Home

PDF Version - Federal Register

1. a 38628 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations EPA APPROVED NON REGULATORY PROVISIONS AND QUASI REGULATORY MEASURES IN THE ARKANSAS SIP Continued State Name of SIP Applicable geographic or nonattainment submittal EPA Approval Explanation provision area effective date P date Interstate transport Statewide a 4 5 11 8 20 12 77 Approved except as it relates to GHGs for the 1997 ozone FR 50033 The GHG PSD deficiency was ad NAAQS Noninter dressed on April 2 2013 78 FR ference with meas 19596 ures required to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in any other State 52 172 Amended E 3 Section 52 172 is amended by removing paragraph b and redesignating paragraphs c and d as paragraphs b and c respectively m 4 Section 52 181 is amended by redesignating paragraph a 5 as paragraph a 7 and adding paragraphs a 5 and 6 to read as follows 52 181 Significant deterioration of air quality a x Kk 5 November 6 2012 submittal of Regulation 19 Chapter 9 Prevention of Significant Deterioration which provided the authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions in the Arkansas PSD program 6 January 7 2014 submittal of Regulation 19 Chapter 9 Prevention of Significant Deterioration which updated the Arkansas PSD program to provide for the issuance of greenhouse gas plantwide applicability limi
2. HCl emissions To facilitate use of alternative technologies to FTIR and to aid in measuring the low levels of HCl specified in those rules the EPA has developed and is promulgating these new specifications and quality control QC procedures PS 18 and Procedure 6 for HCl CEMS as an alternative to the use of PS 15 38630 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations Multiple technologies are available for HCl emissions monitoring The goals of PS 18 and Procedure 6 are 1 to allow for the use of different HCl CEMS sampling and analytical technologies as long as the required performance criteria set out in the performance specification PS are met and 2 to establish consistent requirements for ensuring and assessing the quality of data measured by a HCl CEMS Performance Specification 18 and Procedure 6 were proposed on May 14 2014 79 FR 27690 The initial public comment period was extended from 30 to 60 days ending July 13 2014 in response to commenter requests We reviewed and considered comments on the proposed PS 18 and Procedure 6 and have made several changes to the specifications and QA procedures finalized with this action to address concerns and improve the proposed performance specifications and procedures Under section 553 d of the Administrative Procedures Act APA 5 U S C 553 d the agency may make a rule immediately effective for good cause found a
3. appendix A 1 to 40 CFR part 60 for a circular stack or nine points at the centroids of similarly shaped equal area divisions of the cross section of a rectangular stack 11 9 3 2 2 You may substitute a stratification test for SO for the HCl stratification test If you select this option you must follow the test procedures in Method 6C of appendix A 4 to 40 CFR part 60 or Method 320 of appendix A of 40 CFR part 63 11 9 3 2 3 Calculate the mean measured concentration for all sampling points MNavg 11 9 3 2 4 Calculate the percent stratification S of each traverse point using Equation 8 in section 12 5 11 9 3 2 5 The gas stream is considered to be unstratified and you may perform the RA testing at a single point that most closely matches the mean if the concentration at each traverse point differs from the mean concentration for all traverse points by a No more than 5 0 percent of the mean concentration or b 0 2 ppm for HCl or 3 ppm for SO2 absolute whichever is less restrictive 11 9 3 2 6 Ifthe criterion for single point sampling 5 0 percent 0 2 ppm for HCl or 3 ppm for SO are not met but the concentration at each traverse point differs from the mean concentration for all traverse points by no more than 10 0 percent of the mean the gas stream is considered to be minimally stratified and you may take RA samples using the 3 point short line Alternatively you may use the 3 point short line if each tra
4. may adjust the system to maintain the correct flow rate at the analyzer during the test but you may not make adjustments for any other purpose For dilution systems you must operate the measurement system at the appropriate dilution ratio during all system ME checks and you may make only the adjustments necessary to maintain the proper ratio 11 7 3 IP CEMS ME Test 38638 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 11 7 3 1 Conduct a 3 level system ME test by individually adding the known concentrations of HCl reference gases into a calibration cell of known volume temperature pressure and path length Note The optical path used for IP CEMS ME checks must include the native HCl measurement path You must also collect native stack concentration HCl measurements before and after each HCl standard measurement Bracketing HCl reference gas measurements with native stack HCl measurements must be used in the calculations in Equation 5 in section 12 4 2 to correct the upscale measurements for stack gas HCl concentration changes 11 7 3 2 Introduce HCl reference gas into your calibration cell in a range of concentrations that produce responses equivalent to the source concentrations shown in Table 4 of this PS for your path length 11 7 3 3 Make triplicate measurements for each reference gas standard for a total of nine measurements Introduce different calibration concentrations in any
5. this PS For IP CEMS calculate the SAR using Equation A8 11 5 6 5 If your system LOD field verification does not demonstrate a SAR greater than or equal to your initial controlled environment LOD you must increase the SA concentration incrementally and repeat the field verification procedure until the SAR is equal to or greater than LOD The site specific standard addition detection level SADL is equal to the standard addition needed to achieve the acceptable SAR and SADL replaces the controlled environment LOD For extractive CEMS the SADL is calculated as the ESA using Equation A7 in appendix A of this PS For IP CEMS the SADL is the SA calculated using Equation A8 in appendix A of this PS As described in section 13 1 of this PS the SADL must be less than 20 percent of the applicable emission limit 11 6 Response Time Determination You must determine ME LOD and SA RT 11 6 1 For ME or LOD RT start the upscale RT determination by injecting zero gas into the measurement system as required by the procedures in section 11 7 or 11 5 respectively You may use humidified zero gas For standard addition RT start the upscale RT determination by measuring the native stack gas concentration of HCl 11 6 1 1 For extractive CEMS measuring ME or LOD RT the output has stabilized when there is no change greater than 1 0 percent of full scale for 30 seconds 11 6 1 2 For standard addition RT that includes the stack gas matrix t
6. 052 2 306 18 2 101 28 2 048 2 262 19 2 093 29 2 045 2 228 20 2 086 30 2 042 aThe value n is the number of independent pairs of measurements Either discrete ages can be use d independent measurements in a single run or run aver Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38645 e DATE o i LOCATION Is a SPAN E NUMBER VALUE RESPONSE IFFERENCE D Low Mean Difference Measurement Error Figure 1 Measurement Error Determination SOURCE DATE CEMS LOCATION SERIAL NUMBER SPAN REFERENC DIFFERENCE PERCENT Y E E GAS RESPONSE OF SPAN VALUE Pay Safe a edi ESSE ee i ER TE A E pe ee Red CI O a ae ey Oe D a passo E N EEE e Ge SOR es Cer ESEC ao ie do cof eS E 5 EE Amo ko y Es Mete oo TO fo mea Modo Micos ft to 4 o esposo E E Ss ee p Figure 2 Calibration Drift Determination 38646 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations PS 18 Appendix A Standard Addition Procedures 1 0 Scope and Application 1 1 This appendix to Performance Specification PS 18 describes the procedure and performance requirements for standard addition SA as a quality check for hydrogen chloride HCl continuous emission monitoring systems CEMS 1 2 This appendix is applicable to quality checks of both extractive and integrated path IP technologies used to
7. 1 5 Introduce the interference test gases listed in Table 1 in section 17 0 of this PS to the analyzer conditioning system separately or in any combination The interference test gases need not be of reference gas quality 11 1 5 1 For extractive CEMS the interference test gases may be introduced directly into the inlet to the analyzer conditioning system after the probe extension coupling 11 1 5 2 For IP CEMS the interference test gases may be added with the HCl in a calibration cell or separately in a temperature controlled cell The effective concentration of the gas in the cell must meet the requirements in Table 1 corrected for absolute pressure temperature and the nominal stack sampling path length of the CEMS 11 1 6 The interference test must be performed by combining an HCl reference gas with each interference test gas or gas mixture You must measure the baseline HCl response followed by the response after adding the interference test gas es while maintaining a constant HCl concentration You must perform each interference gas injection and evaluation in triplicate Note The baseline HCl gas may include interference gases at concentrations typical of ambient air e g 21 percent O2 400 parts per million ppm CO 2 percent H20 but these concentrations must be brought to the concentrations listed in Table 1 when their interference effects are being evaluated 11 1 7 You should document the gas volume rate
8. 24 hours before or after of the above span period introduce a higher above span HCl reference gas standard to the CEMS Use above span reference gas that meets the Normalized stack gas result Certified reference gas value Measured value of reference gas 4 2 Beam Intensity Requirement for HCI IP CEMS 4 2 1 Beam Intensity Measurement If you use a HC IP CEMS you must quantify and record the beam intensity of the IP CEMS in appropriate units at least once daily approximately 24 hours apart according to manufacturer s specifications and procedures 4 2 2 Out of Control Criteria for Excessive Beam Intensity Loss If the beam intensity falls below the level established for the operation range determined following the procedures in section 11 2 of PS 18 of this part then your CEMS is out of control This quality check is independent of whether the CEMS daily CD is acceptable If your CEMS is out of control take necessary corrective action You have the option to repeat the beam intensity test procedures in section 11 2 of PS 18 to expand the acceptable range of acceptable beam intensity Following corrective action repeat the beam intensity check 4 3 Out Of Control Period Duration for Daily Assessments The beginning of the out of control period is the hour in which the owner or operator conducts a daily performance check e g calibration drift or beam intensity check that indicates an exceed
9. ASTM E608 E608M 06 Specification for Mineral Insulated Metal Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples d ASTM E696 07 Specification for Tungsten Rhenium Alloy Thermocouple Wire e ASTM E1129 E1129M 98 2002 Standard Specification for Thermocouple Connectors f ASTM E1159 98 2003 Specification for Thermocouple Materials Platinum Rhodium Alloys and Platinum g ISA MC96 1 1982 Temperature Measurement Thermocouples ASTM E1137 E1137M 04 Standard Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance Thermometers TABLE 4 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATION TEST ZERO AND REFERENCE GAS RANGES HCI Zero and Reference Gas Concentrations in Terms Test Units of Percent of Spana Section Zero Low Level Mid Level High Level Calibration Drift sera estara ut pers arn satataten anes of Span lt LOD NA 50 605 NA 11 8 Measurement Error ccccscsccsscsesscecsseesseeseceseseseseeeseesees of Span NA wee 20 30 50 60 80 100 11 7 a Reference gas concentration must be NIST traceable see section 7 1 b Mid level is required For DS calibration drift option choose a concentration that yields a value in this range at the analyzer TABLE 5 STUDENT S T VALUES n 1a t value n 1a t value n 12 t value 12 71 11 2 201 21 2 080 4 303 12 2 179 22 2 074 3 182 13 2 160 23 2 069 2 776 14 2 145 24 2 064 2 571 15 2 131 25 2 060 2 447 16 2 120 26 2 056 2 365 17 2 110 27 2
10. Calculation For each gas concentration determine the average of DSA Accuracy 7 0 Reporting Requirements At the reporting interval specified in the applicable regulation or permit report for each CEMS the quarterly and annual accuracy audit results from section 6 and the daily assessment results from section 4 Unless otherwise specified in the applicable regulation or permit include all data sheets calculations CEMS data records i e charts records of CEMS responses reference gas certifications and reference method results necessary to confirm that the performance of the CEMS met the performance specifications 7 1 Unless otherwise specified in the applicable regulations or permit report the daily assessments CD and beam intensity and accuracy audit information at the interval for emissions reporting required under the applicable regulations or permits 7 1 1 Ata minimum the daily assessments and accuracy audit information reporting must contain the following information a Company name and address b Identification and location of monitors in the CEMS c Manufacturer and model number of each monitor in the CEMS d Assessment of CEMS data accuracy and date of assessment as determined by a RATA RAA CGA or DSA described in section 5 including i The RA for the RATA ij The accuracy for the CGA RAA or DSA iiii Temperature and pressure sensor audit results for IP CEMS iv The RM results the refe
11. This procedure specifies the minimum QA requirements necessary for the control and assessment of the quality of CEMS data submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency EPA or a delegated authority If you are responsible for one or more CEMS used for HCl compliance monitoring you must meet these minimum requirements and you are encouraged to develop and implement a more extensive QA program or to continue such programs where they already exist 1 1 2 Data collected as a result of QA and QC measures required in this procedure are to be submitted to the EPA or the delegated authority in accordance with the applicable regulation or permit These data are to be used by both the delegated authority and you as the CEMS operator in assessing the effectiveness of the CEMS QC and QA procedures in the maintenance of acceptable CEMS operation and valid emission data 1 2 Principle 1 2 1 The QA procedures consist of two distinct and equally important functions One function is the assessment of the quality of the CEMS data by estimating accuracy The other function is the control and improvement of the quality of the CEMS data by implementing QC policies and corrective actions These two functions form an iterative control loop When the assessment function indicates that the data quality is inadequate the control effort must be increased until the data quality is acceptable In order to provide uniformity in the assessment and reportin
12. Verification Procedure IP CEMS only d Pressure Verification Procedure IP CEMS only e Level of Detection Determination f Response Time Test g Measurement Error Test h Calibration Drift Test and i Relative Accuracy Test 11 1 Interference Test 11 1 1 Prior to its initial use in the field you must demonstrate that your monitoring system meets the performance requirements of the interference test in section 13 5 to verify that the candidate system measures HCl accurately in the presence of common interferences in emission matrices 11 1 2 Your interference test must be conducted in a controlled environment The equipment you test for interference must include the combination of the analyzer related analysis software and any sample conditioning equipment e g dilution module moisture removal equipment or other interferent scrubber used to control interferents 11 1 3 If you own multiple measurement systems with components of the same make and model numbers you need only perform this interference test on one analyzer and associated interference conditioning equipment combination You may also rely on an interference test conducted by the manufacturer or a continuous measurement system integrator on a system having components of the same make and model s of the system that you use 11 1 4 Perform the interference check using an HCl reference gas concentration of approximately five times the LOD 11
13. associated with these procedures You as the facility or operator must establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicable regulatory limitations prior to performing these procedures As the CEMS user you should consult instrument operation manuals material safety data sheets compressed gas safety requirements and other Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations for specific precautions to be taken 6 0 Equipment and Supplies An example of equipment and supplies is described in section 6 of PS 18 7 0 Reagents and Standards SA materials must meet the requirements defined for reference gases in section 7 of PS 18 to perform this procedure with the following exception You may use gases certified by the gas vendor to 5 percent to perform the daily calibration drift assessment in section 4 1 of Procedure 6 in appendix F of this part Note For extractive CEMS the concentrations of reference gases required for SA are likely to be significantly higher than the concentration of reference gases associated with PS 18 requirements 8 0 Standard Addition and Dynamic Spiking Procedure The standard addition procedure consists of measuring the native source gas concentration addition of reference gas and measurement of the resulting SA elevated source gas concentration For extractive CEMS HCl is spiked dynamically and thus one must account for the dilution of sample gas from the addition
