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Model 4000 User Manual, Software v5.3

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1. PARITY PERIPHERAL TRIGGERS Select the desired switcher peripheral port BAUD rate and parity parameters These should be set the same for the switcher and the peripheral device For a DPM 700 set the baud rate to 38400 and parity to NONE Assigning Peripheral Trigger Use this menu to delegate any of the eight peripheral triggers for the switcher designated A through H to an E MEM level of MISC or DPM 1 DPM 4 Use the LEVEL soft knob to select which E MEM level will activate the selected trigger Each trigger is sent to a particular address Device Number on the Peripheral Bus 2 63 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Once configured these triggers can be learned into E MEM effects on the MISC level or fired directly from this menu Refer to the Keyframe Attach Peripheral Trigger Menu description in the Operation Reference book for attaching peripheral triggers to E MEM registers 1 From the Peripheral Interface Menu press PERIPHERAL TRIGGERS to open the Peripheral Triggers Menu PERIPHERAL TRIGGERS MENU config extern if peripheral if peripheral triggers DEVICE NUMBER DEVICE NO FUNCTN NO LEVEL FUNCTION NUMBER 0 0 4 io gt lt gt LEVEL DPM 1 r o mim o o B TRIGGER SELECT 2 Increment TRIGGER SELECT to select the designator to be assigned A through H 3 Turnthe DEVICE NUMBER soft knob to select the periphera
2. 80 X 48 MODULES aasia SERIAL ideo Signals m DIGITAL In INPUT MIXER MODULES MODULE MET CROSS Key Signals POINT ey Signa gt ANALOG amp ME2 ONIS INPUT MODULES Frame Store Video and Key Clocks M E Program Video and Key to all modules Clipped Mask and Mask Store Video Analog Timing n Reference evt Signals Switched Preview and Mask Serial Digital GENERATOR x all Black Background 1 and 2 and Test Signals Ref video s SIEIenow modules Program Preset and DSK Video and Key Aux Bus 5A 9B Video and Key CONTROL PANEL z CONTROLLER To From All Circuits IN S control buses not shown for clarity Functional Description SECONDARY WIPE OPTION Aux Bus 1A 4B Video and Key M E 1 amp M E 2 MIXERS FRAME STORE Frame Store FOR VIDEO KEY Video AND MASK and Key STORAGE Mask Mask SERIAL Store Store DIGITAL Input Output AND M E Pvw Video PREVIEW PGM PST MIXER y AND DUAL DSK M E 1 and M E2 ANALOG Program Video and Key OUTPUT MODULES Program Video amp Clean Feed Mask and j Switched Preview Video i M E and DSK Preview DIAGNOSTIC dac ees NOTE Primary Video Paths are Indicated by Wide Arrows Ht 01 2290 Outputs Standard and Optional
3. sss 4 86 Creating Directories and Files 0000 e cece eee 4 87 Store and Name An E MEM File 000000008 4 87 Store and Name A Configuration File 4 88 Loading Recalling E MEM Files from Disk 4 89 Loading Recalling Configuration Files from Disk 4 90 Viewing Listing Files and Directories 4 90 Deleting Files and Directories nnna nananana 4 91 viii Contents Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video IntroducHOD xo iaei ee oes erate ter DLE A 1 What are Shaped and Unshaped Video A 1 Input Shaped and Unshaped Video 0 6 0 cece eee eee A 2 Configuring the Input 6 A 3 Examples of Operation With Shaped amp Unshaped Fill Video A 4 Correct Input Configuration 0666 eee eee ee A 6 Correct Operation With Shaped Fill Video A 6 Correct Operation With Unshaped Fill Video A 7 Incorrect Input Configuration 0 06 c cece eee A 9 Incorrect Operation With Shaped Fill Video A 9 Incorrect Operation With Unshaped Fill Video A 10 Output Shaped and Unshaped Video 000 0 eee ee A 13 For the Model 3000 2 0 occ ccc eee eee A 13 For the Model 4000 or Model 2200 n nananana A 14 Installation Considerations 6 c cece eee eee A 16 Appendix B Keyframe Facts Keyframe Timelin
4. Press CONFIRM button SECOND to update the clock 0 setting DATE TIME SELECT CONFIRM 5 Press the CONFIRM button to enter the new time 6 Press the top level CONFG button to return to the Configuration Menu 2 25 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Configuring Switcher Inputs 2A 3 2 26 Primary video and key inputs to the switcher are numbered 1 through 64 Any of these inputs can be treated as either a video signal or a key signal Each input including Black and Background can be mapped to any vertical column of source select crosspoint buttons NOTE The external video and key assignments are set up following installation to correspond to the video and key inputs connected to the frame These assignments should never be changed by the operator Internally generated sources black backgrounds mask etc are also available for selection on the crosspoint matrix Forty eight sources may be assigned at one time to the crosspoints 24 unshifted and 24 shifted selections During the installation procedure each of the 48 input buses is assigned a video signal a key signal and a chroma key signal Thirty two sources may be assigned at one time to the crosspoints 16 unshifted and 16 shifted selections During the installation procedure each of the 32 input buses is assigned a video signal a key signal and a chroma key signal All inputs are defined by fun
5. 3 UseFILL SHAPE to fill a completely enclosed shape with either black or white as selected by BRUSH SOURCE If the shape is not completely closed the fill will leak out and fill the entire screen This may happen if you have the BRUSH SOFTNESS soft knob set to a high value 4 77 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 78 Setting the BRUSH SOFTNESS to a low number Softness 0 creates a hard edged brush which prevents leaks First press the FILL SHAPE button to get a cross hair cursor Then touch the graphics tablet pen inside the shape to be filled the filling action begins 4 The following screen message displays when the operation is complete FILL REGION COMPLETE NOTE The FILL SHAPE function times out 5 seconds after pressing the button The cursor cross hair reverts back to a brush 5 Use the SAVE button periodically throughout your mask draw work session to save desired results 6 Use UNDO to delete current undesired results UNDO reloads the last saved image The screen message SAVE COMPLETE or UNDO COMPLETE displays when the operation is done Masking a Key Keys may be masked by a video source selected on the Mask Bus or by the Mask Store output The key can be inhibited by the inhibit mask or forced with the force mask These masks can be applied simultaneously In the event of a force and inhibit mask overlap the inhibit mask prevails A graphic tablet Mask Draw Option ca
6. Chroma Key A chroma key is a key in which a particular color that you select in the background of a scene is detected and replaced with a new background scene This gives the illusion that foreground objects are positioned in front of a new background For example the fill video selected on the Key bus may be a weather reporter standing in front of a blue wall and the new background video may be a weather map Figure 3 2 The completed chroma key consists of the weather map background where the blue wall used to be and the reporter foreground fill everywhere else This creates the illusion that the reporter is standing in front of the weather map A convenient feature of the chroma keyer is automatic setup This feature sets up the key for you when you identify the background color that you want to replace You simply position a cursor over the color using the joystick and press the AUTO SETUP button in the Chroma Key Chroma Key Setup Menu On the Model 2200 you can use the AUTO SETUP button on the Chroma Keyer Subpanel In most cases this function yields a very good chroma key which you can use as is or to fine tune as desired using the Keyer controls and the Chroma Key Menu controls The chroma keyer includes background and foreground suppression Background suppression replaces the old background color with black before adding in the new background This ensures that the old background color is completely removed from the scene r
7. Section 3 Switcher Concepts Super Black 3 14 Super Black is a video level that is lower than the usual black level 7 5 IRE in NTSC 0 IRE in PAL and Component video It is inserted into the background of a video signal to improve the contrast for luminance self keying The Super Black level is variable and is often limited by the device that is used to record the signal Typically 0 IRE is used although values as low as 5 IRE or 10 IRE may be used The main reason for using Super Black is to enable the video including regular black to be separated by a keyers clip and gain circuit from the surrounding Super Black level This enables a recorded video signal which includes black to be keyed into a scene without using a separate key signal A typical use of Super Black is when a prerecorded element such as a flying logo is to be keyed in at the opening of a show The flying logo is keyed over super black and recorded on tape The VTR must be adjusted to record the super black level and to reproduce it during playback When the logo is to be used at the start of the show the tape is played and the luminance key clip and gain are adjusted to key the logo into the background scene The key is then activated and the tape played back to produce the flying logo Refer to the Super Black Application Note in the Appendix section of this manual for information on how to generate and use the Super Black output Chroma Key
8. Sequence An operating mode which allows automatic recalls of the contents of a series of E MEM registers Shadow Dropshadow A title enhancement consisting of a shadow effect along one edge of the title key or along one edge and the bottom of the key Signal to Noise Ratio A measurement of the relative amount of noise present in an audio or video signal SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers SMPTE Component Standard A color difference video standard outlined by SMPTE expressed in terms of Y R Y and B Y Soft Edge A wipe pattern edge between two video signals in which the signals dissolve into each other for a soft transition effect Software Computer programs Also see Hardware and Firmware Split Key A key mode in which the key signal and the key video are from different sources Spotlight A highlight effect produced by superimposing a full strength video signal shaped by a wipe pattern over an attenuated darkened signal from the same video source G 13 Glossary Subcarrier A sine wave signal which is imposed on a video signal as a color reference Subcarrier also forms color burst The frequency of subcarrier is 3 58 MHz in NTSC and 4 43 MHz in PAL Switcher Vision Mixer An electronic device that takes video signals from any of several sources such as cameras VTRs character generators etc to combine video signals and produce video effects Also see A
9. The Learn and Recall operation described in the previous Normal mode text is identical in the 300 Style mode Therefore that text is not repeated here Operational Defaults in Either Mode m If Auto Run is ON when the register is Recalled the keyframe effect runs m If Auto Run is OFF when the register is Recalled the keyframe effect does not run when Recalled m If Auto Recall is ON when the register is Learned and ON when the register is Recalled the Switcher enables are learned with the effect and re established before the effect is recalled m If Auto Recall is ON when the register is Learned and OFF when the register is Recalled the Switcher enables do not change from the current settings m If Auto Recall is OFF when the register is Learned and ON when the register is Recalled all Switcher enables go off If Effects Dissolve is ON when the register is Learned the Switcher runs the dissolve when the register is recalled whether the Effects Dissolve button is currently ON or OFF 4 47 Section 4 Switcher Operations Setup 1 Clear the switcher see Clearing the Switcher 2 You will need the following sources a Background still b Character generator Basic E MEM Operations The following topics describe enabling register effects storing and recalling effects Effects Dissolve transitions and Learn Sequence operations Enabling E MEM Register Levels The E MEM Enable buttons are used to set u
10. Invert Foreground Key Fill 5 UNSHAPED selected in A Map Inputs Menu Doubly Shaped shaped turns ON Shaping Circuit Video Figure A 19 Incorrect Operation with Shaped Input A 9 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Figure A 20 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the input fill video is s aped but UNSHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu Note dark halo effect Figure A 20 Incorrect Video With Shaped Input and UNSHAPED Selected Incorrect Operation With Unshaped Fill Video Figure A 21 shows what happens when the DPM is set for an unshaped video output but SHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu The SHAPED selection turns off the input Shaping circuit so the Unshaped input signal is added directly to the Background signal with key hole This causes excessive luminance where the fill video and key hole edges overlap producing a white halo around the key A 10 Examples of Operation With Shaped amp Unshaped Fill Video Es Background 0 0000 Keyhole in Background White Halo Around Key m a E Background plus Foreground Foreground Key Fill SHAPED selected in C Map Inputs Menu EH c turns OFF Shaping Circuit Unshaped Unshaped Video Figure A 21 Incorrect Operation with Unshaped Input Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Figure A 22 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the input fill video is unshape
11. PGM PEAK WHITE OFF M E1 PGM OFF PEAK M E2 PGM BOTH PEAK OFF PEAK WHITE PEAK BLACK PGM BOTH PEAK OUTPUT LUM CHROM DIGITAL SELECT LIMITER LIMITER RES 1 Select the desired output from PGM M E 1 PGM or M E 2 PGM with the OUTPUT SELECT button 2 With the LUM LIMITER button choose between the following luminance limiting condition for the delegated PGM video output does not apply to reentries e PEAK WHITE the luminance level is not allowed to go above peak white luminance e PEAK BLACK the luminance level is not allowed to go below standard black luminance BOTH keeps the luminance levels between standard black and peak white e OFF allows the luminance levels to vary between the full legal D1 limits 2 38 Software Setup 3 Usethe CHROM LIMITER button to set the chrominance to the following conditions e PEAK keeps the chrominance between 100 chroma saturation levels e OFF allows chrominance levels to vary between the full legal D1 limits Setting Output Resolution and Dither The Output Digital Resolution Menu allows you to set digital outputs to either 8 bit or 10 bit resolution with dithering on or off The type of output dictates which combination of resolution and dither on off that may be selected The combinations are Output Selection Resolution Dither M E 1 PGM 10 bit ON M E 2 PGM M E 3 PGM 10 bit OFF DSK PGM
12. Select the LEARN pushbutton so that it lights Select BANK 0 or BANK 1 to select Bank 0 or Bank 1 Select BANK f and then one of the pushbuttons 2 through 9 to select Banks 2 through 9 This selects one of the ten banks of ten E MEM storage registers For example register 32 equates to bank 3 register 2 If the current Bank is the one you want simply select the new register number Select one of the ten register pushbuttons 0 9 The button will light and the current panel setup will be learned for later recall After the learn the LEARN button lamp turns off SHORTCUT LEARN dot automatically puts the effect into the next empty register 4 49 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 50 Recalling an Effect 1 Turn off the LEARN button if it is lit 2 Select BANK and 0 through 9 This step is optional if the bank that you want is already selected 3 Selectthe register pushbutton 0 9 containing the previously stored panel setup The panel setup stored in the register will immediately be recalled 4 Observe the recalled effect on the Program monitor NOTE The E MEM system learns and recalls the switcher controls but does not cue the video and key sources serving as inputs to the switcher When you recall an effect you may need to cue your sources to exactly duplicate the picture that existed when the effect was learned Learning Effects Dissolve Transitions The EFF DIS effects dissolve fu
13. 8 bit ON 8 bit OFF DSK CLEAN 10 BIT OFF AUX 1 AUX 2 8 BIT ON AUX 3 AUX 4 M E 1 PVW M E 2 PVW M E 3 PVW DSK PVW DSK DIRTY 2 39 Section 2 Startup and Configuration OUTPUT DIGITAL RESOLUTION MENU config outputs digital res M E 1 PGM 10 BIT ON M E 2 PGM 10 BIT ON DSK PGM 10 BIT ON DSKCLEAN 8BIT ON AUX1 8 BITION AUX 2 8 BIT ON M E 2 PVW 8 BIT ON AUX 3 8 BIT ON DSK PVW 8 BIT ON AUX 4 8 BIT ON DSK DIRTY 8 BIT ON 10 BIT ON 10 BIT OFF 8 BIT ON 10 BIT OFF M E 1 PGM 8 BIT OFF M E 1 PVW 8 BIT ON OUTPUT RESOLUTION OUTPUT RESOLUTION SELECT DITHER SELECT DITHER 2 40 Software Setup Configuring External Interfaces The External Interface menus set the operating parameters for the Editor Interface DPM Interface and the GPI Interface The External Interface Menu is shown below EXTERNAL INTERFACE MENU config extern if EDITOR VF DPM PERIPHERAL GPI VF VF OUTPUTS Press the EDITOR I F gt button to advance to the Editor Menu NOTE DPM I F and PERIPHERAL I F Menu descriptions and functions are included in the next section See DPM Configurations on page 2 44 2 41 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Setting Editor Port Parameters The Editor Interface Menu shown below allows you to set the Baud Parity and Switcher Address for the switcher editor port J3 on the Com I
14. Caption See Title Character Generator An electronic device that produces letters numbers and symbols for video output Chroma The attribute of light combining hue and saturation independent of intensity The color perceived is determined by the relative proportions of the three primary colors Chroma Key A key effect in which the key signal is derived from the chroma information hue and saturation of the key source Chroma Key Shadow A video effect in which the shadows in a keyed out portion of a picture can be restored on the background of the composite picture Chrominance The colorimetric difference between any color and a reference color of equal luminance Chrominance corresponds to the sensation of saturation CIE Colors A color standard recommended by the IEEE Clip A threshold level adjustment to which the key source attribute luminance chrominance etc is compared for generating the internal key signal The CLIP control sets the switching point between the background and the fill CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor A family of semiconductors characterized by low power consumption G 3 Glossary Color Bars Standard color test signal of usually eight colors Color Black A video signal in which the luminance is at the Black reference level Color Burst A nine cycle NTSC or ten cycle PAL burst of subcarrier on the video signal which serves as the referen
15. Figure A 17 NOTE This process also applies to non shaped video Therefore UNSHAPED should always be selected for a normal key A 7 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video A 8 cet Background Keyhole in Background WF Background plus Foreground Foreground Key Fill C UNSHAPED selected in _ M Map Inputs Menu Shaped Video Unshaped turns ON Shaping Circuit Figure A 18 Correct Unshaped Keying Operation 0 0000 Examples of Operation With Shaped amp Unshaped Fill Video Incorrect Input Configuration Figure A 19 and Figure A 21 show how the fill video is handled by the switcher when the shaped unshaped selection in the Configuration Inputs Map Inputs menu is set incorrectly for the input signal that is mapped to the crosspoint Figure A 20 and Figure A 22 show the appearance of the video on the monitor in each of these cases Incorrect Operation With Shaped Fill Video Figure A 19 shows what happens when the DPM is providing a shaped video output but UNSHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu The UNSHAPED selection turns on the input Shaping circuit causing the Shaped input signal to be shaped again sometimes called a double multiply The re shaped video does not completely fill the key hole in the Background so a dark halo appears around the key Background Y0 0000 Keyhole in Background Dark Halo Around Key W Background plus Foreground
16. G 1 Glossary Background Generator A video generator that produces a solid color output which can be adjusted for hue saturation and luminance The output of the generator is the color background signal applied to a primary input Background Transition A transition between signals selected on the PROGRAM and PRESET background buses or A and B Background buses Background Video 1 Video that forms a background scene into which a key may be inserted Background video comes from the PROGRAM and PRESET background buses or from the A and B Background buses in an M E 2 A video output generated by the Background generator within the switcher for use as background video in key effects Back Porch The portion of a video signal that occurs during blanking from the end of sync to the beginning of active video Baud Rate The transmission rate in bytes per second of data between communication devices such as computers modems and or printers BETA Format A color difference video format that uses the Y R Y B Y components G 2 Binary A numbering system based on just two digits 0 and 1 Also see Hex and Octal Bit Binary Digit A single unit of information in a storage device Also see Byte and Word Black A black video output generated within the switcher and selected by the BLACK pushbuttons on the crosspoint buses and by the PST BLK pushbutton Blanking 1 The portion of the video signa
17. Krystal Kaleidoscope With Krystal Kaleidoscope controlling the aux buses when a source button is selected on the Krystal Kaleidoscope panel that source button is also selected on the switcher for that aux bus and vice versa So an effect running on Krystal Kaleidoscope can cause the switcher to select different crosspoints This is the mechanism used to achieve front back switching All control connections have an associated control delay The CONTROL DELAY in the DPM Setup Menu should be set to 6 fields when the DPM TYPE is set to either KRYSTAL or KSCOPE When any other type of DPM is selected as the DPM TYPE the Model 4000 Switcher controls the aux bus Software Setup Peripheral Bus II Port A3 Only PBusl is used for run control of effects using triggers With current software PBuslI triggers are learned into the MISC E MEM level For example when using PBusll as the control connection for a DPM 700 the following should be set in the DPM Setup Menu PORT ASSIGN NONE CHANNEL ROUTING OFF GPIs Both input and output GPIs may be used as triggers as part of the control interface between the DPM and switcher Depending on the nature of the DPM GPIs can be used for effect recall and run control source selection and tally information Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 52 Configuring the DPM Interface DPM SETUP MENU Set up the DPM type port assignment channel routing video delay and contro
18. OTHER POOL is reserved for future use It is for DPMs other than Kaleidoscope which are pooled and use CPL to communicate 2 45 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 46 Both KSCOPE and OTHER POOL are selections for pooled devices A pooled device is one which provides acquisition of logical channels from a pool of physical channels Kaleidoscope is a pooled device As an example consider a Kaleidoscope having 5 physical channels named A B C D and E The pooled channels are shared by different users A user may build a Kaleidoscope effect using 3 channels On one day he may acquire physical channels C D and E as logical channels 1 2 and 3 on another day he may acquire physical channels B C and D as logical channels 1 2 and 3 The same effect will perform identically on both configurations since the operator s view of the system is the logical arrangement of channels 1 2 3 not the physical channels used In systems with multiple DPM channels it is desirable to have a predictable relationship between aux buses and DPM channels e g aux bus 1 feeding DPM channel 1 aux bus 2 feeding channel 2 etc It is also desirable to have a particular switcher crosspoint button always select the same DPM channel return input For a fixed device such as the DPM 700 this relationship is achieved by cabling alone For a pooled device such as Kaleidoscope the Model 4000 achieves predictable DPM channel routing by maintai
19. Press GOTO KF 4 ENTER Press PASTE Note that there are now a total of 5 keyframes in the effect Keyframe Operations Rewind and run the effect Note that the first and last keyframes are identical Press GO TO KF 4 ENTER Press CUT Rewind and run the effect Note that the effect is now back to its original form and there are four keyframes total Effects Editing with Get and Put Use Get and Put to copy entire effects from one register to another Use PUT to copy the current effect into the selected register number 1 Recallan effect from an E MEM register 2 Findan empty register number to use for step 3 3 Press PUT empty register ENTER Or PUT dot Puts the current effect into the next available empty register Use GET to copy an entire effect from another location into the current register 1 2 Select an empty register number Find a register number with an effect to use for step 3 Press GET register ENTER Or GET dot Puts the current effect into the next available empty register 4 65 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 66 Constant Duration Mode Constant Duration editing changes the way keyframes are inserted and deleted In Constant Duration mode adding or deleting keyframes does not change the total effect duration It does modify the preceding keyframe duration to keep the total effect duration the same NOTE The total effect length can be
20. Press a crosspoint button on the Preset bus to select the crosspoint whose input mapping is to be changed 2 61 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 3 Select LOG CHANNEL with the LOG PHYS ASSIGNMENT button MAP INPUTS MENU VIDEO INPUT config inputs map inputs 4 DIG SER RGB SETUP KEY INPUT 1 DIG SER 8 BIT SETUP SYNC XPT BUTTON XPT BUTTON NUMBER NAME CHROMA KEY INPUT NONE UNSHAPED SHIFT 14 CNTERNAL SHAPED Use the Preset Bus to select button number VIDEO CEMA VIDEO LOG PHYS NAME XPT KEY FMT ASSIGNMENT BUTTON gt 4 Rotate the VIDEO INPUT knob to assign the desired DPM number and logical channel for this crosspoint For example assign logical channel 1 of DPM 1 by selecting DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 5 Rotate the KEY INPUT knob to assign the desired DPM number and logical channel for this crosspoint For example assign logical channel 1 of DPM 1 by selecting DPM 1 LOG CHAN 1 6 Pressthe top level CONFG button to return to the Configuration Menu 2 62 Software Setup Configuring the Peripheral Interface Use the Peripheral I F Menu to set the Baud Parity and Peripheral Trigger parameters for the switcher peripheral port PORT A3 on the Expanded Communication Module PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MENU config extern if peripheral if NOTE The Peripheral Bus port is labelled Port A3 on the rear of the frame electronics EVEN NONE
21. See Figure 4 3 6 You can also do a hot cut without Preview at any time by simply selecting a new PGM bus crosspoint This does not allow for the previewing of the source prior to the cut taking place TRANSITION EFF EFF EFF EFF SEND SEND SEND SEND BKGD BKGD KEY KEY KEY B A 1 2 PRIOR ON ON ON ON LAYERED OVER OVER PST MIX WIPE BLK AUTO nd TRAN 888 4 7 Section 4 Switcher Operations Starting On Air Picture Ending On Air Picture Figure 4 3 Background Cut 4 8 Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations Background Mix A mix is a dissolve from one picture to another You can mix between A and B bus sources as follows 1 Select Source 2 on the M E 1 A bus background crosspoint row The A bus appears on the PGM monitor 2 Select Source 1 on the M E 1 B bus background crosspoint row The B bus appears on the Preview monitor 3 Select the BKGD A Transition button 4 Select the MIX Transition button a Move the M E 1 lever arm from one limit to the other As the lever arm moves the Preset bus scene will mix on air the Program scene will mix off and the Program and Preset crosspoint selections will flip flop swap at the end of the mix This keeps the A Bus as the on air output allowing all new background source selections to be made on the B Bus NOTE The B Bus will high tally as soon as you start the transition This is because the B Bus crosspoint
22. all other enabled levels are enabled but not delegated The timelines of all enabled levels are displayed in the Timeline Menu and the names of the delegated levels are highlighted This feature allows you to edit a delegated timeline while viewing its relationship to enabled timelines not being edited m In DELEGATES mode pressing the Enable button of a level or channel that is not enabled toggles it to an enabled and delegated status This does not change the status of any other enabled levels or channels Subsequent presses of that enabled button toggles the delegation of that channel on or off If you wish to toggle the enable status off you must leave the DELEGATES mode and go into the ENABLES mode Enables and Delegates Button Tallies The E MEM Enable buttons have three tally levels m High tally the E MEM is enabled and delegated for Keyframe editing m Low tally the E MEM is enabled but not delegated m Tally off the E MEM is not enabled and not delegated Refer to the E MEM control panel description in the Operation Reference manual for a detailed description of the functions controlled by each Enable button Refer to Appendix B Keyframe Facts for further information on enabling and delegating E MEM levels Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing Switchers are able to store more than one switcher state a keyframe on each enabled level in a single E MEM regis
23. and its keyframes are removed from the master timeline With DELEGATES on the timelines of all enabled levels remain displayed in the Timeline menu and the Enable buttons of the undelegated levels go to low tally Pressing individual Enable buttons on the E MEM panel then delegates individual register levels so that changes can be made to those levels The buttons of the delegated levels go to high tally and the names of those levels are highlighted in the Timeline menu During effect editing you would normally enable all levels that contribute to the overall effect When you want to make changes to individual levels you would delegate only those levels and perform the operation Insert Before Insert After Mod Cut Paste etc Only the delegated levels will B 3 Appendix B Keyframe Facts be modified Those levels which are enabled but not delegated will not be modified It is recommended that you do selective insertions of keyframes by using the DELEGATES function That is that you only insert a keyframe on a level if it has value Extra keyframes get in the way when it comes time to modify portions of the effect especially if keyframes are moved in time In addition using unnecessary keyframes quickly deplete the keyframe pool see the main E MEM menu for the number of available keyframes Keyframe Path Control B 4 Tension Continuity and Bias Controls The path that an effect takes between keyframes may b
24. besending a key with the video to the output module In addition the source M E for that output needs to be in layered mode Using the Super Black Output Each output module has four channels that are arranged with the video and key on adjacent channels For example the Program Output module is arranged as follows Channel3 Program Video Channel 4 gt Program Key The Configuration Outputs menu allows you to turn Super Black on for a particular output When Super Black is turned on for the channel 3 output for example the output is Channel 3 Output Program Key Program Video Super Black Value Super Black Value The Super Black Value is also a register value on the output module It uses the same Super Black Value found in the System Parameters menu When Super Black is turned off Channel 3 Output Program Video This method also allows you to lay up to 8 layers at a time to tape Reconstructing the Signal To reconstruct the video and key 1 Map the tape machine input with the Super Black source to a crosspoint 2 Select that crosspoint as a Key and put the Key on in Video Key Lum Key mode 3 Turn on Chroma Trap in the Keyer menu 4 Adjust the Clip and Gains as well as possible on Key panel 5 Adjust Coring in the Keyer menu available only for M Es C 5 Appendix C Super Black C 6 A Abort An instruction used to terminate execution of a computer progra
25. 0c cee eee xvi Section 1 System Overview Basic Architecture aceso niie miea a R E ees 1 2 Standard Features 0 eee eee 1 4 Optional Features 0 ene eens 15 Signal Processor Frame 0 6 6 eens 1 6 Control Panel sirere irei an Sooke O Ea ER S 1 8 Power Supplies sce edes med estes i NG 1 12 Video and Key Inputs and Outputs 0 0 cee eee 1 12 Inputs eise PRISE ERE AP t pid dus 1 12 OUtpuls directi a ned eb ees ted edt 1 15 Functional Description esoneri sneri seie pisii i aeni eee 1 16 General Overview i sspe tbeid estas tipii e an 1 16 Video ProcessiNg oos s ote E E E ata ain ee 1 16 iii Contents Description of Options roie dirii sa aknan E E E E eee 1 20 Chromatte Advanced Chroma Keyer 600 00022000 1 20 BORDERLINE Key Edge Generation 0 0050200005 1 20 Secondary Wipe Generator eee ee 1 20 Frame Store asses teens te ice Lc MELLE 1 21 Eifects Denduceerhte rers nda ane aa Heber aes 1 21 Clean Feed ue gates cese ent ei Aa eg ee eee ee 1 21 Look Ahead Preview 6606 ccc cee ee 1 21 Taly Relay PE 1 22 Remote Aux BUS 0 6 6 ccc E E OE EEE en enes 1 22 Timed Aux Output orere ancor niesen iea a eee 1 22 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Lowetine Up es treneren etd neis SO dad vo ie Ra eee 2 Booting p ise er ne RARE gets E Rd ER ER ER RE 2 2 Software Setup cse ees et Pee b Vo tr t e bL e eoe 2 2 The Configuration Menu
26. After mapping the input you may name the crosspoint by pressing NAME XPT BUTTON gt The Name Xpt Button Menu appears as shown below Software Setup NAME XPT BUTTON MENU config inputs map inputs name xpt button String Register abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Camera Button Name Save Get String String ABCDEFPHIUKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ XPT BUTTON NUMBER Cam 2 38 SHIFT 14 Character G Use the Preset Bus to select button number Ae ee pcr Bus CURSOR BACK ACCEPT CHAR CURSOR DELETE SAVE GET ACCEPT FORWRD CHAR STRING STRING NAME Select each character by turning the soft knobs located to the right of the menu display Enter the selected character by pressing the ACCEPT CHAR button The new character will be displayed in the menu Continue selecting characters in this manner until the name is spelled out in the menu You may enter up to 9 characters for the input name Press ACCEPT NAME to store the name The system automatically returns to the Map Inputs Menu Repeat the steps in Mapping Crosspoints and Naming Crosspoint Buttons until all inputs have been mapped and named 2 33 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 34 Formatting Chroma Key Inputs If you have installed the optional Chroma Key Inputs you need to assign input formats Use the Chroma Key Inputs Menu to select and adjust chroma key
27. BUS 9B VIDEO KEY CQ CLEAN FEED VIDEO CQ PGMPST PREVIEW VIDEO SERIAL DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE SLOT D4 OPTION Bo AUX EFFECTS SEND BUS 1A VIDEO Bo AUX EFFECTS SEND BUS 1B KEY Boj AUX EFFECTS SEND BUS 2A VIDEO re AUX EFFECTS SEND BUS 2B KEY LS AUX EFFECTS SEND BUS 3A VIDEO 8 AUX EFFECTS SEND BUS 3B KEY Bo AUX EFFECTS SEND BUS 4A VIDEO Boj AUX EFFECTS SEND BUS 4B KEY SERIAL DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE SLOT D3 OPTION Q AUX BUS 5A VIDEO Q AUX BUS 5B VIDEO KEY Boj AUX BUS 6A VIDEO ro AUX BUS 6B VIDEO KEY re AUX BUS 7A VIDEO Q AUX BUS 7B VIDEO KEY LS AUX BUS 8A VIDEO Lg AUX BUS 8B VIDEO KEY SERIAL DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE SLOT D2 OPTION OUTPUTS FOR FUTURE EXPANSION Figure 1 5 Video and Key Outputs Optional Features Outputs Output modules are placed in both the upper and lower rear bays of the Signal Processing Frame The following module types are available m Serial Output Modules 5 optional each adding 8 outputs each with two BNCs m Analog Output Module 1 standard with RGB Y CR CB and Key outputs The standard Analog Output Module includes the following outputs m DSK Program Video m Switched Preview Video The optional Serial Output Modules include the following outputs m DSK Program Video and DSK Program Key m Mask Bus m Switched Preview Video m M E1and M E 2 Program Video m M E 1 Program Key Clean Feed Video switchable m M E 2 Program Ke
