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BusWorks 900EN-S005 Ethernet Switch

1. You can use this switch to build a network of Acromag Ethernet modules CONNECTIONS similar to that shown below This drawing shows how to network connect this switch to a host PC and four Acromag Series 9xxEN Ethernet I O Network modules USE OF AN ETHERNET SWITCH TO NETWORK i EEE A HOST PC TO MORE THAN ONE MODULE 1 Acre SHEN S005 Acrom aj 5Pat Ethemet Switch The aharet pot of the PC is a orequvalert generally not automatic MDI VDI X m n I crossover andis wired MO ae The ethene pats of this Fw switch are automatic MDI MDI X CATSUTP CABLE a crossing and do not require UP TO 100 METERS a crossover cables o t a UE hi Acrorreg SxEN4012 o M Because the Acromeg ethemet switch oie Ethamet Modules If 900EN S005 is automatic MDI MDI X crossover use of a direct 6treightthrough The ehemet pot ofthese orcrossover cables parrissible ja miy min a modes ae not atoretic IMPORTANT IFTHE HOSTPC CONNECTS DIR
2. A A PUSH OPTION DIP SWITCHE SSL Sen 222e MOUNTING AND r A i a TUHY HMHN DIMENSIONS S1 S2 34 33 32 31 i p F RUN P1 B sie s sl Unit mounts to T type DIN ig NT DIP SW S1 SPGM TRIGA aA i ye lt 5 CFG oP ron ont POWE rails 85mm type EN50022 ae Units may be mounted side oO Y__ C by side on 1 inch centers m WARNING IEC Safety _ Standards may require that this device be mounted within a x1 x2 x3 x4 g an approved metal enclosure ff HAR COA A a7 or sub system particularly for L applications with exposure to a Tene en oa voltages greater than or equal 267 7 m 99 1 i to 75VDC or 50VAC NOTE Dimensions Are INCHES MLLIMETERS ea 1 si gt MODEL 900EN S005 ENCLOSURE DIMENSIONS TETEN ENO SSE INDICATORS A OPERATING OPTIONS PUSH PUSH BUTTON RESET REMOVABLE REFER TO MANUAL NOTE REDUNDANT TENAS A R OPTION DIPSWITCHES Beg POWER CONNECTION ees 3 moe erg Green Run LED is ON if power ASUNEEN pijano St S2 REESE a IS ON SETTINGS fob Regale amp 8 O lt GREEN RUN POWER DIP SW S1 S2 PGM RREG S DIP SWITCHES IN ee STATUS DEFAULT aor POWER Red Yellow and Green Port NEXT TOPOWER Dx Y
3. FROM DIN RAIL mares AS YOU LIFTAND TILTMODULE PUSH TO REMOVE ITFROMRAIL OPTION DIP SWITCHES BUTONA A2 2 Z E EN When attaching the module Gy eenei to the T type DIN rail angle DIP SW S1 9PGM Lesja ea ora O ONEN Za the top of the unit towards the rail and locate the top groove of the adapter over the upper lip of the rail al Firmly push the unit towards the rail until it x1 f x2 x x snaps into place To NAARAAN AA F remove first separate the C Remove R45 Comections On This Sid To Provide Clearance network connections from the bottom side of the module to create a clearance to the DIN mounting area PRY WITH SCREWDRIVER INSERTED IN SLOTHERE DONOTTWIST TO AVOID DAMAGING PLASTIC TAB PUSH SCREWDRIVER AS SHOWN TO TILT AND LIFT MODULE OFF RAIL Next while holding the module in place from above insert a screwdriver into the lower arm of the DIN rail connector and use it as a lever to force the connector down until the unit disengages from the rail do not twist the screwdriver to avoid damaging the plastic Ethernet I O 1 Port Status LED Indicators CONNECTIONS DIN Rail Mounting amp Removal Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 8 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual CONNECTIONS Network For 100Base TX systems at a minimum use data grade Unshield
4. Back Pressure Mode 1 Carrier sense back pressure is selected 0 Collision based back pressure is selected Flow Control amp Back Pressure Fair Mode 1 Fair Mode is selected In this mode if a flow control port and a non flow control port talk to the same destination port packets from the non flow control port may be dropped This is to prevent the flow control port from being flow controlled for an extended period of time O In non fair mode if a flow control port and a non flow control port talk to the same destination port the flow control port will be flow controlled This may not be fair to the flow control port Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 2 1 REG _ DESCRIPTION _____ DEF Register Map TN a Control 2 continued Function No Excessive Collision Drop 1 Do NOT drop packets after 16 or more collisions This is the default setting in EEPROM Mode 0 Drop packets when 16 or more collisions occur This function may optionally be configured via DIP switch S1 4 which is OFF by default Huge Packet Support 1 Accept packet size up to including 1916 bytes Note This bit setting will over ride the setting of bit 1 of this register 0 Maximum packet size will be determined by bit 1 of this register Legal Maximum Packet Size Check Disable 1 Accept packet si
5. 5 Ports Connector Five shielded RJ 45 sockets 8 pin 10BaseT 100BaseTX Wiring Ports are wired MDI X and include automatic MDI X MDI crossover Data Rate Auto negotiated 10Mbps or 100Mbps Duplex Auto negotiated Full or Half Duplex Compliance IEEE 802 3 802 3u 802 3x Port Status Indicators Three LED s per port red yellow and green Two indication modes combine speed link status activity indication and duplex indication The LED indication mode is programmed via DIP switch S2 4 or via bit 1 of EEPROM register 11 Memory Bandwidth 1 4Gbps Maximum Message Length Frame Size 1536 bytes default or select 1522 bytes with VLAN and 1518 bytes without VLAN Also supports huge packets 1916 bytes Illegal Frame Detection Frames less than 64 bytes and more than maximum see above are discarded Flow Control IEEE 802 3x flow control on both transmit an receive is enabled default and may be optionally disabled Half Duplex Back Pressure Non IEEE 802 3 standard Uses carrier sense deference during heavy traffic to unburden resources Enabled by default and may be optionally disabled Half Duplex Backoff Binary exponential per IEEE 802 3 less aggressive default Optional more aggressive backoff may be enabled Address Learning Automatic storage of up to 1K 1024 MAC addresses Address Aging Automatic enabled by default 5 minutes can be optionally disabled Address Migration Automatic Frame Retry
6. exceeded Port Control 11 bit 5 High Priority Receive Rate Control Enable Set to enable the port high priority receive rate control feature differential receive rate control bit 7 must also be set Clear to disable port high priority receive rate control Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 5 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Rate Limiting Priority Controls Rate Limiting Controls continued Port Control 11 bit 6 Low Priority Receive Rate Control Enable Set to enable the port low priority receive rate control Clear to disable port low priority receive rate control Port Control 11 bit 7 Receive Differential Priority Rate Control Set to enable receive rate control on port for low priority packets at low priority rate if bit 6 is also set or to enable receive rate control on high priority packets at high priority rate if bit 5 is also set Clear to perform receive rate control using the low priority rate for all packets on this port Port Control 5 bits 7 0 Transmit HIGH Priority Rate Control A 12 bit and Port Control 7 number that sets how many 32Kbps high bits 3 0 priority blocks can be transmitted in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port Control 6 bits 7 0 Transmit LOW Priority Rate Control A 12 bit and Port Control 7 number that sets how many 32Kbps low priori
7. occur The arbitration protocol for carrier transmission access of the Ethernet network is called Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect CSMA CD With CSMA CD each device will first sense whether the line is idle and available for use If it is the device will begin to transmit its first frame If another device also tries to send a frame at the same time then a collision occurs and both frames are discarded Each device then waits a random amount of time and retries its transmission until it is successfully sent Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Unlike other Ethernet devices such as an Ethernet host adapter or Network Interface Card NIC the port of a switch does not require its own MAC address During retransmission of a received packet the switch port will instead look like the originating device by having assumed its source address This is why the Ethernet collision domain is said to terminate at the switch port That is a two port switch will effectively break a network into two distinct data links or segments A five port switch like the Acromag 900EN S005 can break a network into 5 distinct data links or segments also called collision domains Since all Ethernet nodes are able to recognize the occurrence of a collision and since the detection of a collision is principal to the way Ethernet arbitrat
8. respectively Maximum distance between two nodes is limited to 100 meters using approved cable Good practice further limits segment length to 80 or 80 meters Network cable may be picking up noise Problem Sometimes if port connections are hot Try using Category 5E shielded cable and shielded RJ45 connectors You may wait 5 minutes or simply reset the module after hot swapping port Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Swapping port connections Erroneous reads In SPI Slave Mode Miracles 74 SYMPTOM Cannot Program EEPROM Registers swapped the unit may wait until the aging period expires 5 minute default before it recognizes the new connection Common Poor quality parallel port signals POSSIBLE CAUSE Wired wrong connections Optionally in EEPROM Mode you can enable fast aging register 3 bit 1 or enable fast aging on a change in link status Check cable Reduce cable length Try another PC POSSIBLE FIX Check Program Port wiring Check connector making good contact at P1 Check that cable 5035 365 is plugged into your PC parallel port Wrong interface selection check position of DIP switches S2 1 2 3 For I C EEPROM Mode DIP switch S2 3 must be OFF DIP switch S2 2 ON and DIP switch S2 1 ON For SPI Slave Mode DIP
9. straight cable Otherwise it s a crossover cable or good cable gone bac Note that all ports of this switch are Automatic MDI MDI X and will automatically swap the Tx Rx channels pairs as required As such a straight through or crossover cable can be used to connect to any port of this device However it is not good practice to use crossover cables when wiring to a switch or hub as the ports of these devices are already wired MDI X Refer to the Accessory Cables section at the back of this manual for more information on accessory cables including patch and crossover cables available from Acromag and other vendors TIP You can significantly enhance the EMI RFI performance of your network connections by using Category 5E STP cable Shielded Twisted Pair with shielded RJ45 plug connectors This will also help to protect your installation from damage due to ESD Electro Static Discharge The use of shielded cable is strongly recommended for installations in harsh industrial environments and or in the presence of strong electrical fields Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Q
10. 00000 Indirect Data Register 7 00H Indirect Data Bits 63 56 0 0 Indirect Data Register 6 00H Indirect Data Bits 55 48 0 0 Indirect Data Register 5 00H Indirect Data Bits 47 40 0 0 Indirect Data Register 4 00H az Indirect Data Bits 39 32 0 0 a Indirect Data Bits 31 24 0 0 18 Indirect Data Register 2 00H 7 0 Indirect Data Bits 23 16 0 0 119 77H _ Indirect Data Register 1 00H o 7 0 Indirect Data Bits 15 8 0 0 120 78H _ Indirect Data Register 0 00H 7 0 Indirect Data Bits 7 0 0 0 Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 40 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Register Map SPI Slave Mode Use of this mode is reserved for factory purposes only and will not be covered in detail here Acromag makes no guaranty of operation in this mode Ethernet I O REG DESCRIPTION CCCCC d sSC OE C IMPORTANT DO NOT WRITE READ TO FROM REGISTERS 121 127 AS DOING SO MAY PREVENT PROPER OPERATION THESE REGISTERS ARE RESERVED FOR FACTORY TESTING ONLY 121 79H _ Digital Testing Status 0 Read Only 00H Bit Function S 70 Reserved Qm _split Status 00 70 Reserved Dbg 7 0 C O 7 0 Reserved Dbg 12 8 0 0 124 7CH Digital Testing Control 1 00H 7 0 Reserved Do Not Read Write 0 0 125 7DH Analog Testing Control 0 00H 7 0 Reserved Do Not Read Write 0 0 7 0 Reserv
11. 3 Read for 100baseT Full Duplex Capable Port Status 0 Bit 2 Read for 100baseT Half Duplex Capable Port Status 0 Bit 1 Read for 10baseT Full Duplex Capable Port Status 0 Bit 0 Read for 10baseT Half Duplex Capable This switch will automatically learn and store up to 1024 MAC addresses with their port number and timestamp It will update its look up table with a new entry if the packet s source address does not already exist in the look up table and if the received packet has no errors and is of legal length If the table is already full the last entry of the table oldest will be deleted first to make room for the new entry The switch will also monitor whether a station has moved and will update its table with new source port information if a received packet s source address is already in the table and if the received packet has no errors and is of legal length auto migration The switch will also update the time stamp information of a record whenever the corresponding source address appears It will use this timestamp to determine the age of a record and if a record is not updated for 5 minutes the record will be removed from the table auto aging Auto aging may also be optionally disabled via DIP switch 1 on the board Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Address Management
12. 4 O O 4 O 0 CO O OC OF PO Po AYO 4A OC A OC OC CO OC CO OF N TM OC CO WO IO C0 Ny od Cy AN co Do O D QO O Oo O G ea oo aes amp oo O O O O O OG O O CC This screen displays a matrix of 128 buffer cells It will allow you to read and write any of the 128 register bytes contained in EEPROM in the 900EN A specific register byte is located at the intersection of a row and column with the sum of the row and column number being the register number as noted in the EEPROM Register Map Thus Byte 0 Register 0 Row 0 Column 0 Byte 10 Register 10 Row 10 Column 0 Byte 120 Register 120 Row 120 Column 0 Each register byte is indicated in hexadecimal format A decimal to hexadecimal to binary conversion table is shown at right Note that it takes two hex digits to represent eight register bits Use this table and divide each register into two 4 bit numbers in order to determine what to write to a register Note that any changes you make will not take effect until the next time the module is reset after writing its EEPROM assuming DIP switch S2 1 is ON to select EEPROM Mode The following keeprom menu functions are available File Tools Help New Ctrl N Verify About keeprom Open Ctrl O Upload Save Ctrl S Download Save As Modify Exit The File functions are used to manage the EEPROM image data files stored on your hard disk e Use
13. 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 28 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Register Map DESCRIPTION Global Control 3 continued Function Enable Pre Tag on switch MII Interface 1 Packets forwarded to switch MII interface will be pre tagged with the source port number preamble before MRXDV 0 Normal operation This model does not implement the MIl interface and this bit should remain set to 0 Priority Scheme Select 00 Always deliver high priority packets first 01 Deliver high low packets at a ratio of 10 1 10 Deliver high low packets at a ratio of 5 1 11 Deliver high low packets at a ratio of 2 1 Enable Tag mask 1 Last 5 digits in the VID field are used as a mask to determine which port s the packet should be forwarded to O No tag masks Sniff Mode Select 1 Do Rx AND Tx sniff both the source port and destination port must match 0 Do Rx OR Tx sniff either source port or destination port must match This is the mode used to implement Rx only sniff Global Control 4 Function Switch MII Back Pressure Enable 1 Enable half duplex back pressure on switch MII 0 Disable back pressure on switch MII interface This model does not implement the MII interface and this bit should remain set to 0 Switch MII Half Duplex Mode 1 Enable MII interface for half duplex mode 0 Enable MII interface for full duplex mode This model does not im
14. Extra Low Voltage 2 6W Observe proper polarity See table for current Current shown assumes 25 C and all ports are connected Supply 900EN S005 Current Draw CAUTION Do not exceed 36VDC peak to avoid damage to the module External Fuse Select a high surge tolerant fuse rated for 1A or less to protect unit 195mA Typical 215mA Maximum 149mA Typical 164mA Maximum 122mA Typical 134mA Maximum 24V 92mA Typical 101mA Maximum Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http Awww acromag com 62 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Environmental EMC CE Marked Controls amp Indicators 36V 65mA Typical 72mA Maximum Isolation Power and network circuits are isolated from each other for common mode voltages up to 250VAC or 354V DC off DC power ground on a continuous basis will withstand 1500VAC dielectric strength test for one minute without breakdown Complies with test requirements of ANSI ISA 82 01 1988 for voltage rating specified Installation Category Designed to operate in an Installation in a Pollution Degree 2 environment with an installation category over voltage category II rating Electromagnetic Interference Immunity EMI Product has demonstrated resistance to digital upset state change with interference from switching solenoids commutator motors and drill motors Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC Immunity Per European
15. File New to set the file buffer to all 0 s do this to start from a clean sheet in order to create a new EEPROM image e Use File Open to open an existing EEPROM image data file all image files have file extension dat A default file named default95m dat is provided do not change the contents of this file Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http Awww acromag com 22 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O EEPROM Programmer Utility keeprom exe EEPROM Register Map e Use File Save to save the data in the file buffer current screen to the currently opened EEPROM image data file If there is no current file opened a dialog box will appear for typing in a new file name to create a file or to select an existing file to over write e Use File Save As to save the data in the file buffer the current screen to a file to be named A dialog box will appear prompting for a file name e Use File Exit to exit the keeprom program The Tools functions are used to manage the EEPROM image data inside the current file buffer e Use Tools Verify to compare the data in the file buffer against the data inside the EEPROM of the connected switch module e Use Tools Upload to read the data from the EEPROM to the file buffer The current data in the file buffer will be overwritten with the contents of EEPROM e Use Tools Downloa
16. Norm BS EN 61000 6 2 2005 Electrostatic Discharge ESD Immunity 4KV direct contact and 8KV air discharge to the enclosure port per IEC61000 4 2 Radiated Field Immunity RFI 10V M 80 to 1000MHz AM 1 4 to 2GHz 3V M and 2 to 2 7GHz 1V M per IEC61000 4 3 Electrical Fast Transient Immunity EFT 2KV to power and 1KV to signal I O per IEC61000 4 4 Conducted RF Immunity CRFI 10Vrms 150KHz to 80MHz per IEC61000 4 6 Surge Immunity 0 5KV per IEC61000 4 5 Emissions Per European Norm BS EN 61000 6 4 2007 Radiated Frequency Emissions 30 to 1000MHz per CISPR16 Class A Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC CE marked per EMC Directive 2004 108 EC Consult factory Immunity per BS EN 61000 6 2 1 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity ESD per IEC 61000 4 2 2 Radiated Field Immunity RFI per IEC 61000 4 3 3 Electrical Fast Transient Immunity EFT per IEC 61000 4 4 4 Surge Immunity per IEC 61000 4 5 5 Conducted RF Immunity CRFI per IEC 61000 4 6 Emissions per BS EN 61000 6 4 1 Enclosure Port per CISPR 16 2 Low Voltage AC Mains Port Per CISPR 16 3 Telecom Network Port per CISPR 22 WARNING This is a Class A product In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which the user may be required to take adequate measures Power Indicator Green LED ON indicates power internal 3 3V rail OK Port Status Indicators Three LED s per port red yellow and green Two indication modes c