14. error ME test or completely replace the relative accuracy RA comparison with a RM The 7 day and daily zero CD checks using exclusively zero gas provide an absolute check of the instrument zero Should hysteresis be a concern humidified zero gas may be used After consideration we decided that DS was not a suitable replacement for the 7 day or daily zero CD check We added an additional procedure for use of a DS as an option for the 7 day and daily mid level CD checks to section 11 8 of PS 18 and section 4 1 of Procedure 6 in the final rule The acceptance criteria for use of aDS asa mid level CD check is the same as that for the classic CD check procedure 5 percent of span for a single spike an equation has been added to appendix A of PS 18 for calculating this value It is important to note that under the final rule the 7 day and daily upscale CD checks whether done using the classic procedure and pure calibration gases or done using a DS procedure are limited to the use of a mid level gas The reason for this limitation is to 1 ensure that the upscale calibration is closer to the measured values 2 mitigate hysteresis effects and 3 ensure that the CD values determined using either the classic procedure or a DS procedure are on a consistent basis We have retained the requirement for use of pure calibration gases as the only option for the ME test We retained this requirement because we want at least an in
15. for extractive CEMS percent MEr Measurement error for IP CEMS percent MNavg Average concentration at all sampling points ppmv MN Measured native concentration bracketing each calibration check measurement ppmv MN Measured native concentration for test or run i ppmv n Number of measurements in an average value PLcen Path length of IP CEMS calibration cell m PLstack Path length of IP CEMS stack optical path m RA Relative accuracy of CEMS compared to a RM percent RM RM concentration for test run i ppmv RMavg Mean measured RM value ppmv S Span of the instrument ppmv Sa Standard deviation of the differences ppmv Su Stratification at traverse point i percent SADL Standard addition detection level ppmv to 975 One sided t value at the 97 5th percentile obtained from Table 5 in section 17 0 for n 1 measurements Treference Temperature of the calibration cell for IP CEMS degrees Kelvin T stack Temperature of the stack at the monitoring location for IP CEM degrees Kelvin 12 2 Calculate the Difference Between the Measured HCI Concentration With and Without Interferents for Each Interference Gas Or Mixture for Your CEMS as Eq 1 38640 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations Calculate the total percent interference as AMC 1 yhL _ 100 Eq 2 i 12 3 Calculate th
16. government and the states or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government F Executive Order 13175 Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments This action does not have tribal implications as specified in Executive Order 13175 This action finalizes performance specifications that can be used as an additional option to PS 15 for HCl continuous emissions monitoring Thus Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action G Executive Order 13045 Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect children per the definition of covered regulatory action in section 2 202 of the Executive Order This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental health risk or safety risk H Executive Order 13211 Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply Distribution or Use This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 because it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866 I National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act NTTAA This rulemaking does not involve technical standards J Executive Order 12898 Federal Actions To Ad
17. in an applicable permit or regulation The affected industries and their North American Industry Classification System NAICS codes are listed in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this preamble DATES This final rule is effective on July 7 2015 ADDRESSES Docket The EPA has established a docket for this rulemaking under Docket ID No EPA HQ OAR 2013 0696 All documents in the docket are listed on the www regulations gov Web site Although listed in the index some information is not publicly available e g Confidential Business Information CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute Certain other material such as copyrighted material is not placed on the Internet and will be publicly available only in hard copy form Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically through www regulations gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center Room 3334 EPA WJC West Building 1301 Constitution Ave NW Washington DC 20004 The Public Reading Room is open from 8 30 a m to 4 30 p m Monday through Friday excluding legal holidays The telephone number for the Public Reading Room is 202 566 1744 and the telephone number for the EPA Docket Center is 202 566 1742 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT Ms Candace Sorrell Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Air Quality Assessment Division AQAD Measurement Technology Group U S Environmental Protection Agenc
18. measure HCl emissions 1 3 For extractive CEMS this procedure must be used as a level of detection LOD verification of all field installed CEMS Additionally it is allowed by Procedure 6 in appendix F to this part as an alternative to upscale calibration drift CD tests cylinder gas audits and relative accuracy audits RAAs and may be used for quality assurance purposes under other applicable regulations or permits that require HCl monitoring 1 4 For IP CEMS this procedure must be used as a LOD verification of all field installed CEMS 2 0 Summary of the Appendix for Standard Addition As used here SA is a gas phase method of standard additions either static or dynamic used to verify the accuracy of CEMS measurements in the presence of the sample matrix For extractive CEMS it consists of spiking a known quantity of HC dynamically into the measurement system as an addition to the native HCl and the native source gas matrix For IP CEMS this procedure consists of introducing a known quantity of HCl into the optical path that also includes the native source gas 3 0 Definitions See PS 18 and Procedure 6 of Appendix F to Part 60 for the Definitions Used in This Appendix 4 0 Interferences Interferences are discussed in PS 18 section 4 0 5 0 Safety The procedures required under this appendix may involve hazardous materials operations and equipment This procedure may not address all of the safety problems
19. order but do not introduce the same reference gas concentration twice in succession 11 7 3 4 You must calculate the effective concentration Ci e of the HCl reference gas equivalent to the stack concentration by correcting for calibration cell temperature pressure path length line strength factor LSF and if necessary the native stack gas HCl concentration using Equation 4 in section 12 0 11 7 3 5 You may use the LSF provided by your instrument manufacturer or determine an instrument specific LSF as a function of temperature using a heated gas cell and equivalent concentrations C esr between 50 and 150 percent of the emission limit 11 7 3 6 At each reference gas concentration average the three independent CEMS measurement responses corrected for native HCI stack concentration Calculate the ME using Equation 6A in section 12 4 3 11 7 4 You may use Figure 1 in section 17 0 to record and report your ME test results 11 7 5 Ifthe ME specification in section 13 3 is not met for all three reference gas concentrations take corrective action and repeat the test until an acceptable 3 level ME test is achieved 11 8 Seven Day Calibration Drift CD Test 11 8 1 The CD Test Period Prior to the start of the RA tests you must perform a seven day CD test The purpose of the seven day CD test is to verify the ability of the CEMS to maintain calibration for each of seven consecutive unit operating days as specified in sectio
20. read as follows Appendix B to Part 60 Performance Specifications Performance Specification 18 Performance Specifications and Test Procedures for Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride HCI Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources 1 0 Scope and Application 1 1 Analyte This performance specification PS is applicable for measuring gaseous concentrations of hydrogen chloride HCl CAS 7647 01 0 on a continuous basis in the units of the applicable standard or in units that can be converted to units of the applicable standard s 1 2 Applicability 1 2 1 This specification is used to evaluate the acceptability of HCl continuous emission monitoring systems CEMS at the time of installation or soon after and whenever specified in the regulations The specification includes requirements for initial acceptance including instrument accuracy and stability assessments and use of audit samples if they are available 1 2 2 The Administrator may require the operator under section 114 of the Clean Air Act to conduct CEMS performance evaluations at other times besides the initial test to evaluate the CEMS performance See 40 CFR part 60 60 13 c and 63 8 e 1 1 2 3 A source that demonstrates their CEMS meets the criteria of this PS may use the system to continuously monitor gaseous HCl under any regulation or permit that requires compliance with this PS If your CEMS is capable of reporting the HCl c
21. results of a RM test and if such an event occurs during a RATA the sample may not meet the relative difference RD performance criteria and would count as one of a maximum of three exclusions rejections allowed in the proposed PS 18 This commenter contended that if dual trains are employed there is twice the probability of a random event occurring that could result in a rejection One commenter stated that requiring dual trains could result in the discarding of otherwise valid RM runs Commenters asserted that if the RM data is of poor quality or there is a large enough error in the reference point either that data point will have to be discarded if allowed or the instrument will not pass the RATA One commenter opined that facilities should have the choice to use single trains and risk failing the RATA due to suspect RM data We acknowledge that requiring duplicate Method 26A trains during RATA tests adds some complexity and cost to initial and ongoing quality demonstration of CEMS performance Our primary concern is the confidence in RM data at low concentrations We also acknowledge that the PS 18 proposal only requires duplicate sampling for Method 26A and does not address duplicate Method 320 Method 321 as a requirement during RATA testing Furthermore from the data provided by stakeholders and by the EPA s Office of Research and Development evaluating the use of paired Method 26A trains we are convinced tha
22. testing in addition to a RATA because a unit is operating well below the applicable standard or the RM quantification limit and that having such a requirement does not appreciably provide any more assurances that the HCl CEMS is operating properly than demonstrated by meeting the RA requirements One commenter asserted that kilns with very low or no HCl emissions should not be required to conduct extra tests and that DS procedures equivalent to those used in PS 15 DS should be allowed as an alternative to the RA test and not in addition to the RA test to validate installed CEMS Upon review of these comments we have decided that requiring a DS merely because emissions are low may present a disincentive to maintaining low emissions without appreciably assuring better operation of HCl CEMS Therefore we have revised PS 18 to remove this requirement for low HCl emission sources B Duplicate Trains When Performing RATA The proposed PS 18 required 1 paired or duplicate trains when performing RATAs using Method 26A as the RM and 2 invalidation of data pairs not meeting specified relative difference criteria sections 11 9 4 4 and 11 9 4 6 Several commenters requested that the requirement for paired trains be removed when Method 26A is used as the RM when conducting a RATA Commenters argued that dual trains will add unnecessary time more expense and will complicate the testing process These commenters generally
23. 563 Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review This action is not a significant regulatory action and was therefore not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget OMB for review B Paperwork Reduction Act PRA This action does not impose an information collection burden under the PRA This action provides performance criteria and QA test procedures for assessing the acceptability of HCl CEMS performance and data quality These criteria and QA test procedures do not add information collection requirements beyond those currently required under the applicable regulation C Regulatory Flexibility Act RFA I certify that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA This action will not impose any requirements on small entities This action provides facilities with an alternative to PS 15 and FTIRs for measuring HCl which is currently required in several rules D Unfunded Mandates Reform Act UMRA This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in UMRA 2 U S C 1531 1538 and does not significantly or uniquely affect small governments The action imposes no enforceable duty on any state local or tribal governments or the private sector E Executive Order 13132 Federalism This action does not have federalism implications It will not have substantial direct effects on the states on the relationship between the national
24. AR MCs MCaative 13 Tables and Figures Eq AS Eq A7 Eq A8 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38649 Table Al Spike Data Sheet Facility name Unit s tested Analyzer make and model Serial number Calibration range Oprobe Qspike DF pm Ipm E po des Test personnel Actual Values DSE ppmv MC spiked ppmv are Pre Post Avg Copike ppmv EO O fo Cw ae DF must be less than or equal to 10 percent for extractive CEMS Cspike Actual HCI concentration of the spike gas ppmv 3 MCspikea Measured HCI concentration of the spiked sample at the target level ppmv m 3 Appendix F to part 60 is amended by adding Procedure 6 to read as follows Appendix F to Part 60 Quality Assurance Procedures Procedure 6 Quality Assurance Requirements for Gaseous Hydrogen Chloride HCl Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems Used for Compliance Determination at Stationary Sources 1 0 Applicability and Principle 1 1 Applicability Procedure 6 is used to evaluate the effectiveness of quality control QC and quality assurance QA procedures and evaluate the quality of data produced by any hydrogen chloride HCl gas CAS 7647 01 0 continuous emission monitoring system CEMS that is used for determining compliance with emission standards for HCl on a continuous basis as specified in an applicable permit or regulation 1 1 1
25. Analysis Calculate the SA response for each measurement and its associated native HC measurement s using equations in this section Note For cases where the emission standard is expressed in units of lb MMBtu or corrected to a specified O or CO2 concentration an absolute accuracy Qspike Qprobe not present in the native source emissions calculate the DF for DS using equation A2 M spiked tracer Ctracer spiked emissions calculate the dilution factor for dynamic spiking using equation A3 DF Mspiked tracer Mnative tracer 11 2 4 Calculate the SA response using Equation A4 Cnative tracer Mnative tracer SAR MC spiked 1 7 DF MCaative specification based on a span at stack conditions may be calculated using the average concentration and applicable conversion factors The appropriate procedures for use in cases where a percent removal standard is more restrictive than the emission standard are the same as in 40 CFR part 60 PS 2 sections 12 and 13 11 1 Nomenclature Cspike Actual HCl reference gas concentration spiked e g bottle or reference gas concentration ppmv Crracer spikea Tracer gas concentration injected with spike gas reference concentration ppmv DF Spiked gas dilution factor DSCD Calibration drift determined using DS procedure percent DSE Dynamic spike error ppmv ESA Effective spike addition ppmv MCsa Measured SA elevated source gas conc