28. Bus outputs A 14 Output Shaped and Unshaped Video When the Effects Send option is not present the VIDEO KEY FMT selections are not visible in the menu AUX BUS SHAPING MENU config aux bus format aux bus shaping PHYSICAL LOGICAL AUX BUS1 AUX BUS 1 SHAPED AUX BUS 4 UNSHAPED EUN PHYS AUX VIDEO SELECT KEY FMT Figure A 24 Model 4000 and Model 2200 Aux Bus Shaping Menu Software 05 0 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Installation Considerations A 16 The concepts presented in this appendix are helpful when designing a video facility interconnecting equipment and configuring the equipment Keep the following points in mind when putting a system together When interconnecting devices the video output of the sending device and the video input of the receiving device must both be set for the same video format either shaped or unshaped If the sending device produces unshaped video but the receiving device expects shaped video the overlapping video will whiten the edges of the key If the sending device produces shaped video but the receiving device expects unshaped video a double multiply will occur in the keyer darkening the edges of the key If either device or the interconnect between them is analog it is best to use unshaped video on the interconnect If an additive keyer with noise coring exists in the receiving device shaped video is acceptable otherwise unshaped video mu
29. CONFIGURATION MENU contig USER SYSTEM EXTERN AUX BUS PREFS gt PARAM gt INPUTS gt OUTPUTS gt VF gt FORMATS gt To begin the setup process press the CONFG button on the Menu Display Subpanel to display the Configuration Menu and the sub menu choices m USER PREFS gt Set up operating parameters such as Keyer and Preview preferences and default switcher states m SYSTEM PARAMS gt Set aspect ratio the matte generator limiter and the system clock m INPUTS Define your inputs and name crosspoint buttons m OUTPUTS gt Adjust the luminance and chroma limiter settings on the switcher outputs m EXTERN I F gt Select or change settings for the Editor DPM and Peripherals Interfaces connected to the Model 4000 m AUX BUS FORMAT gt 5ets the B Aux Bus on Aux buses 5B 9B to be either a separate video or key bus to accompany the corresponding A Aux Bus Set Aux Buses 1 through 4 physical logical for shaped or unshaped video output 2 3 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 4 Configuration Sub Menus USER PREFERENCES Keyer Prefs Preview Prefs Beeper Prefs Define Defaults E MEM Prefs SYSTEM PARAMETERS Aspect Ratio Matte Gen Lim Set Clock Menus Date Time INPUTS MENUS Analog Video Inputs Analog Key Inputs Analog Input Timing Map Inputs and Name Crosspoint Button Chroma Key Inputs GPI Inputs Software Setup OUTPUTS MENU Output Digital
30. DISABLE GPI GPI1 MISC AUX TALLY 1 AUX BUS GPI 2 AT FF iredf ion Is sel 1 GPI 3 CUT ME 1 When the desired function is selected press PROGRAM GPI button to set the GPI 4 E MEM ME 1 12 selected GPI input to the GPI5 E MEM MSTR 26 selected function GPI 6 DISABLE GPI GPI 7 FRM STOR VIDEO GRAB GPI 8 E MEM RCL SEQ Choose from these 6 buttons to select various categories of GPI functions Then use the MISC GPI 1 FUNCTION SELECT knob to select a function AUX TALLY 12 GPI KF AUTO FRAME PROGRAM SELECT MISC EFFECT TRANS CUT E MEM STORE GPI 2 35 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 36 The types of GPI assignments currently available are Miscellaneous Aux Tallies Keyframe Effects Auto Transitions Cuts E MEM registers and Frame Stores as indicated by the button labels at the bottom of the display window One of these functions is always selected The selected function is indicated in parentheses under the FUNCTION SELECT knob label To assign the GPI inputs first press GPI SELECT to select the desired input Select the type of category to be assigned Misc Auto Trans etc by pressing the appropriate soft button Turn the FUNCTION SELECT knob to assign a specific function Aux Tally etc After the desired function has been selected for each GPI press PROGRAM GPI to enter the selection which is indicated in the display table
31. E MEM levels enabled there will be a keyframe on the master timeline corresponding to each and every keyframe on each enabled E MEM level B 1 Appendix B Keyframe Facts If the keyframes occur at different points in time on the various enabled E MEM levels it is possible that the keyframe durations on the Master Timeline will not match any of the individual E MEM keyframe durations The Master Timeline provides consistency so that when editing across multiple E MEM levels the relative keyframe positioning is maintained That is an Insert or Paste operation will increase the effect duration of all E MEM timelines by the same amount and all keyframes occurring after the insert point will ripple or slide out in time by the same duration A Cut operation will delete the same amount of time from each E MEM level timeline and all subsequent keyframes will ripple or slide inward in time by the same duration Whenever the state of the Enabled E MEM levels changes the Master Timeline is updated to reflect those changes Enables and Delegates B 2 The E MEM system is divided into functional levels Some or all of the levels contribute to the overall look of a given effect Those levels must run in sync with each other in order for the effect to look right When an effect is run from the E MEM panel all levels which contribute to the effect must be enabled All enabled levels will respond to run commands from the
32. M E for compositing with another image The composite that is generated can be fed back to the input of the frame store and re frozen Manipulation of the frozen image is provided through the Frame Store Menu Some of the operations that can be performed on the frozen video and key images are as follows Posterization video only Solarization video only Positioning Mosaic Reverse Video Color Substitution Hue Mod Color Mod Hue Rotate Crop Blur Mask Store Option The video key and mask outputs from the frame store are routed to the switcher crosspoint matrix and may be used as primary switcher inputs The mask channel output may also be used as a source for the mask generators The frame store outputs video and key are provided to output modules for use by external devices When shadow mode is selected panel controls provide adjustment of the horizontal and vertical offset of the shadow and the opacity of the shadow Mask Store Option NOTE You must have the Mask Store option and Software Version 5 2 installed in order to operate this function The primary function of the Mask Store option is storage of masks for masking keys The option provides a two field Mask Store allowing mask image storage and retrieval at a 10 bit resolution Masks can be derived from any video source or can be drawn with a drawing tablet Any video source available on the Mask Bus can be converted to a mask via clip
33. M E crosspoint and sends it to an external DPM The DPM output may then be used as an input to the switcher and may be selected on any bus on the control panel 1 Access the Aux Menu a Usethe LOG AUX SELECT button to select Aux 1 b Press the EFX LOOP MODE button and to select NO LOOP Select button M E 1 Key 1 from the row of EFFECTS SEND buttons This selects the Keyer output to be sent to the DPM Select Aux 1 from the row of BUS DELEGATE buttons The DPM output is now routed to the mapped crosspoint you mapped in Setup Select Aux Bus 2 on the row of Bus Delegate buttons and select M E 1 Key 1 as the source Frame Store Operations Option Frame Store Operations Option Setup The Frame Store function provides the ability to separately freeze and store video and key signals to use in building effects In addition the Drop Shadow feature lets you produce a positionable drop shadow when using Frame Store with a key source Other video enhancements include Mosaic Pseudo Color Filter Crop and Repositioning m Clear the switcher see Clearing the Switcher on page 4 4 m Map video and key store inputs to Aux Bus No 4 m Map video store to crosspoint 2 video and map key store to crosspoint 2 key m Optional map key store to the video input of crosspoint 3 in order to view the key store Output Routing Video and key outputs from the frame store are routed to the switcher crosspoint matrix a
34. ON MII ON CARD INP 37 INP 37 INP 39 INP 39 SELECT FORMAT SETUP FORMAT SETUP 2 Increment the CARD SELECT button until you reach the video input you want to assign There are2 video inputs per card In the menu above a format is assigned to the video inputs on Card 2 for inputs 37 and 39 3 After formatting the input you must determine whether the video input requires SETUP or NO SETUP Do this by selecting ON or OFF for each input The SETUP selection sets all outputs for a black level 7 5 IRE above blanking The NO SETUP selection puts black at blanking level 2 28 Software Setup Setting Analog Key Inputs Use the Analog Key Inputs Menu to select the component format for each analog key input 1 From the Inputs Menu press the ANLG KEY INPUTS gt button to select the Analog Key Inputs Menu as shown below ANALOG KEY INPUTS MENU config inputs anlg key inp INPUTS CARD 1 33 36 NO SETUP NO SETUP CARD 2 37 40 NO SETUP N SETUP CARD 3 41 44 NO SETUP NO SETUP CARD 4 45 48 NO SETUP NO SETUP CARD 5 49 52 NO SETUP NO SETUP CARD 6 53 56 NO SETUP NO SETUP CARD 7 57 60 NO SETUP NO SETUP CARD 8 61 64 NO SETUP NO SETUP Sra SETUP CARD 2 KEY SETUP KEY KEY SETUP CARD SELECT INP 38 INP 40 2 Increment the CARD SELECT button until you reach the key input you want to assign There are 2 key inputs per card Here
35. OR INPUTS 33 40 Q SLOT C12 SLOT C12 D OPTION OPTION o ANALOG INPUT MODULES SERIAL DIGITAL Q CELLS D14 AND OR D15 INPUT MODULE i SERIAL REENTRY MODULE OR INPUTS 41 46 Oo SLOT C11 SLOT C11 Oo OPTION OPTION uw Q ANALOG INPUT MODULES SERIAL DIGITAL CELLS D12 AND OR D13 INPUT MODULE INPUTS 49 56 SERIAL REENTRY MODULE OR SLOT C10 SLOT C10 OPTION OPTION ANALOG INPUT MODULES SERIAL DIGITAL CELLS D10 AND OR D11 INPUT MODULE SERIAL REENTRY MODULE OR INPETS 5764 SLOT C8 SLOT C8 OPTION OPTION CHROMA KEY INPUT MODULE SLOT D9 MES CHROMA KEY OPTION CHROMA KEYERS INPUT FORMATS RGB CHROMA KEY INPUT MODULE YUV SLOT D8 SMPTE OPTION BETA i ME 2 CHROMA KEY INPUT MODULE CHROMAKEVERS SLOT D7 OPTION Figure 1 4 Video and Key Inputs 1 13 Section 1 System Overview 1 14 SIGNAL PROCESSOR FRAME MODULE SLOT C17 STANDARD ANALOG OUTPUT FO FQ SWITCHED PREVIEW LO 01 2290 ro FQ DSK PGM VIDEO reo SERIAL DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE SLOT D6 STANDARD C3 mask e SWITCHED PREVIEW e DSK PROGRAM VIDEO e DSK PROGRAM KEY re M E 1 PROGRAM VIDEO t8 M E 1 PROGRAM KEY CLEAN FEED e M E 2 PROGRAM VIDEO e M E 2 PROGRAM KEY CLEAN FEED SERIAL DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE SLOT D5 OPTION E ME 1 PREVIEW VIDEO CQ WE 2 PREVIEW VIDEO LQ DSK PREVIEW VIDEO LQ DSK PROGRAM KEY TQ AUX BUS 9A VIDEO CQ AUX
36. Pattern either horizontally or vertically Pattern Modifiers Use SPLIT to split the pattern into two opposing directions SPLIT simultaneously performs a NORMAL and REVERSE wipe Usethe Horizontal and Vertical Multipliers to create up to seven vertical and or eight horizontal patterns Press and hold 1 2 second the Horiz or Vert Multiplier button to return to a single wipe pattern Wipe Operations M E CONFG MODE CHR KEYER KEY STAT WIPE KEY EMEM FRAME MASK MATTE FRAME STORE LAST MENU MISC PMET MAAR AE DISK Top Level Menu Buttons Pattern Mixing Use the Pattern Mix Mode to mix a selected wipe with either the M Es Secondary Wipe Generator if available or the selected wipes This example assumes you have the Secondary Wipe Generator if you do not select TEXTURE instead of NORMAL in Step 3 1 Press the WIPE Top Level Menu button on the Wipe Subpanel Press the PATTERN soft button to access the Wipe Pattern Menu 2 Select the M E 1 PRI wipe generator on the Wipe Pattern Menu Optional GVG Default Use the PTN MIX SOURCE button to select NORMAL Selects a mix between the primary and secondary wipe generators 3 Select circle pattern number 3 Select M E 1 SEC and choose box pattern number 23 4 Press the M E 1 Transition Wipe button 5 Move the Run lever between stops and verify the circle wipe transitions 6 Position the lever arm in the
37. SCOPE BUTTON 19 20 30 ME 2 o OO SB WO rp 20 21 31 PGM j eo 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 aja 21 22 SWITCHER BUTTON SET DEFAULTS 2 55 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Mapping DPM Aux Buses Set up the aux bus to device assignment as follows 1 From the DPM Setup Menu press DPM MAP AUX BUSES to access the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu DPM MAP AUX BUSES MENU NUMBER OF CHANNELS 2 config extern if dpm setup dpm map aux buses Connection of physical AUX buses to physical channels CHANNEL 1 AUX6 AUX 4 AUX 5 AUX 8 CHAN1 CHAN2 CHAN3 CHAN4 CHAN5 CHAN6 CHAN7 AUX 1 AUX 2 AUX 3 AUX 6 AUX 7 DPM 2 DEVICE SELECT 2 Select the desired device 1 through 4 by pressing the DEVICE SELECT button 3 For Kaleidoscope rotate the NUMBER OF CHANNELS knob assigning aux buses 1 through n to this device number Note that a Kaleidoscope device or other poolable DPM does not allow you to select a starting aux bus number other than Aux Bus 1 For example To use Kaleidoscope physical Channel D you must assign at least 4 physical aux buses to DPM use physical Aux 4 mapped to physical Channel D 2 56 Software Setup NOTE All aux buses assigned to a DPM must be in consecutive order 4 For DPM 100 or 700 set the NUMBER OF CHANNELS and CHANNEL 1 soft knobs
38. TO TIME EFF DUR INSRT BEFOR INSRT AFTER Clearing the Switcher It is best to reset the switcher to a known state before beginning any of these procedures Step 2 below clears all switcher areas except crosspoints To bring the switcher to a known state you will want to clear either all or just certain parts of the switcher The Clear Working Buffer CWB button is used to clear selected areas of the switcher s work buffer The CWB controls the areas that are delegated on the E MEM Subpanel First you must delegate the levels you wish to clear You can use ENABL ALL to insure you get all of them The CWB is located on the E MEM Subpanel The following clear functions are available First recall the GVG defaults to the Clear Working Buffer Select top menu Config User preferences Define default GVG defaults and Do save 2 Second enable all areas of the switcher to be cleared by selecting them in the E MEM Subpanel or press ENABL ALL to select all areas of the switcher 3 Toclear the Current Working Buffer except Keyers Single press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button E MEM Subpanel Clears Current Working Buffer CWB to user defined defaults The key memory portion of the CWB is unaffected for example video processing or clip and gain All non key memory parameters are cleared for enabled levels Starting Conditions 4 Toclear the Current Working Buffer including Keyers Double press of th
39. The various crosspoint buses on the switcher s control panel make up the Source Select Subpanel the large matrix of buttons that occupies the left 1 3 of the control panel which is used for connecting the video and key input buses to the crosspoint output buses that feed transition and effects circuits The pushbuttons at the intersections between the input buses and the output buses are called crosspoint buttons Crosspoint buses include the following m Aand B background buses and the Key buses on the M Es m PGM Program and PST Preset background buses and the DSK Downstream Keyer bus on the PGM PST DSK section m PVW Preview Mask Aux auxiliary buses The background buses feed the video mixers allowing you to select background sources and do transitions between them The key buses feed the keyers allowing you to set up keys which are also fed to the mixers for keying over the background Lastly the aux buses select signals and send them directly to switcher outputs for feeding external devices such as digital picture manipulators this makes the same inputs that are available to the switcher also available to the external devices 3 5 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Transitions A transition is a change from one video picture to another The switcher provides three methods for making video transitions m Cuts m Mixes m Wipes Cut Transition A cut is an instantaneous switch from one picture to another A b
40. Useful if your PGM monitor goes down signal is feed from the switched PVW output KEY PVW Displayed when PGM PST is selected Previews DSK 1 and DSK 2 keys over the PGM PST transition on the Preview Monitor Software Setup i ARES 1 M E 2 PGM Out PGM i Switcher i i Fixed M E 2 PVW Out PVW Lookahead WEE PVW Out PGM Out Low Tally Switcher AUTO Lookahead Hi Tally Switcher EX SIME Fixed PGM i In effect no PVW function enabled 1 Monitor per M E Figure 2 4 Preview Mode Configurations 2 15 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 16 Use the DIM PVW button to dim the preview of all keyers using a mask in that M E or PGM DSK or to turn off the preview dim function so that the preview never dims regardless of masking Assign a Dim Preview mode to one of the following ALL KEYERS the preview of all keyers using a mask in that M E or DSK will dim the Preview monitor DELEG KEYR only the keyer which is currently delegated and inserting a mask in that M E or DSK will dim the Preview monitor OFF preview never dims regardless of masking Press the PUSH TO PVW button to enable disable the push to preview mode for the entire switcher Hold down the key delegate button for example KEY 1 or KEY 2 on the Keyer panel of the appropriate keyer for 1 2 second or more to display
41. Valley CA 95945 xiii Conventions used in this manual xiv The following graphical and typestyle conventions are used throughout this manual The switcher model symbols shown below are located in the margin adjacent to major sections where only that model is discussed 2A or 2B zs symbol in the margin Conventions used in this manual Button References A control panel button is shown as follows AUTO SETUP Panel Knob References Similarly a control panel knob is shown as follows o Menu References Many Model 4000 features may be accessed via the menu display and its associated soft buttons and soft knobs The term soft means that the function of the button or knob is assigned via the currently displayed menu An illustration similar to the following may be used for reference when you need to access a function via the menu NOTE The menu illustrations in the rest of this manual do not show the soft buttons and knobs in order to add clarity to the illustration XV Soft Knobs _ 05 CHROMA KEY MENU FOREGROUND CORING ichrKey 7 50 IRE ME1KEY1 ON SHADOW GAIN ME 1 KEY 2 ON ME 2 KEY 1 ON ON VARIABLE ME2KEY2 ON o 50 SHADOW CLIP 50 VARIABLE e FIXED CHR KEY FOREGROUND BACKGROUND FOREGROUND SECONDARY HUE KEY SELECT VIDEO VIDEO CORING COLOR MODS gt ADJUST gt SETUP gt tH sns n nsus su POI Buttons Pn Te
42. and PST Keys do not have Fill Mattes or Border Mattes The Model 4000 3 Switcher provides three full function mix effects systems and a program preset mixer with a dual downstream keyer The full function control panel is designed to meet live broadcast requirements with its undelegated key bus a separate E MEM section for each M E and up to 48 video or key inputs accessed directly from the control panel crosspoints Effects animation functionality may be used to build and run a sequence of effects Effects are stored in E MEM registers as a list of keyframes see Section for a definition of Keyframes The E MEM register operations are used to learn recall copy and link effect registers Basic Architecture Up to 64 physical external inputs may be configured Forty eight of these inputs may be mapped to switcher crosspoint buttons and used as video and or key sources Internal sources are also available such as Black Masks Color Bars and Background The layout of the Control Panel is logically structured for efficient control of video signals The Menu Display Subpanel allows quick changes to switcher system parameters 1 3 Section 1 System Overview Standard Features 14 Mix Effects Systems m 4000 3 Three full Mix Effects Subsystems m 4000 2A 2B Two full Mix Effects Subsystems Down stream Keyer on 2A functionally equivalent to M E ex cept for Chroma Key and no Fill or Border Mattes on PG
43. available on the DSK and Program Preset systems Submodules mount on the M E 1 M E2 M E3 and DSK Mix Wipe Modules for enhancing the mix effect systems Description of Options Frame Store Using software version 5 3 and later the Frame Store option takes the output of an M E Keyer sends it to the Frame Store module then returns the output of the Frame Store to the Mix Wipe circuit of the same M E in the switcher This provides the effect of inserting the Frame Store right into the M E between the Keyer and the Mix Wipe systems Effects Send Clean Feed Effects Send provides a method of integrating digital effects devices into the switcher mix effects system Up to four send channels can be used to route the video and key from an M E to and from an external digital effects system A DSK clean feed video output of the wipe mix signals the two background bus video signals without any keys added is provided by one of the optional Serial Digital Output Modules Look Ahead Preview Lookahead Preview functionality with Auto Follow and Push to Preview is provided for both M Es with this option Submodules mount on the M E Mix Wipe Modules 1 21 Section 1 System Overview 1 22 Tally Relay The Tally Relay module provides external tally outputs that reflect the switcher status A rear panel interconnect board provides the relay contacts on two connectors for on air Tally A and on air Tally B Pinouts for the
44. be keyed If lighting variations exist try the Auto Setup at different cursor locations 2 Press the AUTO SETUP menu or panel button a second time to initiate the setup When setup sequence completes the cursor disappears and a partially set up key appears Continue setup with Optimization Adjustments on page 4 38 or manually adjust the Key using the Basic Manual Adjustment procedure found in the following text Chroma Keying Operations Basic Manual Adjustment If you prefer you may perform the initial adjustments manually Following these steps once or twice gives you a feel for what Auto Setup does for you in a few seconds 1 On the control panel set the Key CLIP and GAIN approximately in the middle of their ranges On the control panel set SHDW ON to off BKGD SUPR to on set the LUMA suppression to minimum and CHROMA suppression about mid way Set SELECTIVITY to maximum a Inthe CHR KEY menu set FOREGROUND VIDEO and BACKGROUND VIDEO to on and FOREGROUND CORING to FIXED b Inthe CHR KEY SECONDARY COLOR menu set SEC COLOR SUPPRESS to off c Inthe CHR KEY CK HUE MODIFIERS menu set SEP HUE SUPPRESS FLARE SUPPRESS and FGD NOISE SUPPRESS to off d Inthe CHR KEY KEY ADJUST menu set KEY WIDTH KEY SOFTNESS KEY POSITION FGD RESHAPE and KEY S SHAPING to off Set the Chroma Keyer HUE for the approximate background color using the panel s hue indicators Observe the key waveform by depressing SHOW KEY d
45. be tempted to skip over this section especially if you are an experienced switcher operator Nevertheless we suggest that you to browse it anyway because it explains operating concepts that help you more fully understand how the switcher works Items discussed in this section include the following m Clear Working Buffer on page 3 2 m Auto Delegation on page 3 4 m Crosspoint Bus on page 3 5 m Transitions on page 3 6 m Keys on page 3 9 m Shaped and Unshaped Video on page 3 12 m Super Black on page 3 14 m Chroma Key on page 3 15 m Coring on page 3 16 m Layering on page 3 17 m E MEM Effects Memory on page 3 18 m Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing on page 3 21 m Effects Send Option on page 3 23 m Frame Store Option on page 3 24 m Mask Store Option on page 3 25 3 1 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Clear Working Buffer 3 2 The Current Working Buffer CWB is an area of system memory that stores the current switcher state That is it tracks the settings of switch and variable control functions on the control panel as well as those of many switch and control functions set in the menus When an E MEM recall is done the data in the recalled E MEM Register is loaded into the Current Working Buffer which sets the switcher parameters of all enabled levels to match those stored in the first keyframe of an E MEM effect The GVP Factory Default of the CWB is a set of switcher parameters stored in memory th
46. by directory file name or file extension Delete files and directories Format Diskettes 1 Press the main menu DISK button to bring up the main Disk menu NOTE It will take a few seconds before the Disk menus display The disk system does a self test during that period Insert a diskette into the disk drive in the upper control panel of the switcher Make sure the write protect on the diskette is off From the Disk menu press UTILS gt to invoke the Disk Utilities Menu Do not press CHILD DIRECTORY at this time If the disk is already formatted skip to Saving Files If not proceed as follows a From the Utilities menu press either FORMAT 720K or FORMAT 1 44M as appropriate b Press DO FORMAT 4 83 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 84 Creating Directories and Files In this procedure you create two new directories one for E MEM files and one for Configuration files Then you will create one E MEM file and one Configuration file 1 Inserta formatted diskette into the disk drive 2 Select the DISK Utility Menu From the Utility Menu press CREATE DIR gt to invoke the Name Directory Menu 3 Inthe Name Directory Menu use the soft knobs to select the characters E MEM in the File Name box then press the ACCEPT NAME button Confirm the name with a Yes when the Confirm Create Dir Menu displays 4 RepeatStep 3 this time naming a new directory called Config Store and
47. changed by inserting keyframes after the last keyframe or before the first one The first and last keyframes cannot be deleted in this mode as they determine the length of the effect When you do a Cut in Constant Duration mode the duration of the removed keyframe is added to the duration of the previous keyframe The Time Cursor remains positioned at the point of deletion Using Path Types To Change An Effect You can change the appearance of a effect or parts of an effect by changing the path type Path type selection is the way you can control parameter changes between keyframes The path type set in the Keyframe Path Menu determines the type of interpolation that occurs between keyframes of an effect Each functional group of each keyframe can have its own path type The available path types are Hold Linear S Linear and Curve When LINEAR is selected with the PATH TYPE soft button in the Keyframe Menu linear interpolation is applied to each parameter that changes between one keyframe and the next This provides constant motion with no acceleration or deceleration The S LINEAR path type involves accelerating and decelerating the parameters The change to each parameter begins from a complete stop at the starting keyframe slowly leaves that keyframe moves faster through the midrange of the keyframe duration then decelerates as it approaches the destination keyframe and comes to a complete stop at the keyframe The S
48. does the following m Initializes the graphics tablet m Enables all Mask Store Menu functions m Sets Freeze mode to ON if it was OFF Frame Stores panel NOTE If DRAW was ON before connecting the graphics tablet you need to initialize the tablet by turning DRAW OFF then ON again 4 80 Frame Store Operations Option Mask Draw Using Key Channel Software Version 5 2 and later allows the Mask Draw feature to be used in a Model 2200 Switcher the Model 2200 does not have a Mask Store module available or in a Model 4000 Switcher which does not have the Mask Store Option installed This mode of operation uses the Key portion of the new Frame Store module to freeze a mask After being set up operation is controlled by the Frame Store and Mask control panels and the Frame Store and Mask Store menus NOTE The new Frame Store module 064814 04 or later is required for this mode of operation To use the Key Store as a Mask Store 1 Connect the graphics tablet to the Model 2200 or Model 4000 control panel as described in the previous section 2 Map the Key Store output to a primary video input using the Map Inputs Menu 3 Press the Inhibit Mask or Force Mask button on the desired keyer panel to delegate the Mask panel to that keyer 4 Select MASK BUS on the Mask panel as the mask source for keying Do not select MASK STORE 5 Setup the key on that M E as desired Section 4 Switcher Operati
49. entering a new transition rate as in Step 4 above 6 Forcean end to the sequence by turning off LRN OR 7 To create a looping sequence select register 23 again to make it the last register in the sequence 8 Press LRN or SEQ again to complete the learn sequence Section 4 Switcher Operations Play Back the Sequence 1 Press SEQ 2 Press BANK 2 then 3 register 23 which is the first register in the sequence built above 3 The sequence will execute Undo Function The UNDO button revokes the most recent E MEM operation To undo an accidental recall press UNDO immediately after the recall The panel setup prior to the recall will be restored You can switch back to the recalled setup again by pressing UNDO a second time Repeated toggling between the two effects is possible To undo a learn press UNDO immediately after the learn The previous contents of the affected register will be restored 4 52 Keyframe Operations Keyframe Operations The switcher can store more than one switcher state a keyframe on each enabled level in a single E MEM register A series of keyframes in an E MEM register is called an effect Once stored in E MEM memory an effect can be recalled and caused to transition run between keyframes either manually or automatically There are two parts to this section The Basic Editing section describes creating storing and modifying keyframes in an E MEM effect
50. keyframe the Insert operation used the on the path rule that is a new keyframe was added at that point in time on each delegated level subtracting the added keyframe s duration from the current keyframe s duration Therefore the added keyframe did not add to the overall duration of that timeline With software version 5 2 the system makes decisions as to whether to use the on a keyframe or on the path rules based on whether keyframes are present on the delegated levels not whether they are present on the Master Timeline 4 57 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 58 The new rules are as follows m If no delegated level has a keyframe at the current time location of cursor an Insert operation does an insert on the path on each delegated level As before an insert on the path does not increase the overall length of the timelines m If any delegated level has a keyframe at the current time an Insert operation does an insert on a keyframe on each delegated level An insert on a keyframe increases the length of the timeline of each delegated level s by the duration of the inserted keyframe equalto the duration of the current keyframe on the Master Timeline Note that in Constant Duration mode inserting on a keyframe is inhibited because that would add to the duration of the delegated timeline These new rules apply to all corresponding Insert Paste and Mod operations Changing An Existing Key
51. middle of its travel 7 Turn on PATTERN MIX Wipe Subpanel and adjust the pattern mix controls between limits 4 15 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 16 Learning User Wipes If you develop a wipe setup that you like and you want to save it temporarily you can do so using the User 1 6 buttons on the Wipe Subpanel 1 Press LEARN USER WIPE followed by one of the six User buttons such as USER 1 The current wipe setup including Border Edge and Aspect settings will be stored in the User button you selected 2 Torecallastored user wipe simply press the appropriate User button The wipe system will immediately recall the wipe setup previously stored in that User register Recalls one pattern at a time NOTE If you press a User Wipe button that hasn t been learned that button won t light In that case the current wipe settings remain in effect 3 Ifyoulearna wipe into a User Wipe button or do a User Wipe recall by mistake you can undo the learn or recall by pressing USER WIPE UNDO immediately following the learn or recall NOTE User Wipes are a temporary scratch pad and are not stored in E MEM Wipe Operations Figure 4 3 Pattern Mix Transition Example 2 The effect shown in Figure 4 6 was created as follows Primary Wipe Generator creates the circle wipe Secondary Wipe Generator is used to create a random matrix wipe 4 17 Section 4 Switcher Operations Fi
52. normally enable all levels that contribute to the overall effect When you want to make changes to individual levels you should delegate only those levels and perform the operation Insert Before Insert After Mod Cut Paste etc Only the delegated levels will be modified Those levels which are enabled but not delegated will not be modified 4 55 Section 4 Switcher Operations 1 Recallthe effect you created previously 2 REWIND the effect to keyframe 1 3 With the M E 1 background key still enabled select another wipe pattern and fly it around the monitor 4 PressINSRT BEFOR You have just created a new keyframe 1 The old keyframe 1 is now 2 the old 2 keyframe becomes 3 You get the idea 5 Press GOTO KF Press 3 E MEM Keypad ENTER to go to keyframe 3 6 Repeat Step 3 with yet another wipe pattern 7 Press INSRT AFTER You have just created new keyframe 4 after keyframe 3 Insert A Keyframe when on the path between keyframes Inserting a keyframe on the path means that you are placing a new keyframe somewhere on the timeline between two keyframes The new keyframe is placed at the current time cursor position The duration of the new keyframe is the difference between the insertion point and the next keyframe position The previous keyframe duration is decreased by the same amount The overall effect duration is not changed NOTE You can only INSRT A
53. now contributes to the switcher PGM output In fact all crosspoints on the panel that contribute to PGM output will high tally b As an alternative to using the lever arm press M E 1 AUTO TRAN to do an automatic mix transition To pause an auto transition in progress press AUTO TRAN again while the mix is taking place To resume the transition press it a third time You can also start a transition with the lever arm and finish it with an auto transition or vice versa This may leave both green direction arrows ON on the transition panel This indicates a dead lever arm Simply move the lever arm to either limit to clear the arrows and regain lever arm control 4 9 Section 4 Switcher Operations Starting Video Midway Transition Ending Video Figure 4 1 Background Mix Dissolve Transition 4 10 Wipe Operations Wipe Operations The wipe usually signals the end of one scene and the beginning of another A wipe is a transition between two video signals that takes the shape of a pattern The effect is that of one picture pushing the other off the screen Background Wipe A background wipe Figure 4 2 uses a pattern to transition from one picture to another To wipe between M E 1 A and B bus TRANSITION EFF EFF EFF EFF sources SEND SEND SEND SEND 5 LJ z Lj 1 Select Source 1 on the A bus background crosspoint row LAYERED OVER OVER E E 3 Select the BKGD A Transition button