17. connected on a segment then only half duplex communication is allowed and use of the interconnection medium must be arbitrated among the nodes using CSMA CD Flow controls are methods used to help arbitrate communication along this medium For full duplex segments the Pause Scheme is used For half duplex segments the back pressure approach is used Full Duplex Flow Control Full duplex flow control is enabled by default but may be disabled via DIP switch S1 2 Per IEEE 802 3x flow control refers to the use and handling of pause frames to address short term traffic overload on a full duplex link for both the transmit and receive channels On a receive channel if a pause control frame is received the switch will not transmit the next normal frame until the timer specified in the pause control frame expires If another pause frame is received before the original time expires the timer will be updated with the new time value in the second received pause frame During the flow control period timer running only flow control packets may be transmitted On a transmit channel the switch determines when to invoke flow control based on the availability of switch resources considering available buffer space the transmit queues and the receive queues The 900EN S005 will apply flow control on any port which just received a packet if the destination port resources are being used fully The switch will also flow control all ports if its
18. connecting the node may be too long it must be less than 100M Otherwise there may be a duplex mismatch between the switch port and the connected node RxCRCerror RxAlignmentError These stats count the number of times the bits of a frame cannot be divided by 8 broken into legal octets and that contain a Frame Check Sequence FCS error This is typically caused by turning equipment on or off and by noise on twisted pair segments This is normal but should only result in a few errors A higher amount may also reflect damaged cables or be the result of interference induced on network cables by passing them too close to noisy devices The Ethernet standard allows a 1 in 10 bit error rate but you should expect less than 1 in 10 packets In general a rate in excess of one error per 1000 packets indicates a serious problem TxLateCollision Similar to collisions as noted below but detection has failed Indicates that two devices have transmitted at the same time but failed to detect the collision This usually indicates the Slot Time is being exceeded This is because the time it takes to propagate the signal from one device to the other is greater than Ethernet I O 1 3 TROUBLE SHOOTING Useful Statistics Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 1 4 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual TROUBLE SHOOTING Useful Sta
19. consider the possible negative effects of power wiring component sensor or software failure in the design of any type of control or monitoring system This is very important where property loss or human life is involved It is important that you perform Ethernet I O satisfactory overall system design and it is agreed between you and Acromag that this is your responsibility GETTING STARTED MOUNTING AND DI MENSIONG 0 cseeeeeeees CONTROLS amp INDICATORG ccccesceueceeseaees ISOLATION BARRIERS cccseceeeeeeeneeeseeeaeeus BASIC OPERATION cccccseseeeceeesceseueeaeeuueueaees DIP Switch Mode ccccccseeesseseeeceueeneeaenes Program Port Plies cccsccsetstesccesesctisctcescsnewtaeces Port Status LED Indicators c cseesseeen CONNECTIONS DIN Rail Mounting amp Removal ceceseeee Network Optional Program Poft cccscseeeeeeeeeeeeeeees Earth Ground TROUBLESHOOTING Diagnostics Table ceceseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeenenees TECHNICAL REFERENCE KEY FEATURES HOW IT WORKS ADVANCED OPERATION 0 ccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeens Out Of The Box DIP Switch Mode EEPROM Mode cccceeceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee EEPROM Program Utility keeprom exe EEPROM Register Map 0ccseeceeeeeeeeeeeees SPI Slave Mode 0 cccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneneeeeeenes TERMS AND CONC EP TS es c
20. discarded by receiving stations To illustrate how slot time is derived assume that node A begins to transmit data to node B This data travels along the cable in time TA Also assume that some time after node A begins transmission node B also begins to transmit perhaps just before the data from node A arrives Thus when node A s data arrives at node B node B knows immediately that a collision has just occurred and can begin recovery operations Node A will not know a problem has occurred until data from node B arrives in time TB That is node A has to wait at least TA TB before it can be assured that no collision has occurred during its transmission The standard also allows for some additional time TC necessary to sense the collision The slot time is approximated by the sum TA TB TC The sum TA TB is the round trip delay along the cable between the nodes and TA is equal to TB If the delay characteristics of the connecting cable is known the maximum cable length can be approximated from the time delay TA Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 46 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Slot Time Inter Packet Gap IPG The size of a network collision domain is often referred to as the network diameter and is related to the round trip delay limitation of 512 Bit times necessary for effective collision detection with CSMA The max
21. discussed in the Terms and Concepts section at the back of this manual The default mode of operation for this device is sufficient to allow the unit to operate as a 5 port switch right out of the box with no special software or hardware switches to configure DIP switch S2 1 must be OFF to set the unit to DIP Switch Mode and this will cause the unit to initialize itself using the settings of DIP switches S2 4 and S1 1 8 upon reset For parameters not controlled by a DIP switch the default settings noted in the EEPROM Register Map will apply Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 1 Q For most applications the default OFF position of these switches is ADVANCED sufficient for basic operation If optional settings are desired these switches are usually set one time at installation usually with power off then new OPERATION settings take effect upon power on reset or after pushing the reset button Note that you may have to remove a small plastic cover in order to access the DIP switches This cover can be removed by first removing the enclosure left side cover by gently prying it apart using a flat blade screwdriver and then sliding the protective cover out The plastic cover is provided to prevent possible ESD damage and unauthorized in field access Always be sure to handle the board at an ES
22. distance Switches split networks into separate collision domains at each port Switches provides determinism by reducing collisions Switches increases network bandwidth throughput Switches can provide supplemental error checking The Acromag 900EN S005 is a five port Ethernet switch that combines integrated buffer memory five MAC s Media Access Controllers five PHY s Ethernet Physical Layers and a sophisticated switch engine for small home office or industrial applications It is packaged in a rugged enclosure suitable for DIN rail or panel mounting It operates over a wide temperature range and is designed to withstand the effects of harsh plant floor environments It also carries Class Div 2 Group A B C and D ratings allowing it to operate in the presence of explosive gasses The 900EN S005 also performs additional error checking on data packets to help ensure the integrity of forwarded data A wide input switching regulator isolated flyback provides isolated power to the circuit and the unit includes a redundant power input for hot standby back up power should the main supply fail Each port of this switch functions just like any other Ethernet device It is able to receive and decode Ethernet frames test for frame integrity plus assemble and transmit Ethernet frames With Ethernet any device can try to send a data frame at any time If two devices happen to send a data frame at the same time then a collision may
23. engine s MAC address This 48 bit address is used as the source address in MAC pause control frames DESCRIPTION oO h oO eo P MAC Address Register 0 Function MACA 47 40 MAC Address Register 1 MAC 39 32 MAC Address Register 2 MACA 31 24 Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 3 Q REG DESCRIPTION DEF Register Map ADVANCED CONTROL REGISTERS 110 120 Use registers 110 amp 111 to read or write data to the static MAC address table VLAN table dynamic address table or the MIB counters For SPI Slave Mode only REG DESCRIPTION DEF 6EH Indirect Access Conirol 0 SPI Mode Only 00H Bit Function 110 Reserved Read High Write Low 1 Read cycle 0 Write cycle Table Select SPI Slave Mode Only 00 Static MAC address table selected 01 VLAN table selected 10 Dynamic address table selected 11 MIB counter selected Indirect Access High Bits 9 8 of indirect address 111 a Bit Function Indirect Address Low Bits 7 0 of indirect address Note A write to register 111 will actually trigger a command Read or write access will be decided by bit 4 of register 110 00 6FH Indirect Access Control 1 SPI Mode Only 0H 0 DESCRIPTION Indirect Data Register 8 00H Function Indirect Data Bits 68 64 Unused upper 3 bits 000
24. fromPort5 to Port1 and Port5 to Port4 ROUTER Model 900EN S005 Switch VLAN 5 Port5 to All Membership Bits 4 0 11111 UU gt wa Porti Port2 Port3 Port4 i nal i be VLAN 1 lt VLAN 4 Port1 to Port5 mj E Port4 to Port Membership m gt C Membership Bis 4 0 10001 Bits 4 0 11000 Note No broadcast traffic from Port1 will go to Port4 or Port v 4to Portt om Unlike the tag based VLAN definition in a port based VLAN the packet forwarding decision is based solely on the destination MAC address and its associated port Normally a switch determines the VLAN membership of a data frame it receives by reading a portion of the data frame s tag header and or examining the configuration of the port that received the transmission A four byte field in the header is used to identify a VLAN and this identification indicates what VLAN the frame belongs to If the frame has no tag header the switch then checks the VLAN settings of the port on which the packet was received If the switch port has been configured to support a port based VLAN it assigns the port s VLAN identification to the new frame before forwarding it Optionally VLAN tags can be added or removed on a per port basis just as with tag based VLAN s but the sw
25. how the program port interface P1 is to operate Set S2 switches UP to turn them ON and DOWN for OFF Interface Selection Switch Bank 2 S2 Operation DIP OPERATION OFF UP DEF ON DOWN Configuration Source Use DIP Switches Use EEPROM Program Port Vector SPI to ASIC IC to EEPROM Serial Program Mode IFC EEPROM SPI Slave ASIC LED Indicator Mode Mode 0 R Y G Speed FDX Col Mode 1 R Y G FDX 10ML A L A 100ML A The option switch bank S1 is used to select optional modes of operation Set S1 switches DOWN to turn them ON and UP for OFF as follows Option Selection Switch Bank 1 S1 Operation DIP OPERATION Address Aging OFF UP DEF Enabled 300 75s ON DOWN Disable No Aging Flow Control Enable Flow Control Disable Flow Control Half Duplex Back Pressure Enable Disable Collision Frames Drop Excess gt 16 Do Not Drop Excess Half Duplex Backoff Disable Aggressive Enable Aggressive Check Frame Length Check Max Size Disable Max Check Force Duplex at Port 4 if AN Off Failed Disabled Do not Force Duplex Enable Port 4 Only Force Flow Control at Port 4 if AN Off Failed Disabled Do Not Force Flow Control Enable Port 4 Only Note S2 1 must be OFF to cause this switch to use the DIP switch settings of S2 4 and S1 1 through S1 8 Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fa
26. oroadcast messages priority selection and Virtual Broadcast packets are discarded if they exceed the configured LAN definitions require threshold within a preset amount of time refer to Advanced Operation configuration software and an for more detailed information optional cable Model 5035 Priority Transmit all high priority before any low priority default with a 365 in order to program variable high low interleave optional Optionally select DiffServ 802 1p and port based priority controls refer to Advanced Operation for more detailed information Virtual LAN Supports port based Virtual LAN definitions using EEPROM Mode refer to Advanced Operation for more detailed information This is the default mode of operation A bank of 8 DIP switches S1 and 4 Program Interface DIP switches S2 allows some operating parameters of this device to be DIP Switches modified and optional modes of operation selected These switches are located in the top opening adjacent to the power terminals and reset button DIP switch S2 1 must be OFF to enable use of DIP switches S2 4 and S1 1 8 In this mode DIP switch settings are combined with the defaults noted for the operating parameters not directly covered by a DIP switch see Register Map Refer to Basic Operation for more information on using the DIP switches to configure operation This IC interface provides direct read write access to switch configuration Program Interface
27. port This software is included on the CDROM that contains this manual and shipped with your unit or it may be optionally downloaded from our web site at www acromag com Refer to the Technical Reference section at the back of this manual for more information regarding advanced features and optional program port connections v Connect Earth Ground as shown in the connection drawings above Note the additional connection to earth ground at the GND terminal recommended The plastic module housing does not require earth ground Check your wiring and refer to this table if you have trouble using this switch SYMPTOM Cannot communicate Module Does not recognize new DIP switch settings Module Does not recognize new EEPROM register configuration Many Communication Errors Communication appears temporarily lost after hot POSSIBLE CAUSE Is Power ON at the module Have you reset the module since making changes POSSIBLE FIX Check power Do any LED s light Push Reset Button or cycle power Have you enabled the DIP switches Have you reset the module since writing registers DIP switch S2 1 must be OFF to enable DIP switches Push Reset button or cycle power Have you enabled EEPROM interface DIP Switch S2 1 must be ON to enable EEPROM DIP Switch S2 3 must be OFF Signature Byte Registers Have Wrong Value Is cable segment longer than 100M Registers 0 1 must be set to 5599H
28. receive queue becomes full A flow control frame XOFF will be issued which contains the maximum pause time defined by IEEE 802 3x Once its required resource is freed up it will send out the opposite flow control frame XON with a zero pause time to turn off the flow control and thereby turn on transmission to the port Additionally hysteresis is employed to prevent the flow control mechanism from being activated and deactivated too many times Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 49 Half Duplex Flow Control Half Duplex Back Pressure Traffic Flow Controls This module also provides another form of flow control for half duplex links that is not part of the IEEE 802 3x standard and is called half duplex back pressure Half duplex back pressure ensures retransmission of incoming packets if a half duplex switch port is unable to receive incoming packets Recall that for half duplex traffic flows in one direction at a time on the network and CSMA CD arbitration is used During periods of heavy congestion a port may apply half duplex back pressure to help unburden resources Half duplex back pressure will use the same conditions as stated for full duplex flow control to activate or deactivate There are two back pressure modes that may be employed for half duplex collision based and carrier sense If the col
29. resources during excessive amounts of broadcast messages e Half Duplex Back Pressure Flow Controls Used to defer transmission by other stations to avoid congestion e Store amp Forward Operation For 1024 Frames Integrated address look up supports 1K absolute MAC addresses e Smart Address Management Automatic address learning address aging 300 seconds or disabled and address migration e Supports Virtual LAN Definitions Allows VLAN groups to be defined for added security between groups amp applications e Priority Controls Queue Priority Management controls with advanced Quality of Service QoS supports DiffServ and IEEE 802 1p based priority to prioritize different classes of voice video and data traffic plus Port Based Priority e Integrated 128KB 32Kx32bit High Speed SRAM Frame Buffer Shared by all 5 ports and supports 1 4Gbps memory bandwidth e Energy Miser Individual port power is shut down if no cable is connected to conserve energy e Push Button Reset Switch Enables field reprogramming via DIP switches without cycling power Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http Awww acromag com 1 6 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O HOW IT WORKS Background Hubs Contrast Switches Introducing The Acromag 900EN S005 To better understand the operation of an Ethernet switch you need to differentiate it from a hub An
30. single output queue with no priority differentiation 802 1p Priority Port Control 0 Bit 5 802 1p Priority Classification Enable Per Port Set to enable 802 1p priority classification for ingress packets Clear to disable Global Control 0 802 1p Base Priority Class This 3 bit value that Bits 6 4 is used to classify priority of incoming packets by comparing it against the User Priority Packet is high priority if user priority is greater than or equal to this number and low priority if less than this number Port Based Priority Port Control 0 Bit 4 Port Based Priority Classification Enable Determines which ports have high priority traffic Set to classify port ingress packets as high priority if Diffserv or 802 1p are not enabled or if unit fails to classify Clear to classify port ingress packets as low priority if Diffserv or 802 1p are not enabled or if unit fails to classify Note that Difserv 802 1p and port based priority can all be enabled at the same time The ored result of 802 1p and Diffserv DSCP overwrites port based priority Diffserv DSCP Priority Port Control 0 Bit 6 Diffserv DSCP Priority Classification Enable Per Port Set to enable Diffserv DSCP priority classification for ingress packets Uses DSCP field in IP header to decide high or low priority Clear to disable Difserv DSCP TOS Priority Control A 64 bit fully decoded DSCP Differentiated R