26. MS a quarterly DSA may be conducted as an option to conducting a RATA in three of four calendar quarters but in no more than three quarters in succession 5 2 4 1 To conduct a DSA you must challenge the entire HCl CEMS with a zero gas in accordance with the procedure in section 11 8 of PS 18 in appendix B of this part You must also conduct the DS procedure as described in appendix A to PS 18 of appendix B to this part You must conduct three spike injections with each of two upscale level audit gases The upscale level gases must meet the requirements of section 7 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part and must be chosen to yield concentrations at the analyzer of 50 to 60 percent of span and 80 to 100 percent of span Do not inject the same gas concentration twice in succession 5 2 4 2 Calculate results as described in section 6 4 You must calculate the dynamic spiking error DSE for each of the two upscale audit gases using the combination of Equation A5 and A6 in appendix A to PS 18 in appendix B to this part to determine CEMS accuracy 5 2 5 Other Alternative Quarterly Audits Other alternative audit procedures as approved by the Administrator may be used for three of four calendar quarters 5 3 Out of Control Criteria for Excessive Audit Inaccuracy If the results of the RATA RAA CGA or DSA do not meet the applicable performance criteria in section 5 3 4 the CEMS is out of control If the CEMS is out of control
27. able to when the ME test is conducted perform and meet requirements for a calibration drift CD test using a zero gas as used in the Seven Day Drift Test see section 11 8 and document and report the results To meet this requirement the ME test may be conducted during the Seven Day CD Test 11 7 2 Extractive CEMS ME Test 11 7 2 1 Introduce reference gases to the CEMS probe prior to the sample conditioning and filtration system 11 7 2 2 Measure three upscale HCl reference gas concentrations in the range shown in Table 4 of this PS 11 7 2 3 Introduce the gases into the sampling probe with sufficient flow rate to replace the entire source gas sample 11 7 2 4 Continue to add the reference gas until the response is stable as evidenced when the difference between two consecutive measurements is less than the LOD or within five percent of each other 11 7 2 5 Make triplicate measurements for each reference gas for a total of nine measurements Introduce different reference gas concentrations in any order but do not introduce the same gas concentration twice in succession 11 7 2 6 At each reference gas concentration determine the average of the three CEMS responses MC Calculate the ME using Equation 3A in section 12 3 11 7 2 7 If you desire to determine the system RT during this test you must inject zero gas immediately before and after each injection of the high level gas standard 11 7 2 8 For non dilution systems you
28. ance of the performance requirements established under this procedure The end of the out of control period is the completion of daily assessment of the same type following corrective actions which shows that the applicable performance requirements have been met 4 4 CEMS Data Status During Out of Control Period During the period the CEMS is out of control the CEMS data may not be used in calculating compliance with an emissions limit nor be counted towards meeting minimum data availability as required and described in the applicable regulation or permit 5 0 Data Accuracy Assessment You must audit your CEMS for the accuracy of HCl measurement on a regular x Measured stack gas result requirements of section 7 0 of PS 18 and target a concentration level between 75 and 125 percent of the highest hourly concentration measured during the period of measurements above span 4 1 5 1 2 Introduce the reference gas at the probe for extractive CEMS or for IP CEMS as an equivalent path length corrected concentration in the instrument calibration cell 4 1 5 1 3 At no time may the above span concentration exceed the analyzer full scale range 4 1 5 2 Record and report the results of this procedure as you would for a daily calibration The above span response check is successful if the value measured by the CEMS is within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas 4 1 5 3 Ifthe above span response chec
29. and field certification testing You must use the SA procedure in appendix A of this PS with the following exceptions 11 5 6 1 For the LOD verification in the field you must make three independent SA measurements spiking the native source concentration by no more than three times the controlled environment LOD concentration determined in section 11 5 5 11 5 6 2 For extractive CEMS you must perform the SA as a dynamic spike by passing the spiked source gas sample through all filters scrubbers conditioners and other monitoring system components used during normal sampling and as much of the sampling probe as practical For IP CEMS you must perform the SA procedure by adding or passing a known concentration reference gas into a calibration cell in the optical path of the CEMS you must also include the source measurement optical path while performing the SA measurement 11 5 6 3 The amount detected or standard addition response SAR is based on the average difference of the native HCl concentration in the stack or duct relative to the native stack concentration plus the SA You must be able to detect the effective spike addition ESA above the native HCl present in the stack gas matrix For extractive CEMS the ESA is calculated using Equation A7 in appendix A of this PS For IP CEMS the ESA is calculated as C es using Equation 4 of this PS 11 5 6 4 For extractive CEMS calculate the SAR using Equation A4 in appendix A of
30. as is also present in the native source emissions 8 2 4 4 For extractive CEMS you must correct the background measurements of HCl for the dilution caused by the addition of the spike gas standard For spiking systems that alternate between addition of HCl and zero gas at a constant DF the background measurements between spikes will not be equal to the native source concentration 8 2 5 Begin by collecting unspiked sample measurements of HCl You must use the average of two unspiked sample measurements as your pre spike background Note Measurements should agree within 5 0 percent or three times the level of detection to avoid biasing the spike results 8 2 5 1 Introduce the HCl gas spike into the permanent CEMS probe upstream of the particulate filter or sample conditioning system and as close to the sampling inlet as practical 8 2 5 2 Maintain the HCl gas spike for at least twice the DS response time of your CEMS or until the consecutive measurements agree within 5 0 percent Collect two Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38647 independent measurements of the native plus spiked HCl concentration 8 2 5 3 Stop the flow of spike gas for at least twice the DS response time of your CEMS or until the consecutive measurements agree within 5 0 percent Collect two independent measurements of the native HCl concentration 8 2 6 Repeat the collection of sample measurements in sec
31. d for stratification testing and added clarifying language concerning the stratification testing procedures We removed calibration range above span requirements in both PS 18 and Procedure 6 because we decided after considering concerns raised by commenters that above span compliance requirements are best handled on a rule specific basis within individual subparts regulating differing industries categories The procedures for assuring the quality of the data when an applicable regulation requires measurements above span were not removed Lastly we added flexibility to both PS 18 and Procedure 6 in the relative accuracy criteria IV Summary of Major Comments and Responses A comprehensive summary of the comments received on the proposed PS 18 and procedures Procedure 6 and our responses to those comments can be found in the Summary of Public Comments and Responses document which is available in the docket for this action see Docket No EPA HQ OAR 2013 0696 Some of the major comments received on the PS and QA procedures and our responses to those comments are summarized by subject in the following paragraphs A Dynamic Spiking Under the proposed PS 18 we required DS into the CEMS using a National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST traceable standard to demonstrate initial performance at sources with emission levels near the detection limit of the CEMS 1 Expanded Use of Dynamic Spiking as an O
32. d moisture measurements that are taken within an hour of the pollutant measurements may be used to calculate dry pollutant concentration and emission rates 11 9 3 Reference Method Measurement Location and Traverse Point s Selection 11 9 3 1 Measurement Location Select as appropriate an accessible RM measurement location at least two equivalent diameters downstream from the nearest control device point of pollutant generation or other point at which a change in the pollutant concentration or emission rate may occur and at least one half equivalent diameter upstream from the effluent exhaust or a control device When pollutant concentration changes are due solely to diluent leakage e g air heater leakages and pollutants and diluents are simultaneously measured at the same location a half diameter may be used in lieu of two equivalent diameters The equivalent duct diameter is calculated according to Method 1 in appendix A 1 to this part The CEMS and RM sampling locations need not be the same 11 9 3 2 Traverse Point Selection Select traverse points that assure acquisition of representative RM samples over the stack or duct cross section according to one of the following options a sample at twelve traverse points located according to section 11 3 of Method 1 in appendix A 1 to this part b sample at 6 Method 1 traverse points according to section 6 5 6 b 1 of appendix A to part 75 of this chapter or c sample at thre
33. d over any part of the centroidal area 8 2 2 1 You must measure the IP CEMS path length from the inner flange of the sampling ports or the inner end of the instrument insertion into the stack cavity using a laser tape measure mechanical measurement tape or similar device accurate to 1 5 mm 0 059 in 8 2 2 2 You must ensure that any purge flow used to protect IP CEMS instrument windows from stack gas does not alter the measurement path length Purge flow of less 38636 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations than or equal to 10 percent of the gas velocity in the duct meets this requirement 8 2 3 CEMS and Data Recorder Scale Check After CEMS installation record and document the measurement range of the HCl CEMS The CEMS operating range and the range of the data recording device must encompass all potential and expected HCl concentrations including the concentration equivalent to the applicable emission limit and the span value 9 0 Quality Control Reserved 10 0 Calibration and Standardization Reserved 11 0 Performance Specification Test Procedure After completing the CEMS installation setup and calibration you must complete the PS test procedures in this section You must perform the following procedures and meet the performance requirements for the initial demonstration of your CEMS a Interference Test b Beam Intensity Test IP CEMS only c Temperature
34. dress Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income Populations The EPA believes that this action will not have disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority or low income populations because it does not affect the level of protection provided to human health or the environment This action will help to ensure that emission control devices are operated properly and maintained as needed thereby helping to ensure compliance with emission standards which would benefit all affected populations K Congressional Review Act CRA This action is subject to the CRA and the EPA will submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States This action is not a major rule as defined by 5 U S C 804 2 List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 60 Environmental protection Administrative practice and procedure Air pollution control Continuous emission monitoring systems Hydrogen chloride Performance specifications Test methods and procedures Dated June 25 2015 Gina McCarthy Administrator Part 60 chapter I title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows PART 60 STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES m 1 The authority citation for part 60 continues to read as follows Authority 42 U S C 7401 7601 m 2 Appendix B to part 60 is amended by adding Performance Specification 18 to
35. e ME or CD at Concentration i for an Extractive CEMS as _ Ici MCl ME extractive s x 100 Eq 3A Ci MCil CDextractive s 100 Eq 3B 12 4 Calculate the ME or CD at Concentration i for IP CEMS That Use a Calibration Cell as Follows 12 4 1 Calculate the equivalent concentration Ci es using Equation 4 PLeell T k Cieff c T ERSE Eq 4 Stack reference 12 4 2 Calculate the average native concentration before and after each calibration check measurement as MN A MN VN a Eq 5 12 4 3 Calculate the ME or CD at concentration i for an IP CEM as Xi MCi MNpi Ci ME p Tiler Nod Crer 100 Eq 6A MC MNpi Ci CD eim err x 100 Eq 6B 12 4 4 Calculate the zero CD as a percent of span for an IP CEMS as IMC MCi al CD MEMCial 100 Eq 7 0 S 12 5 Calculate the Percent Stratification at Each Traverse Point as Sy HM 4 100 Eq 8 MNavg 12 6 Calculate the RA Using RM and CEMS Data 12 6 1 Determine the CEMS final integrated minute average pollutant concentration or emission rate for each RM test period Consider system RT if important and confirm that the results have been corrected to the same moisture temperature and diluent concentration basis 12 6 2 When Method 26A or if approved for use Method 26 found in 40 CFR part 60 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38641 appendix A 8 of this part is used as the RM compare each CEMS integrated average va
36. e points on a measurement line 3 point long line that passes through the centroidal area of the duct in the direction of any potential stratification If this line interferes with the CEMS measurements you may displace the line up to 20 cm 12 in or 5 0 percent of the equivalent diameter of the cross section whichever is less from the centroidal area Locate the three traverse points at 16 7 50 0 and 83 3 percent of the measurement line Alternatively you may conduct a stratification test following the procedures in sections 11 9 3 2 1 through 11 9 3 2 4 to justify sampling at a single point or three points located on the measurement line at 0 4 1 2 and 2 0 m from the stack wall 3 point short line Stratification testing must be conducted at the sampling location Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38639 to be used for the RM measurements during the RA test and must be made during normal facility operating conditions You must evaluate the stratification by measuring the gas on the same moisture basis as the HCl CEMS wet or dry Stratification testing must be repeated for each RA test program to justify single point or 3 point short line sampling 11 9 3 2 1 Use a probe of appropriate length to measure the HCl concentration or an alternative analyte as described in this section using 12 traverse points located according to section 11 3 of Method 1 in
37. easurement Interferences must be evaluated through the interference test in this PS Several compounds including carbon dioxide CO2 carbon monoxide CO formaldehyde CH20 methane CH4 and water H20 are potential optical interferences with certain types of HCl monitoring technology Ammonia is a potential chemical interference with HCL 5 0 Safety The procedures required under this PS may involve hazardous materials operations and equipment This PS may not address all of the safety issues associated with these procedures It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicable regulatory limitations prior to performing these procedures The CEMS user s manual and materials recommended by the RM should be consulted for specific precautions to be taken 6 0 Equipment and Supplies Equipment and supplies for CEMS will vary depending on the measurement technology and equipment vendors This section provides a description of the equipment and supplies typically found in one or more types of CEMS 6 1 Sample Extraction System The portion of an extractive CEMS that collects and transports the sample to the pressure regulation and sample conditioning module The extraction system must deliver a representative sample to the measurement instrument The sample extraction system typically consists of a sample probe and a heated umbilical line 6 2 Sample Conditio
38. eference see 60 17 as a reference device 11 4 2 Asan alternative for a calibrated pressure reference device with NIST traceable accuracy you may use a water in glass U tube manometer to verify your IP Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38637 CEMS pressure measurement equipment provided there is also an accurate measurement of absolute atmospheric pressure at the manometer location 11 4 3 Allow sufficient time for the response of the reference pressure measurement device to reach equilibrium With the process and control device operating under normal conditions concurrently record the pressures measured by your IP CEMS system Mp and the pressure reference device V You must meet the accuracy requirements specified in section 13 8 of this PS 11 4 4 If your IP CEMS pressure sensor does not satisfy the accuracy requirement of this PS check all system components and take any corrective action that is necessary to achieve the required minimum accuracy Repeat this verification procedure until the accuracy requirement of this specification is satisfied 11 5 Level of Detection Determination 11 5 1 You must determine the minimum amount of HCl that can be detected above the background in a representative gas matrix 11 5 2 You must perform the LOD determination in a controlled environment such as a laboratory or manufacturer s facility 11 5 3 You must add in