54. signal levels where the key is at or near zero Kaleidoscope ignores these extraneous signals but they may cause problems with other video devices that have sync separators or clamps Therefore it is recommended that analog connections to Kaleidoscope inputs be made directly from the 3000 Aux Bus outputs That is don t route the video through DAs or similar devices A 13 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video When the Effects Send option is not present the SHAPED UNSHAPED selections for the Aux Buses are not visible in the menu OUTPUTS MENU LUM CLIP config outputs 105IRE CHROMA CLIP S 4059 OFF SHAPED 105 OFF SHAPED OFF SHAPED PUNSHAPED COMPOSITE CLIP 138 IRE ON SHAPED ON BLACK CLIP rem TE oer OFF ac OUTPUT SUPER SETUP VIDEO KEY DIGITAL SELECT BLACK ON KEY FMT LIMITER RES gt Figure A 23 Model 3000 Outputs Menu Software v5 0 For the Model 4000 or Model 2200 1 Press the CONFG button on the switcher s main menu panel then the AUX BUS FORMAT gt soft button in the Configuration menu and the AUX BUS SHAPING button in the Aux Bus Format menu to bring up the Aux Bus Shaping menu shown in Figure A 24 2 Setthe VIDEO KEY FMT selections for Aux Buses 1 through 4 Aux 1 and 2 on the 2200 to match the characteristic SHAPED or UNSHAPED expected by the external devices connected to those outputs These settings control the states of the unshapers on the Aux
55. the M E look ahead preview along with the selected keyer output on the switched preview monitor When the key delegate button is released the preview display remains on for a programmed time out period as set by the PUSHTO PREVIEW TIMEOUT soft knob before reverting to its original state PUSH TO PREVIEW TIMEOUT Sets how long the preview will remain on after you have released the key delegate button The default value for the auto preview timeout is 3 seconds Any adjustments to clip or gain resets the time out thus maintaining the auto preview mode while making clip and gain adjustments Software Setup Beeper Preferences You may wish to customize the beeper alert system Beeper preferences are selected on the Configuration User Preferences Menu Beeper Preferences Menu shown below BEEPER ON OFF Use to enable or disable the beeper alert system WARNING Use to enable or disable beeper warnings For example On the Keyer Copy Menu if you try to copy M E1 Key 1 to M E 1 Key 1 copy a key onto itself you will get a beep with Beeper Prefs selection WARNING ON END OF KNOB Enable or disable the beeper alert that sounds when the knob is turned to either end of its range KNOB CENTER Enable or disable the beeper alert that sounds when the knob is turned to the center of its range INACTIVE KNOB Enable or disable the beeper alert for knobs turned off during the current switcher state BEEP
56. the control panel Section 2 Startup and Configuration Describes turning on the system and verifying its operating parameters including software configuration setups Section 3 Switcher Concepts Describes basic and advanced switcher operating concepts Section 4 Switcher Operations Step by step procedures on basic switcher operations Appendices Glossary Index xi Related Documents The following manuals comprise the entire set that may be used with the Model 4000 series switcher Operation Reference e Installation and Service e Installation Planning Guide Parts List Drawings Manual e Serial Protocols Manual There are also various Options Manuals Application Notes Field Mod Notes and Release Notes available for the Model 4000 and other Grass Valley products These documents are listed on the Tektronix Grass Valley Products web page see Customer Service Information on the back side of the Title Page or you can contact your Grass Valley Customer Service Representative for ordering information How To Use This Manual xii Begin by reading the System Overview section so that you will be familiar with the basic terminology used in this manual and the structure of the hardware software system Next turn on the system as described in the Startup and Configuration section and verify the switcher parameters set up for your site or studio It is assumed that the system has been installed accordin
57. the desired E EMEM level for the selected GPI number 4 Usethe LENGTH soft knob to select in number of fields the required GPI duration Use this to set the duration of GPI output triggers 5 Repeat Steps 1 through 3 for other GPIs 2 43 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 44 DPM Configurations Digital Picture Manipulators DPMs are external video devices connected to the switcher In this discussion reference is also made to DPM levels which are E MEM levels into which DPM associated information is learned The combined system capabilities of the switcher and DPMs depend on m The video connection m The capabilities of the DPM m The control connection It is not necessary to have a control connection from the switcher to a DPM however the highest level of system integration is achieved where there is a control connection The Video Connection Aux Buses and Return Inputs A normal video signal path consists of an aux bus output from the switcher feeding a DPM input and the DPM output returned to a switcher input which is mapped to a switcher source select button The video path through a DPM introduces a video delay into the system For example Kaleidoscope introduces a 2 field video delay NOTE If the video delay is not set correctly there will be a glitch in the video upon entering Effects Send mode Software Setup There are four steps in configuring the video path m Aux bus
58. to a line drawn between adjacent keyframes see illustration The TENSION soft knob controls the length of the tension vector At a Tension setting of 0 this imaginary line extends an equal distance into and out of the keyframe and the path through the middle keyframe is curved The unmodified KF2 is said to have a correction value of 0 see Example 1 Example 1 _ Tension Vector KF1 nm KF2 N Tension 0 0 KF3 Keyframe Path Control In Example 2 the TENSION control is increased to 1 00 so that the Tension vector is shortened to non existence through KF2 The path enters and leaves the middle keyframe in a straight line as it takes on an S Linear motion decelerating as it enters the middle keyframe and accelerating as it leaves Example 2 No Tension Vector xr KF2 Tension 1 0 KF3 B 7 Appendix B Keyframe Facts In Example 3 the TENSION control has been set to 1 00 This produces an effect of lengthening the Tension vector causing the path through the middle keyframe to be longer and broader The longer path will appear to make the image speed up through KF2 as it travels from KF1 to KF3 Example 3 KF1 B 8 _ Tension Vector Tension 1 0 KF3 Keyframe Path Control Continuity Control The continuity adjustment determines the angle of the path into and out of the keyframe It is represented by vectors at 90
59. to note that these menu setups affect only the PVW output connectors and the PVW Monitor s PREVIEW PREFS MENU PUSH TO PREVIEW TIMEOUT config user prefs preview prefs 3 secs M E 1 M E 2 PGM PST PGM LOOKAHEAD OFF PGM ALL KEYERS OFF AUTO ALL kevers M E 2 OOKA PGM DELEG KEYER OFF PVW SELECT PVW MODE DIM PUSH TO PVW PVW Use the PVW SELECT button to select the switcher subsystem M E 1 M E 2 or PGM PST that you wish to set preview options for Use the PVW MODE button to select the preview mode desired for the selected switcher subsystem 2 13 Section 2 Startup and Configuration NOTE Theoptional M E Preview Mezzanine must be installed for each MSE in order to select AUTO and LOOKAHEAD Preview Modes These selections will not be displayed in the menu if the mezzanine board is not installed The Preview Mode choice depends on how many monitors you have per M E and how you wish to use them see Figure 2 2 AUTO Use this mode to automatically toggle between PGM and PVW next transition when a single M E monitor is used A high tally on the M E displays PVW output A low tally on the M E displays PGM output LOOKAHEAD Use to review whatis going on air next Always shows the next transition of the selected M E PGM Use this selection to have the PGM output of the M E or PGM DSK displayed on the Preview monitor
60. with Auto Run Auto Recall and Effects Dissolve in the Normal mode Auto Recall Auto Recall ON Switcher recalls learned enables before recalling the effect m Auto Recall OFF Switcher does not recall the learned enables The Switcher recalls only what is currently enabled on the Control Panel Auto Run m Auto Run ON After the effect is recalled it runs if the effect has multiple keyframes stored m Auto Run OFF After the effect is recalled it waits at the first keyframe Effects Dissolve Effects Dissolve ON or ON when Learned Switcher applies a dissolve from the Switcher s current state or register to the register being recalled Effects Dissolve OFF and OFF when Learned Switcher does nothing E MEM Effects Memory Operations 300 Style Mode 3 M E Switchers Only In 300 Style mode when you do a Learn or Recall the Master E MEM allows individual M Es to skew registers that is allows M Es to point to different registers than the Master E MEM is pointing and allows the Master E MEM to learn the individual M E s skewed register numbers This operation does not change the content of those skewed M E registers because the operation does not write the current M E settings into those registers You must independently learn the M E settings into the individual M E E MEMs Registers that are Learned using the Model 300 Style mode have an M in the Master E MEM display as a mode identifier
61. 0 and areas where there is video key 0 even though the video is Black Super Black accomplishes this by making the areas where the key 0 a lower value than Black that is blacker than Black Advantages of using a Super Black Output m You can use one tape machine to record shaped video which is video that has been multiplied by a key The key shape is encoded on the edges of the video m By keying the return shaped video in self key luminance key mode and setting the keyer clip between super black and black you can recover the video fill and drop shadows that may be present in the video Using the Super Black Output Drawbacks of using a Super Black Output m The reconstruction of the video and key is rarely perfect and quite a bit of control adjustment is necessary to produce the best results m Keying from Super Black produces a hard edged key only No shadows softness or transparency can be used Generating Super Black The basic equations for a Super Black Signal are as follows Super Black Output Input Key Input Video Super Black Value Super Black Value When the Input Key Value is 0 Super Black Output Super Black Value When the Input Key Value is 1 Super Black Output Input Video When the key is in between 0 and 1 you get a linear mix between the Super Black Value and Input Video NOTE The following two methods of generating a Super Black output are mutually exclusive If yo
62. 0 2205 4 50 SETUP oa eta eden sesto cp Stein e s 4 51 Basic E MEM Operations 6 0 c eee eens 4 51 Enabling E MEM Register Levels 0000005 4 51 Learn Enables ecco Ree ed ceed e isk ERE Eres 4 51 Recall Enables 4er ee Rupe HE Rp Ree Rea 4 52 Storing an Effect ssr eerie e WAS Cody Tenk e EE eee nas 4 52 Recalling an Effect 0 0 0 0 6 0 cece eee eens 4 53 Learning Effects Dissolve Transitions 4 4 53 E MEM Learn Sequence Operations 0005 4 54 Undo Function sese poeni eroii pieier ceert ichs eren eda 4 55 Keyframe Operations esters nuia t smenaga k aih aea ai 4 56 Setup seit ice eos vci eie a ES 4 56 Basic Editing teretes Ue eae e aE 4 56 Learn Keyframes aserton ri ieii u eee 4 57 Advanced Keyframe Editing ssslllsssesssess 4 58 Version 5 2 and later software changes 4 4 60 Working With Keyframe Timelines 004 4 62 Setting and Adjusting Start Times 06 4 64 Zoom and Pan Timeline Effects 0 000 cee 4 65 Cut Copy and Paste Keyframes 000 000s eee 4 67 Effects Editing with Get and Put 006 4 68 Constant Duration Mode cece eee eens 4 69 Using Path Types To Change An Effect 4 4 69 Effects Send Operations Option 66 4 71 SETUP a a se p ea Ea dea ace Spade 4 71 Effects Send Looping Mode 660 c cece eee eee ee
63. 11 Preset Pattern Key icis ee eek peer EP E REY 3 11 Shaped and Unshaped Video 6 cece eens 3 12 Input Shaped and Unshaped Video 0 0 2 3 13 Output Shaped and Unshaped Video 0005 3 13 Super Black aes epe iac niai ie e teda dc a oet 3 14 Chroma CY i che na ei ia cem ue ede det e eie ipee quse pond 3 15 Contents Gl uDA p LE 3 16 Layer ese ek d P uae ad e pep ee dace eese Yael eee 3 17 E MEM Effects Memory ssssssssss eee 3 18 Effects and Keyframes ecri rirss riaus ea iie E 3 18 Enables and Delegates Lercreecdercesrrisriosik deyi tupite ee 3 19 Enables and Delegates Button Tallies 04 3 20 Keyframing Timelines Effects Editing 0 3 21 Effects Editing Definitions 0 e cece cee ene 3 21 Timeline Men resci ire RUE HERE doves ERE ERE RS 3 22 Effects Send Option sss 3 23 Frame Store Option sssssssee nn 3 24 Mask Store Option ise Re rre e e e omi 3 25 Section 4 Switcher Operations About this Secho sessen er Rete IER Hedy EE AF REPRE EE 4 1 Starting Conditions 2 nee ene 4 2 Switcher Hardware Setup 6 c cece ec nren nren 4 2 Clearing the Switcher 06 6 4 4 Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations 20 eee uae 4 6 Background Cut iie anen n Eaa a 4 6 Background Mix 06 6 ia Aea E a 4 9 Wipe Op rations coc yee eR Sete PRSE e TE E ed Rs 4 11 Background
64. 2 Preset Bus 3 6 Pattern Effects 4 28 Preview Preferences setting 2 13 Program bus 3 6 PUSH TO PVW button 2 16 PVW MODE button 2 13 SELECT button 2 13 R Register pushbuttons 4 49 Remote Aux Bus 1 22 S Secondary Wipe Generator 1 20 Serial Output Modules 1 15 Setting Date and Clock 2 24 Dither 2 39 Field Dominance 2 22 Output Resolution 2 39 Peripheral Port BAUD rate 2 63 Shaped and Unshaped Video Configuring A 3 Definition A 1 Index 5 Index Installation A 16 Output A 13 Signal Processor Frame physical description 1 6 SOFTNESS 4 13 S shaping 3 10 Starting Conditions 4 2 Superblack C 1 Advantages C 2 Definition C 1 Drawbacks C 2 Generating C 3 C 5 Output C 2 System Defaults Aspect Ratio 2 21 Defining 2 18 System Parameter Setting 2 21 T Tally Relay 1 22 Time Cursor 3 22 Setting Clock 2 25 Timed Aux Output 1 22 Timeline Master 4 59 Pan 4 62 Start Times 4 61 Zoom 4 62 Transition definition 3 6 Key 4 28 Mix Effects 4 6 Index 6 U Unshaped Video definition A 1 User Preferences Setting 2 9 User Defined Default Buffer 3 2 V Video Process functional description 1 16 Video Frozen image 3 24 View Files and Directories 4 87 W WIDTH 4 13 Wipe Background 4 11 Definition 3 8 Transition 4 28 Z Zoom Keyframe 4 63
65. 2 42 Configuring GPI Outputs 6 6 eee eee 2 43 DPM Configurations seene e ii e ai ee 2 44 The Video Connection Aux Buses and Return Inputs 2 44 DPM Capabilities Fixed and Pooled 4 2 45 Control Connection eenei eea ei aa ee enn 2 50 Configuring the DPM Interface 066 cece eee eee 2 52 Kaleidoscope Source Button Mapping 22005 2 55 Mapping DPM Aux Buses 6 0 ccc cece cece 2 56 Example 1 Switcher to Kaleidoscope Configuration 2 97 Example 2 Switcher to Kaleidoscope Configuration 2 58 Mapping DPM Inputs ceas ccc rimis iais asas 2 60 Mapping DPM Returns ssssssseseeeeeeel 2 61 Configuring the Peripheral Interface ssssus 2 63 Assigning Peripheral Trigger 00 c ee eeee 2 63 Formatting Aux Buses 6066 c cece eee eee eee 2 66 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Clear Working Bullet iis cse Rte ERES REREURED E ER 3 2 Clear Work Buffer Operation Modes 0 0 0002 e eee 3 3 Auto Delegation sess sec hes bn met pe ce e bte Ree 3 4 CrosspOint BUS 6 octet pecie seb nti E eae B TranstHons 4 2 shoe tienda Sy Died acad eie e v bete dotis 3 6 C t Transitions ssai ei d ed tes pub acetic putet eee ee 3 6 Mix Transition 6 6 nnn 3 6 Wipe Transition 06 eee 3 8 C a ae EE 3 9 Luminance Key ia cse ses sik cese indeni erri Re t c 3 9 Linear Key ic bele bhi hhc Ree CREE p Y Raed e Rp e pne 3
66. 4 on the path 4 56 Operations 4 53 Pan 4 63 Paste 4 64 Path Control B 4 Put 4 65 Timelines 4 59 Zoom 4 63 Keyframe Path Menu 4 66 Types Curve 4 67 Hold 4 67 Linear 4 66 S Linear 4 66 Krystal setup 2 53 L Levels in Effects Editing Control Factors 3 19 Delegated 3 19 Enabled 3 19 Types 3 19 Lever Arm 4 28 Mix 4 9 Linear Key 4 24 Look Ahead Preview 1 21 LUM KEY 4 24 Luminance Key 3 9 4 24 M E SELECT button 2 18 Map Inputs 2 31 Mask Store Draw Mode 4 77 Draw Option 4 79 Mask Draw Setup 4 80 Index Mask Draw Using Key Channel 4 81 Masking a Key 4 78 Option 3 25 4 77 Softening the Image 4 79 Master Timeline 3 22 4 59 B 1 Matte Effects 4 22 Menus E MEM User Preferences 300 Mode 3 M E Only 2 20 Normal Mode 2 20 Mix Background 4 9 Definition 3 6 Lever Arm 4 9 N Non Shaped Video A 2 O on a keyframe 4 55 on the path 4 56 Options BORDERLINE Edge Generation 1 20 Chromatte Advanced Keyer 1 20 Clean Feed 1 21 Effects Send 1 21 4 68 Frame Store 1 21 3 24 4 71 Look Ahead Preview 1 21 Mask Store 3 25 4 77 Remote Aux Bus 1 22 Secondary Wipe Generator 1 20 Tally Relay 1 22 Timed Aux Output 1 22 Output Resolution setting 2 39 Outputs Configuring 2 38 Superblack C 2 P Pan Keyframe 4 63 Paste Keyframe 4 64 Pattern Modifiers 4 13 Peripheral Bus set triggers 2 63 Interface configuration 2 63 Port BAUD Rate 2 63 Trigger assigning 2 63 Power Supplies physical description 1 1
67. 4 52 User Preference 300 Mode 2 20 Menu 2 19 Normal Mode 2 20 External Interface Configuring 2 41 F Fade to Black 4 19 Features Optional 1 5 Standard 1 4 Field Dominance setting 2 22 Field Modes Frame Store 4 74 Fill Luminance Key 3 9 Floppy Disk Drive Deleting Files and Directories 4 88 Loading Configuration Files 4 87 Loading E MEM Files 4 86 Name A Config File 4 85 Name An E MEM File 4 84 Store A Config file 4 85 Store An E MEM file 4 84 View Files and Directories 4 87 Frame Store 1 21 Dropshadow Mode 4 75 Field Modes 4 74 Freeze Mode 4 74 Grab Mode 4 75 Menu frozen images 3 24 Option 3 24 4 71 Output Routing 4 71 Recursive Effect 4 72 Still Image Storage 4 72 Freeze Mode Frame Store 4 74 G Gain Adjustments 4 25 Control 3 10 GPI Inputs Assigning 2 35 Menu 2 35 Index 3 Index GPI Outputs Assigning 2 43 Menu 2 43 Grab Mode Frame Store 4 75 Graphics Tablet Mask Store Option 4 79 GVP DEFAULT button 2 19 Factory default settings 3 2 INH MASK button 4 26 Insert A Keyframe on a keyframe 4 55 on the path 4 56 INV ert button 4 26 K Kaleidoscope Configure 2 52 Pooled device 2 46 Setup 2 48 Sources Mapping DPM 2 55 Key Frozen Image 3 24 Source 3 9 Transition 4 28 KEY MEMORY Button 2 11 Keyer Preference setting 2 11 Keyframe Advanced editing 4 55 Copy 4 64 Cut 4 64 Editing 4 53 Effects Relative Positioning B 2 Get 4 65 Learn 4 54 on a keyframe 4 55 Index
68. AND SERIALOUTPUT MODULES MIX EFFECTS n PROCESSOR I CONTROL Signal PROCESSOR diced Processor Frame Power Supply CONTROL PANEL CONTROL PANEL POWER SUPPLY Control Panel Figure 1 1 Simplified Block Diagram of the Model 4000 1 7 Section 1 System Overview Control Panel The Control Panel is the operator interface for the Model 4000 system The operator performs all actions via buttons and knobs and a software driven menu Menu ro krame Top Level Menu Display Subpanel Subpanel Buttons Subpanel Grass mem m5 FI Disk r rive oa MAI est EEEEEEEEEEEEEELEE BEE s EEEEEELEEELEELELELEE E EEEEEELEEEEEEELIEE EEEEEEEEELEELELEEE EEEEEELELEEELEELELEEE E EEEEEELELEEELEELEE E gt EEEEEEEEEEELELLEEE E 2 s EEEEEELEEELEEELEE ELLELEEELELELEELLELEEE GE EEFEEEEELEEEEELLEELT EE Source Selection Transition Subpanels 1 8 Optional Features The Control Panel also provides connectors for a status terminal and the data link to the Signal Processor Frame Refer to Figure 1 2 Masks Wipe Subpanel Subpanel tc 9 oo 3 amp He Preview Mask Chroma Aux Bus Keyers N ms NE m
69. CAL VIDEO INPUT KEY INPUT CHAN 1 KEY INPUT CHAN 3 42 DEVICE 1 CHAN 4 pEvous CHANS CHAN 6 CHAN 7 SECONDARY DEVICE 1 DEVICE 2 DEVICE 3 DEVICE 4 CHAN 2 DPM CHANNEL SELECT SELECT 2 Select the desired device 1 through 4 by pressing the DPM SELECT button NOTE The DVEous interface restricted to Device 1 3 Select the desired DPM channel by pressing the CHANNEL SELECT button 2 60 Software Setup 4 Usethe VIDEO INPUT knob to assign an input 1 64 to the Model 4000 physical channel to which the Kaleidoscope physical channel video return is connected Use the KEY INPUT knob to assign an input 1 64 to the Model 4000 physical channel to which the Kaleidoscope physical channel video return is connected Set up the aux bus format as described under the Aux Bus Format heading later in this section Make sure that any aux buses assigned to Kaleidoscope are configured for KEY operation of their B aux buses NOTE It is not necessary to set the format for aux buses that are to be used for Effects Send When Effects Send is selected the B bus of each selected aux bus is automatically configured as a key Mapping DPM Returns Complete the DPM Setup by assigning the DPM channel returns to Model 4000 crosspoints as follows 1 Bring up the Map Inputs Menu by pressing the following buttons CONFG INPUTS gt MAP INPUTS gt
70. D and run the effect with the RUN button or the E MEM Subpanel Lever Arm Other Effect Run Options Using REWIND AUTO RUN REV 1 Press AUTO RUN With AUTO RUN on the effect automatically rewinds and then runs whenever you invoke the effect by pressing the E MEM register number of the effect 2 Pressing RUN a second time stops the effects run 3 Press REWIND to reset the effect to Keyframe 1 Press RUN again to run the effect 4 Try running the effect in reverse Again press REWIND Keyframe Operations 5 Press REV Press RUN 6 The effect now runs backwards starting at keyframe 2 and ending with keyframe 1 NOTE If the Enable source for example M E 1 has been de selected it will appear as if the effect has been erased Simply re select the Enable button and the effect will be restored Advanced Keyframe Editing This subsection introduces more complex and advanced keyframe editing techniques You will be setting Enables and Delegates refer to Appendix B Keyframe Facts and manipulating timelines m Make changes to the keyframe MOD absolute or relative single or multiple keyframes m Keyframe Timelines m Constant Duration Mode m Manipulating Entire Effects Insert A Keyframe when on a keyframe Pressing Enable buttons such as M E 1 M E 2 etc on the E MEM panel delegates individual register levels so that changes can be made to those levels While effect editing you would
71. E MEM panel When an effect is created keyframes could be inserted on all enabled levels however doing so would make it more difficult to modify the effect To facilitate placing keyframes at different times on different levels effect editing operations are limited to delegated levels only A level may be in one of three states m Not enabled and not delegated does not appear in Timeline menu Enables and Delegates m Enabled and delegated appears in Timeline menu title is highlighted m Enabled but not delegated appears in Timeline menu title is not highlighted Level enables and delegations are both controlled via the ENABLES buttons on the E MEM panel A menu selection located both in the Keyframe and Timeline menus determines whether the ENABLES buttons control level enables or delegations The ENABLES buttons light as follows m Notenabled or delegated OFF m Enabled but not delegated DIM low tally m Enabled and delegated BRIGHT high tally When ENABLES is selected in the Keyframe or Timeline menu all enabled levels are also delegated thus all enabled levels are affected by changes made on the control panel When DELEGATES is selected only specified enabled levels are delegated all other enabled levels are enabled but not delegated This feature allows you to edit a delegated timeline while viewing its relationship to timelines not being edited When a level is not enabled its timeline disappears
72. ER PREFS MENU config user prefs beeper prefs BEEPER END OF KNOB INACTIVE ON OFF WARNING KNOB CENTER KNOB 2 17 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Defining System Defaults Use the Define Defaults Menu to change the default values that are stored in memory and used when the switcher is turned on You may also use the CLEAR WORK BUFR button The values stored in the User Defined Default Buffer battery backed RAM are loaded into the Working Buffer when power is applied to the switcher This sets the initial state of the switcher parameters DEFINE DEFAULTS MENU config user prefs define defaults Set Default State to Current Switcher State All M Es will use ME1 setting Set Default State to GVG Factory Default ME2 M E GVG SET SELECT DEFAULT DEFAULT 1 With the M E SELECT button select the M E whose settings you want to be used during power up Only one set of values is stored for the M Es therefore both M Es will use the same values at boot up 2 Onthe switcher panel including the selected M E set up the switcher state that you want the switcher to assume when it is turned on 3 Press SET DEFAULT to enter the new default values 2 18 Software Setup 4 Pressing the GVG DEFAULT button will restore the factory set default values to the switcher These are stored in non volatile memory ROM E MEM Preferences You may wish to customize the E MEM system E MEM preference
73. FTER when adding on the path keyframes INSRT BEFOR is not allowed 1 Display the Keyframe Timeline Menu Recall the keyframe effect you stored in E MEM register 5 2 Note the two keyframes displayed and the overall effect time of 2 00 2 seconds 4 56 Keyframe Operations Use the E MEM Run Lever or the Timeline Menu RUN soft knob to position the Time Cursor to time 0 15f between keyframes 1 and 2 Setup a new keyframe chose a new wipe pattern and move it around Press INSRT AFTER Note that new keyframe 2 is added at the current 0 15f Time Cursor position Previous keyframe 2 becomes keyframe 3 Note that the overall effect time of 2 00 2 seconds has not changed The durations of previously numbered keyframes 1 and 2 are changed to accommodate the newly inserted keyframe Version 5 2 and later software changes Whether keyframes are inserted on a keyframe or on the path is now determined by the presence or lack of keyframes on the delegated individual level timelines rather than on the Master Timeline With previous software versions If the Master Timeline cursor was on a keyframe an Insert operation Insert Before or Insert After used the on a keyframe rule that is anew keyframe was added before or after the current keyframe on each delegated level and that added keyframe lengthened the overall duration of those timelines If the Master Timeline cursor was not on a
74. Frame Store Video and Key M E 1 and M E 2 Program Video and Key Program Video and Key Clean Feed Video DSK Preview Video Mask Switched Preview M E1 and M E 2 Preview DSK Preview Aux Bus Video and Key Figure 1 6 Video Flow Diagram Typical Section 1 System Overview Description of Options 1 20 The following options are currently available for the Model 4000 switcher For more details on these options refer to the appropriate subpanel descriptions later in this manual Chromatte Advanced Chroma Keyer Each foreground keyer in M E 1 and M E 2 has access to an optional component chroma keyer Either an internal component digital signal or an external component analog signal from one of the Chroma Key Input Modules can be used as the chroma key source Color background suppression foreground suppression and shadow processing are included as features BORDERLINE Key Edge Generation BORDERLINE Key Edge Generators are available for each keyer in the switcher The Borderline feature is implemented as a submodule that plugs onto the Keyer module of any M E Each Borderline generator supports 1 2 or 3 line wide borders for border and outline modes and 1 to 6 line wide edges for shadow and extrude modes Fill within the key edges may be either video or matte Secondary Wipe Generator ASecondary Wipe Generator option provides a second pattern for each of the M E systems On the 2A a second pattern is
75. GLE to match the chroma keyer s hue The angle indicated in next to the menu knob indicates the offset Note that Auto Setup does this for you b SetSEC COLOR SUPPRESS SELECTIVITY to mid range and SEC CHROMA SUPPRESS LEVEL to maximum This makes the affected region more visible and is probably not the final setting c Adjust SEC COLOR SUPPRESS ANGLE to maximize the effect on the targeted area Ignore all other areas of the image when making this adjustment d Reduce SEC CHROMA SUPPRESS LEVEL to obtain a natural look to the target area of the image Again ignore other areas of the image especially the transition from the target area e Adjust SEC COLOR SUPPRESS SELECTIVITY for a balance between too much change to other picture areas vs not enough change in the target area Notice that the most change is made in the areas immediately surrounding the target Use SEC LUM SUPPRESS LEVEL in a similar manner to mask brightness variations in the same target area 9 Keyedgecleanup If FGD RESHAPE is on some amount of key edge cleanup is possible with KEY WIDTH KEY POSITION and KEY SOFTNESS located in the CHR KEY KEY ADJUST menu The basic idea is to narrow and soften the key edge so that it occurs where there is foreground video instead of areas which have been partially contaminated by the chroma key wall 4 41 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 42 NOTES Key edge cleanup is not possible if FGD RESHAPE is off Attem
76. IFT KEYER PREVIEW BEEPER DEFINE E MEM MODE PREFS gt PREFS gt PREFS gt DEFAULTS gt PREFS gt 2 9 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 Select either LATCH or NORMAL with the SHIFT MODE soft button The LATCH selection allows you to lock any switcher crosspoint bus into a shifted UPPERCASE state This allows ready access to those input sources mapped to shifted crosspoints See Configuring Switcher Inputs on page 2 26 With LATCH enabled on the User Preferences Menu press and hold the SHIFT button while selecting a crosspoint The bus containing that crosspoint is now locked into a shifted state Any crosspoint selected on this bus will now bea shifted crosspoint The SHIFT button light will remain ON while the bus is in this state To unshift a bus press and hold the SHIFT button Select a crosspoint button The bus is now unshifted and the SHIFT button lamp is OFF 3 Select the KEYER PREFS submenu Software Setup Setting Keyer Preferences From the User Preferences Menu press the KEYER PREFS gt button to display the Keyer Preferences Menu KEYER PREFS MENU config user prefs keyer prefs OFF KEY CLEAR KEY MEMORY MEM 1 The DSK DROP button allows you to enable or disable DSK Drop mode DSK Drop mode ON drops any DSK when a program bus crosspoint is pressed This is usually left OFF 2 TheKEY MEMORY Button allows you to turn on or off the key memory feature ON enables c
77. IN Phys auca L C LL Logical Aux 2 BAe EH an n Kaleidoscope Switcher Output Routing Logical Aux 3 LILI LUIL L Logical Aux 4 CK E T x TAX JLI DIDOODOD g E E a scc NEM L Aux 5 LI LI LH LL IBI Logical Aux 6 ga H Em NE rH a E Logical Aux 7 OOOH SK m t Logical Channel Channel 1 5 Logical Logical Logical Effects Send Capable Video Bnet Channel o pd Non Effects Send Video 3 N 4 Kaleidoscope Logical Channels Figure 2 5 Example of Connections for a Pooled DPM For a particular studio session three Kaleidoscope channels could be acquired from the pool in the order D E A which would be logical channels 1 2 3 This mapping information is passed from the DPM to the switcher via the control connection Switcher output routing ensures that the logical channels 1 2 3 appear to the user on logical aux buses 1 2 3 and switcher input routing ensures that DPM logical channels 1 2 3 appear on the crosspoints configured for these logical channels For the above configuration the selection of CHANNEL ROUTING in the DPM Setup Menu should be set to BOTH 2 48 Software Setup There are circumstances where output routing is not desirable For example the DPM may have more than 5 channels In that case a router or patch panel may be inserted between the switcher and Kaleidoscope Figure 2 6 In this example switcher output routing is turned off so the menu selection for CHANNEL ROUTING in th
78. LETE to perform the deletion or CANCEL to abort the deletion The floppy disk system re reads the disk and re displays the Disk Menu with the current directory shown Floppy Disk Drive Operations Deleting Directories 1 Highlight the desired directory in the Disk Menu 2 Press DELETE FILE CAUTION You are allowed to delete all existing files and subdirectories within a directory you choose to delete A Delete Menu dialog box will notify you of this before you perform the delete 3 Onthe Delete Menu press either DO DELETE or CANCEL Note the dialog box indicating the directory name to be deleted The floppy disk system re reads the disk and re displays the Disk Menu 4 89 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 90 A Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video NOTE This appendix applies specifically to the Model 2200 Model 3000 and Model 4000 Switchers but the general principals discussed here may apply as well to other switchers and other devices Introduction The purpose of this appendix is to explain what shaped video and unshaped video are where and why they are used and what you need to do so your equipment will handle them properly What are Shaped and Unshaped Video Shaping and unshaping are generally involved only in keying and compositing situations Whenever a key is performed there are always three signals the key source the key fill fill video and the backg
79. M and PST Keys Auto Timed Inputs Shaped and Unshaped Video Input Conditioning Fineline Keying Unlimited Re Entry Key Channel Throughout 10 Bit Data Processing Throughout Full Complement of Wipe Patterns E MEM with Disk Storage 100 E MEM registers for Keyframe effects Multiple event Keyframes Effects within a single E MEM Register User Preference Programming Safe Title Area Generators Extensive Masking Complex Matte Generators Analog Output Program Preview Capability Default switcher state User defined or GVG factory setting Chroma Key Autosetup Optional Features Optional Features Component Digital and Analog Input Capability up to a total of 64 inputs Component Digital Output Capability BORDERLINE on all Keyers Dual Chroma Keyers for each M E Second Wipe Pattern Generator for each M E and Program Preset Kaleidoscope Run Control and Effects Recall Four Channel Effects Send Aux Buses Timed Aux Output Key Outputs Preview Outputs Lookahead Preview Auto Follow Preview Push to Preview and Preview Mode Tally Outputs DPM Port Redundant Power Supplies Refer to the end of this section for descriptions of the optional features 1 Requires a GVG Kaleidoscope DPM and the Kaleidoscope Interface Upgrade Kit currently shipped to customers who have purchased Kaleidoscope with the 4 0 Software Release Package Part No 074825 07 1 5 Section 1 System Overview Physic
80. M monitor output or select M E 1 on the A bus of M E 2 this directs M E 1 outputs to the PGM monitor output 2 Using the Preview buttons select M E 1 in order to see the wE ME DSK preview or off air source on the Preview monitor PVW PVW h i Requires the Look Ahead Preview option Preview buttons typical 2200 and 4000 3 slightly different Background Cut A cut is an instantaneous switch from one picture to another To cut between M E 1 bus A Program and bus B Preset Background bus sources do the following 1 Select M E 1 on the E MEM Subpanel Press CWB twice 2 Select Source 1 on the A bus background crosspoint row Source 1 s video should now be seen on the PGM monitor 3 Select Source 2 on the B bus background crosspoint row If you have the Look Ahead Preview option set up for Look Ahead mode Source 2 should now appear on the Preview monitor 4 6 Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations NOTE To ensure that Preview Mode is set to Lookahead access the Config User Prefs Preview Prefs Menu Set PYW MODE on M E 1 to LOOK AHEAD 4 Select the M E 1 BKGD A Transition button Only the B Bus scene will appear on the Preview monitor All key ON lights on the transition panel should be out if the CWB state was recalled correctly 5 Press the M E 1 CUT Transition button The B bus scene will immediately switch on air and the A and B crosspoint selections will flip flop swap
