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1. June 2003 Tool Demonstrations Organized by Eric Verbeek 24th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets International Conference on Business Process Management Eindhoven The Netherlands June 23 27 2003 Tool Demonstrations Table of Contents Table of Contents ADEPT Workflow Management System seele ine 1 A a Ai en 11 Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications iieri a a are 15 CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets sse 25 E E EE 35 UAA KE 41 l CE ee EE 47 HiWorD A Petri Net Based Hierarchical Workflow Designer eene 59 jBpm open source solution tor BPM iii id ida 61 The Model Che chine Kitts 71 PARIS Method amp Application deed le a p aa DE RE 81 Visual Modelling Facilities PRE une 87 PL ee oo 93 Renew The Reference Net Workshop Annan aa ke eu 99 PLC Programming with Signal Interpreted Petri Netz 103 Modelling and Validation with Nool 113 Table of Contents Introduction ADEPT Workflow Management System Features of the ADEPT WfMS ADEPT Workflow Management System ADEPT Components Architecture and Interfaces ADEPT Workflow Management System ADEPT Components Architecture and Interfaces ADEPT Workflow Management System ADEPT Components Architecture and Interfaces ADEPT Workflow Management System ADEPT Components Architecture and Interf2. ately after it has been created but causes problems when the user wants to create additional objects of the same type CPN Tools avoids this automatic changing of the current tool by ensuring that the user can always move an object even when a tool is active with a long click of the mouse This mimics the situation in which one holds a physical pen in the hand while moving an object out of the way in order to write Toolglasses 7 like palettes contain a set of tools represented by buttons and are moved with the left hand but unlike palettes they are semi transparent A tool is applied to an object with a action The tool is positioned over the object of interest and the user clicks through the tool onto the object The toolglass disappears when the tool re quires a drag interaction e g when creating an arc This prevents the toolglass from getting in the way and makes it easier to pan the page with the left hand when the target position is not visible This is a case where the two hands operate simultaneously but independently The index is positioned in the left side of the workspace and contains lists of all the available tools and net elements in CPN Tools see figure 1 It is similar to e g a tree view of files in Windows Explorer and the entries can be opened and closed in the same way in From the index the user can drag tool palettes CP net pages or declarations onto the workspace It is also possible to edit declarations and file
3. 2 6 38 CPN AMI 2 6 References CPN AMI 2 6 39 References 40 CPN AMI 2 6 Business Process Manager FileNET 41 Business Process Manager a a a 42 FileNET Business Process Manager al al al FileNET 43 Business Process Manager 44 FileNET Business Process Manager FileNET 45 Business Process Manager content manager web content manager image manager 46 FileNET Flower Pallas Athena FLOWer 47 Flower 48 FLOWer What is FLOWer FLOWer 49 What is FLOWer 50 FLOWer Broad Application FLOWer 51 Broad Application ET A eure 52 FLOWer Functionality FLOWer 53 Functionality ws g mer d o kem 4 0 tere 3 bee 4 o Ki Fran ee Gemeng att a sanna eg c cmm 2 D roses D e o d Yeon tone u r D e e D r D bee Cen al 54 FLOWer Functionality 1 i v d INSURO chert Oppaziis party FLOWer 55 Functionality 56 FLOWer Implementation Approach 57 FLOWer Implementation Approach Pallas Athena PROCESS MANAGEMENT 58 FLOWer Introduction HiWorD A Petri Net Based Hierarchical Workflow Designer Boualem Benatallah
4. in CPN Tools 2 The CPN Tools Interface The CPN Tools interface requires a keyboard and at least one pointing device Actually the interface supports and encourages the use of two or more pointing devices For a right handed user we recommend using a mouse for the right hand and a trackball for the left CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets 25 The CPN Tools Interface BER jus Binder gt Histor 7 Binder Tob hui Reco Receiver 1 gt Auxiliary INTxDATA Lir gt Create n Even o E gt SEA Hierarchy gt Net d A d ECKE Simulation Fig 1 The CPN Tools interface The left column is called the index The top left and top right binders contain sheets with different views of the same page The bottom binder contains six sheets repre sented by tabs The front sheet containing the page named Top shows a number of magnetic guide lines for easier alignment of objects In the bottom left binder containing a declaration a circular marking menu has been popped up The small binder on the right hand side contains two sheets with tool palettes The palette in the front Create contains tools for creating CP net objects and guide lines A toolglass is positioned over the sheet in the top right binder This toolglass can be used to edit colours line styles and line widths hand The mouse is used for tasks that may require precision while the trackball is used for
5. names for the loaded nets directly in the index The index provides a feedback mechanism for locating CP net objects CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets 27 Editing CP nets connected to a particular declaration if the cursor is held over a declaration a blue halo or underline appears on all declarations pages and binders containing that declaration This makes it easier to e g make changes to a colour set and ensure that the changes are made on all objects using this colour set Magnetic guidelines are used to align objects and keep them aligned Moving an object near a guideline causes the object to snap to it Objects can be removed from a guideline by dragging them away from it Moving a guideline moves all the objects attached to it maintaining their alignment Preliminary results from our user studies make it clear that none of the above techniques is always better or worse Rather each emphasises a different but common pattern of use Marking menus work well when applying multiple commands to a single object Palettes work well when applying the same command to different objects Toolglasses work well when the work is driven by the structure of the diagram such as working around a cycle in a CP net 3 Editing CP nets Editing CP nets in CPN Tools is easy fast and flexible since there is often more than one way to perform a particular task For example places can be created using m
6. Architect Introduction Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications 15 CO OPN Specification Language 16 Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications ADEPT Components Architecture and Interfaces Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications 17 CoopnBuilder Framework EE File Edit View Tools Options Window Help Bslslaelalcix nlalajale 2 5 drink DrinksDispenser MoneyBox Controller D Coopn Source E y ZiprotoidrinkmoneyBox coopn MoneyBox D Class MoneyBox E Interface H Use Coins B Controller Money E Types B Drink moneyBox B Coins E Gates 2M turrent amp mount money BB Money E Methods B DrinksDispenser insertCoin coin B PhysicalDrinksContai takeMoney _ money j returnMoney B PhysicalMoneyBox E Body EJ Package i E Use Booleans D Specification B Places B Controller B DrinksDispenser I Messages P Prototype Generator generating spec Controller E Prototype Generator generating ADT Booleans E Prototype Generator generating class CentralUnit o Prototype Generator generating ADT Coins E CoopnBuilder Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications Tools Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications 19 Tools SC Graphical Editor anl xj File Edit View Help DrinksDispenser insertCoin _ coin selectDrink _ drink Dr
7. Piotr Chrzastowski Wachtel Rachid Hamadi Milton O Dell and Adi Susanto School of Computer Science and Engineering Justwin Technologies Pty Ltd The University of New South Wales 7 9 West Street Suite 1 20 Level 1 Sydney NSW 2052 Australia North Sydney NSW 2060 Australia boualem rhamadi adis cse unsw edu au modell justwin com Institute of Informatics Warsaw University Polish Japanese Institute of Information Technology Banacha 2 PL 02 097 Warszawa Poland ul Koszykowa 86 PL 02 008 Warszawa Poland pch mimuw edu pl Abstract is built along with a simulator The simulator enables designers to view the workflow execution graphi cally and generates logs that will be stored in a relational database for further processing Currently the editor and the simulator are two separate independent programs Both the editor and the simulator understand a common XML schema which provides a framework for communicating be tween them 3 zig File Edit View Petrinet Window Themes Help GEUS HERE ET HEL om CHWINNTPProfiles adis284 Personah OrderingFlight ws zu Bl Oom 4 5 6 e mm me mm w mp w 14 1 Introduction Hlerarchical WORkflow Designer was cre ated to support workflow designers to model business pro cesses and perform business process simulation see Fig ure 1 uses Petri nets to model workflows firstly because they are a well established means to describe con current systems and se
8. aces ADEPT Workflow Management System ADEPT Components Architecture and Interfaces ADEPT Workflow Management System Practical Use and Lessons Learned ADEPT Workflow Management System Practical Use and Lessons Learned ADEPT Workflow Management System Summary 10 ADEPT Workflow Management System Popkin Software amp Systems BV System Architect 11 Popkin Software amp Systems BV NOTO l FIINETINIVI Natel 12 System Architect Popkin Software amp Systems BV amp System Architect Samples BPMN Example BPMN ist x 10 Eile Edit View Format Draw Tools Dictionary Reports Window Help lal xl fit CD Ese la 8 E ETS ER B E E E E EHI Q 4 0 0 0 E CERS IE El Browse tl EYES El E Activity E Auto Decomposition E BPMN Business Concept E Class E Collaboration Component E Data Flow Gane 4 Sarson Data Flow Ward amp Mellor A Decision Chart 8 Deployment Entity Relation s Flow Chart Functional Hierarchy A Network Concept Organization Chart Moderate E mail Discussion Review Status of Discussion aes or SD Discussion SE SE Delay 6 days from Warming Announcement Schedule for Conference Call System Architect 13 Popkin Software amp Systems BV 14 System
9. arking menus palettes and toolglasses While a net is being edited CPN Tools assists the user in a number of different ways e g by providing a variety of graphical feedback regarding the syntax of the net and the status of the tool or by automatically aligning objects in some situations The syntax of a net is checked and simulation code for the net is automatically generated the net is being constructed This section describes how CP nets can be created and edited in CPN Tools 3 1 Tools for Editing CP nets Most of the tools described here can be found both in the palettes and toolglasses that can be dragged out from the entry of the index see figure 1 and in marking menus Create tools are used to create CP net elements i e places transitions and arcs All net elements can be created using palettes toolglasses and marking menus Net elements can be positioned freely within a sheet or they can be snapped to magnetic guidelines CPN Tools assists users by automatically aligning objects in some situations even if guidelines are not used For example if a place is connected to a transition and the place is moved so that it is sufficiently close to being vertically aligned with the transition then CPN Tools will snap the place to be perfectly vertically aligned with the transition Adding inscriptions to net elements is done by clicking on a net element This will select a default inscription e g the name of a place or the inscription
10. ated incrementally as the simulation code is The tool is the tool that generates the state space while the tool calculates the strongly connected component graph of the state space The user can set a number of options which will determine how much of a state space should be generated For example it is possible to stop generating a state space after a certain number of states have been generated or after a certain amount of time has passed Options are changed by editing text in the index Two tools exist for switching between the simulator and a state space The tool will take a user specified state all states in the state space are numbered from the state space and move it to the simulator This makes it possible to inspect the marking of the CP net and to see the enabled transitions It is also possible to simulate the model starting at the state that was moved from the state space Similarly the tool will move the current state of the CP net in the simulator to the state space Once a partial state space has been generated it is possible to seamlessly and instantaneously switch between the state space and the simulator In figure 7 a the SStoSim tool is configured to move state 5 to the simulator A user can easily edit the text of the state number in order to select another state Standard state space reports can be generated automatically and saved using the tool Such reports contain information about one or more of the follo
11. check all declarations rather it will recheck only the declarations and the net inscriptions that depend on the declaration CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets 29 Editing CP nets N INTXDATA Binder INTXDATA Binder Sender Receiver 1 Sender Receiver 1 AS ten INTXDATA INTANT a Bring up marking menu on Sender subpage b Selecting brings the Sender label Receiver page is in front page to front Fig 3 Navigating through marking menus that has been modified This allows the user to do small cycles of editing and simulation without having to wait for the syntax check to catch up Immediately after a net has been loaded and while a net is being edited CPN Tools automatically checks to see if the net is syntactically correct e g if all inscriptions are of the right type and all ports and sockets are connected properly The main drawback to continually running the syntax check and code generation in the background is that interaction with the GUI can occasionally be slowed down particularly when large portions of a CP net are being checked Syntax check feedback is updated while the syntax check runs and the user can follow the progress in the index as well as on the individual sheets Coloured halos and underlines indicate whether or not a net element has been checked and if it is syntactically correct The colour coded feedback not only lets the user know t
12. condly because of their solid and proven theoretical foundation is unique compared to other Petri net editors that already exist for workflow modeling supports not only the creation of a standard Petri net workflow but emphasizes other new ideas such as building a hierarchi cal Petri net using predefined and safe refinement patterns Figure 1 HiWorD Modeling Tool and recovery transitions for exception handling The latter is written in Java and will run on any machine allows the designer to specify where to put tokens in the where a Java virtual machine is available This includes workflow net when recovering from a particular exception OS 2 Apple Macintosh several flavours of Unix such as Solaris or Linux Windows 95 98 NT 2K and many oth This work is partially supported by an ARC SPIRT grant at rs In the sequel9 4 46 TJk24 is 47the SPAIWcly a Java 19 1 a 2c 4 the aging Changes in Dynamic Workflov Environments between UNSW QUT and Justwin Technologies and by an internal research grant No BW ALG 01 2002 of PJWSTK financially supported by KBN in Poland HiWorD A Petri Net Based Hierarchical Workflow Designer 59
13. eased in 1989 with support for editing and simulating CP nets Since then a significant amount of time has been invested in developing efficient and advanced support both for simulation and for generating and analysing full partial and reduced state spaces While the analysis components of Design CPN have steadily improved since 1989 the graphical user interface has remained virtually unchanged CPN Tools is the result of a research project the CPN2000 project 5 at the University of Aarhus sponsored by the Danish National Centre for IT Research CIT George Mason University Hewlett Packard Nokia and Microsoft The goal of the CPN2000 project was to take advantage of the developments in human computer interaction and to experiment with these techniques in connection with a complete redesign of the GUI for Design CPN The resulting CPN Tools combines powerful functionalities with a flexible user interface containing improved interaction techniques as well as different types of graphical feedback which keep the user informed of the status of syntax checks simulations etc All models that are created in Design CPN can be converted and then used in CPN Tools the reverse however is not true This paper is organised as follows Section 2 introduces the new interaction techniques and components of the GUI Section 3 describes how to edit CP nets in CPN Tools Finally Sect 4 describes the simulation and state space facilities that are provided
14. er can follow the simulation both in the index through the green underlines and on the individual pages The green underlines in the tabs make it easy to see which pages currently have enabled transitions without stealing the focus 4 2 State Space Analysis CPN Tools also contains facilities for generating and analysing full and partial state spaces for CP nets To facilitate the implementation of the state space facilities we have added 32 CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets Analysing CP nets a few syntactical constraints which are important for state space generation and analysis but which are unimportant for simulation For example a state space cannot be generated unless all places and transitions in a page have unique names and all arcs have inscriptions The syntax checker will locate violations of these constraints and graphical feedback will assist a user in locating potential problems CP nets that do not meet all of the constraints can still be simulated without problems Y Statespace EnterStateSpace F CalcSs CalcSCC v5StoSim state 5 SimtoSs SaveRepoit a State space tools b Statistics from state space report Fig 7 State space tools from the index and a state space report State space tools from the index are shown in figure 7 a The tool is used first to generate net specific code necessary for generating a state space i e the state space code is not gener
15. ferent areas in the workspace has different results on an enabled transition it causes that particular transition to occur while on a page it will cause a random enabled transition on that particular page to occur The tool will execute a user defined number of steps and the simulation graphics will be updated after each step The tool will also execute a user defined number of steps but the simulation graphics will not be updated until after the last step has been executed Simulation feedback is updated during the syntax check and during simulations Fig ure 6 shows typical simulation feedback Green circles indicate how many tokens are cur rently on each place and current markings appear in green text boxes next to the places Green halos are used to indicate enabled transitions Pages containing enabled transitions are underlined with green in the index and their page tabs are also underlined with green Tool box Help Binders Options VhierDemo cpn INTXDATA ee Step 0 Time 0 np gt Declarations v Top sender Binder Sender 8 1 1 Modellin 1 2 9 and An 4 alysil INTDATA Fig 6 Simulation tools have VCR like icons Simulation feedback includes current marking infor mation and halos around enabled transitions The transition is enabled here As a simulation progresses the simulation feedback changes with each step if the single step tool or the play tool are used and the us