31. software 7FH In some cases noted these l defaults will differ in DIP switch An explanation of various operating modes and terminology follows the Mode EEPROM Register Map Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 24 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Register Map The DEF settings noted in the Register Map represent the defaults that apply in EEPROM Mode and reflect the contents contained in the data file default95M dat used by the EEPROM program software In some cases noted these defaults will differ in DIP switch Mode with all switches OFF DESCRIPTION Chip IDO Register Chip Family Identification Function Chip Family Treat as Read Only Contents of this register byte is checked at power on reset along with bits 7 4 of register 1 The internal switch engine will use EEPROM register settings to determine its operation if this register contains 95H and bits 7 4 of register 1 contain OH Otherwise it will use internal defaults and ignore the EEPROM contents Chip ID1 Register Start Switch Function Chip Family Read Only 0000 designates M series chip 95M family The contents of this nibble is checked at power on reset along with bits 7 0 of register 0 The internal switch engine will use EEPROM register settings to determine
32. switch S2 3 must be ON DIP switch S2 2 OFF and DIP switch S2 1 ON Note that DIP switches S1 amp S2 have the same convention with respect to the ON position S2 is ON in downward position Cable Not Connected to LPTx port Make sure you connected to your host PC printer port Module Power Off Module must be powered to read write registers Network analyzers may be used troubleshoot network and cabling problems and may also compile Management Information Base MIB data similar to that shown in the table below This table gives additional troubleshooting information for common MIB statistics STATISTIC INTERPRETATION ACTION Fragments or runts are usually the product of collisions poor wiring and electrical interference Most fragments are a result of normal collision RxFragments A fragment is an ethernet frame which is shorter than the requisite 64 octets and which has an invalid Frame Check Sequence bad CRC symbol error activity on an Ethernet network For example when a collision occurs the resulting jam signal appended to the data on the line before the collision took place results in a fragment Thus fragments can be viewed as indicators of collision activity However collisions are not the only source of fragments as they can also be introduced by Ethernet I O 1 1 Note The SPI Mode and interface are reserved for factory use only and operation in this mode is
33. switch bad packets Reserved IEEE 802 3x Transmit Flow Control Disable 1 Do not enable transmit flow control no matter what the auto negotiation result is 0 Enable transmit flow control based on auto negotiation result This function may optionally be controlled via DIP switch S1 2 for both receive and transmit combined but the Tx Rx flow control can be programmed independently via bits 5 amp 4 of this register IEEE 802 3x Receive Flow Control Disable 1 Do not enable receive flow control no matter what the auto negotiation result is 0 Enable transmit flow control based on auto negotiation result This function may optionally be controlled via DIP switch S1 2 for both receive and transmit combined but the Tx Rx flow control can be programmed independently via bits 5 amp 4 of this register Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 26 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Register Map Note Excessive use of fast aging can make your switch act more like a hub Recall that a switch will senda message to all switch ports like a hub does until it actually learns an address usually after the first communication If fast aging is enabled and messages happen to be infrequent reoccurring after 800us then the switch will age out a learned address and revert to sending a subsequent message to all ports rath
34. the appropriate actions e Local Packets Based on Destination Address Look up If the destination port from the look up table matches the port where the packet was from the packet is defined as a local packet and will not be forwarded Chk If Special Packet BPDU or Specified MAC Sis reserved for hostprocessor Ethernet I O 4 Inter Packet Gap IPG Switch Forwarding Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 48 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Traffic Flow Controls Recall that the flow of traffic on a network can be either half duplex one direction at a time or full duplex simultaneous in both directions In 1995 the 802 3 Ethernet standard was modified to include provisions for 802 3u 100Mbps Fast Ethernet Fast Ethernet operates using full duplex communication in lieu of half duplex with CSMA CD Thus fast Ethernet implies a point to point Ethernet connection between two devices with no possibility of collisions allowing the stations at each end to transmit simultaneously full duplex Similarly if only one device is connected to a switch port such as an Ethernet host adaptor or another switch port this is referred to as microsegmentation and full duplex operation is possible without the occurrence of collisions If however a collision domain is shared on a switch port multiple host adaptors or repeating hubs
35. the module is subsequently reset A reset button is located adjacent to the power terminals to accomplish this or simply cycle power to reset the unit after making changes OFFSET EEPROM Register Map Summary Decimal Hexadecimal REGISTER DESCRIPTION OOH 01H Chip ID Registers Read Only All EEPROM registers are 02H OBH Global Control Registers Read Write unless otherwise OCH OFH Reserved Do Not Modify specified 10H 1DH Port 1 Control Registers 1EH 2FH Port 1 Status Registers Read Only Some registers address 20H 2DH __ Port 2 Control Registers functionality not supported by 2EH 2FH Port 2 Status Registers Read Only this model or functionality only 30H 3DH Port 3 Control Registers useful in SPI Slave mode 3EH 3FH Port 3 Status Registers Read Only Managed Mode These 40H 4DH Port 4 Control Registers registers are mentioned here 4EH 4FH Port 4 Status Registers Read Only in brief in order to prevent 50H 5DH Port 5 Control Registers inadver tent access and SEH 5FH Port 5 Status Registers Read Only Ope ranON 60H 67H TOS Priority Control Registers 68H 6DH MAC Address Registers hire yale racine wa 6EH 6FH Indirect Access Control Registers represent the defaults that 70H 78H Indirect Data Registers ly in EEPROM M 79H 7AH Digital Testing Status Registers Read Only Ae eee re E E 7BH 7CH Digital Testing Control Registers default95M dat file used by the 7DH 7EH_ Analog Testing Control Registers EEPROM program
36. to the IP phone Priority Using The 802 1p Method Each port has an Enable Port 802 1p Priority bit that when set directs that the 802 1p priority tag 3 bits be used to determine a received frame s priority A 3 bit value is defined in bits 6 4 of Global Control 0 register which is used to classify the priority of incoming packets In this method the inbound traffic port examines the priority field in the tag compares it to the 3 bit value and determines if it is of high or low priority Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O D 3 That is the packe s user priority is compared against this value If it is Priority Controls greater than or equal to it the packet is classified as high priority If it is less than it it is classified as low priority There is also a global Priority Classification register that is used to set the high or low priority status of each 3 bit 802 1p tag field a set bit specifies high priority for the corresponding tag value In this method the inbound traffic port examines the priority field in the tag and determines if it is of high or low priority This method works best when used with ports that have mixed data and media traffic flow Priority Using The IPv4 Diffserv DSCP Method Diffserv is another per frame method of determining outbound traffic priority Th
37. traffic flow limiting VLAN messages to only the members that need to share this information This effectively frees up bandwidth on the network as broadcast messages may target specific work groups that happen to share the same physical network Recall that each switch port forms a different physical network segment or broadcast domain Port based VLAN s allow the end stations at different switch ports of the same switch to be included in a virtual network segment by grouping together one or more ports of the switch For the 900EN the port membership is predefined when the switch is configured in EEPROM mode then takes effect following startup Then packets that the switch receives and identifies as belonging to a port based VLAN are forwarded only over the ports assigned to that VLAN However once the port based VLAN membership is set if a VLAN member moves from one port to another the VLAN membership must be reconfigured as this type of VLAN does not migrate when a cable is changed between ports To contrast port based VLAN controls a 802 1q tag based VLAN makes use of VLAN control information stored in the VLAN header of an IEEE 802 3 packet frame This allows the tag based VLAN to span beyond the boundary of a single switch to other segments connected to other switches On the other hand the port based VLAN is defined on the switch itself and does not use information contained in the packet frame to define its membership thu
38. w Collision Will drop frame after 16 collisions default operation or may be optionally disabled for continuous retry Late Collision Detection Transmit packet is dropped if collision occurs after 512 bit times of transmission may optionally be disabled Late collisions are usually indicative of illegal cable length Register Memory 512 bytes Atmel AT24C02 or compatible EEPROM See EEPROM Register Map for definition Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com ible al ed BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 5 Q Frame Buffer 64K Bytes 16Kx32 Bits of SRAM shared across all 5 ports Ethernet Interface for frame storage providing 512 buffers of 128 Bytes each Resource is shared among 5 ports or optionally allocated one fifth per port A single frame can vary from 64 Bytes up to 1536 Bytes This is effective storage for as little as 42 messages or as much as 1024 messages Communication Distance The distance between two devices on an Ethernet network is generally limited to 100 meters using recommended copper cable Distances may be extended using hubs switches or fiber optic transmission However the total round trip delay time must not exceed 512 bit times for collision detection to work properly Broadcast Storm Protection Disabled default but may optionally select Broadcast storm protection a maximum receive threshold for multicast
39. when there is heavy network traffic and or greater potential for noise and interference Refer to the simplified schematic shown below to gain a better understanding of the circuit Note that the network transmit and receive channels of each port include transient suppression Further the metal shield of the network ports are terminated with an isolation capacitor and TVS which effectively isolates the shield connection minimizes emissions and enhances transient protection Ethernet I O 1 7 HOW IT WORKS The current tendency in critical industrial control applications is to connect one Ethernet device per switch port This will produce the most deterministic mode of operation as the switch can operate full duplex with no chance of collisions This ensures determinism helping critical control applications to remain predictable and on time Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 1 8 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O ADVANCED OPERATION Operation Right Out Of The Box DIP Switch Mode SET S2 1 OFF DOWN TO SELECT DIP SWITCH MODE UPON POWER UP OR RESET Oe a EEE EL pima a 12345678 3 3V PORT STATUSLED s POWER vV a DIP SWITCHES v SWITCH ENGINE 900EN S005 SIMPLIFIEI wact gt P
40. 1 Control 1 Description Port 5 Control 1 See Port 1 Control 1 Description Port 1 Control 2 Function Reserved Do Not Write Ingress VLAN Filtering 1 The switch will discard packets whose VLAN ID VID port membership in the VLAN table bits 20 16 does not include the ingress port 0 No ingress VLAN filtering Discard Non PVID Packets 1 Switch will discard packets whose VLAN ID VID does not match the ingress port default VID 0 No packets will be discarded Force Flow Control 1 Always enable Rx amp Tx flow control on the port regardless of auto negotiation result 0 The flow control is enabled based on auto negotiation result Note Setting a port for both half duplex and forced flow control is an illegal configuration Half duplex uses another form of flow control non standard called back pressure see bit 3 below Port 4 ONLY This function may be optionally controlled for port 4 via DIP switch S1 8 Back Pressure Enable Half Duplex Only 1 Enable port half duplex back pressure This is the default setting in EEPROM Mode 0 Disable port half duplex back pressure default This function may optionally be configured via DIP switch S1 3 which is OFF by default Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 32 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Register Map DESCRIPTION Po
41. 4 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 4 1 In SPI Slave Mode no EEPROM memory is used and ASIC registers are SPI Slave Mode configured via the SPI interface after reset during run time Register 1 provides a start switch bit that is used to start a new configuration after the registers have been configured Changes made to registers in SPI mode will be lost if power is interrupted IMPORTANT The SPI connections are limited to short distances and operate at much higher clock speeds than the I C interface used to program EEPROM As such accessory cable 5035 365 is not sufficient for reliable operation in SPI Mode This mode is reserved for factory use only and Acromag makes no guaranty of operation in this mode Use of the advanced features in SPI Slave Mode is generally beyond the scope of most applications and is not recommended for most users Additional expertise is required to exploit these features and these topics are not discussed in this manual Some of these features will only be presented here in brief because the unit provides these capabilities and to thwart the inadvertent misuse of some registers To communicate with a module in SPI Mode you must set DIP switch S2 1 and S2 3 ON to set the module to SPI Slave Mode ON Additionally make sure DIP switch S2 2 is OFF to enable SPI access Refer to this section for more information on unfamil
42. 5 Ethernet Switch User s Manual ISOLATION BARRIERS Dashed Lines denote isolation barriers The switch circuit the individual network ports and the power circuit are isolated from each other for safety and increased noise immunity Refer to Specifications section for isolation ratings BASIC OPERATION 21222 TBI TT P1 DIP SW S1 S2 PGM CFGOPTIONS PORT a as S j a Ep le IIC RESET 1 PUSH 2 TRANSFORMER gt 332 5 18V 3 J 900EN S005 ISOLATION DIAGRAM PORITS is ae iq E 3 SIZE P D P P PORTI PORT2 PORT3 PORT4 ISOLATED SWITCH PORTS This switch has automatic features that allow it to operate unmanaged right out of the box and there are no special programming or setup procedures required Automatic MDI MDI X Automatic Polarity Automatic Half Full Duplex Automatic 10M 100M Automatic Address Learning Automatic Address Migration Automatic Address Aging using 5 minute period 300 75s Flow Controls Enabled Half Duplex Back Pressure Applies Standard Half Duplex Back Off Applies Switch will check that frame length conforms to maximum size limit R Y G LED s indicat
43. Acromag 4 BusWorks 900EN Series 10 100 Mbps Industrial Ethernet I O Modules Model 900EN S005 5 Port 10 100M Ethernet Switch USER S MANUAL cH c oma NET A T l4 THER f Xx 3B zs gt Ay EVAR a RE YW i gt 2 7 R f iil dl I Vym eae oi Ro eee zai A tg 8Oxr WAT ty Fe Vis CON 5 OY ag KY SS oe ue ee ial j an MAI g a as AA 5 5 7 d Swings A A r Q b A An ED ACROMAG INCORPORATED 30765 South Wixom Road P O BOX 437 Wixom MI 48393 7037 U S A Copyright 2003 Acromag Inc Printed in the USA Data and specifications are subject to change without notice Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 8500 723 E12L019 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Symbols on equipment A Means Refer to User s Manual this manual for additional information The information of this manual may change without notice Acromag makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Further Acromag assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this manual and makes no commitment to update or keep current the information contained in this manual No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced in any form without the prior written consent of Acromag Inc BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual IMPORTANT SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS You must
44. Advertise 100BaseT Half Duplex Capability 1 Advertise 100BaseT Half Duplex capability 0 Suppress 100BaseT Half Duplex capability from transmission to link partner Advertise 10BaseT Full Duplex Capability 1 Advertise 10BaseT Full Duplex Capability 0 Suppress 10BaseT Full Duplex Capability from transmission to Link Partner Advertise 10BaseT Half Duplex Capability 1 Advertise 10BaseT Half Duplex Capability 0 Suppress 10BaseT Half Duplex Capability from transmission to Link Partner Port 2 Control 12 Port 1 Control 12 Description Port 3 Control 12 Port 1 Control 12 Description Port 4 Control 12 Port 1 Control 12 Description Port 5 Control 12 Port 1 Control 12 Description Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 3 1 REG DESCRIPTION DEF Register Map 1DH Port 1 Control 13 00H Bit Function 29 Oo LED Disable 1 Turn OFF all port status LED s 0 0 Normal Operation Txids 1 Disable Port Transmitter 0 Normal Operation Restart Auto Negotiation 1 Restart Auto Negotiation 0 Normal Operation Disable Far End Fault 1 Disable far end fault detection and pattern transmission 0 Enable far end fault detection and pattern transmission 1 Power Down 0 Normal Operation 45 1 Disable Auto MDI MDI X function 0 Enable Auto MDI MDI
45. Conirols Set to enable automatic address aging default Normal aging period is 300 75s Clear to disable aging Global Control 1 Bit 2 This is also controlled via DIP switch 1 in DIP Switch Mode Set to enable fast aging 800us Clear for standard aging period of 300 75s Set to cause fast address aging period of 800us for a change from link to no link After aging cycle is complete the port will revert to normal aging cycle of 300 75s Clear to prevent fast aging upon link change Global Control 1 Bit 1 Global Control 0 Bit 0 Recall that for half duplex communication transmit and receive are possible but not at the same time If two stations attempt to simultaneously transmit data along the same network a collision will occur Half duplex Ethernet makes use of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection CSMA CD to arbitrate access to the network Carrier Sense requires that all stations must listen for no traffic on the network for a period of time before transmitting data Multiple Access guaranties that all stations on the network have equal access to transmit data and that any station is allowed to repeat the transmit sequence without first waiting for the other stations to transmit their data Collision Detection is the process by which a transmitting station must detect a collision of its data with any other station s transmitting data should both stations attempt to simultaneously tra
46. D safe workstation or damage to the unit may occur You may set DIP switches S1 4 and S2 1 8 as required by your application then either apply power to the board power on reset or press the reset button if power is already applied to the board Reset will cause the new switch settings to take effect Note that each DIP switch also has an internal EEPROM register that can be used to optionally affect operation in EEPROM Mode In any case DIP switch S2 1 MUST be OFF in order to cause the internal switch engine to utilize the settings of the other switches as opposed to the settings configured in the corresponding EEPROM registers see Register Map For options not directly addressed by a DIP switch the defaults noted in the Register Map will apply that is DIP switches cannot be combined with any non default settings in EEPROM The DIP switches determine operation with DIP switch S2 1 set OFF and only the EEPROM determines operation with DIP switch S2 1 set ON EEPROM Mode provides direct read write access to switch configuration EEPROM Mode registers in EEPROM memory on the board and causes the switch to utilize these register settings to determine its operation upon power up or reset This mode provides more extensive control of available features and options than the DIP switches such as broadcast storm protection rate limiting and port based VLAN definitions EEPROM mode is generally used to setup the switch prior to installa