81. Name An E MEM File In this section you will store and name the contents of E MEM register 23 in the E MEM subdirectory Make sure E MEM register 23 has something store in it 1 From the Disk Menu use the FILE SELECT soft knob to highlight the E MEM subdirectory Note this is where you want to place all your E MEM effects files 2 Invoke the Save File Menu Disk Save File NOTE To conserve disk space you may wish to store only the functions that you need In this example the effect you want to store uses Mix Effects bus 1 and the PGM PST DSK bus Therefore you need to save only M E 1 and PGM PST DSK in the Save File Menu a Select register 23 with the REGISTER soft knob Use the SAVE SELECT soft knob to select E MEM REGISTER Select SAVE for M E 1 and PGM PST DSK Floppy Disk Drive Operations b Press the NAME FILE button to complete this menu and invoke the Name File Menu In the Name File Menu select the characters Effect1 in the File Name box then press the ACCEPT NAME button A maximum of eight characters may be used Confirm the name with a Yes when the Confirm File Save Menu displays The system automatically appends an extension to the filename for example R23 for register 23 Store and Name A Configuration File In this section you will store and name a configuration setup file in the Config subdirectory 1 From the Disk Menu use the FILE SELECT soft knob to highlig
82. O Module in Slot C1 EDITOR INTERFACE MENU config extern if editor if EVEN NONE PARITY 1 Select the desired switcher editor port BAUD rate with the BAUD button The choices are listed below e 2400 e 4800 e 9600 e 19200 e 38400 Typical setting for Grass Valley editors 2 Select the desired parity for the switcher editor port with the PARITY button The choices are listed below e ODD Typical setting for Grass Valley editors e EVEN NONE 2 42 Software Setup Configuring GPI Outputs Use the GPI Outputs Menu to set E MEM levels for each assigned GPI You can also set up GPI outputs which trigger each time there is a cut on the PGM Bus and set the length of the GPI trigger signal This menu is accessed from the Config External If Menu GPI OUTPUTS MENU LENGTH config external if gpi outputs LEVEL LENGTH GPI8 PGM CUT TRIGGER 1 Field CORB P O hm DPM 1 DPM 2 DPM 3 7 ppma SELECT E MEM GPI LEVEL 1 Usethe PGM CUT TRIGGER button to select a GPI number which will trigger each time there is a cut on the PGM Bus This GPI is typically connected to an external device such as a clock timer which is reset by each trigger Such a clock would then indicate how long the current source has been on air 2 Use the SELECT GPI button to select the desired GPI number 3 Press the E MEM LEVEL button to select
83. P0702 02L Optional Features u20 2020d L EJECJBES E g ES 8888888888888888 5 m HOE MATTES 888 EE Se en BOBS J EJ E SOOO EFFECTS MEMORY 88888888 g oo000000 EEE 1 11 Figure 1 3 Model 4000 3 Control Panel Section 1 System Overview Power Supplies Two power supplies are used in the basic Model 4000 system a control panel power supply located in the control panel tub and a 19 inch rack mount power supply used by the Signal Processor Frame Optional Redundant power supplies are available Video and Key Inputs and Outputs Inputs Three types of input modules may be installed in the Signal Processor Frame to suit the needs of your installation The following types of input modules are available NOTE Each of the serial or analog inputs can
84. PUTS Software Version 5 1 Q EFF SEND DELAY Q CONTROL DELAY 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 BAUD ODD PARITY EVEN PERIPH TRIGGER NONE TRIGGER SELECT A THRU H Q DEVICE NO OQ FUNCTION NO 10 BIT ON 10 BIT OFF 8 BIT ON 8BIT OFF 10 BIT OFF 8 BIT ON DPM 1 DPM2 DPM3 DPM4 KSCOPE KRYSTAL OTHER FIXED NONE WE 1 PGM WE 2 PGM WE 3 PGM DSK PGM DSK CLEAN AUX 1 AUX2 AUX 3 AUX 4 0764 00 PT 3 WE 1 PVW MJE 2 PVW WE 3 PVW DSK PVW DSK DIRTY Q SWTCHR XPT BUTTON SE SET DEFAULTS Q SCoPE BUTTON SWR IN SWR OUT BOTH OFF DEVICE SELECT Q SWITCHER BUTTON DPM1 DPM2 CHAN A H DPM3 AUX 1 9 Q NO OF CHANNELS DPM4 Q CHAN 1 AUX DPM 1 DPM 2 DPM SELECT DPM 3 CHANNEL SELECT DPM 4 Q VIDEO INPUT Q KEY INPUT A B C D E F G H LEVEL ASSIGN p MISC FIRE DPM 1 DPM2 OFF DPM3 PGM CUT TRIGGER GPI 1 8 DPM 4 SELECT GPI GPI18 Misc E MEM LEVEL DP Q GPILENGTH DPM2 DPM 3 DPM 4 AUX 5B H LIUC HN s r voeo AUX8B L pum T AUX 1 AUX9B AUX 2 AUX BUS SHAPING AUX 3 PHYS AUX SELECT AUX 4 UNSHAPER ON OFF Figure 2 3 Configuration Menu Tree Part 3 of 3 Software Setup Setting User Preferences Use the User Preferences Menus to gain access to keyer preview and switcher defaults submenus 1 From the Configuration Menu press the USER PREFS gt button to access the User Preferences Menu USER PREFS MENU config user prefs LATCH NORMAL SH
85. RDS 1 8 INPUTS 33 64 NO SETUP PNP SETUP____ _ amp key SETUP CARDS 1 8 INPUTS 33 64 INP n TIMING 1 4 INP n TIMING 1 4 CHR KEY INPUTS GPI INPUTS Q TOP TEST SIGNAL Q BOTTOM TEST SIGNAL See CONFG Part 3 T NOTE Some soft knob adjustments have been omitted for clarity lt o Ej o m D zm o T fo m 2 e m 2 g UNSHAPED VIDEO SHAPED VIDEO LOG PHYS INPUTS LOG CHANNEL NAME XPT BUTTON PHYS INPUTS Q VIDEO INPUT Q KEY INPUT Q CHROMA KEY INPUT L NPur3 L G COARSE TIMING peur 4 LT t G FINE TIMING Ners H neures H ON OFF RGB SE YUN Hn AUX TALLY LOG CHAN TALLY DISABLE GPI RUN REWIND AUTO EUN REVERSE M E1 MIE2 WE3 M E1 PGM PST M E2 PGM PST PST BLACK ME RECALL M E1 POMES U RECALL M E2 RECALL M E3 RECALL MASTER AUTO RCL EFF DISSSOLV VIDEO GRAB SEQUENCE KEY GRAB MASK GRAB Figure 2 2 Configuration Menu Tree Part 2 of 3 Section 2 Startup and Configuration OUTPUT SELECT RESOLUTION DITHER OUTPUT SELECT RESOLUTION DITHER DIGITAL RES OUTPUT SELECT PGM LUM LIMITER ME1 PGM CHROMA LIMITER ME2 PGM ME3 PGM PEAK WHITE PEAK BLACK s r BOTH See CONFG Part 2 od See CONFG Part 1 PEAK OFF 2400 4800 9600 19200 BAUD 38400 PARITY ODD EVEN NONE USER PREFS N SYSTEM PARAM DEVICE SELECT ICONFG INPUT DPM TYPE Part 3 OUTPUTS oe w K SCOPE SOURCES EXTERN I F ppwv 1 AUX BUS FORMAT PERIPHERAL I F CHANNEL BOUTING GPIOUTPUTS DPM MAP AUX BUS DPM MAP IN
86. RONIX TEK Grass Valley Group Borderline E MEM TEN X Wavelink and AA are registered trademarks and Air Link Auto Match Doubletake E Disk Eagle V Emphasys EZ Link 409 Grass Valley Horizon Jogger Kadenza Kaleidoscope K Mask Key Layer Key Link Krystal MASTER System Master 21 MAX Omni Key Per former Programmed Motion Silhouette Softset SqueezeBack Streamline Super Edit TEN 20 20 TEN Trace TrailBlazer VideoDesktop Flex Time and XEDL are trademarks of Tektronix Inc P O Box 1000 Wilsonville OR 97070 1000 U S A The information in this manual is furnished for informational use only is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Tek tronix Inc Tektronix assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inac curacies that may appear in this publication Tektronix Inc Video and Networking Division P O Box 1114 Grass Valley Cal ifornia 95945 U S A Contents Preface Welcome to the Model 4000 sees RII xi Organization of This Manual sssssseeeeeeeee xi Related Documents seeeeee RR nn xii How to use this manual eseeeeeee cee eee eee xii Conventions used in this manual 00 cece eee eee xiv Button References sssseeeee es xv Panel Knob References sseeeeee ee xv Menu References sees es xv Soft Button and Soft Knob References 0 00
87. Resolution Menu EXTERNAL INTERFACE MENUS Editor I F DPM I F Peripheral I F GPI Outputs AUX BUS FORMAT MENU Aux Bus Shaping 2 5 Section 2 Startup and Configuration LATCH NORMAL ON DSK DROP OFF KEY MEMORY ON DERE DEAR KEY MEM SECTION SELECT 4 CLEAR BUS BUS SELECT CLEAR SECT ME 1 CLEAR SWCHR SHIFT MODE MES AUTO KEYER PREFS PVW SELECT PGM PST LOOKAHEAD E PREVIEW PREFS PVW MODE PGM E B DIM PVW ALL KEYERS MEM PR PUSHTOPVW ON X PUSH TO PVW DELEG KEYER S DEFINE DEFAULTS OF TIMEOUT OFF s BEEPER ON OFF ON OFF o WARNING ON OFF END OF KNOB ON OFF USER PREFS KNOB CENTER ON OFF SYSTEM PARAM INACTIVE KNOB ON OFF INPUTS CONF OUTPUTS Part 1 EXTERN I F RUN LEVER ENABLE DISABLE AUX BUS FORMAT KEYFRAME EDITING ENABLE DISABLE MASTER E MEM 300 STYLE NORMAL 3 M E only Software Version 5 1 MEE 1 M E SELECT ME 2 GVG DEFAULT WE 3 SET DEFAULT AS FIELD 1 ASPECT RATIO 16X9 FIELD 2 See CONFG Part 2 FIELD DOMINANCE NONE SET CLOCK MATTE GEN LIM SELECT DATE Y YEAR yews Q pay See CONEG Part 3 CONFIRM TIME CY HOUR CY MINUTE SECOND XMITABLE VALID RGB T NOTE Some soft knob adjustments BOTH have been omitted for clarity NONE Figure 2 1 Configuration Menu Tree Part 1 of 3 Software Setup See CONFG Part 1 gt ONFG Part 2 Software Version 5 1 ANLG KEY INPUTS MAP INPUTS CARDS 1 8 INPUTS 33 64 ROB p BETA amp RGB vw 8 ON OFF BETA mi d YUV i MII CA
88. Tally connectors are given in the Installation section of the System Information manual Remote Aux Bus The Remote Aux Control Panel Option allows you to control the Model 4000 s aux buses from a remote location As many as 32 Remote Aux Panels can be daisy chained to the switcher There are three Remote Aux Panel configurations available identified by the number of rack units RUs each occupies in the equipment rack The Models 4000 2A and 4000 3 panels are designed to control 48 external inputs 24 unshifted and 24 shifted The Model 4000 2B panel is designed to control 32 external inputs 16 unshifted and 16 shifted Timed Aux Output The Timed Aux Output Module provides four independent output pairs video key from aux buses 5A through 8B for use with Kaleidoscope and DPM systems Powering Up Startup and Configuration This section describes turning on the system setting up user preferences and setting up system parameters The Model 4000 is designed for continuous operation Use the following procedures to power up the switcher when it has been turned off Turn the power switch on the front of the Signal Processor Power Supply to the ON position Verify that the power supply voltage LEDs on the front of the Power Supply are lit and that the fans in the Processor are on Raise the Control Panel and turn the power supply switch to the ON position Verify that the green RUN LED on the CPU Board located
89. The Advanced Editing section describes making changes to keyframes keyframe timeline manipulations keyframe motion and path types and making changes to entire effects Setup m Clearthe switcher see Clearing the Switcher m Select enable buttons M E 1 and PGM PST on the E MEM Subpanel Basic Editing This procedure will use wipes to demonstrate how keyframe editing works You will create a two keyframe effect then manipulate that effect using the keyframing editing subpanel and the keyframe menus m Learn two keyframes m Test the effect m Navigate through the effect using REWIND PREV keyframe NEXT keyframe AUTO RUN REV erse STOP NEXT KF 4 53 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 54 Learn Keyframes To learn the first keyframe of the effect into an E MEM register setup a wipe pattern on a color background on M E 1 Learn the switcher condition into empty register number 5 1 Select M E 1 on the PGM bus Select M E 1 on the A bus of M E 2 2 Select Source 1 on M E 1 A bus select Source 2 on M E 1 B bus 3 Select a Wipe pattern such as a circle or star for M E 1 Use the Lever Arm to bring it to about 50 size Position it in the upper left hand corner of the screen 4 Press LRN BANK REGISTER This inserts the first keyframe into the register 5 Move the wipe Press INSRT AFTER on the Effects Editing Keypad This inserts the second keyframe into the register 6 Press REWIN
90. The Preset scene will cir 5 888 appear on the Preview monitor 2 Select Source 2 on the B bus background crosspoint row M e Select the WIPE Transition button This selects the wipe mode as the next transition arid delegates the wipe pattern selector to M E 1 s primary wipe Part of Transition Subpanel 5 Select any pattern button in the Pattern section If you want to select a menu pattern double press the MENU button in the le e Pattern section and select a pattern from the display menu n em that appears with the soft knob usen usen amog 6 To do a wipe transition with the selected pattern move the L lever arm between limits The B bus scene will wipe on air as user LEARN R dn id E E the A bus scene wipes off and the A and B bus crosspoint selections will flip flop swap at the end of each transition Ar Zh BHDPFE Part of Wipe Subpanel Section 4 Switcher Operations 7 As an alternative to using the lever arm you can press AUTO TRANS to do an automatic transition To pause an auto transition in progress press AUTO TRANS again To resume the transition press it a third time You can also start an auto transition and finish with the lever arm or vice versa 8 Exp
91. The following categories are available for assignment MISC Enables selection of the Aux Tally Back function or allows the selected GPI input to be disabled AUXTALLY Allows an external device to control the aux bus tally level high or low The AUX BUS soft knob selects the appropriate aux bus DISABLE GPI Causes any signal applied to the selected GPIinput to be ignored KF EFFECT Enables selection of the Keyframe GPI function The following functions may be triggered with GPI pulses RUN REWIND AUTO RUN and REVERSE Software Setup AUTO TRANS Enables selection of the Auto Transition GPI function The following transitions may be triggered with GPI pulses M E 1 M E 2 F F and F F PST BLK CUT Enables selection of the Cut GPI function The following cuts may be triggered by the GPI M E 1 M E 2 and F F E MEM Enables selection of the E MEM GPI function The following E MEM functions may be triggered by the GPI RECALL ME 1 RECALL ME 2 RECALL MSTR AUTO RECALL EFX DISSOLV and SEQUENCE The REGISTER soft knob selects the register for E MEM recalls FRAME STORE Enables selection of the Frame Store GPI function The functions that may be triggered are VIDEO GRAB KEY GRAB and MASK GRAB 2 37 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Configuring Outputs Select OUTPUTS from the Configuration Menu The OUTPUTS Menu shown below appears OUTPUTS MENU config outputs
92. User Manual Tektronix Grass Valley Model 4000 Digital Production Switcher Software Release 5 3 071 0162 00 First Printing January 1996 Revised Printing February 1998 Telephone Numbers North America 800 547 8949 Fax 530 478 3181 Elsewhere Distributor or sales office from which equipment was purchased Web Addresses Grass Valley Email Support GVGSERVICE Qtek com Grass Valley Web Page http www tek com Grass Valley Tektronix Web Site http www tek com Postal Addresses Mail Tektronix Grass Valley Products P O Box 1114 Grass Valley CA 95945 Shipping Tektronix Grass Valley Products 400 Providence Mine Rd Nevada City CA 95959 Customer Support Tektronix Grass Valley Products is committed to providing the most responsive and professional product support available We have a fully staffed highly trained support team ready to respond to anything from a simple question to an emergency repair Sup port is available via telephone or email For new and updated cus tomer support documents as well as new product information check the Tektronix web site and Grass Valley s web page Copyright Tektronix Inc All rights reserved Printed in U S A Tektronix products are covered by U S and foreign patents issued and pending Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published mate rial Specifications and price change privileges reserved TEKT
93. Wipe 00 cece eee eee 4 11 Pattern MIINE ikea een khen a bees ace EA dis ee dens 4 15 Learning User Wipes 0 600 cece cece eee 4 16 Bade to Blacks ics gest de rU RE Ute eene mes 4 19 Setting Transition Rates sssseseeeeseeeeeeeee 4 20 Background and Matte Generator Operations 4 22 Matte Sel ctioni cvs eme v4 ced e x rr eee RR C n 4 22 User Defined Wash 4000 2B only 0000s ee eee 4 24 Super Black ifn creat aha tras tee ete bietet bes 4 25 Luminance and Linear Keying Operations 004 4 26 Key Transition esie em eee ee eh 4 31 Preset Pattern Keying Operations 06 6 c cece eee eee 4 32 Layered Mode Operations 0 0 0 66 cece ene eee ees 4 35 vi Contents Chroma Keying Operations sssssseeeeeeeeeeeel 4 36 Auto Chroma Keying Procedure llssesssss esse 4 37 Auto SACU iso ure eee aede petente ee ed 4 39 Basic Manual Adjustment lslisleleslssssese 4 40 Optimization Adjustments isselllsesesse 4 41 E MEM Effects Memory Operations lsssseeeeseessse 4 46 New Operational Mode Available Version 5 1 and later 4 47 Normal Mode ecco rl er oid ate sed RH metni e ea 4 47 Learn A Register 0 0 tenet eee eens 4 48 Recall A Register cerir cies dreri sede n n 4 49 300 Style Mode 3 M E Switchers Only 205 4 50 Operational Defaults in Either Mode 0
94. Working Buffer 3 2 Cut 4 6 4 66 Definition 3 6 Keyframe 4 64 D Date setting 2 24 Defaults GVP Factory 3 2 User Defined 3 2 Deleting Files and Directories 4 88 Index 2 DIM PVW button 2 16 Dither setting 2 39 Downstream Keyer 4 28 DPM 700 setup 2 54 Aux Bus Assignments 2 56 Menu 2 55 Configurations 2 44 Control Point Language 2 50 Fixed device 2 46 GPI 2 51 Kaleidoscope 2 46 Map Inputs 2 60 Pooled device 2 46 Returns mapping 2 61 Source Button Mapping 2 55 Video signal path setup 2 44 Draw Mode Mask Store 4 77 Dropshadow Mode Frame Store 4 75 DSK CUT 4 28 MIX 4 28 DVEous setup 2 54 E Editor Interface Setup 2 42 Effects Editing Constant Duration Mode 4 66 Current Time Position B 1 Cut Copy and Paste 4 64 Delegates B 2 Dissolve 4 50 Enabled levels B 2 Enables B 2 Enabling E MEMs 4 48 Get 4 65 Learn Enables 4 48 Levels B 2 Index Master Timeline B 1 Path Types 4 66 Put 4 65 Recall 4 50 Storing 4 49 Undo 4 52 Effects Editing Definitions 3 21 Current Time 3 21 Keyframe 3 21 Level 3 21 Master Timeline 3 21 Timeline 3 21 Effects Keys 4 28 Effects Send 1 21 3 23 Looping Mode 4 70 Non Looping Mode 4 70 Option 4 68 E MEM AUTO RCL 4 48 Basic operations 4 48 Effects Dissolve 4 50 Effects Memory 4 43 Enable buttons 4 48 Learn Enables 4 48 Learn Sequence 4 51 Loading from floppy 4 86 Name a file 4 84 Recall Enables 4 49 Recalling Effect 4 50 Store a file 4 84 Storing an Effect 4 49 Undo
95. a Positioner ae Subpanel Effects Memory E MEM 2d Sent E 1 Keyer Subpanels Matte Subpanels Figure 1 2 Model 4000 2B Control Panel 1 9 Section 1 System Overview Grass Valley E BEE td E EHE HBE Grass Valley Group zEBEBEEBEHEBEEEHEEEBSEEBERE gg e EJEJEJEJEJEJEJEJEJ JEJE JEJE EJ EJ CT E EJ EJ E E ES EJ BE ELEELLLEELELEELELLELEELEEELEELETL EI ELELEELLELELECELELLLLEELLELEE EI pee zs v2 EJEJEJEJEJEJEJ EJ EJEJ EJ EJ EJ EJ EJ EJ E E EJ EJ EJ EJ EJ ESI E a EEELELELLLELLELLELLELLLELLELELELEEj EEEELEELEECEEEEEELEEEEEELEE Es sse ele Peel e e lel Ee E ES v2 EJEJEJEJEJEJEJEJ EJ EJ EJEJ EJ EJ E E E E E EX ED EJ EJ ES Ey a EEEEEEEELELELEELEELELELELLETZ EEEELEELEEECEEEEEELEEEEEELEE os JETEJEJEJEJ EJ EJ EJ EJ EJ EJ EJ ES E EJ E EJ E E E E E E ES se EJLJEJEJEJEJCJ EJ EJ EJ ES CJ EJ CJ CJ CJ EJ CJ C EJ CJ EJ E ES mw TT CEE EEE e EFEEEEEELEELELEELEEELEEELEEELLE BE Ej E 3 Be El E Ge T
96. ackground cut for example switches the on air Program output instantly from the picture selected on the Program bus to the picture selected on the Preset bus A cut can also be used to switch a key on or off air instantaneously Mix Transition A mix is a transition from one picture to another in which the new picture mixes into and then replaces the picture that was already on air Figure 3 1 The switcher allows you to mix from one background picture to another or to mix up to three separate key layers on or off over a background Background and key mixes can be done separately or simultaneously Transitions Starting Video Midway Transition Ending Video Figure 3 1 A Mix Transition 3 7 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Wipe Transition A wipe is a transition from one picture to another in which a shaped edge moves across the screen revealing the new picture see Figure 3 1 A background wipe removes the old Program Background picture as it wipes on the new Preset Background picture A key wipe reveals the key over the existing background or removes it without affecting the existing background A wipe transition can also change the background and the key s at the same time Wipes can take the shape of any of the available wipe patterns which can be adjusted for position aspect ratio multiples rotation modulation edge width edge color and edge softness Twenty four wipe patterns are available from t
97. al Description 1 6 The switcher consists of three main areas the Control Panel the Signal Processor Frame and the Frame Power Supply see Figure 1 1 The electronic circuitry for the Model 4000 is contained on circuit boards and modules in the Signal Processor Frame and Control Panel Signal Processor Frame The Signal Processor Frame is a large rack mounted unit that houses the system Controller Mix Effect logic and processors Input Output interfaces and Expansion circuit modules In addition to the basic system a typical system may have several options such as Chroma Keyers Secondary Wipe Generators and Effects Send Most options are available as circuit board modules or submodules called mezzanine boards to be installed in the Signal Processor Frame Refer to the Model 4000 Installation and Service manual for a complete description of the Signal Processor A main processor and separate M E processors reside within the Signal Processor Frame Since each M E has its own processor failure of one processor does not disable the entire switcher Individual effects can continue to operate independently in a limited capacity Optional Features Video Key Signals In Status Terminal 10 Sc90d L EFFECTS SEND MATRIX a x MIX EFFECTS E PROCESSOR lt q ee Z Ed E MIX EFFECTS Video Key re PROCESSOR Signals Out lt tc W wn ANALOG AND SERIAL INPUT MODULES ANALOG
98. alog Input assigning 2 27 Key assigning 2 29 Timing Setup 2 30 Video assigning 2 28 Aspect Ratio Setup 2 21 Auto Delegation 3 4 Auto Setup Chroma Key 4 33 AUTO TRANS 4 9 4 12 Aux Bus Formatting 2 66 Mapping DPM 2 56 Shaped Unshaped 2 67 B Background Buses 3 5 Cut 4 6 Mix 4 9 Wipe 4 11 Beeper Preferences 2 17 BORDERLINE Key Edge Generation 1 20 C Chroma Key Assigning Inputs 2 34 Auto Setup 4 33 Auto Setup procedure 4 34 Background suppression 3 15 Definition 3 15 Foreground suppression 3 15 Keying 4 33 Chromatte Advanced Chroma Keyer 1 20 Clean Feed 1 21 Clear Working Buffer 3 2 Clearing the Switcher 4 4 Clip Control 3 9 Adjustments 4 25 Clock setting 2 24 Config Files loading from floppy 4 87 Configuration Menu 2 2 Sub Menus 2 4 Configuring Aux Buses 2 66 Beeper Preferences 2 17 Chroma Key Inputs 2 34 Crosspoints 2 31 Dither 2 39 DPM 2 44 Aux Buses 2 56 Mapping Inputs 2 60 Returns 2 61 Index 1 Index Editor Interface 2 42 E MEM User Preferences 2 19 External Interfaces 2 41 Field Dominance Mode 2 21 GPI Inputs 2 35 Outputs 2 43 Inputs 2 26 Analog Key Inputs 2 29 Analog Video 2 28 Timing 2 30 Keyer Preferences 2 11 Output Resolution 2 39 Outputs 2 38 Peripheral Interface 2 63 Triggers 2 63 Preview Preferences 2 13 System Clock 2 24 Default Settings 2 18 Parameters 2 21 User Preferences 2 9 Constant Duration Mode 4 66 Copy Keyframe 4 64 Crosspoint Bus 3 5 Naming 2 32 Current
99. and gain stored in the Mask Store and used as a mask by any keyer The mask is then routed to a keyer selected on the Mask panel to the Switcher crosspoint matrix for use as a primary input and to an output module for use by external devices 3 25 Section 3 Switcher Concepts 4 Switcher Operations About this Section This section of the User s Guide demonstrates basic operation of the Model 4000 series switcher This section of the User s Guide demonstrates basic operation of the Model 4000 series switcher Each operation is presented in numbered steps to add clarity to the procedures If you are new to video switching or if you encounter unfamiliar terms review Section 3 Concepts The following topics are included in this section Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations on page 4 6 Wipe Operations on page 4 11 Luminance and Linear Keying Operations on page 4 24 Preset Pattern Keying Operations on page 4 29 Layered Mode Operations on page 4 32 Chroma Keying Operations on page 4 33 E MEM Effects Memory Operations on page 4 43 Keyframe Operations on page 4 53 Effects Send Operations Option on page 4 68 Frame Store Operations Option on page 4 71 Floppy Disk Drive Operations on page 4 83 4 1 Section 4 Switcher Operations Starting Conditions 4 2 The switcher and any connected external devices should be in a known or User Default state before beginning any of th
100. arameters listed Press the DO LOAD button You will now see the Confirm File Load Menu Press DO LOAD to confirm the configuration recall Viewing Listing Files and Directories You can view the diskette contents by directory file name or file extension 1 Invoke the Disk Menu 2 Press CHILD DIRECTORY to read the diskette 3 Usethe VIEW BY DIR to list subdirectories Note that in this view no files will be displayed 4 87 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 88 Use VIEW BY NAME to list filenames in the current directory in alphabetical order Use VIEW BY EXT to list filenames by extension such as Rnn for register or CFG for configuration in the current directory in alphabetical order Deleting Files and Directories You can delete a single file or a group of files You can delete a directory or a directory and its entire contents including all subdirectories and files within that directory Deleting Files 1 Highlight the desired directory in the Disk Menu Make sure you have VIEW BY NAME or VIEW BY EXT selected Press LIST DIRECTORY Highlight the file s by scrolling with the soft knob and press MARK FILE FOR DELETE Note the marked files box indicating the number and size of the files The filename will be displayed in inverted text Press DELETE FILE The Delete Menu displays Verify that the dialog box displays the appropriate directory subdirectory path name Press DO DE
101. as appropriate for your installation NOTE Assigning an Aux Bus to a DPM level saves the parameters under the DPM level rather than the MISC level for E MEM operations Press the EXIT button to return to the DPM Setup Menu Some examples of connecting switcher s to Kaleidoscope is shown below See examples 1 and 2 Example 1 Switcher to Kaleidoscope Configuration Physical Channel Switcher Figure 2 7 Switcher to Kaleidoscope Cabling Ex 1 2 57 Startup and Configuration Section 2 Example 2 Switcher to Kaleidoscope Configuration Physical Channel Figure 2 8 Switcher to Kaleidoscope Cabling Ex 2 2 58 Software Setup The following sample menu shows how you might set up the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu for use with Kaleidoscope DPM MAP AUX BUSES MENU NUMBER OF CHANNELS config extern if dpm setup dpm map aux buses 24 Connection of physical AUX buses to physical channels FIRST CHANNEL z CHANE MISC AUX5 AUX6 AUX7 PHYS CHAN CHANA CHANB CHANC DPM 1 DEVICE SELECT 2 59 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Mapping DPM Inputs Set up the Kaleidoscope video and key return input numbers as follows 1 Fromthe DPM Setup Menu press DPM MAP INPUTS to bring up the DPM Map Inputs Menu DPM MAP INPUTS MENU VIDEO INPUT config extern if dpm setup dpm map inputs 2 PHYSICAL LOGI
102. at may be used to return the switcher to a known set of conditions Some of these parameters may be periodically updated with software updates The User Defined Default buffer is battery backed RAM that may be used to store a set of parameters tailored to your requirements and preferences At power up the information in the User Defined Default memory is loaded into the Current Working Buffer which sets the initial state of the switcher At any time the User Defined Default values may be restored to all enabled areas of the switcher by pressing the CLEAR WORK BUFR button on the E MEM Subpanel The data in the User Defined Default Buffer may also be modified at any time through the Configuration User Prefs Define Defaults Menu Clear Working Buffer Clear Work Buffer Operation Modes With Version 5 0 and later software there are four modes of operation for the CLEAR WORK BUFR button Single press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button Clears the Current Working Buffer except Keyers This clears the CWB to User Defined Defaults for all enabled levels but leaves the key memory portion of the CWB unaffected Double press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button Clears the Current Working Buffer including Keyers This is the same as a single press of the button with the addition of key memory parameters being cleared crosspoints are unaffected Single press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button while holding down a key bus crosspoint button C
103. be treated by the switcher as either a video input or a key input m Serial Component Digital Module provides 8 inputs auto timed within a range of 18 microseconds Serial Component Digital Modules are optional in the Model 4000 2A Up to eight modules may be installed for 64 inputs m Analog Component Module each optional Analog Component Module provides 2 analog component video inputs RGB YUV Beta or MII and 2 analog Key inputs Up to 8 Analog Component Modules can be installed Every Analog Component Module is associated with a Serial Reentry Module which is included in the option set Refer to Figure 1 4 m Chroma Key Input Modules Up to 3 optional component analog Chroma Key Input Modules may be installed Each module provides 2 inputs for a total of 6 inputs to the optional Chromatte Chroma Keyer The format for each input is user selectable from RGB YUV Beta or MII Refer to the Startup section of this manual for information on assigning input formats and adjusting the timing Optional Features o SERIAL DIGITAL E INPUT MODULE 8 INPUTS 1 8 E CELL C16 OPTION SERIAL DIGITAL INPUTMODULE ourso 16 SLOT C15 OPTION SERIAL DIGITAL INPUTMODULE murs 17 24 SLOT C14 OPTION x SERIAL DIGITAL oc INPUT MODULE puts 25 32 E SLOT C13 OPTION ANALOG INPUT MODULES SERIAL DIGITAL z CELLS D16 AND OR D17 INPUT MODULE SERIAL REENTRY MODULE
104. ce for establishing the picture color Color Difference Signal A video signal conveying only color information such as R Y and B Y Color Frame The video frame polarity In order to keep the video signal in phase color frames must alternate polarity with each frame Component A part of an assembly Also see Assembly and System Component Video A set of video signals usually three each of which represents a portion of the information needed to generate a full color image Composite Video A video signal which contains both picture and sync information Also see Encoded Video Control Signal A signal used to control some aspect of switcher operation such as video path selection and manipulation inter processor G 4 communications and variable control knob monitoring Control Processor A circuit or group of circuits used to generate or alter control signals CPU Central Processing Unit The section of a computing device that controls and causes the execution of instructions A CPU on a single chip and is called a microcomputer Crosspoint An electronic switch usually controlled by a pushbutton on the control panel that allows video or audio to pass when the switch is closed CRT Cathode Ray Tube A television or terminal picture tube Cut Take A transition between primary video and or key video where one signal is instantaneously replaced by another or where one signal is instanta
105. ceded by the dot If you entered the above time the LED readout would indicate 002 15 1 Keyframe Operations Setting and Adjusting Start Times Timelines can be moved in relationship with each other by changing the start time of one timeline 1 2 Recall a multiple level effect using M E 1 and M E 2 Select Delegates Mode on the Keyframe Menu Undelegate M E 1 by pressing its level enable button Note that the M E 1 button goes to low tally and its level indicator on the Timeline Menu becomes un highlighted To adjust the start time Select Start with the Time Knob Select button b Adjust the start time by turning the TIME soft knob The time cursors will move as delay is added to the start of the effect c Re delegate M E 1 Run the effect Note that M E 2 now starts later than M E 1 To set a start time a Position the effect at the 2nd keyframe Press the SET START TIME button on the Timeline Menu b The effect will now start at keyframe 2 rather than keyframe 1 4 61 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 62 Zoom and Pan Timeline Effects The ZOOM soft knob in the Timeline Menu is used to expand the timeline display for precise positioning of the Time Cursor This allows you to examine adjacent keyframes in detail when you have a long timeline effect The PAN soft knob moves the display across the screen to view any portion of the expanded display The PAN knob i
106. cepts 3 22 Timeline Menu The following is a simple example of a Timeline Menu TIMELINE MENU gt Run Cursor 1 00 KF 2 Register 8 8 Keyframes Duration 7 00 KF editing enabled 1 4 5 6 Master Timeline M E 1 ME 2 ME 3 PGM PST MOD ALL DELEGATES TIME ALIGN SET TIME KNOB ABSOLUTE LEVELS STARTTIME SELECT The appearance of this menu depends upon the following which levels are enabled and which are delegated on the E MEM Enables panel the contents of the currently selected E MEM register and the position of the Time Cursor on the timeline The effect editing mode must be enabled in the menus and the individual E MEM levels must be enabled and or delegated on the E MEM panel before keyframes can be added or modified Any keyframe that is present on an enabled E MEM level is represented as a keyframe on the Master Timeline All editing rules are based on the Master Timeline All editing operations are performed on the delegated E MEM levels Keyframes of delegated levels can be cut copied and pasted with GET and PUT commands using an area of memory called the Clipboard The data for each level is stored independently in the Clipboard buffer Effects Send Option Effects Send Option Effects Send is a system that provides a close interface between the switcher s mix effects system and a digital picture manipulator DPM Effects Send takes the key and fill video outputs of an effects keyer a
107. ch includes black to be keyed into a scene without using a separate key signal If the video is recorded over super black due to the inability to have the key at the same time for later keying the video should be recorded as shaped as there will be no shaping signal key available to modify the edges Key softness key opacity and any transparent drop shadows will be lost This signal can only be separated from the super black level using a luminance keyer with the key clip level set to separate the video fill including black from the super black level Super Black there requires all of the key edges to be hard C 1 Appendix C Super Black Usage A typical use of super black is when a prerecorded element such as a flying logo is to be keyed in at the opening of a show The flying logo is keyed over super black and recorded on tape The VTR must be adjusted to record the super black level and to reproduce it during playback When the logo is to be used at the start of the show the tapeis played and the luminance key clip and gain are adjusted to key the logo into the background scene The key is then activated and the tape played back to produce the flying logo Using the Super Black Output C 2 Super Black may be used for recording a video key signal on a single tape recorder To do this you need to combine both video and key into one signal yet still be able to distinguish between areas where there is no video key
108. ction name crosspoint input number and signal format You may determine the input assignments and the characteristics of the input signals through the use of the Configuration submenus as described in the following procedures Software Setup Inputs Use the Inputs Menu to enter or change the various configuration settings for your inputs INPUTS MENU 00 COLOR BARS T p config inputs 75 COLOR BARS TEST SIGNAL MULTIPULSE PULSE amp BAR CHR KEY TEST H RAMP WALKING BITS 00 COLOR BARS 75 COLOR BARS BOTTOM HORIZ TIMING MUETIBULSE TEST SIGNAL PULSE amp BAR CHR KEY TEST H RAMP WALKING BITS ANLG VIDEO ANLG KEY ANLG INPUT MAP CHR KEY GPI INPUTS gt INPUTS gt TIMING gt INPUTS gt INPUTS gt INPUTS gt 2 27 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Setting Analog Video Inputs Use the Analog Video Inputs Menu to select the component format with setup or no setup for each analog video input 1 From the Inputs Menu press the ANLG VIDEO INPUTS gt button to select the Analog Video Inputs Menu as shown below ANALOG VIDEO INPUTS MENU config inputs anlg vid inp INPUTS CARD 1 33 36 BETA BETA CARD2 37 40 BETA BETA CARD 3 41 44 BETA BETA CARD 4 45 48 BETA BETA CARD 5 49 52 BETA BETA CARD 6 53 56 BETA BETA CARD 7 57 60 BETA BETA CARD 8 61 64 BETA BETA RGB RGB BETA BETA YUV YUV O CARD 2 MII