16. for an arc and the selected inscription can then be added edited or removed through the keyboard It is not necessary to use the mouse when editing the inscriptions for one particular object since the key can be used to move from one inscription to another for the object in question Furthermore CPN Tools assists in positioning inscriptions All inscriptions have a default position e g colour sets are positioned near the lower right hand side of a place A number of snap points around objects can be used to position inscriptions in alternative standard positions and an inscription can also be positioned freely within a sheet The alignment of an inscription is maintained when the text of the inscription is changed In CPN Tools it is possible to clone i e copy almost any type of object and then to create new objects that are identical to the original object Cloning an object clones all of the relevant information such as size textual inscriptions line colour and line width This makes it very easy for example to create a number of places that have the same shape line colour and colour set inscription or to add the same arc inscription to a number of 28 CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets Editing CP nets different arcs After an object has been cloned using a marking menu the right hand holds a tool that can be used to create new objects The cursor for the right hand indicates which object
17. hat something is happening during the syntax check but it also indicates the status and outcome of the syntax check When a net has just been loaded all page entries in the index and all CP net elements on sheets are marked with orange to indicate that they have not yet been checked Yellow indicates that an object is currently being checked Elements that are not marked with halos or underlines have been successfully checked When the user has finished a part of a net to a certain degree i e colour sets have been added to places arcs have been drawn between places and transitions inscriptions have been added etc these objects are immediately syntax checked and the halos disappear if the syntax check was successful As the syntax check progresses simulation information enabled transitions tokens etc appears Section 4 1 contains more details about simulation feedback Error feedback is provided for each object that has syntax errors Objects with syntax errors are marked with red and a speech bubble containing an error message appears with a description of the error as shown in figure 4 Most of these error messages come directly from the simulation engine which is implemented in Standard ML 8 If the error is on an arc the transition connected to it is also marked with red since a transition is incorrect when at least one of its arcs is incorrect The sheet tab and page entry in the index are also marked with red making it easier fo
18. idden windows CPN Tools supports multiple views allowing several sheets to contain different views of the same page For example one sheet can provide a close up view of a small part of a page while another sheet can provide a view of the same page at a much smaller scale see figurel Direct manipulation i e clicking or dragging objects is used for frequent operations such as moving objects panning the content of a view and editing text When a tool is held in the right hand e g after having selected it in a palette direct manipulation actions are still available via a long click i e pressing the mouse button waiting for a short delay until the cursor changes and then either dragging or releasing the mouse button Bi manual manipulation is a variant of direct manipulation that involves using both hands for a single task It is used to resize objects binders places transitions etc and to zoom the view of a page The interaction is similar to holding an object with two hands and stretching or shrinking it Unlike traditional window management techniques using two hands makes it possible to simultaneously resize and move a binder or pan and zoom the view of a page This has been further generalised to allow an arbitrary number of hands so two or more users can work together on the same computer Marking menus 6 are circular contextual menus that appear when clicking the right button of the mouse Marking menus offer faster select
19. ient when working with Coloured Petri Nets CPN Tools requires an OpenGL graphics accelerator and a PC running Windows 2000 or Windows XP Furthermore it is recommended that the CPU is at least a Pentium II 400 MHz or equivalent and that there is at least 256 MB RAM Future versions are expected to run on all major platforms including Windows Unix Linux and MacOS Additional information about CPN Tools can be found at CPN Tools does not currently provide all of the functionality that is available for De sign CPN Future work will however extend the functionality of CPN Tools in several different ways Facilities for collecting data running multiple simulations and calculating statistics are currently being integrated into CPN Tools and these facilities are expected to be available by the end of 2003 Additional animation facilities such as message sequence charts and domain specific animation are also being developed However these facilities will probably not be available before 2004 Additional plans include the design and imple mentation of a totally new generation of state space facilities Acknowledgements We would like to thank Michel Beudouin Lafon and Wendy E Mackay who played a central role in designing the new interface for CPN Tools We would also like to thank current and former members of the CPN Group at the University of Aarhus for their participation in the design and implementation of the tool References 1 Jense
20. inksDispenser insertCoin _ coin selectDrink _ drink p add drink _ drink cancel cancel i d Controller MM cora M add container _ price _ drink money displav amp mount monev 20 Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications Code Generation E Prototype Interpretor Specification DrinksDispenser f Ol xi Synchronization z selectDrink Soda Interpret Trace add container Soda price 9 Restart selectDrink Soda selectDrink Soda add drink Soda add drink Soda selectDrink Soda insertCoin 5c WITH displayAmount succ succ succ succ succ Dn insertCoin 5c WITH display amp mount succ succ succ succ succ succ succ succ selectDrink Soda WITH display amp mount 0 takeMoney giveDrink Godam vi Debugger enabled 9 Exit distribute d axiom 7 9 Bt 3 Exit takeMoney ml axiom 2 IN Exit dispenseDrink d axiom 2 41 IN Exit takeCoins axiom 2 3 Exit takeDrink d axiom 2 Prototvping Object Oriented Specifications Code Generation 22 Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications Related Work Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications 23 References 24 Prototyping Object Oriented Specifications Introduction CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets Anne Vinter Ratzer Lisa Wells Henry Michael Lassen Mads Laursen Jacob Frank Qvortrup Martin Stig Sti
21. ion than traditional linear menus for two reasons First it is easier for the human hand to move the cursor in a given direction than to reach for a target at a given distance as in a traditional linear menu Second the menu does not appear when the selection gesture is executed quickly which supports a smooth transition between novice and expert use Kurtenbach and Buxton 6 have shown that selection times can be more than three times faster than with traditional menus Keyboard input is mainly to edit text Some navigation commands are available at the keyboard to make it easier to edit several inscriptions in sequence without having to move the hands to the pointing devices Keyboard modifiers and shortcuts are not necessary since most of the interaction is carried out with the two hands on the pointing devices Palettes contain tools represented by buttons Clicking a tool with the mouse activates this tool i e the user conceptually holds the tool in the hand Clicking on an object with the tool in hand applies the tool to that object Palettes can be moved with either hand making it easy to bring the tools close to the objects being manipulated and saving the time spent moving the cursor to a traditional menubar or toolbar In many current interfaces after a tool is used especially a creation tool the system automatically activates a select tool This supports a frequent pattern of use in which the user wants to move an object immedi
22. lour and either with or without current marking information Ss d re p Fig 5 CP net that had been saved in EPS format History provides an overview of many of the operations that are executed during the construction of a CP net Typical operations that are shown in the History include open and close operations for nets sheets and binders create and delete operations for pages net elements and inscriptions and style change operations Furthermore and tools can be applied to all of the operations that are shown in the History Some operation such as movement of objects are currently not saved within the History Help provides access to a number of web pages that are related to CPN Tools This includes links to the web based user manual the homepage for CPN Tools and a web page for reporting bugs 4 Analysing CP nets CPN Tools currently supports two types of analysis for CP nets simulation and state space analysis This section presents the and the that can be found under the entry in the index of CPN Tools CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets 31 Analysing CP nets 4 1 Simulation Simulations are controlled using the As in many other simulation software packages the icons for the simulation tools resemble buttons from a VCR see figure 6 The tool returns a CP net to its initial marking The tool causes one en abled transition to occur Applying this tool to dif
23. n K Coloured Petri Nets Basic Concepts Analysis Methods and Practical Use Volumes 1 3 Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science Springer Verlag 1992 1997 2 Kristensen L M Christensen S Jensen K The practitioner s guide to coloured Petri nets International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 2 1998 98 132 3 Design CPN Online http www daimi au dk designCPN 4 Petri Nets Tool Database Online http www daimi au dk PetriNets tools db html 5 CPN2000 Project Online http www daimi au dk CPnets CPN2000 6 Kurtenbach G Buxton W User learning and performance with marking menus In Proceedings of Human Factors in Computing Systems ACM 1994 258 264 CHT 94 7 Bier E Stone M Pier K Buxton W Rose T D Toolglass and magic lenses the see through interface In Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH ACM Press 1993 73 80 8 Standard ML of New Jersey Online http cm bell labs com cm cs what sminj 9 Jensen K Christensen S Kristensen L M Design CPN Occurrence Graph Man ual Department of Computer Science University of Aarhus Denmark 1996 Online http www daimi au dk designCPN man 34 CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets Introduction CPN AMI 2 6 35 CPN AMI2 6 a Petri net based CASE environment 36 CPN AMI 2 6 CPN AMI2 6 a Petri net based CASE environment CPN AMI 2 6 37 New tools for CPN AMI
24. r users to find all errors in a net When the error is corrected all red feedback and error messages disappear Code generation is connected to the syntax check When portions of a net are found to be syntactically correct the necessary simulation code is automatically generated incre mentally This saves time and eliminates the need for having two distinct modes for editing and simulating CP nets As a result it is possible to simulate part of a CP net even though other parts of the CP net may have syntax errors or may be incomplete 3 3 Additional Tools Net tools are used to open save and print CP nets In contrast to Design CPN multiple CP nets can be opened edited and simulated at the same time Individual pages from CP nets 30 CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets Analysing CP nets Help Binders Binder 0 Options Sender Network VhierDemo cpn INTXDATA Step 0 8 Time 0 7 a SI INTXDATA Errar in ar inseriptiani Transm Q 126 Errar unbaund variable ar canstructar d Declarations Top mm Packat Elabarate failure Sender Ca Network Receiver 1 a Receiver 2 SCHEI None Fig 4 Error feedback includes coloured halos and speech bubbles with error messages can be saved as Encapsulated Postscript EPS files using the tool Figure 5 shows an example of a page that was saved as an EPS file Pages can be saved in either black and white or co
25. rarchy tools are used to create hierarchical CP nets Tools exist for assigning an existing page as a subpage to a substitution transition for turning a transition into a substi tution transition and automatically creating a new page with interface places for assigning port types to places and for creating fusion sets These tools support both top down and bottom up approaches to modelling Marking menus can be used to navigate between su perpages and subpages When navigating from one page to another the destination page is either brought to the front of a binder if the page is already in a sheet otherwise the page is opened in a sheet and is added to the current binder Figure 3 shows an example of navigating from a superpage to a subpage 3 2 Syntax Check and Code Generation A common trait for many simulation tools is that the syntax of a model must be checked and additional code must be generated before a simulation of the model can be executed In Design CPN users invoke syntax checks explicitly either through a command in a menu or through a switch to the simulation mode In response to requests from users this explicit syntax check has been eliminated and CPN Tools instead features a syntax check that au tomatically runs in the background Moreover when changes are made in a net the syntax check will check only the parts of the net that are affected by the change For example when a declaration is changed the syntax checker does re
26. ssing Michael Westergaard Sgren Christensen Kurt Jensen Department of Computer Science University of Aarhus IT parken Aabogade 34 DK 8200 Arhus N Denmark Abstract CPN Tools is a tool for editing simulating and analysing Coloured Petri Nets The GUI is based on advanced interaction techniques such as toolglasses marking menus and bi manual interaction Feedback facilities provide contextual er ror messages and indicate dependency relationships between net elements The tool features incremental syntax checking and code generation which take place while a net is being constructed A fast simulator efficiently handles both untimed and timed nets Full and partial state spaces can be generated and analysed and a standard state space report contains information such as boundedness properties and liveness prop erties The functionality of the simulation engine and state space facilities are similar to the corresponding components in Design CPN which is a widespread tool for Coloured Petri Nets 1 Introduction CPN Tools is a tool for editing simulating and analysing untimed and timed hierarchical Coloured Petri nets CPN or CP nets 1 2 CPN Tools is intended to replace Design CPN 3 which is a widespread software package for CP nets In addition to Design CPN CPN Tools can be compared to other Petri net tools such as ExSpect GreatSPN and Renew which are all described in the Petri Nets Tool Database 4 Design CPN was first rel
27. tasks that do not require much precision e g moving tools For simplicity we assume a right handed user in our description of interaction techniques We describe how such a person would typically use the right or left hand but it should be noticed that all operations can be done using either hand The interface has no menu bars or pull down menus and only few scrollbars and dialog boxes Instead it uses a combination of traditional recent and novel interaction techniques which are described below Figure 1 shows the GUI for CPN Tools Workspace management makes it easy to manage the large number of pages that are typically found in industrial sized CP nets The workspace occupies the whole screen and contains window like objects called Binders contain where each sheet is equivalent to a window in a traditional environment A sheet provides a view of either a page from a CP net or declarations or a set of tools Each sheet has a tab similar to those found in tabbed dialogs Clicking the tab brings that sheet to the front of the binder A sheet can be dragged to a different binder or to the background to create a new binder for it Binders reduce the number of windows on the screen and the time spent organising 26 CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets The CPN Tools Interface them Binders also help users organise their work by grouping related sheets together and reducing the time spent looking for h
28. was cloned Figure 2 shows a place on the left and the cursor on the right that was obtained after cloning the place I LA a LL 5 x B Teng Fig 2 Cursor indicating which object has just been cloned Style tools can be used to change the style of any net element Each kind of net element has a default style which determines the size line and fill colour line width and line style solid dashed etc of newly created elements Applying a style tool e g a colour or a certain line width to a guideline will apply it to all of the objects on the guideline View tools are used to define groups and to zoom in and out on a page An arbitrary number of groups can be defined for each CP net Currently each group may only contain objects from one page in a net A group can however consist of different kinds of objects such as places arc inscriptions and auxiliary nodes Objects can be added and removed from groups via a marking menu a tool palette or a toolglass Creating a new object in a group adds the object to the group as well as adding it to the appropriate page in the CP net If a tool such as a style tool or a fusion set tool is applied to a group member while in group mode then the tool is automatically applied to all relevant members in the group The also contains tools for zooming in and out on a page These tools can be used as an alternative to the two handed resizing technique that is described in Sect 2 Hie
29. wing statistics about the generation of the state space boundedness properties home properties liveness properties and fairness properties Figure 7 b shows a state space report containing only statistics regarding the generation of the state space Querying facilities are also available The state space facilities of CPN Tools are very similar to the facilities in the Design CPN Occurrence Graph Tool 9 OG Tool This means that the standard queries that are described in the user manual for the OG Tool are also available in CPN Tools However currently there is no advanced interface that can be used to access these facilities The method for accessing these queries is shown in figure 8 A query can be written using the tool from the The query is then evaluated by applying the tool from the to the auxiliary text The result of evaluating the query will be shown in a speech bubble Currently there is no support for drawing state spaces or parts of state spaces CPN Tools for Editing Simulating and Analysing Coloured Petri Nets 33 Conclusion and Future Work Binder 0 Queries val it 8 8 7 5 5 11 10 Node list a a Auxiliary Simulation mE LJO ter Fig 8 Evaluating state space queries 5 Conclusion and Future Work CPN Tools combine advanced interaction techniques into a consistent interface for editing simulating and analysing Coloured Petri Nets These interaction techniques have proven to be very effic
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