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GPS User Manual - University of New Hampshire Cooperative

1. 40 Default Feature Settings Min Positions 1 Accuracy Code Log Interval 5 seconds NUM SCRL y New Feature F3 New Attribute F7 Edit Feature F4 Edit Attribute F8 Delete Feature F5 Delete Attribute F9 UNH Cooperative Extension 29 GPS Manual Edit Feature ES Properties Default Settings f Change the feature name to 5 Feature Mame Landscaping Landscaping Y Lomment g Change the feature type to Area Feature Classification h Click on OK Point Line Area OF Cancel Wetault Help i Note that the symbol associated with the Landscaping feature has changed to a x har T EF polygon area type feature while the Urban Tree has a point symbol Em Landscaping 8 Edit Attribute Values Note in the Table at the beginning of this exercise that describes the data dictionary that the Condition attribute has different values for Landscaping features than it does for Urban Features In this step we will edit attribute values in a similar way that we edited features in the previous step RE Workshop PublicWorks ddf Data Dictionary Editor File Edit Options Help Djejal Sl ej e ev e Name fWorkshopPublicWorks 0 a Select the Landscaping feature Comment m Features Attributes Menu x Urban Tree B Type Healthy amp B Unhealthy E Date Visited A Dead Abe Comment b Select the Condition attribute for the Landscaping featur
2. Site System Lat Long Sone Change Datum WGS 1984 a Differential Correction Rover Files Folder C Pfdata testginny OK Selected Files Gis test0913 sst Browse uE n Note that the corrected files will have a cor extension Note also where the corrected files eie base Files will be saved If necessary change the location Folder _c Pfdata GPSWorkshop Base of the Output files by clicking on the Browse pactos a Y h button and navigating to your project folder Ga _beod Search Internet Search o Select Code Processing Only since we did not Browse collect Carrier Phase data AT Output Folder p Click on OK c Ptdata GPSWorkshop Browse File Extension cor iS Processing Smart Code and Carrier Phase Processing Code Processing Only C Carrier Phase Processing Only Differential Correction Completed EZ 1 file processed In this file i 100 of the selected positions were code corrected q Read the information in the correction 331 positions were read for code correction completed window then close the window 331 positions were code conected File cor0419a txt contains a detailed log Close More Details 7 OPTIONAL View the corrected data with the uncorrected data In order to see both the corrected and uncorrected data together you can add the corrected data as background to your map
3. Code Processing Only Carrier Phase Processing Only Internet Search x f Click on the New button to download the most recent list of websites that provide base station data Baze Data Provider OF cors Montpelier VT S Cancel Hew Delete Properties Help g Select the option to Copy the most up to date list from Trimble s Internet site Pathfinder Office will now go to Trimble s web site and down a list of base station data providers 56 UNH Cooperative Extension New Provider Do pon want to OF Select from the current list Cancel Copy the most up to date list from Trimble s Internet site and select from it Help did Enter the details yourself TIP If you get a Confirm Internet Setup warning click on Yes to continue This warning appears to be a result of computer security issues It will not affect your ability to correct the data Select the internet site closest to you h To sort the list of providers by distance click on the Distance column header i Select one of the closest sites Exercise 4 Data Correction and Export Confirm Internet Setup x Your Windows settings will only allow you to connect to intranet servers that are directly connected to your LAN These settings do not allow you to access external Internet Servers IF You want to change these Windows settings go to the Windows Control Panel an
4. Cancel Default Help UNH Cooperative Extension 63 GPS Manual y Ez Xy TIP If you are in doubt about whether to include a particular attribute it is easier to simply include the attribute now and remove it later if you don t need it e Once you have completed your selection of attributes to include in the export data click on OK in the Attributes window f Click on OK in the Export Setup window g Use My Computer or Windows explorer to check that export files ArcView shapefiles were written to the folder c Pfdata GPSWorkshop export h These shapefiles can now be brought into ArcView and combined with other GIS data TIP If you want to export uncorrected data you should double check the Position Filters in the Export Setup Properties to make sure that they don t exclude uncorrected points Remember that even if you omit the post collection data correction steps described in this exercise your data are considered corrected if you had real time corrections that is the GPS receiver was receiving a Coast Guard beacon signal while you were collecting the points Note that if you are unsure of the correction status the attribute table of the exported data will have the correction status of positions if you selected Correction Status as one of the attributes to include in the exported data See Step 9 Export Setup Properties Sample ArcView Data Output Attributes Units Po
5. Look in GPS Workshop Jbackup 4 11215088 5sf base 8 roadsdur sst export G TEST2 cor 1010110a imp 8 TEST2 ssf 8 ERICM ssf Rx Files of type Data files ssh cor phs imp Data Dictionar Generated by Import Comment Generated from Shapetiles Start Time 2 52 38pm 1701 01 File Size 2440 EB End Time 4 29 35pm 1701 01 Positions 4053 Z BY Untitled Data Dictionary Editor File Edit Options Help DURS eeji v Name Generated by Import Generated from Shapefiles 123 FNODE_ 123 TNODE_ 123 LPOLY_ 123 RPOLY_ 123 LENGTH 123 ROADS170_ 3 ROADS170_ 23 GRANITID 123 CLASS New Feature F3 New Attribute F7 Edit Feature F4 Edit Attribute FS Delete Feature F5 Delete Attribute F9 Press F1 for help Comment o roadsdur Decimal Places 0 Minimum 25 071 Maximum 30 423 Default Default Feature Settings Default Not Set UA AY h Repeat steps f g and delete all of the attributes except Class TIP F9 is the shortcut key to delete attributes j k m n 0 p When you are finished your data dictionary should look like the one shown here Select the Class attribute and click on the Edit Attribute button Note that the existing minimum and maximum values in the GIS file define the Minimum and Maximum values shown in the data dictionary In the case of the Class attribute they are
6. 9 EXPORT TO GIS DOCUMENT YOUR DATA ceccececeececeececeececeececueaeceeaeceeaeaeeesaeeeeeeaneneas 63 10 RENAME YOUR GPS EXPORT FILES c0cccceccececcececcececcececcececececesaecesesceseececeeeeneseees 64 ESTAY ORGANIZE D vt a aos ocios 65 EXERCISE 5 BRINGING GIS DATA INTO YOUR GPS UNIT ceeeeceeeeceeeeeees 67 1 IMPORT FEATURES AND DATA DICTIONARY FROM GIS 0 0 ccc ccceececeecececcececceceececueaeaeeeeas 67 2 SET THE COORDINATE SYST MO care sew et ssa ada Sines ew dh ea ee 69 Sc EDIT THE DATADO TONAR rt E 70 4 DOWNLOAD THE DATA DICTIONARY ONTO THE DATA LOGGER eccececeecececceceececeeaeeeees 72 OPTIONAL DOWNLOAD THE FEATURE MAP ONTO THE DATA LOGGER 0 eccececeeceeeeeess 72 OPTIONAL VIEW THE IMPORTED MAP ON THE DATA LOGGER 2 0scecceeeececcecceceeceeeusaeees 74 APPEND Dira ao e GEODESY NOTES FOR GPS AND GIS APPLICATIONS cccceceeceeceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeness e LEGAL DEFINITION OF LAND SURVEYING AND RESTRICTIONS ON PRACTICING PRE VIN Gace ai e GRANIT GPS DATA COLLECTION STANDARDS cccccceccecceeeeceeceeneeneceeeeeaeeaeeneeeeness LISTO GPS MANUFACTURERS vcintecicnisutsile susie ccendatilvien dal coda e CORS BASE STATION DATA COVERAGE NORTHEAST 0 sscseceeeeeeceeceeceeceeeeeeeseaeeuss e THE COOPERATIVE CORS PROGRAM ui a e MAP OF COAST GUARD DGPS SITE COVERAGE cceccececcecceeeeceeeeeneeneceeeeeneeneeeeeenness e CHARACTERIZING THE ACCURACY OF TRIMBLE PATHF
7. a From the File menu select Background b Click on Add c Navigate to your project folder C Pfdata GPSWorkshop lt YourName gt d Select the corrected file Remember the corrected file has the cor extension UNH Cooperative Extension 59 GPS Manual Click here to e TIP If you can t see the file extensions show file details click on the button indicated here to list file details The corrected file will have Add Background Files Trimble corrected data in the Type Look in Ea GPSWorkshop ex column Alternatively corrected files FE noes pnl Modified ave an icon that resembles a bullseye T backup File Folder 1 1 90 5 26 AM Ibase File Folder 101 90 5 26 AM 9 export File Folder 1 1 90 5 26 Ab del rM121421a sstf ZKE Trimble field data 12 2200 12 44 PM E rM2150da sst EB Trimble field data 122200 12 44 PM 6 test091 aot 30 Trimble corrected d 4 19 01 1 50 PM N e Click on Open f Click on OK El File name test0913 cor Open Files of type Background files dxf shp ssf cor imp ph se Cancel A g You can change the way the background features are symbolized the same way that we changed the symbols for the GPS data in step 5 From the View menu select Layers and then Background Review step 5 for further instruction h Use the Zoom in tool to zoom to a point k om A ae El El EL feature Measuring Zoom In tool tool i
8. didn t create and download your own data dictionary then select Generic x TIP Note the amount of memory available to store data If there is insufficient memory you will need to delete data files See The Basics chapter Start feature Select lt Enter gt t to the Start feat e Select lt Enter gt to go to the Start feature menu oUtity Pole f Select point line area or a feature from the data el 0 teat dictionary that corresponds to the feature that you want to collect Note that the symbols next to the Path items in the data dictionary indicate if they are point Park Road line or area features OPark g lt Enter gt You will immediately start recording positions if the PDOP and SNR position filter requirements are met The unit beeps when it collects position fixes It also beeps when the PDOP or SNR position filters are no longer met and it has stopped collecting points The number of points you have recorded will appear on the lower right corner of the screen h When finished recording the feature select lt Enter gt i Select Yes if you want to save the feature you collected j To collect additional features repeat steps e i Note that you do not need to create a new file for each feature you want to collect You may collect all of your features in the same file k To exit from Data Collection click on the lt Esc gt button F I Select Yes to confirm that you want to leave data collection y x TIP You d
9. p 10 Schwarz Charles R 1983 North American Datum of 1983 NOAA Professional Paper NOS 2 Article 22 p 249 Theobald David 2000 GIS Concepts and ArcView Methods Conservation Planning Technologies Fort Collins CO 182 pages Trimble Navigation Limited January 2000 Mapping Systems Revision C Part Number 24177 01 Sunnyvale CA Acknowledgements Thanks to Fay Rubin Complex Systems Research Center Sam Stoddard UNH Cooperative Extension and Bob Moynihan UNH Thompson School for their contributions to this document Written by Nancy Lambert UNH Cooperative Extension Durham NH original January 2001 revised March 2003 Legal Definition of Land Surveying and Restrictions on Practicing Surveying RSA 310 A 54 Definitions As used in this subdivision IV Practice of land surveying means any service or work the adequate performance of which involves the application of special knowledge of the principles of mathematics the related physical and applied sciences and the relevant requirements of law for adequate evidence to the act of measuring and locating lines angles elevations natural and man made features in the air on the surface of the earth within underground workings and on the beds of bodies of water for the purpose of determining areas and volumes for the monumenting of property boundaries and for the platting and layout of lands and subdivisions of land including the topography alignment and grades
10. to the base station logging interval UNH Cooperative Extension 25 GPS Manual TIP Most of the base stations you will access from the internet are registered with the National Geodetic Survey s CORS program The CORS web site shows the locations and logging intervals of CORS base stations http www ngs noaa gov CORS The Appendix includes a map showing the locations and logging intervals of CORS sites in the northeast The map shows that Montpelier Vermont CORS site logs at 1 second intervals while the Brunswick Maine site logs at 30 second intervals To be certain of logging intervals for the data you download from the internet however it is best to contact the specific CORS site operator directly Contact information for the CORS site operators is available from the CORS web site ea w PE Workshop PublicWorks ddf Data Dictionary Editor File Edit Options Help Osa Sl 2 eje 41591 2 Name q _ __ orkshop Public orks Comment Features ee x Urban Tree k Click on New Attribute Default Feature Settings ___NewFeatue F3 Feature F3 o New ltibute F7 Attribute y Min Positions Le SS Feature F4 Edi tibute RE Log Interval 5 pe Delete Feature F5 ER Delete tribute FE Press F1 for help NUM 7 New Attribute Type Eq Numeric Text Date Time File Mame I Select Menu as the type of attribute m Click on Add Separator n a Type as the attri
11. 60 static position fixes are needed when collecting a point feature Position Mode Manual 3 D Manual 3 D although Auto 2D 3D may be used if four satellites are not available and high accuracy is not required more accurate iS INUNNS Ratio SNR Mask less accurate OO PDOP Switch 6 Real time Required for collection set to Not required for coarse navigation correction wait for real time If it is set to use uncorrected gps unavailable data may be post However for highly accurate processed using the differential navigation to a waypoint the user correction utility in pathfinder can set it to wait for real time If office software and data real time correction is available the downloaded from a base station user should try to get within 10 feet of the intended waypoint Without real time correction the user should get within 20 feet GRANIT staff presently utilizes base station data from the Vermont Agency of Transportation Continuously Operating GPS Reference Station CORS ftp site because the download process is fully automated See ftp vcap aot state vt us ssf or for general information see http vcap aot state vt us Similar data is available from other base stations including the NH Department of Transportation but may require more user intervention to utilize List of GPS Manufacturers The following information was collected by the U S Coast Guard Navigation Center and is offered w
12. Add m Click on OK n The graph if open will automatically update itself If the graph is not open from the Graphs menu select Number Satellites NOTE There may not be any noticeable differences between the graphs for the Concord and Durham points because the locations are relatively close together You many want to add another point in the same time zone e g Tampa Florida to see an appreciable difference in the graph o Close the Quick Plan window to return to Pathfinder Office TIP To determine the latitude and longitude for an area read the lower right corner of the USGS topographic map that includes your area of interest This latitude and longitude information is accurate enough for Quick Plan The latitude and longitude for Durham were selected from the corner of the topographic map that includes Durham Dover West quad as shown here is selected for longitude 3 Time Zone and Observation Longitude are out by more than 2 Hrs Accept Timezone Edit Session 3661 DA 12 31 00 4 00 2 points SALLY all points oncord Durham CoordUn Durham Coori Remove Pt Remove Pt from Session Date gt gt Session E Time gt gt Combined Curtains gt gt Create gt gt Point Curtain gt gt Edit Pt gt gt Receiver ID at pt latitude Tas longitude DOVER WEST N H 430 10 BR tF 024 1950 STO m NE SER ve UNH Cooperative Extension
