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Unit 2780v7a Learner`s Guide

1. Look at the diagram on the previous page which shows What do some guidelines for positioning your monitor You Think Then answer the questions below Use your own experience of working on a computer to help you 1 What type of physical strain or injury could you get if the computer monitor is too far away or too close to you 2 What could happen if the monitor is higher or lower than your eye level 3 The guidelines show that ideally the user and their monitor should be at right angles 90 to a light source eg a window 3 1 What potential problem strain injury could result if the window was directly in front of you 3 2 What potential problem strain injury could result if the window was directly behind you Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Keyboard Function e Used to enter input texts numbers commands etc into a computer e To input information you press the relevant key s on the keyboard e The diagram below shows the most important keys found on most keyboards Function keys Numeric F1 to F12 Alphabet keys Space bar Navigation cursor keys Figure 1 Standard 101 QWERTY keyboard layout Device type e Input device sends data to the computer Guidelines for using a
2. printing x 6 Click on the Help home Browse help Contact support search button Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 58 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Accessing Windows Help Windows 7 and earlier 1 Click on the START button or press the Windows key on your keyboard Default Programs 2 Click Help and Support Help and Support Windows Help anc 2 la 2 Ask Opti 3 Enter printing in the search bar 4 Click on the search button Windows Help provides a number of different articles about how to e set up your printer e print document images etc e troubleshoot printer problems There are many other topics related to your printer and how it work and printing files Find the User s Manual for your printer You might need to ask your teacher or IT Support person to help you do this If you can t find the User s Manual in hard copy try looking for it online at the manufacturer s website Try it For Yourself In the manual find the section on connecting the printer Follow these instructions carefully to make sure your printer is connected properly If any software needs to be installed eg a device driver install this following the instructions in the manual Your operating system may also
3. ed 4 an 3 Ea 3 f oo in eth PICE far eset GCE PEE r 4 1 9 f7 J pema sae ik x a Oia ie g q E _ ws ity cae T Wee d g g g E 1 p 8 amp EEEEsG fs perai a i g H EE Ghaiedi ieds amp amp amp a EEE q4 E J ii s_e i B 4 a 4 2g r d g Eas Ba Ce fo g 5 5 ES El a a 45 qg E l 4 E q4 4 E qg q E g amp was oH WM MM i l Ar H pae RAM chips Motherboard image by Jonathan Zander Device Type e The motherboard doesn t fit into the category of input output processing or storage device e Instead itis atype of housing and connecting device because It holds the different components and allows them to communicate Hardware interaction N The motherboard enables the different hardware components to work together interact e The different hardware components work together by sending and receiving data from each other e The diagram on the next page summarises how the different hardware components interact in terms of how data moves between them Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 28 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Motherboard Output devices Input devices Key points to remember e Input devices send data to the CPU e The CPU is
4. e Spray cleaning solution onto a cloth and wipe the screen Never spray directly onto the screen e tis best to use a cleaning solution made specifically for monitors If you make your own solution stay away from anything containing ammonia alcohol or acetone These could damage your monitor screen Replacing printer consumables REMINDER Consumables are things that are used up consumed by the printer This includes paper and ink toner Putting paper in the paper tray e Be gentle never push down on the open printer tray e Gently tap the sides of the paper stack on a table to get all the edges in line This will help the paper fit in the tray and help avoid paper jams e Make sure there are no paperclips staples or other objects on the paper e Don t put more paper in that indicated on the tray e Put the paper in the space specifically provided for the paper Changing the ink toner cartridge e Follow the instructions in the User Manual Often there will also be instructions on the packaging of the ink toner cartridge e Avoid getting ink on your hands or in your eyes If you do wash your hands immediately with soap and water or rinse your eyes with water e Never force the cartridge into the printer If it doesn t go in pretty easily you are probably doing something wrong System Maintenance There are various procedures that use software to maintain your Operating System and protect data stored on the com
5. the boss All data goes through the CPU The CPU acts as a type of police office directing traffic at a busy crossing e The CPU sends data to the output devices These output devices display print or in some other way output the data e While the person is working the CPU saves the data to RAM not on hard disk This is because RAM is much faster than disk storage e When data is saved it moves out of RAM through the CPU which sends it to hard disk for storage Let s look at some specific examples Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 29 Example 1 Person types a letter in a word processor Word RAM MS Word and the MS Word is he to letter are stored the CPU so that in RAM while the person can use it to person is working type a letter on it irs used gt O select commands and text Sends Display shows MS U P instructions to Word and the T CPU typed characters U as it receives p T them from the Person types and CPU U keyboard sends characters to the S T B MONITOR DISPLAY b KEYBOARD Example 2 Person saves the letter STORAGE When letter is saved it goes to Letter sent from CPU CPU and then to to be saved on HDD HDD O N Mouse used to U p aos Display shows MS T U Save instruction Word etc
6. ATC New Zealand personal computer system 11 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 General guidelines e When you are not using the mouse avoid hovering your hand over the mouse This causes tension in your hand wrist and forearm e If you can take you hand away from the mouse when you are not using It e Avoid gripping the mouse Your fingers and thumb should be relaxed and gently rest against the mouse e Try to keep your wrists straight Bending your wrists up or down left or right can cause strain and discomfort e f possible use keyboard shortcuts to reduce the amount of work you need to do using the mouse Printer Function e Produces a hard copy of documents images etc that are in digital form e In other words a printer takes an electronic file digital and prints it out in a physical form e Usually a printer prints out Information on a piece of paper However today there 3D printers that produce three dimensional 3D objects These objects could be printed using a wide range of materials such as plastic nylon silver titanium steel wax etc Figure 2 Santa s hat printed in plastic using a 3D printer Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 12 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Device type e Mainly an output devi
7. Create desktop published documents such as magazines pamphlets etc Graphics Create and edit images These images could be in the form of photographs animations logos etc Communication Enables people to send text video audio and or image messages Multimedia Combine and manipulate different types of media images video audio animation etc into a media product such as a video or website Can also be used to play display multimedia products such as video Find and display information on the World Wide Web Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 37 LESSON 3 Software SSS Can you think of specific examples of each of the What do software application types You Think Complete the table below with as many examples as you can think of Some have been given to get you started Application Type Examples of Application Software Microsoft Word 2013 Word processor Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel 2013 Database Microsoft Access 2013 Desktop Publishing Microsoft Publisher 2013 Graphics Microsoft Paint Communication Microsoft Outlook 2013 Multimedia Windows Media Browser Internet Explorer 11 i What application software is available on the a Iry it For computer s you have access to a Yourself To find out do the following h Click on the Windows icon at the bottom left of your s
8. 3 2 In the diagram above there are problems with the position of both the monitor and the keyboard e What are these problems e What sort of physical injury or strain could result from the device being positioned in this way Why e What could the person do differently to make sure the device is positioned in an ergonomic way Write your answers on the next page Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system Instant Education Solutions 7a ATC New Zealand 19 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Position of keyboard Position of monitor In this lesson you have looked at some of the peripheral hardware components common in personal computer systems In the next lesson you will learn about hardware components which are fundamental to all computers Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 20 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 N Learning Objectives When you have completed this lesson you should be able to do the following Indicate the device type and function of a range of core hardware components in a personal computer system E Indicate how the different hardware components work together In the previous lesson you learned about the peripheral hardware