109. ction 4 Switcher Operations 4 64 Cut Copy and Paste Keyframes You can change the position of keyframes with the Cut Copy and Paste functions The current keyframe can be copied and removed from an effect by pressing CUT NOTE Be sure the level is not locked on the E MEM register when doing cuts and pastes Previous to version 5 2 software release the CUT button deleted delegated level keyframes when the Time Cursor was positioned on a Master Timeline keyframe and the duration of the Master Timeline keyframe is deleted from all delegated levels even those that did not have a keyframe at that point The overall effect duration is decreased by the duration of the cut keyframe However with version 5 2 and later if the cursor on any delegated level is not on a keyframe the Cut function is disabled This is indicated by the lamp being out in the Cut pushbutton You can copy a keyframe without changing the effect with the COPY button The copied keyframe may be inserted at any point in the current effect or any other effect with the PASTE button If pasted on a keyframe the paste operation is performed as an INSRT AFTER As keyframes are added or deleted from an effect the total effect time duration changes That is adding adds time to the effect and deleting subtracts time from the effect To practice these three functions 1 Recallan effect with 4 keyframes 2 Press GOTO KF 1 ENTER Press COPY 3
110. d This is what tells the switcher how to process the signal If you incorrectly identify the type of video in the Configuration menu that is if you select shaped when you should select unshaped or vice versa your keys will have dark or light halos at the edges Input Shaped and Unshaped Video Configuring the Input Press the CONFG button on the Switchers main menu panel then the INPUTS soft button in the Configuration menu and the MAP INPUTS button in the Inputs menu to bring up the Map Inputs menu shown in Figure A 12 For each crosspoint selected on the PST bus you need to set the UNSHAPED VIDEO SHAPED VIDEO selection to match the characteristic of the video input being mapped to that crosspoint that is whether the source video is shaped or unshaped MAP INPUTS MENU VIDEO INPUT config inputs map inputs ANL AUT 10 BIT SETUP UNSHAPED VIDEO SHAPED VIDEO VIDEO KEY FMT KEY INPUT 1 DIG SER 8 BIT SETUP SYNC XPT BUTTON XPT BUTTON NUMBER NAME 30 CHROMA KEY INPUT SHIFT 14 NONE ENCODED Use the Preset Bus to select button number LOG CHANNEL PHYS INPUTS LOG PHYS NAME XPT ASSIGNMENT BUTTON gt Figure A 12 The Map Inputs Menu UNSHAPED VIDEO This is the setting that should be selected for all Non Shaped full raster video inputs and for Unshaped fill video inputs from character generators and DPMs SHAPED VIDEO This is the setting that should be selected only for fill v
111. d but SHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu Note white halo effect Figure A 22 Incorrect Video With Unshaped Input and SHAPED Selected A 12 Output Shaped and Unshaped Video Output Shaped and Unshaped Video In addition to the input shaped unshaped selections the switchers have output selections that allow you to set the switcher output for either shaped or unshaped fill video Shaped video is the preferred setting if the designation device can accept it NOTE Theoutput shaped unshaped selections for the Aux Buses apply only to the Aux 1 through Aux 4 outputs Aux 1 and Aux 2 on the 2200 and only if the Effects Send option is present Without the shaper and unshaper circuitry on the Effects Send module the aux bus outputs simply pass whatever signal is present either shaped or unshaped For the Model 3000 1 Press the CONFG button on the switcher s main menu panel then the OUTPUTS gt soft button in the Configuration menu to bring up the Outputs menu shown in Figure A 23 2 Setthe VIDEO KEY FMT selections for Program Out and Aux Buses 1 through 4 to match the characteristic SHAPED or UNSHAPED expected by the external devices connected to those outputs These settings control the states of the unshapers on the PGM and Aux Bus outputs NOTE Since the process of unshaping the video signal results in dividing the video signal by its key level errors especially around black may produce extreme
112. d of one field and the beginning of the next During this time the electron beams in the monitors are turned off so that they can return from the Glossary bottom of the screen to the top to begin another scan Video An electrical signal used to carry visual information Composite video includes sync and blanking signals Noncomposite video does not include sync and blanking Video Key A self key or chroma key in which the fill signal is video from the video key source or a matte from one of the matte generators W Wipe A transition between two video signals that is defined by the shape of a pre selected pattern The movement of the pattern edge is controlled by the Mix Effects lever arm or by an Auto Transition operation As the pattern edge moves one video signal replaces the other Wipe Solid A voltage value in a wipe generator that represents a 3 dimensional geometric shape such as a cone which can be sliced by a comparator to create a circle pattern Wipe Pattern The shape and or rotation of the pattern edge between two video signals in a wipe transition Word A unit of data which occupies one location in memory and is acted upon as a unit Also see Bit and Byte Y Y The luminance brightness portion of a component video signal Y R Y B Y Y CR CB A set of color component video signals with separate luminance and chrominance G 15 Glossary Index A An
113. degrees to each as shown in Example 4 Example 4 Continuity Vectors KF1 Continuity 0 0 KF3 The unmodified path shown above is identical to the unmodified path of the other controls B 9 Appendix B Keyframe Facts B 10 With continuity set to 1 00 the entry path through the keyframe is pulled to point at the following keyframe or exit path The effect of 1 00 continuity is that of motion dropping into and then out of the keyframe similar to a bouncing ball see Example 5 Example 5 11 0 uuu KF2 1 0 Continuity 1 00 KF3 SS D KF1 1 0 BBS 10 Keyframe Path Control With continuity set to 1 00 the paths between the keyframes become straight lines accelerating through the keyframe see Example 6 Example 6 KF1 Eu Continuity 1 00 KF3 Appendix B Keyframe Facts Bias Control The BIAS control determines whether the path will be pulled towards the previous or the following keyframe With extreme settings all of the biasing will occur either before or after KF2 With bias set to 0 the curve through the keyframe is gentle as shown in Example 7 below Example 7 Tension Vector TO v Bias Vector Im emi IE XE T N KFI F DX KF2 Bias 0 0 l KF3 I NOTE A Tension vector MUST be present for Bias control to have an eff
114. des 100 internal storage registers that you can use to store learn recall and modify switcher panel setups There are ten banks with ten registers in each bank Switcher panel setup data saved in EMEM registers can be recalled at a later time The setups may also be saved and recalled from floppy disk refer to Floppy Disk Drive Operations on page 4 83 The memory containing stored setups is protected against power outages so if switcher power is lost E MEM register data will remain intact The following E MEM topics are discussed 1 Normal or 300 Style Learn or Recall Mode Version 5 1 and later 2 Basic EMEM a Enables b Storing c Recalling 3 Effects Dissolves 4 Sequencing NOTE See Floppy Disk Drive Operations on page 4 83 for how to save and recall E MEM files to and from the floppy disk drive 4 43 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 44 New Operational Mode Available Version 5 1 and later Version 5 1 added a new operational mode to the existing mode on the E MEM system m Normal mode pre existing functionality m 300 Style mode functional only for 3 M E Switchers This mode setting is found in CONFIG USER PREFS E MEM PREFS menu under the MASTER E MEM selection This document discusses the Normal mode operation first then the Model 300 Style mode NOTE If you have a 2 M E Switcher your system operates only in Normal mode Normal Mode In Normal mode on a 2 M E Sw
115. describes the shape of the curve when graphed against time Keyframe Operations HOLD stops a crosspoint from changing when an effect is recalled or a keyframe with new source information is encountered AII parameters hold at their starting values throughout the keyframe duration HOLD stops the interpolation process between keyframes causing a pop between changed positions The CURVE pathtype function may be used with both Wipe WIPEXFORM and Framestore FSTOREXFRM Transform selections CURVE includes Tension Continuity and Bias soft knob controls described in the Appendices of this guide When used with the CURVE path type Wipe Transform has four parameters Horizontal Vertical Size and Aspect Framestore Transform has two parameters Horizontal and Vertical The Wipe or Framestore image may be either a video or key signal In either case it may be cropped masked in either Video Store Crop Menu or Key Store Crop Menu Variable parameters can do all four types of interpolation selectors can do only Holds For each keyframe all parameters use the same path type to the extent that they can Using Path Types Procedures Hold Linear S Linear Curve 1 Access the Keyframe Keyframe Path Menu 2 Use GET or PUT to copy one of your effects to an empty register 3 Experiment with the four different Path Type selections and see how each changes the effect 4 67 Section 4 Switcher Operations Effects S
116. ding the Auto Keying procedure significantly increases the quality of the keys produced The studio setting has a major impact on the ability to produce a natural looking key Lighting on the background should be as flat as possible The background itself should be a highly saturated color Attempting to key off of pastel colors produces an unacceptable key Minimize background reflections onto the foreground subject as much as possible Distance from the background and a backlight can be a big help If obvious improvements can be made easily make changes to the set and lighting before adjusting the Chroma Keyer Chroma Keying Operations Figure 4 10 Chroma Key Composite The Chroma Keyer accommodates a wide range of scenes and conditions Very lifelike keys can be obtained with a well planned chroma key set Usable keys can also be obtained when conditions are less than optimal by compromising edge softness Many of the Keyer controls affect the image in subtle unexpected ways and many adjustments can easily be overdone The following steps prepare the switcher so that you can setup a key NOTE Chroma Keyer setup can be made easier if waveform and vector monitors are available 1 Monitor the key you wish to setup on the switcher s Program or Preview output Only the Preview Bus allows you to look at the key signal using the Keyer panel s SHOW KEY button 2 Selectthe source to be use as the foreground si
117. dow mode does not reduce the bandwidth of the key channel If you use a source that does not have an associated key signal the Dropshadow Mode produces a full raster key signal 4x3 aspect ratio Drop Shadow is added to the key signal the video output is unaffected Therefore the Frame Store video and key must be composited on top of another layer in order to see the dropshadow The OPACITY control adjusts the density of the drop shadow HORIZONTAL and VERTICAL controls position the drop shadow anywhere on the screen You can use DRP SHADOW BLUR Frame Store Menu to blur the drop shadow 4 75 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 76 Repositioning Use Repositioning Frame Store Video Store Reposition Menu to move a live or frozen image off the screen in any direction Mosaics Use Mosaic to control the size and aspect of mosaic tiles in a live or frozen video Pseudo Color Use Pseudo Color to generate special video effects such as color negative shaped unshaped video and posterize solarize for contour effects These are bit mapping effects Filter Use Filter effects to blur video with controls for luminance chrominance and symmetry You can also rotate the hue of the video Crop Use Crop to enable frame store crop controls to crop an image from any edge Frame Store cropping is similar to the functions of the Box Mask for the keyers Frame Store Operations Option Mask Store Option The Mask St
118. e Interference present in a video or audio signal Non Additive Mix NAM A transition between two video signals in which only the signal with the largest instantaneous amplitude at any point in the picture is visible NTSC The U S standard for encoded color TV transmission developed by the National Television System Committee This standard uses a 3 579545 MHz subcarrier whose phase varies with the instantaneous hue of the televised color and whose amplitude varies with the instantaneous saturation of the color A single frame picture in this standard consists of 525 scanning lines One frame is shown every 1 29 94 of a second Also see PAL Glossary O Octal A numerical notation system using a base of 8 Also see Binary and Hex On Air The state of a signal which is present at the switcher Program output Operating Program The complex sequence of instructions that determines the ability of a computer to both sequentially and concurrently run specific programs Also see Program and Routine Outline A title enhancement in which only the outline of the key is visible with the same background video outside and inside the outline P PAL Phase Alternating Line A transmission standard for encoded color television used in Europe and some other parts of the world This standard uses a 4 43361875 MHz subcarrier which is alternated 90 degrees in phase from one occurrence of a line to the next t
119. e CLEAR WORK BUFR button Same as above with addition of key memory parameters of the selected crosspoints that are cleared to the standard defaults Current crosspoints remain selected 5 To clear a Single Crosspoint Key Memory Hold a key bus crosspoint single press CLEAR WORK BUFR button Clears only the key memory portion of the Current Working Buffer for switcher key crosspoints held down Clears any split keys for that key crosspoint part of Key Memory NOTE Enabled level selection is ignored during this operation 6 Toclear a key memory for a key crosspoint and restore the held crosspoint level to the CWB state Hold a key bus crosspoint double press the CLEAR WORK BUFR button NOTE For the operations described in Step 5 and Step 6 above The ENABLES buttons on the E MEM Subpanel are not affected 1 A double press is defined as pushing the button twice within one second 4 5 Section 4 Switcher Operations Transitions Mix Effects Bus Operations A transition is a change from one combination of picture elements to another combination This change can take the form of a cut a mix or a wipe and can be used to switch background scenes or insert or remove a key We will use a Mix Effects bus to demonstrate basic transitions Set up the switcher crosspoint buses as follows for this Transitions subsection 1 Select M E 1 as the source on the PGM bus this directs M E loutputs to the PG
120. e DPM Setup Menu should be set to SWR IN This still provides the return video from the switcher being on a consistent crosspoint 0347 02 30 16 Inputs Model 4000 ABCDEFGH R Kaleid FEY YYYY Y Y Y Patch Panel Channel Pool Switcher N y Input A Aux 1 H ICI A Aux 2 10a HH Aux 3 ee H Aur d Be eee o Aux 5 LILI LILILILILI LILI Je Tei Aux 6 LH LAAI Aux 7 ALI oo Channel Channel 1 5 Logical Logi Logical gical enanngl Channel nanne To Other Suites VS Kaleidoscope Aux Bus Outputs Effects Send Capable Video Logical Channels From Other Suites Non Effects Send Video Figure 2 6 Example of Connections Using an External Router 2 49 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 50 Control Connection Three forms of control connection to the DPMs are supported These are m CPL Control Point Language m PBusll Peripheral Bus II m GPIs Control Point Language CPL is the communication protocol used to couple the switcher and Kaleidoscope One of its uses is to convey the physical to logical channel mapping information described previously It is also used for run control of effects aux bus selection including front back switching and tally When DPMTYPE is set to either KRYSTAL or KSCOPE in the DPM Setup Menu CPL is automatically invoked PORT ASSIGN should be set to PORT Af Also when either KRYSTAL or KSCOPE is selected as the DPM TYPE aux bus control is automatically assigned to
121. e Generator Operations Use the Background and Matte Generator controls to create a number of interesting mattes to serve as effects backgrounds or fills The following topics are covered in this subsection Matte selection User Defined Wash m Matte and Texture Menus m Super Black Secondary Wipe Wash Matte Selection To create a simple background matte follow the procedure below 1 5 Select a background source crosspoint on the A Bus The DSK Matte panel controls will automatically delegate to the Background Subpanel Select FLAT MATTE Watch the Program monitor and adjust Matte BRIGHTNESS to set the brightness luminance of the matte You may want to set a midrange brightness to begin with and fine tune the brightness later Adjust Matte SATURATION to set the saturation level of the matte Adjust HUE to set the matte color that you want User Defined Wash 4000 2B only Use the User Defined Wash feature to wash BKGD 1 with BKGD 2 The wash is changed by adjusting the matte controls on the DSK Matte Subpanel 1 Press the User Defined Wash button on the DSK Matte Subpanel Wipe Operations 2 Select BKGD 2 3 Adjusting the matte controls Hue Saturation and Brightness will now affect the second matte color 4 Press and hold the User Defined Wash button Adjust the Softness Offset or position to enlarge the edge or use TEXTURE to add a texture effect 5 Optional To fine tune the lo
122. e adjusted through the CURVE path type selection from the Keyframe Path Menu If CURVE is selected three soft knobs are provided to control the three parameters of the vector These are labeled Tension Continuity and Bias The adjustment of these controls can affect the keyframe path in various ways Interactions between the controls are numerous and each will be described in the following paragraphs You may want to experiment with the interactions by adjusting the controls in small increments In the following examples a physical path is shown between three keyframes The first keyframe KF1 is the upper left square the last keyframe KF3 is the lower right square The adjustments in these examples are applied to the middle keyframe only KF2 Keyframe Path Control Path Vectors With respect to the path between keyframes each keyframe is made up of three vector parameters as shown below The soft knob controls act on these vector parameters to adjust the path into entry and out of exit the keyframe The path through KF2 is parallel with an imaginary line drawn between KF1 and KF2 _ Tension Vector Kum xe BT Tension 0 0 KF3 B 5 Appendix B Keyframe Facts B 6 Tension Control In the example below the keyframes are at right angles so the TENSION control operates on a 45 line drawn through the keyframe This line is referred to as the Tension Vector and is parallel
123. e and list the parent directory Highlight the E MEM subdirectory and press CHILD DIRECTORY again to display the E MEM subdirectory and list its files Use the FILE SELECT soft knob to highlight file Effects1 Press the LOAD FILE button The Load File Menu displays Select LOAD for M E 1 and PGM PST DSK CAUTION Be careful with your selection It is possible to overwrite all E MEM registers or one bank of registers with one register 7 Select E MEM REGISTER with the E MEM LOAD SELECT soft knob 8 Press the DO LOAD button The menu displayed now is the Confirm File Load Menu Press DO LOAD to confirm the register recall Floppy Disk Drive Operations Loading Recalling Configuration Files from Disk This procedure describes loading switcher configuration files You can load all or part of a stored switcher configuration 1 2 Insert your diskette into the switcher disk drive Access the Disk Menu Press the CHILD DIRECTORY button to cause the switcher to read the diskette and list the parent directory Press CHILD DIRECTORY again to display the Config subdirectory and list its files Use the FILE SELECT soft knob to highlight file Config1 Press the LOAD FILE button The Load File Menu displays You can select any combination of the six switcher parameters listed at the bottom of the menu to LOAD or NO LOAD To include all switcher configuration data select LOAD for all six p
124. e of retrieval and use by a computer Also see Hard Disk Frame One complete video picture consisting of two interleaved fields In the NTSC system one frame makes up a complete TV scanning cycle 1 30th of a second In the PAL system two frames at 1 25th of a second are required to make up a complete TV scanning cycle Frame hardware The metal cabinet which contains the switcher s circuit boards Frame Lock Synchronization of the video signal with a time code Freeze Frame The recording or storage of a single frame of video Front Porch The portion of the video signal that occurs during blanking and extends from the end of active video to the beginning of sync G Gain An amplification adjustment of the key source attribute chrominance hue luminance etc to be used for keying The GAIN control affects the sharpness of the key edge Generation The number of times removed a dupe is from the original videotaped material A copy of the original is a second generation tape and so on GPI General Purpose Interface An electronic device containing several electronic switches that can be activated by a remote data signal GPIs allow the editing system to control various remote components Gray Scale Range of luminance levels from black to white H Halo Border A soft wipe pattern border which is mixed with different softness on each of the two edges to give a halo effect Hard Copy A prin
125. e the circuit boards G 9 Glossary contain several crosspoint switching matrices Matte An internally generated flat color signal which is adjustable for luminance hue and saturation Mattes may be used to fill areas of keys and borders Matte Key A key effect which employs a matte as the fill signal ME An abbreviation for mix effects Mix Dissolve Crossfade A transition between two video signals in which one signal is faded down as the other is faded up or in which one signal is faded in or out over the other Mix Effects M E An electronic system capable of processing video signals with other video or control signals Mix to Pattern Limit A transition limit in which the pattern edge between two video signals is set up with a lever arm and stored in microprocessor memory Mixer A control circuit in which two or more input video signals are multiplied with one or more non video control signals Modem A device that converts signals from a form compatible with data processing equipment to a form compatible with transmission facilities such a telephone lines and vice versa G 10 Monitor A device used for viewing video signals Multiplier An electronic control circuit the output of which is the product of a video input and a control input or the product of two control signal inputs N NAB National Association of Broadcasters Nanosecond ns One billionth of a second Nois
126. eady been properly shaped at the key source Load To transfer data to or from a storage device Looping Input Loop through An input that includes two connectors One connector accepts the input signal and the other connector is used as an output for connecting the input signal to another piece of equipment or to a monitor Luminance The quantitative attribute of light measured as luminous intensity Corresponds to the sensation of brightness Luminance Key A key effect in which the portions of the key source that are greater in luminance than the clip level cut the hole in the background scene In luminance keying any video brightness level above the clip level will insert the key any level below the clip level will turn the key off In the key invert mode this clip relationship is reversed MII Format A color difference video format that uses the Y R Y B Y components Macro A function that provides for one keystroke to take the place of many keystrokes Mask A pattern used to obscure parts of a video key Mask Key A key effect in which the keying signal is masked gated by an adjustable mask window that may be positioned anywhere on the screen The mask may be set to force either foreground or background as desired Matrix 1 An array of input and output signal lines whose intersections form crosspoints 2 The switcher frame with circuit boards installed is sometimes called the matrix becaus
127. ect Keyframe Path Control With the bias set to 1 00 the path is pulled towards the previous keyframe Entrance and exit to the keyframe are on a straight line from the previous keyframe see Example 8 and the path of the effect travels completely through KF2 before turning towards KF3 Example 8 v ge A f f Entry Bias KF1 s KF ul Bias 1 0 Tension Vector KF3 Appendix B Keyframe Facts With the bias set to 1 00 the path is pulled towards the following keyframe Entrance and exit to the keyframe are a straight line pointed to the following keyframe see Example 9 Example 9 A Exit Bias Tension Vector i Xx Bias zc s E 4 A D T KF1 rd KF2 Bias 1 0 KF3 C Appendix C Super Black Definition of Super Black Objective Limitations Super Black is a video signal that is lower than the usual black level 7 5 IRE in NTSC 0 IRE in PAL and Component video The actual level of the signal below black varies from situation to situation and is often limited by the device that is used to record the signal Typically 0 IRE is used although values as low as 5 IRE or 10 IRE are being used The main reason for using super black is to enable the video including regular black to be separated by a keyer s clip and gain circuit from the surrounding super black level This enables a recorded video signal whi
128. ected to those outputs These settings control the states of the shapers and unshapers on the Aux Bus outputs The LOGICAL column indicates the logical aux bus being used This may be different from the physical aux bus when the Model 4000 is connected to a Kaleidoscope or other DPM that is able to control the aux buses This column is informational only You can not change it from this menu 2 67 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 68 AUX BUS SHAPING MENU config aux bus format aux bus shaping PHYSICAL AUX BUS 1 AUX BUS 2 LOGICAL AUX BUS 1 SHAPED AUX BUS 2 UNSHAPED AUX BUS 3 AUX BUS 3 UNSHAPED AUX BUS 4 AUX BUS 4 UNSHAPED AUX 1 UNSHAPED PHYS AUX SELECT VIDEO KEY FMT NOTE Since the process of unshaping the video signal results in dividing the video signal by its key level errors especially around black may produce extreme signal levels where the key is at or near zero Kaleidoscope ignores these extraneous signals but they may cause problems with external sync separators or clamps Therefore it is recommended that connections to Kaleidoscope inputs be made directly from the 4000 Aux Bus outputs When the Effects Send option is not present the VIDEO KEY FMT selections are not visible in the menu Switcher Concepts This section describes a few basic concepts that you should know before you operate your switcher You might
129. eek Soft Button and Soft Knob References In the text soft buttons and soft knobs are shown in bold using the button or knob label in the display for example CHR KEY SELECT soft button SHADOW GAIN soft knob xvi MMloglel 4000 D IGITAL System Overview This section presents a general description of the Grass Valley Group Model 4000 2A Model 4000 2B and 4000 3 Production Component Digital Switching Systems The Control Panel and Signal Processor descriptions provide a basic knowledge of the Model 4000 basic architecture All descriptions apply to all three models except when noted by either 2A 2B zs symbol in the margin 1 1 Section 1 System Overview Basic Architecture 1 2 The Model 4000 is a component digital switcher It can manipulate CCIR 601 serial component digital and analog component video and key signals through the use of 10 bit digital processing Video inputs and outputs can be a combination of component analog and digital bit serial depending upon the configuration of your installation and the optional input and output modules installed The Model 4000 2A and 4000 2B provide two full function mix effects subsystems and a program preset mixer A dual DSK 1 and DSK 2 downstream keyer DSK subsystem is also available On the 2A model the DSK is functionally similar to a mix effect subsystem The DSK subsystem doesn t have Chroma Key capability also PGM
130. end Operations Option 4 68 Setup The Effects Send option purchased separately allows video key signals in an M E to be routed outside the switcher for processing by an external device such as a DPM Digital Picture Manipulator and then brought back into the same crosspoint Looping mode or another crosspoint Non Looping mode for mixing and output The switcher Aux Buses are used to output the video key signals to the external device There are two ways to use Effects Send Looping Mode and Non Looping Mode Both methods are described and demonstrated below Refer to your Operator s Reference Section 2 Preview Aux Bus Source Select and Delegate Subpanel for more information NOTE The A and B Keyers BKGD Aand BKGD B buttons selected on the Keyer Subpanel are available for Effects Send only when the MJE is in Layered Mode m Clear the switcher see Clearing the Switcher on page 4 4 m Connect Auxiliary Bus 1 video and key outputs from the switcher Serial Output Module as follows m 2200 Serial Output 3 outputs labeled J5 video and J7 video key m 3000 Aux 1 outputs labeled A video and B video and key m 4000 Serial Output 3 outputs labeled J1 video and J3 video key Connect these Aux Bus outputs to the DPM inputs Effects Send Operations Option Connect the DPM outputs to switcher primary inputs numbered J7 and J8 of the Serial Input Module Map the DPM Inputs DPM Map I
131. er DPM Configurations 6 Reset the Control Processor in the Model 4000 Signal Processor frame This is done by opening the front door of the Processor and pressing the RESET button located near the top of the Control Processor module Communication should now be established between the Model 4000 and DVEous Software Setup Kaleidoscope Source Button Mapping The DPM K Scope Sources Menu shown below allows you to map Kaleidoscope video source crosspoints to your switcher video source crosspoints The first time you use this menu you must set user defaults After setting defaults you can map crosspoints as required Map Kaleidoscope video source crosspoints as follows From the DPM Setup Menu press DPM K SCOPE SOURCES to access the DPM K Scope Sources Menu Push SET DEFAULTS to set user defaults Scroll the menu table selection fields with the K SCOPE BUTTON soft knob Highlight the K Scope button number you want to map Use the SWITCHER BUTTON soft knob to set the desired switcher video source crosspoint to the Kaleidoscope video source crosspoint DPM K SCOPE SOURCES MENU config extern if dpm setup dpm k scope sources K SCOPE BTN SWR BTN K SCOPE BTN SWR BTN K SCOPE BTN SWR BTN DIAL IN SWITCHER 0 1 XPT BUTTON FOR 11 12 22 23 K SCOPE SOURCE 12 13 23 24 BUTTON 13 14 24 sn 14 15 25 S2 15 16 26 S 16 17 27 S 4 17 18 28 S 5 18 19 29 MEA K
132. er Module option Analog Component signals may also be used as Chroma Key sources Keyers in each Mix Effects bank provide outputs to the Mixer Interface crosspoints for sending outside the switcher for external processing or for routing to the M E mixers and wipe generators The Effects Send outputs can be directed to the FrameStore option for image capture Functional Description Each M E and the DSK has two keyers and two background buses A and B as inputs In standard mode Keyers 1 and 2 can be mixed into a composite video and key which can be forwarded to the DSK another M E or output In layered mode Backgrounds A and B are also used as keyers the same as Keyers 1 and 2 Preview capability allows monitoring of sources at many points in the signal flow You can preview video from the M E mixers Flip Flop Mix and DSK mixer switched preview bus or mask bus Eight level sensitive GPI inputs are provided You can assign each of the GPI inputs via the GPI Input menu to perform a specific function when triggered The editor interface consists of an asynchronous RS 422 38 4K baud serial communications port managed by a communications processor Refer to the Model 4000 Serial Protocols manual for information on software functions and protocols observed by the editor port Section 1 System Overview DUAL nd CHROMA KEY hroma K INPUT V inputs MODULES Aux Bus 1A 4B Aux Bus 1A 4B
133. eriment with different wipe parameters to create different pattern effects Figure 4 2 Pattern Mix Transition Example 1 4 12 Wipe Operations Most pattern modifiers are located on the Wipe Subpanel Positioning the lever arm to the middle position allows the wipe parameters to be seen as changes are made Wipe Direction Select the desired direction NORMAL REVERSE or FLIP FLOP NORMAL the original video is in the black part of the icon the new video is in white REVERSE the opposite of NORMAL FLIP FLOP cycles between NORMAL and REVERSE wipes If NORMAL button is lit the next transition will be Normal or vice versa Edge Width Select BORDER and adjust WIDTH Border Color Adjust BRIGHTNESS SATURATION and HUE controls on the M E 1 Matte Subpanel and WIDTH and OPACITY on the Wipe Subpanel Edge Softness Select SOFT and adjust SOFTNESS Position Move the Positioner joystick to move the pattern if desired To return the pattern to center press CENTER 4 13 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 14 Rotation Type Aspect Adjust the three Rotation Type Controls on the Wipe Subpanel as desired ROT POS set the rotation angle of object controlled with turns of ROTATE Knob ROT SPD Selects continuous rotation ROTATE Knob sets speed and direction ROT MAG locks the rotation movement to thelever arm ROTATE Knob sets amount of rotation Stretch the Wipe
134. ern Wipe Modifiers Adjust the Aspect Rotation Direction Multiplication controls as desired Wipe Modulation Adjust as desired from the Wipe Modulate Menu 4 29 Section 4 Switcher Operations 5 To adjust the opacity of the key layer adjust KEY OPACITY in the Keyer Menu 6 Transition the key on air as explained previously Figure 4 6 Preset Pattern Key 1 4 30 Preset Pattern Keying Operations Figure 4 7 Preset Pattern Key 2 The effect shown in Figure 4 10 was created as follows Preset Pattern Key over background with dropshadows added using the Pattern Generator Section 4 Switcher Operations Layered Mode Operations 4 32 The M E Keyers may be used in a Layering Mode In Layered mode the A and B buses function as keyers rather than background buses This mode is selectable on the M E Mode Menu To set up Layered Mode 1 Access the M E Mode Menu or double press the BKG B button on the Transition Panel 2 Select M E 1 3 Select LAYERED Mode 4 Adjust the KEY OPACITY soft knobs to adjust the opacity of each layer as required These adjustments can help control excessive video levels that may occur in this mode NOTE To keep levels to acceptable limits set the matte generator chroma limiting MATTE GEN LIM to BOTH in the Configuration System Parameters Menu 5 Verify Layered mode operation When this mode is active the A and B buses can perfo
135. es are assigned to DPMs using the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu m Return input connections are configured using the DPM Map Inputs Menu m The mapping of a return connection to a crosspoint is done using the Configuration Map Inputs Menu m The video delay is set using the DPM Setup Menu The system defaults to all aux buses being part of the MISC E MEM level When an aux bus is configured for use with an external DPM its settings are no longer saved in the MISC level but are saved in the relevant DPM level when an E MEM register is learned Information such as aux bus crosspoint selection is learned for each DPM on separate E MEM levels In cases where it is not desirable to have an aux bus selection learned recalled on the MISC level it is possible to configure the aux bus to a DPM level such as DPM 4 and never enable that level An example would be if the aux bus were controlled by a Remote Aux panel DPM Capabilities Fixed and Pooled The characteristics of the DPM are configured in the DPM Setup Menu The first choice to be made is selection of DPM TYPE from NONE KSCOPE OTHER POOL or OTHER FIXED The DPM TYPE of NONE indicates that there is no external DPM device used for the particular DPM level However it can also be used for cases where aux buses are assigned to a DPM level but there is no physical device no return signal and no control connection for example an aux bus dedicated to feeding a video monitor 1
136. es siessen 0006 B 1 Master Timeline 0 00 00 ccc cece RR n B 1 Enables and Delegates 66606 c ccc B 2 Keyframe Path Control 0 6 B 4 Tension Continuity and Bias Controls 000 B 4 Path VecloES e oderint hectares erie eters dre ota eden ate ote B 5 Tension Control sese nen B 6 Continuity Control 0 6 cece eee B 9 Bias Control eo eee eee eres certe ea Ea B 12 Contents Appendix C Super Black Definition of Super Black n 06 eee nee C 1 OBCCHVG ne cca wa os ag peri ew he See EREHEP eT ky Y pee REES C 1 Limitations iu caer e darting t odes au eg eae guten aepo ota Cl lr cT C2 Using the Super Black Output 0 6 cane C 2 Generating Super Black 66666 C 3 First Method 2 04054 phon ae nde REX niie Her CE SER ea C 4 Second Method 0 cece cee eee eee C 4 Reconstructing the Signal 6 cece cee eee C 5 Glossary Index Preface Welcome to the Model 4000 This manual is intended to provide you the video switching system operator with the information you need for operating this Digital Production Switcher This manual and the other manuals in this set see Related Documents describe these switcher models m 4000 2A m 4000 2B m 4000 3 and 4000 3T where T Truck panel Organization of This Manual This manual is organized as follows Section 1 System Overview Describes the switcher and how it is operated via
137. ese tasks Select GVG Defaults on the Config User Prefs Define Defaults Menu if you are not sure what setups you need Switcher Hardware Setup The following requirements are needed in order to complete the procedures in this guide Two separate video sources These can be any still or moving video sources and will be referred to as Source 1 and Source 2 A Character Generator set up with three lines of text available with a key signal This will be referred to as the Title 1 A Digital Video effects source such as Kaleidoscope Krystal DVEous or DPM 700 with key to be referred to as DPM Set up with a box with soft white borders and positioned in the top right of the screen Two video monitors 1 for Program on air and 1 for Preview The preview monitor is useful if you have the Look Ahead Preview option These video sources should be mapped to known switcher crosspoint buttons along with the internal Black and the Background signals If this has not been done refer to the switcher configuration information in Software Setup in Section 2 of this guide Starting Conditions Figure 4 1 Source 1 Figure 4 2 Source 2 4 3 Section 4 Switcher Operations CLEAR WORK BUFR CONST DUR I NEXT CUT COPY GET PUT GO TO KF KF DUR PASTE TIME ICURSR MARK CURSR MARK OHH fall Part of E MEM Subpanel MARK BLOCK 4 4 MOD GO
138. esulting in a cleaner key Foreground suppression is essentially a second chroma keyer that allows you to detect and remove the background color and its variations that splash onto foreground objects as sometimes happens when the foreground object is placed near the background The detected foreground splash color is replaced with a neutral color and luminance value that restores the natural color of the foreground object Section 3 Switcher Concepts Coring Both background and foreground suppression include menu controls for selecting the hue to be replaced and for adjusting the luminance and chrominance levels in the areas of the picture where suppression is applied NOTE Refer to The descriptions and illustrations in Chroma Keying Operations in Section 4 of this manual Coring is a video noise reducing operation in which pixels below a predetermined luminance threshold are replaced by clean black pixels During keying the black eliminates any noise surrounding the fill video that might otherwise add to the background causing noisy key edges A menu selection enables or disables the coring function and allows adjustment of the coring level to ensure that video is fully removed in the key area Layering Layering Lamina Video Compositing is a feature that enables up to four video layers to be composited in a single mix effects system The composite image can then be used as a key source or a backgr
139. eyframe is entered with a default duration time of one second Each level M E 1 M E 2 etc has its own timeline and its own Time Cursor A Master Timeline is displayed as the top timeline in the menu If there is only one keyframe in the effect the single keyframe and the Master Timeline are one and the same The Master Timeline is a composite of the timelines of all enabled levels All effect time positions are referenced to the Master Timeline The Master Timeline has its own Time Cursor Note that only the Master Timeline has numbered keyframes For more information on Timelines refer to Appendix B Keyframe Timelines 4 59 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 60 Run through the following steps to see how to manipulate timelines 1 Recall the previous effect from the E MEM register Display the Timeline Menu The display shows the current position in the effect A cursor called the time cursor shows the current time position To change the duration of keyframe 1 Position the cursor at keyframe 1 Press KF DUR Enter a new time of 3 seconds press 3 on the E MEM Keypad Press ENTER c Press MOD To change the duration within an effect not on a keyframe Press GO TO TIME On the E MEM Keypad enter a time of 2 seconds 15 frames and 1 field Type 2 dot 15 dot 1 ENTER You can enter times in seconds frames and fields or just frames Both frame and field numbers must be pre
140. frame Pressing the MOD button once enters any changes that have been made on any delegated level on a single keyframe A double press of MOD will make the same changes on all keyframes in the effect If you want to make a global change to all keyframes on one level in an effect use MOD ALL ABSOLUTE a selection in the Keyframe Menu This is a useful tool if you want to change all parameters for all keyframes on a single level For example you could change the background color from green to blue in all keyframes on a level The effect of the Mod operation on each individual level depends on whether the Time Cursor is on a keyframe or on the path on that level and whether changes have been made on that level Keyframe Operations On delegated levels that are on a keyframe modification of the keyframe occurs if something has changed On delegated levels that are not on a keyframe an insert on the path is done if something has changed 1 Goto the keyframe you want to change 2 Make the changes NOTE There is no UNDO for MOD 3 Press MOD once for a single keyframe change a Press MOD twice to make the same changes on all keyframes in the effect b Press MOD ALL ABSOLUTE Keyframe Menu to change all parameters for all keyframes on a single level Working With Keyframe Timelines The Timeline Menu displays the keyframes and keyframe durations for each enabled level in the selected E MEM register Each k
141. g 1 2 Select Key 1 on the M E 1 Transition Subpanel Select the Title 1 crosspoint button on the Key 1 Bus When you select a crosspoint Key Memory automatically recalls the key type and the adjustments last used with that crosspoint Press AUTO SELECT KEY on the M E 1 Keyers Subpanel to create a key using both the fill and the external key source assigned to the crosspoint Selecting VIDEO KEY produces a self key using the fill video assigned to the crosspoint to both key from and fill with Select LUM KEY or LIN linear KEY Note that LUM KEY is often used for video self keys and LINEAR KEY is typically used when keying from anti aliased graphics characters or digital effects images that provide an external keying signal in addition to their fill video 1 A key from the video portion of the Title will result if no key is assigned to Title 1 This is done in the Config Inputs Map Inputs Menu 4 24 Luminance and Linear Keying Operations 5 Clipand gain adjustments are done differently for luminance and linear keying In the Luminance Key Mode clip and gain have a wider range of control In Linear Key Mode clip and Gain adjustments produce a modified Linear Key This is indicated by the LUM KEY button being lit as well as the LIN KEY To clear the modification press LIN KEY again the LUM KEY light will go out With these facts in mind Set GAIN fully on CW and watch the preview monitor as you adjust CLIP
142. g to your studio plan and that all inputs and outputs are connected properly How To Use This Manual If you are an experienced switcher operator you may choose to go directly from Startup to operating the switcher and refer to the Control Panel Descriptions section in the Operation Reference manual only when you need to know more about the operation of a specific control Experienced operators may also wish to refer to some parts of Section 4 Switcher Operations to learn about topics such as Chroma Keying Effects Send and how to set up keyframes a set of switcher parameters stored in an E MEM register If you are not an experienced operator you should read or scan this entire guide You should first read Section 1 System Overview and Section 3 Switcher Concepts to learn switcher basics Next review the Startup and Configuration section to get a feel for the switcher setups and configurations Finally practice with and use the task oriented procedures presented in the Switcher Operations section that apply to your operations on the switcher To quickly locate specific areas of interest refer to the master Table of Contents in the front of the manual or the local Table of Contents located at the front of each manual section If you have any comments about this manual we would like to hear from you Please write to Tektronix Inc Grass Valley Products Technical Publications Department PO Box 1114 Grass
143. gnal on that Keyer and select Chroma Key mode 4 35 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 36 3 Selecta neutral gray as the initial background signal These adjustments can either be made manually or via an automatic setup mechanism To use the Auto Setup continue with the following text to use the Manual Adjustment procedure refer to page 4 37 NOTE All knobs on the Switcher panel incorporate acceleration logic that means the speed you turn a knob affects the amount a parameter is modified for the same rotation For example if a knob is rotated slowly in one direction then rapidly returned to the original position chances are the value of the parameter will NOT be the same as the initial value Therefore it is necessary to make all adjustments slowly to stay under the acceleration threshold Failure to do so can make your Chroma Keyer setup difficult Auto Setup An automatic setup mechanism is available to rough in the Chroma Key In some cases with well designed chroma key studio sets the auto setup produces a usable key with no further adjustments However additional manual adjustments made after the auto setup can almost always improve the key To use Auto Setup 1 Select CHR KEY SETUP AUTO SETUP in the menus The Model 4000 2A panel also provides an AUTO SETUP button on the panel A cursor displays on the keyer s output Use the wipe positioner to position the cursor over a portion of the background to
144. gure 4 4 Pattern Mix Complete The effect shown in Figure 4 7 was created as follows Primary Wipe Geneator creates a rectangle wipe Secondary Wipe Generator creates a vertical wipe The Primary mixes with the Secondary The Secondary mixes to texture 4 18 Wipe Operations Fade to Black Cut wipe or fade the switcher output to black at any time by simply pressing the PST BLACK button on the Transition Subpanel Then pressing the CUT button cuts to black while AUTO TRANS or a Lever Arm transition will do either a mix or wipe to black depending on the delegation status on the Transition Subpanel The transition to black takes precedence over the entire output of the M E Therefore everything will go to black regardless of panel delegation When black is reached it is automatically selected on the A Bus regardless of which crosspoint button it is mapped to If itis not mapped all buttons will be unlit To transition from black 1 Make a transition using cut mix or wipe OR 2 Cuttoa new source on the A Bus NOTE If you cut on the A Bus any keys that would have transitioned ON are dropped 4 19 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 20 Setting Transition Rates You can adjust the transition rate for an auto transition or Key mix DSK mix on the 4000 2B using any rate from 1 to 999 frames 1 Inthe E MEM Subpanel select TRAN RATE The query SET WHICH RATE displays 2 Delegate to t
145. he Transition subpanel that you want to set an auto transition rate for by pressing M E 1 ME 2 PGM PST or DSK You can change all at once by pressing ENABL ALL 3 The display queries RATE 4 Use the E MEM numeric keypad to enter the number of television frames for the transition rate Enter a rate from 0 999 5 Press ENTER to complete the rate entry If 3 numbers are used the completion is automatic If less than 3 numbers are entered complete the entry with the ENTER button The transition rate shown in the rate display near the associated transition controls changes to the new rate NOTE Steps 6 9 apply only to Models 3000 3 4000 2A and 4000 3 Wipe Operations 10 If entering a transition rate for an M E the display queries KEY 1 RATE Use the E MEM numeric keypad to enter the number of television frames for the KEY 1 transition rate Enter a rate from 0 999 The display queries KEY 2 RATE Use the E MEM numeric keypad to enter the number of television frames for the KEY 2 transition rate Enter a rate from 0 999 To display the current Key Rates select KEY 1 KEY 2 DSK 1 DSK 2 on the Transition Subpanel then press SHOW KEY on the Keyer DSK Keyer If you decide not to learn a transition you can cancel it by pressing the transition button again Or press ENTER with no entry to select the next rate 4 21 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 22 Background and Matt
146. he control panel and additional patterns may be selected from the Wipe Wipe Pattern Menu Figure 3 1 A Wipe Transition 3 8 Keys Keys A key is an effect in which parts of one picture are inserted into another to create a composite picture For example keys are used to insert captions to place a small news scene or graphic over the shoulder of a newscaster or to place the image of a weather reporter in front of a weather map There are several types of keys each of which serves a different purpose These will be briefly described on the following pages Luminance Key A luminance key shown in Figure 3 2 uses the brightness information in one picture called the key source to cut a hole in another picture called the background A third picture called the fill is inserted into the hole to fill it A clip control allows the operator to set the level of key source brightness that will cut the hole so that any part of the picture that is lower in brightness than the clip setting is ignored and will not cut the hole The operator can also invert the key so that dark areas of the source cut the hole instead of bright areas Key Source zu Fill Video Background with Key and Fill Inserted Figure 3 2 Luminance Key Example 3 9 Section 3 Switcher Concepts To use an example suppose you want to insert a green logo into some background video You could print the logo in white on black paper and then f
147. ht the Config subdirectory Note For this example scenario this is where you want to place all your configuration setup files Invoke the Save File Menu Disk Save File a Usethe SAVE SELECT soft knob to select CONFIG You can select any combination of the six switcher parameters listed at the bottom of the menu to SAVE or NO SAVE To include all switcher configuration data select SAVE for all six parameters listed b Press the NAME FILE button to complete this menu and invoke the Name File Menu In the Name File Menu select the characters Config1 in the File Name box then press the ACCEPT NAME button A maximum of eight characters may be used Confirm the name with a Yes when the Confirm File Save Menu displays The system automatically appends a CFG extension to the filename for this example Config1 CFG 4 85 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 86 Loading Recalling E MEM Files from Disk This procedure describes loading E MEM files You can load a stored E MEM effect from disk into an E MEM register for example register 23 You can also load an entire E MEM bank of 10 registers or all E MEM registers NOTE The register file extension for example R23 mandates that the recall will be read into register number 23 Insert your E MEM effects diskette into the switcher disk drive Access the Disk Menu Press the CHILD DIRECTORY button to cause the switcher to read the diskett
148. ideo from character generators and DPMs that generate or are set to generate Shaped video outputs A 3 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Examples of Operation With Shaped amp Unshaped Fill Video A 4 NOTE Since the shaped fill video must be accurately timed to the key signal it normally must come from the same external device that generates the key Illustrations are included on the following pages to show what happens when the switcher input is configured properly and improperly to accept shaped or unshaped fill video In these examples the video fill comes from a DPM that provides both a key signal and a fill video signal Figure A 13 shows the key signal from the DPM and Figure A 14 shows the Shaped fill video from the DPM when it is set for a Shaped output Unshaped fill video from the DPM when it is set for an Unshaped output is shown in Figure A 15 Note the hard noisy edges at the outer edge of the key This noise is normal and will not appear in the final composite Figure A 13 Appearance of Key Signal to be Used from DPM Examples of Operation With Shaped amp Unshaped Fill Video Figure A 14 Appearance of Shaped Video From DPM Figure A 15 Appearance of Unshaped Video From DPM A 5 Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video A 6 Correct Input Configuration Background dX Key Foreground Key Fill AA Shaped Figure A 16 and Figure A 18 show how the swi
149. in the middle of the tub is lit Verify that the Model 4000 sign on logo is displayed on the Menu Display Verify that the panel pushbutton lamps are on and that the E MEM and Transition subpanel readout LEDs are on If any of the above conditions are not present turn the system power off and refer to the Diagnostics and Troubleshooting section in the Installation and Service manual 2 1 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Booting Up Software Setup When the system is turned on the switcher will initialize into a defined default state This default state may be either a user defined default or a GVG factory default of switcher enabled levels as selected in the Define Defaults Menu see Section 3 Model 4000 Operation Reference manual The system parameters to be used at your site are usually configured following installation of the equipment Use the following procedures to configure the 4000 system to your installation In addition to assigning sources the process includes setting configuring inputs output levels external interfaces and system parameters These functions are accessed via the Control Panel Configuration Menu sub menus see Figures 2 1 2 2 and 2 3 Parts 1 through 3 The Configuration Menu 2 2 The Configuration Menu is a top level menu which provides access to the User Preferences System Parameters Inputs Outputs External Interface and Aux Bus Formats sub menus Software Setup
150. is applied to a key input only if the external key is being used with video or superblack From the Inputs Menu press the MAP INPUTS gt button to select the Map Inputs Menu MAP INPUTS MENU VIDEO INPUT config inputs map inputs 4 DIG SER RGB SETUP KEY INPUT 1 DIG SER 8 BIT SETU P SYNC XPT BUTTON XPT BUTTON NUMBER NAME CHROMA KEY INPUT 38 NONE UNSHAPED SHIFT 14 INTERNAL SHAPED Use the Preset Bus to select button number VIDEO CETA VIDEO LOG PHYS NAME XPT KEY FMT ASSIGNMENT BUTTON gt 1 With the VIDEO KEY FMT button select UNSHAPED VIDEO or SHAPED VIDEO Inputs should be set for UNSHAPED VIDEO unless otherwise required 2 With the LOG PHYS ASSIGNMENT button select PHYS INPUTS 2 31 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 32 3 Press the crosspoint button on the PST bus that you want to map All crosspoints in that vertical column will have the same inputs 4 Usethe appropriate soft knob to select the desired type of input Note that input formats are displayed when selecting input type NOTE Undefined buttons default to black 5 If mapping a chroma key input use the CHROMA KEY INPUT soft knob to assign the chroma key type for the currently selected crosspoint button Refer to DPM Map Aux Bus Menu under DPM Configuring in this section for use of the LOG CHANNEL function of the LOG PHYS ASSIGNMENT button Naming Crosspoint Buttons
151. itcher when you do a Learn or Recall individual M Es are simply levels in the Master E MEM register In Normal mode on a 3 M E Switcher when you do a Learn or Recall the Master E MEM forces all individual enabled M Es to align with the same register that the Master E MEM is pointing to and causes the individual M Es to learn the current Switcher setup into those aligned registers E MEM Effects Memory Operations Learn A Register We will look at how the Learn operation works with Auto Run Auto Recall and Effects Dissolve in the Normal mode Auto Recall m Auto Recall ON Switcher learns the current Switcher enables into the Master E MEM register m Auto Recall OFF Switcher does not learn Switcher enables into the Master E MEM register Auto Run m Auto Run ON Operation does two things m Enables the Auto Run function m Turns on Independent Timeline runs m Auto Run OFF Operation does two things m Disables the Auto Run function m Turns on Master Timeline runs NOTE In a later Switcher software release Independent and Master Timeline runs will be controlled by a menu selection Effects Dissolve m Effects Dissolve ON Switcher learns that Effects Dissolve is on into the Master E MEM register m Effects Dissolve OFF Dissolve is not learned into Master E MEM register 4 45 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 46 Recall A Register We will look at how the Recall operation works
152. key sources are faithfully reproduced Anti aliased sources such as the output of a character generator or graphics system have soft edges that produce a mix between the fill and the background at the key edge A linear key preserves this edge as well as DPM soft edges drop shadows etc Preset Pattern Key A preset pattern key or preset wipe is a key in which the shape of a wipe pattern cuts the hole in the background video The fill video is selected on the Key bus and the Wipe pattern controls and menus are used to select and adjust the key source pattern 3 11 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Shaped and Unshaped Video 3 12 Shaping and unshaping are generally involved only in keying and compositing situations Whenever a key is performed there are always three signals the key source the key fill fill video and the background video The key signal cuts a hole in the background into which the fill video is inserted Devices such as character generators often output both the key signal and the fill video Shaped Video Fill video that has been multiplied by a key signal to produce a raster image to be inserted into a key hole cut in background video by the same key signal An example of shaped video is the fill video output of a character generator which consists of characters on a black matte Unshaped Video Previously shaped fill or composited video that has been unshaped by an unshaping processor
153. l device to which that trigger will be sent 4 Turnthe FUNCTION NUMBER to select the device function that will be triggered by a trigger message on the Peripheral II Bus 2 64 Software Setup The device functions for a DPM 700 depend on whether the DPM is operating in trigger mode or E MEM recall mode as listed in Table 2 1 Table 2 1 DPM 700 Functions Trigger DPM Trigger Function DPM E MEM Recall 0 Function not defined Not valid 1 STOP DPM RECALL REGISTER 1 2 RUN DPM RECALL REGISTER 2 3 NEXT KEYFRAME DPM RECALL REGISTER 3 4 PREVIOUS KEYFRAME DPM RECALL REGISTER 4 5 STOP NEXT DPM RECALL REGISTER 5 6 REVERSE DPM RECALL REGISTER 6 7 REWIND DPM RECALL REGISTER 7 8 KEYER AUTO TRANS DPM RECALL REGISTER 8 9 KEYER CUT DPM RECALL REGISTER 9 10 FADE TO BLACK AUTO TRANS DPM RECALL REGISTER 10 11 FADE TO BLACK CUT DPM RECALL REGISTER 11 12 COMBINER AUTO TRANS DPM RECALL REGISTER 12 13 COMBINER CUT DPM RECALL REGISTER 13 14 Function not defined DPM RECALL REGISTER 14 15 Function not defined DPM RECALL REGISTER 15 2 65 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Formatting Aux Buses There are nine pairs of Aux buses on the Model 4000 designated A1 through A9 and B1 through B9 Aux pairs one through four are not configurable video key only Aux buses pairs five through nine can be configured as video video or video key signals In addition Aux buses 1 4 A and B may be config
154. l luminance and chrominance from exceeding the NTSC transmission standard VALID RGB Limits colors to those which generate red green and blue values within the 0 to 10076 range BOTH Selects a valid RGB color limiter which also prevents the encoded signal envelope from exceeding NTSC transmission level This is the system default mode NONE Turns off all algorithm methods for matte generator limiting SET CLOCK opens the Set Clock Menu which allows you to set the system time and date 2 23 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Setting the System Clock Use the Set Clock Menu to set the system date and time 1 From the System Parameters Menu press the SET CLOCK gt soft button to display the Set Clock Menu SET CLOCK MENU config system param set clock CLOCK April 1 1994 8 31 AM Press CONFIRM button to update the clock setting SELECT CONFIRM If the date and or time are incorrect they may be reset as follows 2 Set the date by selecting DATE with the SELECT button and turning the soft knobs to select the appropriate YEAR MONTH and DAY 3 Press the CONFIRM button to enter the new date 2 24 Software Setup 4 Setthe time by selecting TIME with the SELECT button and using the soft knobs to select the HOUR MINUTE and SECOND SET CLOCK MENU config system param set clock cLock MINUTE December 5 1993 5 07 53 PM
155. l delay as follows From the External Interface Menu press DPM IF to bring up the DPM Setup Menu EFF SEND DELAY config extern if dpm setup 2 fields DEVICE 1 DEVICE 2 EFF SEND CONTROL DELAY DELAY E MEM LEVELS DEVOUS PORT A1 2 7 DPM 1 OTHER FIXED NONE DPM2 DEVICE 3 DEVICE 4 NONE NONE 0 DPM3 NONE NONE 0 DPM 4 CONTROL DELAY 7 fields KSCOPE KRYSTAL DVEOUS OTHER FIXED DPM1 NONE DEVICE SELECT DPM CHANNEL DPM MAP DPM MAP TYPE ROUTING AUX BUSES gt INPUTS gt For Kaleidoscope 1 Set the DPMTYPE to KSCOPE 2 Turn the VIDEO DELAY soft knob to select 2 fields It is important to set this delay correctly 3 Turn the CONTROL DELAY soft knob to select 6 fields 4 Press the PORT ASSIGN button to assign PORT A1 to the DPM The baud rate for Port A1 is fixed at 307 K baud Software Setup Set CHANNEL ROUTING for BOTH or SWR IN depending upon your system configuration as described previously under DPM Configurations Reset the Control Processor in the Model 4000 Signal Processor frame This is done by opening the front door of the Processor and pressing the RESET button located near the top of the Control Processor module Communication should now be established between the Model 4000 and Kaleidoscope For Krystal Set the DPM TYPE to KRYSTAL Turn the VIDEO DELAY soft knob to select 2 fields It is important t
156. l during which the picture is shut off to keep the screen dark during vertical and horizontal retrace 2 A standard signal from a television sync generator used to create blanking in video Blanking Processor A circuit which strips blanking and sync from the source video and replaces it with blanking and sync from a reference source Boot The process of loading a computer operating system for use usually automatically upon power up or manually by pushbutton Border A title enhancement in which a matte is added around the holes cut by the key signal Glossary Borderline8 A GVG electronic system which produces a border around a title an outline of the title a shadow alongside the title or an extrusion of the title Brightness The relative intensity of light determined by the sum of responses of the eye to the component wavelengths Buffer An isolating component used to eliminate the loading of a driving circuit by the circuit s being driven Bus A circuit which provides a path for the transfer of information from any of several sources to any of several destinations Bus Master The device currently in control of the bus in a system where control is shared between the CPU and one or more other devices Byte A sequence of bits operated on in parallel as a unit The number of bits per byteis determined by the design of the computing device usually 8 16 or 32 Also see Bit and Word C
157. lay Adjust LUMAbackground suppression Reduce the luminance of the background to zero If there is uneven lighting compromise between too much suppression and some lightening of the keyed in background source Optimization Adjustments It is now time to optimize the keyer setups 1 If you are using an external analog key source such as RGB from a camera verify that the input timing is correct Temporarily turn on FGD RESHAPE in the CHR KEY KEY ADJUST and look for unequal black lines at the left and right sides of the foreground object Refer to System Timing in Section 2 Installation and Service manual for adjustment details if necessary Chroma Keying Operations Turn FGD RESHAPE off Optimize the CLIP and GAIN Refer to Step 4 under Basic Manual Adjustment on page 4 37 but do not start from scratch settings Remember adjust CLIP first then GAIN Optimize SELECTIVITY to obtain as much foreground as possible looking closely at areas which contain some blue fringing for example hair or glass Observing the SHOW KEY display may help this with adjustment Optimize CHROMA background suppression to eliminate the color of the background Too much suppression results in the background taking on its complementary color If a vector monitor is available the correct adjustment places the background dot in the center of the display The initial adjustment usually produces the correct setting but it is important
158. lears only the key memory portion of the Current Working Buffer for the selected key crosspoint This includes clearing any split keys for that key crosspoint Double press of the CLEAR WORK BUFR button while holding down a key bus crosspoint button Clears the Current Working Buffer for a selected E MEM level and clears any split keys for that key crosspoint 3 3 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Auto Delegation 3 4 Some of the switcher subpanels are delegated to other subpanels under conditional control of the operator or system This feature is called auto delegation The effect of auto delegation is that pressing a button on one subpanel may activate the related controls on another subpanel For example the single Chroma Keyer subpanel is used for controlling all Chroma Keyers and is activated by pressing the CHR KEY button on one of the M E Keyer subpanels The switcher also delegates certain menus to be displayed when specific buttons on the subpanels are double pressed also known as a DPOP Double Press Operation The second press must occur within a predetermined amount of time Subpanel and Menu delegation are fully described in the Control Panel Description section of the Operation Reference manual Crosspoint Bus Crosspoint Bus A crosspoint bus consists of a group of switches called crosspoints each with a different video or key input The row of switches has a common output called a bus
159. m or routine Accumulating Latch Electronic circuitry that allows several signals to be latched on at the same time and then combined to produce a compound effect Active Video The portion of a video signal that contains picture information Array A series of like items arranged in an intersecting pattern such as a RAM array ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange Aspect The ratio between the width and the height of an object such as a wipe pattern or a video screen Assembly A major part of a system that consists of more than one component For example the main control panel is an assembly within the Model 4000 G Glossary Switcher Also see Component and System Asynchronous A mode of computer operation where the CPU immediately begins a new task upon completion of the previous task Also see Synchronous Audio Mixer An electronic device that takes audio signals from any of several sources such as microphones tape recorders etc to produce audio effects Also see Switcher Video Auto Transition A smooth or linear electronically produced transition made by pressing a pushbutton AUTO TRAN instead of moving a lever arm B Y The designator used to describe the Blue minus Luminance color portion of a component video signal Background Color Suppression BCS A chroma key feature which enhances the appearance of chroma keys by suppressing unwanted halo effects
160. matically with the selection of the key fill Extrude A title enhancement in which a depth dimension is added to the title key signal F Fade to Black See Preset Black Transition G 6 Fault Isolation The determination of the cause of a failure by identifying a defective component or circuit Field One complete scan of the TV screen by the electron beam In the NTSC standard two interleaved fields of 262 and 263 raster lines make up a frame In the PAL standard two interleaved fields of 312 and 313 raster lines make up a frame The duration of a field is approximately 1 60 of a second in NTSC or 1 50 of a second in PAL 625 lines File A collection of related records in a computer system treated as a unit Fill or Insert Video The video or matte signal used to fill the holes cut in the background video by the key signal Firmware Physical devices integrated circuits that house computer programs Also see Hardware and Software Flag A bit of information used to tell the program that some condition has occurred Flip Flop A transition in which the video sources selected on the background buses exchange places at the end of the transition for example the source selected on A Background becomes selected on B Background Glossary and the source selected on B Background becomes selected on A Background Floppy Disk An electronic device which is capable of storing data and programs for eas
161. me field They can occur on either Field 1 or Field 2 of the frame but need to be on the same field every time If this is not done there will be a flash at the edit in the resulting taped video With FIELD 1 selected as the dominant field if a change takes place just prior to Field 1 the change will become effective at the beginning of Field 1 But if the change takes place prior to Field 2 the change will be delayed by one field so that it also becomes effective at the beginning of the next Field 1 This way all changes will be synchronized to take place at the beginning of Field 1 Similarly if FIELD 2 were selected as the dominant field those changes that take place prior to Field 1 would be delayed until Field 2 If you are recording the switcher output on video tape and will be doing post production editing of the tape it is recommended that you set Field Dominance for a specific field either FIELD 1 or FIELD 2 and leave it at that setting This will ensure that all changes will take effect consistently on the same field If an Editor or a GPI trigger initiates one of these functions it will produce the same effect as a control panel change That is the initiation of any of these functions will be delayed until the beginning of the selected dominant field Software Setup The MATTE GEN LIM button is used to choose the matte generator chroma limiting algorithm The selections are XMITABL Prevents the total signa
162. n be used as an input to the Mask Store allowing you to hand draw a mask around irregular shapes Refer to the Model 4000 Installation and Service manual for graphic tablet installation procedures Frame Store Operations Option Softening a Mask Store Image Soften the edges of a Mask Store image using the soften function available in the Mask Store Menu Press the SOFTEN button repeatedly to obtain the desired softness Note that you can not decrease the softness with the SOFTEN button but you can revert to the last saved state by pressing the UNDO button So we suggest you SAVE your mask before you start to adjust the edge softness and save repeatedly throughout the softening process Mask Draw Option The Mask Draw feature requiring version 5 2 software and new Frame Store and Mask Store hardware allows you to use a graphics tablet connected to the switcher Control Panel to customize existing masks or to create new ones Refer to the Model 2200 or Model 4000 Installation and Service manual for graphics tablet installation procedure Using the Force Mask mode you can add to a key or using the Inhibit Mask mode you can subtract from a key For example one use of Mask Draw is the ability to draw an irregularly shaped garbage mask Draw a custom shaped mask around an object using Force Mask and turn foreground on Use this tool instead of keying the object out NOTE For the Model 2200 mask draw requires the new F
163. nction causes an S linear transition from the current state to the next recalled register The current state may be a setup you have just done on the control panel or the state resulting from a register recall An effects dissolve may be learned into a register so that recalling that register will initiate a dissolve to another specified register or may be added to a register by lighting the EFF DIS button before selecting a register Note that only the levels that are enabled on the Enables buttons subpanel area will be learned as effects dissolves 1 Press LRN 2 Press EFF DIS 3 Press TRAN RATE The query RATE displays E MEM Effects Memory Operations 4 Enter a rate from 0 999 If 1 or 2 numbers are entered press ENTER to complete the rate entry If 3 numbers are used the completion is automatic 5 Enter the desired bank and register number E MEM Learn Sequence Operations Sequences made up of a series of learned registers can be easily built using the Learn Sequence mode Learning A Sequence This procedure will make use of effects previously stored in registers 23 through 27 1 Press LRN 2 Press SEQ 3 Press BANK 2 then 3 register 23 4 Entera30 frame 1 second pause after the register executes press TRAN RATE for transition rate and 30 followed by ENTER 5 Repeat Steps 3 and 4 for registers 24 27 After each register number you may learn a different transition rate by
164. nd may be used as primary switcher inputs The video and key outputs are also routed to an output module for use by external devices If the frame store is not in Freeze mode its output is delayed by 2 fields from its input Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 72 Still Image Storage Video and key can be frozen either separately or simultaneously through the use of panel controls In addition the system has the ability to layer stills in a recursive manner The system accomplishes this by sending the output of the frame store to the input of an M E for combination with another image A composite is generated that can be fed back to the input of the frame store and re frozen Building A Recursive Effect 1 2 5 6 7 Set up an effect on an M E Select the M E on Aux Bus 4 Select the M E on Aux Bus 2 Turn FRZ freeze on Select the crosspoint on the M E Select new key source and press GRAB Repeat the previous step with new sources Hint Experiment with Preset Patterns and try different shapes Figure 4 11 Recursive Effects Frame Store Operations Option Video and Key The Frame Store function can be assigned to either a video channel or a key channel Video and key channels may also be selected simultaneously if video and key channels are mapped to the same crosspoint Operations that can be independently set for video and key channels are as follows m Freeze m Grab m Field M
165. nd sends them to the DPM for manipulation The manipulated key and fill outputs from the DPM then re enter the switcher s mixers via the aux buses The Effects Send advantage allows you to transform a switcher key effect such as a chroma key or a preset pattern as though the DPM circuitry were built into the middle of the switcher The transformed key can be layered over a switcher background and additional keys can be layered on top of the transformed key Up to four channels can be used to route the video and key from an M E to and from an external digital effects system Two channels can be used to route the video and key from an M E to and from an external digital effects system 3 23 Section 3 Switcher Concepts Frame Store Option 3 24 The primary functions of the Frame Store option are storage of still video and key images and creation of dropshadows behind keys Controls for manipulation of these functions are found on the Frame Store Subpanel and in the Frame Store menus Either 2 two field pictures and keys or 1 four field picture and key can be frozen in the Frame Store Aux bus pair 4A 4B supplies the inputs to the frame store video and key channels Video and key can be frozen either separately or simultaneously through the use of panel controls The system also has the ability to layer stills in a recursive manner The system accomplishes this by sending the output of the frame store to the input of an
166. neously added or removed The switch occurs during the vertical interval so the picture is not disturbed D Debug To detect and correct malfunctions of a computer or errors in a computer program Glossary Decoder A device used to generate component video signals from an encoded video source Diagnostics A program usually resident in the computer consisting of several routines which check for malfunctions and identify faulty components Also see Program and Routine Downstream Keyer DSK A keyer that inserts the key downstream of the effects system video output Dupe A duplicate copy of a videotape or to make such a copy Duration The length of time in hours minutes seconds and frames that a particular effect or event lasts DPM Digital Picture Manipulator E EBU Format A color difference video format that uses Y R Y and B Y components Editor A control system usually computerized which allows the control of video tape machines video and audio switchers and other devices remotely from a single control panel EDL Edit Decision List A record of edit decisions made for a program in times out times and effects Often saved on a floppy disk it can be used for Auto Assembly at a later time EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory An information storage device on which the information cannot readily be changed It is nonvolatile memory in that powe
167. ning an extra level of mapping between physical and logical DPM channels This mapping termed Switcher Input Routing and Switcher Output Routing is discussed on the following page For DPM TYPE of OTHER FIXED or NONE DPMs which are not pooled and do not have Input and Output Routing the CHANNEL ROUTING selection should be OFF Software Setup Kaleidoscope changes its logical to physical channel mapping depending on the order in which channels are acquired from its pool Switcher output routing maps a physical aux bus to a logical aux bus so that the logical aux bus number corresponds with the DPM s logical channel The Aux bus button selection made on the switcher control panel is always a logical aux bus however unless Kaleidoscope is connected Logical Aux Bus 1 always corresponds to Physical Aux Bus 1 etc The current mapping of physical to logical DPM channels is displayed in the DPM Map Inputs Menu It should be noted that the switcher supports only one pooled device Also the pooled device must be cabled so that the first physical aux bus is connected to the first physical channel In the example in Figure 2 5 Physical Aux Bus 1 is connected to Kaleidoscope Physical Channel A Bus 2 to Channel B and so on 2 47 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Kaleidoscope Physical Channels 0347 02 29 Model 4000 ABCDE FEY YN NN M Y Y n ps NOK Channel Pool Routing Land Logical Aux 1 LE EE E Phys Aux 1 ES
168. nputs Menu On the Config Map Inputs Menu Map DPM 1 Channel 1 video and Key to crosspoints numbered 5 and 6 respectively Set up the DPM configurations On the Config External Interface DPM Setup Menu DPM 1 TypezNone Port Assign None Channel Routing Off Set Video Delay to 2 fields Control Delay to 6 fields On the DPM Map Aux Buses Menu Set DPM 1 for 1 channel and Aux Bus 1 On the DPM Map Inputs Menu Set DPM 1 Channel 1 Video input 5 Key input 6 On the Config Aux Bus Format Menu 2200 4000 N A Aux 1 4 b are key only 3000 Set Aux Bus 1b for Key On the Config Inputs Map Inputs Menu Set Logical Channel Device 1 and Channel 1 for both video and key set Video Key Format to shaping on or off depending on the output of the external device 4 69 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 70 Effects Send Looping Mode Looping mode takes the output of an M E Keyer sends it to an external DPM then returns the DPM output to the Mix Wipe circuit of the same switcher M E 1 Access the Aux Menu a Usethe LOG AUX SELECT button to select Aux 1 b Press the EFX LOOP MODE button and select EXT LOOP Select Aux 1 from the row of BUS DELEGATE buttons Select button M E 1 Key 1 from the row of EFFECTS SEND buttons This selects the Keyer output to be sent to the DPM and routes back into the crosspoint selected on M E 1 Key 1 Effects Send Non Looping Mode Non Looping mode takes the output of an
169. ns 4 73 Effects Send Non Looping Mode 0 00 cece eee 4 73 Vil Contents Frame Store Operations Option 0 6 6 c cece eee eee 4 74 SETUP o redet esed dies CUP Ep detegit bae e Uia opo sa ls 4 74 Output ISOHUHTIE ovs oni atin icu E pii pes 4 74 Still Image Storage 2 eee eee 4 75 Building A Recursive Effect 000s nananana 4 75 Videorand Key oeste dag ti ieeed tans ieee eatawaes 4 76 Mask STOLE tase eaters cect tata enc er nititur E 2 4 76 Breeze Mode ac peas ane er peor ded a e Se eg US aoe aes 4 76 Frame Store Field Modes ssesleseseses 4 77 Field 1 Feld 2 o ostes ds erererp s e REPERPES HERES E E 4 77 Grab Field 4 Field eese 4 77 Oe sac ittis eve ie bs danead Vb aH dtum Scot 4 77 Dropshadow Mode 0 006 ee 4 78 Repositioning 2 6 66 eee nnn 4 78 MOSaleS dc nete xerepr sede ee ES tesla bse e t Eie ds 4 78 Pseudo Color 2 o ese ein cee de ea AH a t RES ed 4 79 POR ect accel a onea iE al pec anes eic CI t EU 4 79 CHOP E 4 79 Mask Store Option ceca e etna 4 79 Masking a Key 0 0 cece eens 4 81 Softening a Mask Store Image ssssss 4 82 Mask Draw Option sssssseeeeee eee 4 82 Setting up the Mask Draw 6 cece eee 4 83 Mask Draw Using Key Channel 000000000 4 84 Floppy Disk Drive Operations 0 666 c cece eee ee 4 86 Format Diskettes
170. o minimize hue errors in color transmission A single frame 2 fields in this standard consists of 625 scanning lines One frame is produced every 1 25 of a second Also see NTSC Pattern Border A variable width colored border that can be inserted at the pattern edge in a wipe transition between two video signals The border is filled with matte video from the wipe border matte generator Pattern Limit A transition limit in which a preset position of the pattern edge between two video signals is stored in microprocessor memory Full movement of the Mix Effects lever arm or Auto Transition performs a mix or wipe to or from the preset limit Pattern Modulation An oscillation or modulation of the vertical and or horizontal dimensions of a wipe pattern edge Port A connection point between a computer and another hardware device Preset Black Transition Fade to Black A transition in which one video signal is faded to color black before the other video signal is brought up Preset Pattern The pattern used in a preset wipe transition Preset Wipe A transition between two video signals in which the limit of the separation pattern edge between signals is controlled by the wipe pattern controls If the effect is wiped on air over an existing background G 11 Glossary the transition is called a wipe to a pattern limit if the effect is mixed on air itis called a mix to a pattern limit Preview PVW Outp
171. o set this delay correctly Turn the CONTROL DELAY soft knob to select 6 fields Press the PORT ASSIGN button to assign PORT A1 to the DPM The baud rate for Port A1 is fixed at 307 K baud Set CHANNEL ROUTING for BOTH or SWR IN depending upon your system configuration as described previously under DPM Configurations Reset the Control Processor in the Model 4000 Signal Processor frame This is done by opening the front door of the Processor and pressing the RESET button located near the top of the Control Processor module Communication should now be established between the Model 4000 and Krystal 2 53 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 54 For a DPM 700 1 Set the DPM TYPE to OTHER FIXED 2 Set AUX BUS CONTROL to SWITCHER The DPM 700 cannot control the aux bus 3 Turn the VIDEO DELAY soft knob to select 2 fields It is important that this be set correctly The CONTROL DELAY soft knob has no effect with the DPM 700 4 Set PORT ASSIGN to NONE 5 Set CHANNEL ROUTING to OFF For DVEous 1 Set the DPM TYPE to DVEOUS 2 Turn the VIDEO DELAY soft knob to select 2 fields It is important to set this delay correctly 3 Turn the CONTROL DELAY soft knob to select 7 fields 4 Pressthe PORT ASSIGN button to assign PORT A1 to the DPM The baud rate for Port A1 is fixed at 307 K baud 5 Set CHANNEL ROUTING for BOTH or SWRIN depending upon your system configuration as described previously und
172. ocus a camera on it You can then apply the signal from the camera to the switcher s keyer where it will be used as a key signal Next you can select a green matte video to apply to the keyer as the fill video When the clip is set properly the keyer will ignore the black paper and use only the white logo shape to cut a hole in the background video Then it will fill the logo shaped hole with green matte video This creates a green logo inserted into the background In actuality this method of keying is seldom used anymore Instead a graphics system generates the key and fill video but the same concepts apply Luminance keyers also include a gain control which sets the sharpness of the transition from one picture to another at the key s edge high gain yields a sharp edge and low gain yields a soft edge that mixes the fill and background video In addition the keyers include an S shaping function that prevents the transition at the key edge from becoming too sharp and creating what appears to be a band or line around the key The CLIP and GAIN controls on the Keyer Subpanels can be changed to control foreground clip and background clip In that case the controls independently adjust the transition edges of the foreground fill video and the background video Keys Linear Key A linear key is similar to a luminance key except that the gain of the key is set to a value of one also called unity so that the edges of anti aliased
173. odes m Mask When VIDEO 1 and KEY 1 are delegated simultaneously the key channel settings are automatically aligned with the video channel settings Mask Store Use the mask store output as a source for the mask generators It may also be routed to the switcher crosspoint matrix for use as a primary switcher input and to an output module for use by external devices It can also used with a drawing tablet Mask Draw option to allow an operator to draw masks and alter existing video that has been frozen 4 73 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 74 Freeze Mode Freeze selects between live and frozen pictures A frozen picture is like a snapshot you take with a still camera The freeze unfreeze function toggles between the two states Press the FRZE button once to freeze it high tallies press a second time to unfreeze When enabled freeze stops data from being written to the frame store resulting in a frozen image Frame Store Field Modes There are a number of video store parameters that may be used when manipulating frozen images While a full frame is always frozen you can choose to view the image by field instead The choices are described in the following text Field 1 Field 2 The FIELD 1 and FIELD 2 buttons determine which field will be displayed Either field may be selected or both may be selected at the same time When unfrozen the Field buttons have no effect A full frame is always frozen rega
174. ok of the texture with the texture modifiers Double press the User Defined Wash button to invoke the Matte Menu then select the Texture Menu You can also use the User Defined Wash Angle soft knob on the Matte Menu to adjust the wash angle between 0 and 360 degrees Experiment with the matte texture controls to adjust the appearance of the video texture The above procedure may be similarly applied for the adjustment and appearance of the following mattes m Key Fill DSK only m Key Border DSK only Secondary Wipe Wash 4000 2A only If you have the optional Secondary Wipe Generator you can use the Secondary Wipe Wash feature to allow a selected wipe M E 1 M E 2 or PGM PST to wash a matte 1 Press and hold the SEC WIPE WASH button on the Mattes Subpanel Adjust the SOFTNESS and OFFSET controls 2 Adjustthe Wipe Subpanel wipe modifier controls except the wipe Border controls to change the wash appearance Super Black Super Black may be selected for Background Generators 1 and 2 in the Matte Menu Super Black levels are adjustable in the Configuration System Parameter Menu 4 23 Section 4 Switcher Operations Luminance and Linear Keying Operations Keys enable you to insert one picture into another to create a composite effect For example you may want to add a caption to a scene For more information about keying refer to Section 3 Switcher Concepts To create a luminance or linear key do the followin
175. on 2 The signal which is used to pass or block portions of the background and fill video signals Keyboard A small control panel with pushbutton keys that provides the human interface into an electronics system Key Fill In a key effect the video signal that is said to fill the hole cut in background video by the key source Key fill may be key video modified key video or matte Key Invert 1 A Key mode which inverts the polarity of the key to allow dark areas of the source video to cut holes in background 2 A chroma key mode which inverts the foreground and background fill positions Key Source The source of the signal which is said to cut the hole in the background scene for a key effect This signal is processed into a key which controls the video mix between the background scene and the fill video thus the key source determines the shape of the key effect Key Video The video selected on a key bus which may be the key fill the key source or both Glossary L Learn The operation of storage in an E MEM system Lever Arm Transition A transition between primary video and or title video signals made by manually moving the lever arm Linear Key A key which is processed at or near unity gain by the switcher Clip and gain control have very small adjustment ranges and keying is performed using the luminance values of the linear key source A Linear Key is normally used when the key has alr
176. on the key on air as explained next in the Key Transition subsection 4 27 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 28 Key Transition Effects keys can be cut mixed or wiped on air in much the same way as backgrounds Both the effects keys and a background can be transitioned on or off together or separately The Downstream Keyer has separate controls and must be transitioned separately 1 2 Set up the key Select Transition KEY 1 KEY 2 and or BKGD on the Keyers Subpanel to choose which layer s the transition will affect If both effects keys are on air and you want to adjust which layer is on top select the KEY OVER button to toggle the priority You can also select the KEY PRIORITY button to transition priorities Now do the transition For an effects key cut press Transition CUT For an effects key mix select MIX and move the lever arm from limit to limit or press AUTO TRANS c Fora wipe select Transition WIPE and select and adjust the pattern as described earlier for background wipes Then move the lever arm or press AUTO TRANS d Fora DSK cut press DSK CUT Not on 4000 2B panel e Fora DSK mix press DSK MIX Not on 4000 2B panel f When a key is on air the KEY ON indicator lights below the appropriate keyer delegation button on the transition sub panel and on the Keyer sub panel if the on air keyer is delegated The KEY OVER light will also be lighted showing priority g Once the ke
177. ons 4 82 10 Use one of the two operations listed below to view the Key Store while using the Mask Draw feature m Using the Map Inputs Menu map a switcher crosspoint button to the Key Store then select that crosspoint for viewing m To view the Mask and see its effect on the actual key on a preview monitor go to the Preview Prefs Menu and turn on DIM PVW for the DELEGated KEYER or for ALL KEYERS however with ALL KEYERS delegated some key areas may be dimmed and the cursor movement not visible Select the output of the Key Store as the input on the Clipped Mask Bus Press the Bus Delegate MASK button then select the Key Store output on the Pvw Aux bus Inthe Mask Store menu turn ON the DRAW function Turning DRAW ON in the Mask Store Menu will not freeze the Key Store On the Frame Stores panel turn on Key Store Select the Draw parameters BLACK SCREEN BRUSH SIZE etc as described in the previous section and draw the desired mask with the graphics tablet NOTE Any Key Store page can be used for drawing 11 Turn off the draw cursor by turning OFF the DRAW function in the Mask Store Menu Floppy Disk Drive Operations Floppy Disk Drive Operations The switcher floppy disk subsystem is used to store and recall effects files stored in E MEM registers and to store and recall system configuration setups You can also Format diskettes Create directories and files View the diskette
178. ore function provides the ability to freeze and store mask signals to use in building effects This function requires version 5 2 software and new Frame Store and Mask Store hardware NOTE You may want to browse the descriptions below then experiment with the brush and screen selections provided on the Mask Store Menu 1 From the Mask Store Menu select either BLACK SCREEN or WHITE SCREEN for your Mask Store background Then select either a BLACK for white screen or WHITE for black screen brush with the BRUSH SOURCE button Hint If you are using a black brush on a white screen you may want to adjust the BRUSH OPACITY soft knob to a value of 20 or higher A value of 0 to 5 makes the brush strokes very hard to see 2 Usethe DRAW MODE button in the Mask Store Menu to select either the STRAIGHT or FREEHAND draw mode STRAIGHT automatically draws a straight line between two cursor points To make the first point press the pen onto the tablet then lift up slightly Keeping the pen about a 1 2 inch above the tablet move the pen to where you want the straight line to end Press the pen down for the second point and to complete the line A temporary line on the monitor provides a visual cue as to where the line is going After drawing a closed region press SAVE In case FILL SHAPE fails to produce the desired results you can revert to the last saved image by pressing UNDO touch up any leaks and try FILL SHAPE again
179. ound in another mix effects system or the downstream keyer This allows multiple layer effects to be created in one recording pass Layering is enabled on an M E by M E basis in the M E Mode Menu When enabled the A and B buses function as keyers rather than background buses thus four keyers are available Key 1 Key 2 Background B and Background A Operations in layered mode can affect any selected layer or combination of layers Layering Figure 3 3 Layering Priority of the layers is as follows Background B and Background A have fixed priorities Background B has the least priority bottom layer and Background A has the next to least priority next to bottom layer The priorities of Key 1 and Key 2 the top two layers can be selected toggled with the KEY PRIORITY button The key OVER indicators show which of these two layers is on top In layered mode the background keyers B and A do not have the following functions Borderline capability mask capability and chroma keying 3 17 Section 3 Switcher Concepts E MEM Effects Memory The E MEM Effects Memory system provides a way of storing switcher effects for later use With E MEM you can set up an effect with the control panel and learn a snapshot of it into memory Later you can recall that effect with the press of a button The switcher will immediately return to the state it was in when the effect was learned The E MEM Subpanel allows yo
180. p switcher functions which may then be learned or recalled from an E MEM register Each register is partitioned into sections or levels based on the state of the Enable buttons If AUTO RCL Auto Recall is on while an effect is learned the state of the Enable buttons is learned as part of the effect Turn AUTO RCL off to not learn the enables for an effect Refer to your Operator s Reference Control Panel Descriptions Effects Memory Subpanel for more information Learn Enables An E MEM register can store all switcher functions or part of them as determined by the E MEM Enable buttons M E 1 and PGM PST will be used for this procedure In this procedure you will learn an effect into E MEM register 23 1 Press AUTO RCL Auto Recall button lit This causes all Enabled buttons to be learned as part of the effect 4 48 E MEM Effects Memory Operations Press E MEM Subpanel Enables buttons M E 1 and PGM PST buttons light You should have an effect set up on M E 1 You may want to have sources selected on the M E 1 A and B buses one source selected on the PGM bus and M E 1 selected on the PST bus Press LRN BANK 2 3 to learn this current switcher panel setup and crosspoints into register number 23 Recall Enables Change the crosspoints on M E 1 Ensure that AUTO RCL is on Select register 23 BANK 2 3 Observe the recalled effect on the Program monitor Storing an Effect 1 2
181. parameters 1 From the Chroma Key Inputs Menu select the appropriate input to change As each button is pressed the input format will change to the default setting for that input CHROMA KEY INPUTS MENU config inputs chr key inputs COARSE TIMING 24 25 CLOCKS 24 250 usecs FINE INPUT 1 INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT SETUP INPUT 2 3 4 5 6 FORMAT 2 As required either accept the default input format or change it to match the chroma key input signal format Adjust the coarse and fine timing for each chroma key input The range of the COARSE soft knob is 256 clocks to 256 clocks Use the FINE soft knob to adjust the fractional value from 000 to 999 clocks 3 Choose SETUP either ON or OFF for the selected Chroma Key Input 1 through 6 4 Press EXIT to return to the Inputs Menu Software Setup Assigning GPI Inputs Use the GPI Inputs Menu to set GPI assignments for signals that can be used to trigger Model 4000 functions These assignments must correspond to the physical GPI connections described earlier in this section Eight GPI inputs are provided All of these accept pulse type GPI inputs except Aux Tally Back which is level sensitive 1 From the Inputs Menu press the GPI IN button to select the GPI Inputs Menu The first time you do this no functions will appear in the second column of the menu table GPI INPUTS MENU FUNCTION SELECT MISC config inputs gpi in g inputs gp
182. ponent video signal RAM Random Access Memory A computer memory system that allows rapid storage and retrieval of information It is usually considered volatile in that the information is lost if power is interrupted Raster The area of a TV picture tube that is scanned by the electron beam Real Time Actual clock time in which events occur Reboot The process of re loading the computer operating program see Boot Recall To bring a setup from E MEM memory and set up a switcher with it Glossary Re entry Entry or apparent entry of a processed video signal into another processing circuit e g Mix Effects into Program Preset Register A storage location in micro processor memory which is accessed for storage or recall by one of the buttons on the E MEM keypad RGB Red green blue the three primary colors used in video transmission reception often referring to the three unencoded color component outputs of a color camera RGB Chroma Key A key effect in which the key signal is derived from chrominance information hue and saturation contained in the RGB color components of a video signal S Saturation The intensity of a color the degree by which the eye perceives a color as departing from a gray or white scale of the same brightness A saturated color does not contain any white Self Key A key effect in which the same video signal serves as both the key source and the fill source
183. pting to make these adjustments in that mode most likely makes the key worse not better You may also find adjusting LUMA background suppression also makes the edge less visible This depends on the background luminance levels of the foreground and background sources 10 Adjusting Shadows 11 To enhance the shadows in the Keyer panel press the SHDW ON button and adjust the shadow OPACITY to maximum In the Chroma Key menu adjust SHADOW GAIN for the desired contrast then adjust the OPACITY and SHDW ON to a lower setting Note that SHADOW CLIP has no effect You see some interaction with the Keyer GAIN which affects background opacity If FGD RESHAPE is off the LUMA background suppression also interacts with shadow adjustments Fine tuning the key After you ve set up the key play back both foreground and background sources Rehearse the scene with live action Make adjustments to compensate for camera moves changes in shadows and so on If necessary build Inhibit and Force Masks and Keyer setup changes as an effect which tracks the action Obviously this is difficult with live action but may make significant improvements with recorded material which is intrinsically more difficult to key Do not use the following functions Set them as indicated SEP HUE SUPPRESS set to off CORING set to FIXED E MEM Effects Memory Operations E MEM Effects Memory Operations The E MEM Effects Memory System inclu
184. r conditions do not effect the information Also see PROM ROM and RAM Effects Dissolve A microprocessor controlled mode in which the analog values control settings of one effects setup change smoothly over a predetermined time to those of another effects setup E MEM Effects Memory A GVG effects memory system capable of storing and recalling switch and control settings of switcher effects configurations Encoded Chroma Key A chroma key which uses an encoded video signal e g from a VTR instead of separate RGB or Y CR CB signals for deriving the key Encoded Video A video signal which contains both luminance and chrominance information in the same G 5 Glossary signal Also see Composite Video NTSC and PAL Encoder A device used to create a single composite color signal from a set of component signals Commonly used on switcher Program and Preview outputs for composite monitor requirements Error Message A message generated by the program to identify a program error or the area in which a malfunction occurs Event Number Number assigned by the editing system to each performed edit Exception Processing The activity of a CPU in response to an interrupt in its normal execution of instructions Execution The carrying out of a particular set of instructions External Key An input signal to the switcher used exclusively as a key source Typically this key source is selected auto
185. rame Store module 064814 04 The Mask Draw feature works with the Model 2200 by feeding the mask into the key channel For the Model 4000 mask draw requires the new Mask Store Option for full functionality or the new Frame Store module for Mask Store using the key channel The text following describes some tips and tricks about using mask draw See the Mask Store Menu description in the Operation Reference manual for additional information on how to select manipulate mask draw functions 4 79 Section 4 Switcher Operations Setting up the Mask Draw 1 Use one of the two operations listed below to view the Mask Draw function m Using the Map Inputs Menu map a switcher crosspoint button to the Mask Store then select that crosspoint for viewing m To view the drawn mask on a preview monitor go to the Preview Prefs Menu and turn on DIM PVW for the DELEGated KEYER or for ALL KEYERS however with ALL KEYERS delegated some key areas may be dimmed and the cursor movement not visible 2 To use the Frze and Grab functions set the Mask Store button on the Frame Stores panel to ON 3 On the Model 2200 press the Frame Store button on the top menu panel then select MASK STORE in the Frame Store Menu On the Model 4000 double press the Mask Store button on the Frame Stores panel to display the Mask Store Menu 4 Press the DRAW soft button in the Mask Store Menu to select ON default state DRAW ON
186. rdless of the state of these buttons This method of storage allows the operator to decide between fields and frames after the image is frozen Grab Field 4 Field A two field sequence is the normal default image frozen in the frame store However the memory architecture also allows storage of a complete four field color frame A FRAME TYPE button located in the Frame Store Video Store Menu allows you to switch between two field storage mode and four field storage mode 4 field mode stores 2 images 2 field mode stores 4 images Not all of the Frame Store functions are available in four field mode but this mode produces the highest quality video since there is no decode encode processing Frame Store Operations Option Mode The Grab feature updates frame store with new input data and freezes the new data If freeze is off moving video is coming out of the frame store pressing the GRAB button turns on freeze You can then press the FRZE button to turn freeze off If freeze is on and GRAB is pressed frame store is unfrozen for two fields and then frozen again It holds two fields as it updates the other two Layering is possible when frame store is used as a background input on an M E and that M E is fed into the frame store Dropshadow Mode Dropshadow mode is functional with only primary video inputs that have an associated linear key signal or an M E in layered mode Clip and gain adjustments are not available Dropsha
187. rm simple keys That is they can do linear luminance video and external keys They can also do Preset Pattern keys The A and B buses cannot do Chroma Keys Bordered Keys or Mask Keys However they can do Split Keys They are treated like any other key and can be individually transitioned or tied together with other keys within a transition Chroma Keying Operations Chroma Keying Operations Chroma keying allows you to key out a particular color in a scene and replace it with new background video A typical application is to position a reporter in front of a blue wall and set up a chroma key to replace the blue wall with a weather map Given a well lit and well composed chroma key scene the high quality chroma keyer used in the switcher can produce a clean and natural looking key with smooth edges and realistic shadows even when the chroma key scene contains smoke glass or liquids Creating a chroma key is especially easy with the Chroma Key Auto Setup feature This feature automatically sets up the key when you identify the background color In addition the Chroma Key Menu and submenus give you the ability to make many manual adjustments for fine tuning the key Figure 4 8 Chroma Key Background 4 33 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 34 Figure 4 9 Chroma Key Foreground Blue Auto Chroma Keying Procedure Chroma Keyer setup involves a number of interactive adjustments Understan
188. rosspoints to remember all key settings This is usually left ON Section 2 Startup and Configuration 3 Press CLEAR KEY MEMORY to invoke the Clear Key Memory Menu CLEAR KEY MEMORY MENU config user prefs keyer prefs clear key mem CURRENT XPT 7 Press a button below to clear key memory for CLEAR XPT the current xpt on the selected bus TE CLEAR BUS all xpts on the selected bus MES EE CLEAR SECTION all xpts on all buses in the selected section CLEAR SWITCHER all xpts in the switcher DSK B AUX KEY 1 MASK KEY 2 SECTION BUS CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR SELECT SELECT XPT BUS SECTION SWITCHER This menu allows you to clear the key memory settings for various areas of the switcher 4 With the SECTION SELECT and BUS SELECT buttons select the area of the switcher whose key memory you wish to clear To select a specific crosspoint on a bus After selecting the section and bus press the specific crosspoint on the selected bus The number of that crosspoint will appear in the CURRENT XPT box in the menu 5 Use the CLEAR XPT CLEAR BUS CLEAR SECTION or CLEAR SWITCHER button to clear the desired memory area 6 Press EXIT to return to the User Preferences Menu 2 12 Software Setup Setting Preview Preferences From the User Preferences Menu press the PREVIEW PREFS button to display the Preview Preferences Menu NOTE It is important
189. round video The key signal cuts a hole in the background into which the fill video is inserted Devices such as character generators often output both the key signal and the fill video Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video Shaped Video Fill video that has been multiplied by a key signal to produce a raster image to be inserted into a key hole cut in background video by the same key signal An example of shaped video is the fill video output of a character generator which consists of characters on a black matte Unshaped Video Previously shaped fill or composited video that has been unshaped by an unshaping processor which divides the video by the key signal The Model 2200 3000 and 4000 switchers as well as some Digital Picture Manipulators DPMs have selectable unshaping circuits on their outputs Non Shaped Video Any full raster full screen video that has not previously been processed by a key signal This is also sometimes loosely defined as Unshaped Video Video sources from devices such as cameras are usually full raster video and thus are non shaped These sources are not usually accompanied by key signals Input Shaped and Unshaped Video A 2 Video coming into a switcher may or may not already be shaped depending upon its source In the Model 2200 3000 and 4000 switchers provision is made in the Configuration menu to define whether the source video for each video input is shaped or unshape
190. s and a compromise is required One thing that can be done is to set up the device to place foreground objects over a black background In this case the fill video may be considered to be shaped Appendix A Shaped and Unshaped Video B Appendix B Keyframe Facts Keyframe Timelines Master Timeline The Master Timeline is a tool for developing a consistent set of rules and operations for editing effects and synchronizing events across multiple independent timelines The Master Timeline is a single timeline representation of the two dimensional view of multiple E MEM level timelines The Master Timeline is composed of the timelines of all currently enabled E MEM levels Any keyframe that is present on an enabled E MEM level is represented as a keyframe on the Master Timeline All editing rules are based on the Master Timeline keyframes All editing operations are performed on the delegated E MEM levels The Master Timeline is displayed graphically in the Keyframe Timeline menu as the topmost timeline The Current Time Position on the Master Timeline determines the editing rules for the editing and clipboard operations Insert Before Insert After Mod Cut Copy Paste as well as the effect positioning operations Prev Next Go To Time Go To KF and the Run Control modifiers Stop Next KF If just one E MEM level is enabled the Master Timeline and the E MEM timeline are exactly the same With multiple
191. s active only when the display is not full size that is the entire timeline doesn t fit on the display When the display is expanded zoomed the first soft button is labeled either FULL SIZE or LAST PAN ZOOM which toggles the timeline screen between a full sized display in which all times within the timeline are visible and the last user selected pan and zoom setting During effect runs or effect editing while zoomed onto a portion of the timeline the Time Cursor may be positioned off screen A FIND CURSOR button appears when the cursor is off screen This button allows you to bring the portion of the timeline that contains the Time Cursor back on screen While zooming with AUTO PAN on the timeline display is automatically panned so that the cursor remains on screen Keyframe Operations Using Zoom and Pan You can use this procedure to see how the Zoom and Pan features work 1 Recallan effect with 6 keyframes and a duration of 5 seconds Place the time cursor at KF 1 0 00 2 Adjust the ZOOM soft knob to a setting of 1 9x in order to see keyframes 1 3 on the Timeline Menu 3 Adjust the PAN soft knob to see keyframes 3 and 4 4 Press FIND CURSOR Note that KFs 1 3 are re displayed with the cursor still at KF 1 5 Adjust PAN again to view KFs 4 6 6 Press the FULL SIZE button to view all 6 KFs again 7 Press LAST PAN ZOOM to again view KFs 4 6 8 Adjust ZOOM back to the 1 0x setting 4 63 Se
192. s are selected on the Configuration User Preferences Menu E MEM User Preferences Menu shown below RUN LEVER Use to enable or disable the E MEM run lever KEYFRAME EDITING Use to enable or disable keyframe editing MASTER E MEM Use to enable or disable 300 Style E MEM control E MEM USER PREFS MENU config user prefs E MEM prefs ENABLE ENABLE 300 STYLE DISABLE DISABLE NORMAL RUN KEYFRAME MASTER LEVER EDITING E MEM 2 19 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 20 Normal Mode In Normal mode on a 2 M E Switcher when you do a Learn or Recall individual M Es are simply levels in the Master E MEM register In Normal mode on a 3 M E Switcher when you do a Learn or Recall the Master E MEM forces all individual enabled M Es to align with the same register that the Master E MEM is pointing to and causes the individual M Es to learn the current Switcher setup into those aligned registers 300 Style Mode 3 M E Switchers Only In 300 Style mode when you do a Learn or Recall the Master E MEM allows individual M Es to skew registers that is allows M Es to point to different registers than the Master E MEM is pointing and allows the Master E MEM to learn the individual M E s skewed register numbers This operation does notchange the content of those skewed M E registers because the operation does not write the current M E settings into those registers You must independently learn the M E se
193. sssssessseee 2 2 Configuration Sub Menus 0 6 0 0 cece cee eee 2 4 Setting User Preferences sesine ki cence eee 2 9 Setting Keyer Preferences 6 0 0 c eee eee eee 2 11 Setting Preview Preferences 066 c cece 2 13 Beeper Preferences e rsserirererre t eene SEKE EER eens 2 17 Defining System Defaults nananana nnan n anana eee sess 2 18 E MEM Preferences sssssseeee itri a rri nins 2 19 Normal Mode 4 5 eh tet tek ende ep IHR a 2 20 300 Style Mode 3 M E Switchers Only 2 20 Setting System Parameters 0c cece 2 21 Using Field Dominance 6000 c cece eee 2 22 Setting the System Clock ssn siss esius ooa aaan 2 24 Configuring Switcher Inputs 0 56 e cece eee eens 2 26 ln E ded Setting Analog Video Inputs lssssseeese sess 2 28 Setting Analog Key Inputs iseellleeeeee sees 2 29 Setting Analog Input Timing llleseeeeseeeee 2 30 Mapping Crosspoints 06 6 2 31 Naming Crosspoint Buttons lleessseeeeeeeees 2 32 Formatting Chroma Key Inputs lllslsseeeese sess 2 34 Assigning GPI Inputs 6 ccc eens 2 35 Configuring Outputs s sereen i ri a eia E 2 38 Contents Setting Output Resolution and Dither ssuue 2 39 Configuring External Interfaces lseeessssss 2 4 Setting Editor Port Parameters llsssssesssss
194. st be used In an all digital system it is best to use shaped video between devices if it is supported by both devices When connecting to a Kaleidoscope DPM Kaleidoscope allows the user to program each digital input and each digital or analog output for shaped or unshaped video There is no unshaper on the analog inputs of Kaleidoscope so analog sources to Kaleidoscope must always be unshaped Installation Considerations Since the M E keyers produce shaped video GVG recommends the use of the Effects Send option for communicating between these switchers and Kaleidoscope You should also use Aux Bus 1 through 4 1 and 2 on 2200 switcher outputs to feed Kaleidoscope Even without the Effects Send option the 4000 and 2200 can communicate with Kaleidoscope using component digital interconnects between them via serializers and deserializers For the Model 3000 however the interconnects to Kaleidoscope must be analog since Kaleidoscope does not have composite digital inputs and outputs Therefore the unshaper circuits on the Effects Send board are required for proper communication unshaping the Model 3000 outputs for the Kaleidoscope analog inputs NOTE Some devices claim to produce shaped video but don t Their video output contains background signal in the critical soft edges or in translucent areas With such devices the system designer must determine if properly shaped video exists If not an incompatibility exist
195. t out on paper of data contained on another medium such as a monitor or disk Hard Disk An electronic device which is capable of storing large amounts of data and programs for retrieval and use by a computer Also see Floppy Disk Hardware The electric electronic and mechanical equipment used to perform the tasks controlled by a computer Also see Firmware and Software G 7 Glossary Head An electromagnetic device that reads writes or erases information in a storage medium Hex hexidecimal A numerical notation system using a base of 16 Also see Binary and Octal House Sync The synchronous signal generated in the studio for use as a reference for other timing signals Hue The attribute of light wavelength frequency which determines the color perceived red blue green etc Specified by phase relationship to color burst in composite video Any saturated color which is not one of the three primaries may be treated as a combination of two primaries Insert Key A key in which a portion of the background signal is replaced with an insert fill signal Interrupt A special control signal which informs the CPU that its attention is needed for some type of exception processing J Jog The process of moving a videotape forward or backward at a variable rate of speed G 8 K Key 1 An effect in which a portion of the background video picture is replaced by another picture or capti
196. tcher handles the fill video when the input shaped unshaped selection in the Configuration Inputs Map Inputs menu is set correctly to match the input signal that is mapped to the selected crosspoint Figure A 17 shows the appearance of the video on the monitor in both of these cases Correct Operation With Shaped Fill Video Figure A 16 shows what happens when the DPM is set for a shaped video output and SHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu of the switcher In this case no shaping of the input fill video takes place and the video is added directly with the Background signal with key hole producing the desired composite image 20 0000 ee Keyhole in Background WF Background plus Foreground SHAPED selected in Map Inputs Menu A turns OFF Shaping Circuit Shaped Video Figure A 16 Correct Shaped Keying Operation Examples of Operation With Shaped amp Unshaped Fill Video Figure A 17 shows what the video looks like on the monitor when the SHAPED UNSHAPED selection is made correctly in the menu Figure A 17 Appearance of Video When Input Configuration is Set Correctly Correct Operation With Unshaped Fill Video Figure A 18 shows what happens when the DPM is set for an unshaped video output and UNSHAPED is selected in the Map Inputs menu In this case the input Shaping circuit shapes the fill video properly to fit the key hole that is cut into the Background to produce the desired composite image
197. ter A series of keyframes in an E MEM register is called a keyframe effect Effects animation can be accomplished by building and running keyframe effects The effects editing portion of the E MEM Subpanel in conjunction with the Timeline Menu allows you to create store and modify keyframe effects Once stored in E MEM memory an effect can be recalled and caused to transition run between keyframes either manually or automatically Effects Editing Definitions Keyframe A set of switcher parameters as set up on the control panel and in the menus stored in an E MEM register at some point along a timeline Keyframes define the switcher parameters at a series of points in time during an effect and the system does keyframe interpolation to smooth the motion between keyframes The Current Working Buffer tracks the interpolated values between keyframes Timeline A graphical representation in the Timeline Menu of the keyframes and keyframe durations present on a given enabled level in the selected E MEM register Each enabled level has its own timeline Master Timeline The top timeline in the Timeline Menu which is a composite of the timelines of all enabled levels All time positions of the effect are referenced to the Master Timeline and all editing rules are based on the Master Timeline Current Time The time position of the Time Cursor on the Master Timeline of the effect 3 21 Section 3 Switcher Con
198. the control panel and associated menu selections Each E MEM level can be independently enabled and or delegated depending upon a menu selection ENABLES DELEGATES in the Timeline Menu On a Model 4000 2200 all E MEM register operations Learn Recall Put Get and Run apply to any enabled level regardless of whether the level is delegated When an E MEM or keyframe effect is recalled and or run each enabled level contributes to the overall appearance of the effect A level in an E MEM register may be in one of three states m Enabled and delegated appears in Timeline Menu title is highlighted m Enabled but not delegated appears in Timeline Menu title is not highlighted m Not enabled and not delegated does not appear in Timeline Menu Section 3 Switcher Concepts When ENABLES is selected in the Timeline Menu all enabled levels are also delegated thus all enabled levels are affected by changes made on the control panel When a level is not enabled its timeline does not appear in the Timeline Menu m In ENABLES mode pressing the Enable button toggles the E MEM enabled status of that level or channel either on or off This does not change the status of any other enabled levels or channels Enables and delegates are tied together in this mode If a channel is enabled for E MEM functions it is also delegated for Keyframe editing When DELEGATES is selected only specified enabled levels are delegated
199. to create the key The key edge may look ragged reduce GAIN to soften up the edge 6 If you want to split the key select a hole cutting source different from the one assigned to the selected fill crosspoint you can do the following Select the fill video from the key bus hold down the VIDEO KEY or the AUTO SELECT KEY button and select a Key bus source crosspoint to be used as the hole cutter 7 The split source crosspoint lights when you select it and lights anytime you hold down VIDEO KEY or AUTO SELECT KEY 8 To turn off a split key hold down the VIDEO KEY or AUTO SELECT KEY button and reselect the Key bus fill video crosspoint NOTE A single key can be split two different ways using VIDEO KEY and AUTO SELECT KEY Its appearance will change depending on which key split modifier is selected 4 25 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 26 10 11 12 13 14 15 For keying from a black on white source select Keyer INVERT For keying from a white on black source leave INVERT off To mask parts of the key that you don t want to see select INH MASK and select either a box wipe pattern or a video source to serve as the mask source Use the mask control knobs on the Masks Subpanel LEFT RIGHT TOP BOTTOM when adjusting the box mask To use a wipe select either Primary or Secondary wipe on the Mask Subpanel Use the PRESET SIZE knob on the Wipe Subpanel to adjust the wipe size To use a
200. to verify it now Evaluate the Key and make the following adjustments depending on the amount of lighting variation visible in the background Large lighting variations make luminance background suppression difficult or impossible without darkening the foreground Decrease the LUMA background suppression on the panel and observe the Key in the picture and the waveform monitor As suppression is decreased the background begins to lighten If the background shading does not remain relatively constant then excessive lighting variation may exist You may wish to correct this by adjusting the set lighting If the background luminance is reasonably flat readjust the LUMA background suppression slightly to eliminate shading in the background signal In this mode the foreground signal is not really keyed Instead the suppressed version is added to the keyed background signal producing very natural looking keys especially when keying glass or hair 4 39 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 40 NOTE Some artistic license may be used here back off the LUMA background suppression to add some of the set s lighting variation present in the foreground signal into the background video in essence creating shadows If lighting variations are too great turn on FGD RESHAPE in the CHR KEY KEY ADJUST menu and set the LUMA background suppression on the panel to minimum The LUMA suppression reduces the processed foreground signal to
201. ttings into the individual M E E MEMs Registers that are Learned using the Model 300 Style mode have an M in the Master E MEM display as a mode identifier The Learn and Recall operation described in the previous Normal mode text is identical in the 300 Style mode Therefore that text is not repeated here Software Setup Setting System Parameters Use the System Parameters Menu to set the aspect ratio ratio of television picture width to height to select the matte generator chroma limiting algorithm and to set the system clock Press the SYSTEM PARAMS gt soft button below the Configuration Menu display to bring up the System Parameters Menu SYSTEM PARAMETERS MENU config system param XMITABLE FIELD 1 VALID RGB 4X3 FIELD 2 mm tone ASPECT FIELD MATTE RATIO DOMINANCE GENLIM Note that some of these system parameters were set up during installation ASPECT RATIO Soft button may be set to either the 4 x 3 or 16 x 9 setting depending on your installation requirements FIELD DOMINANCE FIELD DOMINANCE set to NONE selection changes become effective at the beginning of the next field immediately after the functions have been changed 2 21 Section 2 Startup and Configuration 2 22 Using Field Dominance If the Model 4000 output is going to be recorded onto tape that will later be edited along with other tape it is important that changes take place consistently on the sa
202. u to store recall and modify effects and keyframes in E MEM registers See below for definitions of effects and keyframes There is a total of 100 registers grouped into ten banks of ten registers E MEM register contents can be saved to disk using the floppy disk drive and Disk menus Effects and Keyframes An E MEM effect is whatever is stored in an E MEM register Switchers can store more than one switcher state a keyframe on each enabled level of a single E MEM register and can transition or run between keyframes Thus a keyframe effect is a sequence of keyframes stored in a single E MEM register An E MEM effect is the same as a keyframe effect but consists of a single keyframe on each enabled level When you learn a switcher state or insert a keyframe into an E MEM register the only switcher parameters that are learned are those that are enabled by the Enable buttons on the E MEM Subpanel see following topic on Enables and Delegates Refer also to E MEM Effects Memory Enables and Delegates Grass Valley Switchers have two groups of operations that relate to Enables and Delegates m E MEM Register operations that include Learn Recall Put Get and Run m E MEM Keyframe editing operations that include Cut Copy Paste and Modify Each E MEM register is partitioned into sections or levels corresponding to the Enable buttons on the E MEM panel and representing functional areas of
203. u use the Super Black matte to generate your Super Black output you should not turn on Super Black on the corresponding output module or vice versa C 3 Appendix C Super Black C4 In the Model 3000 4000 and 2200 Switchers there are two ways to produce Super Black First Method This is the traditional Key over a Super Black Matte Mode With this method you use one of the background matte generators as a Super Black generator NOTE When Super Black is enabled the panel controls for that matte generator are non functional To seta matte to Super Black use the Matte menu to turn on Super Black for the appropriate background generator This produces a flat matte with a Super Black Value that has a range from System Black to 20 IRE as set in the System Parameters menu For instance if you want to produce a Super Black output on an M E you can turn on Key 1 and put it over the Super Black matte on Background A Now the video output of the M E has both Video and Key information This has the disadvantage that you have to use one layer as the Super Black generator however it is possible to lay up to eight layers at a time to tape using this method Second Method This method produces Super Black utilizing a feature built into the output modules that allows mixing the video output and the Super Black Value with the corresponding key output To use this method to derive your Super Black output you must
204. udio Mixer Sync The portion of an encoded video signal which occurs during blanking and is used to synchronize the operation of the equipment Horizontal sync occurs during the blanking period in each horizontal scanning line and vertical sync occurs during the vertical blanking period Synchronous A mode of computer operation where all tasks regardless of the time they take for execution are allotted specified time cycles Also see Asynchronous System A grouping of assemblies which perform multiple related tasks Also see Assembly and Component G 14 T Terminate Termination To complete a circuit by connecting a resistive load to it A video termination is typically a male BNC connector which contains a 50 ohm or 75 ohm resistive load Any unused looping inputs must be terminated to ensure proper signal levels Time Base Corrector An electronic device used to correct video signal instability Title Caption Title Key A key derived from a title signal generated by a character generator graphics camera etc The title fill may be either a matte or title video Transcoder A device for converting one component form to another as in RGB to Y R Y B Y Also called a translator Transition An operation which changes backgrounds and or adds or removes titles A transition can be in the form of a wipe mix or cut V Vertical Interval The portion of the video signal that occurs between the en
205. ured for either shaped or unshaped video output 1 From the Configuration Menu press AUX BUS FORMAT to select the Aux Bus Format Menu AUX BUS FORMAT MENU config aux bus format VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX AUX BUS BUS 5B BUS 6B BUS 7B BUS 8B BUS 9B SHAPING gt 2 For each B bus to be configured select either VIDEO or KEY with the appropriate soft button 3 Press the AUX BUS SHAPING gt Menu button to invoke the Aux Bus Shaping Menu 2 66 Software Setup The Aux Bus Shaping Menu allows you to select the output configuration to be always shaped or always unshaped on aux buses 1 4 Thus the configuration should be set according to the input needs of the external device connected to the aux bus The switcher then internally decides whether to turn on shaping or unshaping circuitry according to the nature of the video key pair feeding the aux bus NOTE Theoutput shaped unshaped selections for the Aux Buses apply only to the Aux 1 through Aux 4 outputs and only if the Effects Send option is present Without the circuitry on the Effects Send module the aux bus outputs simply pass whatever signal is present either shaped or unshaped 1 Press the PHYS AUX SELECT button to select the physical aux bus to be used in the effects send loop 2 Setthe VIDEO KEY FMT selections for Aux Buses 1 through 4 to match the characteristic SHAPED or UNSHAPED expected by the external devices conn
206. uring this adjustment Don t worry about exact color match at this time Adjust Keyer CLIP and GAIN while observing the key waveform by depressing SHOW KEY CLIP has the most effect on foreground opacity while GAIN has most effect on background opacity a Start with both CLIP and GAIN at maximum b AdjustCLIP slightly making the foreground barely visible white if looking at SHOW KEY 4 37 Section 4 Switcher Operations 4 38 c Adjust GAIN slightly making the background barely opaque black if looking at SHOW KEY d Re adjust CLIP slightly to make the foreground opaque and the GAIN slightly to make the background opaque in that order CLIP has more effect on GAIN so adjust it first and readjust GAIN if CLIP is changed NOTES A Chroma Key is most natural if the gain is kept low Going further than necessary hardens the key edge but may be unavoidable under certain conditions For this adjustment it is better to look at the SHOW KEY signal than the M E output since the Chroma Keyer background suppression has not yet been set An alternative procedure is to switch to MATTE FILL adjust to white and select black as the background source Adjust CHROMA background suppression to eliminate the color from the background Too much suppression results in the background taking on its complementary color If a vector monitor is available the correct adjustment places the background dot in the center of the disp
207. ut The output of the switcher which allows you to observe an effect before it is placed on air Also called Look Ahead Preview Primary Inputs Video and key inputs that have not passed through any processing circuits These sources are selectable by the Source Select buttons on the main control panel Printer A device which converts signals into letters numbers symbols and graphics for output onto paper Also see Hard Copy Program A complex sequence of instructions which tell a computer how to receive process store and transmit information for a specific task or related tasks Also see Operating Program and Routine Program PGM Output The on air or final output of the switcher May also be a signal which is available at the Program output of a Mix Effects system ready to be placed as a re entry on the switcher Program output PROM Programmable Read Only Memory An information storage device on which the information once entered G 12 cannot readily be changed It is nonvolatile memory such that power conditions do not effect the information Also see EEPROM RAM and ROM Pulse Regenerator A circuit which accepts reference color black or another composite color video input and processes it to produce sync blanking subcarrier and burst flag PAL only reference pulses for use within the switcher R R Y The designator used to describe the Red minus Luminance color portion of a com
208. video source select MASK BUS on the Mask Subpanel Select the source by delegating it to the Mask Bus on the PVW AUX Bus Delegate row of buttons Use TOP GAIN and BOTTOM CLIP active when the MASK BUS button on the Masks Subpanel is selected knobs on the Masks Subpanel to adjust the mask source as you would adjust a key source The following adjustments are made on the Keyer Subpanel To put a border on the key select a Borderline option must be installed on keyer key edge mode BORDER SHADOW EXTRUDE or OUTLINE To position the edge adjust the SIZE POS Knob Set brightness with the OPACITY Knob To set the edge color use the Matte Subpanel controls To clear a border mode to its default position and color hold the crosspoint button down and press CLEARWORK BUFR To turn off the border modes creating an unbordered key select NORMAL edge mode Luminance and Linear Keying Operations Figure 4 5 Pattern Mix Border Using Primary amp Secondary Wipe Generators The effect shown in Figure 4 8 was created as follows Primary Wipe Generator creates a rectangular wipe Secondary Wipe Generator creates a vertical wipe to add perspective Finally a Pattern Mix is performed between the two wipes 16 You may also want to experiment with other key modifier selections such as KEY OPACITY on the Keyer Menu and the various controls on the Keyer Video Process Menu 17 When you are finally done adjusting the key transiti
209. ward black in areas of the key and has little visible effect with FGD RESHAPE set to on except at the key edges The appropriate setting depends on relative foreground and background brightness at the edges In this mode the foreground signal is processed by the keying signal which also cuts a hole in the background This mode makes better keys when conditions are not ideal lighting or noise but produces a harder less natural key 7 Examine the resultant key If the foreground appears with uniform coloring from the chroma key wall you may minimize this with FLARE SUPRESSION accessed in the CHR KEY CK HUE MODIFIERS menu NOTE It is very easy to overdo this adjustment causing coloring of the entire foreground with a color complementary to that being keyed Do not use FLARE SUPRESSION in an attempt to eliminate color fringing 8 Adjust SECONDARY COLOR SUPRESSION Use Secondary Color Suppression to minimize the fringing around the foreground object or tinting of a translucent object such as glass These adjustments can be found in the CHR KEY SECONDARY COLOR menu Before attempting this adjustment identify the primary area of the image requiring suppression Chroma Keying Operations NOTE SEC COLOR SUPRESSION is subtle and only applies to areas of the key which are translucent a Set SEC COLOR SUPPRESS to on and set the SUPPRESS MODE to CHROMA If you did not use Auto Setup adjust the SEC COLOR SUPPRESS AN
210. which divides the video by the key signal The Model 2200 3000 and 4000 switchers as well as some Digital Picture Manipulators DPMs have selectable unshaping circuits on their outputs Non Shaped Video Any full raster full screen video that has not previously been processed by a key signal This is also sometimes loosely defined as Unshaped Video Video sources from devices such as cameras are usually full raster video and thus are non shaped These sources are not usually accompanied by key signals Shaped and Unshaped Video Input Shaped and Unshaped Video Video coming into a switcher may or may not already be shaped depending upon its source The Configuration Menu has a selection for you to define whether the source video for each video input is shaped or unshaped This is what tells the switcher how to process the signal If you incorrectly identify the type of video in the Configuration menu that is if you select shaped when you should select unshaped or vice versa your keys will have dark or light halos at the edges Output Shaped and Unshaped Video In addition to the input shaped unshaped selections there are output selections that allow you to set the switcher output for either shaped or unshaped fill video Shaped video is the preferred setting if the designation device can accept it Refer to the Shaped and Unshaped Video Application Note in the Appendix section of this manual for more information
211. y Clean Feed Video switchable m M E3 Program Key Clean Feed Video switchable m PGM PST Preview Video and DSK Preview Video m M E 1 and M E2 Preview Video m AUX Buses 1A B 9A B m Clean Feed Video Section 1 System Overview Functional Description General Overview Figure 1 6 shows a simple video flow diagram for the Model 4000 Video and key signals enter the input modules of the Model 4000 which consist of component analog and or component serial digital formats The analog signals are converted to digital format and all inputs are timed and conditioned The digital signals are then passed to the Video and Effects Section where keying and mixing take place This section also provides effect modifications such as wipes and keyframing that can be applied to selected inputs In the Output Section digital video and key signals are routed to the Serial Digital Output Modules and the standard Analog Output Module before leaving the Signal Processor Video Processing Input video and key signal selections are made by the Crosspoint Matrix under control of the system Controller according to operator assignments entered via the Control Panel In addition to primary external video secondary internal sources such as Masks M E re entry video and optional Frame Store are available as inputs to the crosspoint matrix Any suitable component digital signal from the Crosspoint matrix may feed the Chromatte Chroma Key
212. y is on air you can change backgrounds behind it Select BKGD A only and do a transition To remove the key s select KEY 1 and or KEY 2 and do another transition You can also cut the currently delegated key layer on or off using the Keyer CUT button Preset Pattern Keying Operations Preset Pattern Keying Operations A preset pattern key Figure 4 6 cuts a key hole in the background in the shape of a wipe pattern The procedure for creating a preset pattern key is as follows Select the Keyer KEY 1 KEY 2 or DSK button to delegate the keyer you want to use 1 Select a Key bus crosspoint to provide the fill video For an over the shoulder box as shown in the figure the fill video would be a compressed picture from a DPM 2 Select Keyer Subpanel PRI PST PTTN and VIDEO FILL buttons 3 Onthe Wipe Subpanel select the pattern buttons in the pattern section If you want to select a pattern from the menu press the Menu button twice and select a pattern from the Wipe Pattern Menu 4 Select the PATTERN MIX button in the Pattern section and adjust the pattern Size Adjust the size of the pattern Edge Width Select BORDER and adjust WIDTH Edge Softness Select SOFT and adjust SOFTNESS Edge Color Select PRI WIPE using the MATTE SEL button and adjust the Matte Subpanel BRIGHTNESS SAT and HUE controls Position Adjust the joystick to move the pattern Press the POS CTR button if you want to re center the patt
213. you are assigning a format to the key inputs on Card 2which handles key inputs 38 and 40 3 After formatting the input determine whether the key input requires SETUP or NO SETUP Do this by selecting KEY SETUP or NO SETUP for each key input The SETUP selection sets all outputs for a black level 7 5 IRE above blanking The NO SETUP selection puts black at blanking level 2 29 Section 2 Startup and Configuration Setting Analog Input Timing Use the Analog Input Timing Menu to match the timing of each analog key input to the key bus From the Inputs Menu press the ANLG INPUT TIMING gt button to select the Analog Input Timing Menu ANALOG INPUT TIMING MENU config inputs anlg inp timing INPUTS CARD 3 41 44 CARD 1 33 36 CARD 2 37 40 CARD 4 45 48 CARD 5 49 52 CARD 6 53 56 CARD 7 57 60 CARD 8 61 64 CARD 2 4 4 CARD SELECT 2 30 Increment the CARD SELECT button until you reach the analog key inputs you want to time to the key bus Here you are timing all four inputs to the reference Use the INP NN NN TIMING buttons to step the inputs in 1 4 clock increments where 1 the shortest delay and 4 the INP 37 38 TIMING largest delay INP 39 40 TIMING Software Setup Mapping Crosspoints Use the Map Inputs Menu to define the format for each video or key input NOTE This function

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