39. encies in hardcopy and or electronic format as required by the applicable regulation or permit 12 0 Calculations and Data Analysis 12 1 Nomenclature Ci Zero HCl reference gas concentration used for test i ppmv Ciesr Equivalent concentration of the reference gas value C at the specified conditions ppmv CC Confidence coefficient ppmv CDextractive Calibration drift for extractive CEMS percent YiiIMCi MCinel vg 3 CDrp Calibration drift for IP CEMS percent CDo Calibration drift at zero HCl concentrations for an IP CEMS percent dave Mean difference between CEMS response and the reference gas ppmv d Difference of CEMS response and the RM value ppmv I Total interference from major matrix stack gases percent LSF Line strength factor for IP CEMS instrument specific correction for temperature and gas matrix effects derived from the HITRAN and or manufacturer specific database unitless AMCavg Average of the 3 absolute values of the difference between the measured HCl reference gas concentrations with and without interference from selected stack gases ppmv MC Measured zero or HCl reference gas concentration i ppmv MC Average of the measured zero or HCl reference gas concentration i ppmv MCint Measured HCl concentration of the HCl reference gas plus the individual or combined interference gases ppmv ME extractive Measurement error
40. ent SUMMARY This document corrects a technical error that appeared in the final rule published in the February 27 2015 Federal Register 80 FR 10749 entitled Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2016 DATES Effective Date This correction document is effective July 7 2015 Application Date The correction is applicable as of April 28 2015 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT Jeff Wu 301 492 4305 Krutika Amin 301 492 5153 Lindsey Murtagh 301 492 4106 Rachel Arguello 301 492 4263 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION I Background In FR Doc 2015 03751 80 FR 10749 through 10877 the final rule entitled
41. ential interference from the flue gas sample matrix 3 7 Independent Measurement s means the series of CEMS data values taken during sample gas analysis separated by two times the procedure specific response time RT of the CEMS 3 8 Integrated Path CEMS IP CEMS means an in situ CEMS that measures the gas concentration along an optical path in the stack or duct cross section 3 9 Interference means a compound or material in the sample matrix other than HCl whose characteristics may bias the CEMS measurement positively or negatively The interference may not prevent the sample measurement but could increase the analytical uncertainty in the measured HCl concentration through reaction with HCl or by changing the electronic signal generated during HCl measurement 3 10 Interference Test means the test to detect CEMS responses to interferences that are not adequately accounted for in the calibration procedure and may cause measurement bias 3 11 Level of Detection LOD means the lowest level of pollutant that the CEMS can detect in the presence of the source gas matrix interferents with 99 percent confidence 3 12 Liquid Evaporative Standard means a reference gas produced by vaporizing National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST traceable liquid standards of known HCl concentration and quantitatively diluting the resultant vapor with a carrier gas 3 13 Measurement Error ME is the mean difference between the conc
42. entration measured by the CEMS and the known concentration of a reference gas standard divided by the span when the entire CEMS including the sampling interface is challenged 3 14 Optical Path means the route light travels from the light source to the receiver used to make sample measurements 3 15 Path Length means for an extractive optical CEMS the distance in meters of the optical path within a gas measurement cell For an IP CEMS path length means the distance in meters of the optical path that passes through the source gas in the stack or duct 3 16 Point CEMS means a CEMS that measures the source gas concentration either at a single point at the sampling probe tip or over a path length for IP CEMS less than 10 percent of the equivalent diameter of the stack or duct cross section 3 17 Stack Pressure Measurement Device means a NIST traceable gauge or monitor that measures absolute pressure and conforms to the design requirements of ASME B40 100 2010 Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments incorporated by reference see 60 17 3 18 Reference Gas Standard means a NIST traceable gas standard containing a known concentration of HCl certified in accordance with an EPA traceability protocol in section 7 1 of this PS 3 19 Relative Accuracy RA means the absolute mean difference between the gas concentration or the emission rate determined by the CEMS and the value determined by the RM plus the confidence coef
43. entration ppmv MCspikea Measured HCl reference gas concentration i ppmv MCnative Average measured concentration of the native HCl ppmv Mhnative tracer Measured tracer gas concentration present in native effluent gas ppmv Mspiked tracer Measured diluted tracer gas concentration in a spiked sample ppmv Qspike Flow rate of the dynamic spike gas Lpm Qprobe Average total stack sample flow through the system Lpm S Span ppmv SAR Standard addition response ppmv 11 2 Calculating Dynamic Spike Response and Error for Extractive CEMS 11 2 1 Ifyou determine your spike DF using spike gas and stack sample flow measurements calculate the DF using equation A1 Eq Al Eq A2 Eq A3 Eq A4 38648 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 11 2 5 Calculate the DS error using Equation A5 DSE MC spiked lt MCrative DF Cspike MCrative 11 2 6 Calculating CD using DS When level CD calculate the CD as a percent of using the DS option for determining mid span using equation A6 DSCD 2 Eq A6 11 2 7 The effective spike addition ESA concentration as a result of injecting a spike is the expected increase in the measured Calculate ESA using Equation A7 ESA DF Cspike MCaative 11 3 Standard Addition Response for IP calibration cell calculate the SA response CEMS If you use an IP CEMS and a using Equation A8 S
44. ested at a lower level if the manufacturer has pro vided reliable means for limiting or scrubbing that gas to a specified level in CEMS field in stallations 2Gases for short path IP cell interference tests cannot be added above 100 percent stack equivalent concentration Add these gases at the indicated percentages to make up the remaining cell volume BILLING CODE P Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38643 Table 2 Example Interference Test Data Sheet Date of Test Analyzer Type Model No Serial No Span Test Organization Test Personnel Interference HCl HCl Absolute Average Gas or Gas Concentration Concentration Difference Absolute Combination ppmv ppmv Difference Sum of Interference Responses Percent of Baseline Concentration Percent of Span BILLING CODE C 38644 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations TABLE 3 DESIGN STANDARDS FOR TEMPERATURE SENSORS If the sensorisa You can use the following design standards as guidance in selecting a sensor for your IP CEMS 1 Thermocouple 2 Resistance temperature detector a ASTM E235 88 1996 Specification for Thermocouples Sheathed Type K for Nuclear or Other High Reli ability Applications b ASTM E585 E585M 04 Specification for Compacted Mineral Insulated Metal Sheathed Base Metal Thermo couple Cable c
45. f the calibration span or 3 0 percent of the equivalent HCl concentration used for the interference test whichever is less restrictive The results are also acceptable if the sum of the interference response s does not exceed six times the LOD or 0 5 ppmv for a calibration span of 5 to 10 ppm or 0 2 ppmv for a calibration span of less than 5 ppmv 13 6 IP CEMS Beam Intensity Test For IP CEMS the percent difference between the measured concentration with and without attenuation of the light source must not exceed 3 0 percent 13 7 IP CEMS Temperature Measurement Verification Your temperature sensor satisfies the accuracy required if the absolute relative difference between measured value of stack temperature M and the temperature 38642 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations value from the calibrated temperature reference device V is lt 1 0 percent or if the absolute difference between M and V is lt 2 8 C 5 0 F whichever is less restrictive 13 8 IP CEMS Pressure Sensor Measurement Verification Your pressure sensor satisfies the accuracy required if the absolute relative difference between the measured value of stack pressure Mp and the pressure value from the calibrated pressure reference device Vp is lt 5 0 percent or if the absolute difference between M and Vp is lt 0 12 kilopascals 0 5 inches of water column whichever is less restrictive 14 0 Po
46. fer PS 18 and Procedure 6 as an alternative to Performance Specification 15 PS 15 for continuous monitoring of HCl On February 17 2015 80 FR 8442 we proposed amendments to appendix B of subpart UUUUU that clarify that PS 18 and Procedure 6 will be allowed and how they are to be implemented under subpart UUUUU Note prior to the time that these amendments are finalized the alternative test method approval process of 40 CFR 63 7 f is available as a way for affected facilities to request approval to use PS 18 Procedure 6 in lieu of PS 15 With regard to 40 CFR part 63 subpart LLL which affects Portland cement manufacturing facilities and includes HCl monitoring requirements no amendments will be needed as Subpart LLL already allows for use of any promulgated performance specification for HC CEMS in 40 CFR part 60 appendix B Table 2 lists the corresponding NAICS codes for the source categories listed in Table 1 of this preamble TABLE 2 NAICS FOR POTENTIALLY REGULATED ENTITIES Industry ne Fossil Fuel Fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units 4221112 6221122 921150 Portland Cement Manufacturing Plants sas tese usas 327310 a Industry in Indian Country b Federal state local tribal government owned c Industry in Indian Country Tables 1 and 2 are not intended to be exhaustive but rather they provide a guide for readers regarding entities potentially affected by this act
47. ference standard is included in appendix A to this performance specification for use in verifying LOD For extractive CEMS where the SA is done by dynamic spiking DS the appendix A procedure is allowed as an option for assessing calibration drift and is also referenced by Procedure 6 of appendix F to this part for ongoing quality control tests 3 0 Definitions 3 1 Calibration Cell means a gas containment cell used with cross stack or integrated path IP CEMS for calibration and to perform many of the test procedures required by this performance specification The cell may be a removable sealed cell or an evacuated and or purged cell capable of exchanging reference and other calibration gases as well as zero gas standards When charged it contains a known concentration of HCl and or interference gases The calibration cell is filled with zero gas or removed from the optical path during stack gas measurement 3 2 Calibration Drift CD means the absolute value of the difference between the CEMS output response and an upscale reference gas or a zero level gas expressed as a percentage of the span value when the CEMS is challenged after a stated period of operation during which no unscheduled adjustments maintenance or repairs took place 3 3 Centroidal Area means a central area that is geometrically similar to the stack or duct cross section and is no greater than 10 percent of the stack or duct cross sectional area 3 4 Cont
48. ficient of a series of nine test runs divided by the average of the RM or the applicable emission standard 3 20 Response Time RT means the time it takes for the measurement system while operating normally at its target sample flow rate dilution ratio or data collection rate to Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38635 respond to a known step change in gas concentration either from a low or zero level to a high level gas concentration or from a high level to a low or zero level gas concentration and to read 95 percent of the change to the stable instrument response There may be several response times RTs for an instrument related to different functions or procedures e g DS LOD and 3 21 Span Value means an HCl concentration approximately equal to two times the concentration equivalent to the emission standard unless otherwise specified in the applicable regulation permit or other requirement Unless otherwise specified the span may be rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5 3 22 Standard Addition means the addition of known amounts of HCl gas either statically or dynamically to the actual measurement path or measured sample gas stream 3 23 Zero gas means a gas or liquid with an HCl concentration that is below the LOD of the measurement system 4 0 Interferences Sample gas interferences will vary depending on the instrument or technology used to make the m
49. g of data quality this procedure specifies the assessment procedures to evaluate response drift and accuracy The procedures specified are based on Performance Specification 18 PS 18 in appendix B to this part Note Because the control and corrective action function encompasses a variety of policies specifications standards and corrective measures this procedure treats QC requirements in general terms to allow you as source owner or operator to develop the most effective and efficient QC system for your circumstances 2 0 Definitions See PS 18 of this subpart for the primary definitions used in this Procedure 3 0 QC Requirements 3 1 You as a source owner or operator must develop and implement a QC program At a minimum each QC program must include written procedures and or manufacturer s information which should describe in detail complete step by step procedures and operations for each of the following activities a Calibration Drift CD checks of CEMS b CD determination and adjustment of CEMS c Integrated Path IP CEMS temperature and pressure sensor accuracy checks d IP CEMS beam intensity checks 38650 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations e Routine and preventative maintenance of CEMS including spare parts inventory f Data recording calculations and reporting g Accuracy audit procedures for CEMS including reference meth
50. he final stable response may continue to vary by more than 1 percent but may be considered stable if the variability is random and not continuously rising or falling 11 6 2 When the CEMS output has stabilized record the response in ppmv and introduce an upscale high level or spike reference gas as required by the relevant procedure 11 6 3 Record the time upscale RT required to reach 95 percent of the change to the final stable value 11 6 4 Next for ME or LOD RT reintroduce the zero gas and record the time required to reach 95 percent of the change to the stable instrument response at the zero gas reading For SA RT introduce zero gas to the IP CEMS cell or stop the spike gas flow to the extractive CEMS as required by the specified procedure and record the time required to reach 95 percent of the change to the stable instrument response of the native gas reading This time is the downscale RT Note For CEMS that perform a series of operations purge blow back sample integration analyze etc you must start adding reference or zero gas immediately after these procedures are complete 11 6 5 Repeat the entire procedure until you have three sets of data then determine the mean upscale and mean downscale RTs for each relevant procedure Report the greater of the average upscale or average downscale RTs as the RT for the system 11 7 Measurement Error ME Test 11 7 1 On the same day and as close in time as practic
51. ied in an applicable regulation use Method 26A in 40 CFR part 60 appendix A 8 Method 320 or Method 321 both found in 40 CFR part 63 appendix A or ASTM D6348 12 including all annexes as applicable as the RMs for HCl measurement Obtain and analyze RM audit samples if they are available concurrently with RM test samples according to the same procedure specified for performance tests in the general provisions of the applicable part If Method 26 is not specified in an applicable subpart of the regulations you may request approval to use Method 26 in appendix A 8 to this part as the RM on a site specific basis under 63 7 f or 60 8 b Other RMs for moisture O etc may be necessary Conduct the RM tests in such a way that they will yield results representative of the emissions from the source and can be compared to the CEMS data 11 9 1 1 When Method 26A is used as the RM you must sample sufficient gas to reach three times your method detection limit for Method 26A in 40 CFR part 60 appendix A 8 or for a minimum of one hour whichever is greater 11 9 1 2 When Method 320 or Method 321 both found in 40 CFR part 63 appendix A or ASTM D6348 12 are used as the RM you must collect gas samples that are at stack conditions hot and wet and you must traverse as required in section 11 9 3 11 9 2 Conduct the diluent if applicable moisture if needed and pollutant measurements simultaneously However diluent an