47. ECTLY TO THE MODULE CATSUTP CABLE switch dlininetes I o UP TO10 METERS tomekeadstinction between AND TE SXXEN MCDULE EMEPNETPORTS ARE WIREDNDL O k TE siagttragh adore ETHERNET SWITCHES AND HUBS ARE WIRED IVDL X Grageru ct iosa Cette THE ACROVAG ETHERNET SWITCH IS AUTOVATIC MDI MDI X AND Order Acromeg Cable Modal 5085365 ELIMNATES THE NEED FOR MAKING A DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE USE OF STRAIGHT THROUGH VDI AND CROSSOVER VDI X CATS UTP CABLE CABLE CONNECTIONS DP TOIONETERS TE E Acromag offers a straight through patch cable Model 5035 355 or a PE MOENS RNA A crossover cable Model 5035 360 for use with Series 9xxEN modules CAT5UTP CABLE UP TO100METERS GireightTrouph or Cossover Cable UME CATS5 UTP CABLE UP TO 100 METERS 7 Streight Through or Crossover Cable Y Connect 15 36V DC to the power terminals labeled DC amp DC Power Optionally connect redundant backup power to the second DC terminal Observe proper polarity For supply connections use No 14 AWG wires rated for at least 75 C CAUTION Do not exceed 36VDC peak far Voltage Current TB3 REDUNDANT POWER 15 36V DC Ql os oc i N amp 1 8 Des EaR pme amp 1 amp pc 15 36VDC_ Q S GND gey T 4 PUSH _ To EARTH RESES GROUND L INPUTPOWER IS ISOLATED IMPORTANT External Fuse If unit is powered from a supply capable of delivering more than 1A to the unit it is recommended that this current be limited vi
48. EL FULL DUPLEW Status Indicators Refer to the A es Nkome Modet S00ENS0TS table below for default LED Foremana E83 indication CONNECTOR DIP Switches S1 amp S2 awiren MDIMDEX cae aE Used to select optional modes ie y of operation refer to Basic Operation section The port status LED indicators are programmable via DIP switches and have Push Button Reset Used to two possible display modes that combine indication of speed collision reset the module and facilitate duplex link and activity By default Mode 0 they indicate the following in field reconfiguration Push this button after making changes to the DIP switches in Speed ON 100Mbps Full Duplex ON Link ON Activity order to execute any changes OFF 10Mbps Collision Blink ON OFF Blink ON OFF You may refer to Basic Operation of this manual for information on how to select the optional LED display mode Note COL LED This LED is used to indicate Collisions or Full Duplex If only one ethernet device is connected to a switch port then a full duplex connection is formed via auto negotiation and no collisions are possible In this case the COL LED will be ON to indicate full duplex not collision Collisions may only occur for half duplex communication with more than one device connected to a switch port Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com Ethernet I O 4 BusWorks 900EN S00
49. Ethernet hub or repeater is a device that simply connects Ethernet nodes Any message at one hub port is repeated on all ports That is hubs forward data packets they receive from a single station to all hub ports As a result all port devices connected to a single hub will share the same bandwidth Then as nodes are added to the network hub they compete for this finite amount of bandwidth at 10Mbps or 100Mbps This can cause data collisions to occur and makes network determinism impossible particularly on busy networks Determinism is a term that is used to describe the ability to guaranty that a packet is sent or received in a finite and predictable amount of time In the past lack of determinism is the main reason that Ethernet has had problems being accepted for use in critical control applications as most control systems have a defined time requirement for packet transmission typically less than 100ms A switch or switching hub is an intelligent device that is used to more efficiently connect distributed Ethernet nodes than a hub Unlike a simple hub a switch provides targeted data transfer as it will forward a data packet to a specific port or network segment rather than all ports thus freeing up bandwidth The ability to target a packet to a specific port increases network throughput and helps to eliminate the collisions that historically make Ethernet non deterministic Switches act as intelligent repeaters to increase network
50. Flow Controls CONTROL REGISTER FUNCTION Global Control 1 bit 5 Transmit flow control Disable Set to disable transmit flow control Global Control 1 bit 4 Receive flow control Disable Set to disable receive flow control Global Control 2 bit 5 Back Pressure Mode Set to select carrier sense back pressure Clear for Collision based back pressure Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com DO BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Traffic Flow Controls Traffic Flow Controls continued Global Control 2 bit 4 Flow Control Back Pressure Fair Mode Set to select Fair Mode clear for Non Fair Mode In Fair mode if a flow control port and a non flow control port talk to the same destination port packets from the non flow control port may be dropped to prevent the flow control port from being flow controlled for an extended period of time In non fair mode for the same conditions the flow control port will be flow controlled and this may not be fair to the flow control port Port Control 2 bit 4 Force Flow Control Per Port Set to always enable receive and transmit flow controls regardless of auto negotiation Clear to enable flow control based on the auto negotiation result Port Control 2 bit 3 Half Duplex Back Pressure Enable Set to enable half duplex back pressure Clear to disable default Broadcast Storm Broa
51. HY1 Mmac2 Lt PHY2 wac3 Et PHY3 MAC4 I gt PHY4 MAC5 Kt PHY5 oP 3 SWITCHES TYPICAL EACH PORT ed EEPROM 33V IE 256x8 Tav 3 gt L w j Vv gt lt 25V 3 re i INTERFACE This model operates on three different levels with varying operating modes and methods of reconfiguration The first level is operation right out of the box in DIP Switch Mode The second level refers to optional operation in EEPROM mode The third level refers to operation in SPI Slave Mode which is not covered in this manual reserved for factory use The second and third levels also require an optional cable Acromag model 5035 365 and configuration software This section of the manual will explain some of the alternate operating modes of this device and related terminology The EEPROM Register Map is also presented which will introduce most of the programmable features of this device Not all register functions will be supported Some register functions apply to functionality useful in SPI Slave Mode and this mode is reserved for factory use only The default mode of operation for this device is DIP Switch Mode and this is already covered in the first part of this manual Refer to Basic Operation section Terminology related to this mode is
52. REEN DB 25 1 BLUE _ 7 BLUE a DB 25 9 YELLOWS DB 25 25 BROWN DB25 10 RED i BROWN a TO X3 CABLE MODEL 5035 36N OTE ORANGE IS NOTE PIN 31S CUT LENGTH lt 50 INCHES NOTCONNECTED P1SOCKET COLOR CODED 900EN S 005 TOP EDGE ee 5 a CI HHRHH e HHRAREA oo GREEN YELLOW Fo X54 Q v YELLOW 40 2 n PEE ORANGE RED froxg07 l hated QO S Ta3ase7a RED TO X3 2 7 BROWN a T HHA HAA AAT Q 25 PROGRAM INTERFACE KEY P1 BROWN Fo x4 GROUND Re DB25 1 DB25 09 DB25 21 XSPIQ XSDA XSPIS P1 SOCKET P11IS USED TO OPTIONALLY PIN NUMBER PROGRAM THE SWITCH EEPROM REGISTERS OR TO UTILIZE SPI RUNTIME MODE NOTE P 11S KEYED VIA PIN 3 1 GND TO PC PARALLEL PORT FOR EEPROM PROGRAN AND OR SPIRUNTIME M Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com
53. RIPTION DEF pee 1FH Reserved Port 1 Status 1 READ ONLY 00H 1 Perform PHY MAC Tx Loopback to Rx 0 Norm Bit Function S S O 7 1_ Reserved Do Not Write Far End Fault 1 Far end fault status detected O No far end fault status detected Port 2 Status 1 See Port 1 Status 1 Description Port 3 Status 1 See Port 1 Status 1 Description Port 4 Status 1 See Port 1 Status 1 Description Port 5 Status 1 See Port 1 Status 1 Description ADVANCED CONTROL REGISTERS 96 103 The IPv4 TOS Type Of Service priority control registers implement a fully decoded 64 bit DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point register used to determine priority from the 6 bit TOS field in the IP header The most significant 6 bits of the TOS field are fully decoded into 64 possibilities and the singular code that results is compared against the corresponding bit in the DSCP register If the register bit is a 1 the priority is high if it is a O the priority is low DESCRIPTION TOS Priority Control Register 0 Function DSCP 63 56 TOS Priority Control Register 1 DSCP 55 48 TOS Priority Control Register 2 DSCP 47 40 TOS Priority Control Register 3 DSCP 39 32 J m DSCPJ 31 24 TOS Priority Control Register 5 DSCP 23 16 k oa So Oo i DSCP 15 8 TOS Priority Control Register 7 DSCP 7 0 0 ADVANCED CONTROL REGISTERS 104 109 Registers 104 109 define the switching
54. X function Forced MDI 1 Force PHY into MDI mode if auto MDI MDI X is disabled 0 Do NOT force PHY into MDI mode Loopback 1 Perform local loopback loop back the PHY Tx channel to its Rx channel O Normal operation Port 2 Control 13 Port 1 Control 13 Description Port 3 Control 13 Port 1 Control 13 Description Port 4 Control 13 Port 1 Control 13 Description Port 5 Control 13 Port 1 Control 13 Description Port 1 Status 0 READ ONLY 1 Port is MDI 0 Port is MDI X 1 Auto Negotiation AN Done 0 AN Not Done 1 Link Good O Link Not Good 1 Link Partner Flow Control Capable O Link Partner NOT Flow Control Capable 1 Link Partner is 100BT Full duplex Capable O Link Partner NOT 100BT Full Duplex Capable 1 Link Partner is 100BT Half Duplex Capable O Link Partner NOT 100BT Half Duplex Capable 1 Link Partner is 10BT Full Duplex Capable O Link Partner NOT 10BT Full Duplex Capable 1 Link Partner is 10BT Half Duplex Capable O Link Partner NOT 10BT Half Duplex Capable Port 2 Status 0 See Port 1 Status 0 Description Port 3 Status 0 See Port 1 Status 0 Description Port 4 Status 0 See Port 1 Status 0 Description Port 5 Status 0 See Port 1 Status 0 Description Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 3 8 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Register Map REG DESC
55. a a high surge tolerant fuse rated for a maximum current of 1A or less for example see Bel Fuse MJS1 Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 1 0 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Optional Program Port Adjacent To DIP Switch S2 This connection requires an optional programming cable Acromag Model 5035 365 Earth Ground Warning To comply with safety and performance standards use shielded cable and connect earth ground as noted Failure to use good wiring and grounding practices may be unsafe and hurt performance TROUBLE SHOOTING Diagnostics Table If your problem still exists after checking your wiring and reviewing this information or if other evidence points to another problem with the unit an effective and convenient fault diagnosis method is to exchange the module with a known good unit Acromag s Application Engineers can provide further technical assistance if required Complete repair services are also available from Acromag Ethernet I O v Connection to program port P1 is not required to achieve basic operation Connection to this port is only required if you wish to make use of more advanced programmable features of this device such as port based VLAN support broadcast storm protection rate limiting and priority control An optional accessory cable Model 5035 365 and software are required to interface with this
56. and a recovery procedure is initiated collision detection is done by comparing voltage levels The slot time is the time after a device begins transmitting that it continues to listen for a collision Itis related to the time it would take to transmit 64 bytes or 512 bits of data this is the minimum packet size with ethernet Slot time is generally expressed in units of Bit Times Bit times represent the rate of transmission For a 10MHz system the bit time is 100ns For a 100MHz system the bit time is 10ns Therefore the slot time is 51 2us fora 10BaseT system and 5 12us for a 100BaseT system In order for each station to reliably detect collisions the minimum transmission time for a complete frame must be at least one slot time Further the time required for collisions to propagate the entire network must be less than one slot time As such a station cannot finish transmitting a frame before detecting that a collision has occurred unless the cable length is excessive This requires that the maximum round trip delay be less than 512 bit times Thus the slot time is also equivalent to the amount of time a device will wait after a collision before retransmitting The 512 bit slot time effectively establishes the minimum size of an Ethernet frame as 64 bytes This is why the slot time is sometimes defined as the time it takes to transmit 64 bytes Note that any frame less than 64 bytes is considered a collision fragment and automatically
57. cate within its VLAN membership and all multicast frames one sender to a group and broadcast frames one sender to everybody on the network will honor the VLAN configuration and not cross the VLAN boundary Whether unicast frames also honor the VLAN membership is separately determined via bit 7 of the Global Control 2 register Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O D J For example if port 1 is to participate in a VLAN with port 5 then bits 0 and Virtual LAN Support 4 of the Port 1 Control 1 Register must be set If port 4 is to participate in a second VLAN with port 5 then bits 3 and 4 of the Port 4 Control 1 register Port Based VLAN must be set Note that port 5 belongs to both VLAN s in this example as an egress port As such none of the broadcast traffic at port 1 will go to port 4 and none of the broadcast traffic at port 4 will go to port 1 Further incoming messages at ports 1 and 4 will be forwarded to port 5 only However incoming messages at port 5 will not be forwarded to ports 1 or 4 as port 5 is the egress port for VLAN s at ports 1 and 4 If you wanted port 5 to have two way communication with ports 1 or 4 then you would have to define a third VLAN at port 5 and set bits 0 3 and 4 of the Port 5 Control 1 Register The Router is required to communicate EXAM PL E PORT BASED VLAN
58. ch S2 4 ON or bit 1 of register 11 set ETHERNET Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Port Status LED Indication LED 1 Red Speed On 100M Off 10Mbps LED 2 Yellow Full Duplex Coll Constant ON FDX Intermittent ON Collision Constant OFF Half Duplex amp No Collision LED 3 Green Link Activity ON Full Duplex ON FDX OFF HDX Link Activity 10Mbps Onl Link Activity 100Mbps Onl The front panel label of the unit reflects LED functionality in default LED Mode 0 Link Activity LED Once auto negotiation has completed the Link Activity LED will be ON to indicate Link status This LED will blink ON OFF intermittently to indicate activity when data is being transferred at the port Collision LED If only one ethernet device is connected to a switch port then a full duplex connection is formed via auto negotiation and no collisions are possible In this case the collision LED will be ON to indicate full duplex not collision Collisions may only occur for half duplex communication with more than one device connected to a switch port The collision LED will blink intermittently as collisions occur for half duplex communication PUSH oot USE YOUR FINGER TO APPLY ee DOWNWARD PRESSURE HERE MODULE REMOVAL
59. cription Port 5 Control 11 Port 1 Control 11 Description Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 3 6 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Register Map Port Control 12 and 13 registers 28 amp 29 and Port Status 0 contents can be accessed by MIIM MDC MDIO interface via the standard MIIM register definition REG DESCRIPTION DEF 1CH Port 1 Control 12 5DH Bit Function 0 7 Disable Auto Negotiation AN 1 Disable Auto Negotiation Speed and Duplex are decided by bits 6 amp 5 of this register 0 Auto Negotiation is ON Force Speed w Auto Negotiation Off 1 Force 100baseT if Auto Neg is disabled via bit 7 0 Force 10baseT if Auto Neg is disabled via bit 7 Force Duplex w Auto Negotiation Off 1 Force Full Duplex if Auto Neg is disabled or Auto Neg is enabled but failed 0 Force Half Duplex if Auto Neg is disabled or Auto Neg is enabled but failed Note that this function may be optionally configured via DIP switch S1 7 for port 4 only ON Half Duplex following reset Advertise Flow Control Capability 1 Advertise Flow Control Capability 0 Suppress Flow Control Capability from transmission to link partner Advertise 100BaseT Full Duplex Capability 1 Advertise 100BaseT Full Duplex capability 0 Suppress 100BaseT Full Duplex capability from transmission to link partner
60. d to write the data in the file buffer to the EEPROM All the data in EEPROM will be overwritten with the data indicated in the current screen e Use Tools Modify to bring up an editing window to modify the data in the file buffer The Help About function only provides a method to display the current version number of this software To write data to the EEPROM registers you will need to refer to the EEPROM Register Map that follows You will have to enter data in byte form using two hexadecimal digits to represent the contents of each register The easiest way to accomplish this is to first use Tools Upload to load the screen buffer with the current EEPROM contents then use Tools Modify to change specific buffer registers as required for your application Then use Tools Download to download the new contents to the EEPROM In case of error you may wish to first use File Save As after you upload the EEPROM contents in order to preserve the original contents before making changes Note that there is no error checking done by this software it is up to you to make sure that you write the EEPROM registers correctly to affect its operation as required Be sure to follow your changes with a reset The operative values for most of the advanced features of this device are stored in EEPROM memory in the module The contents of these registers are loaded upon power up or after reset only when the module is
61. dcast packets are addressed to all nodes on a network and are typically Protection forwarded to all ports except the source ingress port What can happen is that if a broadcast multicast or unicast message is transmitted at a port all other ports can become flooded with this transmission and this will burden switch resources bandwidth and transmit queue space Broadcast storm protection is a method used to protect a switch port from receiving too many of these broadcast packets by discarding broadcast packets if their number exceeds a defined threshold in a preset amount of time When this time expires the receiving port resumes forwarding broadcast packets until the rate threshold is reached again For the Acromag 900EN S005 this protection may be enabled or disabled on a per port basis The protection rate is a 12 bit number representing the number of 64 byte blocks of packet data permissible in 50ms 100baseT or 500ms 10baseT The maximum broadcast receiving threshold is unlimited when protection is disabled default Broadcast Storm Protection Controls Port Control 0 bit 7 Protection Enable Per Port Set to enable broadcast storm protection Global Control 2 bit6 Multicast Storm Protection Disable Set to exclude multicast packets Dest Address FFFFFFFFFFFF from storm protection Global Controls 4 Protection Rate 12 bits Sets the number of 64 bits 2 0 amp 5 bits 7 0 byte blocks of packet data permissible