13. Choose Sample ArcView Shapefile Output Folder Setu p cAPfdatasG PS workshop E sport Browse Cancel Help dul i Choose an Esport Setup Sample ArcView Shapetile Setup Format ArcView Shapetile Type of Export Features Positions and Attributes Output Option Combine and output to Export folder GIS Coordinate System Site N System US State Plane 1983 Zone New Hampshire 2800 Datum NAD 1983 Conus K Coordinate Units US Survey Feet New Delete Properties UNH Cooperative Extension 61 GPS Manual d IMPORTANT Make sure that the GIS Coordinate System noted in the window is the same as GIS coordinate system to which you will be exporting If the coordinate system information shown here does not match your GIS your GPS data will not overlay correctly This may not be an issue if you are using ArcGIS software which can re project data on the fly In this case however you should note the coordinate system that your exported GPS data are in because you will need to define it for the ArcGIS software The export system shown here is correct for NH GRANIT data If it is not correct for your GIS data see the TIP below e Click on Properties f Continue to step 9 to specify the attributes to export e TIP To change the GIS coordinate system i Select Coordinate System Tab ii Select Export Coordinates As XY iii Click on the Change button to select a different coordina
14. From the File menu select Open c Select your GPS rover file and click Open TIP To help identify your files remember that the files are coded as follows Open Look ir a GFSworkshop _ J export 8 121421 asst 6 1 21508a set File name Ir 1 508a set Open Files of type Data files sf cor phs 5 imp Cancel Open as read only Data Dictionary Generic Comment Start Time 8 00 00pmn 12731769 End Time 8 00 00pm 12731769 HE al EE Help File Size 1 1 KB Positions 0 2 UNH Cooperative Extension 51 GPS Manual R MM DD HH x R Rover MM current month DD current day of the month HH current hour of the day xX indicates increments within the hour For example a is the first file for the hour b is the second file etc Yi a i 4 OPTIONAL Add a background image You can bring in data from your GIS to display as background to your GPS data Load Background Files x Check to load background files OK a From the File menu select Cancel Background Add b Click on the Add button Remove Help Coordinate system of selected file site Change System Zone D atum NOTE There may be background files already loaded from a previous Pathfinder Office session You may ignore these files or you can remove them Removing them does not delete the file from the disk It only removes them from this list You c
15. Survey Feet hal Altitude Units US Survey Feet r Exercise 4 Data Correction and Export 9 Export to GIS Document your data You should always document your data so users now and in the future are able to interpret it appropriately In addition to the coordinate information x y and sometimes Z you should include the following in the documentation positional accuracy value for the coordinates when and where the data were collected by whom the positions were collected what equipment was used what software including version was used to process the data whether post processing corrections were applied You can include some of this information in your export file Click on the Properties button in the Export window a b Inthe Export setup window select the Attributes tab Select the option to Export Menu Attributes As Attribute Value c d Click on the various precision measurements shown here Note that we did not include vertical precision measurements because we are interested in horizontal x y data only You may want to include measurements such as Area Perimeter and Length although we can also calculate this information with our GIS software Additional attributes not visible in the figure to include under the All Feature Types category are Feature Name Total Positions Data Dictionary Name 9 e TIP Click the Help button and read the description of the various attribut
16. TIP If Edit Session is not available select New Session and continue from step v c Click on the Edit button d Click on Create gt gt e Click on Keyboard UNH Cooperative Extension Delete Edit Close Cancel Els Edit Session 3623 X 12 27 00 4 00 1 points sace all points o Remove Pr from Session Date gt gt Session Time gt gt Combined Curtains gt gt Create gt gt Point Curtain gt gt Receiver ID at p Edit Pt gt gt E Cancel Edit Point Concord x i Name Concord Latitude 43 12 0 N Longitude 7 30 0 W Yorld Map Cities Keyboard Cancel Exercise 1 Mission Planning Edit Point Concord El Station Identification Name Durham Name j la cl OK Station Position Latitude sAN Vv Usable GPS Cancel Notes About f Change the station name to Durham g Change the latitude to 43 degrees ms 7 minutes 30 seconds h Make sure that N for northern hemisphere is selected for latitude i Change the longitude to 70 degrees 52 minutes 30 seconds j Make sure that W for western hemisphere k Click on OK Warning TIP If you see this error message indicating that the Time Zone and Longitude aren t consistent then you may not have correctly set the hemispheres in step h andj I Select Durham from the list of all points and click on
17. Time 10 52 38am 1 01 01 File Size 244 8 KB End Time 12 29 35pm 1 01 01 Positions 4053 7 UNH Cooperative Extension 73 GPS Manual Data Transfer Al ES Device GIS Datalogger on COMI o Bol Devices al oll 7 Connected to Asset Surveyor Receive Send Files to Send File Size DataType Souce Add y j Click on Transfer All 1010110a 245KB Data File C Pfdata GPS Workshop 1010110a imp bd gt EmoYEe Remove All Transter All I Retain File List for this Data Transfer Session Settings Help Close Transfer Completed k You should get a message that the p lolx transfer was completed Click on 1 File s Successfully Transferred Close I Close the Data Transfer window The file c PfdataSGPSWorkshop DTLi231b TXT contains a E fue detailed log m The message File received will appear on the data logger screen Close More Details 6 OPTIONAL View the imported map on the data logger a From the data logger Main menu select Map b Look at the bottom menu to find the Options function If you do not see it press F5 to see additional menu choices Use the arrow key to scroll down to Background file c Select the file that you just imported d Use the arrow keys and Zoom In Zoom out function keys to navigate around the map 74 UNH Cooperative Extension Appen dix Geodesy Notes for GPS and GIS Applications Legal Definiti
18. WGS 84 spheroid Data transfer to and from the GPS units is therefore easiest when the coordinate systems are set to US State Plane 1983 New Hampshire zone and the units recorded in US survey feet Data Collection and Navigation Parameter Settings The standards used in the field vary depending on whether the purpose 1s data collection or navigation Data collection requires a higher level of accuracy than most navigation and therefore stricter standards are applied Navigation may require a very high level of accuracy such as when navigating to a specific point for ground truthing however less stringent standards may be used when still far away from the point gt 500 feet or when navigating back to a vehicle Therefore some navigation standards are presented as a range of values and while settings may be relaxed in some situations to find more satellites and generate more readings they should be changed to the stricter standards as the user approaches a waypoint GRANIT retains many of the default receiver settings and several others do not apply to the projects for which we typically use GPS The settings listed below are only those that we adjust a DATA COLLECTION NAVIGATION Logging Intervals GRANIT primarily collects point Not applicable features for which the selected interval is one per second For line and polygon features this selection would depend upon the straightness of the line and the speed of travel Twenty to
19. any parts must be reported immediately Failure to abide by this policy will result in the loss of borrowing privileges To borrow a GPS unit please contact Sharon Hughes ph 603 862 1029 email sharon hughes unh edu 3 Checklist of Items included with the GPS Please make sure all items are returned in excellent condition Equipment Provided Trimble carrying case black plastic Data logger with nylon case Antenna with nylon case Antenna poles 2 1 long 1 short Nylon backpack containing Pro XRS receiver w nylon case Batteries 4 Dual battery cable batteries to receiver port B Antenna cable antenna port to antenna Data Power cable receiver port B to data logger cable Data cable Data power cable to TSC1 or TSC1 to download Spare Double female cable black Battery charger yellow aka Trimble Support Unit Power pack cable 120v to support unit Extension cable yellow battery charger to TSC1 Data Power cable NMEA RTCM cable double headed CD Pathfinder Office UNH Cooperative Extension GPS Manual Please note that the following optional items are only included if you request them specifically Optional Manuals Manuals TSC1 Asset Surveyor Operation Manual TSC1 Asset Surveyor Software User Guide Pro XR XRS Receiver Manual GPS Pathfinder Office Getting Started Guide Mapping Systems General Reference Individuals loading GPS Pathfinder Office software are req
20. of streets and for the preparation and perpetuation of maps record plats field note records and property descriptions that represent these surveys RSA 310 A 53 General Provisions Il Except as provided in RSA 310 A 74 it shall be a class B misdemeanor for any person to practice or to offer to practice land surveying in this state or to repre sent by verbal claim sign letterhead card or in any other way that such person is a land surveyor or is able to perform land surveying services unless the person holds a license under this subdivision Admission to practice land surveying shall be determined upon the basis of individual personal qualification GPS Data Collection Standards NH GRANIT Project Complex Systems Research Center Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire January 2 2001 Introduction New Hampshire GRANIT is a cooperative project to create maintain and make available a statewide geographic data base serving the information needs of state regional and local decision makers Increasingly GRANIT is using Global Position Systems GPS technology to collect locational data and to provide ground truth information The purpose of this document is to record the standards that GRANIT has developed for data collection and navigation using a GPS Limitations The standards documented herein were developed based upon the needs of GRANIT s projects and they reflect the GPS units a
21. overlay properly and will result in errors in your GIS maps and analyses Map projections are the mathematical formulas used to convert locations from a three dimensional sphere to a two dimensional map Representing an area of the three dimensional Earth on a two dimensional map results in distortion One or more of the following qualities will always be distorted on a map area distance direction shape or proximity The type of projection that is used and hence which qualities are preserved and which are compromised depends on the intended map use The degree of the distortion will depend on the map scale with smaller scale maps having more distortion than larger scale maps GRANIT data are projected using the Transverse Mercator projection TM is a conformal projection meaning that it shows the shapes of small features correctly although some distortion may exist for larger features For a more detailed discussion of map projections see Theobald 2000 In addition to knowing the datum and projection that your data are based on it is important to know their coordinate system Coordinate systems allow map users to identify specific locations on the Earth Latitude and longitude also referred to as decimal degrees are spherical coordinates used to identify a point on the Earth It is difficult to calculate distance and area with a spherical coordinate system because it requires spherical geometry For this reason planar or two dimensi
22. techniques are required Correct Velocity Records Correct Realtime DGPS Positions Base Processing Technique t Standard Tip Standard processing ls the fastest With Filtering technique Use this setting if pour data iz la a clean and no noise reduction techniques 2 g are required Ok Cancel Default il Help UNH Cooperative Extension 55 GPS Manual d Note that the default is to Correct Realtime DGPS Positions In theory you can improve the accuracy of your GPS data by post processing data that were already corrected in real time In practice we have found that post processing real time corrected data can sometimes produce suspicious results If you are happy with the accuracy of your real time corrected data you may want to uncheck this box so that you only correct data that were not corrected in real time If most of your data were real time corrected you probably won t see a significant difference when post processing e Click on Internet Search Differential Correction Rover Files Folder C PidataGPS Workshop Selected Files 1214210 5 t 215084 est OF Cancel Help Settings pl Base Files Folder C Pidata GPS Workshop base Selected Files Local Search Internet Search Browse Corrected Files Dutput Folder C APidata G PS Workshop Browse File Extension cor Processing Smart Code and Carrier Phase Processing
23. the receiver Do not detach this cable b There are two ports labeled green on the data logger where the data cable may be inserted Choose the port that does not stress the cable For example if you will be laying the logger onto a surface choose the bottom port If you will be holding the bottom of the data logger against you choose the top port c Expose the port on the data logger by pulling out the black rubber plug and insert the data cable connector labeled green into the data logger port being careful to match the raised metal slide on the cable with the slot in the data logger connector 1 P N 29653 00 Integrated GPS Beacon Antenna 2 P N 22628 Antenna Cable 3 P N 29654 00 amp channel Pro XA receiver or P N 29654 10 12 channel Pro XA receiver 4 P N 17466 Camcorder Batteries 5 P N 30232 00 NMEA RTCM Cable 6 P N 30231 00 Data Power Cable 7 P N 24333 Dual Battery Cable B P N 32287 00 TSC1 Data Cable 9 TSC1 datalogger IMPORTANT To disconnect the data logger cable pull back on the thin metal cable attached to the connector as you are pulling on the connector d Locate and connect the two yellow antenna poles one short one long e Screw the antenna to one end of assembled poles and connect the other end of the antenna antenna pole assembly to the backpack f Locate the antenna cable in the backpack labeled red Check that this cable is attached to the receiver port labeled ANT Do not det
24. 19 GPS Manual Y 7 OPTIONAL Auto Time Pathfinder Office will show you which times of the day will meet your data collection criteria a From the Options menu select Auto Time b Input your criteria for data collection Remember the lower the PDOP the higher quality your readings will be Recommended PDOP lt 6 c Select the Number SV s and PDOP graph from the Graphs menu if it isn t already displayed d Note that the optimal viewing times are now displayed on your graph Auto View Time Selection x Number Sats gt B Working Hours to hh mm PDOP lt le Minimum observation time Minutes r Auto Recalc OR Cancel 8 OPTIONAL Edit Date and Time Choose a Se EY a From the Session menu select Edit Session 3501 b Generally the list of sessions will include only one session Click on the Edit button Delete Edit Close Cancel Els 20 UNH Cooperative Extension fos y c You may now adjust the time date and location of your session by selecting the Date gt gt and Time gt gt Edit Session 3501 TIP If you Know there are obstructions where you will be collecting data you can revise your mission plan so 1 points buttons that it does not include satellites blocked by the obstruction A curtain refers to objects that block the satellite signals from the GPS receiver Note in the edit session e f Concord Concord figure that you ca
25. 1983 Mew Hampshire 2600 NAD 1983 Conus JA Change 5 OPTIONAL Change the symbols You can change how the features appear on your map You can change point symbols colors and line thicknesses a To change how your data are symbolized from the View menu select Layers and then select Features b Double click on a point feature to change its symbol Features Layers Sho Feature Mare OK Notin Feature Cancel Polnt_qeneric dd ST Line_generic ST Area generic Symbol Sign Utility Pole LightSource Help xO Fire Hydrant x Bench Bus Stop Mu Path El View C Asabove All C None UNH Cooperative Extension 53 GPS Manual Point_generic x A c Selecta new symbol and click on OK gt f HO O cf x gt fH Oe jf E es O DE PB O O l di E siy np E o E OS bd hd hd hd hd Line_qgeneric x d Double click on a new area or line feature e Select a color and thickness Thickness F Join LIK Cancel Help f Click on OK e TIP Uncheck the Join box if you want unconnected dots to represent your logged GPS positions 54 UNH Cooperative Extension 6 Correcting the Data Exercise 4 Data Correction and Export You may not need to apply differential correction to data that were corrected in real time The data logger for the Trimble Pro XR will display a radio beacon i