52. ing conditions At least nine Method 4 runs are required for determining each site specific default moisture percentage Calculate each site specific default moisture value by taking the arithmetic average of the Method 4 runs Each site specific moisture default value shall be updated whenever the current value is non representative due to changes in unit or process operation but in any event no less frequently than annually 7 0 Reagents and Standards 7 1 Reference Gases Reference gases e g cylinder gases or liquid evaporative standards used to meet the requirements of this PS must be NIST certified or NIST traceable and vendor certified to 5 0 percent accuracy HCl cylinder gases must be certified according to Reference 5 in section 16 of this PS through a documented unbroken chain of comparisons each contributing to the reported uncertainty Liquid evaporative standards must be certified using the gravimetrically based procedures of the latest version of the EPA Traceability Protocol for Qualification and Certification of Evaporative HCl Gas Standards and Humidification of HCl Gas Standards from Cylinders see EPA HQ OAR 2013 0696 0026 pdf 7 2 Cylinder gas and or liquid evaporative standards must be used within their certification periods 7 3 High concentration cylinder gas or liquid evaporative HCl standards may be diluted for use in this specification You must document the quantitative introduction of HCl standard
53. intensity qualification 1 2 6 This specification is not designed to evaluate the ongoing CEMS performance nor does it identify specific calibration techniques and auxiliary procedures to assess CEMS performance over an extended period of time The requirements in appendix F Procedure 6 are designed to provide a way to assess CEMS performance over an extended period of time The source owner or operator is responsible to calibrate maintain and operate the CEMS properly 2 0 Summary of Performance Specification 2 1 This specification covers the procedures that each CEMS must meet during the performance evaluation test Installation and measurement location specifications data reduction procedures and performance criteria are included 2 2 The technology used to measure gaseous HCl must provide a distinct response and address any appropriate interference correction s It must accurately measure gaseous HCl in a representative sample path or point sampling of stack effluent 2 3 The relative accuracy RA must be established against a reference method RM i e Method 26A Method 320 ASTM International ASTM D6348 12 including mandatory annexes or Method 321 as appropriate for the source concentration and category Method 26 may be approved as a RM by the Administrator on a case by case basis if not otherwise allowed or denied in an applicable subpart of the regulations 2 4 A standard addition SA procedure using a re
54. inuous Emission Monitoring System CEMS means the total equipment required to measure the pollutant concentration or emission rate continuously The system generally consists of the following three major subsystems 3 4 1 Sample Interface means that portion of the CEMS used for one or more of the following sample acquisition sample transport sample conditioning defining the optical measurement path and protection of the monitor from the effects of the stack effluent 3 4 2 HCl Analyzer means that portion of the HCl CEMS that measures the total vapor phase HCl concentration and generates a proportional output 3 4 3 Data Recorder means that portion of the CEMS that provides a permanent electronic record of the analyzer output The data recorder may record other pertinent data such as effluent flow rates various instrument temperatures or abnormal CEMS operation The data recorder may also include automatic data reduction capabilities and CEMS control capabilities 3 5 Diluent Gas means a major gaseous constituent in a gaseous pollutant mixture For combustion sources either carbon dioxide CO2 or oxygen O2 ora combination of these two gases are the major gaseous diluents of interest 3 6 Dynamic Spiking DS means the procedure where a known concentration of HCl gas is injected into the probe sample gas stream for extractive CEMS at a known flow rate to assess the performance of the measurement system in the presence of pot
55. ion If you have any questions regarding the potential applicability of PS 18 and test procedures Procedure 6 to a particular entity consult the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section B Where can I get a copy of this document and other related information In addition to being available in the docket an electronic copy of this action is available on the Internet through the EPA s Technology Transfer Network TTN Web site a forum for information and technology exchange in various areas of air quality management measurement standards and implementation etc Following publication in the Federal Register the EPA will post the Federal Register version of the promulgation and key technical documents on the TTN Web site http www epa gov ttn emc promulgated html C Judicial Review Under section 307 b 1 of the Clean Air Act CAA judicial review of this final rule is available only by filing a petition for review in the U S Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by September 8 2015 Under section 307 d 7 B of the CAA only an objection to this final rule that was raised with reasonable specificity during the period for public comment can be raised during judicial review Moreover under section 307 b 2 of the CAA the requirements established by this final rule may not be challenged separately in any civil or criminal proceedings brought by the EPA to enforce these requ
56. ion factor using an independent stable tracer that is present in the native source Alternatively you may measure native concentrations without the calibration cell in the optical path 8 3 3 Introduce the HCl spike gas into the calibration cell Continue to flush the spike gas into the cell for at least the SA response time of your CEMS or until two consecutive measurements taken are within 5 0 percent of one another Then collect two independent measurements of the SA addition to the native concentration Alternatively you may insert a sealed calibration cell containing HCl at the appropriate concentration into the optical path to measure the SA addition to the native concentration 8 3 4 Repeat the collection of SA elevated and native HCl measurements in sections 8 3 2 and 8 3 3 until you have data for each SA concentration Then make a final native HCl measurement The measured concentrations must be corrected for calibration cell and stack temperature pressure and stack measurement path length 8 3 5 Calculate the standard addition response SAR for an IP CEMS using Equation A8 in section 11 3 of this appendix 8 3 6 Ifthe SA results do not meet the specifications for the appropriate performance test in PS 18 or Procedure 6 of appendix F of this part you must take corrective action and repeat the SA procedure 9 0 Quality Control Reserved 10 0 Calibration and Standardization Reserved 11 0 Calculations and Data
57. irements Section 307 d 7 B also provides a mechanism for us to convene a proceeding for reconsideration i f the person raising an objection can demonstrate to the EPA that it was impracticable to raise such objection within the period for public comment or if the grounds for such objection arose after the period for public comment but within the time specified for judicial review and if such objection is of central relevance to the outcome of the rule Any person seeking to make such a demonstration to us should submit a Petition for Reconsideration to the Office of the Administrator U S EPA Room 3000 William Jefferson Clinton Building 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW Washington DC 20460 with a copy to both the person s listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section and the Associate General Counsel for the Air and Radiation Law Office Office of General Counsel Mail Code 2344A U S EPA 1200 Pennsylvania Ave NW Washington DC 20460 II Background The EPA recently promulgated the Portland Cement Maximum Achievable Control Technology MACT rule 75 FR 54970 September 9 2010 78 FR 10006 February 12 2013 and the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards MATS rule 77 FR 9303 February 16 2012 78 FR 24075 April 24 2013 Both rules specify the use of extractive Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR and PS 15 when affected facilities opt or are required to continuously measure
58. itial direct assessment of the linearity of the system we do not believe that the nominal costs associated with hysteresis or gas use are critical concerns for this requirement for a one time test Use of a DSA as an option for quarterly data accuracy assessment was included in the proposal for Procedure 6 and section 5 2 3 of Procedure 6 has been revised to include clarifying information on spike levels number of spikes and audit calculations Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38631 The final rule requires yearly conduct of a RATA involving comparison against a RM unless the optional criteria are met to reduce this requirement to every other year The RATA provides quantitative assessment of the CEMS as well as confirmation of the continued representativeness of the CEMS sampling location The DS option confirms the quantitative output of the CEMS comparison but lacks the traversing necessary to evaluate representativeness of the CEMS sampling point 2 Removal of the Dynamic Spiking Requirement for Low Emission Sources We received several comments on the proposed specifications requiring a DS verification test whenever the HCl measurements are less than or equal to 20 percent of the applicable standard in section 11 9 4 3 arguing that the provisions are unnecessary One commenter asserted that there is no purpose or precedent for requiring alternative or additional QA
59. ive temperature measurement devices may be replaced with certified instruments on an annual basis Units removed from service may be bench tested against an NIST traceable sensor and reused during subsequent years Any measurement instrument or device that is used to conduct ongoing verification of Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38651 temperature measurement must have an accuracy that is traceable to NIST 5 1 2 Stack or source gas pressure measurement audits for HC IP CEMS must be conducted and recorded at least annually in accordance with the procedure described in section 11 4 of PS 18 in appendix B of this part As an alternative pressure measurement devices may be replaced with certified instruments on an annual basis Units removed from service may be bench tested against an NIST traceable sensor and reused during subsequent years Any measurement instrument or device that is used to conduct ongoing verification of pressure measurement must have an accuracy that is traceable to NIST 5 1 3 Out of Control Criteria for Excessive Parameter Verification Inaccuracy If the temperature or pressure verification audit exceeds the criteria in sections 5 3 4 5 and 5 3 4 6 respectively the CEMS is out of control If the CEMS is out of control take necessary corrective action to eliminate the problem Following corrective action you must repeat the failed verification audit un
60. k is conducted during the period when measured emissions are above span and there is a failure to collect at least one data point in an hour due to the response check duration then determine the emissions average for that missed hour as the average of hourly averages for the hour preceding the missed hour and the hour following the missed hour 4 1 5 4 In the event that the above span response check is not successful i e the CEMS measured value is not within 20 percent of the certified value of the reference gas then you must normalize the one hour average stack gas values measured above the span during the 24 hour period preceding or following the above span response check for reporting based on the CEMS response to the reference gas as shown in Eq 6 1 Eq 6 1 basis at the frequency described in this section unless otherwise specified in an applicable regulation or permit Quarterly audits are performed at least once each calendar quarter Successive quarterly audits to the extent practicable shall occur no closer than 2 months apart Annual audits are performed at least once every four consecutive calendar quarters 5 1 Temperature and Pressure Accuracy Assessment for IP CEMS 5 1 1 Stack or source gas temperature measurement audits for HC IP CEMS must be conducted and recorded at least annually in accordance with the procedure described in section 11 3 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part As an alternat
61. llution Prevention Reserved 15 0 Waste Management Reserved 16 0 Bibliography 1 Method 318 Extractive FTIR Method for the Measurement of Emissions From the Mineral Wool and Wool Fiberglass Industries 40 CFR part 63 subpart HHHHHHH appendix A 2 EPA Protocol for the Use of Extractive Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR Spectrometry in Analyses of Gaseous Emissions from Stationary Industrial Sources February 1995 3 Measurement of Gaseous Organic and Inorganic Emissions by Extractive FTIR Spectroscopy EPA Contract No 68 D2 0165 Work Assignment 3 08 4 Method 301 Field Validation of Pollutant Measurement Methods from Various Waste Media 40 CFR part 63 appendix A 5 EPA Traceability Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards U S Environmental Protection Agency office of Research and Development EPA 600 R 12 531 May 2012 17 0 Tables Diagrams Flowcharts and Validation Data TABLE 1 INTERFERENCE TEST GAS CONCENTRATIONS eeu poesia Ren bal gas 2 CO 15 1 COs 2 CO ais 100 20 ppm TABLE 1 INTERFERENCE TEST GAS CONCENTRATIONS Continued Potential interferent aa e i bal gas 2 CH20 20 5 ppm CH 100 20 ppm NHs 10 5 ppm extractive CEMS only 250 50 ppm 200 20 ppm 3 1 05 2 10 1 H20 2 Balance 1 Any of these specific gases can be t
62. low meter annually Note Since the spiking mass balance calculation is directly dependent on the accuracy of the DF determination the accuracy of measurements required to determine the total volumetric gas flow rate spike gas flow rate or tracer gas standard addition concentration is critical to your ability to accurately perform the DS procedure and calculate the results 8 2 4 You must monitor and record the total sampling system flow rate and sample dilution factor DF for the spiking and stack gas sampling systems to ensure they are known and do not change during the spiking procedure Record all data on a data sheet similar to Table A1 in section 13 of this appendix 8 2 4 1 You may either measure the spike gas flow and the total flow with calibrated flow meters capable of NIST traceable accuracy to 2 0 percent or calculate the flow using a stable tracer gas included in your spike gas standard 8 2 4 2 If you use flow measurements to determine the spike dilution then use Equation A1 in section 11 2 1 of this appendix to calculate the DF Determination of the spike dilution requires measurement of HCl spike flow Qspike and total flow through the CEM sampling system Qprobe 8 2 4 3 If your CEMS is capable of measuring an independent stable tracer gas you may use a spike gas that includes the tracer to determine the DF using Equation A2 or A3 sections 11 2 2 and 11 2 3 of this appendix depending on whether the tracer g
63. lue against the corresponding RM value for identical test periods Make these comparisons on the same basis e g wet dry ppmv or units of the standard To convert results generate by Method 26A or 26 in mg DSCM to ppmv use the conversion factor 0 662 ppm mg DSCM 12 6 3 Ifthe RM is Method 320 or Method 321 found in 40 CFR part 63 appendix A or ASTM D6348 12 make a direct d RM MN 12 6 5 Calculate the standard deviation of the differences Sz of the CEMS measured and RM results using Equation 10 12 6 6 Calculate the confidence coefficient CC for the RATA using Equation 11 12 6 7 Calculate the mean difference davg between the RM and CEMS values in dava 12 6 8 Calculate the average RM value using Equation 13 RMavg 12 6 9 Calculate RA of the CEMS using Equation 14 Sa CC too7s5 is the units of ppmv or the emission standard using Equation 12 1an a i 1 di n 1 i 1 RM RA davg CC RMavg 100 13 0 Method Performance 13 1 Level of Detection You may not use a CEMS whose LOD or SADL is greater than 20 percent of the applicable regulatory limit or other action level for the intended use of the data 13 2 Calibration Drift The zero and mid level calibration drift for the CEMS must not exceed 5 0 percent of the span value for 7 consecutive operating days 13 3 Measurement Error The ME must be less than or equal to 5 0 percent of the span value at
64. mpler option when using Method 26A as the RM 3 Clarify as commenters have recommended that stratification testing must be conducted at the same location as the RM testing and 4 Clarify that stratification testing should not be conducted during transient conditions D Calibration Range Above Span Commenters expressed concern over the proposed requirements related to calibration range above span or CRAS defined as the upper limit of the measurement range based on a conservatively high estimate of the range of HCl measurements expected from the source category Specifically commenters expressed concern that the proposed CRAS requirements 1 Conflict with the definition of span in both 40 CFR part 60 subpart UUUUU subpart UUUUU appendix A and in 40 CFR part 75 section 72 2 2 Conflict with the recently promulgated 40 CFR part 63 subpart LLL subpart LLL requirements 3 Would likely create one hour of unnecessary CEMS data loss each time it is performed in view of the time required for the CEMS to achieve and stabilize at the high concentration level and subsequently recover to the normal operating level 4 Require that the HCl CEMS be adjusted when the calibration drift exceeds 0 5 ppm parts per million at the zero or at 15 20 ppm levels Commenters stated that upscale or CRAS levels would impose arbitrary adjustments simply chasing noise and that it should be changed to a requirement to in