62. dentification VID 11 8 Port 2 Control 3 See Port 1 Control 3 Description Port 3 Control 3 See Port 1 Control 3 Description Port 4 Control 3 See Port 1 Control 3 Description Port 5 Control 3 See Port 1 Control 3 Description Port 1 Control 4 Function Port Default Tag Bits 7 0 VID 7 0 Port 2 Control 4 See Port 1 Control 4 Description Port 3 Control 4 See Port 1 Control 4 Description Port 4 Control 4 See Port 1 Control 4 Description Port 5 Control 4 See Port 1 Control 4 Description Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 3 3 REG _ DESCRIPTION DEF Register Map Rate Limiting This switch supports hardware rate limiting at its transmit and or receive ports Rate limiting is a form of flow control that enforces a strict bandwidth limit by counting the number of bytes to cross a port in one second You specify the maximum number of bytes in multiples of 382Kbps 32000 bits per second Port Control 5 11 Registers 21 27 allow you to apply different rate controls for both high priority and low priority packets Port 1 Control 5 Function Transmit HIGH Priority Rate Control 7 0 This byte along with port control 7 bits 3 0 form a 12 bit field to determine how many 32Kbps high priority blocks can be transmitted i
63. different cable or try using shielded cable RxAlignmentError STATISTIC INTERPRETATION ACTION RxControl8808Pkts This is a count of the number of frames received between 64 and 1522 1536 bytes long that do not have an integral number of octets and include a bad CRC checksum Usually a product of collisions duplex mismatch speed mismatch or bad hardware NIC cable or switch port Tracks the number of MAC control frames received by a port with 88 08H in the Ether Type field RxBroadcast TxBroadcastPkts Broadcast packets are a normal part of network operation Too many broadcast packets broadcast storms can use excessive bandwidth Broadcast storms occur when network stations create traffic that by its nature generates more traffic You can use VLAN s to prevent broadcast storms by creating separate broadcast domains which limit the area of the network each broadcast packet affects More VLAN s means less proliferation of broadcast packets RxMulticast TxMulticastPkts Multicast packets are a normal part of network operation but like broadcast packets too many multicast packets can use excessive bandwidth You can segment the network into smaller VLAN s and routing between them can help control the over proliferation of multicast messages RxJabbers RxOversize RxAlignmentError A high number of these errors may indicate a faulty node or port If a port is judged to be OK then the cable
64. e Diffserv method uses the TOS field in the IP header as a Differentiated Services Code Point DSCP to determine high and low priority on a per code point basis Each fully decoded code point can have either high or low priority and a wider spectrum of priority flow can be defined with this larger code space The most significant 6 bits of the IP header TOS field are fully decoded into 64 possibilities and each resultant singular code is compared against the corresponding bit in the DSCP register If the register bit is 1 the priority is high and low if 0 Each port has an enable port DSCP bit that when set causes the DSCP field of the IP header to determine the high or low priority There is also a global DSCP Priority Points register 64 bits that is used to fully decode the priority of the 6 bit DSCP field of the IP header When setting up a priority scheme other controls are also available to regulate traffic such as the Priority Scheme bits which control the interleaving of high and low priority frames This is a global all ports transmit buffer high low interleave control see register 5 bits 3 2 Options allow high low ratios of 2 1 5 1 10 1 up to delivering all high priority packets first Another global priority control is the Priority Buffer Reserve bit that when set will allocate 48 buffers per output port for high priority traffic only A separate buffer share bit can also be used to cause all ports to share the available buf
65. e Speed 100M ON 10M OFF Full Duplex ON Collision Blinking Link ON Activity Blinking respectively This unit also has advanced features and options that may be selected via DIP switches or optionally under program control These features and alternate operating modes are explained in the Technical Reference section at the back of this manual Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual The default mode of operation for this device is operation in DIP Switch Mode As shipped from the factory this unit should have all DIP switches OFF with the piano style switch levers of S1 and S2 levers in the up position as shown in the following drawing plastic switch cover removed 900E S005 TOP EDGE POWER 0 0 0 0M HHO DIP SWITCHES S1 amp S2 ARE SHOWN AS SHIPPED FROM THE FACTORY ALL OFF This is sufficient for default operation as a 5 port 10 100Mbps auto MDI MDI X Ethernet switch There are two sets of DIP switches that determine operation the interface selection switch S2 and the operation options switch S1 By default both sets of switches are in their OFF positions Ethernet I O 5 BASIC OPERATION DIP Switch Mode The interface selection switch S2 controls how the switch is to obtain its initial configuration at power up the operation of the port LED s and
66. e one second interval expires If the rate limit is programmed greater than or equal to 128Kbps and the byte counter is 8Kbytes below the limit this flow control will still be triggered If the rate limit is programmed lower than 128Kbps and the byte counter is 2Kbytes below the limit the flow control will also be triggered If priority is enabled you can apply different rate controls for both high priority and low priority packets see Port Control 5 11 Registers 21 27 Rate Limiting Controls Port Control 11 bit 0 High Priority Transmit Rate Control Enable Set to enable Clear to disable Port Control 11 bit 1 Low Priority Transmit Rate Control Enable Set to enable Clear to disable Port Control 11 bit 2 Transmit Differential Priority Rate Control Set to perform transmit rate control on both high and low priority packets using high and low priority rate counters Clear to perform transmit rate control on any packets using low priority rate counter Port Control 11 bit 3 High Priority Receive Rate Flow Control Enable Set to assert flow control if the high priority receive rate is exceeded differential receive rate control bit 7 must also be set Clear to not assert flow control if the high priority receive rate is exceeded Port Control 11 bit 4 Low Priority Receive Rate Flow Control Enable Set to assert flow control if the low priority receive rate is exceeded Clear to not assert flow control if the low priority receive rate is
67. ed Do Not Read Write 0 0 127 7FH Analog Testing Status Read Only 00H 7 0 Reserved Do Not Read Write 0 0 Notes Register Map 1 LED Display Modes Each port of this module has three port status LED s The relative function of these LED s is determined by DIP switch 2 4 in DIP Switch Mode or bit 1 of register 11 The following table gives the default LED indication mode 0 DIP switch S2 4 OFF or bit 1 of register 11 clear and the optional LED indication mode mode 1 DIP switch S2 4 ON or bit 1 of register 11 set LED 1 Red Speed On 100M Off 10Mbps LED 2 Yellow LED 3 Green Full Duplex Coll Link Activity Constant ON FDX ON Intermittent ON Collision Constant OFF Half No Coll Link Activity 10Mbps Only Full Duplex ON FDX OFF HDX Link Activity 100Mbps Only The same socket that is used to program the EEPROM memory also doubles as an SPI interface to the internal switch ASIC This provides run time access to all of the registers outlined in the EEPROM Mode plus access to all static MAC entries the VLAN table the dynamic MAC address table and the MIB counters Note that the SPI interface of this model is used to read and modify the registers in the switch ASIC itself and does not access or update the EEPROM of the module As such changes made in SPI mode will be lost if power is interrupted Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 62
68. ed Twisted Pair UTP wiring that has a 1000 characteristic impedance and meets the EIA TIA Category Five wire specifications For 10Base T systems you may use Category 3 Category 4 or Category 5 UTP cable In either case you are limited to 100 meters between any two devices A crossover cable simply connects the differential transmit pair on each end to the receive pair at the opposite end Note that network switches and hubs are wired MDI X by default while your PC is wired MDI This switch does not require use of a crossover cable It is documented here for use with Acromag 9xxEN Ethernet VO modules Ethernet I O RJ45 MDI AND MDI X CONNECTIONS MDI WIRING MDI X WIRING 1 ETHERNET PORT 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 RJ 45 CONNECTOR Note Crossover Connections MININMUMRECOMVENDED CABLE 10Base T 100M CAT 3 CAT 4 or CAT 5 UTP STP 100Base T 100M CAT 5 UTP STP CROSSOVER CABLE FORMA TO MJ ORM X TO MDFX CROSSOVER RJ45 Clip Side Down CONNECTIONS RJ45 Clip Side Down E z PINS 1TO3 2TO6 3TO1 6TO2 TIP You can easily determine if a patch cable is a crossover cable upon inspection by holding both end plugs together in the same direction and reading the wire colors from left to right through the clear portion of the plug If the wire color arrangement is in the same order then the cable is a
69. egisters 96 103 Services Code point for the IPv4 TOS Type Of Service priority control that is used to determine packet priority from the 6 bit TOS field of the IP header The most significant 6 bits of the TOS field are fully decoded into 64 possibilities and the singular code that results is compared against the corresponding bit in the DSCP register If the register bit is a 1 the priority is high if it is a 0 the priority is low Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O D D This model provides support for port based Virtual Local Area Networks Virtual LAN Support VLAN Tag based VLAN controls require the use of SPI Slave Mode Port Based VLAN which is not covered in this manual and is reserved for factory use Thus this section will focus on the more common port based VLAN definitions which can be preprogrammed in EEPROM Mode then take effect at power up or following the next reset A Virtual LAN VLAN is an exclusive broadcast domain or network segment that allows multiple nodes members at different physical locations on different LAN s or segments to communicate with each other as if they were on a common LAN VLAN s subdivide a physical network and isolate network segments via logical grouping as opposed to physical grouping This is normally done in an effort to constrain overall
70. er than the target port This makes data transfer less efficient and needlessly increases network traffic DESCRIPTION Global Control 1 continued Function Ethernet I O DEF 04H Frame Length Field Check 1 Check the frame length field in the IEEE packets and if the actual length does not match the packet will be dropped for L lt 1500 0 Do not check frame length Aging Enable 1 Enable aging default aging period is 300 75s 0 Disable aging This function may optionally be controlled via DIP switch 1 Fast Aging Enable 1 Turn on fast aging 800us 0 Standard aging 300 75s See Note at left Aggressive Back Off Enable Half Duplex 1 Enable the more aggressive back off algorithm in half duplex mode to enhance performance this is not an IEEE standard Default is ON in EEPROM mode and OFF in DIP Switch Mode 0 Disable aggressive back off This function may optionally be controlled via DIP switch S1 5 which is OFF by default Function Unicast Port VLAN Mismatch Discard This feature is used for port VLAN s see registers 17 and 33 1 All packets cannot cross VLAN boundary 0 Unicast packets excluding unknown multicast broadcast can cross VLAN boundary Multicast Storm Protection Disable 1 Broadcast Storm Protection does not include multicast packets Only DA FFFFFFFFFFFF packets will be regulated 0 Broadcast Storm Protection includes DA FFFFFFFFFFFF and DA 40 1 packets
71. erly terminates cable shield for noise resistance ESD protection and lower emissions e Plug in Terminal Block amp DIN Rail Mount Makes mounting removal and replacement easy e 10Base T and 100Base TX Support Auto negotiated 10 100Mbps half or full duplex with flow controls and compliant to IEEE 802 3u e Fully Isolated Individual ports and input power are isolated from each other for safety and increased noise immunity e Auto MDI MDI X Crossover amp Auto Polarity No special up link down link port or crossover cables are required This switch eliminates need for crossover cables when connecting your PC to Acromag 9xxEN I O modules Further switch automatically selects the correct plus and minus polarities for the differential Tx Rx channel pairs e Unmanaged Stand Alone Operation No PC for basic operation e Wire Speed Receive and Transmit Non Blocking Switch Allows simultaneous transmission on all ports e Three Programmable LED s Per Port Select from two LED modes that combine Link Activity Full Half duplex amp Speed indication e Optional DIP Switch Programming Some options may be selected via a 4 Position and 8 Positon DIP switch on the module e Optional Program Via Parallel Port Advanced options may be programmed via connection to host PC parallel port LPTx This connection requires an optional cable Model 5035 365 and software e Broadcast Storm Protection Helps unburden switch
72. es media access large domains containing many nodes can become quite cumbersome Thus using an Ethernet switch to subdivide a large network into separate collision domains will certainly help to increase throughput Each port of a switch forwards data to another port based on the MAC address contained in the received data packet frame In order to know which port to forward a data packet to the switch will learn and store the MAC addresses of every device it is connected to along with the associated port number up to 1024 MAC addresses are stored in high speed SRAM However until the switch actually learns the port a particular address resides at the first packet it forwards this traffic to all ports The switch will use this internal look up table to quickly determine the location port of a node establish a temporary connection between itself and the node then terminate the connection once a packet is transferred In this way it increases network bandwidth and provides the network determinism required for critical control applications This switch uses a store and forward algorithm to process Ethernet frames That is it first stores the Ethernet frame and examines it for errors before forwarding it to its destination Although this method may seem to increase the forwarding time latency and possibly cause fragmentation it effectively reduces the occurrence of error frames and improves overall throughput This is particularly useful
73. fer pool and allow any port to use more than its allocated amount 1 5 of available buffer space when the other ports are not busy On an individual port basis we have the Enable Diffserv DSCP Enable 802 1p and Enable Port Based Priority bits described above plus an Enable Port Queue Split that splits the transmit queue of the desired port for high and low priority traffic Note that default high priority classification is a VLAN tag value greater than 4 and low priority being 3 or less this applies if the 802 1 global priority classification is clear or not defined Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 5A BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Priority Controls Priority Controls A so See Priority Controls of Rate Limiting General Priority Global Control 2 BitO Priority Buffer Reserve Set to pre allocate 48 output buffers to each output queue exclusive to high priority packets enable this when priority queue feature is enabled Global Control 3 Transmit Buffer Priority Scheme High Low Bits 3 2 Interleave Select 00 Always deliver high priority packets first 01 Deliver high low packets at a ratio of 10 1 10 Deliver high low packets at a ratio of 5 1 11 Deliver high low packets at a ratio of 2 1 Port Control 0 Bit 0 Port Split Enable For Priority Set to split the port transmit queue into separate high and low priority queues Clear for a
74. found in their electrical performance and this is documented in the TIA EIA 568 A standard This device is designed for use in harsh industrial environments Acromag recommends the use of shielded cable when wiring to this device Select STP Shielded Twisted Pair cable rather than UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair The use of shielded cable will help protect the data being transmitted from harmful EMI Electromagnetic Interference and RFI Radio Frequency Interference It will also help to lower your radiated emissions by keeping the cable from emitting EMI and RFI There are two types of cable conductors solid cable and stranded cable Stranded cables are more flexible than solid cables But since attenuation is higher for stranded cables than solid conductor cables these are generally reserved for short runs and patch applications less than 6 meters Currently there are two types of shielding employed in Category 5 STP cable single shielded and double shielded Both of these cables have the same core and jacket as UTP cables but also include a thin foil outer shield that covers all four twisted wire pairs Variations may include a drain wire that encircles the outer jacket A double shielded version adds an outer wire screen that surrounds the foil shield and also functions as a drain wire The drain wire or wire screen typically makes contact at each end of the cable with the metal shield around special RJ45 plug connectors This shield then
75. he User Priority is compared against this 3 bit value If it is greater than or equal to then it is classified as high priority If it is less then it is classified as low priority 1 Enable PHY MII interface O Tri state all MII interface outputs This model does not implement the MIl interface Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com Ethernet I O BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 2 5 DESCRIPTION DEF Register Map Bit Function Buffer Share Mode 1 Share buffer pool among all ports and allow any port to use more buffer than allocated when other ports are not busy default 0 Restrict each port to 1 5 of available buffer pool UNH Mode 1 Switch will drop packets with 8808H in T L field or with DA 01 08 C2 00 00 01 0 Switch will drop packets qualified as flow control packets Link Change Age 1 A change from link to no link will cause fast aging less than 800us of addresses After an age cycle is complete the aging logic will return to normal 300475 seconds Note If any port is unplugged all addresses are automatically aged out 0 Do not allow fast aging Aging period remains 300 75 seconds Global Control 1 04H Function Pass ALL Frames Enable 1 Switch all packets including bad packets Used for debugging purposes only and works in conjunction with sniffer mode 0 Do not
76. he link becomes inactive that a device must wait before transmitting data on the link Note that for shared Ethernet the network has to be silent no data transfer for a few microseconds before any node can consider the network idle and start to transmit This delay time applied between successive data packets is required by the network standard and is called the interpacket gap time IPG This delay is approximated by the signal propagation time on the cable which allows the silence to reach the remote end of the network so that all nodes can detect idle The Bit Time BT is simply the reciprocal of the data rate With respect to the 900EN S005 when a frame is successfully transmitted the IPG is 96 bit times and measured between the two consecutive MT XEN Transmit Enable If the current packet is experiencing a collision the 96 bit time IPG is measured from MCRS Carrier Sense and the next MTXEN Transmit Enable Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Network Time Parameter Bit Time BT 10BaseT 10MHz 100ns 100BaseT 100MHz 10ns Slot Time 512BT 51 2us 512BT 5 12us InterPacket Gap Time 9 6us 0 96us The internal switch engine will forward packets according to a two stage algorithm illustrated in the following flow chart It first looks up the VLAN ID static table and dy
77. iar terms topics and TERMS AND operating modes CONCEPTS The MDI Medium Dependent Interface is the part of the Media Attachment Unit MAU that provides the physical and electrical connection to the cabling E medium MDI X MDI crossover is a version of MDI that enables a Auto MDIMDI X connection between like wired devices In practice MDI ports connect to Crossover and MDI X ports via straight through twisted pair cable whereas MDI to MDland Auto Polarity MDIX to MDIX require a crossover cable With auto crossover the port will automatically detect the remote transmit and receive pairs and correctly assign them to the internal transmit and receive channels Thus it is not necessary to make a distinction between 1 1 straight through cable connections or crossover connections when wiring to this device This also eliminates the necessity of having to provide an additional up link crossover port on the device as all ports of the 9OOEN S005 are equivalent Additionally with auto polarity correction this device will detect and correct the plus and minus polarities of the differential transmit and receive channels as required Auto MDI MDI X Controls CONTROL REGISTER FUNCTION Port Control 13 bit 2 Set to disable Auto MDI MDI X Clear to enable Auto MDI MDI X Default Port Control 13 bit 1 Set to force MDI mode at port if auto MDI MDI X is disabled Clear to not force MDI mode Port Status 0 bit 7 Read Only to determ
78. icccincsceccstscscustcaasamenceas Auto MDI MDI X Crossover Auto Negotiation Auto Sense 68 Automatic Address Management 0 5 CSMAICD Slot WANG ae ese Seca cei kinnina sanina KENS Gate tenet Geena Inter Packet Gap IPG eceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Switch Forwarding cccsceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenenens Traffic Flow Controls Broadcast Storm Protection cccesseeeees Rate Limiting Priority COntrols ccceceeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeeeeeeees Virtual LAN Support Port Based VLAN s SPECIFICATIONS boc eceniinet antanas aa Model Number Ethernet Interface cccsceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenenes Program Interface ccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees Enclosure and Physical sceencsetacetontensscceeare Agency Approvals ccceceeeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees Environmental Controls amp Indicators cccccceeseeeeseeeaeeeaees ACCESSORY CABLEG ccccccceeneeeeeaeeeeeenees Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation OONNODOAHRHRWWO Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 3
79. imum size or diameter of a collision domain is determined by adding the repeater delays the cable delay NIC Network Interface Card delays plus a safety factor of 5 bit times one way and making sure that this sum is less than or equal to 512 bit times round trip Good design practice also takes into account the collision sense time and by keeping the total delay time less than or equal to 80 of allowable or about 400 bit times The following table gives typical delays one way for various Fast Ethernet components Fast Ethernet NIC Fast Ethernet Switch Port Class Repeater Class Il Repeater Cat 5 UTP Cable per 100M 330ft Multimode Fibre per 100M 330ft Collision Sensing Time Using the information given in the above table plus a 5 bit time safety factor you can determine if a given network connection is permissible by making sure that the one way delay between the two furthest nodes is less than half the slot time 25 6us 10BaseT or 2 56us 100BaseT Times given above are typical values for 100baseT components Double these figures for round trip delay times except collision sense time You may use these values for feasibility studies but you should recalculate using the actual time delays of your components as these times will vary between components While slot time is the time after a device begins transmission that it listens for a collision the inter frame gap is the amount of time after t
80. ine if port is MDI set or MDI X clear Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 4 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O TERMS AND CONCEPTS Auto Negotiation Auto Sense Automatic Address Management Learning Aging Migration This feature allows each port to automatically select the best common mode of operation with another node with respect to speed duplex and will automatically establish a half or full duplex connection at 10Mbps or 100Mbps as required Auto Negotiation Controls Port Control 12 bit 7 Set to disable Auto Negotiation clear to enable If AN is disabled speed and duplex are determined by bits 6 and 5 of Port Control 12 register Port Control 12 bit 6 If AN is disabled set to force speed to 100baseT clear to force 10baseT Port Control 12 bit 5 If AN is disabled or if AN is enabled but failed set to force Full Duplex clear to force Half Duplex Port Control 13 bit 5 Set to restart Auto Negotiation Clear for normal operation Port Status 0 bit 6 Read Only to determine if port auto negotiation is done set or not done clear Port Control 12 Bit 3 Advertise 100baseT Full Duplex Capability Port Control 12 Bit 3 Advertise 100baseT Half Duplex Capability Port Control 12 Bit 3 Advertise 10baseT Full Duplex Capability Port Control 12 Bit 3 Advertise 10baseT Half Duplex Capability Port Status 0 Bit
81. itch doesn t use these tags to make its switching decision as it does with tag based VLAN s Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http Awww acromag com 58 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O SPECIFICATIONS Model Number 900EN S005 Ethernet Interface This device is a DIN rail mount five port industrial Ethernet switch It is provided as an accessory for use with Acromag 9xxEN Ethernet I O modules and may be used to increase effective network bandwidth and help to ensure determinism for industrial control applications The 900EN S005 has been designed for wide ambient operation and is hardened for harsh environments with protection from RFI EMI ESD EFT and surges It also emits low radiation per strict CE requirements Its plug in terminal blocks and DIN Rail mount make mounting removal and replacement easy Port to port and port to power isolation enhances safety and increases noise immunity It is CE UL and cUL listed with Class Division 2 Groups A B C and D approvals making it suitable for use in the presence of explosive gases Units are DC powered reverse polarity protected and include redundant supply support The ProfiBus model prefix 900 denotes the Series 900 The EN suffix denotes Ethernet The four digit suffix of this model number represents the following options respectively S Switch 00 Default 5
82. ith your unit is folder labeled 9OOEN SO05 In this folder are three other folders labeled Manual DOSUtility and WindowsUtility DOSUtility contains a DOS program called 95m exe for reading and writing the contents of EEPROM in the 900EN A default settings data file called 95m dat is also provided WindowsUtility contains a Windows based program called keeprom exe for reading and writing the contents of EEPROM A default settings data file called default95m dat is also provided You may also download these files from our web site at www acromag com Keeprom exe or 95m exe will allow you to easily upload download new register data to the EEPROM as required for your application Before continuing be sure to connect the 9OOEN S005 to your PC s DB25 parallel port using Acromag cable Model 5035 365 sold separately and turn power on at the switch module Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com Note T and its Advanc 8500 72 have be BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 2 1 After executing the keeprom exe program a screen similar to the following EEPROM Programmer Utility keeprom exe BINARY NUMBER x2 2 i 9 DEC HEX 8 will appear s Untitled KEEPROM File Tools Help NI Od OF A Gd N OOO OO ooo o oOo o OC CO CO OF amp Ay
83. its operation if bits 7 4 of this register contain 0000 and register 0 contains 95H Otherwise it will use internal defaults and ignore the EEPROM contents Read Only Chip Revision ID Currently 2 Read Write Start Switch For SPI Slave Mode Only 1 Start switch automatically in SPI Slave Mode 0 Do Not Start switch in SPI Slave Mode In SPI Slave Mode an external master can randomly access an image of registers 0 127 within the ASIC However in SPI Mode the system should first configure all desired settings then enable the switch via this bit Recall that DIP Switch S2 3 is used to select the serial mode DIP switch S2 1 is used to enable communication with the EEPROM If switch S2 3 is OFF then the IC master mode is selected and the internal switch ASIC will start automatically after first trying to read the EEPROM contents If the EEPROM does not exist or is disabled DIP switch S2 1 is OFF the switch ASIC will use default values for all internal parameters Note that some default values can be set by changing DIP switches and resetting the module If the EEPROM is present DIP switch S2 1 is ON the contents of the EEPROM will be checked If EEPROM register 0 95H and register 1 bits 7 4 0000 then the contents of the EEPROM will over ride register default values and DIP switch settings Global Control 0 Function Reserved 802 1p Base Priority Used to classify priority for incoming 802 1Q packets T
84. lision based back pressure mode is enabled and no buffer space is available to the port the switch will send collision frames across the affected port and cause the transmitting station to resend the packets The switch can then use this retransmission time to clear its receive buffer by sending packets already in its queue For carrier sense the method used in 900EN S005 if back pressure is required the switch will send preambles to defer transmission by other stations this is called carrier sense deference After a certain amount of time the switch will discontinue the carrier sense then raise the carrier sense quickly in order to avoid jabber and excessive deference as defined by the IEEE 802 3 standard The resultant short silent time where no carrier sense is used is done to prevent other stations from sending out packets and will serve to keep the other stations in a carrier sense deferred state If a port has packets to send while applying this back pressure the carrier sense type back pressure will be interrupted and those packets will be transmitted instead If there are no more packets to send the carrier sense type back pressure will be activated again until switch resources free up If a collision occurs the binary exponential back off algorithm is skipped and carrier sense is generated immediately reducing the chance of further collisions and maintaining carrier sense to prevent the reception of additional packets Traffic
85. mag com 3 0 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Register Map REG DESCRIPTION DEF 16 10H Port 4 Control 0 continued 00H Function 802 1p Priority Classification Enable 1 Enable for ingress packets on the port 0 Disable 802 1p priority classification Port Based Priority Classification Enable 1 Port ingress packets are classified as high priority if Diffserv or 802 1p are not enabled or if unit fails to classify O Ingress packets on port will be classified as low priority if Diffserv or 802 1p are not enabled or if unit fails to classify Note Difserv 802 1p and port priority can all be enabled at the same time The or ed result of 802 1p and Diffserv DSCP overwrites port priority Reserved Do Not Write Tag Insertion Enable 1 When packets are output on a port the switch will add 802 1Q tags to packets without 802 1Q tags when received The switch will NOT add tags to packets already tagged The tag inserted is the ingress port VLAN ID port VID 0 Disable tag insertion Tag Removal 1 When packets are output on a port the switch will remove 802 1Q tags from packets with 802 1Q tags when received The switch will NOT modify packets received without tags 0 Disable tag removal Priority Port Split Enable 1 The port output queue is split into high and low priority queues 0 Single output queue on the port No priority diffe
86. makes contact with the metal shield of shielded RJ45 sockets The socket shield may make direct contact with earth ground or it may be capacitively coupled to earth ground In the Acromag 9xxEN modules it makes contact with earth ground via a high voltage capacitor and transient voltage suppressor In addition to separately isolating the shield this helps to minimize radio frequency and electromagnetic interference and has the added benefit of protection from ESD Electro Static Discharge Further Acromag recommends the use of enhanced Category 5 cable CAT 5e Category 5e cable has a greater number of turns per inch in its twisted pairs and its performance is also more suitable for applications that make use of all four wire pairs for simultaneous bidirectional data transmission full duplex Acromag offers the following cable accessories ACCESSORY CABLES TIP In our own tests for radiated emissions the use of STP shielded cable instead of UTP unshielded cable lowered emissions by as much as 7aB Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 64 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Patch Cable amp Cable Model 5035 355 A yellow 3 foot long single shielded Category 5e Crossover Cable STP patch cable with an RJ45 plug at both ends Cable Model 5035 360 A green 5 foot long single shielded Category 5e STP crossover cable with an RJ45 plug a
87. n a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port 2 Control 5 See Port 1 Control 5 Description Port 3 Control 5 See Port 1 Control 5 Description Port 4 Control 5 See Port 1 Control 5 Description Port 5 Control 5 See Port 1 Control 5 Description Port 1 Control 6 Function Transmit LOW Priority Rate Control 7 0 This byte along with port control 7 bits 7 4 form a 12 bit field to determine how many 32Kbps low priority blocks can be transmitted in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port 2 Control 6 See Port 1 Control 6 Description Port 3 Control 6 See Port 1 Control 6 Description Port 4 Control 6 See Port 1 Control 6 Description Port 5 Control 6 See Port 1 Control 6 Description Port 1 Control 7 Function Transmit LOW Priority Rate Control 11 8 This nibble along with port control 6 bits 7 0 form a 12 bit field to determine how many 32Kbps low priority blocks can be transmitted in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Transmit HIGH Priority Rate Control 11 8 This nibble along with port control 5 bits 7 0 form a 12 bit field to determine how many 32Kbps high priority blocks can be transmitted in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port 2 Control 7 See Port 1 Control 7 Description Port 3 Control 7 See Port 1 Control 7 Description Port 4 Control 7 See Port 1 Control 7 Description P
88. namic table for the Destination Address DA and resolves to a port to forward 1 PTF1 The PTF1 is then modified by the spanning tree not supported IGMP snooping port mirroring and port VLAN processes to resolve to a port to forward 2 PTF2 PTF2 is where the packet will be sent Not all of these stages are supported by this model Resolving Destination Sart Address Flow Chart PIFI NULL lt aio Search Complete lt lt GetPTF1 From Staic Table able Not Found Search Complete Found h Dyn Get PTF1 From Tabi y Dynamic Table as Not Found Search Complete GetPTF1 From VLAN Table y gt PT arch Satie Search Based On DAor DA FID Sag Point N Search VLAN Table Spanning Tree Ingress VLAN Filter Process Discard NPVID Check Not Supported Chk Rx Port Receive Enable Bit Chk Dest Port Transmit Enable Bt y IGMP Process Applied to MAC 1 thru MAC 4 IGMP willbe forwarded to port5 Rx Mrror Search Based PortMrror Tx Mrror Process Rx or Tx Mrror Rx and Tx Mirror Port VLAN Membership Check 1 Sage 2 o Forward 1 Fire Packet Forwarded Here The 900EN S005 will not forward the following packets e Error packets Framing errors FCS errors alignment errors and illegal size packet errors e IEEE 802 3x Pause Frames The switch will intercept these packets and perform
89. nded LAN where the cable is too long or where more than two repeaters are used between stations A high number of collisions is also indicative of a congested network and some nodes may need to be relocated to another segment A node on the segment may also have a faulty adapter that is not listening before broadcasting and you may have to isolate each network adapter to see if the problem disappears Guidelines for collision rates are as follows e 10 is a normal rate for shared segments e 30 is a rate where collisions begin to interfere with performance e 70 is judged to be a practical limit where below this the network is considered functional Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 1 D TECHNICAL REFERENCE e Safety Agency Approvals CE UL amp cUL listed plus Class l Division KEY FEATURES 2 Groups A B C D approvals e Wide Range DC Power w Redundant Power Connection Diode coupled for use with redundant supplies and or battery back up An extra power terminal is provided for optional standby backup power e Wide Ambient Operation Reliable over a wide temperature range e Hardened For Harsh Environments For protection from RFI EMI ESD EFT amp surges Has low radiated emissions per CE requirements e Adds Support For Double Shielded RJ45 Connectors amp Cable Prop
90. ng changes The reset button is located in the top edge opening adjacent to the power terminals and DIP switches as shown below eee pidda pS 1294567 Bist DUUN ONY L For an explanation of unfamiliar terms or modes of operation please refer to the Technical Reference section of this manual Socket P1 is located on top of switch bank 2 and is used to provide program access to the internal EEPROM registers which determine operation of this switch in EEPROM Mode S2 1 ON Alternately this connector also provides run time access to the internal registers of the switch ASIC for operation in SPI Slave Mode An optional program cable is required to connect your PC to this port order Acromag cable Model 5035 365 The software required to make use of EEPROM mode is located on the CDROM shipped with your unit EEPROM Mode is also discussed in the Technical Reference section of this manual Each port of this module has three port status LED s red yellow and green The relative function of these LED s is determined by DIP Ta switch S2 4 in DIP Switch Mode or optionally lee via bit 1 of register 11 in EEPROM mode see ar x2 Red Yellow Green Technical Reference Cx ine The following table gives the default LED Funcion For Default indication in mode 0 DIP switch S2 4 OFF or Indicator Mode 0 bit 1 of register 11 clear and the optional LED indication mode 1 DIP swit
91. nodes Broadcast packets are delivered to all destination nodes Port Control 1 Bits 4 0 Port VLAN Membership Note that any port can only communicate within the VLAN membership if included Use these flags to specify which ports belong to the VLAN at this port Set to include a port clear to exclude a port You must also include this port the ingress port The five ports of this switch are applied to bits 4 0 as follows Bit 4 Port 5 Bit 3 Port 4 Bit 2 Port 3 Bit 1 Port 2 Bit O Port 1 The port this control applies to is the input ingress port for the VLAN while the membership defines the other ports as output egress port s of the VLAN For the 900EN S005 a port based VLAN is setup by programming the Port VLAN Membership bits of the Port Control 1 register in EEPROM The concept of VLAN membership is taken from the perspective of the input ingress port and which output egress port s it sees directly through the switch The Port Control 1 register you use corresponds to the ingress port of the VLAN you define you still have to set its membership bit though while the other bits define the membership of that VLAN as output egress ports Because the VLAN is defined at the input ingress port with respect to its output egress port s if you wish to allow two separate ports to talk to each other both directions then you must define the egress for both ports separately Note that a port can only communi
92. not guaranteed by Acromag TROUBLE SHOOTING Diagnostics Table Useful Statistics Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 1 2 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O or alignment error electrical noise A high number of fragmented packets can result from interference induced on the network cable either passing too close to noisy devices or because of problems with network devices themselves Check for improper cabling damaged cable or cables routed too close to noisy equipment The use of shielded Cat 5e STP cable may also help TROUBLE STATISTIC INTERPRETATION ACTION RxUndersizePkt This counts packets that are less than the requisite SHOOTING 64 octets including FCS octets but are otherwise well formed good Frame Check Sequence Useful Statistics This is usually the result of software errors Note that undersized and fragmented packets are also referred to as runts RxOversize This counts packets that are longer than 1522 bytes including the FCS octets or 1536 depending on Max Packet Size set but are otherwise well formed valid CRC FCS Oversized or too long packets are often caused by a bad transceiver a malfunction of the jabber protection mechanism of the transceiver or excessive noise on the cable A transceiver on the network may be adding bits to the packets transmitted You can use a net
93. nsmit data On shared ethernet any device can try to send a data frame at any time Normally each device will first sense whether the line is idle and available for use channel clear If it is clear the device will begin to transmit its first frame During this transmission the device will listen for a time to ensure that its transmission is being faithfully produced and that no other device attempts a simultaneous transmission If another device also happened to send a frame at approximately the same time then a collision is detected an abnormal voltage level that exceeds the Collision Detect threshold and the originating station will attempt to reinforce the collision by applying a JAM signal frame preamble plus 32 alternating bits The jam signal causes non transmitting stations to wait until the jam signal ends prior to attempting to transmit and will signal to all stations sharing the connection to discard the frame Each competing device then waits a random amount of time back off and retries its transmission until it is successfully sent Exponential Backoff The process by which a host that has experienced a collision on a network waits for an amount of time before attempting to retransmit refers to its back off A random back off minimizes the probability that the same nodes will collide again Sometimes increasing the back off period after each collision will also help to prevent repeated collisions especially when the netwo
94. ombine speed link status activity indication and duplex indication The LED indication mode is programmed via DIP switch S2 4 or via bit 1 of EEPROM register 11 Mode LED1 Red LED 2 Yellow LED 3 Green 0 Speed On Full Duplex Coll Link Activity Default 100M Off Constant ON FDX ON 10Mbps Intermittent ON Collision Constant Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 63 OFF Half No Coll Full Duplex Link Activity Link Activity ON FDX 10Mbps Only 100Mbps OFF HDX On Controls Reset Switch This momentary push button is located adjacent to the power terminals and is used to reset the module and facilitate in field reconfiguration via the DIP switches Push this button after making changes to DIP switch settings in order to excecute the changes DIP Switches A 12 position DIP switch is located in the top opening next to the power terminals and reset button and is used to select alternate modes of operation Refer to Basic Operation for more information The minimum cable required for full operation of this device is Category 5 The term Category refers to classifications of UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair and STP Shielded Twisted Pair cables There are 3 main categories of cable Category 3 Category 4 and Category 5 The differences in classification is
95. on an input port in 50ms 100baseT or 500ms 10baseT Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 5 1 Rate limiting is a form of flow control that is used to enforce a strict Rate Limiting bandwidth limit which allows you to specify the maximum number of bytes a port can send and or receive This switch supports fixed rate limiting independently at its receive and transmit channels on a per port basis The port will drop bytes that exceed the rate limit you specify separately for receive and or transmitted data Fixed rate limiting applies to all types of traffic on a port and in priority or non priority environments Programmable rate limiting allows separate transmit and receive rate limits to be set at each port It may also set different rate limits for high and low priority packets You specify the maximum number of bytes in bits per second bps The rate limiting feature works over one second intervals The rate limit starts from OKbps up to the line rate in multiples of 32Kbps 32768bps At the beginning of each interval the internal counter is cleared to 0 and the rate limit function starts to count the number of bytes during this one second interval If the number of bytes exceeds the programmed limit the switch will stop receiving packets and or stop transmitting packets at the port until th
96. oot long 6 wire IDC cable with a 6 pin header at one end 2 rows of 3 pins with pin 3 removed and a DB25M connector at the other end This cable is used to connect between the parallel port of a personal computer and the program port of the 900EN S005 Use this cable to write to EEPROM of the switch EEPROM Mode or to access the runtime registers of the switch in SPI Slave Mode Additional software is required to use this cable and is located on the CDROM shipped with your unit A diagram of this cable and interface is provided below If you need to service this cable or you wish to build your own cable you can obtain the necessary parts from other vendors For the 6 wire IDC cable and header assembly see Samtec part number HCMD 03 S 50 00 02 www samtec com The DB25M IDC connector is a common part that can be obtained from many vendors including 3M www 3M com and Kycon www kycon com 9 BEN SOOS PROGRAM CABLE MODEL 50535 5365 Ethernet I O 65 Patch Cable amp Crossover Cable Programming Cable 5035 365 Note The 5035 365 cable and its associated Advanced Features 8500 725 users manual have been discontinued BLUE COMPLETED CABLE IS MODEL 5035 365 o CABLE AND HEADER ASSEMBLY IS ACROMAG PART 1004 929 HEADER amp DB25PINS WIRE COLOR 5825M IDC CONNECTOR IS ACROMAG PART 1004 930 GREEN A DB 25 16 G
97. operating in EEPROM Mode A runtime image of these registers are also available in SPI mode SPI Mode registers do not reside in EEPROM You can make changes to these internal program registers as required for your application according to the register map that follows IMPORTANT In order to access on board EEPROM you must place the module in EEPROM I C Mode by setting DIP switch S2 3 to OFF Additionally DIP switch S2 2 is set ON to provide direct EEPROM access and DIP switch S2 1 is set ON to enable initialization via EEPROM Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 2 3 As part of its initialization routine performed on power up or after a reset the EEPROM Register Map internal switch engine will read the contents of 110 EEPROM registers registers 0 109 to determine its setup when placed in EEPROM mode DIP Switch S2 1 ON If however DIP switch S2 1 is OFF it will instead use its internal defaults along with the DIP switch settings to determine its setup In any case DIP switch S2 1 must be ON in order read the EEPROM Further the first 2 bytes stored in EEPROM must be 95 and 00 respectively in order for loading to occur if these 2 values are incorrect then all other EEPROM data will be ignored Any changes to either the module s DIP switches or the EEPROM registers will not take effect until
98. or optionally up to 1916 bytes huge packet support is enabled via Register 4 bit 2 and will discard frames less than 64 bytes minimum valid packet size DIP switch S1 6 or Register 3 bit 3 may be used to disable the maximum frame length check Late Collision After beginning transmission in CSMA CD a device listens for a period of time in order to detect a collision this is the slot time It listens for an amount of time equivalent to the time it would take to transmit the smallest valid packet in Ethernet 64 bytes or 512 bits of data However if a transmit packet has a collision after 512 bit times of the transmission the packet will be dropped Late collisions refer to collisions that exceed the slot time The occurrence of late collisions is indicative of illegal cable length Protocol analyzers are often used to detect late collisions and troubleshoot cable problems Packet Frame Checking amp Collision Controls Global Control 1 bit 0 Half Duplex Aggressive Back Off Enable Set to enable the more aggressive half duplex Also see Switch S1 5 in back off proprietary Clear for standard IEEE DIP Switch Mode 802 3 binary exponential back off Global Control 1 bit 3 Frame Length Field Check Set to cause the switch to check the frame length field of the packet and if it doesn t match the measured length drop the packet Clear to not verify frame length Global Control 2 bit 3 Disable Packet Drop For Excessive Collision
99. ort 5 Control 7 See Port 1 Control 7 Description Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 34 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Register Map DESCRIPTION Port 1 Control 8 Function Receive HIGH Priority Rate Control 7 0 This byte along with Port Control 10 bits 3 0 form a 12 bit field to determine how many 32Kbps high priority blocks can be received in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port 2 Control 8 See Port 1 Control 8 Description Port 3 Control 8 See Port 1 Control 8 Description Port 4 Control 8 See Port 1 Control 8 Description Port 5 Control 8 See Port 1 Control 8 Description Port 1 Control 9 Function Receive LOW Priority rate Control 7 0 This byte along with Port Control 10 bits 7 4 form a 12 bit field to determine how many 32Kbps low priority blocks can be received in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port 2 Control 9 See Port 1 Control 9 Description Port 3 Control 9 See Port 1 Control 9 Description Port 4 Control 9 See Port 1 Control 9 Description Port 5 Control 9 See Port 1 Control 9 Description Port 1 Control 10 Function Receive LOW Priority Rate Control 11 8 This nibble along with Port Control 9 bits 7 0 form a 12 bit field to determine how many 32Kbps low priority block
100. parallel port pins of your PC that connect to these pins PROGRAM INTERFACE KEY P1 DB25 10 DB25 9 DB25 01 are also indicated XSPIQ XSDA XSPIS P1 SOCKET PIN NUMBERS Use Acromag Cable l Model 5035 365 sold ee VANS separately to connect XSCL DB25 16 your PC s parallel port to the module at P1 You can refer to the Register Map that follows and program the EEPROM configuration registers as required by your application Simply connect this module s buffered program port to the parallel port of any DOS Windows based computer using Acromag cable Model 5035 365 sold separately With respect to the EEPROM s I C program interface data start and stop conditions are signaled on the data line as a state transition during clock high time A high to low transition indicates the start of data and a low to high transition indicates a stop condition The actual data that traverses the serial line changes during the clock low time This interface is compatible with the Atmel AT24C02 EEPROM and further timing and data sequences can be found in the Atmel AT24C02 specification www atmel com Alternately you may decide to use your own software to program EEPROM memory refer to Atmel AT24C02 timing diagrams In either case you must use Acromag cable 5035 365 to connect this device to your PC s parallel port LPT1 or LPT2 in order to accomplish reprogramming in this manner On the CDROM that shipped w
101. plement the MIl interface and this bit should remain set to 0 Switch MII Flow Control Enable 1 Enable full duplex flow control on switch MIl 0 Disable full duplex flow control on switch MII This model does not implement the MIl interface and this bit should remain set to 0 Switch MII 10BT 1 Switch MII interface is in 10Mbps mode 0 Switch MII interface is in 100Mbps mode This model does not implement the MIl interface and this bit should remain set to 0 NULL VLAN ID VID Replacement 1 Replace NULL VID with port VID 12 bits 0 Do not replace NULL VID Broadcast Storm Protection Rate Bits 10 8 These 3 bits along with Register 7 determine how many 64 byte blocks of packet data are allowed on an input port in a preset period This period is 50ms for 100BT or 500ms for 10BT The default is 1 Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 2 Q DESCRIPTION Register Map Global Control 5 Function Broadcast Storm Protection Rate Bits 7 0 This byte along with 3 bits of the previous register byte determine how many 64 byte blocks of packet data are allowed on an input port in a preset period The period is 50ms for 100BT or 500ms for 10BT The default is 1 4AH Note 148800 frames second 0 050s interval 0 01 1 approximately 74 frames interval 4AH Global Con
102. r factory use only and is not covered in this manual Connector P1 This buffered combination I C SPI interface uses the same connector as for EEPROM access DIP switch S2 1 and S2 3 must be ON and switch S2 2 OFF to utilize the SPI mode Signals P1 Program Interface Socket P1 combines I C SPI and ground signals for EEPROM programming or optional run time operation in SPI Slave Mode Refer to the signal table above for EEPROM I C interface signal descriptions SPI Bus Speed Up to 5MHz A high speed SPI master is recommended to prevent internal counter overflow NOTE A high rate of read errors in SPI mode is commonly caused by weak parallel port signals and poor cabling Interface cable 5035 565 is not sufficient for reliable operation in SPI Mode and Acromag makes no guaranty of operation in this mode Dimensions 1 97 inches wide 4 15 inches tall 4 55 inches deep Refer to the dimensions drawing at the front of this manual DIN Rail Mount Type EN50022 T rail 35mm I O Connectors Removable plug in type terminal blocks rated for 15A 300V AWG 12 24 stranded or solid copper wire Network Connector 8 pin RJ 45 connector socket with metal shield Note that shield is bypassed to earth ground at the ground G terminal via an isolation capacitor 1000pF and transient voltage suppressor The shield is also isolated from the RJ 45 pin circuits Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com ht
103. re If bit 7 is O and bit 6 is 1 all receive packets on this port will be rate controlled at the low priority rate 0 Disable port high priority receive rate control Low Priority Receive Rate Flow Control Enable 1 Flow control may be asserted if the port s low priority receive rate is exceeded 0 Flow control is not asserted if the port s low priority receive rate is exceeded High Priority Receive Rate Flow Control Enable 1 Flow control may be asserted if the port s high priority receive rate is exceeded to use this the differential receive rate control must be on see bit 7 0 Flow control is not asserted if the port s high priority receive rate is exceeded Transmit Differential Priority Rate Control 1 Will do a transmit rate control on both high and low priority packets based on the rate counters defined by the high and low priority packets respectively 0 Will do transmit rate control on any packets The rate counters defined in low priority will be used Low Priority Transmit Rate Control Enable 1 Enable port s low priority transmit rate control 0 Disable port s low priority transmit rate control High Priority Transmit Rate Control Enable 1 Enable port s high priority transmit rate control 0 Disable port s high priority transmit rate control Port 2 Control 11 Port 1 Control 11 Description Port 3 Control 11 Port 1 Control 11 Description Port 4 Control 11 Port 1 Control 11 Des
104. registers in EEPROM memory on board for more extensive control of EEPROM C available features and options than the DIP switches alone Access to this interface is provided via socket P1 which is nested in the opening with the DIP switches Use this interface to set up the switch prior to installation An optional program cable is required to connect this module to the host PC parallel port Acromag cable Model 5035 365 Refer to the EEPROM Mode section of this manual for more information on available features Connector P1 This buffered combination I C SPI interface uses the same connector and cable as for SPI access Acromag Cable Model 5035 365 DIP switch S2 3 must be OFF and switch S2 2 ON to provide EEPROM access DIP switch S2 1 must be ON to cause the module to use the EEPROM settings as opposed to the other DIP switches upon power up or after a reset EEPROM Atmel AT24C02 or equivalent 2K 256x8bits serial EEPROM Refer to EEPROM Mode of Advanced Operation for information on programming Signals P1 Program Interface Socket P1 combines I C SPI and ground signals for EEPROM programming or optional run time operation in SPI Slave Mode The following signals are supported Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 60 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O Program Interface EEPROM I C Program Interface SPI Slave Mode No
105. rentiation even though packets are classified into high or low priority Port 2 Control 0 See Port 1 Control 0 Description Port 3 Control 0 See Port 1 Control 0 Description Port 4 Control 0 See Port 1 Control 0 Description Port 5 Control 0 See Port 1 Control 0 Description 0 17 11H Port 1 Control 1 1FH Function Sniffer Port 1 Port is a designated sniffer port and will transmit packets that are monitored 0 Port is a normal port Receive Sniff 1 All the packets received on the port will be marked as monitored packets and forwarded to the designated sniffer port 0 No receive monitoring 8 Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 3 1 Register Map EL Port 1 Control 1 continued TH i Function Transmit Sniff 1 All the packets transmitted on the port will be marked as monitored packets and forwarded to the designated sniffer port 0 No transmit monitoring Port VLAN Membership Define VLAN ports 1 Include Port 0 Exclude Port Bit 4 Port 5 Bit 3 Port 4 Bit 2 Port 3 Bit 1 Port 2 Bit O Port 1 Note that a port can only communicate within the membership if it is included Port 2 Control 1 See Port 1 Control 1 Description Port 3 Control 1 See Port 1 Control 1 Description Port 4 Control 1 See Port