26. 23 The 04 could refer to the 4 00 am hour or the 4 00 pm hour depending on whether the data logger is set to a 12 or 24 hour clock The A indicates that this is the first file during this hour The selection of a 12 or 24 hour clock is made in the Configuration menu under Time and Date yg NOTE If the file hour looks odd it may be indicating the hour according to Greenwich Mean Time GMT By default the GPS receiver uses GMT to determine the day and hour when naming files Eastern Standard Time is GMT minus 5 hours Eastern Daylight Savings Time is GMT minus 4 hours 1 Sunday in April last Saturday in October Eastern Daylight Savings Time GMT minus 4 hours Last Sunday in October 1 Saturday in April Eastern Standard Time GMT minus 5 hours TIP You can specify that the local day and hour be used to name the files When you create a new file within data collection time will appear as a soft key i e it will be one of the menu items that appear on the bottom of the screen Select the time softkey F1 and choose local time To check that the data logger s local time is set properly go to the main menu and select Configuration From the Configuration menu select Time and Date If necessary correct the local time to adjust for changes related to daylight savings time UNH Cooperative Extension Exercise 3 Data Collection d Data dictionary Select the data dictionary you downloaded in Exercise 2 If you
27. Cooperative Extension Exercise 5 Bringing GIS data into your GPS unit d Return to your computer In Pathfinder Office select Data Transfer from the Utilities menu TIP If you did not successfully complete Unable to establish a connection with device Ensure the cable is connected the device is turned on and is in data transfer mode if necessary steps a c you will receive the error OK message shown here To solve this problem click on OK and recheck steps a c Device since we will be sending BO bo me qe the GIS data from the Receive send computer to the data Files to logger file Size DataType Sowce aad f Click on the Add Button EZ RemoveAll g Select Data File ansera J Retain File List for this Data Transfer Session Settings Help Close Open 2 x Lookin a GPSWokshep zl Ei Al EX h From the c Pfdata GPSWorkshop oe a apps base roadsdur ssf folder select the import file you export G TEST2 cor x 5 1010110aimp S TEST2 ssf created imp EE r121421a ssf i Click on Open i File name fio 0110a i 0 TIP If the data file is not listed check o Een H E E E f E r x x E E i that the Source Directory is pointing to o BE EA the folder that contains your project files O E You created this folder in the Mission i Data Dictionary Generated by Import Help Planning Exercise step 1 Comment Generated from Shapefiles Start
28. Data Dictionary Tix h From the c Pfdata GPSWorkshop Saparswokshop eA a folder select YourName ae PublicWorks ddf opor roads ddf i Click on Open 44 TIP If the data dictionary file is not y listed check that the Source Directory MainMemoy is pointing to the folder that contains your project files You created this folder in the Mission Planning Exercise step 1 j Click on Transfer All Workshop Public 7KB Data Dicti C Pfdata GPS wWorkshop workshop Public 34 UNH Cooperative Extension k m fa AY Exercise 2 Data Dictionary You should get a message that the transfer was completed Click on Close Transter Completed 1 Filels Successtully Transferred If the transfer was successful the data logger screen will read Data The file c PfdataSGPSWorkshop DTLi231b TXT contains a dictionary read OK Palen Close the Data Transfer __ Hose More Details dialogue box TIP If you were not able to transfer successfully check that you only have one data transfer window open Close any extra data transfer windows that may be open and try transferring again 12 OPTIONAL To see the Data Dictionary on the data logger If you are curious and want to check to see how your newly created data dictionary appears on the data logger you can complete the following steps a b f If necessary return to the main menu on the data logger by p
29. GPS User Manual For UNH Cooperative Extension s Trimble Pro XR Units ORIGINAL DRAFT January 2001 Revised May 2004 Byard Mosher Lake Shore Consulting contributed to The Basics chapter All other chapters and desktop publishing by Nancy Lambert Water Resources and Sea Grant Program UNH Cooperative Extension Nesmith Hall 31 Main Street Durham NH 03824 3597 Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge financial assistance with purchasing the GPS units from the Samuel P Pardoe Foundation the UNH Foundation and the UNH Dept of Natural Resources Special thanks to the following people who provided technical assistance in the development of this document Curt Crow National Geodetic Survey Tom Luther US Forest Service Byard Mosher Lake Shore Consulting Bob Moynihan UNH Thompson School Fay Rubin UNH Complex Systems Research Center Sam Stoddard UNH Cooperative Extension Some of the graphics in this document were reproduced from documents by Trimble Navigation Limited with permission NOTE These workshop materials are not intended as an endorsement of any product or organization UNH Cooperative Extension programs and policies are consistent with pertinent Federal and State laws and regulations on non discrimination regarding age color handicap national origin race religion sex sexual orientation or Veteran s status College of Life Sciences and Agriculture County governments NH Division of Forests and
30. INDER MAPPING RECEIVERS e INTERPRETING ACCURACY OF PATHFINDER OFFICE MAPPING RECEIVERS USING STANDARD DEVIATION satan uteri Ghent mndawadauda da E e LOGO PLOTTING IN PATHFINDER OFFICE SOFTWARE 0ccecceceeceeceeeeceeceeeeseeeneeeeeenness GEODESY NOTES FOR GPS AND GIS APPLICATIONS 00 ccc ccccseeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeees Introd uction 1 Knowing Enough to be Dangerous Please note that this workshop is intended to give you a working knowledge of GPS to the degree that you can collect data for use in natural resources inventories and planning This workshop does not give you the skills or authority of a licensed land surveyor Applications of GPS for recording property boundaries zoning boundaries and other legal boundaries such as setbacks requires the involvement of a licensed land surveyor Likewise legally binding calculations of property area must also be performed by licensed surveyors See the Appendix for the legal definition of land surveying and the restrictions on practicing surveying 2 Policy for Borrowing GPS Unit The Trimble Pathfinder Pro XR GPS units are available for non profit projects Individuals who have completed a UNH Cooperative Extension s GPS educational workshop may borrow them Borrowing the units for purposes other than non profit projects requires special permission Without exception the units must be returned on time and with all items present and in excellent condition Damage to the units or
31. LE THE GPS UNIT ccecceccecceceeceeceececeecuecesaeceaeeaeeueeeeaees 37 2 BEFORE You Go CHECK THE BATTERIES ceccececeececeecececceceececeececueaececueaeensaeeess 37 3 BEFORE You Go CHECK DATA LOGGER STORAGE SPACE sececcecceceececeeseeceeeuees 37 4 BEFORE You Go CONFIGURE CRITICAL SETTINGS ccceccececeececeececeecesecaeceeaeeeeaeas 38 SCONF TUN Sid TA stas ota en eh a Sand tude etarra ponla e iotraledica cet lcade 41 6 FIELD DATA COLLECTION ASSIGNMENT 2ccececceccecceceeceeceecececueaecaecucaeceecusaeeeeueseeaes 43 OPTIONAL SAVING A NESTED FEATURE 2 0ccccceccececcecceececeecucceeaeceecesaeceesesaeeeeeneanens 45 OPTIONAL CHECKING COORDINATE S said 45 OPTIONAL SKY PIO Se seit ds eo dass Me de ae dol de o 45 OP TIONAL OFFSET sesion ti n 46 OPTIONAL BACKGROUND MAPS uta 47 EXERCISE 4 DATA CORRECTION AND EXPORT 2cccceceececeececeececeecececeecereeeees 49 1c DOWNEOADING FROM THE GRO oia dia ander 49 2 SET THE COORDINATE OY SIEM a beet deel Senet cl false oad 51 OPTIONAL VIEW YOUR DATA IN PATHFINDER OFFICE 2 0sceececcecceceececceceececcuceusaeceaes 51 OPTIONAL ADD A BACKGROUND IMAGE cccececceceececeeeececeecuceeeeseaeceeaeceseeaeeneaeeenaeeess 52 OPTIONAL CHANGE THE SYMBOLS cinc cria da ia 53 6 CORRECTING THE DAT Anici a e a e a 55 7 OPTIONAL VIEW THE CORRECTED DATA WITH THE UNCORRECTED DATA coocccccccnconooo 59 9 EXPORTINSG TO GIS au ia etd hunbas 61
32. Lands Dept of Resources and Economic Development NH Fish amp Game Dept U S Dept of Agriculture Forest Service and U S Fish and Wildlife Service cooperating A UNIVERSITY of NEW HAMPSHIRE ial COOPERATIVE EXTENSION Table of Contents INTRODUCTION andina aaa o acaled 1 1 KNOWING ENOUGH TO BE DANGEROUS 2 cceececeececeececeececeececeeaeceeaeceeaececeececueaeeueatenes 1 2 POLICY FOR BORROWING GPS UNIT ini ii EA dd 1 3 CHECKLIST OF ITEMS INCLUDED WITH THE GPS 0 00 oc eceececcecececceceececeecececeecesaecesaeeneaeens 1 4 PLACES TO GO FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 0 ecceceeceececcecceceececceseeeecuscesaeceeeneaeens 2 5 Gro MANUFACTURER S sien citaron socio tol ariete ale lib aci 3 THE BASI Sicuani A A ala aces ated ioe cias oie 5 le PROCESS OVERVIEW 5 ae e el ai 5 PB O O eee teats he 5 o DATA LOGGER MENUS tics ec odo end ed e e ed so dd eo 6 4 BATTERY CHECKING AND CHARGING ccccececceccecceceeccceececaecuccesaecaececueaesecueaesaeenesesaeens 7 9 BATTERY CHARGING GPS RECEIVER BATTERIES swasvoriiceiveccbnssvncesasvadivvuetoriadehieneaenies 8 6 BATTERY CHARGING DATA LOGGER BATTERIES ececceceececeececeececeececeeaecueaecesaeeneaeans 8 7 CONNECTING THE DATA LOGGER TO THE GPS RECEIVER AND ANTENNA 2 0eceeeeceeeeees 9 CONNECTING THE DATA LOGGER TO THE COMPUTER sccececeececeececeececeececueaecueaeceeeeaeenss 10 BIE TIN GPE Seatac heh ease cathe a de See e tie Ma tet 10 EXERCISE 1
33. MISSION PLANNING 0 cccecceccecceceececceceeceececceceeeeceeseeceeeeeeeseseeeeeeeess 11 STAR LANE WERO a at eo 11 Z DOWNLOAD ALMANAC e o do e e de 12 3 CHECK TIME SE TINGS 1d ca adi obio 14 4 ET et Ue 2G ot QUO P AN Se ene ee ee An 15 OR TIONAL SIV PIO TE canta ide ltda 17 OPTIONAL KEYBOARD ENTRY alate Oi chee tae a tattle cued Nat Nh alta 18 OPTIONAL AUTO TIME esi tet leet dos at Nota alt 20 OPTIONAL EDIT DATEAND TIME 2 a a Pe tl dd AD alt 20 EXERCISE 2 DATA DICTIONARY cnica e 23 duo ENIAIRIO nana sh deus a a I S E e scores 23 2 ADDING MENUS TY PEAT ERIBUMES corta its 24 3 REVIEW SKILLS ADD A MENU TYPE ATTRIBUTE 2 0 cccceceececcecceceececceseecaeceeeeseeeusaeees 27 AS AV Esad od duelos vedo 21 5 ADD A DATE TYPE ATTRIBUTE cccccceececcecceceecucceececeecuecueaecaececaecueceeseeaesueaeeaesueeneaeeas 28 6 ADD A TEXT TYPE ATIRIBUTE o ee ee a a ees 29 T COPY AND EDIT FEATURES site facets ats a Wits o da de OS totale late testes 29 8 EDIT ATTRIBUTE VALUES ti li dci 30 9 REVIEW SKILLS EDIT ATTRIBUTE VALUES 0ccccccceececceececcececeececeecuecesaecusaeeaeeueaeeaes 31 10 ADD A NUMERIC ATTRIBUTE ss sde gece eee gi eas ee bid Sate hte 32 11 DOWNLOAD DATA DICTIONARY TO DATA LOGGER ccecceceececcecceceecuccesaececusaeeaeceeaes 33 OPTIONAL TO SEE THE DATA DICTIONARY ON THE DATA LOGGER ceceececeececeeeeeeeees 35 EXERCISE 3 DATA COLEEC TION cuunini onncianadad iii 37 BEFORE You Go ASSEMB
34. Not Permitted 3 Review skills Add a Menu Type Attribute a Repeat steps 2l n to create a menu type a x attribute called Condition Attribute Value Healthy OK b Repeat steps 2n w and assign the F Default Cancel attribute values for Condition as Healthy Unhealthy and Dead Make Healthy the Code Value Help default value as shown in the figure Cade Value 2 4 Save UNH Cooperative Extension GPS Manual a From the File menu select Save As b Save in the folder c PfData GPSWorkshop c Save the file with the same name that you gave the data dictionary in step 2b It should default to this name In this case you named the dictionary YourName PublicWorks ddf 5 Add a Date Type Attribute a When you ve completed the Condition attribute create a new date type attribute by selecting date b Click on Add c Name the attribute Date Visited d Select Auto Generate on Creation to have the value of this field assigned automatically e Select Month Day Year as the Format Save in 3 GPSWorkshop E al ex New Attribute Type KI Type C Menu C Numeric _ Cancel Tex Help f Date C Time C File Name C Separator New Date Attribute x Attribute Name Date Visited OK Comment Cancel Help s Auto Generate on Creation T Auto Generate on Update Format Field Entry C Day Month Year Normal Month Day e
35. See Step 10 Landscaping Area Condition Grass Natural shrubs etc Cultivated flowers etc Bare ground maintenance needed Pedestrian Line Menu Condition Good Way Repair Replace Make default UNH Cooperative Extension 23 GPS Manual Sign Feature Feature Attribute Attribute Attribute Values Type Type Name a pees Type Asphalt Concrete Dirt Cow Path a Width feet Decimal Places 1 Minimum 0 Maximum 20 Default 5 Parking Lot Type Permit required Metered Make Fee required required Visitor Free Point Menu Type Traffic Other Make required _ gt No 2 Adding Menu Type Attributes 24 Shelter Yes No a Select the Data Dictionary Editor tool or click on Data Dictionary Editor in the Utilities menu Data Dictionary PE Untitled Data Dictionary Editor File Edit Options Help Deal sia a 17 el Name _ IZA ooo Workshop Public works Comment Features ae A Default Feature D New Feature IRA IRA Athibute Fi Eqit restore ra Edt tiibute Fe fo Delete Feature FG Delete Attribute FS Press F1 for help NUM 7 UNH Cooperative Extension Exercise 2 Data Dictionary b Type in YourName PublicWorks as the Name of the data dictionary c Click on New Feature New Feature Properties Default Settings g Feature Name Urban Tree Comment Ss Feature Classification i Point C Line d Name the featur
36. Use the measuring tool to measure the distance between the corrected and uncorrected features With the measuring tool click on the uncorrected feature and then click on the corrected feature Double click to stop measuring The distance between the two features will appear in the lower left corner of the map window If you can t tell which point is corrected and which is uncorrected remember that you can always change the symbolization to differentiate them GPS Pathfinder Office tost0913 ssf Map 1 172 lt fie de on ats site Mond Co Corals weve Wl carers Aes ab A Destence 0 001 km Boang WIRT Area 0 00 ha NUM 60 UNH Cooperative Extension Exercise 4 Data Correction and Export NOTE If you had real time corrections when you were collecting the data you may find very little difference between your corrected and uncorrected data Post processing real time corrected data generally does not result in dramatic differences in positions 8 Exporting to GIS You can export your GPS data to use in other software programs such as ArcView Arclnfo AutoCAD MapInfo and GRASS We will demonstrate how to export to ArcView Sl a From the Utilities menu select Export or click on the Export tool Export Tool Export ox Input Files Folder c Pidate GPSorkshop OR Selected Files b Make sure the Output Folder is correct a For the workshop it should be sd fee c Pfdata GPSWorkshop export c
37. ach this cable g Connect the screw on cable connector to the port located on the underside of the antenna labeled red TIP Make sure that the cable is correctly screwed into the antenna If you don t have a good connection between the antenna and the cable the GPS receiver won t pick up satellite signals Ws y UNH Cooperative Extension 9 GPS Manual 8 Connecting the data logger to the computer a Locate the download charging cables in the zip lock bag b There are two ports labeled green on the data logger where the data cable may be inserted Choose the port that does not stress the cable In this case you will be laying the data logger onto a table surface so plug the coiled data logger cable labeled green into the bottom data logger c Connect the pink end of the data logger cable to the pink end of the double ended connector cable d Plug the female end of the cable into the computer Select the male port on your computer that matches the size and shape of the female connector e When you are finished with these cables please return them to the zip lock bag 9 Deleting Files a From the main menu of the data logger Main menu select File Manager Pata Navigation E Tn b Select delete file s ajre manager NE Map c Select the file you want to delete and Se Configuration Ea irra press lt Enter gt IO stp Satellite fe Utilities information d Select F1 to
38. an access them again with the Add button Add Background Files 2 x Look in DurhamColorPhoto y Ej al c 8 unh tif c Navigate to the c GPSWorkshop Photo folder Select the file within the Photo folder The exact name of this folder will vary according to the workshop location ask the instructor for assistance d Click on Open File name urh tif Open Files of type Background files dxf shp ssf cor imp ph y Cancel iy As 52 UNH Cooperative Extension Exercise 4 Data Correction and Export e Note that Pathfinder Office will remind you that the coordinate system of your background file needs to be the same as the coordinate system of your map window We set the coordinate system of the map window in step 2 GPS Pathfinder Office x IN Please remember to set the correct coordinate system of each new background file Ifthe coordinate system is incorrect it OK will display incorrectly in the Map window Load Background Files Check to load background files OK f Double check that the e E e ata DurhamlUolor unk tif coordinate system of the background file is the same as the coordinate system shown here If it is not the same click on the Change button and set it correctly See step 2 for details on setting the coordinate Coordinate system of selected file s system g Click on OK Site System ZONE D atum Close Remove Help n a US State Flane
39. ar Required i Year Month Dap tf Not Permitted f Select Not Permitted as the Field Entry option to prevent field collection personnel from changing the date g Click on OK 28 UNH Cooperative Extension 6 Add a Text Type Attribute a b Click on Add c Name the attribute Comment d Assign a value of 40 characters to the length of the attribute e Click on OK f Close the New Attribute Dialog box 7 Copy and Edit Features Select Text as the attribute type Exercise 2 Data Dictionary New Attribute Type El Lancel C Time File Name C Separator New Text Attribute x Attribute Name Comment DE Comment Cancel Length jso Help Field Entry Normal C Required C Not Permitted Rather than starting from scratch to create the Landscaping feature we will copy the Urban Tree feature and edit it a Select the Urban Tree feature It should appear highlighted if it is selected b From the Edit menu select Copy Feature From the Edit menu select Paste Feature c d Select the second Urban Feature in the list of features Click on the Edit Feature button e Press F1 for help PE Workshop PublicWorks ddf Data Dictionary Editor File Edit Options Help asa sle el fe 410 e Name W orkshop Publicworks Attributes Text E Type Lenath E Condition Ed Date Visited Abe Comment Features x Urban Tree x
40. ation about CORS Continuously Operating Reference Station sites see htto www ngs noaa gov CORS j Click on the Properties button and examine the information provided for this base station site k Click on OK Internet Search E Ok CORS Montpelier VT 7 Cancel Base Data Provider New Delete Properties Help UNH Cooperative Extension 57 GPS Manual TIP If you try to download base station data immediately after data collection you may y find that the files are not yet available lt may take an hour or so for the base station data to be posted to the web site If you wait too long you may find that the data are no longer available over the internet and you will need to submit a special request to retrieve them from the archives To be safe you should process your files within a week of collecting them TIP If you get a message that files have failed to transfer you can try another internet y site If you are not successful at other sites and you suspect that your files may be old contact the site manager about retrieving data from the site s archives The internet site properties step g give you the manager contact information Copying files from Internet MEE Internet Download Log x None of the required files were transferred successfully Here is what happened Copying files from the Internet to C Pfdata GPS workshop base An Internet error occurred 550 cors rinex 70001 vcap v
41. avSymm Positioning Systems Northstar Technologies NovAtel Communications Ltd www novatel com Odetics Inc Omnistar Philips Navigation A S Premier GPS Inc Pulsearch Navigation Systems Inc SCI Systems Inc Sercel Incorporated USA Sercel France SiRF Technology SI TEX Marine Electronics Inc Sokkia Corporation sony Corp of America www sel sony com Spectrum Geophysical Instruments Stanford Telecommunications Starlink Inc Telecom Solutions Topcon America Corp Trak Systems Division Trimble Navigation Ltd True Time Inc 1 Universal Avionics Systems Corp Topcon Europe 31 10 4 58 50 77 CORS base station data coverage Northeast The National Geodetic Survey NGS an office of NOAA s National Ocean Service coordinates a network of continuously operating reference stations CORS that provide Global Positioning System GPS base station data to use for correcting rover GPS data Note on the map that the Vermont CORS site collects data at one second intervals while most other CORS sites in this region collect data at 30 second intervals This map is available on the web at http www ngs noaa gov CORS 100 200 300 and 400 km ranges
42. bute New Menu Attribute x ee e y O OK 0 Select Normal as the Field Entry e OK option ei Cancel Menu Attribute Values p Click on New to select new Name User Code 1 User Code 2 Help attribute values New Edita Delete Al kd Field Entry Y ie Normal Required C Not Permitted 7N 26 UNH Cooperative Extension la v Exercise 2 Data Dictionary New Attribute Value Menu Item x q Type in Deciduous as the new Attribute Value Deciduous attribute value Wo T Default Cancel th Code Value 1 Help Code Value 2 TIP You can save space in your database by entering a Code Value to be exported to the GIS database This allows GPS operators in the field to see the full attribute value without having to know the individual codes When the data are exported however only the codes will be exported thereby saving database space If you use Code Values in a data dictionary all the attributes must have code values r Click on Add Edit Menu Attribute E s Repeat step and type in Attribute Name Type O Evergreen as the attribute value omen Cancel Menu Attibube Y aluez t Click on Add atar lez Hp Deciduous u Click on Close when you are Evergreen done entering attribute values v Check that your new attribute Type has two values assigned to it Deciduous and Evergreen _ New Edit Delete Field Eritry w Click on OK Normal C Required
43. cap001 a 700 gz No such file or directory Perhaps this file is too old and is no longer stored on the server Failed to copy ftp www ngs noaa gov cors rinex 70001 4vcap vcap001 a 700 gz An Internet error occurred 1 files have tailed to traneter 550 cors rinex 70001 vcap vcap001 a 70n gz No such file or directory Perhaps this file is too old and is no longer stored on the server Cancel cap0 a On qz Failed to copy ftp www ngs noaa gov cors rinex 70001 vcap vcap001 a 70n gz R equesting tile Il When Pathfinder Office prompts you to confirm the selected base files check that the percentage of coverage isn t None If it is None then you weren t successful and you need to try a different base station provider If you do have coverage then click OK Confirm Selected Base Files x Rover Files and Matching Base Files OK Rover File Coverage Base File Start Time End Time E test0913 ssf 100 9 13 00 10 51 40am 9 13 00 11 19 10am _ Cancel Help A vcap2570 000 9 12 00 7 59 47pm 9 13700 7 59 42pm 58 UNH Cooperative Extension Reference Position X Reference Position OK Station Latitude 44 5 43 107452 N Cancel Station Longitude 72 34 56 55541 aw _ Cancel 1 i Help m Click on OK when it gives you the base station Station Height HAE 160 544 m Hee reference position information Antenna Height f0m Setkan base kile
44. clination or you may define the vertical and horizontal distances between the GPS position and the feature position Below are illustrations and explanations of these formats from Trimble s Help pages Feature Feature slope Distance eer Inclination Distance R_ GPS GPS Horizontal Distance Bearing The bearing is the angle between North and a line from the observer to the feature The field name contains T or M depending on whether North is true or magnetic Slope Distance The slope distance is the length of a straight line from the observer to the feature Inclination The inclination is the angle between a horizontal line and a line from the observer to the feature When the feature is higher than the observer the inclination is positive Horizontal Distance The horizontal distance is the length of a horizontal line from the observer to a vertical line through the feature Vertical Distance The vertical distance is the distance from the feature to a horizontal line from the observer When the feature is higher than the observer the vertical distance is positive Direction The direction indicates whether the feature is to the left or to the right looking along the direction of collection UNH Cooperative Extension La Y io y Exercise 3 Data Collection In this example we will define the offset using the vertical and horizontal distance To create an offset for a line feature a In Data C
45. collect data a Make sure the Quick Plan utility is active If it is not select Quick Plan from the Utility menu b From the Graphs menu select Skyplot c To interpret the resulting graph imagine laying on your back with your head pointing north Hold the graph above you with the top facing north The lines show the orbits of the satellites The important thing to note is that the satellites do not go over the north pole Although it is not obvious from the skyplot the satellites don t go over the south pole either Don t worry you can still get excellent GPS positions during your next visit to the north and south poles There are a couple of implications to these orbital patterns when collecting data If you are collecting data with a handheld GPS unit position your body to the north in order to block fewer satellites Similarly if you are mapping the position of an object such as a tree place the GPS antennae on the south side of the object so that the object blocks fewer satellites E SkyPlot olx A A TAO l TT 0 00 4 00 8 00 12 00 16 00 20 00 0 00 Time Major tick marks 4 Hours Sampling 10 Minutes UNH Cooperative Extension 17 GPS Manual 6 OPTIONAL Keyboard Entry You can input a location using the Keyboard option 18 Choose a Se 3501 a Make sure the Quick Plan utility is active If it is not select Quick Plan from the Utility menu b From the Session menu select Edit Session
46. con on the lower left corner of the display panel if you are getting real time corrections In fact depending on the quality of the base station data you may introduce inaccuracies into data by post correcting data that were already corrected in real time In this exercise we will show you how to correct only the data that were not corrected in real time a Click on the Differential Correction tool or select Differential Correction from the Utilities menu b Click on Settings c Click on the Code Processing tab Differential Correction Tool e Differential Correction Rover Files Folder C Pfdata GPSWorkshop OK Selected Files Ewa 1121421a ssf Browse f 21508a ssf _ Help Settings Base Files Folder C Pfdata GPS Workshop base Selected Files Local Search _ Intemet Search Search o Bowe Corrected Files Output Folder CAPidata G PS Workshop Browse File Extension cor Processing C Smart Code and Carrier Phase Processing Code Processing Only C Carrier Phase Processing Only Differential Correction 5 Settings x Output Base Options Code Processing Zipped Files Rover Processing Rower Processing Technique i Standard With velocity Filtering Tip Standard processing le the fastest technique Use this setting if your data iz clean collected while stationary and no noise reduction
47. confirm the deletion or F5 to mel PDOP 53 cancel He J TIP To delete all the files in the list press F5 from the delete files menu NOTE If you try to delete a file that has not yet been downloaded from the data logger you will receive a warning that the file has not been downloaded 10 UNH Cooperative Extension Exercise 1 Mission Planning Mission planning requires that you consider what information you need to collect and the best time and place to collect it Pathfinder Office includes a Quick Plan utility that helps you determine the best data collection times based on satellite availability We highly recommend that you complete a mission plan in order to use your time out in the field more efficiently TIP You can download free Quick Plan software and satellite ephemeris data from Trimble s web site to create a mission plan This software and data will allow you to create a mission plan even if you don t own Pathfinder Office software For Quick Plan software go to ftp ftp trimble com pub survey gpsurvey and download the file qkp235 exe For the current almanac go to http www trimble com gpsdataresources html and click on Current Ephermeris Data to download the file la X 1 Start a New Project a Start Pathfinder Office software GPS Pathtind gt NOTE lf this is the first time Pathfinder Office is used since it was installed it will ask 6 you for Time Zone settings See step 3 bel
48. correct but in other instances you may want to edit these values Click on OK Save the edited data dictionary by selecting Save As from the File menu Make sure that you are in the C Pfdata GPSWorkshop folder Name the file ImportedRoads ddf Click on the Save button Exercise 5 Bringing GIS data into your GPS unit BY Untitled Data Dictionary Editor File Edit Options Help DBRS Bel4 7 8 Name Generated by Import Numeric Comment Features 123 CLASS Decimal Places 0 Minimum Maximum 6 Default Default Feature Settings Default Not Set New Feature F3 New Attribute F7 Edit Feature F4 Edit Attribute F8 Delete Feature F5 Delete Attribute F9 Press F1 for help Edit Numeric Attribute x Attribute Name cLass OK Comment cLass Cancel Decimal Places o E Help Minimum i klazimum le Default Field Entry Normal Required Not Permitted Save in 3 GPSWorkshop Ej ql ex Workshop PublicWorks ddf File name ImportedA oads ddf J x Save as type Data Dictionaries ddf v Cancel Help Vi UNH Cooperative Extension 71 GPS Manual 12 fa AY Download the data dictionary onto the data logger To use the data dictionary we imported from our GIS data we will need to download it onto the GPS data logger Data Transfer a Follow step 10 in Exercise 2 to Device o d
49. ct Concord NH from the list f Click on OK Cloverdale NOTE The Quick Plan is good within about a 300 mile radius of the position you select If your intended field collection location is not within a Coeur D alene 300 mile radius of the points listed here you can Columbia designate a different point by using the keyboard Columbia option See optional exercise below Colusa Concord g From the Graphs menu select Number SVs and PDOP _ Take State Province name also Concord NH Local QUESTION Which times of the day would be the best for your mission Which times should you avoid lJ Number SVs and PDOP 12 8 Nsats 4 0 20 16 12 PDOP 0 00 4 00 8 00 12 00 16 00 20 00 0 00 Time Major tick marks 4 Hours Sampling 10 Minutes 16 UNH Cooperative Extension Exercise 1 Mission Planning NOTE Note that although the PDOP values are closely related to the number of satellites available other factors such as the positions of the satellites relative to one another also affect the PDOP TIP Be aware that the PDOP values in the graphs produced by the Quick Plan assume optimum conditions and represent a best case scenario Forest canopies and other obstacles that can block satellite signals will increase the PDOP values thereby degrading the accuracy Y 5 OPTIONAL Skyplot Generate a skyplot to see the satellite paths This information can help you to more efficiently
50. ctions indicator PC card indicator 3 Data Logger Menus Data collection Create new file fl Open existing file Create base file File manager E Delete file s Rename file Copy file s Move file s File transfer Data dictionaries Coordinate system files Configuration GPS rover options Logging options GPS base station options Position filters Communication options Antenna options Coordinate system Initial position Map display options 2D Altitude Navigation options Units and display Time and date Quickmarks Constant offset External sensors Hardware TSC1 Logging options Position filters Reference position Antenna options 6 UNH Cooperative Extension The Basics Utilities ar Waypoints Factory defaults Reset GPS receiver Almanac Disconnect GPS Note Navigation Press Moe to switch modes Y Direction dial a Road Map Press Med to switch modes Map Text mode E Receiver status J Satellite information Press W to switch modes E Text mode Skyplot SNR levels 4 Battery checking and charging a Turn on the data logger The battery icon will be visible at the bottom left of the screen If the data logger is connected to the GPS receiver this icon shows the battery charge of the GPS receiver batteries If the data logger is connected to the computer then this icon shows the charge of the data logger battery b To more precisely determine t
51. d choose the Internet z icon Or you can press the Set up Internet a Connection button gt Set up Internet Connection Do you want to continue T Don t show this message again Trimble provides o guarantee as to the speed or reliability of the download process For questions or support concerning your Internet connection please contact your System Administrator or Internet Service Provider Select a Base Provider Provider Location Distance DK CORS Westford MA Westford M 74km CORS Brunswick ME Brunswick ME 116 km Cancel CORS Montpelier YT Montpelier WT 182 km Wermont Agency of Transportation Montpelier WT 182 km CORS Newport Al Newport AI 184 km CORS Penobscot ME Penobscot ME 227 km Help CORS Montauk Point NY Montauk Point NY 242 km CORS Bar Harbor ME Bar Harbor ME 259 km University of Maine Forest Manage Orono ME 267 km CORS Orono ME Orono ME 267 km CORS East Port ME East Port ME 372 km CORS NJ Institute of Technology Newark NJ 378 km CORS Sandy Hook NJ Sandy Hook NJ 391 km CORS Syracuse NY Syracuse NY 420 km y New lercen Menarment af Envira Trentan N I AFA km Trimble provides no guarantee as to the availability or reliability of the data from the base stations listed here TIP The base station closest to you will generally give you the best corrections The base station must be within 300 miles of your rover NOTE For more inform
52. e Height fee OF Comment Cancel Decimal Places jo Help Minimum jo Maximum FOO Default lo Field Entry Normal Required Not Permitted TIP To avoid inconsistencies when collecting data always include the units for numeric attributes in the attribute name In this example we named the attribute Height feet so that the data collectors know to record the width in feet and not meters c Complete the data dictionary as described in Table 1 Remember that copying and editing existing attributes and features may save you time d When complete click on the Save button in the Data Dictionary Editor or select Save from the File menu e Close the Data Dictionary Editor window 32 UNH Cooperative Extension BY Workshop PublicWorks ddf Data Dictionary Editor File Edit Options Help Press Fl for help gele Sa ej Name R workshop Publicworks Comment Features Attributes E Benches a x Urban Tree gt Landscaping amp gt Parking Lot x Sign 2 Pedestrian Way x Bus Stop x Month D ay Year Auto Generate on Creation No Entry Permitted Default Feature Settings New Feature F3 New Attribute F7 Min Positions 1 Accuracy Code Edit Feature F4 Edit Attribute F8 Log Interval 5 seconds Delete Feature F5 Delete Attribute F9 NUM SCRL 4 Exercise 2 Data Dictionary 11 Download Data Dictionary to Data Logger You wi
53. e 1983 d Change the Zone to New Hampshire 2800 e Select Mean Sea Level f Select Defined Geoid GEOID 96 Conus g Change the Coordinate Units to US Survey Feet h Change the Altitude Units to US Survey Feet i After checking that you set the coordinate system correctly click on OK Exercise 5 Bringing GIS data into your GPS unit Import Setup Properties Sample ArcView S E3 Data ArcView Shapefile Coordinate System Output Current Coordinate System Change Site System Latitude Longitude Zone Datum WGS 1984 Coordinate Units Altitude Units Meters Altitude Reference HAE CAUTION If the input data does not match the coordinate system displayed above the imported data file will contain incorrect positions OK Cancel Default Help Select By ox Cancel Help Jus State Plane 1983 Coordinate System and Zone Site System Zone New Hampshire 2800 Datum NAD 1983 Conus Altitude Measured From Height Above Ellipsoid HAE f Mean Sea Level MSL Geoid Model Defined Geoid GEOID99 Cons Other ead aecinss Conus Coordinate Units Jus Surrey Feet Altitude Units US Survey Feet h NOTE If you are working with data from sources other than GRANIT the coordinate system may be different UNH Cooperative Extension 69 GPS Manual j k You will receive confirmation that the
54. e Urban Tree e Select Point as the C Area Feature Classification f Click on OK g Click on the Default Settings tab OF Cancel Default Help Edit Feature ES Properties Default Settings h You can set the minimum number of positions you want collected for a point feature If the GPS operator collects less than this number of positions the data logger will warn the operator Hinimum Positions f Accuracy Code Logging Interval Time 5 Seconds Df i Keep the accuracy setting as the default Code The alternative Carrier is for survey grade GPS receivers OF Cancel Default Help j Note the logging interval default setting for this point is 5 seconds The logging interval in your data dictionary will supercede the logging interval set on the GPS data logger Read the note and tip below and then determine if you want to change the logging interval setting NOTE The default logging interval is set at 5 seconds because many base stations log at 5 second intervals If you choose a logging interval that is different than the logging interval of your base station then the corrections to your data will result from interpolations rather than from actual measurements For most natural resources applications this interpolation will not introduce significant error You should be aware however that to obtain the most accurate data you would set the logging interval equal
55. e by clicking on it once c Click on the Edit Attribute button Default Value Default Feature Settings Offset Left 0 00m 0 00m Accuracy Log Interval 5 seconds New Feature F3 New Attribute F7 Edit Feature F4 Edit Attribute F8 Delete Feature F5 Press F1 for help NUM SCRL 4 Delete Attribute F9 30 UNH Cooperative Extension d Select the first attribute value Healthy Unhealthy Dead e Click on the Edit button f Change Healthy to Grass g Remove it as the Default option by unchecking the Default box h Click on OK 9 Review skills Edit Attribute Values a Change the remaining attribute values for Landscaping to coincide with those in Table 1 Grass Natural Cultivated and Bare Ground b You will need to choose the tat New button to add the fourth aed attribute value Bare Ground c When your attributes are the same as shown here click on OK Exercise 2 Data Dictionary UNH Cooperative Extension 31 GPS Manual 10 Add a Numeric Attribute a For the Urban Tree Feature add the Height attribute to your data dictionary Note that Height is a numeric attribute b Select the numeric values shown here when defining the Height attribute Pj X Mew Attribut Type C Menu Numeric _ Cancel Text Help C Date C Time C File Name C Separator New Numeric Attribute x Attribute Nam
56. erval for collecting line and area features should depend on the speed at which the rover is moving and the complexity of the feature you are trying to map A more complex feature will require a shorter logging interval Start by using 3s and modify the interval as necessary Not in feature The receiver can log positions even when you are not recording a feature This parameter sets the time interval between logged GPS positions when you are not logging a feature You do not need to log positions between features so leave this set to the default value which is None Velocity Logging of velocity records at the specified interval For most cases you do not need to log velocity records so leave this set at the default value which is None Confirm End features The data logger will ask you to confirm that you are finished collecting position information It is advisable to set this to Yes so that you will know when you have finished collecting data about a feature UNH Cooperative Extension 39 GPS Manual 40 Minimum positions A more precise point location can be obtained by averaging many points This parameter sets the minimum number of points that need to be logged before a point feature can be save without confirmation The data logger will omit a cheerful beep when the minimum number of positions has been reached GRANIT GPS data standards recommend that you collect 20 to 60 position for a point feature Carrier Mode Ca
57. es that are available for export Export Input Files Folder c Pidate GPS4orkshop Selected Files Browse Cancel Help test091 3 cor Dutput Folder e Pidata G FSworkshop E sport Browse Choose an Esport Setup Sample ArcView Shapefile Setup ArcView Shapefile Features Positions and Attributes Combine and output to Export folder Format Type of Export Output Option GIS Coordinate System Site System US State Plane 1983 One New Hampshire 2800 Datum MAD 1983 Conus Coordinate Units US Survey Feet New Delete Properties Export Setup Properties Sample ArcView Coordinate System ArcView Shapetile Position Filter Attributes Units Data Export Menu Attributes As f Attribute Value Code Value 1 Code Value 2 Generated Attributes All Feature Types w POOP ul Correction Status e Recerver Type e Date Recorded e Time Recorded WlUodate Status Output Point Features Height peuertical Precision 2 Horizontal Precision Standard Deviation Area Features Line Features JLenath 2D Length 3D Average Vert Precision 4verage Horiz Precisior Worst Wert Precision wl Worst Horiz Precision Average Vert Precision pu Overage Horiz Precisior Paforst Vert Precision Worst Horiz Precision rea ID El OF
58. etting a projection will distort the data If your data are not projected that is they are in decimal degrees then you can select a projection using the Projection button in ArcView s View Properties dialog box Do not put projected data into the same View as unprojected data You can export GPS data from Pathfinder Office the software that is used to process the data collected with Trimble GPS units so that they are referenced to the same datum and coordinate system as the other data layers in your GIS The Geodetic Tool Kit available at htto www ngs noaa gov T OOLS includes software that converts coordinates transforms datums and more Corpscon available at http crunch tec army mil software corpscon corpscon html is a MS Windows based program which allows the user to convert coordinates between Geographic State Plane and UTM systems on NAD 27 NAD83 and the High Accuracy Reference Networks HARNSs References Defense Mapping Agency December 1983 Geodesy for the Layman Aerospace Center St Louis AFS MO 96 pages Defense Mapping School of the Defense Mapping Agency March 1997 Basic Geodesy Fort Belvoir Virginia 40 pages Environmental Systems Research Institute ArcView GIS version 3 2 Help Pages Redlands CA Funk amp Wagnall s Standard Dictionary 1980 Harper Collins Publisher NY NH GRANIT Users Guide October 1995 Complex Systems Research Center University of New Hampshire Durham NH
59. ger Oz Map SA Configuration Receiver 4 TIP When the data logger software boots up it E Utilities E Se Satelite y automatically will try to connect to GPS satellites It will nun Alias say Connecting to GPS in the lower right corner of the pe e nom e data logger Press the escape button on the Data Logger and it will eventually stop trying to connect to the GPS receiver c Select File Transfer d Leave the data logger on the screen that says Connect cable to PC e Return to the Pathfinder Office software on your computer f Select the Data Transfer tool or from the Utilities menu select Data Transfer Data Transfer Tool ol S EF ES ch UNH Cooperative Extension 49 GPS Manual GIS Datalogger on COM1 LA g Select the Receive tab h Click the Add button i Select Data File aiara p GIS Datalogger on COMI E j Select the file s you want to transfer Hold down the 8 SQUTA control key while clicking on ATR the file names to select more 18 ERICH PC Card than one file at a time k Click on Open I Click on Transfer All c Pfdatasa FSW orkshop m Close the Transfer Completed notice n Close the data transfer window 50 UNH Cooperative Extension i 3 OPTIONAL View your data in Pathfinder Office 2 Set the Coordinate System To avoid problems it is helpful if you immediately set the coordinate system for your Ps O w
60. ham roads Note that we will not complete this exercise during the GPS for GIS workshop it is provided here for your convenience 1 Import Features and Data Dictionary from GIS a From the Utilities menu select Import or click on the Import tool ee e S Er EF Import tool ES a Import Utility l DR Selected Files Cancel b Click on the Browse button MEN Help Qutput File c Ptdata GPSWorkshop 107011 Oa imp Browse Choose an Import Setup Sample ArcView Shapefile Setup T Format Arcv iew Shapetile Type of Import Features with Data Dictionary Output Option Combine input files into one output file GIS Coordinate System Site System Latitude Longitude Zone D atum wS 1984 Coordinate Units New Delete Properties UNH Cooperative Extension 67 GPS Manual c Navigate to the folder GDuhanFioads alal I C GPSforG S DurhamRoads Biiadedurehp d Select the file roadsdur shp e Click on Open pen Shape files hp E E al sl f Click on Properties Sample Arien Shapetile Setup g Select the Data tab CUE No Me selected h Select Features with Data Dictionary as the Type of Data to Import 68 UNH Cooperative Extension 2 Set the Coordinate Systems a Selectthe Coordinate System tab b Click on the Change Settings button Export Xx c To correspond to GRANIT data change the System to US State Plan
61. hat you have already collected an updated almanac UNH Cooperative Extension Exercise 1 Mission Planning a Connect the Data Logger to your computer TIP When your Data Logger software boots up it automatically will try to connect to GPS satellites It will say Connecting to GPS in the lower right corner of the data logger screen Press the lt Esc gt button on the Data Logger and it will eventually stop trying to connect to the GPS receiver Main menu b From the GPS Data Logger Main Menu select File Data M an ager i Kil Collection 4 Avant gt frie manager e Map ee Configuration a rep aya me tel Satellite Utilities information c Select File Transfer ge 4 PDOP 5 3 d Leave the data logger on the screen that says Connect cable to PC e Return to the Pathfinder Office software on your computer Data Transfer olx Device l ss Dataogger on COMT O EDO Deves f From the Utilities menu Connected to Asset Surveyor Receive Send select Data Transfer Files to Receive Data Type Destination g Click the Receive tab h Click the Add button Remove A i Select Almanac from the list of file types you can download Tpanster Al Settings Help Close UNH Cooperative Extension 13 GPS Manual j k Data Transfer x Qutput File Accept the default path and filename that Pat
62. he internal and external battery charge level connect the data logger to the GPS receiver see step 6 Select Configuration from the main menu and press lt Enter gt c Select Hardware TSC1 and press lt Enter gt d You can now read the external receiver and internal data logger battery levels iar v TIP You can generally expect six hours of operation from a set of fully charged batteries Expect less operational time three hours or less from batteries when operating in cold weather UNH Cooperative Extension 7 GPS Manual 5 Battery charging GPS Receiver Batteries a Locate the battery charger TSM yellow charging unit with four battery bays and the AC Adapter b Plug the AC Adapter into the battery charger port labeled POWER IN Push firmly until you feel the plug click into place To remove push down on the black release button and pull c Plug the other end of the AC Adapter into a wall socket d To charge the receiver batteries remove all the batteries requiring charging from the backpack unit unclipping the pair of batteries currently connected to the receiver e Place the batteries into the battery charger being careful to match the metal contacts on the battery with those on the battery charger NOTE The battery charger will assess the charge level of all the batteries which have been inserted and begin charging the lowest battery first A blinking yellow light indicates that the ba
63. he quality of your GPS data YOU MUST CHECK THE CRITICAL SETTINGS BEFORE YOU BEGIN COLLECTING DATA Trimble recommends the settings noted in this table to achieve accuracy of better than 50cm RMS 1ppm times the distance between the base station and the rover The base station collects data at a known point so it can compare the GPS location with the true location and provide a correction factor For now it is important to understand that the settings of your rover are critical to controlling the quality of the data that you collect In this step we will set critical settings to values recommended by Trimble Setting Recommended Value Configuration menu entry Overdet 3D or Manual 3D GPS rover options Position filters PDOP mask GPS rover options Position filters SNR mask GPS rover options Position filters Elevation mask GPS rover options Position filters Main menu a From the Main menu select Configuration He ii 94 Navigation then press lt Enter gt ollection Ef rie manager a Se Configuration EN rial E I Satellite ar Utilities information E PDOP 5 3 Map b Select GPS rover options lt Enter gt GPS raver options Position filters Antenna options i initial position c Select Logging Options 2D altitude d Set the following GPS rover options i Logging Options Point 1s 38 UNH Cooperative Extension 4 Exercise 3 Data Collection Line Area 3s Not
64. hfinder Office assigns to the almanac file by clicking on OK Data Transfer C AProgram Files Common Files Trimble Almanacs Almanac ssf Browse yp OF Cancel Help Device Click on Transfer All fs Daabooeron com O PO Dewees y a ad Connected to Asset Surveyor Receive Send r Files to Receive Almanac 2KB File Sie DataType Destination Almanac C Program Files Common Files T rimbleAlm HenGye Remove ll If there is already an Settings Help Close Data Transfer x almanac file on your computer it will ask you if you would like to overwrite that file Click on Yes Close the Transfer completed notice window n window Click on Close to close the Data Transfer Transfer Completed 1 File s Successfully Transherred The file c Ffdataso FSW orkshops OTL 231a TST contains a detailed log More Details y Close e TIP Make sure your close the Data Transfer window when you are finished transferring so that you don t inadvertently open a second Data Transfer later in your session If you have more than one Data Transfer window open at the same time you may have problems transferring the data 3 Check Time Settings In order to get a correct mission plan the time settings in Pathfinder Office need to be correct NH will be on Eastern Standard or Eastern Day
65. import was completed Close this confirmation Click on the OK in the Import Utility window window Import Completed x 1 Input file s were read 1 feature definitions were found 568 feature s were Found Output file s created c 41010110a imp File impOl07 c txt contains a detailed log Close More Details You can use My Computer or Windows Explorer to look in the C PfData GPSWorkshop folder where you will find a file with a imp extension This is the file you just imported 3 Edit the data dictionary The data dictionary we brought in from our GIS will require editing before we use it in the field We are only interested in collecting attribute information related to the road class attribute so we will delete the other attributes using the data dictionary editor 70 d e f g From the Utility menu select Data Dictionary Editor or click on the Data Dictionary Editor tool Select Import from Data File from the File menu in the Data Dictionary Editor Locate the imp file that you just imported from the GIS data Please note that you may not have as many files in your folder as shown in this figure Click on Open Note that all the attributes from the GIS file have been brought into the data dictionary Select the attribute FNODE_ by single clicking on it Click on the Delete Attribute button UNH Cooperative Extension 2lx a Ea Import From Data File
66. in feature None Velocity None ii Confirm End Features Yes iii Minimum positions 50 iv Carrier Mode Off v Press lt Esc gt when finished TIP Use the Help button on the data logger to learn about the various menu options NOTE The logging options are described below Most of this information was modified from the Trimble Asset Surveyor Help pages Logging intervals Allows the intervals between the logging of feature positions to be specified As noted in Exercise 2 the default logging interval is set at 5 seconds because many base stations log at 5 second intervals If you choose a logging interval that is different than the logging interval of your base station then the corrections to your data will result from interpolations rather than from actual measurements For most natural resources applications this interpolation will not introduce significant error You should be aware however that to obtain the most accurate data you would set the logging interval equal to the base station logging interval The CORS website http www ngs noaa gov CORS provides information about logging intervals for CORS sites Point feature The GPS receiver will try to log a position every second when this parameter is set to 1s GRANIT data collection standards suggest setting this parameter to 1s The Trimble default and suggested value is 5s See the previous paragraph for further explanation Line Area feature The logging int
67. inates transforms datums and more e Corpscon available at http crunch tec army mil software corpscon corpscon html is a MS Windows based program which allows the user to convert coordinates between Geographic State Plane and UTM systems on NAD 27 NAD83 and the High Accuracy Reference Networks HARNSs 5 GPS Manufacturers A list of GPS manufacturers can be found in the Appendix UNH Cooperative Extension 3 The Basics 1 Process Overview Below is an overview of the process for collecting GPS data described in this manual 1 Mission plan Determine best times to collect GPS data Exercise 1 2 Data dictionary Create a data dictionary Exercise 2 or import one from a GIS attribute table Exercise 5 and download onto the data logger 3 Preparation for field work The Basics chapter Assemble GPS unit Check and charge data logger and GPS receiver batteries Check data logger storage space Delete files if necessary Configure critical settings Data collection Exercise 3 Post process data apply differential corrections Exercise 4 Export data to GIS files Exercise 4 Oy Ol 2 Data logger PC card Function keys 8 Multi directional arrow key Backspace key A Second function key Caps lock key On Off key DW Help key To receiver HR Power data cable UNH Cooperative Extension GPS Manual Screen title Icons in Main menu Number of SVs used to compute position Real time corre
68. ith no claims of accuracy or completeness The list is available on the web at http www mitre org technology cots GPS MAN html Manufacturer Name 3S Navigation Allen Osburne Associates Apelco Marine Electronics now Raytheon Marine Arbiter Systems Inc Ashtech Inc Austron Inc Azimuth Ltd Ball Efratom Division Bancomm Timing Division of Datum Inc Bendix King Canadian Marconi Company Centennial Technologies Commercial Equipment Corvallis Microtechnology Inc Datum Inc Del Norte Technology Inc Eagle Electronics Furuno Electric Co Ltd Furuno USA Inc Garmin Corp Geotronics of North America Inc Honeywell hopf Elektronik GmbH II Morrow Inc Interphase Technologies Interstate Electronics Corp ITT Avionics Japan Radio Co Ltd Japan Japan Radio Co Ltd USA JcAir Leica AG Switzerland Leica Navigation and Positional Web Address or Phone www 3snavigation com WWW a0a gps com www apelco com products year2000 html 1 603 881 9605 www datum com www eagle electronics com www jcair com 41 71 70 33 84 Division California Leica Inc Georgia Lowrance Electronics Inc Magellan Corporation Marinetex Micrologic Systems Inc Motorola GPS Products 1 310 791 5300 www leica gps com http www magellangps com 1 800 669 4477 http www micrologic com ph 1 818 998 1216 1 632 631 4820 www mot com ACCES GPS products gps prod html NavStar Systems Ltd N
69. ive Extension Exercise 4 Data Correction and Export extensions For example these three point generic files could be renamed BusStopsasof092303 shp BusStopsasof092303 shx BusStopsasof092303 dbf NEVER use Spaces or odd characters in shapefile names You will eventually run into serious problems if you use shapefiles with spaces or unusual characters in the file name 11 Stay Organized Keeping your GPS and GIS data organized is challenging but very important Now that you have created shapefiles for use with your GIS take a moment to copy your new shapefiles to a clearly labeled folder where you keep your GIS folder You may also want to consider creating a metadata file that documents your GPS data so that it can be used effectively by you and others in the future Contact the GRANIT Project at UNH s Complex Systems Research Center for information on metadata standards www granit sr unh edu UNH Cooperative Extension 65 Exerc ise 5 Bringing GIS data into your GPS unit You can import information from a GIS to your GPS unit You may want to import mapped features to use as background when checking the location of your points Alternatively when updating or adding to existing GIS data you can import the data dictionary from your GIS database Data can be imported in the following formats e ArcView Shapefile e dBASE e MapInfo MIF In this exercise we will import the data dictionary and features from an ArcView shapefile Dur
70. light time as noted below 1 Sunday in April last Saturday in October Eastern Daylight Savings Time Last Sunday in October 1 Saturday in 14 UNH Cooperative Extension April Eastern Standard Time 7 The File CAProgram Files Common Files Trimble Almanacs Almanac ssf already exists Do you wantto overwrite it a To check the time setting in Pathfinder Office from the Options menu select Time Zone b Select Eastern Day or Eastern Std depending on the time of year 4 Generate Quick Plan a Click on the Quick Plan button or from the Utilities menu select Quick Plan Today 1 1 90 Tomorrow 1 2 90 Day after tomorrow 1 3 90 lt Prev month January 90 Next Month gt EE A EI RC EA A CI CA A PE ET a peapa jaa jas 223 2021 201 27 BEE ETT date julian Selected date b Select the date that you will be collecting data c Click on OK Exercise 1 Mission Planning Time Zone Settings x Time Zone DE Easter Day USA Cancel Time difference trom UTC 04 00 a New Time Zone Delete Quick Plan nie S dale moje le OK Cancel UNH Cooperative Extension 15 GPS Manual Edit Point durham Name d There are several ways to select a position on which the Quick Plan will be based An easy way to identify the position is to click on Cities Latitude 43 8 U Longitude FO 45 0 World Map World e Sele
71. ll need to download the data dictionary to the data logger in order for it to be used in the field x TIP To import a data dictionary from your GIS see Exercise 5 a Connect the data logger to your computer See The Basics chapter TIP When your Data Logger software boots up it automatically will try to connect to y GPS satellites It will say Connecting to GPS in the lower right corner of the data logger Press the lt Esc gt button on the Data Logger and it will eventually stop trying to connect to the GPS receiver b Select File Manager from the Main Mal menu ain menu D cial Senin c Select File transfer The data logger frie a Ma screen will read Connect cable to e EJ aan Ga A PC Sz Configuration Ea creia Ej Utilities g Satellite d Return to your computer In Pathfinder men ee Office select Data Transfer from the E PDOP 3d Utilities menu l TIP If you did not successfully complete Data Transfer steps a C YOU will Unable to establish a connection with device Ensure the cable is connected the device is turned on and is in data receive the error transfer mode if necessary message shown here ok To solve this problem click on OK and recheck steps a c UNH Cooperative Extension 33 GPS Manual e Click on the Send tab since we will be sending the data dictionary from the computer to the data logger f Click on the Add Button ENE g Select
72. n Offset in the Feature Properties window and you will have the option to change the offset parameters Y 11 OPTIONAL Background maps You can also view maps of the data you collect or data you download from a GIS see Exercise 5 a From the data logger s Main menu select Map press lt Enter gt b Press Options F2 from the bottom menu If Options is not available press F5 to see additional menu items c Note the items you may choose to Show or Hide d Use the arrow keys to scroll to Background file at the bottom of the list Use the right arrow key to select a file to use as background for your map UNH Cooperative Extension 47 Exerc se 4 Data Correction and Export Correcting the data collected with your rover with information collected from a base station is critical to obtaining more accurate data especially if your data were not corrected in real time i e with base station data transferred by a beacon or satellite service If your data have real time corrections you may not want post process as this could possibly add errors to your corrected data In this exercise we will show you how to post process your data and export into an ArcView Shapefile format 1 Downloading from the GPS a Connect the data logger to your computer see The Basics chapter Main menu b From the GPS data logger Main menu select File E Data Yu Navigation Manager Kil conection E El mana
73. n define and edit a curtain during an Remove Pt d Select the Time gt gt button to refine the graph to show only the times that you are able to do your field work If you input your start time and duration how long you will be out in the field then Quick Plan will automatically calculate the stop time when you click on OK Likewise if you input the start time and the stop time Quick Plan will automatically calculate the duration Remember when inputting times that Quick Plan uses a 24 hour clock also known as military time so 4 00 pm should be inputted at 16 00 When you are finished recording your information click on OK Exercise 1 Mission Planning 12 15 00 4 00 Sails all points from Session E Date gt gt Session Time gt gt Combined Curtains gt gt Create gt gt Point Curtain gt gt Receiver ID at pt Edit Pt gt gt Cancel Enter Start amp Stop times x Time is Local Time using 24 hr clock start Time 9 00 12 15 00 Duration 7 00 Stop Time 16 00 12 15 00 OK Cancel Click on OK in the Edit session window and the graph will automatically update itself to the new parameters that you have set If there is no graph showing from the Graph menu select Number SV s and PDOP UNH Cooperative Extension 21 Exerc se 2 Data Dictionary Information for a database can be collected along with the GPS derived positional information by develo
74. nd software currently being used by project staff They should not be assumed to apply to every project or every system as typically standards must be set based upon a project s specific requirements For example there is no single standard with respect to where a user should stand while collecting GPS data that is appropriate for all data collection needs In a historic resources inventory it may be appropriate for the user to stand at the front door of each building whereas for a land cover assessment the user may aim for the center of a 30m x 30m Landsat TM image pixel GRANIT strongly advises that users review this document and augment and or modify it by developing specific standards to reflect the specific type of data they are collecting and their anticipated usage of that data Hardware and Software The GRANIT project uses Trimble Pro XRS systems with Asset Surveyor v 5 10 These are mapping grade units with the capacity to receive real time correction and to collect store and transfer data Each unit also carries a subscription for satellite differential service Pathfinder Office v 2 70 is used to transfer data to and from GIS applications and to post process any points collected without real time correction Settings Coordinate System and Units All GRANIT data are referenced to the New Hampshire State Plane Coordinate System Zone 4676 FIPSZONE 2800 and use the NAD 83 North American Datum 1983 geodetic control based on the
75. nds on the datum that was used Y 9 OPTIONAL Skyplots You can see a map of the satellites while you are collecting data a From the data logger s Main menu select Satellite Information UNH Cooperative Extension 45 GPS Manual b The map will show you the satellites the GPS receiver is currently tracking c Press Mode F1 to see a chart of the signal to noise SNR ratio for each satellite that the receiver is tracking Note that there is a line on the graph that indicates the SNR filter you defined Satellites with a SNR less than your designated filter are will available to contribute data to any features you collect until their SNR meets your requirements d Press Mode F1 to see a table of the satellites being tracked their SNR Elevation and Bearing BR Y 40 OPTIONAL Offsets 46 You may want to collect the position of a feature without actually having the GPS antenna at that feature For example you may want to record the centerline of a road but you don t want to walk or drive down the middle of the road Alternatively a large obstruction such as a cliff or building may block satellite signals making data collection difficult or impossible You can still collect positions for features under these circumstances by standing away from the feature and defining the offset from your position to the feature There are two formats you may use to define your offset You may define the slope distance and in
76. ollection mode start a new line feature and press lt Enter gt b Select offset from the soft keys You will need to first select F5 to see the second set of softkey options then select F3 for offset c Select the format that requires direction horizontal distance and vertical distance by pressing F2 until this format appears d To choose direction press the right arrow from the circular disk and select left or right Remember the left or right is relative the direction you are traveling when collecting the line e Type in the appropriate horizontal and vertical distances Note the units when inputting the distances You will create errors if you input the distances in feet and the unit indicates that it is expecting the distances in meters TIP To change the distance units press the Menu button From the main menu select Configuration Select Units and display At the distance option press the right arrow and select the units of your choice Press lt Enter gt to choose the units and then press lt Enter gt again to actually make the change If you forget to press lt Enter gt the second time the desired change will not take place when you are in data collection mode Press the Next button to return to data collection TIP You can also set or change offsets in Pathfinder Office Open the GPS file in Pathfinder Office and select the feature of interest in the map window From the Data menu select Feature Properties Click o
77. on of Land Surveying and Restrictions on Practicing Surveying GRANIT GPS Data Collection Standards List of GPS manufacturers CORS base station data coverage Northeast The Cooperative CORS program Map of Coast Guard DGPS site coverage Technical Notes from Trimble Characterizing the Accuracy of Trimble Pathfinder Mapping Receivers Interpreting Accuracy of Pathfinder Office Mapping Receivers Using Standard Deviation Logo plotting in Pathfinder Office Software Geodesy Notes for GPS and GIS Applications Geodesy j 0d c s The science dealing with the determination and representation of the shape area and curvature of the earth from the Greek ge earth daiein to divide Who cares about geodesy Life may have been simpler when we thought the Earth was flat but our maps werent very accurate It is generally necessary to be able to estimate the size and shape of the Earth to accurately map features on the Earth s surface For this reason the science of geodesy has developed increasingly accurate methods of calculating the Earth s size and shape While you don t need to understand the details of the calculations in order to use GIS or GPS technologies it is helpful to Know a few basic concepts and the geodetic characteristics of your data in order to avoid errors and frustrations Overview Scientists have been approximating the shape of the earth for many centuries As we know the earliest concept of the ear
78. on t need to create a new data file for each new feature that you record You can have many different features in a single data file TIP Pressing lt Esc gt while collecting a feature will abandon the feature i e not save Q the data you just collected for this feature Pressing lt Enter gt while collecting a feature will result in saving the data you collected for the feature In both cases the data logger will prompt you to confirm that you want to either abandon or save the feature 6 Field Data Collection Assignment Below is a list of suggested data collection practice activities Read the tips that follow for suggestions when collecting data a Collect at least one point feature that corresponds to a feature in your data dictionary e g urban trees sign bus stop Collect the attribute information associated with that feature UNH Cooperative Extension 43 GPS Manual 44 Ez y b Collect at least one line feature that corresponds to a feature in your data dictionary e g Pedestrian Way Collect the attribute information associated with that feature Collect at least one area feature that corresponds to a feature in your data dictionary e g landscaping parking lot Remember that when collecting an area feature the software will automatically connect your first and last positions Collect the attribute information associated with that feature Collect a line feature as you walk to a nearby fo
79. onal coordinate systems are often used The coordinate system for GRANIT data is NH State Plane The units are US Survey Feet Figure 2 shows the NH State Plane coordinate system and its origin Note that the origin is intentionally placed well outside of the state boundaries in order to ensure that all coordinates values will be positive 250 000 500 000 Figure 2 NH State Plane Coordinate Grid It is critical that the data layers be based on the same datum projection coordinate system and units when combining data in a GIS Table 1 summarizes GRANIT s geodetic control characteristics Be aware that when combining GRANIT data with data from other sources the geodetic control characteristics should be the same Table 1 Summary of GRANIT Geodetic Control Datum NAD 83 Ellipsoid Spheroid GRS 80 Projection Transverse Mercator Coordinate System NH State Plane Zone 4676 Units US Survey Feet Tools and Tips to Address Geodetic Issues Below are some tools and tips to address geodetic issues that you may encounter ArcView GIS version 3 3 has an extension the Projection Utility Wizard that allows you to convert projections and datums Additional ArcView scripts and extensions are available at http arcscripts esri com Use the Search by category option and select ArcView Views Projections and Extents When using data that are already projected in ArcView you do not need to set a projection S
80. orrect your data are automatically placed in this folder TIP Use the Pfdata folder for all of your Pathfinder Office projects and you will always know where to find your GPS data Create different project folders within the Pfdata to separate your various projects f Use My Computer or Windows Explorer to find the project folders you just created Pathfinder Office will place your data into these folders 2 Download Almanac 12 The almanac is a set of data that are used to predict satellite orbits over a period of about a month Pathfinder Office requires an almanac that is no more than 30 days old to produce accurate results because satellite orbits change new satellites are launched and old satellites may cease to function adequately If you haven t downloaded an almanac within the last 30 days the software will warn you that the almanac is out of date and you will need to download an almanac file from the Data Logger or from Trimble s web site Following is information on downloading the almanac from the Data logger see Tip at beginning of exercise for information on downloading the almanac information from Trimble s web site The GPS receiver will automatically download an almanac from the satellites when it is in use You need to have the GPS receiver logging this satellite information for about 15 minutes to update the almanac You can then download the almanac from the GPS data logger to your computer These directions assume t
81. ow for information on setting New Hampshire s time zones Select Project b Start a new project by clicking on the New button l Project Name WorkshopPreparation o Comment Monday January 01 1990 12 9 54M Help Default folder hor Project Folder CMorkshopPreparation Backup files CMorkshopPreparation backup Export files CMW orkshopPreparationexport Base files Cw orkshopFreparations base Hew Remove Modify e Display this dialog at start up UNH Cooperative Extension 11 GPS Manual Project Folders Xx c Type in GPSWorkshop as the aPSWokshop SSCS Project Name Project Hame GPSworkshop E t d Click on the Project Folder Commen Monday January 01 1990 5 2 454M box If it doesn t appear Project Folder C5Pidata GPS workshop Sn automatically type in Backup Folder backup Browse c Pfdata GPSWorkshop Export Folder export Browse e Click on OK Baze File Folder base Browse OK Cancel Default Help NOTE Pathfinder Office software helps you to stay organized by creating folders for you In this step we have created the following folders C Pfdata GPSWorkshop backup Pathfinder Office will automatically back up data files to this folder C Pfdata GPSWorkshop export Files you export from Pathinder Office are automatically placed in this folder C Pfdata GPSWorkshop base Base station files you download from the internet to c
82. ownload the data dictionary onto the EXE z BO ECO poi oe tA da ta logger onnected to Asset Surveyor m Files to Send b Note that the data dictionary imported add ImportedRoads 1KB Data Dict C Pfdata GPS Workshop lmportedR oads ddf into the data logger will have the name Serre Generated by Import The data ae dictionary file on your computer will still fee have the name you assigned ImportedRoads ddf You can now use _LionsterAl th i S d ata d icti on ary when CO lecti ng Il Retain File List for this Data Transfer Session Settings Help Close data OPTIONAL Download the feature map onto the data logger You will need to download the data dictionary to the data logger in order for it to be used in the field a Connect the data logger to your computer TIP When your Data Logger software boots up it automatically will try to connect to GPS satellites It will say Connecting to GPS in the lower right corner of the data logger Press the lt Esc gt button on the Data Logger until it stops trying to connect to the GPS receiver b Select File Manager from the Main Main menu menu _ a Navigation c Select File transfer The data logger frie manager Oz Map screen will read Connect cable to Fa PC reat Receiver a Configuration 2 status A U utiliti 22 Satellite an Vulltes information E a PDOP S3 UNH
83. ping a data dictionary The data dictionary in essence is simply a form that one fills out when collecting data You can control which features are collected and what information about those features is recorded Information about features is referred to as attributes Using a data dictionary rather than a paper form saves time and effort in transcribing from the paper form to your database and prevents transcription errors You can also require that specific information be collected or restrict data entry to certain parameters lt is also often faster to record information when using a data dictionary because it minimizes the use of data logger keys for data input By using a data dictionary you can also insure that the GPS attribute data will be compatible with your GIS database 1 Scenario Public works would like to inventory its assets and maintain a database with information regarding the condition and maintenance requirements of these items Below is a table showing the features to be collected The attribute columns show what information about those features will be collected You will create this data dictionary in class and use it during the GPS data collection exercise Table 1 Feature Feature Attribute Attribute Attribute Values Type Type Name Urban Trees Point a i Deciduous Te Breen a Healthy Unhealthy Dead Date Visited Auto Generate on Creation field entry not permitted Il Comments Height feet
84. pproximates one area of the Earth may not adequately represent another area Fig 1 Note also that the term spheroid which is an ellipse that approximates a sphere is sometimes used when referring to the Earth s ellipsoid Figure 1 The Geoid and Two Ellipsoids An ellipsoid is used to approximate the shape of the geoid which is shown in grey Different ellipsoids are used for different areas of the Earth In this figure the ellipsoid labeled A fits the geoid very well for N America but does not fit well for the other continents shown in the figure Modified from Defense Mapping School 1997 A datum sometimes referred to as a geodetic datum is a reference model of the Earth which is designed to best fit the geoid Datums are defined by the size and shape of the ellipsoid and its location relative to the center of the Earth or relative to a point on the surface of the Earth Different datums are used to describe the different areas of the Earth NH GRANIT data are based on NAD 83 North American Datum 1983 which incorporates the GRS 80 ellipsoid Geodetic Reference System 1980 GPS coordinates are normally based on the WGS 84 World Geodetic System 1984 datum which incorporates an ellipsoid that is almost identical to the GRS 80 ellipsoid NAD 83 and WGS 84 for all practical purposes are equivalent Another commonly used datum NAD 27 incorporates the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid GIS data based on two different datums will not
85. rection data are available This setting provides the greatest flexibility RTK mode RTK real time kinematic is only relevant if you are working with a survey grade receiver The Trimble Pathfinder Pro XR s are not survey grade receivers IMPORTANT PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE OTHER DEFAULTS IN CONFIGURATION Exception you may change the Coordinate System to correspond to the coordinate system of the map you may be using 5 Collecting Data Main menu gt Sa Navigation a From the Main menu select Data Erie manager De Map Collection lt Enter gt ES Receiver a Configuration status oe El EA Satellite E Utilities k information E PDOP 53 UNH Cooperative Extension 41 GPS Manual 42 Data collection Create nev file Open existing f b Select Create new file Create base file c File name Use the default file name provided by the software This name is coded by the following formula R MM DD HH x R Rover The GPS receiver that is out in the field collecting data is known as a Rover while the GPS receiver that is collecting data at a known point is referred to as a base station MM current month DD current day of the month HH current hour of the day x indicates increments within the hour For example a is the first file for the hour b is the second file etc In this example RO92304A indicates that the files was collected by a Rover on September
86. ressing lt Esc gt repeatedly until you are back at the main menu From the Main menu select Data Collection lt Enter gt Select Create new file lt Enter gt Note that the default data dictionary is YourName Public Works To see the other data dictionaries available press on the right arrow Press lt Enter gt to accept the defaults You may want to change the filename to test so that you know you can delete this file later Note that the start feature menu lists all the features you included in the data dictionary In addition you can choose generic point line and area features To leave the data collection mode press lt Esc gt on the data logger Confirm that you are exiting data collection by selecting Yes F1 on the data logger keypad UNH Cooperative Extension 35 Exerc se 3 Data Collection 1 BEFORE You Go Assemble the GPS unit You don t want to find when you are out in the field that you forgot a cable Assemble the unit before you go UNH Cooperative Extension units are color coded to help you connect the cables correctly See The Basics chapter for instruction on assembling the unit FIN 29653 00 Integrated GPS Beacon Antenna P N 22628 Antenna Cable 2 BEFORE You Go Check the Batteries You should check the batteries for the GPS receiver and for the data logger Note that even new batteries will often not show a charge of 100 The batteries for the GPS receiver are more likely to r
87. rested area Collect at least one point feature under a tree canopy For fun you can try writing your initials by collecting points as you walk a path that spells out your initials Remember that to accurately collect curved features you need to collect points frequently along the curve If necessary decrease the logging interval for the line feature so that you can efficiently collect points along curves QUESTION How did the experience of collecting data under a forest canopy compare with TIP TIP collecting data in the open What do you do when you can t get a signal i The best way to avoid this situation is to create a mission plan Exercise 1 and plan your field time to correspond to the times when the greatest number of satellites will be present ii Do the shuffle Move a few feet or even just lean a few inches in various directions to eliminate obstacles that may be blocking the path between the satellites and the antenna Be aware that the further you move the greater error you may add to the positional data the GPS receiver collects ii Remember that there are no satellites over the North pole Position the GPS antenna to the south of obstructions so that they don t block satellite signals iv If you are willing to accept poorer quality data you can raise the PDOP mask or lower the Signal to Noise Ratio SNR According to Trimble you should first try to raise the PDOP mask first Do not lower the eleva
88. rrier mode enables the receiver to collect Carrier Phase data Carrier phase data are for surveying purposes and require more elaborate processing requirements We shut off the carrier mode since it is for Surveyors needs e Select Position Filters lt Enter gt i Position Manual 3D ii Elevation 15 degrees iii SNR 6 or 8 8 will give higher quality readings than 6 iv PDOP 6 or 8 6 will give higher quality readings than 8 v PDOP Switch This number isnt relevant when the position mode is Manual 3D vi Apply real time Auto vii RTK mode This option is not relevant for these GPS receivers viii Press lt Menu gt when finished NOTE Below is information to help you understand the relevance of these critical settings Most of this information was modified from the Trimble Asset Surveyor Help pages Position mode Position Mode controls the number of satellites the receiver uses to calculate the GPS position The choices are Manual 3D The receiver uses at least four satellites This setting usually yields the most accurate GPS positions Auto 2D 3D The receiver uses four or more satellites when it is able to but when the number of usable satellites falls to three it will compute 2D positions using the last known altitude This mode greatly affects the accuracy of the position and is not recommended for most users collecting data for a GIS Manual 2D The receiver will always
89. sition Filter Coordinate System ArcView Shapefile Position Filter Criteria Filter by GPS Position Info Minimum Satellites 20 3 or more SVs Maximum PDOP Any v This box needs to be checked if you want to export uncorrected data Uncorrected Iv Pir Code Include Positions That 4re MV Realtime Differential Y RTK Fixed M RTK Float V Phase Processed Float V Differential V Phase Processed Fixed C Filter By Precision 68 confidence Horeontel Precision ny Verical Frecisign ny Y Include Non GPS Positions M Evcort Reatures ihat deve No Posie OK ancel Default Help 10 Rename your GPS export files 64 When you export your GPS data using Pathfinder Office the software automatically names the exported shapefiles the same name as the feature For example if your feature was collected as a Point Generic it will name the exported shapefiles point_gen shp point_gen shx point_gen dbf There are two potential problems with this one the file names aren t necessarily useful for remembering and archiving your data and two the next time you export a Generic Point you risk overwriting your data We highly recommend that you take the time to rename your shapefiles to something useful Remember to rename all three files associated with the shapefile to the same name but don t change the file extension ArcView will needs to know the exact file UNH Cooperat
90. te system iv If you are using GRANIT GIS data select the coordinate system as indicated here system US State Plane 1983 Zone New Hampshire Altitude Measured From Mean Sea Level Defined Geoid Coordinate Units US Survey Feet Altitude Units US Survey Feet v Click OK in the Export window vi Do not click OK in the Export Setup window until you define the attribute export information in the next step 62 UNH Cooperative Extension Export Setup Sample ArcView Shapefile 5 System Attributes Coordinate System Units Format Position Filter Use Export Coordinate System Change Site System US State Plane 1983 Zone New Hampshire 2800 D atum NAD 1983 Conus Coordinate Units Feet Altitude Units Feet Altitude Reference MSL Use Current Display Coordinate System Site Sustem rnwesal ransverse Mercator Zone Ort Patum FA Ses ore Eocramate Urita Meters Ait Orit Meters Altitude Reference Mei Export Coordinates As wy eye OF Cancel Default Help OF Carcel Help Jus State Plane 1983 Select By f Coordinate System and Zone Site System Zone New Hampshire 2800 ki Datum NAD 1983 Cornus Altitude Measured From 7 Height Above Ellipsoid HAE f Mean Sea Level MSL Geoid Model f Defined Geoid GEOID99 Conus Other senta GE0ICS9 Conus Coordinate Units Jus
91. th s shape was that of a sphere This notion reached in the 6th century BC was based largely on celestial observations and particularly on observations of the lunar eclipse However by the end of the 1600 s it was generally accepted that the Earth was shaped like an ellipsoid not a sphere An ellipsoid is simply an ellipse rotated on its shorter axis This notion of an imperfectly shaped earth was based on the work of Newton and others who determined that the earth spinning on its axis would produce bulging at the center and flattening at the poles Over time geodesists have figured out that the Earth is actually shaped like a lumpy potato that is its shape is irregular This representation of the Earth s shape is referred to as the geoid The notion of an irregular shape is not a reference to topographic influences such as mountains and valleys In fact these topographic variations are considered trivial in the overall calculation of the geoid Rather the irregular shape takes into account variations in the density of the earth s crust which lead to varying gravitational pulls The geoid is a very irregular shape compared to an ellipsoid Mathematically it is impractical to define the geoid so an ellipsoid is used as an approximation for most mapping applications The size and shape of the ellipsoid used to approximate the Earth s shape varies depending on what area of the Earth is of interest Note that an ellipsoid which a
92. tion mask because it may cause you problems when you try to apply differential corrections to your data How can you collect an area feature with straight edges If you know that an area feature has straight edges you can collect data just at the corners and the software will draw straight lines to connect your corner positions To do this UNH i Start an area feature and collect a position for a corner ii Press the Pause key F1 iii Walk to the next corner iv Press the Resume key F1 v Collect the position for this corner and press the Pause key F1 vi Continue in this manner until you are at the last corner The software when collecting an area feature will automatically connect your first and last positions Cooperative Extension Exercise 3 Data Collection i 7 OPTIONAL Saving a Nested Feature While collecting line or area data you can temporarily stop collecting the line or area and collect a point For example if you are mapping trails you may want to collect the location of a feature of interest or an interpretive sign You can nest this feature and then resume collecting the trail data a b d e While collecting the line or area feature select nest F3 from the bottom menu If you don t see nest as an option click on the right arrow F5 to view additional menu items You must be in the data collection menu to see these options Select Point_generic or another point feat
93. ttery is being charged A solid yellow light indicates that the battery is waiting to be charged The battery is fully charged when the light turns green TIP A red light indicates problems Check that the battery is correctly inserted into the battery charger NOTE Do not expect batteries to show 100 charge after charging They generally cannot achieve 100 capacity 6 Battery charging Data Logger Batteries a Connect the battery charger and the AC Adapter as described in steps 4a 4c b Locate the download charging cables in the zip lock bag c Disconnect the two cables and plug the male end of the coiled data logger cable labeled yellow into the battery charger port labeled DATA LOGGER labeled yellow d Plug the other end of the data logger cable labeled green into the bottom data logger port Y 1 P N38246 00 Trimble Support Module TSM Q 2 PIN 14284 TSM extension cable TIP During charging the data logger battery level 3 P N32287 00 TSC1 data power cable 4 TSC1 datalogger can be assessed by going to the Hardware TSC1 option in the Configuration menu 8 UNH Cooperative Extension The Basics NOTE Do not expect batteries to show 100 charge after charging They cannot always achieve 100 capacity 7 Connecting the data logger to the GPS receiver and antenna a Open the backpack and locate the coiled data logger cable This cable should be attached to Port B of
94. uired to remove the software when they return the GPS units Failure to remove the software jeopardizes the GPS loan program 4 Places to go for Additional Information GPS Education e List of GPS Resources http goshome ssc nasa gov content aspx s res e DNR Garmin freeware that allows you to export data from a Garmin into an ArcView Shapefile http www dnr state mn us mis qgis tools arcview extensions DNRGarmin DNRG armin html e USA PhotoMaps freeware that downloads data from a handheld GPS onto a topographic map or aerial photo that the software retrieves from the web Available at http www jdmcox com e GPS tutorial http www trimble com gps index htm e The Geographer s Craft Project htto www colorado Edu geography gcraft notes gps gps f html e GPS Resource Library http www gpsy com gpsinfo e GPS World Magazine http www gpsworld com e Variety of helpful information related to GPS _http gpsinformation net e Geocaching a GPS sport http www geocaching com Geodesy and Other Related Topics e Coordinate system overview http www ncgia ucsb edu education curricula giscc units u013 u013 html e Map and compass training http www nwcg gov pms training map_comp pdf e Survey and Land Glossary http www or blm gov NILS welcome htm 2 UNH Cooperative Extension Introduction e The Geodetic Tool Kit available at htto www ngs noaa gov TOOLS includes software that converts coord
95. un down than the battery for the data logger and should be carefully monitored Note that there is a spare set of batteries for the GPS receiver in the backpack so you can change batteries out in the field Make sure that you check the charge on the spare set as well P N 24333 Dual Battery Cable PIN 32287 00 TSC1 Data Cable 1 2 3 i 4 3 FN 30232 00 NMEA ATCM Cable 6 7 amp 9 TSC1 datalogger a See The Basics chapter for instructions on checking and charging the batteries 3 BEFORE You Go Check Data Logger Storage Space The data logger has 1 781 MB of storage space available for your files and data dictionaries Make sure that there is adequate space on the logger before you go out in the field While still in the office you can download files onto your computer before you delete them The storage space can be increased with the insertion of a PC card into the data logger Data l collection a From main menu select Data Collection qe PRESA Receiver status fe Po ss UNH Cooperative Extension 37 GPS Manual Create new file Filename ROS23044 Data dictionary Des _ f c b Select Create new file c The last item on the Create new file menu tells you the amount of storage space is available d See The Basics chapter for information on deleting files NE 6 PP sa 4 BEFORE You Go Configure Critical Settings Critical settings are those that will affect t
96. ure from your data dictionary press lt Enter gt Record any attribute information you wish to record while the point data are being collected Press lt Enter gt when you are finished recording points and confirm that you want to store the feature The data logger will automatically resume collecting data for the feature you were recording before you nested the point i 8 OPTIONAL Checking coordinates You can check the coordinates and other characteristics of features you have collected a b c d e f g h j From the data logger s Main menu select Data Collection Select Open existing file Use the right arrow key to see a menu of files that are currently in the data logger Scroll down the list using the arrow keys to select the file of interest Press lt Enter gt Note that the screen now gives you information about the file size time date etc Press lt Enter gt again to review the contents of the file Select one of the features in the file using the arrow keys To view the position information select Pos F2 from the bottom menu If you don t see Pos as a menu option select the F5 to view additional menu options Depending on the feature type you may need to indicate if you want to see for example the beginning of the line or the end of the line Select your option and press lt Enter gt You can now see the coordinates for the feature Please note that the type of coordinates depe
97. use the best three satellites available even when there are more satellites available This mode is not recommended for most users collecting data for a GIS Overdetermined 3D The receiver will only log positions when there are at least five satellites available This mode yields the most consistently accurate GPS positions Elevation mask The elevation mask restricts the GPS receiver to use only satellites that are above a certain angle relative to the horizon Any satellites below this angle will not be used to UNH Cooperative Extension Exercise 3 Data Collection record positions The rover s elevation must always be set above the base station s elevation mask The default base station elevation mask is 10 degrees the default rover elevation mask is 15 degrees SNR mask The SNR Signal to Noise Ratio mask restricts the GPS receiver to using only satellites with a relatively low signal to noise ratio A ratio above 20 is very good and an SNR ratio above 6 0 is satisfactory PDOP Mask PDOP Position Dilution of Precision is a unitless measure which indicates the satellite geometry that is where the satellites are relative to one another PDOP less than or equal to 4 provides gives excellent positions PDOP between 5 and 8 is acceptable PDOP greater than or equal to 9 is poor Apply real time Setting the apply real time parameter to auto results in the logging of all GPS positions whether or not the real time cor
98. y data a From the Options menu select Coordinate System b Set the coordinate system so that it is the same coordinate system that GRANIT data are in System US State Plane 1983 Zone New Hampshire Altitude Measured From Mean Sea Level Defined Geoid Coordinate Units US Survey Feet Altitude Units US Survey Feet c After double checking that all the parameters are set correctly click on OK Exercise 4 Data Correction and Export x Select By OK Coordinate System and Zone Site Help system Jus State Plane 1983 y Zone New Hampshire 2800 ba Datum NAD 1983 Conus Altitude Measured From Mean Sea Level MSL C Height Above Ellipsoid HAE Geoid Model C Other Defined Geoid GEOID99 Conus Geoid GEOID99 Ci onus Coordinate Units lus Survey Feet y Altitude Units US Survey Feet NOTE For more information about coordinate systems and GRANIT s geodetic control see the Geodesy Notes in the Appendix It can be useful to look at your data in Pathfinder Office before exporting it to a GIS Pathfinder Office allows you to view your data combine it with other data and print a map It has fewer display options than a GIS program but it s mapping abilities may be adequate for some needs a From the View menu select Map If there is a check next to Map in the View menu then your map window is already open b

GPS User Manual - University of New Hampshire Cooperative

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