65. n 11 8 5 of this PS 11 8 2 The CD tests must be performed using the zero gas and mid level reference gas standards as defined in Table 4 of this PS 11 8 3 Conduct the CD test on each day during continuous operation of the CEMS and normal facility operations following the procedures in section 11 7 of this PS except that the zero gas and mid level gas need only be introduced to the measurement system once each 11 8 4 If periodic automatic or manual adjustments are made to the CEMS zero and upscale response factor settings conduct the CD test immediately before these adjustments Note Automatic signal or mathematical processing of all measurement data to determine emission results may be performed throughout the entire CD process 11 8 5 Determine the magnitude of the CD at approximately 24 hour intervals for 7 consecutive unit operating days The 7 consecutive unit operating days need not be 7 consecutive calendar days 11 8 6 Record the CEMS response for single measurements of zero gas and mid level reference gas You may use Figure 2 in section 17 of this PS to record and report the results of your 7 day CD test 11 8 6 1 For extractive CEMS calculate the CD using Equation 3B in section 12 3 Report the absolute value of the differences as a percentage of the span value 11 8 6 2 For IP CEMS you must include the source measurement optical path while performing the upscale CD measurement you must exclude the source mea
66. n are combined 8 1 4 As an alternative to making background measurements pre and post SA you may use an independent continuous HCl monitor as a temporary unit to measure native stack HCl concentration while simultaneously using the CEMS to measure the SA elevated source concentration If you use an independent continuous HCl monitor you must make one concurrent background or native HCl measurement using both the installed CEMS and the independent continuous HCl monitor immediately before the SA procedure in section 8 2 or 8 3 begins to confirm that the independent monitoring system measures the same background concentration as the CEMS being qualified with this PS 8 2 SA Procedure for Extractive CEMS Dynamic Spiking 8 2 1 Your HCl spike addition must not alter the total volumetric sample system flow rate or basic dilution ratio of your CEMS if applicable 8 2 2 Your spike gas flow rate must not contribute more than 10 percent of the total volumetric flow rate through the CEMS 8 2 3 You must determine a dilution factor DF or relative concentration of HCl for each dynamic spike Calibrated NIST traceable flow meters accurate to within 2 0 percent or highly accurate tracer gas measurements are required to make the necessary DF determinations at the accuracy required for this PS Calibrated NIST traceable flow meters e g venturi orifice accurate to within 2 0 percent should be recertified against an NIST traceable f
67. nd published with the rule For the reasons discussed below the EPA believes there is good cause to make this amendment effective upon publication in the Federal Register This rule establishes a new measurement option and not a new underlying requirement The sooner the new option is available more flexibility will be provided to regulated parties III Changes Included in the Final Performance Specification 18 and Procedure 6 This rule finalizes PS 18 and Procedure 6 as proposed except with five revisions in response to public comments First we expanded the options for using dynamic spiking DS with extractive systems and clarified the spiking procedures for integrated path systems through the use of method of standard additions in daily QC checks and as a replacement for the quarterly relative accuracy audit RAA Next we eliminated the requirement for paired or duplicate trains when performing relative accuracy test audits RATAs using Method 26A This change was based on data provided by stakeholders and the EPA s Office of Research and Development which showed that this reference method RM generated data acceptable to allay concerns about the data quality at concentrations near the compliance limit In response to commenters who claimed that stratification testing is overly burdensome and unwarranted we revised PS 18 to offer three RM traverse point options that can be used without the nee
68. ning Module The portion of an extractive CEMS that removes particulate matter and moisture from the gas stream and provides a sample gas stream to the CEMS analysis module or analyzer You must keep the particle free gas sample above the dew point temperature of its components 6 3 HClAnalyzer The portion of the CEMS that detects quantifies and generates an output proportional to the sample gas HCl concentration 6 4 System Controller The portion of the CEMS that provides control of the analyzer and other sub systems e g sample extraction sample conditioning reference gas as necessary for continuous operation and periodic maintenance QC activities 6 5 Data Recorder The portion of the CEMS that provides a record of analyzer output The data recorder may record other pertinent data such as effluent flow rates various instrument temperatures or abnormal CEMS operation The data recorder output range must include the full range of expected HCl concentration values in the gas stream to be sampled including zero and span value 6 6 Reference Gas System s Gas handling system s needed to introduce reference and other gases into the measurement system For extractive CEMS the system must be able to introduce gas flow sufficient to flood the sampling probe and prevent entry of gas from the effluent stream For IP CEMS the system must be able to introduce a known concentration of HCl at known cell length pressure and temperat
69. no more than three quarters in succession To conduct an RAA follow the test procedures in section 11 9 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part except that only three test runs are required The difference between the mean of the RM values and the mean of the CEMS responses relative to the mean of the RM values or alternatively the emission standard is used to assess the accuracy of the CEMS Calculate the RAA results as described in section 6 2 As an alternative to an RAA a cylinder gas audit or a dynamic spiking audit may be conducted 5 2 3 Cylinder Gas Audit A quarterly CGA may be conducted as an option to conducting a RATA in three of four calendar quarters but in no more than three consecutive quarters To perform a CGA challenge the CEMS with a zero level and two upscale level audit gases of known concentrations within the following ranges Audit point Audit range 1 Mid Level 50 to 60 of span value 2 High Level 80 to 100 of span value 5 2 3 1 Inject each of the three audit gases zero and two upscale three times each for a total of nine injections Inject the gases in such a manner that the entire CEMS is challenged Do not inject the same gas concentration twice in succession 5 2 3 2 Use HCl audit gases that meet the requirements of section 7 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part 5 2 3 3 Calculate results as described in section 6 3 5 2 4 Dynamic Spiking Audit For extractive CE
70. nology Transfer and Advancement Act NTTAA J Executive Order 12898 Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low Income Populations K Congressional Review Act CRA I General Information A Does this action apply to me The major entities that would potentially be affected by the final Performance Specification 18 PS 18 and the QA requirements of Procedure 6 for gaseous HC CEMS are those entities that are required to install a new HCl CEMS relocate an existing HCl CEMS or replace an existing HC CEMS under any applicable subpart of 40 CFR parts 60 61 or 63 Table 1 of this preamble lists the current federal rules by subpart and the corresponding source categories to which the PS 18 and Procedure 6 potentially would apply TABLE 1 SOURCE CATEGORIES THAT WOULD POTENTIALLY BE SUBJECT TO PS 18 AND PROCEDURE 6 Subpart s Source category 40 CFR part 63 Subpart LLL Portland Cement Manufac turing Industry Coal and Oil fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units Subpart UUUUU The requirements of PS 18 and Procedure 6 may also apply to stationary sources located in a state district reservation or territory that adopts PS 18 or Procedure 6 in its implementation plan We plan to amend 40 CFR part 63 subpart UUUUU National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants Coal and Oil fired Electric Utility Steam Generating Units to of
71. od s and h Program of corrective action for malfunctioning CEMS 3 2 These written procedures must be kept on site and available for inspection by the delegated authority As described in section 5 4 whenever excessive inaccuracies occur for two consecutive quarters you must revise the current written procedures or modify or replace the CEMS to correct the deficiency causing the excessive inaccuracies 4 0 Daily Data Quality Requirements and Measurement Standardization Procedures 4 1 CD Assessment An upscale gas used to meet a requirement in this section must be either a NIST traceable reference gas or a gas certified by the gas vendor to 5 0 percent accuracy 4 1 1 CD Requirement Consistent with 40 CFR 60 13 d and 63 8 c you as source owners or operators of CEMS must check record and quantify the CD at two levels using a zero gas and mid level gas at least once daily approximately every 24 hours Perform the CD check in accordance with the procedure in applicable performance specification e g section 11 8 of PS 18 in appendix B of this part The daily zero and mid level CD must not exceed two times the drift limits specified in the applicable performance specification e g section 13 2 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part 4 1 2 Recording Requirement for CD Corrective action Corrective actions taken to bring a CEMS back in control after exceeding a CD limit must be recorded and reported with the a
72. of the HCl reference gas For IP CEMS standard addition of an HCl reference gas is made by either adding an HCl reference gas to a flow through cell or inserting a sealed reference gas cell into the measurement path of the CEMS The enclosed cell or a fixed cell must contain an HCl concentration that accounts for the difference in path length of the cell used for SA relative to the measurement path 8 1 SA Concentration and Measurement Replicates 8 1 1 You must inject HCl gas to create a measured concentration based on the requirements of the particular performance test e g LOD verification CD DSA 8 1 2 Each dynamic spike DS or standard addition SA replicate consists of a measurement of the source emissions concentration of HCI native stack concentration with and without the addition of HCl With a single CEMS you must alternate the measurement of the native and SA elevated source gas so that each measurement of SA elevated source gas is immediately preceded and followed by a measurement of native stack gas Introduce the SA gases in such a manner that the entire CEMS is challenged Alternatively you may use an independent continuous HCl monitor to measure the native source concentration before and after each standard addition as described in section 8 1 4 8 1 3 Unless specified otherwise by an applicable rule your SA elevated concentration may not exceed 100 percent of span when the SA and native HCl concentratio
73. oncentration in the units of the applicable standard no additional CEMS components are necessary If your CEMS does not report concentrations in the units of the existing standard then other CEMS components e g 38634 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations oxygen Oz temperature stack gas flow moisture and pressure may be necessary to convert the units reported by your CEMS to the units of the standard 1 2 4 These specification test results are intended to be valid for the life of the system As a result the HCl measurement system must be tested and operated in a configuration consistent with the configuration that will be used for ongoing continuous emissions monitoring 1 2 5 Substantive changes to the system configuration require retesting according to this PS Examples of such conditions include but are not limited to major changes in dilution ratio for dilution based systems changes in sample conditioning and transport if used such as filtering device design or materials changes in probe design or configuration and changes in materials of construction Changes consistent with instrument manufacturer upgrade that fall under manufacturer s certification do not require additional field verification Manufacturer s upgrades require recertification by the manufacturer for those requirements allowed by this PS including interference level of detection LOD and light
74. only an oxygen O2 traverse is necessary if the only potential source of stratification is air in leakage 5 specify a stratification test when necessary be done at the RA test location and not the CEMS location if different and 6 specify that level of detection LOD criteria for allowing the alternative sulfur dioxide SO carbon dioxide CO2 and carbon monoxide CO tests are based on the RM LOD and not the CEMS LOD One commenter also suggested that unless the EPA can demonstrate that HCl stratification is an actual issue the EPA should revise PS 18 to incorporate the identical requirements in PS 2 section 8 13 2 that requires sampling three points on a line and require stratification tests only where there is a reason to expect stratification actually exists The commenter also asserted that there is no need to acquire and use a series of EPA Protocol SO calibration gases and comprehensive series of procedures intended for test runs We disagree with the commenters that stratification testing is unnecessary and overly burdensome Contrary to the assertions of some commenters that stratification testing is not necessary gaseous pollutants can be stratified While turbulent flow and other conditions may eliminate stratification under certain conditions the EPA does not agree that those conditions can be easily defined nor that if stratification exists it would always be revealed by the RA test It is the EPA
75. only perform this attenuation check on one system and you may also rely on an attenuation test conducted by the manufacturer on a system having components of the same make and model s of the system that you use 11 2 2 Insert one or more neutral density filter s or otherwise attenuate the beam intensity by a known percentage e g 90 percent of the beam intensity 11 2 3 Perform a high level HCl reference gas measurement 11 2 4 Record and report the attenuated beam intensity the measured HCl calibration gas concentration at full beam intensity the measured HCl gas concentration with attenuated beam intensity and the percent difference between the two HCl measurements with and without attenuation of the beam intensity The percent difference must not exceed the criteria set forth in section 13 6 of this PS 11 2 5 Inthe future you may not operate your IP CEMS at a beam intensity lower than that established based on the attenuation used during this test However you may repeat the test to establish a lower beam intensity limit or level 11 3 Temperature Measurement Verification Procedure for IP CEMS 11 3 1 Any measurement instrument or device that is used as a reference in verification of temperature measurement must have an accuracy that is traceable to NIST 11 3 2 You must verify the temperature sensor used in IP CEMS measurements on site as part of the initial installation and verification procedures 11 3 3 Com
76. opined that the additional burdens associated with requiring dual trains will not increase accuracy and will make it more unlikely that facilities will choose to implement HCl CEMS Commenters generally expressed that both Method 26 and 26A have been widely used for a number of years to develop data both to set standards and to show compliance and that Method 26A is very durable well designed and provides accurate high quality data One commenter acknowledged that variability is higher as measurements get closer to the detection limit however the commenter asserted that this is true for any analytical method not just Method 26A Another commenter noted that Method 26A has a known negative bias below 20 ppmv parts per million by volume however this bias would show up in both trains if a dual train was used and would not have any impact on determining accuracy One commenter reported that PS 12A is the only known PS that requires the use of paired RM sampling trains see PS 12A section 8 4 2 and requires dual trains when using Method 29 The commenter further reported that paired trains are recommended but not required in PS 11 see section 8 6 1 i The commenter suggested that the EPA adopt an alternative standard in which the EPA would recommend the use of paired trains but not require them similar to the requirements of PS 11 One commenter stated that random uncontrolled events can occur that can affect the