106. rk is heavily loaded In dealing with network contention this switch implements the IEEE Standard 802 3 binary exponential back off algorithm plus an optional aggressive mode backoff to further enhance performance Ethernet I O 43 TIP Ifyou hot swap port connections after applying power sometimes it may appear the switch has stopped communicating with your device as it may take up to 5 minutes to recognize the new connection aging period You can wait the requisite 5 minutes and the switch will recover on its own or you can simply reset the module Optionally you can either enable fast aging or enable fast aging when link status has changed to avoid this CSMA CD Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 44 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O CSMA CD Collision Retry The switch will normally retry a transmission if a collision occurs and drop packets after 16 or more collisions Optionally you can choose not to drop packets after 16 or more collisions via DIP switch S1 4 or Register 4 bit 3 Note that in order for CSMA CD to function all of these devices stations hubs etc must reside within the same collision domain e g connect to the same switch port lilegal Frames The 900EN S005 will accept frames up to 1536 bytes less if VLAN tags are present 1522 for tagged packets or 1518 for untagged packets
107. rt 1 Control 2 continued Function Transmit Enable For Spanning Tree Support 1 Enable packet transmission on the port 0 Disable packet transmission on the port not used on this model Spanning tree function is not implemented in this model and this bit should remain set to 1 Receive Enable For Spanning Tree Support 1 Enable packet reception on the port 0 Disable packet reception on the port not used on this model Spanning tree function is not implemented in this model and this bit should remain set to 1 Learning Disable For Spanning Tree Support 1 Disable switch address learning capability not used on this model 0 Enable switch address learning Spanning tree function is not implemented in this model and this bit should remain set to 0 Port 2 Control 2 See Port 1 Control 2 Description Port 3 Control 2 See Port 1 Control 2 Description Port 4 Control 2 See Port 1 Control 2 Description Port 5 Control 2 See Port 1 Control 2 Description The Port Control 3 and Control 4 registers that follow serve two purposes 1 They are associated with the ingress untagged packets and used for egress tagging 2 They define default VLAN ID VID for the ingress untagged or null VID tagged packets and are used for address look up DESCRIPTION DEF 19 13H _ Port1Control3 COOH Bit Function Port Default Tag Bits 15 8 Consisting Of Bits 7 5 User Priority Bits Bit 4 CFI Bit Bits 3 0 VLAN I
108. s Also see DIP Switch Set to prevent packets from being dropped after S1 4 in DIP Switch 16 or more collisions occur Clear to drop Mode packets when 16 or more collisions occur Global Control 2 bit 2 Huge Packet Enable Set to allow huge packets up to 1916 bytes long this over rides maximum legal packet size set below Global Control 2 bit 1 Maximum Legal Packet Size Set to allow packet sizes up to 1536 bytes Clear to set Also see Switch S1 6 in maximum to 1522 bytes tagged packets or DIP Switch Mode 1518 bytes untagged packets Packets larger than this maximum will be dropped Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 4 D Note that under no conditions will a switch ever try to repair a bad packet it CSMA CD simply drops bad packets and does not forward them With CSMA CD prior to beginning transmission a device monitors the link Slot Time to determine if it is inactive If the link is active it will wait before beginning to transmit There may be other devices on the network that are also waiting to begin transmission at about the same time If more than one device begins to transmit at the same time a collision occurs Each transmitting device continues to listen for a period of time and if the device senses activity during its transmission it knows that a collision has occurred
109. s can be received in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Receive HIGH Priority Rate Control 11 8 This nibble along with Port Control 8 bits 7 0 form a 12 bit field to determine how many 32Kbps high priority blocks can be received in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port 2 Control 10 Port 1 Control 10 Description Port 3 Control 10 Port 1 Control 10 Description Port 4 Control 10 Port 1 Control 10 Description Port 5 Control 10 Port 1 Control 10 Description Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 3 5 REG DESCRIPTION DEF Register Map 1BH Port 1 Control 11 Function Receive Differential Priority Rate Control 1 If bit 6 is also 1 this will enable receive rate control for this port on low priority packets at the low priority rate If bit 5 is also 1 this will enable receive rate control on high priority packets at the high priority rate O receive rate control will be based on the low priority rate for all packets on this port Low Priority Receive Rate Control Enable 1 Enable port low priority receive rate control 0 Disable port low priority receive rate control High Priority Receive Rate Control Enable 1 If bit 7 is also 1 this will enable the port high priority receive rate control featu
110. s it is restricted to the ports of the same switch In this respect only the switch itself knows a VLAN s architecture while the segments connected to the switch ports have no way of knowing the VLAN definition even exists This is the key difference between port and tag based Virtual LAN s The following table lists the register controls of the 9OOEN that are specific to port based VLAN s only refer to the Register Map Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 56 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Virtual LAN Support Port Based VLAN Ethernet I O Summary of 900EN S005 Port Based VLAN Control Registers CONTROL REGISTER FUNCTION Global Control 3 Bit 7 802 1Q VLAN Enable 0 Disable 802 1Q VLAN mode in order to use port based VLAN definitions 1 Enable 802 1Q Tag Based VLAN Mode the VLAN table must be setup first You must disable 802 1Q VLAN mode to use port based VLAN definitions Global Control 2 Bit 7 Unicast Port Based VLAN Mismatch Discard Used with port based VLAN s to restrict or unrestrict the passing of unicast packets 1 Restrict ALL packet types including unicast from crossing VLAN boundary 0 Permit Unicast packets excluding unknown multicast broadcast to cross VLAN boundary Note Unicast packets are delivered to a single destination node Multicast packets are delivered to a number of destination
111. t both ends This cable performs the Ethernet crossover function and is used to connect a PC directly to an Acromag Series 9xxEN I O module You may obtain cable in other lengths and colors as required for your application from other vendors For example shielded CAT 5e cable is available from the following vendors e L com Connectivity Products www L com com e Pro Link www prolink cables com Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual For very noisy environments or in the presence of strong electrical fields you can obtain double shielded CAT 5e cable and shielded RJ45 plugs from the following vendors e L com Connectivity Products www L com com see cable model TFSC2004 and shielded plug T8P8CSR e Regal Electronics www regalusa com see shielded plug model 1003B 8P8CSR C5 Complete premium double shielded Category 5e standard and crossover cables in variable lengths can be obtained from Lumberg at www lumbergusa com refer to their etherMate line For example specify RJ45S RJ45S 656 B 3M for a double shielded 3 meter straight cable Specify RJ45S RJ45S 656 BX 3M for a double shielded 3 meter crossover cable This module has many advanced programmable features If you wish to take advantage of these features you will need to purchase the following programming cable from Acromag Cable Model 5035 365 A 4 f
112. te This mode is provided for experimentation and troubleshooting purposes and is reserved for factory use only Acromag makes no guaranty of operation in this mode Enclosure and Physical P1 Program Interface SIGNAL DESCRIPTION Logic Ground logic ground is internally coupled to earth ground at TB3 4 via a 1000 resistor Buffered SPI serial data output in SPI Mode not used in IC EEPROM mode This output connects to parallel port connector DB25 pin 10 Keyed Polarity Pin optional buffered Reset L trigger input with key removed Buffered serial data input in SPI slave mode or serial data output in C EEPROM mode SDA connects to parallel port connector DB25 pin 9 Buffered IC Clock Line Input clock up to 5MHz in SPI Slave Mode Output clock at 81KHz in IC EEPROM master mode SCL connects to parallel port connector DB25 pin 16 Buffered SPI Slave Select active low A high to low transition initiates the SPI start of data transfer in SPI slave mode When high the switch ASIC is deselected and SPIQ is held ina high impedance state SPIS buffer input ties to parallel port connector DB25 pin 1 This mode of operation requires that a host PC be connected to the module during runtime not recommended This mode provides access to all registers plus all static MAC entries the VLAN table dynamic MAC address table and the MIB counters Use of the SPI interface in SPI Slave Mode is reserved fo
113. tion as opposed to using the DIP Switches DIP switch S2 1 must be ON to operate in EEPROM Mode This causes the P1 1 12 El s1 A A Fi fi i fi internal switch engine to initialize itself based on the contents of the a im gt ima iti r EEPROM registers each time it is reset or power is applied praa 123456 T DIP switch S2 2 must be ON and DIP switch S2 3 OFF to make program Y port P1 use I C serial mode to write directly to the EEPROM in order to FEUD TO SECT ee program it UPON POWER UP OR RESET IMPORTANT In order to access the on board EEPROM you must place the module in EEPROM I C Mode by setting DIP switch S2 3 to OFF Additionally DIP switch S2 2 is set ON to provide direct EEPROM access and DIP switch S2 1 is set ON to enable initialization via EEPROM Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 20 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual ADVANCED OPERATION EEPROM Mode EEPROM Program Utilities keeprom exe amp 95m exe Ethernet I O The EEPROM is P1 SOCKET programmed via Q00EN SOOSTOPEDGE T program port P1 which rests on top of switch bank 2 as shown at right The DB25M
114. tistics Ethernet I O the time it takes to put the entire packet on the network thus causing the device to fail to sense the other device s transmission until the entire packet is on the network This is most commonly caused by cabling errors faulty hardware NIC cable or switch port excessive segment length or too many repeaters between devices more than two It may also occur as the result of duplex mismatch error STATISTIC INTERPRETATION ACTION TxTotalCollision TxExcessiveCollision TxSingleCollision TxMultipleCollision These count the number of times packets have collided on the network i e the number of messages retransmitted because of a collision Collisions are detected by the transmitting station and indicate that two devices happened to detect that the network is idle and tried to transmit at the same time Since only one device may transmit at a time both devices must stop sending and attempt to retransmit The retransmission algorithm attempts to prevent the packets from transmitting at the same time again but collisions may still occur and this process will repeat itself until the packets finally pass onto the network or the packets may be discarded after 16 consecutive collisions Note that only transmitting hosts can be aware of collisions and that collisions cannot occur for full duplex communication one device connected to a switch port Collisions also result from an over exte
115. tp www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual Ethernet I O 6 1 RJ45 Pin Signal Description MDI X Enclosure and Physical TX Transmit Positive Tx Transmit Negative Rx Receive Positive Not Used Connects to Pin 5 Not Used Connects to Pin 4 Rx Receive Negative Not Used Connects to Pin 8 Not Used Connects to Pin 7 7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Case Material Fiber reinforced polycarbonate PC F thermoplastic UL94 VO inflammability class black color general purpose NEMA Type 1 enclosure Printed Circuit Boards Military grade FR 4 epoxy glass Shipping Weight 1 pound 0 45 Kg packed Safety Approvals UL Listed USA amp Canada Hazardous Locations Agency Approvals Class I Division 2 Groups A B C D Consult factory ATEX Certified Assessment by TUV Rheinland of North of America Inc per ATEX Directive 94 9 EC Ex II 3 G Ex nA T4 25 C lt Ta lt 70 C TUVNA 07 ATEX 7145X X Special Conditions 1 WARNING EXPLOSION HAZARD DO NOT MAKE OR BREAKCONNECTIONS IN HAZARDOUS LOCATIONS OR AREAS 2 Warning Must be installed in suitable enclosure with an Ingress Protection of IP54 minimum in Hazardous Locations or Areas Operating Temperature 25 C to 70 C 13 F to 158 F Environmental Storage Temperature 40 C to 85 C 40 F to 185 F Relative Humidity 5 to 95 non condensing Power Requirements Non polarized 15 36V DC SELV Safety
116. trol 6 Function Reserved For Factory Testing Do Not Read Write Global Control 7 Function Reserved For Factory Testing Do Not Read Write Global Control 8 Function Reserved For Factory Testing Do Not Read Write Global Control 9 Function Reserved For Factory Testing Do Not Write LED Mode gt 0 MODE 0 1 MODE 1 LED 0 Red Speed Full Duplex LED 1 Yel Full Dx Collision 10MLink Activity LED 2 Grn Link Activity 100MLink Act This function may optionally be selected via DIP switch S2 4 ON LED Mode 1 See Note 1 Special TPID Mode Spanning Tree Only Used for direct mode forwarding from port 5 using spanning tree function Spanning tree function is not implemented in this model and this bit should remain set to 0 PORT REGISTERS The following registers are used to enable features assigned on a per port basis The register bit assignments are the same for all 5 ports but the address of each port is different DESCRIPTION Port 1 Control 0 Function Broadcast Storm Protection Enable 1 Enable for ingress packets on the port 0 Disable broadcast storm protection Diffserv DSCP Priority Classification Enable 1 Enable Diffserv for ingress packets on the port 0 Disable Diffserv function o _ _ OCH ojo mjo I I 4 I Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acro
117. ty bits 7 4 blocks can be transmitted in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port Control 8 bits 7 0 Receive HIGH Priority Rate Control A 12 bit and Port Control 10 number that sets how many 32Kbps high bits 3 0 priority blocks can be received in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second period Port Control 9 bits 7 0 Receive LOW Priority Rate Control A 12 bit and Port Control 10 number that sets how many 32Kbps low priority bits 7 4 blocks can be received in a unit of 32K bits or 4K bytes in a one second The Acromag 900EN S005 can discern priority via three different means at its input port on a per port basis via the 802 1p frame tag and by viewing the DSCP TOS field in the IPv4 header Note however in order for any priority control to be effective the high and low priority queues must be separately enabled at the input point or destination port Priority Using The Per Port Method Each port has a general Enable Port Priority bit that when set specifies that the port has high priority traffic and all traffic from this switch port is considered high priority in the destination queue This is most useful for IP phone applications mixed with other types of traffic data where the IP phone is connected to a specific port In this case the IP phone traffic would be high priority outgoing to the WAN Wide Area Network The incoming phone traffic is all the same priority
118. work analyzer to identify the rogue transceiver and replace it the adapter or the station A high number of these errors may also be indicative of a speed mismatch between the switch port and devices on this segment RxJabbers This counts the number of frames larger than the maximum packet size of 1522 bytes or 1536 bytes Stop that incessant depending on the maximum packet size and that jabbering shut up include CRC alignment or symbol errors and listen Recall that Ethernet devices use electrical signaling to determine whether or not they can transmit Jabbers indicate that one or more devices on the network are sending improper electrical signals This is a critical failure because a jabber condition can effectively halt all traffic on a segment as all other devices think the network is busy Jabbering is usually caused by a bad network adapter or NIC card and in rare cases outside interference RxSymbolError This tracks packets received with an invalid data symbol but of legal packet size RxCRCerror The CRC is a four byte value appended to a packet The criterion for CRC error rate is 1 CRC error per 10 8 frames for 100base T Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual A high number of CRC errors may indicate poor cable quality or operation in a noisy environment Use a cable tester try a
119. x 248 624 9234 Email sales acromag com http www acromag com 6 BusWorks 900EN S005 Ethernet Switch User s Manual BASIC OPERATION DIP Switch Mode SET S2 1 OFF UP TO SELECT DIP SWITCH MODE UPON POWER UP OR RESET PAG BARAG 1234567 8 ON Dip switch S2 1 MUST be OFF to enable module to use the settings of DIP switches S1 4 and S2 1 8 You MUST reset the module or cycle power for new DIP switch settings to take effect Program Port P1 Note The 5035 365 cable and its associated Advanced Features 8500 725 users manual have been discontinued Port Status LED Indicators Ethernet I O You can simply choose to operate this switch with all DIP switches OFF or you can optionally select alternate modes of operation by setting the DIP switches ON or OFF as required for your application Refer to the following table for a definition of each DIP switch function IMPORTANT DIP switch S2 1 MUST remain OFF in order to cause the module to utilize the settings of DIP switches S2 4 and S1 1 through S1 8 If DIP switch S2 1 is instead ON then the other DIP switches are ignored and the module will utilize the contents of the EEPROM registers to determine its operation When making changes to DIP switches the new settings do not take effect until the module is reset either by cycling power or by pushing the reset button after maki
120. zes up to including 1536 bytes This is default selection in EEPROM mode 0 Accept packet sizes up to including 1522 bytes for tagged packets not including packets w STPID from CPU to ports 1 4 or up to including 1518 bytes for untagged packets Any packets larger than the specifed maximum are dropped This function may optionally be configured via DIP switch S1 6 ON 1536 bytes which is OFF by default Priority Buffer Reserve 1 Each output queue is pre allocated 48 buffers to be used exclusively for high priority packets It is recommended that this be enabled when the priority queue feature is turned ON 0 Do not reserve buffers for high priority packets e a a Iaaaasstt i ir 5 OSH Global Control 3 Function 802 1Q VLAN Enable 1 Enable 802 1Q VLAN mode Note VLAN table needs to be setup prior to enabling this mode 0 Disable 802 1Q VLAN mode IGMP Snoop Enable For Switch MIl Interface 1 IGMP Snoop enabled 0 IGMP Snoop disabled This model does not implement the MIl interface and this bit should remain set to 0 Enable Direct Mode on MII Interface 1 Direct Mode on Port 5 This is a special mode for the switch MIl interface Using preamble before MRXDV to direct switch to forward packets and bypass the internal look up 0 Normal operation This model does not implement the MIl interface and this bit should remain set to 0 Acromag Inc Tel 248 295 0880 Fax 248 624

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