9. Modem Function e Converts digital data from a computer so that it can be sent through an analogue system telephone wires Q A as Telephone line yr Computer eee X odem Internet Service Provider Server Device type e Input AND output device e t receives data from Computer 1 and sends it to Computer 2 Then it gets back data from Computer 2 to send to Computer 1 Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 14 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Wireless Access Point WiFi Network and Internet Connections e WiFi is a type of technology that allows wireless devices to connect to the internet or to another network without any wires using radio waves e A wireless access point WAP is the device that makes it possible for WiFi to work Like a modem it is both an input and output device It sends and receives data from and to a computer e Different computers can be connected to a network using wired or wireless WiFi connections e Computers can also be connected to the Internet by modem or WiFi Internet 4 Network Router oy s YAN E wy Computers equipped with network adapter Wireless Access Point WAP e s es 2 Notebook equipped with wireless card Computer equipped with wireless adapter Learner s Guide
10. Part 2 20 Central Processing Unit CPU 21 Memory RAM and ROM 23 Storage Disk drives 24 The motherboard 26 Hardware interaction 27 Lesson 3 Software 33 System software 34 Application software 36 How system and application software work together 39 Lesson 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 45 Connecting the computer system 46 Safety is key Powering up and powering down the computer R Basic troubleshooting Lesson 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 56 Operating a printer 57 Basic troubleshooting for printers 62 Care and maintenance of a personal computer system 66 Lesson 6 Ergonomics 71 Review Ergonomic use of a personal computer system fe Ergonomic requirements for the working environment 19 Glossary 77 Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system N Introduction N In this course you will learn the basics of a personal computer system and how to operate and maintain it The glossary below lists a number of important terms that will be used in this guide Read through it carefully before you start Lesson 1 An electronic device used to store retrieve and process data There are many different types of computers For the purposes of this guide Computer ji when we use the term computer we mean a personal computer PC eg desktop
11. Used to connect Standard Definition monitors to a computer Has multiple pins like the printer cable but there are fewer of pins and head is much smaller than printer cable head HDMI cable HDMI stands for High Definition Multimedia Interface High definition monitors are connected to a computer using an HDMI cable PS 2 connector Used to connect older mouses or keyboards to the computer These days a USB cable is often used instead PS2 port for a keyboard PS2 port for a mouse PS 2 keyboard connector Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 48 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 USB cable One of the most commonly used type of cables today Used to connect many different types of peripherals to a computer eg cameras camcorders printers Connects to Connects scanners etc computer to printer Sundry cables and plugs These are often colour coded and are used for small devices like cameras microphones and speakers Audio plug for headphones Network plug Used to connect an external modem to your computer or to connect your computer to a network Tips on connecting cables e The plugs at the end of cables are often colour coded The colour of the plug is usually the same colour as the port into which it should get plugged e Look at
12. devices found in many personal computer systems These are devices which usually sit on the outside of the computer itself and are easy for us to see In this lesson we are going to look under the lid of the computer to learn about the essential hardware components inside a computer We will also look at how all the different hardware components in a personal computer system work together Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 21 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Central Processing Unit e148 e The central processing unit CPU is sometime also called the microprocessor microchip or sometimes just chip e The CPU is the most important part of the computer e It is like the brain of the computer In the same way that a human being can do anything without a brain a computer can t do anything without a CPU e Even though the CPU is very important it can be really small as shown in the image below Pentium 4 CPU Not all CPUs look the same On the next page are some more images of CPUs so that you can get a better idea of what they look like Image by CarrotMadman6 http www flickr com photos carrotmadman6 Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 2
13. indicator If the light is off then you need to press ON LINE before printing can begin Some new printers don t have an ON LINE button so you may never see this message Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 63 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Consumable Problems Toner ink e Check the toner or ink cartridge e Some printers will automatically stop working if the ink toner gets low e Others will continue but will print a whole lot of blank pages e Some printers will send a message to the computer warning the user that the ink toner is running low This warns you to get replacement cartridges because they will need to be replaced soon e Remember to read the manufacturer s User Manual for your specific printer for advice on how to detect and solve problems related to toner or ink Paper problems Common paper related problems and error messages are as follows Out of paper e Check that there is a paper in the print tray e f you get a message that says Tray 1 Empty this means that there is no paper in Print Tray 1 e f necessary put the correct sized paper into the relevant print tray Paper jam e Sometimes the paper gets stuck somewhere in the printer e Some printers will indicate where the paper is stuck e If it isn t obvious where the paper jam is c
14. 6 When the computer is turned off RAM is wiped but Windows Word and the letter are permanently stored on the hard disk Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system HARD DISK wE HARD DISK wE HARD DISK RAM ria ri i a i E we HARD DISK gt RAM saa ca HARD DISK RAM rT mi 3 Sek iV HARD DISK RAM vE Z Instant Education Solutions 7a ATC New Zealand 41 LESSON 3 Software The diagram which follows extends the example a little further It shows what happens when the user instructs the computer to print the letter they have typed and saved The user wants to print a letter so they click the print command in Word Word sends the command to the operat ing system OS The OS interprets the command and tells the PC to send the letter to the printer The PC does as it is told The user gets the message from the monitor Word displays a message saying the printing has been done The OS tells Word that the printing is done The PC tells OS that printing is done In the above example memory RAM was left out to make the example less complex Instant Education Solutions 7a ATC New Zealand Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 42 LESSON 3 Software Answer the questions that follow to review what you Lesson have learned i
15. E Connect the basic components of a personal computer system so that it can be used safely E Power up a personal computer system and confirm that it is working E Identify and deal with simple hardware faults In earlier lessons you learned about the different hardware components that work together in a personal computer system In this lesson and the one which follows we put this knowledge into practice to set up and maintain a personal computer system Believe it or not two of most common causes of problems reported to IT help desks in large companies are because e the computer is not turned on e a cable has fallen out and no one knows what to do In this lesson you are going to learn how to correctly connect the components of a personal computer system to make sure it works properly and can be used safely Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 46 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Connecting the computer N system Every computer is slightly different but it is useful to know how peripheral devices plug into the computer The instructions and images which follow might be slightly different to the computer system you are working with but you should be able to apply the information to set up your own system What you will need e For wired peripherals Leads cabl
16. Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 73 LESSON 6 Ergonomics Posture in chair e You should sit in a way that can allow you to work comfortably without any strain on muscles or joints Head level or bent slightly forward Relaxed shoulders Back supported when sitting upright or leaning back slightly Knees at same height or just below the hips Bottom and thighs roughly parallel to the floor Feet fully supported by floor or footrest e You should change position in your chair often during the day This helps reduce stress and strain on your muscles and joints e The ACC recommends a range of acceptable postures in a chair These are shown in the diagram below Slight Rearward Tilt Sitting Upright Slight Forward Tilt Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 74 LESSON 6 Ergonomics Feet placement e Feet need to be fully supported by the floor e f possible feet should be flat on a floor e Otherwise a suitable footrest should be used Position of monitor relative to the user e Distance from user The monitor should be at least an away from the user e Monitor height The top of the monitor should be in line with The user should look slightly to see the centre of the screen Position of the key
17. Right 254cm 1 Page Per Sheet Set the number of pages to print on each sheet of paper Page Setup Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 62 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Basic troubleshooting for N printers If your printer isn t working properly there are a few simple things you should check 1 The hardware power cabling etc 2 The consumables paper ink toner cartridge 3 The software printer driver or application 4 The memory print buffer Hardware Problems Power e Check to make sure the power is on e Then make sure that both the computer and the display are turned on Cabling e Check all the cables to make sure they are plugged in properly e Many problems are caused by a loose or disconnected cable Not ready Off line e If you get a message like the one below it means you computer is not online In other words it is not ready to receive data to print Printer offline Main Printer is offline e Usually you would get a message like this because the printer has not been switched on Check all cabling is connected as it should be including power cables and that all relevant power buttons switches are on e Many printers have an ON LINE button and an ON LINE light
18. Spreadsheets Word processing Microsoft Excel B and D 5 Software with special ability to manage collections of related data is A B C D Database Graphics Communications Word processing 6 If you wanted to get onto the Internet you would need to A B C D buy or install a word processor change operating systems buy a telephone None of the above 7 Examples of operating systems include A Microsoft Word and Excel B Desktop Publishing C Windows 7 Unix and OS X D OpenOffice Writer and Base CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 44 LESSON 3 Software Complete the table below to indicate the following e An example of the software application Give the name of a specific software programme eg Microsoft Word 2013 e The purpose of the application in terms of the type of output is produces Application Type Example Purpose OQutput Produced Word Processor Desktop Publishing Communications Multimedia Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 45 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 N Learning Objectives When you have completed this lesson you should be able to do the following
19. clean is important But you need to be careful HOW you clean them Refer to the maintenance section of the manufacturer s User Manual s for the device for specific instructions on how to maintain the device Below are some general tips for some common hardware components REMEMBER Unplug power down devices before you start cleaning them Keyboard e Turn the keyboard upside down and gently tap and shake it to get out any dirt e Use a cleaning solution specifically made for keyboards or may your own using a diluted solution of standard dishwashing liquid e Spray the solution onto a cloth and wipe the keys clean e Never spray directly onto the keyboard e You can use the dusting brush on a standard vacuum cleaner to suck up any loose dirt that you might have missed Mouse e You can use the same cleaning solution as you did for the keyboard e Spray the cleaning solution onto a cloth and clean the surface of the mouse e Remember to be gentle you clean the mouse Display e Dust off the monitor using a very soft cloth eg microfibre Don t use paper towels tissues hand towels etc because these can scratch the screen e Wipe the screen gentle never apply pressure to the screen Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system Instant Education Solutions 7a ATC New Zealand 67 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2
20. guide you through this process Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 59 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Printing files The way you print a file will differ depending on the e model of printer you are using e software application you are printing from We will look at a few examples of printing from different types of applications Keep in mind that the instructions may differ somewhat depending on the printer you are using Printing Office documents In general printing from any Office application eg Word Excel Access Outlook follows the same process The example shown below is for Word 2013 but the same process would be followed for other Office applications 1 Open the document you want to print 2 Click on the FILE tab anr re top left of the may pie screen Print i Share Forn l 4 Click on the Clipboare Print button Keyboard Shortcut You can skip Step 2 and 3 above by using a keyboard shortcut e Press Ctrl P on your keyboard e This will bring up the print menu Continue as above with Step 4 Printing web pages from a browser Internet Explorer Again the exact instructions for printing from a browser will depend on the e type of browser you are using eg Internet Explorer Google Chrome Mozilla Flrefox Safari etc e br
21. of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Processing devices e Processes the data received by the user before it is output e Example A user enters 3 4 into their computer s calculator application This is processed by the computer s central processing unit CPU and the answer 7 is shown on the display monitor output for the user Output devices e Take the information from the computer and gives it to the user e Example A display monitor computer screen gives visual information to the user Storage devices e These are parts of the computer system that can store information e Example A flash drive memory stick is one type of external storage device NOTE Some devices can serve more than one purpose Example a modem is both an input and output device It both sends and receives data over telephone lines Se Look back at the hardware devices you identified in the Try it For What do You Think activity on the previous page Yourself Complete the table below by writing each of the devices you identified into the appropriate column Input Processing Output Storage Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Common peripheral N hardw
22. or laptop Hardware These are devices used with the computer eg keyboard display components monitor printer They are physical devices that you can touch Computer The computer and all its hardware components system Personal A computer system intended to be used by one person at atime It does computer not have to be hooked up to other computers for it to work system These instructions used to tell a computer what to do Unlike hardware they are not physical devices parts but are collections of code that are loaded onto the computer Software is sometimes also called a computer application or program Software See Software application Computer See Software ee Ergonomic These are guidelines for how to use computers in a safe way that will principles reduce the likelihood of strain or injury to the user Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 N Learning Objectives When you have completed this lesson you should be able to do the following l Identify a range of hardware components of a personal computer system Indicate whether a hardware components is an input output processing or storage device E Indicate the device type and function of a range of peripheral hardware components A computer needs two things to work e hardware e so
23. receiver into an available USB port Safety is key N A computer system consists of electrical components Whenever you deal with electricity safety is the most important thing to remember Below are some key points to remember whenever working with any part of a computer system or any other electrical device system Before plugging or unplugging any part of a computer system e turn the power off at the wall e make sure the computer or peripheral device is turned off e make sure that there is no moisture or liquid near the electrical equipment e make sure none of the cords or plugs are frayed and no wires are exposed Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 50 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 i Your teacher will make sure you have access to a Try it For computer that has a number of peripheral devices Yourself correctly connected to it for beginners 1 Unplug each device one at a time 2 Then reconnect them to the computer ie plug them back in to the computer or connect wireless if appropriate REMEMBER Safety is extremely important Make sure the computer and all peripheral devices have been turned off and unplugged from the electricity supply Powering up and powering N down the computer Powering up the Computer Cold Start Once all th
24. system is not connected together Try it For connect all the peripheral devices to your computer Yourself Use the appropriate cables and follow the instructions for beginners in the manufacturer s User Manual if available Switch the power off at the wall socket Plug your computer and any peripherals that need mains power into the wall socket Once the plugs have been safely inserted turn the wall socket on aA E E Turn on the computer by pressing the power button on the front of the computer If the computer does not start check e if there is a power button switch on the back of the computer and that it is on e the power is on at the wall socket and the plug is properly in the socket 5 Once the computer has booted up you will see one of the following e The Windows desktop e The Windows start up screen that says Press CTRL ALT DEL to logon e The Windows logon screen e A logon screen specific to your organisation if the computer is networked 6 If you need to enter a user name and password 7 Once the Windows desktop has loaded you will see a START button at the lower left corner of the screen The button will look different depending on the version of Windows running on the computer Windows 8 Windows 7 Vista Windows XP 2003 Learner s Guide Unit 2780v 7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 53 LESSON 4 Operation and
25. the shape and size of the plug This will help you identify the port it should go into e Check that the plug is the right way around If the plug looks the right shape and size but doesn t want to go in you might have it the wrong way up Try turning it the other way up and try inserting it again e Never force the plug into a port If it doesn t go in quite easily then either it doesn t belong there or it is the wrong way around You should never have to push hard to get the plug into the port e f they are available use the Users Manuals for the computer and peripheral devices to help you connect up the components correctly Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 49 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Connecting wireless peripherals Different brands of wireless devices eg keyboard mouses are connected to the computer in different ways However most have the following steps in common Ti su a Be AE H 2 Insert the correct 4 sized batteries AA usually 1 If the device has a power switch make sure it is OFF Turn the power ma switch to ON Follow steps 1 4 above for your keyboard too Note the power switch for your keyboard could be on either the front or the back of the keyboard 5 Insert the USB wireless
26. the top left of your screen your computer is running OS X Example of an Apple logo e If you see a Windows icon at the bottom left of your screen your computer is running Windows Examples of Windows logos Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 36 LESSON 3 Software Use the instructions on the previous page to find out what operating system is running on a computer s you have access to a ry it For Yourself 5 O 2509509 s CISTI season Applications software N Also known software applications software programs programs or just apps short for applications Function e Application software is the programs people use to perform a specific task using a computer There are many different types of application software The table below lists some of the common types of application software and their purposes in terms of the outputs they produce Application Type Used to Create text based documents such as letters and reports Spreadsheet Perform calculations and financial accounting and statistical functions Used for outputs such as budgets cash flow forecasts etc Database Store manage and manipulate large amounts of related information data Examples of output include staff records address lists stock files etc Desktop Publishing
27. website of the manufacturer Then click on drivers or downloads and search for the driver for your printer model Sometimes the print driver comes with the computer s operating system Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 57 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Operating a printer N Connecting the printer to the computer There are many different ways that printers can connect to a computer It could be a wired connection eg USB or wireless connection via a network e You need to find and use the User s Manual for your printer to make sure you connect the printer properly e Ifyou can t find a hard copy of the User s Manual for your printer the manual can usually be found online at the manufacturer s website Visit the website and look under Help Support or Documents to find the manual Windows Help can also help you correctly connect your printer Accessing Windows Help Windows 8 1 Click on the START button or press the Windows key on your keyboard 2 Start typing the word help 3 The Search Pane will open on the right of your screen One of the items you should see is Help and Support Search Everywhere w heip EEN 4 Click to access Windows Help 5 Enter printing in the search bar
28. 2 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Intel Extreme Core i7 CPU bottom view Intel Extreme Core i7 CPU top view Function e The CPU accepts input data processes it and sends it to the component responsible for executing the action e Ittakes the data input by the user and then performs any processing needed eg performing calculations on the data sorting data saving data to the computer s memory etc e The CPU has two main parts Control Unit This keeps an eye on all the data movement It controls where the data is coming from and where it should go For example it may get the data coming in from the keyboard store it in RAM Random Access Memory and then send it to the display monitor Arithmetic and Logic Unit ALU The ALU is basically the calculator part It does all the adding up etc and makes logical decisions decisions like true or false and or greater than equal to or less than Device Type e ACPU is a processing device e It takes input and processes it into output Images by Rainer Kn pper Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 23 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Memory RAM and ROM N There are two types of memory in a computer RAM and ROM RAM Random Access Memory RAM is the main type of memory in a com
29. 3 Click TEENE Cancel Apply Instant Education Solutions 7a ATC New Zealand 61 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Printing Options There are a number of different options you can choose when printing Some printers have more options than others Let s look at some of the more common options which you will see in the Print Window see the screenshot on the previous page or the Print Menu see below nt Copies 1 a Set the number of copies of i i the file you want to print Print Printer j ls Select the printer you want to y Main Printer print to if you have more than Ready one printer Printer Properties Settings Set the page s that you want r to print Print All Pages The whole thing Set to print on only one side of the page Print One Side or both sides of the Page Print on Both Sides Print One Sided Only print on one side of the p Collated 123 1243 143 Orientation 5 Portrait E5 Landscape A4 i i Select paper size eg A4 A5 Portrait Orientation Print to Portrait or Landscape 21 cm x 29 7 cm a Normal Margins u E Left 254cm
30. Drives also known as Memory Sticks or USB sticks e Flash drives are one of the smallest and therefore most portable forms of data storage This is the part that goes into the USB USB port port on the computer USB Flash Drive Today flash drives come in many different shapes and forms The outside of the drives look different but they perform the same function long term storage of data Flash drive in the shape of a pencil Flash drive with recycled cardboard cover The motherboard N The Motherboard is a crucial part of any computer It is where all the internal hardware components live Function e The motherboard consists of wires and circuits e The CPU RAM ROM HDD and many other components are usually fixed to the motherboard e The motherboard connects all the components together e It contains all the electric connections which make it possible for the different hardware components eg CPU RAM ROM etc to communicate talk to each other Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 27 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 a Ss ma 000075309079 e em TT gt E CD D 6 Tale a gt hit on x auth ne Sd ee Ow 5 a Uaj 1 i Ley z5 a i Wg fe 5 a we a fy a amp id oe pene faa ti 1i SFE H gt of
31. Input Output devices to connect using radio waves Takes photographs stores them in digital file format and sends these files Input Output to the computer MORE QUESTIONS FOLLOW ON THE NEXT PAGE Displays as images information SS stored on the computer Input Output Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 17 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 3 The diagrams which follow show hardware devices being used in a way which could cause problems for the user s physical well being Look at each diagram and then answer the questions that follow 3 1 In the diagram above there are problems with the position of both the monitor and the keyboard e What are these problems HINT There are at least two problems with the position of each device e What sort of physical injury or strain could result from the device being positioned in this way Why e What could the person do differently to make sure the device is positioned in an ergonomic way Position of keyboard Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 18 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Position of monitor WINDOW MONITOR KEYBOARD
32. Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 8 Do a warm start restart of the computer as described on page 52 9 When the computer has closed all the open files it automatically switches itself off and then restarts itself again This process may take a few minutes but eventually the computer should look just like it did at Step 7 above Do a shut down of the computer If you are using Windows 8 1 Move your mouse to the bottom or top right of your screen until the Charms Bar shown below appears Sleep 4 Click Shut down Shut down 2 Click on Settings 3 Click the Power button Restart The Charms Bar If you are using an earlier version of Window eg Windows 7 Vista etc 1 Using the mouse click on the START button or press the Windows key on your keyboard Shift Windows key Switch user Log off Lock 2 Click on Restart Sleep Hibernate 3 Click Shut down Shut down Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 54 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Me When is it safe to turn the computer off What do You Think Basic troubleshooting N If your PC isn t working properly there are a few simple things you should check This is called troubleshooting Basic Hardware Faults and S
33. P to CPU T MOUSE U aoe T PROCESSING MONITOR DISPLAY Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v 7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 30 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Example 3 Person prints the letter Pr 3 STORAGE got we RAM MS Word and the letter are stored in RAM O N ice tet CPU sends U p ae A ai a instruction to T ETET EE ES printer to print Print instruction the Aseunieni P U to CPU i T MOUSE PRINTER PROCESSING Lesson Answer the questions that follow to review what you Review have learned in this Lesson 1 The table below has abbreviations for a number of different hardware components Complete the table indicate what each abbreviation stands for Abbreviation What it stands for ceu Jooo RAM Rom fe HOD CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 31 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 2 Write T for true or F for false next to each of the following statements e Data is always stored in RAM even when the computer is turned off _ e Disk storage is slower than RAM e ROM and HDD are both long term storage e The CPU stores data it receives from input devices _ e Data in ROM stays in ROM even when the compu
34. US 2780 v7a Learner s Guide GENERIC COMPUTING Unit Standard 2780 Version7 Levelli Credit3 Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system ant 7a ATC New Zealand www instant org nz DUCT ONORS About this Learner s Guide Learning Purpose amp Outcomes The purpose of this unit of learning is to enable learners to e understand how a personal computer system works e apply this knowledge to complete basic operations and procedures using a personal computer in a safe way People who successfully complete this course will e have knowledge of the hardware components of a personal computer system operation of the system and application software of a personal computer system ergonomic principles for the safe operation of a computer system e beable to apply this knowledge to operate a printer complete basic operation and maintenance procedures for a personal computer system Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system Instant Education Solutions 7a ATC New Zealand Contents Introduction 2 Lesson 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Hardware device types 4 Common peripheral hardware components 6 Lesson 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System
35. Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 15 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Lesson Answer the questions that follow to review what you Review have learned in this Lesson 1 Below are images of different hardware devices Write the name of the device under the picture CONTINUES ON NEXT PAGE Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 16 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 2 The table below lists the functions of different hardware components you have learned about in this chapter 2 1 Write the name of the component next to the function 2 2 Indicate what type of device the component is input and or output Circle the correct one s Hardware Component Function Device Type Used to capture hardcopy images in digital format Input Output Used to send data to and from a computer in digital format via the Input Output telephone analogue Used to enter input text numbers commands into the computer Input Output Produces a physical copy of digital information eg documents images Input Output Used to move around on screen click on icons menus commands etc to Input Output send instructions to the computer Makes it possible for wireless enabled i
36. a personal computer system need to be used in an ergonomic way If they are not this can have a number of negative effects on the physical well being of the user e The two most common hazards to the user are injury and strain to a part of their body often the neck back arms and or fingers Summary of the Principles for the Ergonomic Use of a Personal Computer System Below is a summary of the main ergonomic principles related to the use of a personal computer system These are based on ACC5637 Guidelines for Using Computers Preventing and managing discomfort pain and injury Accident Compensation Corporation Department of Labour 2010 Some of these principles you have already covered in earlier lessons Other principles are new There are some gaps in this summary Fill in the gaps to complete the summary Desk dimensions e Desk height Needs to be high enough for the user to comfortably get their legs under the desk and to move their legs around e Desk width Needs to be wide enough for user to perform all tasks without feeling cramped e Desk depth Needs to be deep enough from front to back that all the computer equipment can fit on the desk correctly See other guidelines related to keyboard mouse and monitor positions e Desktop thickness The desktop should be as thin as long as it is still strong and stable This is so that the user can have as much leg space as possible Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a
37. are components Let s look at some common hardware components in greater detail Display monitor Also known as a monitor screen or visual display unit VDU Function e Displays as images the information stored on a computer e Example It shows the programs menu items etc your are currently using or which are available to you Device type e Mainly an output device Today many computers have touch screens making the screen an input device too However the primary function of a display monitor is to output information e t gets data from the computer and shows this on the screen Guidelines for using a display monitor safely Adjust the screen brightness e Adjust the brightness of the screen so that it doesn t causes eye strain e t shouldn t be too bright or too dark e Screen brightness and other screen options can usually be accessed using buttons found on the bottom right of your screen Adjust the position of the monitor fee Non ope are a TNT Sey A ae WA oi ila VI RS bee N sour Monitor height User eyes should be in line with top of monitor Monitor distance from user at least User eyes should _ look slightly down one arm s length to see screen Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1
38. ation UNTITLED E es uD no to back up files ww 173 50 GB free of 232 83 GB PARETET files will be Backup size Not Available backed up to G Manage space Next backup 12 12 2013 12 00 a m Last backup 11 12 2013 12 44 p m Contents Files in libraries and personal folders for all users and selected folders Schedule Every day at 12 00 a m Change settings You can a click here to restore les oo You can restore your files that were backed up on the estore my Tiles you have current location backed up W Restore all users files F Select another backup to restore files from Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 79 Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system tant D CON IO NES OC REREO NS 21 Ruakura Rd Hamilton East Hamilton 3216 Phone 0800 864 863 E mail instant atc org nz www instant org nz OF ORNETA IEO
39. board relative to the user e The user needs to be able to reach the keyboard comfortable without straining e The keyboard should be elbow height e The keyboard s space bar should be at least mm from the edge of the table This is so that the user can e The slope of the keyboard should allow for a wrist position In other words there should be no strain or stress on the wrist Position of the mouse relative to the user e The mouse should be at the same height as e The mouse should be at least mm from the edge of the table e The and should be in line when on the mouse They should not twist when on the mouse Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 75 LESSON 6 Ergonomics Rest periods and exercise e You should take a 5 10 minute break away from your computer at least one each hour e You should also take micropauses regularly A micropause is short break that you take at your desk workstation When you take a micropause do things to relax your muscles and change your body and eye position Examples Look out of the window or somewhere else in the room not at your monitor Hang your arms at your side e Exercises can be used to help prevent physical injury or strain They can be as simple as stretches eg hand arm back etc stretches going for a short walk around the of
40. board should not be too firm This makes it hard to press the keys and can mean that your fingers get tired quickly e Try to keep your wrists straight Bending your wrists up or down left or right can cause strain and discomfort e The keyboard should have a matte finish This is so that overhead lights are not reflected off the keyboard into the users eyes Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 10 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Click button to select words pictures on screen and to give computer Right click button not commands eg by clicking available on a Mac Click on menu item or icon to bring up menu items Mouse Function e Pointing device Scroll wheel Used to e Used to move around screen click on E lnc icons menus etc eg in a browser word processor etc Device type e Input device sends data to the computer Move mouse to move cursor on the computer screen Guidelines for using a mouse safely Position of the mouse Arm used to operate mouse should be relaxed and close to side of body gt 150mm Arm and hand should Mouse should be at same bein line when on height as mouse as shown in keyboard diagram above Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a
41. ce e t gets data from the computer and reproduces this in physical form printouts Guidelines for using a printer safely Potential hazards caused by a printer e To avoid these hazards the printer should be far away enough from users that they are not affected e A good arr filtration system will help to remove any fumes created by the printer e f possible a printer should ideally be in a different room than the users Scanner Function e t does the opposite to a printer A printer turns digital information into a physical form A scanner turns physical information into a digital form e Used to capture images in digital format e For example photographs drawings sketches etc can be scanned and then saved on computer as an image file Device type e Input device e Converts physical information into digital form data It then sends this data to the computer Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 13 LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Digital Camera Function e Takes photographs and stores these in digital format as image files e When the digital camera is connected to the computer eg using a USB cable or network connection these image files can be saved on the computer Device type e Input device e Sends data image files to the computer
42. cedures are Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 56 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 N Learning Objectives When you have completed this lesson you should be able to do the following m Operate a printer E Identify and deal with simple printer hardware faults m Care for and maintain a personal computer system In this lesson we focus on how to operate and deal with problems of one particular hardware device the printer We also look at how to care for and maintain a personal computer system so that it can continue to work safely for as long as possible Printer basics All printers need the following to work properly e Power electricity e Connection to the computer wired or wireless e Ink or toner cartridges These hold the ink which is used to print the documents pictures etc Some printers may also have a printer drum e Paper Depending on the printer different sizes of paper could be used The most commonly used size of paper is A4 e Printer driver this is a type of operating system specific to the printer The printer driver may be supplied in may different ways With the computer s operating system On a CD or disk supplied with the printer Mostdrivers can be downloaded online from the manufacturer s website Go to the
43. creen This is the start button 2 Depending on which version of Windows you are running you will either see a list of all your programs Windows 7 and earlier or icons for your programs Windows 8 CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 38 LESSON 3 Software The start screen in Windows 8 looks something like this Microsoft Office If you can see all the programs you Access 2013 want click here or start typing the name of the program The start menu in Windows 7 and earlier looks something like this Control Panel gt All Programs b Opens a list of your programs Search programs and files P Sleep b W ee ee Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 39 LESSON 3 Software How system and application software work together Humans and computers don t speak the same language Computers understand a language called binary It is a language that consists only of 1s and Os To help humans communicate with computers application software was created e Application software uses something called a Graphic User Interface GUI A GUI has icons and words which humans are Binary familiar with This makes it easier fo
44. d This is to help ensure that any air borne pollution is removed e The room should be heated to a comfortable temperature e Most people find the following temperatures comfortable In Summer between 28 C and 25 C In Winter between 20 C and 24 C Lighting Ideally desks should be positioned at to a window or other light source This is to help stop on the monitor screen or light shining in Printer location e Three main hazards can be caused by printers oO e To minimise the likely impact of these hazards the printer should be moved Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 77 An electronic device used to store retrieve and process data There are many different types of computers For the purposes of this guide when we use the term computer we mean a personal computer PC eg desktop or laptop Computer program See Software Computer system The computer and all its hardware components Items used up by a printer eg paper and ink toner or ink cartridge Ergonomic principles These are guidelines for how to use computers in a safe way that will reduce the likelihood of strain or injury to the user Doing or performing Computer Consumables FOREARM These are devices used with the computer eg keyboard display Hardware components l monitor printer They are phy
45. e commands it receives from the user and the application software that they are working with Computers don t speak human language So the OS helps to interpret what the user wants for the computer e Manages the data a user is working with E Widows 8 is one example of an operating system system software Whatdo You Think Windows g What other operating systems can you think of e Windows is the most popular operating system for people using IBM based computers commonly called PCs e There are many different versions of Windows Windows 8 is the most recent one Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 35 LESSON 3 Software e OS X is used on Apple Mac computers commonly called Macs Finder File Edit View Go Window Help O OM S amp S GB Thu2 25pm GuestUser Q Version 10 9 Software Update Processor 2 5 GHz Intel Core i5 Memory 8 GB 1600 MHz DDR3 More Info TM and 1983 2013 Apple Inc All Rights Reserved License Agreement EO Oma a Oa aa e Other less common types of operating systems are UNIX and LINUX These are used more often on servers rather than personal computer systems How to tell what operating system your computer is running e Look at the top and bottom left of your screen e f you see an Apple icon at
46. e peripheral devices have been connected to the computer you can turn the computer on Turning on the computer after it has been without power for a while is called a cold start or booting up the computer To cold start the computer 1 Make sure the computer is plugged into the wall socket plug 2 Switch the plug on at the wall 3 Push the power button and or switch on your computer Many computers will have two power buttons or switches one at the back of the computer and one at the front These will all look different depending on the make of computer Power switch Power switch at the back of the computer next to where the power cable is plugged in Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 51 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 The power button on the front of the computer will often have a symbol like this on it Powering up the Computer Warm Start A computer that is restarted after it has been in use for a while is rebooted also known as a restart or warm start Usually this is done because the e computer has locked up hung e user has made some changes to the computer setup that won t work until it is restarted eg loading new software The best way to do a reboot is to use the restart procedure in Windows e If
47. es for each peripheral eg monitor modem etc For some peripheral devices there might be two cables a power cable and a connection cable eg USB cable e For wireless peripherals if relevant Batteries usually AA or AAA for powering the device eg wireless keyboard mouse Wireless receiver to provide the connection between the device and the computer These cables batteries and or wireless receivers should have been included with your device If you can t find it you will need to talk to the IT person USB wireless receiver for a mouse and keyboard Connecting wired peripherals Knowing what goes where It is important to know what needs to be plugged in and what it needs to be plugged into The table on the next page summarises the different types of cables and where they get plugged into ie their ports Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 47 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Description Where it gets plugged in Power cords Used to connect computer and a monitor to the mains power wall socket 47 N l Wall socket Printer cable with a male and female 36 pin head also called parallel cable This type of printer cable is used with older models of printers These days a USB cable is often used instead Monitor cable
48. fice room Ergonomic requirements for the working environment g Space e People need to be have enough space to be able to do their work safely and comfortably e Amount of space needed will depend on individual their type of work and hardware being used e Personal space is important so people don t feel crowded e There needs to be enough space for person to have a range of comfortable working postures e Users need to be able to get to from their computers easily without anything blocking their way Housekeeping e Floors need to be kept tidy e Access ways ie to and from workstation etc need to be kept clear e Power and other cables must not be a tripping hazard Noise e Noise can make it hard for people to communicate and or concentrate e Noise levels should be as low as possible e Noise levels should be monitored to be kept at an acceptable level Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 76 LESSON 6 Ergonomics D cor e D cor affects the lighting in a room and so should be planned along with the lighting CEILING e Generally ceilings should be brighter than walls ail walls should be brighter than floors WALLS e Avoid sharp contrasts in brightness eg a white ceiling and very dark wall FLOOR Atmospheric Conditions e The room should be well ventilate
49. ftware Hardware is the name given to the physical parts used in a computer system that you can touch and see e Some of this hardware forms the very core of the computer and the computer cannot work without It e Other hardware is added to the main computer For this reason these hardware devices are sometimes called peripherals e These hardware components are often found outside of the actual computer box itself In this lesson we will focus on the main peripheral hardware in a personal computer system You will also be given some guidelines on how to use this hardware in a safe way ie ergonomic principles Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 How many hardware components can you think of What do Write these on the diagram below One example has been You Think given to get you started SA Y Hardware a a Components _ _ _ 7 N gt Keyboard Hardware device types N There are four main types of hardware e Input devices e Processing devices e Output devices e Storage devices Input devices e Take data from users and gives it to the computer e Example A user can enter text data on a computer using a keyboard Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge
50. haring Use Printer Offline Properties Are you sure that you want to cancel all documents for Main Printer This will delete the document s from the print queue 6 Save the document 7 Turn the printer off and leave it for 30 seconds before turning it on again Rebooting both your computer and printer fixes many printer faults because it clears the print buffer Lack of memory e Sometimes a very large document will be bigger than the amount of memory allocated for the print buffer The printer may print part of the document or it may simply freeze e A quick way to solve this is to delete the print job from the print queue reboot the printer print the document again this time in separate smaller sections Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 66 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Care and maintenance of a N personal computer system N Like a car boat or bicycle a personal computer system needs to be properly cared for and maintained If it isn t then things start to break and could even become harmful In this section we are going to look at a few care and maintenance procedures that will help ensure a personal computer system runs efficiently and safely for as long as possible Cleaning hardware Keeping different devices
51. heck the printer manual for advice e Be gentle when taking the paper out or you could damage part of the printer e Be careful when taking the paper out Some parts of the printer can become very hot Be careful not to burn yourself Be careful not to get your finger and hands stuck in part of the printer Software Problems Printer Driver e lf the printer is newly attached to the PC check that the correct print driver is installed e Otherwise consult the manufacturer s User Manual or the manual help that relates to your operating system eg Windows 8 or Windows 7 Document error Two types of error messages to do with a document are common Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 64 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 e Load correct paper message means that the application eg Word wants to print using a different size paper than is loaded in the printer Make sure that the paper size selected in the Print Menu Window and the actual paper in the printer are the same this is usually A4 e Margins outside of printable area message Most printers cannot print all the way to the edge of the page So if you have a document image etc that goes all the way to the edge of a page you might get this error message To solve the problem set the margins of you
52. keyboard safely Use an ergonomic keyboard e The keyboard shown in Figure 1 is a standard keyboard e There are also ergonomic keyboards which are specially designed to help prevent strain on the hands fingers and wrists An example is shown on the right 1 Adapted from original image by Simo Kaupinm ki Source Wikimedia Commons Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system LESSON 1 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Alphabet section of G and H in keyboard directly in line with front of user user s nose oO ee ee eee eee ee ee ee ee Keyboard comfortably within reach gt 150mm a Keyboard Keyboard slope below elbow allows neutral height wrist position Position of the keyboard e Notice on the diagram above that the keyboard s space bar needs to be at least 150mm from the edge of the table This is to allow enough space for the user to rest their hands and forearms when they are not typing on the keyboard e As for a monitor the main thing to remember regarding the position of the keyboard is that the person should be able use the keyboard without unnecessary strain on their hands fingers wrists neck back etc General guidelines e The keyboard needs to be stable so that it doesn t move around when it is being used e The keys on the key
53. n this Lesson Review For each of the multiple choice questions that follow circle the letter next to the correct answer 1 What is the purpose of systems software A Permanent storage of programs and data while they are being used B Runs the computer and tells it what to do C Enables you to write big documents quickly and easily D To receive data and tell other hardware what to do 2 Applications software is software that A Keeps your program in RAM B Enters characters numbers choices and instructions to the CPU C Interprets commands manages data and processes input and output D People use to meet a specific need such as writing letters 3 How do Systems software and Applications software work together A Systems software interprets instructions from Application software and tells the computer what to do B Systems software communicated with the CPU while applications control the flow of information C Application software collects instructions and data from the system software and makes decisions accordingly D Systems software and Applications software don t communicate very often CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 43 LESSON 3 Software 4 An application that handles numbers finances statistics and accounting is A mo O D Desktop Publishing
54. olutions The table below indicates some common faults and solutions for different hardware components Component Things to check and solutions Check it is plugged in properly Does not respond If it is a wireless keyboard check that the batteries aren t flat Keyboard The computer may have locked up Try pressing the Esc key Keyboard just beeps If that doesn t work try to save your work and then reboot the computer Is the mouse plugged in Is it plugged into the right place Some computers have two places COM ports USB port that will fit a mouse but usually only one of them is correct The mouse pointer B l Some mouses also have a switch isn t working underneath that allows you to change from Microsoft or MS mode and PC mode Make sure the switch says MS If it is a wireless mouse make sure the batteries aren t flat Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 55 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Component Things to check and solutions e This could be caused by the surface the mouse is on e A shiny or light surface can confuse The mouse is sluggish an optical mouse e Try changing the surface eg use a different surface or turn the mouse pad over The display has two cables one for power and the other for sending the actual data
55. ools available for backing up your data will differ depending on the operating system you are using The instructions which follow are for Windows 8 If you are using Windows 7 see Appendix A for more information Backing up files using Windows 8 File History The Windows 8 File History tool lets you back up your documents and other files The files are saved as copies to a location of your choice this could be an external drive network location etc To turn on File History 1 Move your mouse to the bottom or top right of your screen until the Charms Bar appears Search 2 Click on Search Everywhere v file history e History settings 3 Type file history in the search bar 4 Click Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system Instant Education Solutions 7a ATC New Zealand 69 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 5 Make sure you have connect your external hard drive or that you have a connection to the network you want to save to T H Syste File History w Search Click here to select where O the files should be saved Keep a history at your Restore personal files files File History saves copies of your files so you can get them back If they re lost or Advanced settings damaged Exclude folders o 1 a o File History is off libraries desktop contacts and fav
56. oses to save it Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 33 LESSON 3 Software N Learning Objectives When you have completed this lesson you should be able to do the following a Identify system software and describe its purpose m Identify a range of common software applications and their purposes E Describe how system software and application software interact In Lesson 1 you learned that any computer needs two basic things to be able to work hardware and software In Lessons 1 and 2 we looked at key hardware components of a personal computer system In this lesson we focus on two key types of software and how they interact e System software e Application software We will also look at how these different types of system software work together Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 34 LESSON 3 Software System software e Also known as the operating system OS e The OS is a set of software programs that run the computer Function e Manages the input and output For example it manages the data coming in input from an input device like a keyboard and the data going out output to an output device like a display monitor output e Helps the computer interpret th
57. ourites This is where the files will UNTITLED F be saved 173 GB free of 232 GB Recovery a9 5 Click to turn File History on This will save copies of your files Your files will automatically be backed up to the place indicated Recovering files using Windows 8 File History To recover files follow Steps 1 5 above Then to kb Syste gt File Control Panel Home Click and follow the instructions on screen Select drive Exclude folders Advanced settings Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 70 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Lesson Answer the questions that follow to review what you Review have learned in Lesson 4 and 5 1 What are the first two things you should check if you have a problem with your computer system 2 What should you do if you come across a problem with the computer or printer that you cannot fix yourself 3 If you don t have a hard copy of the user s manual for a particular device where can you get the manual from 4 What are two dangers you need to aware of when you are trying to clear a paper jam or replace the ink toner cartridge in a printer 5 The table below shows two common error messages you could see when printing a document Complete the table to indicate what the
58. owser version eg Internet Explorer 9 10 or 11 e brand and model of printer you are using The instructions which follow below are for Internet Explorer 11 but will be similar for most other browsers Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 60 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 1 Open the web page you want to print 2 Use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl P to open the Print window OR From the menu bar top of your screen Edit View Favourites New tab Duplicate tab New window New session Open Edit with Word desktop Save Save as Close tab Page setup Print preview General Options Select Printer a FUJI XEROX DocuPrint CM305 df s http winsupersite Tool Open in Immersive Browser The Print Window a Microsoft XPS Document Writ ae FUJI XEROX Docu Pri nt CM 303 df Copy 1 ae Send To OneNote 2013 a Main Printer lt Status Location Comment Page Range All Current Page A Enter either a single page number ora single page range For example 5 12 Selection Pages Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system gt _ Printto file Preferences Find Printer Ea Number of copies 1 h hig ne Collate by 2 3
59. problem is and what you would do to solve it Error Message What is the problem How can the problem be solved ee ee i he Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 71 LESSON 6 Ergonomics N Learning Objectives When you have completed this lesson you should be able to do the following Explain ergonomic principles in terms of user well being Explain environmental ergonomic requirements In Lesson 1 and Lesson 2 you learned about how different computer hardware devices can be used in a safe and ergonomic way To use a computer system in an ergonomic way means to do so in a way that reduces the risk of a user being injured or suffering physical strain In this Lesson we review these ergonomic principles and also look at ways to ensure the environment in which we work is safe and healthy Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 72 LESSON 6 Ergonomics Review Ergonomic use of a personal computer system Ergonomic use of hardware e n Lesson 1 and Lesson 2 you learned how to use hardware components in a way that reduces the risk of physical harm to the user e This is known as ergonomic use of the hardware Potential hazards related to hardware use e The components of
60. puter Function e fthe CPU is the brain then RAM is the short term memory e t only stores data while you are using the computer As soon as the power is turned off it loses the data it was storing p T N 3 q ons TANS ays ae PC t a Vu AANA win Sa Ss RAM chips Device Type e RAM is a storage device e It is temporary memory which stores data while you are using the computer Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 24 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 ROM Read Only Memory ROM is another type of memory used by the computer Function e Unlike RAM ROM is permanent memory This is why it is called Read Only e When the computer is powered off any data in ROM is not lost It will still be there when the computer is started again e ROM stores data the computer uses when it starts up boots up This includes the basic instructions the computer uses to run the hardware and check that everything is working correctly when the computer starts up e Today ROM is increasingly being replaced by more flexible technologies ROM chip Device Type e ROM is a storage device e tis permanent memory that stores data even when the computer is off Storage Disk drives N Hard Disk Drives HDD A computer needs some form of long term storage beca
61. puter Two common system maintenance procedures are e Virus Scan e Backup Procedures Virus Scan As you probably already know computer viruses can be a big problem Just like the human flu they can spread easily and cause a lot of harm To follow are some tips for protecting your computer from viruses Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 68 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 e Install an anti virus program like MacAfee Norton s or Trend Micro e Once the program is installed on the computer it will check your memory and hard disk every time you start up the computer It will also stay in memory and detect any new viruses that get onto your computer This is important because you can get viruses by e mail or through the internet e Scan EVERY portable disk or memory stick before you use it Viruses are usually transferred by swapping files and computer games e Regularly scan the hard disk for viruses Your tutor will show you how to do ascan using the anti virus program installed on your computer Making Backups Making backups of your data is very important That way if your computer dies you will still have the information data that was on the computer You can then transfer the data to a different computer and still be able to access the data The t
62. r document so that it does not go all the way to the edge of the page Most printers are able to print document with margins that are at least 50mm 0 50cm wide Memory print buffer Problems Corrupt document Sometimes the document has become corrupted on the way from the computer to the printer spooling This is like a crash at the traffic lights making everything come to a standstill To solve the problem you need to open the print queue and delete the document from the queue as follows How to open the print queue and delete the document 1 Make sure you can see the Desktop on your computer For Windows 8 you may need to do the following to be able to see the Desktop a Click on the Start Button in the bottom left of your screen OR click on the Windows button on your keyboard b Click on the Desktop icon 2 Click on the printer icon name on the taskbar Printer Icon If you don t see the printer Customise icon in the taskbar click here rA to see more taskbar items The Taskbar E a wl O B Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Instant Education Solutions Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a 7a ATC New Zealand personal computer system 65 LESSON 5 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 2 n 3 Click Printer f Document View Connect Pages Size Set As Default Printer 1 193 KB Printing Preferences Update Driver Pause Printing 4 Select S
63. r them to get the computer to do what they want it to do FILE HOME SEND RECEIVE FOLDER VIEW ADOBE PDF fSelgnore gt k N gt om x f Mi R Meeting ao wy Clean Up rd MS New New Email Items Delete Reply Reply Forward amp M So Junk ply Reply Forward Ey More New Delete Respond Example of a GUI Microsoft Outlook 2013 e The system software interprets the instructions from the application software so that the computer can understand it IT tells the computer exactly what to do at a physical level eg print save etc Let s look at an example Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 40 LESSON 3 Software The diagram below shows what happens when a user types a letter using their word processing application It shows how the system software Windows application software Word and hardware RAM and CPU interact to perform this action 1 The computer is off The operating system Windows and application software Word are stored on the hard disk There is nothing in RAM 2 When the computer is turned on the CPU copies the operating system into memory 3 Then the user starts Word and the CPU copies that to memory too 4 When the user starts typing the CPU stores the letter in RAM 5 When the user saves the letter the CPU copies it to the hard disk
64. sical devices that you can touch A dull surface Not shiny Peripherals A device that is connected to a computer but is not part of the main computer A computer system intended to be used by one person at a time It does not have to be hooked up to other computers for it to work Personal computer system Procedures A particular set of rules guidelines or instructions for what you should and shouldn t do and how you should do it in an organisation These instructions used to tell a computer what to do Unlike hardware they are not physical devices parts but are collections of code that are loaded onto the computer Software is sometimes also called a computer application or program Software application See Software Not likely to fall or move around Ventilated To provide fresh air Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 78 Appendix A File Backup Using Y Windows 7 Follow the steps below to backup your files using Windows 7 1 Put a read write CD or DVD into the relevant drive or insert a memory stick or hard drive 2 Click on the Start button g Jtet 3 Click Control Pane on the start menu Control Panel System and Security Review your computer s status Back up your computer _ Kis Find and fix problems Backup l 5 Click Loc
65. ter is switched off e A computer uses hard disk storage to store instructions that the computer uses when it starts up a e When a file is saved the data goes directly from RAM to hard disk storage n e RAM is responsible for temporary storage of data _ 3 The diagram below shows different hardware components Draw arrows to show the direction in which data flows between the hardware components CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGE Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 32 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 4 Below are images of a number of different hardware components 4 1 Write the name of each component under the image 4 2 Draw a line between the component and the relevant function listed on the right of the page e Selects text menu items icons etc and sends instructions to the CPU e Shows the program characters and other visual data as it receives it from the CPU e Controls the flow of information to and from all the other components It makes all the decisions and calculations e Holds many of the key hardware components K Ti and allows them to communicate with each other mii o Ah ilupidahipih vha ni e Permanently stores the program and data and then sends them to the CPU when they are being used Receives the data stored in RAM from the CPU when the user cho
66. the computer needs to be restarted so that changes to the computer can take effect you will usually get a message asking you if you want to restart your computer Click on Yes e f your computer hangs the best way to restart if possible is pressing Ctrl Alt Delete on your keyboard Once you have pressed Ctrl Alt Delete 1 Click the power icon at the bottom right of your screen Sleep Shut down Restart 2 Click on Restart e Warm starting is better for a computer than being shut down because it restarts without the power being turned off Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 52 LESSON 4 Operation and Maintenance of a Personal Computer System Part 1 Interrupting the power supply If the computer has frozen it can be rebooted by either pressing the e restart button on the front of the computer if it has one e power button also on the front of the computer Hold the power button down for 10 seconds It may take this long for the system to respond e Computers generally don t like having the power interrupted So try to only reboot the computer this way if no other way is possible e Never just switch the computer off at the wall outlet socket except as an absolutely last resort Critical software can sometimes be corrupted by a sudden loss of power Se i If your computer
67. to the screen Are both cables plugged in properly Display The screen is blank Is the monitor switched on Try adjusting the contrast and or brightness They may be turned down too far Basic troubleshooting tips When you become aware of a problem the first step is to identify the cause of the problem e Make sure the computer cables are all plugged in This includes checking that the power cable is plugged into the wall socket Remember that you should never have to force a plug into its socket or port e Make sure that the power is ON Make sure that the computer the display and all other components are turned on Remember that there may be more than one switch button that needs to be turned on e If the power is on all the cables are connected correctly and your computer is still having problems check the hardware components Do they have power In other words are they plugged in properly wired devices and are the batteries still working wireless devices Are they turned on If you are sure the problem is not related to a loose disconnect plug or that the device has not been turned on then the device is probably faulty e In this case you need to report the fault to the relevant person in your organisation business school etc e It is important to always follow the procedures of your school business when reporting a fault Find out from your teacher manager or supervisor what these pro
68. use RAM can only store information while the power is on Without it all the data in a computer would be lost whenever the power gets turned off This is what at Hard Disk Drive HDD is used for Learner s Guide Unit 2780v7a Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system Instant Education Solutions 7a ATC New Zealand 25 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Internal Hard Disk Drive Function e An HDD is like a library It stores all the data until the user needs it again e t is called long term storage because it stores data almost permanently Disks may lose their data but they normally last a very long time e Disk drives store all the files and most of the software used by the computer External Hard Disk Drives e Inside the computer case you will find one or more hard drives But it is also possible to attach external hard drives to a computer e There are many options available depending on the age of your computer and how much data you want to store Some examples of external storage are shown below DVD or CDs e Some computers have internal DVD CD drives e Anexternal DVD CD drive can also be attached to a computer using a USB cable Instant Education Solutions Unit 2780v7a_ Learner s Guide 7a ATC New Zealand Demonstrate and apply knowledge of a personal computer system 26 LESSON 2 The Parts of a Personal Computer System Part 2 Flash

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