77. out of control conditions resulting from the quarterly or yearly audits indicate that the QC procedures are inadequate or that the CEMS is incapable of providing quality data Therefore whenever excessive inaccuracies occur for two consecutive quarters you must revise the QC procedures see section 3 0 or modify or replace the CEMS 5 5 Criteria for Optional QA Test Frequency If all the quality criteria are met in sections 4 and 5 of this procedure the CEMS is in control 5 5 1 Unless otherwise specified in an applicable rule or permit if the CEMS is in control and if your source emits lt 75 percent of the HCl emission limit for each averaging period as specified in the relevant standard for eight consecutive quarters that include a 38652 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations minimum of two RATAs you may revise your auditing procedures to use CGA RAA or DSA each quarter for seven subsequent quarters following a RATA 5 5 2 You must perform at least one RATA that meets the acceptance criteria every 2 years 5 5 3 If you fail a RATA RAA CGA or DSA then the audit schedule in section 5 2 RA Where RA Accuracy of the CEMS percent MNave Average measured CEMS response during the audit in units of applicable standard or appropriate concentration RMavg Average reference method value in units of applicable standard or appropriate concentration 6 3 CGA Accuracy
78. parison to Calibrated Temperature Measurement Device 11 3 3 1 Place the sensor of a calibrated temperature reference device adjacent to the sensor used to measure stack temperature for your IP CEMS The calibrated temperature reference device must satisfy the accuracy requirements specified in Table 3 of this PS The calibrated temperature reference device must also have a range equal to or greater than the range of your IP CEMS temperature sensor 11 3 3 2 Allow sufficient time for the response of the calibrated temperature reference device to reach equilibrium With the process and control device operating under normal conditions concurrently record the temperatures measured by your IP CEMS system M and the calibrated temperature reference device V4 You must meet the accuracy requirements specified in section 13 7 of this PS 11 3 3 3 If your IP CEMS temperature sensor does not satisfy the accuracy requirement of this PS check all system components and take any corrective action that is necessary to achieve the required minimum accuracy Repeat this verification procedure until the accuracy requirement of this specification is satisfied 11 4 Pressure Measurement Verification Procedure for IP CEMS 11 4 1 For stack pressure measurement verification you must select a NIST traceable gauge or monitor that conforms to the design requirements of ASME B40 100 2010 Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments incorporated by r
79. ptional QC Check Several comments received on the proposal recommended that the EPA allow for optional use of DS procedures for all certification and QA procedures as alternatives to using external calibration standards Commenters opined that a choice between performing DS or daily zero and upscale checks should be available to the manufacturer and CEMS user for all CEMS technologies and that the regulation should not mandate the use of either technique to exclude particular technologies 1U S Environmental Protection Agency Response to Comments on Proposed Rule Performance Specification 18 Specifications and Test Procedures for Gaseous HC Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards OAQPS Air Quality Assessment Division AQAD Research Triangle Park NC May 2015 After consideration of comments we have revised the final PS and QA procedures to allow for optional use of DS procedures for the following 1 The upscale mid level portion of the 7 day calibration drift test 2 The daily mid level CD check and 3 The quarterly data accuracy assessments In addition if the source meets the criteria of section 5 5 in Procedure 6 we are allowing for a dynamic spiking audit DSA as a replacement for the RATA once every 2 years A DS procedure does not provide sufficient information to replace the 7 day or daily zero CD check the initial measurement
80. ratification test and 2 if stratification exists and is statistically significant the error would be revealed by the RA test One commenter asserted that there may be units that would be subject to PS 18 under subpart UUUUU and other rules e g 40 CFR part 75 that have already performed stratification testing at their RM sampling location The commenter suggested that to avoid unnecessary repetitive stratification testing the EPA include an exemption from the stratification testing 38632 Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations requirement for RM locations that have been previously evaluated Another commenter stated that the proposed stratification test procedures and acceptance criteria specified in section 11 9 3 of the proposal 1 are unnecessary for most sources and do not need to be performed 2 contain confusing references to the CEMS and RM sampling points 3 provide inappropriate acceptance criteria and 4 are not supported by any data One commenter suggested that the stratification test sections be revised to 1 eliminate the test when the monitor and RA test locations are downstream of induced draft ID fan or other well mixed location 2 eliminate the test for sources that have no measurable HCl during mill on operation 3 explicitly state stratification tests should not be done during transient conditions including mill off operation 4 specify that
81. rence gas certified values v The CEMS responses vi The calculation results as defined in section 6 and MNavg RMavg RMavg must be followed until the audit results meet the criteria in section 5 3 4 to start requalifying for the optional QA test frequency in section 5 5 6 0 Calculations for CEMS Data Accuracy 6 1 RATA RA Calculation Follow Equations 9 through 14 in section 12 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part to calculate the 100 Eq the three CEMS responses and subtract the average response from the audit gas value For extractive CEMS calculate the ME at each gas level using Equation 3A in section 12 3 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part For IP CEMS calculate the ME at each gas level using Equation 6A in section 12 4 3 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part 6 4 DSA Accuracy Calculation DSA accuracy is calculated as a percent of span 100 P ENE vii Results from the performance audit samples described in section 5 and the applicable RMs e Summary of all out of control periods including corrective actions taken when CEMS was determined out of control as described in sections 4 and 5 7 1 2 Ifthe accuracy audit results show the CEMS to be out of control you must report both the audit results showing the CEMS to be out of control and the results of the audit following corrective action showing the CEMS to be operating within specifications 8 0 Bibliography 1 EPA Traceabilit
82. s into the system using Method 205 found in 40 CFR part 51 appendix M or other procedure approved by the Administrator 8 0 CEMS Measurement Location Specifications and Pretest Preparation 8 1 Prior to the start of your initial PS tests you must ensure that the CEMS is installed according to the manufacturer s specifications and the requirements in this section You may use either point or IP sampling technology 8 2 CEMS Installation Install the CEMS at an accessible location where the pollutant concentration or emission rate measurements are directly representative of the HCl emissions or can be corrected so as to be representative of the total emissions from the affected facility The CEMS need not be installed at the same location as the relative accuracy test location If you fail the RA requirements in this specification due to the CEMS measurement location and a satisfactory correction technique cannot be established the Administrator may require the CEMS to be relocated 8 2 1 Single point sample gas extraction should be 1 no less than 1 0 m 3 3 ft from the stack or duct wall or 2 within the centroidal area of the stack or duct cross section 8 2 2 IP CEMS measurements should 1 be conducted totally within the inner area bounded by a line 1 0 m 3 3 ft from the stack or duct wall 2 have at least 70 percent of the path within the inner 50 percent of the stack or duct cross sectional area or 3 be locate
83. s position that to ensure collection of representative RM samples it is necessary to confirm the absence of stratification before allowing single point or 3 point sampling that does not include the centroid of the duct However we do recognize that there is a need to provide one or more options for RM sample point selection that do not require stratification testing and we also understand that the proposed language of section 11 9 3 may have caused some confusion Therefore we have revised PS 18 to offer three RM traverse point options that can be used without the need for stratification testing These options are a 3 point traverse commonly known as the a 3 point long line that includes the centroid of the duct a 6 point traverse as allowed under 40 CFR part 75 ora 12 point traverse as was requested by one commenter Testers desiring to test at a single point or at three points within two meters of a single port commonly known as a 3 point short line will need to conduct stratification testing to demonstrate the absence of stratification or only minimal stratification respectively Additionally after consideration of comments received on stratification testing we have also revised the final PS 18 to 1 Clarify that the purpose of stratification testing is only for selection of RM sampling points 2 Simplify the use of SO as a surrogate for stratification testing without restriction to offer a si
84. spect the CEMS and determine the proper corrective action Commenters stated that the span and range of a CEMS depend on the type of technology used and that the EPA references the mercury CEMS as the precedent for the above span requirement Commenters asserted that this can be problematic because whereas mercury CEMSs have a linear response other technologies may not have a linear response After considering concerns raised by commenters we decided that above span calibration requirements are best handled on a rule specific basis within individual subparts regulating differing industries categories Therefore we revised PS 18 and Procedure 6 to remove calibration range above span requirements and made them an option in Procedure 6 Subpart LLL specific above span calibration technical revisions have been made under that rulemaking see 79 FR 68821 November 19 2014 E RATA Acceptance Criteria for Low Concentration Sources The proposed PS 18 section 5 3 5 referenced an alternative criterion for RA that would apply in instances where the emission level for the test is less than 50 percent of the applicable standard The proposed alternative criterion was for when the RM result is less than 50 percent of the emission standard and the emission standard is used in the denominator of the equation for calculating RA to be less than or equal to 15 percent We received comments that asserted that this requirement is inconsisten
85. ssociated CEMS data Reporting corrective action must include the unadjusted concentration measured prior to resetting the calibration and the adjusted value after resetting the calibration to bring the CEMS back into control 4 1 3 Dynamic Spiking Option for Mid level CD For extractive CEMS you have the option to conduct a daily dynamic spiking procedure found in section 11 8 8 of PS 18 of appendix B of this part in lieu of the daily mid level CD check If this option is selected the daily zero CD check is still required 4 1 4 Out of Control Criteria for Excessive CD As specified in 63 8 c 7 i A a CEMS is out of control if the zero or mid level CD exceeds two times the applicable CD specification in the applicable PS or in the relevant standard When a CEMS is out of control you as owner or operator of the affected source must take the necessary corrective actions and repeat the tests that caused the system to go out of control in this case the failed CD check until the applicable performance requirements are met 4 1 5 Additional Quality Assurance for Data above Span This procedure must be used when required by an applicable regulation and may be used when significant data above span is being collected 4 1 5 1 Any time the average measured concentration of HCl exceeds 150 percent of the span value for greater than two hours conduct the following above span CEMS response check 4 1 5 1 1 Within a period of
86. surement optical path when determining the zero gas concentration Calculate the CD for IP CEMS using Equations 4 5 6B and 7 in section 12 4 11 8 7 The zero level and mid level CD for each day must be less than 5 0 percent of the span value as specified in section 13 2 of this PS You must meet this criterion for 7 consecutive operating days past the 7 day CD test 11 8 8 Dynamic Spiking Option for Seven Day CD Test For extractive CEMS you have the option to conduct a mid level dynamic spiking procedure for each of the 7 days in lieu of the mid level reference gas injection described in sections 11 8 2 and 11 8 3 If this option is selected the daily zero CD check is still required 11 8 8 1 To conduct each of the seven daily mid level dynamic spikes you must use the DS procedure described in appendix A of this PS using a single spike of the mid level reference gas see Table 4 11 8 8 2 You must perform the dynamic spike procedure by passing the spiked source gas sample through all filters scrubbers conditioners and other monitoring system components used during normal sampling and as much of the sampling probe as practical 11 8 8 3 Calculate the mid level CD as a percent of span using Equation A6 of appendix A to this PS and calculate the zero drift using Equation 3B in section 12 3 Record and report the results as described in sections 11 8 6 and 11 8 7 11 9 Relative Accuracy Test 11 9 1 Unless otherwise specif
87. t Method 26A performs as a prescriptive method to generate data acceptable to allay concerns about the quality of this RM at concentrations at the compliance limits of current MACT rules We have revised PS 18 to remove the requirement for paired reference Method 26A sampling trains during RATA tests C Stratification Test Requirements Several commenters opined that stratification testing is overly burdensome and unwarranted One commenter opined that the stratification test would be overly burdensome for sources using Method 26A because test results would not be readily available onsite which would force sources to use instrumental methods e g Method 320 that yield real time HCl data Another commenter stated that the requirements for a stratification test for HCl are unwarranted because extractive CEM or cross stack tunable diode laser TDL instruments are only effective in measuring HCl in the vapor phase and stratification only occurs with non vapor droplets and higher mass aerosols The commenter asserted that gas phase measurements have always been associated with a homogeneous mixture of molecules across a stack or duct under turbulent flow conditions which is always the case at plants with HCl emission streams The commenter asserted that other reasons why a stratification test is not warranted include 1 the fact that other extractive HCl RMs including Methods 320 321 and ASTM D6348 12 do not require a st
88. t permits FR Doc 2015 16388 Filed 7 6 15 8 45 am BILLING CODE 6560 50 P ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 60 EPA HQ OAR 2013 0696 FRL 9929 25 OAR RIN 2060 AR81 Performance Specification 18 Performance Specifications and Test Procedures for Hydrogen Chloride Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources AGENCY Environmental Protection Agency EPA ACTION Final rule SUMMARY The Environmental Protection Agency EPA is finalizing performance specifications and test procedures for hydrogen chloride HCl continuous emission monitoring systems CEMS to provide sources and regulatory agencies with criteria and test procedures for evaluating the acceptability of HCl CEMS The final performance specification Performance Specification 18 includes requirements for initial acceptance including instrument accuracy and stability assessments This action also finalizes quality assurance QA procedures for HC CEMS used for compliance determination at stationary sources The QA procedures Procedure 6 specify the minimum QA requirements necessary for the control and assessment of the quality of CEMS data submitted to the EPA This action establishes consistent requirements for ensuring and assessing the quality of HCl data measured by CEMS The affected systems are those used for determining compliance with emission standards for HCl on a continuous basis as specified
89. t with other alternative RA options used in other performance specifications Some commenters supported the use of an absolute value i e plus or minus 1 ppm if the RM is less than 3 ppm which they reported would be similar to the requirements for mercury CEMS under subpart UUUUU We recognize that calibration standards and measurement technology exist to demonstrate the quality of HCl emission measurements at or above 1 ppm and that existing CEMS measurement technology can meet PS 18 RA requirements see Docket Nos EPA HQ OAR 2013 0696 0030 and 0031 For HCl emission limits equal to or less than 1 ppm RA is measured Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38633 nearer the quantitation limit of current instrument technology and an alternative RA acceptance criterion similar to that in PS 2 of 40 CFR part 60 appendix B may be applicable Therefore we have revised the alternative criterion for RA in section 13 4 of PS 18 to allow where the average RM level during the test is less than 75 percent of the applicable emission limit substitution of the equivalent emission limit in parts per million by volume wet ppmvw in the denominator of the equation for calculating RA Note that this revision applies to both PS 18 and section 6 of Procedure 6 V Statutory and Executive Order Reviews A Executive Order 12866 Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13
90. take necessary corrective action to eliminate the problem Following corrective action the CEMS must pass a test of the same type that resulted in the out of control period to determine if the CEMS is operating within the specifications e g a RATA must always follow an out of control period resulting from a RATA 5 3 1 Ifthe audit results show the CEMS to be out of control you must report both the results of the audit showing the CEMS to be out of control and the results of the audit following corrective action showing the CEMS to be operating within specifications 5 3 2 Out Of Control Period Duration for Excessive Audit Inaccuracy The beginning of the out of control period is the time corresponding to the completion of the sampling for the failed RATA RAA CGA or DSA The end of the out of control period is the time corresponding to the completion of the sampling of the subsequent successful audit 5 3 3 CEMS Data Status During Out Of Control Period During the period the CEMS is out of control the CEMS data may not be used in calculating emission compliance nor be counted towards meeting minimum data availability as required and described in the applicable regulation or permit 5 3 4 Criteria for Excessive Quarterly and Yearly Audit Inaccuracy Unless specified otherwise in the applicable regulation or permit the criteria for excessive inaccuracy are 5 3 4 1 For the RATA the CEMS must meet the RA specifications in sec
91. temperature and pressure used to conduct the interference test A gas blending system or manifold may be used 11 1 8 Ensure the duration of each interference test is sufficient to condition the HCl measurement system surfaces before a stable measurement is obtained 11 1 9 Measure the HCl response of the analyzer sample conditioning system combination to the test gases in ppmv Record the responses and determine the overall interference response using Table 2 in section 17 0 11 1 10 For each interference gas or mixture calculate the mean difference AMCave between the measurement system responses with and without the interference test gas es using Equation 1 in section 12 2 Summarize the results following the format contained in Table 2 in section 17 11 1 11 Calculate the percent interference D for the gas runs using Equation 2 in section 12 2 11 1 12 The total interference response i e the sum of the interference responses of all tested gaseous components must not exceed the criteria set forth in section 13 5 of this PS 11 2 Beam Intensity Test for IP CEMS 11 2 1 For IP CEMS you must establish the tolerance of your system to beam intensity attenuation 11 2 1 1 Your beam intensity test may be conducted in either a controlled environment or on site during initial setup and demonstration of your CEMS 11 2 1 2 Ifyou have multiple measurement systems with components of the same make and model numbers you need
92. tems that use a liquid evaporative standard generator to deliver HCl reference gas standards record supporting data for these devices including liquid feed calibrations liquid standard concentration s and NIST traceability feed rate and gas flow calibrations for all diluent and HCl gas flows All calibrations must include a stated uncertainty and the combined uncertainty of the delivered HCl reference gas concentration must be calculated and reported 11 10 2 Record the results of the CD test the RT test the ME test the RA test and for IP CEMS the results of the beam intensity temperature and pressure verification procedures Also keep records of the RM and CEMS field data calculations and reference gas certifications necessary to confirm that the performance of the CEMS met the performance specifications 11 10 3 For systems that use Method 205 to prepare HCl reference gas standards record results of Method 205 performance test field evaluation reference gas certifications and gas dilution system calibration 11 10 4 Record the LOD for the CEMS For extractive CEMS record the LOD in ppmv For IP CEMS record the LOD on a ppm meter basis along with a calculation of the installation specific LOD in ppmv For both CEMS types you must also record the field verified SADL 11 10 5 Record the results of the interference test 11 10 6 Report the results of all certification tests to the appropriate regulatory agency or ag
93. terference gases listed in Table 1 of this PS to a constant concentration of HCl reference gas 11 5 3 1 You may not use an effective reference HCl gas concentration greater than five times the estimated instrument LOD 11 5 3 2 For extractive CEMS inject the HCl and interferents described in section 11 1 5 directly into the inlet to the analyzer 11 5 3 3 For IP CEMS the HCl and interference test gases may be added to a calibration cell or separately in a temperature controlled cell that is part of the measurement path The effective concentration of the gas in the cell must meet the requirements in Table 1 corrected for absolute pressure temperature and the nominal stack sampling path length of the CEMS 11 5 4 Collect seven or more consecutive measurements separated by twice the RT described in section 11 6 to determine the LOD 11 5 5 Calculate the standard deviation of the measured values and define the LOD as three times the standard deviation of these measurements 11 5 5 1 The LOD for extractive units must be determined and reported in ppmv 11 5 5 2 The LOD for IP units must be determined and reported on a ppm meter basis and the site or installation specific LOD must be calculated based on the actual measurement path length and gas density of the emissions at the specific site installation in ppmv 11 5 6 You must verify the controlled environment LOD of section 11 5 2 of this PS for your CEMS during initial setup
94. the low mid and high level reference gas concentrations 13 4 Relative Accuracy Unless otherwise specified in an applicable regulation or permit the RA of the CEMS whether calculated in units of HCl concentration or in units of the emission standard must be less than or equal to 20 0 percent of the RM when RMavg is used in the denominator of Equation 14 13 4 1 In cases where the RA is calculated on a concentration ppmv basis if the average RM emission level for the test is less than 75 percent of the HCl concentration equivalent to the emission standard you may substitute the HCl concentration equivalent to the standard in the denominator of Equation 14 in place of RMave 13 4 2 Similarly if the RA is calculated in units of the emission standard and the HCl emission level measured by the RMs is less than 75 percent of the emission standard you may substitute the emission standard in the denominator of Equation 14 in place of RMave 13 4 3 The alternative calculated RA in paragraph 13 4 1 or 13 4 2 must be less than or equal to 15 0 percent 13 5 Interference Test comparison of the average RM results and CEMS average value for identical test periods 12 6 4 For each test run calculate the arithmetic difference of the RM and CEMS results using Equation 9 Eq 9 Eq 10 Eq 11 Eq 12 Eq 13 Eq 14 13 5 1 The sum of the interference response s from Equation 2 must not be greater than 2 5 percent o
95. til the temperature or pressure measurement device is operating within the applicable specifications at which point the out of control period ends 5 2 Concentration Accuracy Auditing Requirements Unless otherwise specified in an applicable rule or permit you must audit the HCl measurement accuracy of each CEMS at least once each calendar quarter except in the case where the affected facility is off line does not operate In that case the audit must be performed as soon as is practicable in the quarter in which the unit recommences operation Successive quarterly audits must to the extent practicable be performed no less than 2 months apart The accuracy audits shall be conducted as follows 5 2 1 Relative Accuracy Test Audit A RATA must be conducted at least once every four calendar quarters except as otherwise noted in sections 5 2 5 or 5 5 of this procedure Perform the RATA as described in section 11 9 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part If the HCl concentration measured by the RM during a RATA in ppmv is less than or equal to 20 percent of the concentration equivalent to the applicable emission standard you must perform a Cylinder Gas Audit CGA or a Dynamic Spike Audit DSA for at least one subsequent one of the following three quarterly accuracy audits 5 2 2 Quarterly Relative Accuracy Audit RAA A quarterly RAA may be conducted as an option to conducting a RATA in three of four calendar quarters but in
96. tion 13 4 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part 5 3 4 2 For the CGA the accuracy must not exceed 5 0 percent of the span value at the zero gas and the mid and high level reference gas concentrations 5 3 4 3 For the RAA the RA must not exceed 20 0 percent of the RMavg as calculated using Equation 6 2 in section 6 2 of this procedure whether calculated in units of HCl concentration or in units of the emission standard In cases where the RA is calculated on a concentration ppmv basis if the average HCl concentration measured by the RM during the test is less than 75 percent of the HCl concentration equivalent to the applicable standard you may substitute the equivalent emission standard value in ppmvw in the denominator of Equation 6 2 in the place of RMavg and the result of this alternative calculation of RA must not exceed 15 0 percent 5 3 4 4 For DSA the accuracy must not exceed 5 0 percent of the span value at the zero gas and the mid and high level reference gas concentrations or 20 0 percent of the applicable emission standard whichever is greater 5 3 4 5 For the gas temperature measurement audit the CEMS must satisfy the requirements in section 13 7 in PS 18 of appendix B to this part 5 3 4 6 For the gas pressure measurement audit the CEMS must satisfy the requirements in section 13 8 in PS 18 of appendix B to this part 5 4 Criteria for Acceptable QC Procedures Repeated excessive inaccuracies i e
97. tion 8 2 5 until you have data for each spike concentration including a final set of unspiked sample measurements according to section 8 2 5 3 8 2 7 Verify that the CEMS responded as expected for each spike gas injection and that the data quality is not impacted by large shifts in the native source concentration Discard and repeat any spike injections as necessary to generate a complete set of the required replicate spike measurements 8 2 8 Calculate the standard addition response SAR for extractive CEMS using Equation A4 in section 11 2 of this appendix 8 2 9 Ifthe DS results do not meet the specifications for the appropriate performance test in PS 18 or Procedure 6 of appendix F of this part you must take corrective action and repeat the DS procedure 8 3 SA Procedure for IP CEMS Static Spiking 8 3 1 For IP CEMS you must make measurements of native source gas HCl concentration and an HCl standard addition using a calibration cell added to the optical measurement path 8 3 2 Introduce zero gas into a calibration cell located in the optical measurement path of the instrument Continue to flush the zero gas into the cell for at least the SA response time of your CEMS or until two consecutive measurements taken are within 5 0 percent then collect two independent measurements DF 11 2 2 Ifyou determine your spike DF using an independent stable tracer gas that is DF 11 2 3 If you determine your spike dilut
98. ure into the optical path used to measure HCl gas concentration 6 7 Moisture Measurement System If correction of the measured HCl emissions for moisture is required you must install operate maintain and quality assure a continuous moisture monitoring system for measuring and recording the moisture content of the flue gases The following continuous moisture monitoring systems are acceptable An FTIR system validated according to Method 301 or section 13 0 of Method 320 in appendix A to part 63 of this chapter a continuous moisture sensor an oxygen analyzer or analyzers capable of measuring O2 both on a wet basis and on a dry basis a stack temperature sensor and a moisture look up table i e a psychrometric chart for saturated gas streams following wet scrubbers or other demonstrably saturated gas streams only or other continuous moisture measurement methods approved by the Administrator Alternatively for any type of fuel you may determine an appropriate site specific default moisture value or values using measurements made with Method 4 Determination of Moisture Content In Stack Gases in appendix A 3 to of this part If this option is selected the site specific moisture default value s must represent the fuel s or fuel blends that are combusted in the unit during normal stable operation and must account for any distinct difference s in the stack gas moisture content associated with different process operat
99. verse point differs from the mean value by no more than 0 4 ppm for HCl or 5 ppm for SO 11 9 3 2 7 If the concentration at any traverse point differs from the mean concentration by more than 10 percent the gas stream is considered stratified and you must sample using one of the options in section 11 9 3 2 above 11 9 3 3 Conduct all necessary RM tests within 3 cm 1 2 in of the traverse points but no closer than 3 cm 1 2 in to the stack or duct wall 11 9 4 In order to correlate the CEMS and RM data properly record the beginning and end of each RM run including the time of day in hours minutes and seconds using a clock synchronized with the CEM clock used to create a permanent time record with the CEMS output AMC 11 9 5 You must conduct the RATA during representative process and control operating conditions or as specified in an applicable regulation permit or subpart 11 9 6 Conduct a minimum of nine RM test runs NOTE More than nine RM test runs may be performed If this option is chosen up to three test run results may be excluded so long as the total number of test run results used to determine the CEMS RA is greater than or equal to nine However all data must be reported including the excluded test runs 11 9 7 Analyze the results from the RM test runs using Equations 9 14 in section 12 6 Calculate the RA between the CEMS results and the RM 11 10 Record Keeping and Reporting 11 10 1 For sys
100. y Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27709 telephone number 919 541 1064 fax number 919 541 0516 email address sorrell candace epa gov SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The information in this preamble is organized as follows I General Information A Does this action apply to me B Where can I get a copy of this document and other related information C Judicial Review Il Background HI Changes Included in the Final Performance Specification 18 and Procedure 6 IV Summary of Major Comments and Responses A Dynamic Spiking B Duplicate Trains When Performing RATA C Stratification Test Requirements D Calibration Range Above Span E RATA Acceptance Criteria for Low Concentration Sources V Statutory and Executive Order Reviews A Executive Order 12866 Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563 Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review B Paperwork Reduction Act PRA Federal Register Vol 80 No 129 Tuesday July 7 2015 Rules and Regulations 38629 C Regulatory Flexibility Act RFA D Unfunded Mandates Reform Act UMRA E Executive Order 13132 Federalism F Executive Order 13175 Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments G Executive Order 13045 Protection of Children From Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks H Executive Order 13211 Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply Distribution or Use I National Tech
101. y Protocol for Assay and Certification of Gaseous Calibration Standards U S Environmental Protection Agency office of Research and Development EPA 600 R 12 531 May 2012 2 Method 205 Verification of Gas Dilution Systems for Field Instrument Calibrations 40 CFR part 51 appendix M 9 0 Tables Diagrams Flowcharts Reserved FR Doc 2015 16385 Filed 7 6 15 8 45 am BILLING CODE 6560 50 P RA for the RATA The RATA must be calculated either in units of the applicable emission standard or in concentration units ppmv 6 2 RAA Accuracy Calculation Use Equation 6 2 to calculate the accuracy for the RAA The RA may be calculated in concentration units ppmv or in the units of the applicable emission standard Eq 6 2 To calculate the DSA accuracy for each upscale spike concentration first calculate the DSE using Equation A5 in appendix A of PS 18 in appendix B to this part Then use Equation 6 3 to calculate the average DSA accuracy for each upscale spike concentration To calculate DSA accuracy at the zero level use equation 3A in section 12 3 of PS 18 in appendix B to this part Eq 6 3 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 45 CFR Part 155 CMS 9944 F2 RIN 0938 AS19 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2016 Correcting Amendment AGENCY Centers for Medicare amp Medicaid Services CMS HHS ACTION Final rule correcting amendm

PDF Version - Federal Register

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents