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Blúgate Final Design Report

1. AA E E bb 2 0elezjor 6 z zs e szer 11 v 2z oz ev 9 oe sz et Vi v az 90 Aen 90 ady 90 4e 90 494 90 uer 50 280 SO AON 50 PO 50 das usiut HEIS uogeang awen ysel 8 B 1 ineering Calvin College Eng Senior Design 2006 Team 6 May 16 2006 Bl gate Final Design Report Schedule Continued koss SNOWS PM Sog enun amp s ep LAL ampal Ej e2 SHOWS PIM 0 8 6 NUL S BD LIL SNOSUCTIAISIW ec rm EEE AAA SQL VS PAN SAL KOL UOM S BP SEL aueue JUSSA ala poro Swazi SUSILLIES Eshop oz ainpayos Eje UU UNUM UNUM A UN NU I UU I NN CI INNEN QWZWSH4 SOLWOLANL ssdep gs suoday snes E s Oo SMIL US Soi S Bp ph peaujooud E u ES SAWE We S BP6L unooog asoduo pue ajquiassy Ele e 902WSP9 9 LbcpJ S RP6L yoday jeu zz TM 90ZWS U4 G0BUTANL is epss suonuesaJd 43440 E e ES SQ SZ LL UON SQNLZ LL UOW s Bp 9 uoneyuesaAd aanae4d Eo ED SQ BZ LL UON Soo UOW s Bp 9 uonejuasad SIN E 69 sl SO SZ LL UON SO LZ LL UON zS ep 9 uonejuasaJd Ayliqisea4 EN H SUZWOL PaM Soo LOL UOW s ep e uonejuasaJg 20110844 EE 29 B SO Z MOL PM SO OMOL UOW is epg uonejuasald SUN Es f SO ZWOL PIM SQ 0LOL UON zS ep uonejuasaJd UONINPO N
2. BDWE gt BOLKE gt BOLA 9 nw b ce OS A241 ur so pa v 23 BF CAC 55 89 CC asia Ce i Uc prev FEAT cm MS Ee TO TM TG pr kura Wa VEE TIMCH ws Tc d c a Ez Tem AA CETT lt gt op JAM MCFS249LPV140 BRIAN Ld DATA E Dala an usta gt vara zt para z Gaia fond DAA m sara zs bad DATA gr maa LI nara 2 fun usta ot a ft So RESET lt gt gt LOA cam gt srs ES TX AGIA T 016308 XY eS 5 RmUcPoM Figure 9 Base Station Processor The array of capacitors at the top of Figure 9 were used to decouple the voltages to the processor These capacitors must be placed as close to the processor as possible The CRIN pin on the processor was connected to the oscillator to give the processor the required clock speed to run The processor is power with 1 8V and 3 3V The other signals are discussed in the following sections Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 34 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 3 4 4 3 2 2 Memory There are two memory devices in the base station A flash memory module which is has a capacity of 1M x 16 or 16 megabits The SDRAM has a capacity of 1M x 16 x 4 banks which is equal to 64 megabits The memory interface to the processor is shown in Figure 10 fra L VTA CAM TGAZE 150 TR Figure 10 Production Model Memory Interface The Flash memory is nonvolatile storage for the base station softw
3. and the surrounding circuitry The surrounding circuitry involved research into processors memory and supporting components like resistors and capacitors 3 3 2 1 Bluetooth IC Research for the base device primarily consists of researching a Bluetooth IC Initially a goal of the project was to design as much of the circuit as possible but research into the operation of Bluetooth and the components required to implement Bluetooth found that it would be nearly impossible to design the circuit at this level The operation of Bluetooth requires many components that had to interact in a very precise way at high frequencies Some of these components are a microcontroller interacting with a memory management system and code from memory executing and sending data to radio components that are operating at 2 5GHz In light of this information the focus shifted from designing a complicated Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 14 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 Bluetooth IC from scratch to designing an IC that had Bluetooth and most of the essential components included It was not difficult to find these types of ICs but most of the manufacturers provided limited datasheets and information The BlueCore2 IC was found at a reasonable price of 54 for a quantity of five 4 BlueCore3 and BlueCore4 ICs are also available at variable prices The specifications concerning the decision between these ICs are package size price
4. Eg 33 Presentations 33909 sso 2 50 26001 25501 450 gt a ml T REN T 7 TE Practice Presentation____________ _______ssoo _ 25560 750 750 850 2 00 fExectuive Summaries 10 00 1100 300 400 300 1 00 fAssemble and Compose Doccumens 2400 ooo 10 00 1000 10 00 10 00 l lPooread 12000 16000 4000 0 ao 0 40 400 Status Reports ooo isso 200 250 1000 100 Schedule Go Of X 100 X 100 2soJ 250 Website Maintenance 1000 250 1 250 AA 150 00 199 00 46 00 51 00 51 00 51 00 Miscellaneous consultant meeting 50 00 60 50 20 50 14 50 14 00 11 50 Marketting 15 00 11 00 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering A 2 Team 6 May 16 2006 Bl gate Final Design Report B Schedule S crz UOW IOGT uoi S B LL synsay sa juswndog SOOT UON S rsre UON S Bp LL 159 woad S e c VA SUZ PAN aipa 34P3904d 4531 aulajag 9007 7 UON 90 ZP9M S Rp L 9po 1591 9097 VON S r ci L Hd shep ZL apop PIM IWOZ L 4 SPL Pa s BpeEL abenbue Duiuueb044 Wea IWOZ L Md Op L Pav shep EL YAO WEI OI SOILD M3 SWPWOLMI sep gp SBYAN 04 BU0Ud 189 4538 SUIUA aq 90 07 Z UON St SAP EG uone2yipojy 3U0Yd HNJ SOO WE Md INLE an shep p snso 3u3 ping S rgre uo gazz uow s ep g Bod ping OWIZZANL Soszuow is epzi sjueuoduio auInboy pue 18PI0 900W 14 90 9 Z uoW S Rp sz iquiassy sarezzen gwizz an s epg amnsopug
5. as specified for such a class 2 Bluetooth device 25 These figures interact well with one another and allow for proper operation of the base station However in order to reduce overlap from one base station to another the operational radius would need to be reduced for most applications for example movie theaters With a reduced radius the base station code would need to be streamlined for faster operation to allow the same flux of people through the now reduced area In addition to increasing the speed the base station code may also be augmented with additional functionality in future development The use of the Linux operating system for the base station allows for great expandability One suggested possibility is the use of a database to track devices as they go past the gate With the ability to recognize specific devices the base station would be capable of more intelligent functionality The possibility exists to dynamically set timer lengths on the device as well as track Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 44 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 whether the device is coming or going through the gate so as to trigger the correct setting This method would be preferable to the current method of forcing the device dormant by the client program for a pre specified amount of time after receiving the base station signal as this greater flexibility would increase the robustness of the system The base station h
6. www csrsupport com download 83 BlueCore2 External 20Data 20Sheet 20BC212015 ds 001Pi pdf 9 December 2005 7 National Semiconductor Simply Blue Product Family http www national com appinfo wireless simply_blue html 9 December 2005 8 Sony Sony Global Radio Communication http www sony net Products SC HP pro radio bluetooth html 9 December 2005 9 Nokia Nokia Forum Nokia http www forum nokia com main 0 034 4 00 html 9 December 2005 10 Mobiledia Corp Mobiledia http www mobiledia com shop search compare php 9 December 2005 11 Nokia Nokia Web Specials http nokia letstalk com product promo htm pgId 100 amp setZip 15001 amp model 62561 9 December 2005 12 Amazon com Amazon com http www amazon com exec obidos subst home home html 103 434191 1 1514268 9 December 2005 13 Nokia Python for Series 90 http www forum nokia com python 9 December 2005 14 All About Group AAS Gallery Series 60 Phones http www allaboutsymbian com gallery Series 60 Phones 9 December 2005 15 Sun Microsystems J2SE 1 4 2 http java sun com 2me download html 9 December 2005 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 47 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Sun Microsystems Inc Java 2 Platform Micro Edition J2M E Overview http java sun com j2me overview html 9 December 2005 Woodings Rya
7. 2 30 730 200 Circuit Design 15000 9000 4400 3 00 4300 0 00 a KESZ EST EEE RE DN EEE EEE __ PowerSupply 3500 1500 OT 1400 __ Bluetooth processor interface 10000 7300 4400 2900 PCB Layout A 10000 3300 500 400 2400 000 Learning Software 3 8001 10000 200 0 800 Bluetooth Processorinterace 7900 1700 500 200 0 1000 PowrSppy 018500 30 30 Antenna s o a J X sol IDetermineTestProcedure 400 4oo Of 200 Determine Test Equipment _ __2 00 _0 50 _o s0 __ _j__ PefomTest CT 4000 7200 2000 2000 22 00 1000 Document Test Res 2000 50 50 I 201 Enclosure 1 11 160 oo ooo ooo ooo ooo j ReseachEncosueMateras 1 4o oo J Design Enclosure seo oo Assembly 1 1 1 1 1 1 4o00 8450 X 3600 ooo 4850 ooo _ Order and Acquire Components 400 4 00 2 00 Bui 1 1 3 3HD 3 2eo soso 3400 amp 4d4eso o Build Enclosure 10 00 1 0 0 137 00 ooo 12500 000 1200 eamos Of 1800 sooj _ Code Base Station ______ ooo 1100 f 1 000 1000 TestCode coo J 1000 amp 200 Cellular Phone Modification 37700
8. 32750 2600 11300 ooo 188 50 Learn Programming Language 2000 3000 5 220 800 Write Code 100000 22100 so 14600 46 50 000 t300 000 33 50 Determine Test Procedure 400 120 2o 16 PerformTest 1 1 1 0 1 3 eo 2315 tooo 21 50 Document Test Results 4of 30 vo 231 200 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering A 1 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 Task List continued Task name Hours Budgeted Hours Logged Matt Hours Nick Hours Jared Hours Ryan Hours Test Base and Phone Together 96 00 2000 1000 0 00 4800 2000 10001 1000 SE ol eo eo ol 20 Dea E 2500 050 gt gt A A pesonnoms 3 9L i _ Researeh________________ ____ oh 417500 eoo 100 650 400 Project Management ao 1 4 40 Preliminary Feasibility Analysis BO 900 OO PojetReqireemnts 2000 OPO BaseDevce CT amp 0 10500 of Of Client Program 3 31 150 go Soo sso Conclusion___________________ ____ 20 iso 1s a fh oD a ii t et LO 20 00 too Local Documentation 105 00 80 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 Base Station Hardware sol 45 00 20 00 5 00 20 00 Base Station Software A _ ClientCode________________ _____ soo zoow ___ ___ _____ 2000 szende e T
9. States Postal Service can ship in 11 x 8 5 x 5 5 boxes for 8 10 Most customers will probably buy base stations in quantities of four or more Four base stations could easily fit in an 11 x 8 5 x 5 5 so the price per base station to transport would be no more than 2 03 USD 3 2 2 2 Final Retail Cost Using the BOM section and the costs for labor and distribution base stations will cost 60 90 According to market surveys however the retail price would be much higher see Figure 1 Market Value of Device ii 200 250 USD o 100 150 USD m 50 100 USD u o a 0 o o 3 a 6 E 5 z Market Value Figure 1 Market Value of Base Station Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 12 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 According to Figure 1 base stations would probably be sold in the range of 200 to 250 United States Dollars USD These prices do not take into account competition so the actual retail price may be a bit lower depending on the level of competition 3 2 2 3 Estimate Cost of Parts Labor Distribution 3 2 2 4 Final Retail Cost 3 3 Preliminary Research There were several areas of research First similar products were researched to determine the project s feasibility and to ensure no copyrights were infringed As stated before the two major components of the system are the base station and the client program running on the mobile phone In o
10. has been well received however and is being included in most of the new phones being produced Bluetooth has strong potential for the future but due to its current lack of availability this criterion received a five Based upon the decision matrix Bluetooth was chosen as the connection method While the initial scope of this project specified Java as the programming language for the client program further research done after the writing of the specifications document showed MIDP the Java protocol for mobile devices to have only superficial hardware control Due to this a new programming language was needed and C provided this The initial intent with choosing Java as the coding language was to allow for maximum portability between various mobile platforms The switch to C reduced this cross portability and a cellular phone had to be found that would allow access to lower level functionality through user written C programs The phone that met the criteria and was also not too expensive for the prototyping budget was the Nokia 3650 running on the SymbianOS 560 Unfortunately a side issue to coding in C and to accessing such low level functionality as ringer settings is the loss of generalization The code for the prototype is specialized to the device for which it was developed Therefore more changes and in some case significant changes may be required to port the program to other mobile devices The base station functionality was als
11. i e PDA cellular phone etc For example one phone might turn to vibrate mode while another would just turn down the volume to a very low level As long as the mobile phone is in the Quiet Zone these settings will hold but upon leaving the area the original settings will be restored The goal behind the Q Zone technology is not to interrupt service to the phones but to reduce or eliminate the distractions that could be caused by these devices Since the communication is through Bluetooth only devices with this technology and the software can be controlled The software is currently only available on a royalty free licensing to handset manufacturers BlueLinx also holds a patent for politeness zones for wireless communication devices 3 This patent seemed to be exactly what the Silence is Golden team was planning on implementing However upon closer inspection of the patent it was noted that the politeness zone transmitter was defining the politeness zone Team 6 s idea is to make a device that acts similar to a gate that is when a cellular device passes in proximity of a base station the settings will be changed to a silent or vibrate mode The device will remain in the silent or vibrate state until it passes through the proximity of a base station for a second time or a time limit has been reached 3 3 2 Base Station The major components involved in creating the base station were a Bluetooth Integrated Circuit Bluetooth IC
12. lot of information that the team cannot access without purchasing the IC the LMX9820A received a 20 for the documentation The CXN1000 had a 24 page datasheet that had some good information but no other information was found relating to this product Therefore the CXN1000 received a 12 for the documentation The weighted totals in the decision matrix show that the BlueCore2 was clearly the best choice for the design team to purchase As can be seen from table 1 documentation was the leading factor in the decision matrix This was a major reason for considering the BlueCore2 IC over the other options The remaining weighted totals in the decision matrix showed that the BlueCore2 was clearly the best choice for purchase Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 16 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 The research for the remaining hardware components revolved around the selection of the Bluetooth IC Since the BlueCore ICs looked like the best choice research continued so that other components needed to operate the BlueCore IC could be found Manufacturers were searched for voltage regulators resistors capacitors antennas and filters These components depended on the final circuit design so the next step was to create a final schematic for the prototype 3 3 2 2 Supporting Hardware Components It was later discovered that the BlueCore IC would be unable to work without supporting circuitry Although the BlueCore IC ha
13. station Unfortunately that was not the case and the team had to scramble to find a solution Therefore it is importation to always have several plans so that it is not overly difficult to change if needed Also Team 6 learned to learn The team had no previous knowledge regarding Bluetooth since Bluetooth is a new technology The team also had to learn to design Printed Circuit Boards PCB in Eagle and make them in the lab program in a Linux environment and access phone functionality in the Symbian OS Communication was the last lesson learned The team was broken up into two groups two members worked on hardware and two members worked on software Although the hardware and software groups communicated well in themselves full team communication was lacking Sometimes it was difficult for the groups to explain to each other what they had accomplished Also sometimes one group was dependent on the other team s progress and if the other group did not have what was needed it caused frustration and inefficiency 4 2 Future Work The current performance of this design is not to the standard that would be necessary for a production version It must be kept in mind however that this design is still in the prototype stages At the time of this writing the base station code takes approximately ten seconds from beginning of device scan to start of next device scan The operational radius of the base station is at present approximately 30 feet
14. the setting that allows you to choose which profile the Bl Gate device will switch your phone to There are two possible settings for mode Silent or Vibrate If the mode is set to silent your phone will switch to Silent profile when activated by a Bl Gate device but only if the Status is set to Running If the mode is vibrate your phone will be set to Vibrate profile To change this setting select the options button Then scroll through the choices until you have Toggle Mode selected Next press the Ok button This should change the setting and you should immediately see the change on the screen Exiting the Graphical User Interface GUI In order to exit the application you can either select the Back button or open the options menu and select the Exit option If the status is set to Running a process will continue in the background that will open the GUI again if a Bl Gate device is detected The GUI will stay open until the user closes it This allows the user to know when settings have been changed Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering H 1 Team 6
15. therefore given a two The speed with which this connection could be created is dependent upon the cellular network and the speed with which the user accepted the incoming call This lengthy process from the perspective of modern electronics gave the cellular network speed a value of five Since every cellular phone requires use of the cellular network availability receives a 10 Bluetooth The user interaction of this connection method received a 60 because it required no user interaction Bluetooth is capable of up to seven simultaneous client connections lending this criterion an eight Bluetooth is a relatively new technology but is also relatively contained The Bluetooth standard is contained within its IC implementations Due to this the hardware design needed only to incorporate this IC The IC packages however are difficult to interface without sophisticated component mounting equipment The complexity of implementation was therefore given a five The speed with which this connection could be created was dependent upon the paging time of the Bluetooth connection 1 804 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 26 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 seconds 17 This is the fastest connection speed that could be expected from any of the considered connection methods and was given a value of eight Since Bluetooth is still a relatively new technology it is not on every cellular phone on the market today Bluetooth
16. were connected to RX and TX respectively on the processor Also CTS and RTS on the Bluetooth module were connected to RTS and CTS respectively on the processor There are also some decoupling capacitors that need to be placed near the module This design has the same indicator diodes to show transmitting and receiving data wirelessly The antenna is also the same as in the prototype design 3 4 4 4 Bill of Materials Table 12 shows the bill of materials for the prototype This however doesn t include prices Since all of the parts listed were from the ColdFire development board many of the parts could not be found to get a price Table 12 BOM for Prototype Prototype Item Gty Reference Part Description 1 2 C1 C2 4 7uF 35V Through hole Electrolytic capacitor 2 1 C3 220nF Through hole capacitor 3 1 D1 Kingbright W17A2GT Green through hole LED 4 2 D2 D3 Kingbright W17A2YT Yellow through hole LED 5 2 IC1 IC2 SN7408 Through hole 4x AND gate 6 1 IC3 LM324 General purpose opamp 7 1 IC4 National LP2950 3 3V voltage regulator TO 92 8 1 Pi Newark 39870 0702 2 pin molex connector 9 1 P2 Mouser 142 0701 801 Edge mount sma connector 10 3 R1 R2 R5 Through hole 160 ohm resistor Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 37 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 11 1 R3 Through hole 22k ohm resistor 12 1 R4 Through hol
17. 006 Calvin College Engineering 48 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 7 Appendices A Task PR Error Bookmark not defined B Sched le in Error Bookmark not defined C Final Prototype Schematic Error Bookmark not defined D Production Design ssssessssssssseseee Error Bookmark not defined E Client Program Flow e Error Bookmark not defined F Software Documentation ceres Error Bookmark not defined G Full Client and Base Station Code Error Bookmark not defined Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 49 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 A Task List Hours logged Task name Hours Budgeted Hours Logged Matt Hours Nick Hours Jared Hours Ryan Hours System design 680 3950 2900 1300 900 8 50 Project Specification 1000 90 200 300 300 1 00 Alternative Solutions _____ 1000 oo 200 200 100 1 00 Determine Overall Goals 800 60 1 00 200 100 2 00 Patent Research ooo so 20 050 Base Station 46300 466 50 12500 15650 16000 25 00 Preliminary Research 9100 4200 6 1600 450 1850 3 00 ea Best Genus ft __ Determine Find Required Electrical Componentg 5000 2200 140 700 1 00 MAT AA IS Pf af Loterias
18. 1 1 Power Supply A simple power supply was used for the prototype See Figure 4 The regulator is a simple three pin plastic can IC This device is made for battery applications so it has a low input current requirement It can take an input up to 30V The two pin connector allowed for an easy connection from a power supply to the circuit board A filter capacitor was placed on the input and output of the regulator The regulator s datasheet specified at least a 2 2uF capacitor on the output No 2 2uF capacitor could be found on campus but the 4 7uF capacitors were available for free on campus and the 4 7uF still meets the requirements given in the datasheet Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 28 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 IC1 LP2950 GND 2 FIN CONNGND Figure 4 Prototype Power Supply The capacitor on the input of the regulator was added after initial testing because there was some oscillation from the power supply that caused the output of the regulator to be above 3 3V The green LED lights when the regulator is receiving an input Resistor R8 limits the current through the LED to be 10mA so that the LED shines brightly 3 4 4 3 1 2 Bluetooth Module The Bluetooth module did not require a lot of surrounding circuitry The module contained most of the required components onboard for the Bluetooth IC to function This included memory oscillator regulators and some passive comp
19. 5 Table 5 Decision Matrix for Interfacing Bluetooth IC Weighting 30 25 100 a ss Data Bus 10 50 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 17 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 The first criterion was compatibility Compatibility encompasses the devices ability to even work with the BlueCore IC It was discovered through research that the BlueCore IC could be integrated by means of a Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter UART controller This is also known as serial transmission so it was deduced that the BlueCore IC was fully compatible with a serial port The serial port got the full 20 There was less information regarding the data bus but since the data bus is used to control every device on a computer it was assumed the BlueCore IC was compatible The data bus was given a 15 The second criterion was familiarity Everyone on Team 6 was pretty familiar with serial ports and how they work So the serial port got a 25 As for the data bus there was less familiarity so it got a 10 Ease of integration was the third criterion It was assumed the BlueCore IC would be hard to integrate with both devices The serial port got a 20 because a RS232 plug could be purchased to put into the serial port on the coldfire board If the data bus was used wires would have to be attached directly to the board itself so the data bus got a 15 The last criterion was documention There was a lot more documentation regar
20. C ss 15 Table 5 Decision Matrix for Interfacing Bluetooth IC sese 17 Table 6 Decisi n Matrix f r Microprocessor 5e eese soper tees een oe aua ee uen kreert aij 19 Table 7 Decision Matrix for Flash ROM rerervrovonvrnvennrnvsnnrnsennrnsennnnsennnnsennensennnnsensvssnsvsenrsesennn 19 Table 8 Decision Matrix for RAM ssinsiinnonaniiin iia incre 20 Table 9 Decision Matrix for Mobile Phone 0 eee ceesseceesseceeeeceeseecesneeceeneeceeneecseneeceteeeceeeeees 22 Table 10 Total current in battery powered prototype sees enne 25 Table 11 Connection Method Decision Matrix sees 25 Table 12 BOM for Proton OOO ini 37 Table 13 BOM for Production Model isisicccesscccissscseecveversccealbbeecdiavasaceiedeeeesateasaaeaipedactessnccaeenceeens 38 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 Executive Summary The purpose of this design project was to design a system for silencing cellular phones within a specified area This system was to be constructed in two parts a client to be run on the cellular phone and a base station to activate deactivate the client within a given proximity The client was to be responsible for controlling the ring setting of the phone The connection between the phone and base station was to be via Bluetooth technology The device was to be designed to be placed in an entrance exit The first pass throu
21. M5249C3 Coldfire Dev Kit RS232 Transceiver Over night The items that were adjusted or added are in bold so that they can be easily seen and compared to the actual project budget Table 3 shows that the actual amount for the project without subsidization would have been almost 1700 Through creative purchasing donations and using the available on campus resource the team was able to reduce the cost to just under 400 well within the 500 budget the team was given Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 1 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 3 2 2 Production If base stations were to be marketed the production of base stations shall stay under the projected cost of 100 United States Dollars USD The production includes all parts labor and distribution 3 2 2 1 Estimate Cost of Parts Labor Distribution The cost of parts can be seen in the Bill of Materials in section 3 4 4 4 An important part that is left out of the BOM is the enclosure The cost of the enclosure was estimated at 0 75 per base station This estimate was based on information from Team 11 who had purchased a plastic enclosure for their project For labor it was assumed that it would take 20 minutes to hand craft a base station and get the software loaded on If an employee is paid 12 00 per hour then it costs 4 00 per base station for labor As for distribution a third party would be paid to transport base stations to customers United
22. May 16 2006 CLAI Y I IN MINDS IN THE MAKING Bs Bl gate Final Design Report Team 6 Silence Is Golden Matt Cosnek Nick Ellens Jared Heys Ryan Smith Bl gate Final Design Report Calvin College Engineering Senior Design 2006 May 16 2006 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 O 2006 Calvin College and Matt Cosnek Nick Ellens Jared Heys Ryan Smith Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 Table of Contents Executive Summary ici L Introduction inning acia 2 1 1 Acronyms and Definitions eei ea e hes t eee dan cane eltelve assi 2 2 Problem Specification suges poorer ioi sides A 2 1 Description of Challenge i ee a e eite e ait 4 22 Project Requiareitiehts asus ANE 4 2 2 1 Pre S G 4 22 11 Base Station Hard wate aiii dis 4 22 052 Base Station SO Wa uti 5 2 2 2 Cent Prosratiis i e e e t e et 5 3 Proposed Solution ssssessseeeeeeeeeeee 3 1 Project MANASE ME in 7 3 1 1 Team anza ii ida rin 7 3 1 2 Work Breakdown Side AAA WAA 8 3 1 3 Scheduled ua AI AA teal cce toria WAA 9 J Project BO AA KA Na 10 3 2 1 PIL PE Ecc 10 322 PROGUCHION ER RE TE 12 3 3 Preliminary Rescata 13 3 3 1 Similar PROGUCES eR 13 332 BS 14 oup BI AA KA N 14 3 3 2 2 Supporting Hardware Components esee di 17 35221 Prototype to hy itanerood a po Deb e
23. S pin was connected to the RTS pin on the base station host processor and the Bluetooth module RTS pin was connected to CTS on the host processor The Bluetooth module TX and RX pins were connected to the RX and TX pins respectively on the host processor This connection configuration allows for hardware flow control between the module and the host processor Pin 15 is a 1 8V output from the regulator that supplies the 1 8V to the microprocessor The output of the 3 3V regulator described in section 3 4 4 3 1 1 was connected to pin 16 This supplies power to the Bluetooth module Pins 18 through 21 are used for audio applications and were not needed for this project Both of the USB interface pins 22 and 23 were grounded since the UART was used This was done on the suggestion of Bryan Hall from A7 Engineering Programmable IO pins 24 through 29 were not used in this project Pins 30 and 31 are programmable IO pins that were used to indicate Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 30 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 when the module is transmitting and receiving data on the antenna The LEDs turn on when data is being sent and received The diode on pin 30 will blink when data is being transmitted and the diode on pin 31 will blink when data is being received Resistors R9 and R10 are used to limit the current through the LEDs so that they will function properly Pin 33 is connected to a 50 ohm antenna This is an edge m
24. U so EES AA M At 902 VS 14 SOOWOL UON SAP 2S suonejuasaJd E 9 FN GOZWSH4 Soc uow S B LL ansojou3 E e EXE S cWsu4 wow s epza apo jue Ej za 11177777 90ZWSU4 90I aN sep BUBAKYOS UOIJEIS ASE Es EN mm rs sm Ste ws UA SO WLLeni s ep LpL AUBAKHIBY uonejs aseg EE 0 o vs nc rn miflt 90 cws 4 SWWLLANL SAP pep uonejyuauina3og 2907 6S SO amp ZLMJ Sanu ES ep SL asiaaypeadootg ES es Swai SOFLZTLL Ab LOISMIDLOS Elis EX SEIZE U4 SOLL UON is ep SL wesBorg jue EE s po Swazi SOWELL UON S B OZ eowag eseg E ss ES SQ BZ LL UON SOrZ LL UOW s Bp 9 sjuawaunbay paloig En ps rn Swazi SMOWLLNUL S B zz sisAjeus Ayyqisea y Mbulu EJ es EEUU SQB ZVM4 SOzWoLuoW esdep Lp juawaBeuey 122 o4d Ez EXA SDBT LL Say S B 6t yoleasay Es E SO SZIOL MJ SO SZIOL anL is epp suuoN UBISaq Eo Ex SO SZI6 pai SONZIB PIM is epg seAna qo El er El SO SZ OL M4 SMSTDLANL is epy aumo E e BSSALILLIGGGGGLGu GCGLGUX GUZ S G CL UA SULTE PAM SAP 65 Sddd E dp AAA flt 90 2WS PIM SOLE PIM SAP ELL uonejuauinaog 9b EX GOZWSU4 awe is ep c papaa se ubisag apepdn EJ sp SuzWSUJ sos is ep JE Jauo auoud pue aseg 152 ale a 9 zWs IWE S PP LE Bursa wajsAs Ing E Et zl zl bi 2 oe ez st 6 z 9z 61 z1 s se ev ev s ez zz sv e v seler ti v 2z oz e 9 Joslezlor 6 z se ev 10 v YS HEIS u
25. a two Designing a docking station that would accept all models of cellular phone would have been extremely difficult as each phone manufacturer has a different connector design The complexity of implementation was therefore given a five The speed with which this connection could be created was dependent upon the user presenting their phone and properly inserting it into the docking cradle This lengthy process from the perspective of modern electronics gave the docking cradle speed a value of five Since docking cradles have been used for many years the components for implementation are easily obtained as all phones are designed for some form of cradle interface The docking station method therefore received a 10 for this category Cellular Network The user interaction of this connection method received a five because it required the user to provide their personal cellular phone number as well as accept any call or data transfer sent to the phone from the base The cellular network is capable of contacting all of the required phones at the same time lending this criterion a 10 The cellular network is well established technology This method would require hardware to interface with this network and contact the phones However creating the capability to change settings on the phone via this network would present insurmountable challenges as this form of interaction would infringe upon proprietary phone features The complexity of implementation was
26. al Design Report May 16 2006 Table of Figures Figure 1 Market Value of Base Station sucinta id 12 Figure 2 Desired Coldfire and BlueCore IC Prototype oooocccconocononccononcccnnncnnonnncconnncconnncnnnnacinns 18 Figure 3 Battery Power Supply Circuit ea eese tee tct ee RUD RR AUN RE t t t s 24 Figure 4 Prototype Power Supply usse petivit p ihe REA SE dre paean 29 Figure 5 Bluetooth module and surrounding CirCUI LY cooococonoccnonocanoncccnnnnncnnnnnconnnnonnnnnonncnononeninns 30 Fr ure6R5232 Transceiver us te a tisque p a D ee A hie AA 31 Hisute 1 Prototype PCB Layos A A aa ee aos 32 Figure 8 Production Block Diagram ire in add 33 Figure 9 Base Station Prosessene 34 Figure 10 Production Model Memory Interface eese nennen 35 Figure 11 Power Supply and Oscillator Components eese 36 Figure 12 Production Bluetooth Interface Lunestad cere ee Ae opea ie 37 Figure 13 BluGateServer basic program TOWN ede amana 39 Figure 14 BluGate Basic program flo eoe ebst uie t orte Eon idi me b dei AE 41 Figure 15 Base Station Program Flow ua ri 42 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 Table of Tables Table 1 Table of Acronyms and Definitions essere enne enne 2 Table Project BUE Summary io 10 Table 3 Pull Cost Project Budget oa dei AK Wi 11 Table 4 Decision matrix for Bluetooth I
27. am These three functions are called within a forever loop in the main function of the Bl Station program This allows the program to run indefinitely Each function is passed a pointer array deviceList of type deviceInfo Device info is a struct containing address and service channel information Seeks Client SLAVE Finds Client Requests Connection Sends Toggle Code Figure 15 Base Station Program Flow At the beginning of the forever loop the array device array is initialized to zero for the channel and cleared memory for the address character array Sdpbrowse updates the channel value with the channel obtained during the SDP service search If the Bl Gate service is not found the channel remains zero Rfconnect checks the channel value prior to attempting to connect to a device If the device channel is non zero it will connect to it otherwise that address will be ignored Both sdpbrowse and rfconnect utilize validAddress to check if the data in btaddr of a device is formatted correctly to be a Bluetooth IP address If it is not the array entry will be ignored Complete BluStation Code can be found in Appendix G Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 42 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 3 4 5 Functionality The Hardware functionality is evident in the Bluetooth RS232 interface The device can be plugged into a serial port and used to make wireless connections to Blueto
28. and whether the IC has the ability to run software without an external host CSR is the manufacturer of this IC and their support website provides a lot of helpful information 5 The site provides in depth datasheets application notes example circuit designs and much more Other ICs were also researched to compare to the BlueCore2 IC A decision matrix is shown in Table 1 The three Bluetooth modules selected are the BlueCore2 External the LMX9820A from National Semiconductor and the CXN1000 from Sony Table 4 Decision matrix for Bluetooth IC Device Package Features Availability Documentation Weighting 20 15 25 35 BlueCore2 External LMX9820A CXN1000 The first criterion in the decision matrix was the package which included the type size and pin configuration of the IC The weighting for this criterion received a 20 because a good package allowed the IC to be mounted easily to the circuit board The BlueCore2 External received a 5 because the package was very small with a 96 pin ball grid array configuration 6 The LMX9820A received a 2 5 because it was available in a package very similar to the BlueCore2 External but it had 116 pins 7 The CXN1000 received a 10 because it was available in a slightly larger package with 36 pins 8 The second criterion was the features included on the IC This criterion has a weighting of 15 because more features provided an easier design The BlueCore2 External re
29. ardware is rather large for the prototype and could be incorporated into a single board design in the future Such a design is included in our deliverables for this semester but a working model could be made However more memory both volatile and non volatile would have to be added to the included design if the base station would be responsible for databaseing The amounts would vary based upon the increase in code requirements As of the time of this writing the client program is programmed only for SymbianOS S60 1v0 cellular phones specifically the Nokia 3650 Future development of this system would need to port the program functionality to other operating systems Viable systems for this to be ported to would be other versions of the SymbianOS the PalmOS or WindowsCE These are the current major mobile platforms In addition the code could be ported to various proprietary operating systems however this would most likely require working with the phone manufacturers Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 45 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 5 Acknowledgements The following people and organizations have helped Silence is Golden with this design project Silence is Golden would like to thank everyone listed for helping to make this a successful project Chuck Holwerda for helping with PCB manufacturing and other areas of the project Jeremy Andrus a Calvin alumnus who gave tips and advice for the Coldfire pr
30. are The address bus from the processor is a single direction signal that the memory takes as an input The data bus is a bidirectional multiplexed bus The R W signal on the flash module is read write control for the data pins of the module The CSO signal is the chip select signal This allows the processor to specify which chip it is talking to The data output is enabled by the OE pin The flash memory is power with 3 3V The SDRAM holds the operating system while the base station is running so that it can be executed quickly The same address and data busses were used for the SDRAM as were used for the flash memory This is why they are called multiplexed busses The SDCAS and SDRAS signals indicate when a valid column and row address is present The SDUDOM signal indicates when the high bit has been written during a write cycle and SDLDQM indicates when the low bit has been written during a write cycle The SDWE signal is low for write enable and high for read enable The SDRAM CSI is the chip select for the SDRAM BCLK is the clock input for the SDRAM so that it can be synchronized with the processor The clock enable is BCLKE When this signal is low the memory will enter a self refresh mode The SDRAM is power with 3 3V Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 35 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 3 4 4 3 2 3 Power Supply and Oscillator The power supply circuits provide 3 3V and 1 8V for the components in the b
31. ase station This was done with simple three pin regulators and filter capacitors The components in this subsystem can be seen in Figure 11 u NC ELUNE Figure 11 Power Supply and Oscillator Components There is a power LED for each regulator to indicate that each of the regulators is functioning There are a few decoupling capacitors for noise reduction The reset circuit IC is U6 in Figure 11 This reset circuit monitors the 3 3V output and will hold the entire system in reset until the supply voltage is stable This circuit also allows for a manual reset to be connected to a button as shown in the figure The crystal oscillator denoted as X1 is an 11 2896MHz quartz crystal It was connected to an inverter U7 to drive a more stable signal 3 4 4 3 2 4 Bluetooth Module The Bluetooth module interface is less complex than the interface on the prototype The UART pins on the Bluetooth module could be connected directly to the UART pins on the processor This would bypass the need for an RS232 transceiver The Bluetooth interface circuit is shown in Figure 12 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 36 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 reser gt ATSUGPOJI a RXDUGPI2S iz CT TXD GP O20 Figure 12 Production Bluetooth Interface The pins were connected in the same way as the prototype This means that TX and RX on the Bluetooth module
32. available SDK s must be researched to ensure that the programming language used can be used on the cellular device 3 3 3 1 Cellular Device In order to use a mobile phone in the proposed system the phone had to meet a few important requirements Most importantly the phone had to have Bluetooth Technology in order for it to communicate with the base station Secondly a programming language that can be used to implement the client program must also be available on the phone There were several programming languages that could have been used to control the cell phone However the programming language chosen directly impacted the type of phone that could be used The Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 20 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 three programming language candidates were Java C and Python which is very similar to C The most promising language was Java because it was more familiar to the team than Python and it was believed it would provided the desired functionality to implement the client program Also since the program was to be optionally downloaded by a user then Java had an advantage over the other languages Java games and other programs can already be downloaded on Java enabled phones so downloading a Java programming to a Java Enabled phone was very feasible If the program was written in Java the phone being used must be Java enabled Java enabled phones are new so cost becomes an im
33. ay 16 2006 Table 10 Total current in battery powered prototype Transceiver suppl Voltage divider A typical 9V battery has an operating life of 8 hours at 60mA 24 This is not an acceptable operating time because the team specified in the project requirements that the base station should operate for at least two weeks with a single 9V battery if batteries were selected as the power source 3 4 3 Decisions This project required many design decisions for both the hardware and software sections In addition to the decisions for the design some decisions were made for the prototype to ease development In an effort to determine the best method of connection for the design a decision matrix was made to weigh the different options against the criteria see Table 11 The criteria were selected to reflect the most important aspects being sought in the connection method The amount of user interaction required was the most important factor The connection method should require the least amount of work on the part of the user Due to this the user interaction criterion was weighted at 60 percent The four other criteria were considered to be of equal weight because they could all be worked around if the other criteria prove to be strong In the decision matrix higher numbers demonstrate better performance Table 11 Connection Method Decision Matrix Device User Interaction Ho Connections Implementation complexity Speed Availabilit
34. ceived a 12 because it included the essential Bluetooth components and it allowed software to be executed without a host 6 An 11 was given to the LMX9820A because detailed information of the features was not found but it was advertised to include all the necessary Bluetooth components 7 The CXN1000 received a 14 because it had all the features of the BlueCore2 External but it also included a radio filter and voltage regulators onboard 8 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 13 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 The price of the IC was the third criterion This received a weighting of 5 because all the other factors were more important than the price The BlueCore2 External was available in quantities of five for 54 This price fit within the provided budget Therefore it received a 4 in the matrix The LMX9820A was available at about 35 each from Arrow Electronics This fit in the team s budget as well but is much more expensive than the BlueCore2 External so it received a 2 A price for the CXN1000 could not be found and therefore it was given a 0 The availability of the IC was also an important criterion in the decision matrix If the IC was not available then it couldn t be used so this criterion received a 25 The BlueCore2 External received a 23 because there was no lead time specified at the given price 4 There was a six week lead time at Arrow Electronics for the LMX9820A This was not a major probl
35. d an onboard processor and memory it was impossible to access these devices without the assistance of expensive equipment In order to use the BlueCore IC for prototyping and production more hardware would be needed This included a microprocessor flash Read Only Memory ROM and Random Access Memory RAM The major issue was finding components that were compatible with each other 3 3 2 2 1 Prototype To address the problem of prototyping a coldfire development board from a previous design team was investigated It was discovered that the development board could perform all the needed functionality to support the BlueCore IC Due to lack of funds and time the coldfire board was the only choice to use with prototyping so a decision matrix wasn t even constructed Another challenge presented was interfacing the BlueCore IC with the coldfire development board The BlueCore IC package came with a Universal Serial Bus USB development board that could be used with a USB port The USB development board was used with a computer and a laptop to simulate the base station software however the coldfire board did not have a USB port The interfacing mechanisms available on the coldfire board were a serial port a data bus and PC The BlueCore IC didn t have the ability to use PC so only the serial port and the data bus could have potentially been used A decision matrix was used to find out the best means of interfacing the BlueCore chip see Table
36. device is not detected for a second time the user s settings will be restored after two hours These devices are purchased by companies that wish to have minimum cell phone disturbances within a specified area As a user of this application you have the right to determine if you want the application running or not This document explains how to use the applications and what each command does Opening the Graphical User Interface GUI In order to start the GUI first you must open the applications menu on your cell phone Then scroll through the list of applications until you see the ds symbol Click on the options button and then select Open Status Setting The status is the setting that allows you to choose if you want to allow a Bl Gate device to automatically change your phone to silent or vibrate mode There are two options for this setting Running and Stopped If it is set to Running then a Bl Gate device will be able to automatically change your settings if you pass by If it is stopped your settings will not be changed To change this setting select the options button Then scroll through the choices until you have Toggle Status selected Next press the Ok button This should change the setting and you should immediately see the change on the screen If the status was Running and a Bl Gate station had changed the phone settings then the previous settings will be restored upon toggling status Mode Setting The mode is
37. ding the use of the serial port In addition UART and RS232 are standardized so it got a 25 There was some documentation in the coldfire manual on the data bus but online documentation was a little confusing The data bus received a 10 A picture of what the prototype might look like is shown in Figure 2 The attachment on the left of the figure is the BlueCore IC interface plug into the serial port es oe TT Figure 2 Desired Coldfire and BlueCore IC Prototype 3 3 2 2 2 Production Model Although funding permitted the full implementation of a base station it was still important to create a model with parts that could function together The most important component to find was a microprocessor and a decision matrix was created see Table 6 The microprocessor is responsible for controlling everything in the integrated system Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 18 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 Table 6 Decision Matrix for Microprocessor Microprocessor PART Price Ease of Integration Compatibility Speed Documentation Total 20 10 40 10 20 100 MCF5249LPV140 18 10 40 5 15 88 NG80960JT 100 15 8 20 3 20 66 MCF5249LPV120 20 8 35 5 15 83 MCF5470ZP200 12 10 35 10 15 82 According to the decision matrix the MCF5249LPV140 microprocessor was chosen for the production design Interestingly this was the ColdFire processor that was on the developmen
38. e 470k ohm resistor 13 1 Ut A7 ENG EB100 HCI SMT Bluetooth module 14 1 U2 MAX3233 RS232 Transceiver 15 1 X1 Newark DE9P FRS Male right angle DB9 through hole connector Table 13 shows the bill of materials for the production model This includes all of the parts and prices that would be needed to construct a base station Table 13 BOM for Production Model Production Model Item Qty Reference Part Description Price 1 11 C1 C2 C3 C4 C13 C14 0 1uF 25V SMT decoupling Capacitor C15 C16 C38 C39 C40 0 0360 2 9 C5 C6 C7 C8 C17 C18 1nF 50V SMT decoupling Capacitor C19 C20 C37 C41 C42 0 0090 3 8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C21 C22 470pF 50V SMT decoupling Capacitor C23 C24 0 0190 4 1 C25 1500pF SMT capacitor 0 0101 5 2 C26 C27 22pF 50V SMT capacitor 0 0070 6 3 C28 C29 C30 4 7uF SMT capacitor 0 0400 7 2 D1 D2 Kingbright W17A2GT Green through hole LED 0 1000 8 2 D3 D4 Kingbright W17A2YT Yellow through hole LED 0 1000 9 11 F1 Multicomp MCHTE 15M Fuse 1 5892 10 1 P1 Newark 39870 0702 2 pin molex connector 0 2120 11 1 P2 Mouser 142 0701 801 Edge mount SMA connector 2 3400 12 10 RP1 RP2 RP3 RP4 RP5 Philips ARC241 47R 4x 47 ohm SMT resistor pack RP6 RP7 RP8 RP9 RP10 0 0190 131 1 RP11 Philips ARC241 4K7 4x 4 7k ohm SMT resistor pack 0 0190 14 1 lR1 SMT 1M ohm resistor 0 0024 15 3 R2 R4 R5 SMT 160 ohm resistor 0 0024 161 1 R3 SMT 10 ohm resistor 0 0024 171 1 R6 SMT 4 7k ohm resisto
39. ed after the PCB from PCB Express was ordered so a board was made on campus to connect to the board from PCB Express The PCB layout in Figure 7 above is what the next PCB order might look like for future work on the project 3 4 4 3 2 Production Model Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 32 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 The Production model was designed so that the team would have an initial design if mass production of the base station were to be considered In Figure 8 the major components of the production design can be seen MCF5249 Processor Oscillator Bluetooth Module Data Addr 31 16 24 1 T Figure 8 Production Block Diagram The base station is similar to a small computer There is a CPU Flash memory which is like a hard drive RAM a power supply and an oscillator The base station also has a Bluetooth module A more detailed system diagram can be found in appendix D This diagram has all the signals labeled and denotes which subsystem they belong to The directions of these signals are also shown in the diagram 3 4 4 3 2 1 CPU The MCF5249 Coldfire V2 was the selected processor for the production base station The pins on the processor that were used can be seen in Figure 9 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 33 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 anye ame gt SORAM CEST 5 cm SORAS PS GOA gt
40. em because if the decision were made to purchase this device the module would still arrive in time to implement However if something went wrong and another LMX9820A needed to be purchased later the lead time could have presented a problem with the May deadline For these reasons the LMX9820A received a 10 for this criterion Since no price was found for the CXN1000 the IC did not seem to be available in the US so it was given a 0 The last and most important criterion was the documentation provided with the IC This criterion received a 35 because the documentation provides the team with the information needed to design using the particular IC The BlueCore2 proved to be the best choice on documentation because the datasheets that were provided clearly outlined four modes of operation that pertain to software One mode allows software to be run entirely onboard without the need for an external host This means that the BlueCore IC can operate as a processor to execute the client program written by Team 6 6 The BlueCore2 External s manufacturer provided vast amounts of information for its products but there was little information found that describes the software execution of the IC These reasons gave the BlueCore2 External a 30 for documentation National Semiconductor did not give a free detailed data sheet for the LMX9820A but it looked like more information was available to members of the Simply Blue development page Since there is probably a
41. en is a team project that is part of a year long engineering capstone course at Calvin College The purpose of the course is to gather everything learned in a student s college career and integrate them into a project that will simulate an industrial experience The senior engineering class was divided into teams of four or five people to work on a project of their choosing While this course is a little more open ended than most courses at Calvin it still requires about a dozen deliverables to make sure each team stays on track Each team was assigned an industrial consultant for analyzing the team s design work These consultants have an engineering background but are not currently affiliated with Calvin College Consultants provide teams with an outside perspective on how the team is progressing Silence is Golden was assigned Tim Theriault from Smiths Aerospace The team met with him twice over the two semesters He was able to provide advice on topics that were a priority to the team at that point in time as well as point out a few things that should be thought about later in the semester Each team was also assigned a professor as an advisor manager for their project Silence is Golden s advisor is Steven VanderLeest The design team communicates with Professor VanderLeest through weekly status reports meetings and various other deliverables Silence is Golden also has organization within itself Over the first semester the organization was a li
42. gh would trigger the client to save the current ring tone settings and deactivate the ringer The second pass through would cause the client to return the ring tone settings to their previous state Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 1 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 1 Introduction In modern society the prevalence of mobile devices is increasing almost daily Personal Data Assistants are used by many to help keep busy schedules organized cellular phones are almost a necessity and newer smart phones combine the functionality of both These devices travel with their users wherever they go and often find themselves in places where an alert tone would be inappropriate such as in a movie theater Advances in mobile devices have also fueled advances in mobile communications The development of Bluetooth technology a secure short ranged wireless communications protocol provides for the first time a viable method of communication with these mobile devices This technology is also the keystone of the Bl Gate product 1 1 Acronyms and Definitions Table 1 Table of Acronyms and Definitions TERM DEFINITION ActiveScheduler SymbianOS method of performing asynchronous actions Application Framework Basic structure of a program usually OS specific BGA Ball Grid Array Bl Gate Both the product system and the client GUI Bl GateServer Client process running in background Bl Statio
43. h several cell phone vendors to discuss how the settings on the phone can be saved and how the phone can will run the client program This advice turned out to be very valuable Very few phones would allow third parties to access the lower functionality of their phones like ring settings One of the few phones that would allow access to the ring functionality was the Nokia 3650 The Nokia 3650 ran on the Symbian Operating System OS which was well documented online The Symbain Operating System also allowed for a free downloadable development environment The Nokia 3650 also had Bluetooth Technology and supported the C programming language Table 9 shows a design matrix that assisted in deciding the mobile phone Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 21 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 Table 9 Decision Matrix for Mobile Phone Mobile Phone Programming Bluetooth Method Feature PART Language Memory Enabled of Transfer Access 10 5 40 5 30 Nokia 3650 10 40 3 25 Motorola MPx220 8 40 5 5 Motorola RAZR V3 2 8 40 4 5 Nokia 3660 4 10 40 3 25 These cell phones had to be compatible with a Software Development Kit SDK SDK s will be discussed in the next section 3 3 3 2 SDK Research Researching and deciding on a Software Development Kit SDK was directly dependent on the type of cell phone that was used A lot of SDKs are designed specifically for one cell phone mode
44. hen the battery voltage drops below 5V This allows the red LED to be on for a little while before the circuit shuts down due to low battery voltage The 3 3V regulator IC1 can operate down to just over 3 3V input The voltage divider R1 and R2 was configured to provide 3 3V to the negative input of the op amp when the battery voltage is equal to 5V When the battery voltage drops below 5V the voltage divider will provide a voltage less than 3 3V This will cause the op amp comparator to output the same voltage that is currently coming from the battery Resistor R3 was chosen to cause transistor Q1 to be saturated when the op amp is outputting high voltage The transistor in saturation has a near zero voltage drop from collector to emitter Resistor R4 was selected to limit the current through the LED to 10mA so that the LED will function properly This circuit was not be used because too much power is required for the components used in the final circuit A battery would not last long enough to be a practical power source for the prototype See section 3 4 2 2 3 4 2 2 Hand Analysis The power requirements for the prototype circuit did not allow for sufficient battery life to make battery power a good choice The total current for the prototype circuit powered by the battery circuit was about 60mA Table 10 below shows how the total current was calculated Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 24 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report M
45. hich is illegal Because of this Cell Block Technologies is concentrating their efforts outside of the United States in places where the technology is not considered illegal This device is not available to small volume retail customers Their primary market consists of prisons religious institutions and foreign embassies 1 BlueLinx a North Carolina based corporation is also developing a way to silence cellular phones in a confined area 2 They do this through the use of Q Zone technology Q Zone technology consists of a small device that communicates to cellular phones in a predetermined area through a Bluetooth Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 13 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 connection Since Bluetooth is not on most cellular phones in use today the device is not commercially available and only the general concepts are released to the public The technology has two parts the base station and the software on the phone The base station sends out a Bluetooth signal to all Bluetooth enabled devices in its range The range is not strictly specified but they claim to be able to cover sizes from small conference rooms to a multiple screen movie theatre This area is called the Quiet Zone When a Bluetooth device enters this zone the Q Zone device initiates a brief communication with the Bluetooth device telling it to be quiet The Bluetooth device will then shift to quiet mode based on the type of device
46. hone it is reasonable to assume that the flux of people passing through the area in a typical movie theater assumed here to be approximately thirty people per minute would not overwhelm the system The Bl Gate client program allows for automatic connection via Bluetooth to a Bl Gate base station if the current status is Running When toggle code is received from the base station the profile of the phone will be changed based on the mode setting The program has the ability to save the users settings before being toggled and restoring them upon a second pass by a base station It also has the ability to start itself when the phone is turned on it will load approximately 30 seconds after the phone has booted The Bl Gate client program also has a graphical user interface that displays the active state of the phone the current status and the current mode In this GUI the user can change the settings of the phone The status can be switched to Running or Stopped and the mode can be changed to Silent or Vibrate Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 43 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 4 Conclusion 4 1 Lessons Learned As in most projects it is difficult to predict many issues and problems that can arise In Team 6 s case a major problem was overestimations of part functionality It was assumed that the BlueCore2 External development kit would provide all of the needed functionality to construct a base
47. ing circuitry was the RAM The RAM allows for fast access to the base station program A decision matrix is shown in Table 8 Table 8 Decision Matrix for RAM SDRAM Ease of Lead PART Price Integration Size Speed Documentation Free Total 30 25 15 15 15 Yes z 1 100 MT48LC4M16A2P 75 G TR 30 25 12 15 13 1 96 MT48LC4M16A2TG 75 G TR 30 25 12 15 13 0 95 MT48LC8M16A2P 75 G TR 20 25 15 15 13 1 89 MT48LC8M16A2TG 75 G TR 20 25 15 15 13 0 88 Similar to the flash ROM the price was the most important criterion Ease of integration was also important but all four parts could be easily integrated with the other components Two devices actually tied so the deciding factor was the fact that the MT48LC4M16A2P 75 G TR RAM was lead free Lead can pose it poses toxic effects to the environment as well as be a harmful poison to human beings 7 Therefore it was ethically appropriate to choose the lead free device 3 3 3 Mobile Phone The client program will run on a mobile phone Therefore in order to properly prototype the client program a compatible mobile phone must be found The mobile phone research was focused in two areas cellular device and software development kit The cellular device must be researched to determine if it can connect the base station and if it has the capabilities of running the chosen program This also means it must be compatible with the chosen programming language Secondly
48. l Therefore it was important to know what type of cell phone as well as the SDK that was to be used in prototyping In the case of the Python mobile phones the most promising SDK was the Python Series 60 SDK 13 Only Nokia series 60 phones can be used with this SDK 14 The SDK could provide all the functionality that was needed as long as the phone was a series 60 The Python Series 60 SDK is also free so that eliminates an item that would have to be purchased In the case of C the Symbian OS C SDK was to be the software development kit Like the Python Series 60 SDK the Symbian OS C SDK can provide all the functionality needed for the program The SDK that would have been used with a Java phone would have been the Java 2 Standard Edition J2SE 15 Java 2 Platform Micro Edition J2ME can be used to provide the environment to run J2SE on the cell phone J2ME was designed to work on cell phones plus other packages could have been downloaded to implement new technologies like Bluetooth 16 J2ME and J2SE are both free to download As stated before the chosen phone would directly impact which SDK could be used Since the Nokia 3650 was determined as the best phone for prototyping the Symbian OS C SDK was chosen by default 3 4 Design Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 22 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 3 4 1 Design Considerations and Criteria When creating any product there are many facet
49. l provide the option for silent or vibrate mode 7 The client program shall be available as a stand alone program 8 Theclient program shall be protected against unauthorized modification 9 The client program shall be responsible for comparing its current status with a base station signal and determining the appropriate course of action Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 5 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 10 11 A mobile phone that does not leave a base station s range will still be silenced and restored properly The phone shall not recognize the difference between different base stations at different entrances exits Therefore the client shall be activated and deactivated properly by any base station connection 12 The user shall be able to manually restore their ring settings at any time in case the settings fail to restore automatically 13 The user shall also be able to disable and re enable the client program if they desire Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 6 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 3 Proposed Solution 3 1 Project Management The design team has two ways of managing the project The college course that this design is associated with keeps the project moving in the right direction and on the right pace Within the team tasks have been divided among the members as the project progresses along a schedule 3 1 1 Team Organization Silence is Gold
50. ld decide when it was best for them to get together It was found that working side by side with another member yielded more efficiency than if everyone were to work on their own This was because it allowed members to ask questions amongst themselves and get answers right away instead of waiting for an answer in an e mail or seeing another team member the next day At least once a week the entire team would arrange a meeting in which the two groups would discuss what they had done that week and what they planned on working on the following week This allowed both groups to know what the others were working on and when to expect certain aspects of the design to be finished This time was also used to send a weekly status report to our team s advisor Team conflicts have also been encountered as the design process has progressed On many occasions team members have had different ideas on how a certain aspect of the system will work As conflicts such as these arrive the team sits down and discusses the matters at hand Design decisions are discussed until all team members agree 3 1 2 Work Breakdown Structure In the middle of our first semester of this course each team was asked to come up with list of tasks that would need to be completed for the design and estimate the number of hours it would take to complete the tasks At that point in time it was unclear as to the exact tasks that would need to be completed However the team came up with a
51. list that was reasonable for what was known about the design at the time It was decided to budget a generous amount of hours for most tasks just in case some tasks took longer than expected Some design decisions were made during the second semester that made some of the tasks obsolete as well as adding new tasks At the same time that weekly status reports were sent the team would update the task list to show where the hours for that week were spent The completed task list can be seen in Appendix A There are a couple of things that can be noted about the completed task list First of all it becomes apparent that the team was not thought of some of the tasks that would be needed The most noticeable is the section that was added for the base station software This was budgeted zero hours because it was not thought of when the list was first generated Also the coding in general was under budgeted as the team worked on the coding for over 300 hours and it was only budgeted 100 hours and that was just for the client program The individual testing was also under budgeted but the team allotted extra hours for full Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 8 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 system testing This is because it ended up taking longer to get the individual parts working and there was not much time to spend on full system testing Overall the team had budgeted about 1400 hours between four people for two seme
52. n Derek Joos Trevor Clifton and Charles Knutson Rapid Heterogeneous Connection Establishment Brigham Young University http faculty cs byu edu knutson publications IrDA Assisted BT Discovery pdf 9 December 2005 HSW Media Network Howstuffworks http electronics howstuffworks com Bluetooth htm 9 December 2005 Karty Steve Bluetooth Personal Area Network Technology Office of the Manager National Communications System Techinical Notes 7 no 3 2000 http www ncs gov library tech_notes tn_vol7n3 pdf 9 December 2005 Levine Bernard Why Go Lead Free Priority Press Edition No 7 Environmental and Occupational Risk Management September 2003 http www eorm com ezine pp7 leadfree asp Freescale Semiconductor M3249C3 Product Summary Page http www freescale com webapp sps site prod_summary jsp code M5249C3 amp parentCode MCF5249 amp nodeld 0162468rH3 Y TLC00M93094 May 11 2006 Cambridge Silicon Radio CSR store Development tools www csr com store category php catID 28 May 11 2006 Cambridge Silicon Radio BlueCore2 External Product Data Sheet CSR Support P 32 http www csrsupport com download 83 BlueCore2 External 20Data 20Sheet 20BC212015 ds 001Pi pdf August 2004 Energizer Energizer 522 Product Datasheet http data energizer com PDFs 522 pdf May 11 2006 Bluetooth SIG Bluetooth Basics http www bluetooth com Bluetooth Learn Basics May 16 2006 Senior Design 2
53. n Base station program BOM Bill of Materials CAD Computer Aided Design C Object oriented programming language DB9 Nine pin serial connector HCI Host Controller Interface IC Integrated Circuit VO Input Output IR Infra Red PCB Printed Circuit Board Piconet Localized Bluetooth network RAM Random Access Memory RF Radio Freguenc RFCOMM Radio Freguency COMMunication ROM Read Only Memory RS232 Serial data communications protocol SDK Software Development Kit Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 2 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 SymbianOS Mobile device operating system UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter USB Universal Serial Bus Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 3 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 2 Problem Specification This section lays out the problem to be solved as well as the requirements that need to be met to effectively solve the problem 2 1 Description of Challenge The challenge is to design a process to automatically change a cell phone s ring settings using a Bluetooth wireless connection The process shall include two parts a base station and client program The base station shall be responsible for continuously scanning an area for phones with Bluetooth technology When a connection is first made with a mobile phone the client program shall save the phones current settings and turn it to vibrate m
54. n Running K Toggle Status Wait for Command Toggle Mode between Vibrate and Stopped Ni iE e e SEI and Silent DON WA O N N 4 N E ToggleProfile Stop BluGate Update Screen Clean up allocated memory Figure 14 BluGate basic program flow When the BluGate application is started the first action is to create the application framework This is Symbian s way of making it a little bit easier for developers of Symbian applications The main thing to note about this framework is that it has a built in ActiveScheduler to handle asynchronous actions After the framework is created the program draws the graphics of the application It checks to see if it was opened by the server and if it was then the profile is toggled If not it will continue to draw the rest of the graphics The application stores the settings Status Mode and Active settings in its own private file and references them when the application is started This allows the application to know the current status of the overall BluGate program as well as save settings between phone power cycles During the start of the program the watcher is also started This is a custom class object that is used to detect if BluGateServer receives a valid connection while the application is running After the GUI is drawn and settings are shown the application waits for a command From the menu the user currently has 3 options Toggle Status Toggle Mode and Exi
55. ne was purchased used and without a plan on eBay for 80 00 which is significantly less than the retail price Two RS232 transceivers were purchased at 8 80 apiece Due to the late recognition of their necessity an overnight shipping charge of 30 was also added to the cost of these modules bringing the total to 47 The Coldfire development kit that was used free of charge also helped keep the project under the budget On the manufacturer s website the price of this kit is listed as 649 10 21 Calvin College has Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 10 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 limited PCB manufacturing capabilities on campus that is free for the students to use The amount of PCBs that were made in house by the team would have cost about 400 if ordered from PCB express Without these major donations and sponsorships the budget for the team would have had to be considerably higher In Table 3 below a full cost budget summary for the entire project including the prototype is shown Table 3 Full Cost Project Budget 3 3V regulator samples National Semiconductor 10 15 NOKIA 3650 PHONE Bluetooth Development Kit SMA antenna connector PCB connector Bluetooth Dongle Adapter Serial Adapter PCB connector SMA antenna connector Right angled Serial Adapter LEDS Various film resistors Newark Other RS232 Transceiver Digikey 1 Oa AND gates Digikey 4 7 uf Capacitors Mouser PCBs
56. o initially specified to be written in the Java programming language The Bluetooth chip that was selected had a virtual machine built in and processing capabilities However the breakout board that was chosen the EB100 form A7 Engineering did not allow access to this functionality of the CSR BlueCore chip off of which it was based Due to this it was necessary to have a host processor It was decided to use embedded with this processor for three reasons 1 Linux is free 2 Linux is well known and documentation help exists 3 Linux has several Bluetooth software stacks available The stack chosen was BlueZ upon the suggestion of Bryan Hall from A7 Engineering When searching for a Bluetooth chip it was discovered that they are normally only available from the manufacturer in BGA packages usually measuring less than a centimeter square The capacity for soldering such packages does not currently exist at Calvin College so it became necessary to find a breakout board After searching for sockets and breakout boards the EB 100 from A7 Engineering was found This board provided the functionality of the Bluetooth chip in a more easily solderable package However as discussed previously some issues did exist regarding communication and documentation with A7 Engineering as to what functionality was accessible Despite this lack of documentation it was decided to proceed with the use of this board due to time constraints and the apparent lack of other
57. o sute dpud dsby ko ei ip duc Pe Sense RA 17 3 3 2 2 2 Production Models idee n e edet ineo qu i de eden 18 3 3 3 MODE Phone ion nay al du utet tasers 20 2 3 9 1 A O aS 20 31909 VARESE ALC Dessert a dfi cott mete dua satel ota cubus aeo iu uns 22 34 DER 22 3 4 1 Design Considerations and Criteria ii e eec sh aci ein 23 3 4 2 Design Alternatives and Analysis 4 es etieii cuin dida ideada 23 3 4 3 DGCISIONS MM 25 3 4 4 ImpleinentatloTi sved 28 3 4 5 A cicer ea dee 43 MES UIDI 4 1 Lessons Leeds 44 42 Fut re Work iue tite uer trente de tete itu aai mini sidste 44 5 ACKHO WlEd ge ment nic iiO 6 Bibliograph ys iia UE 7 Appendices usanne ean d Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 A e s sss A 1 DB SCHOO Os usce Oti idee ea etin poete Kaisi B 1 C Final Prototype Schematic e eee eere ee eee reete eee ee een C 1 D Production Design ninia etico D 1 E Client Program Flow sssseseeeeeeeeee E 1 F Software Documentation sssesssssseseeee F 1 G Full Client and Base Station Code ees G 1 H Client User Manual sssssesssseseeeeeeee H 1 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering Team 6 Bl gate Fin
58. ocessor Professor Randall Brouwer for giving advice and answering questions relating to the project Professor Steven VanderLeest for being the team s advisor and giving suggestions and hints when the team hit some road blocks Team 10 for giving advice and help with Linux and Bluetooth PCB Express for giving the team 350 worth of their services as a student sponsorship program Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 46 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 6 Bibliography 1 Cell Block Technologies Inc Cell Phone Security Systems Non Jamming Cell Phone Silencer To Prevent Incoming Calls http www cell block r com 9 December 2005 2 BlueLinx Inc BLU E LIN X Inc http www bluelinx com index html 9 December 2005 3 Slettengren Sven K and Alex K Raith Politeness zones for wireless communication devices United States Patent 6 898 445 United States Patent and Trademark Office http patft uspto gov netacgi nph Parser Sect1 PTO1 amp Sect2 HITOFF amp d PALL amp p 1 amp u netahtml srchnum htm amp r 1 amp f G amp 1 50 amp s 1 6 898 445 WKU amp OS PN 6 898 445 amp RS PN 6 898 445 9 December 2005 4 BTDesigner Online Store BlueCore ICs http www mangocommerce com btdesigner bluecore2extics cfm 9 December 2005 5 Cambridge Silicon Radio CSR Support http www csrsupport com 9 December 2005 6 Cambridge Silicon Radio BlueCore2 External Product Data Sheet CSR Support http
59. ode When a mobile phone passes past the base station a second time the client program shall restore the previous phone settings 2 2 Project Requirements This section lists the requirements for both the base station and the client program Each list is laid out arbitrarily 2 2 1 Base Station The base station was broken up into two separate requirements There are requirements for the base hardware and there are requirements for the base software 2 2 1 1 Base Station Hardware 1 Base station shall affect a minimum range of a 5 foot radius and no more than 33 feet 2 The base station hardware shall be capable of communication via a Bluetooth connection 3 The base production design of the enclosure height depth and width shall be limited to 4 x 4x2 4 The base station weight shall be limited to 11b 5 The cost of the production design shall be no more than 100 6 The wattage of the power supply shall be limited to 10 watts for the prototype and two watts for the production design 7 The voltage output from the power supply shall be limited to five volts 8 The base station shall be meet temperature requirements of ICs 9 The base station shall operate within a specified temperature range of 0 C to 50 C Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 4 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 10 11 12 13 14 The base station shall have a power Light Emitting Diode LED The base stati
60. ogeanq awen ysel B 2 ineering Calvin College Eng Senior Design 2006 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 C Final Prototype Schematic Team 6 ros Fa E m s e s a Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering Team 6 C 1 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 D Production Design BELKE ap Memory sono SDUDOM PSU Osc RXDVGAGB Bluetooth Module nESET TXD1G 023 RTS1GPOM RXDVGPIZA CTS GPIa1 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering D 1 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 E Client Program Flow Settings Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering E 1 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 F Software Documentation Available at XATeamAiCode Documentation Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering Fl Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 G Full Client and Base Station Code Available at X Team6 Code Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering G 1 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 H Client User Manual 2 Bl Gate Application User s Manual Bl Gate is an application for the SymbianOS that allows a Bl Gate device to automatically turn your cellular phone to vibrate or silent profile Upon detecting a device again the user s settings will be resorted If a
61. on shall meet all FCC requirements for such a device A base station unit shall not disrupt operation of another base unit if they are located within range of one another The base station shall be capable of withstanding the transient effects of a normal power outages if not battery operated If the device is power by batteries the batteries shall last at least one week before needing to be changed 2 2 1 2 Base Station Software 1 2 3 The base station software shall be capable of communication via a Bluetooth connection The base station software shall be capable of connecting to 7 clients simultaneously This is the maximum number of slaves a host can support in a piconet 18 The base station software shall have the ability to be customized in production but it shall not be accessible to the user 2 2 2 Client Program 1 The client program shall take up no more than I Mb space in memory based on the typical free space available on most cellular phones 2 Theclient program shall be capable of storing ring tone settings prior to encountering a base station 3 The program shall be capable of restoring the stored ring tone settings when leaving past a base station 4 Theclient program shall automatically accept the Bluetooth connection from a base station as a trusted device 5 Theclient program shall have the ability to be customized in production but it shall not be accessible to the user 6 Theclient program shal
62. onality This is what can be opened directly from the Applications window BluGateServer was an executable for the phone This could not be opened directly but rather is started by the application or started on boot This program ran as a background process and took care of the Bluetooth connection for the phone The following sections will provide a brief description of the code but for more detailed documentation see Appendix F and the full code can be found in Appendix G 3 4 4 5 1 Bl GateServer As mentioned above this was a program designed to run in the background of the phone This means that it would do all its work without outputting anything to the screen unless certain conditions were met A basic program flow can be seen in Figure 13 Start BluGateServer Create CleanUp Stack Create ActiveScheduler Start Main Function 1 Shut Down Start Listening Yes No Clean up Start Advertising allocated memory T J NI b 4 VA gt WA T Start VA ActiveScheduler VA WA 1 B pl Wa Em ill gt 7 WaitFor V WA b Connection d M Ww E di J Pr I p un x n Y 1 Ww Connected Close VA Receive Command Connection WA VA di Aa T Ww PN gt lt Stop ActiveScheduler d b Handle Command Start Timer b Wait for Timer to Check for running Stop Listening Fini
63. onents Figure 5 shows the Bluetooth module with surrounding circuitry Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 29 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 2 Jer P4 E SMA EDGE MOUNT C6 s T x 220n6 5 FIO 12 p PIO 13 22k RESET E SPI MISO 1013 zc E S 9 SPI C B 10 d 2l RO z T Pine arat ae LED_YEL SF ILMONI PIO 3 3V X UART CTS GND UART TX UART RTS UART RX 3 3V GND EB100 HCI_2 Figure 5 Bluetooth module and surrounding circuitry All of the ground pins 1 3 17 32 and 34 have been grounded Pin 2 is not supposed to be connected to anything Pins 4 and 5 are used for analog input output but these were not needed for this project The reset pin 6 is connected to an RC circuit This circuit holds the Bluetooth module in reset for 5ms while the power supply is reaching its target output voltage This is needed because the memory on the module needs 3 3V and the microprocessor needs 1 8V If the microprocessor receives 1 8V before the memory has 3 3V then the microprocessor will try to fetch data from the memory before the memory is ready Pins 7 through 10 are used to program the onboard memory during the manufacturing of the Bluetooth module The team did not use these pins for the project The UART interface pins 11 through 14 were connected to the RS232 transceiver which will be explained more in sections 3 4 4 3 1 2 and 3 4 4 3 1 3 The Bluetooth module CT
64. options Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 27 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 The new requirement of a host processor for the base station due to the use of the A7 Engineering board was not received until later in the second semester At this time Professor Steven VanderLeest suggested the use of the Motorola ColdFire processor as a development kit was readily available for use Further research showed that this processor would indeed fulfill the functionality of a host processor and the design proceeded with this processor 3 4 4lmplementation 3 4 4 1 Detailed Engineering Drawings 3 4 4 2 Assembly Drawings 3 4 4 3 Circuit Diagrams Circuit diagrams were made to help design and make the circuits for the project Eagle Layout Editor was used to make the schematics for the base station prototype This tool allows for custom parts to be easily made and used in the schematic The schematic for the production design was made using Microsoft Visio The final prototype schematic is shown in Appendix C 3 4 4 3 1 Prototype The Prototype circuit consisted of three major parts The power supply Bluetooth interface and RS232 transceiver were all designed separately then connected together in a single schematic Some of the prototype PCB production was outsourced to PCB Express and some of the PCB production was done with the available on campus facilities All of the PCBs were populated by the team 3 4 4 3
65. ot making much progress over interim there was quite a bit left to accomplish in the fall semester First of all the team had to make up for all the things that did not get done in the interim Not only that but early in the fall semester it was found out that the onboard processor of the Bluetooth module that we were using would not be accessible and that a separate processor and surrounding circuitry would be needed for the project By this point the team was way off the projected schedule Also the time it took to write the code for the project was underestimated However the testing and coding were integrated more than was thought Instead of writing the whole program and then testing it it was decided to write pieces of the code at a time and testing the functionality of the code as we added it The prototype hardware was designed to be integrated with the Coldfire development board that was used by a previous senior design team This process yielded several different PCBs to make it compatible And finally at the end of the semester the team put together the working pieces of hardware and software to be able to show a prototype of or design The design is not complete but we were able to Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 9 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 communicate between the cell phone and a laptop by using the Bluetooth circuit we designed The final week was spent generating final documentation for
66. oth devices This is important because the production design depends upon the BlueCore IC being used serially The Bluetooth RS232 interface proves that using a serial connection is feasible The interface is equipped with three LED s One of the LED s is used to show power the other two LED s are used to show data transfers The interface however must be powered from an outside source A 2 pin molex or 12 volt power connector is provided on the board to supply the voltage needed The last major piece of the Bluetooth RS232 interface is the voltage transceiver The voltage transceiver changes the voltage between the RS232 plug and the Bluetooth module These to devices operate at different voltage levels so communication would be impossible without the voltage transceiver The other main piece of hardware was the base station production model It however exists in theory and was constructed based on research and team knowledge Therefore there is no real functionality to this device yet The Bl Gate base station has an operational radius of approximately thirty feet in unobstructed areas This allows enough time for the base station code to inquire for Bluetooth addresses scan the addresses for the Bl Gate client connect to each one and send the toggle code The system has only been tested with a single mobile device Nokia 3650 due to the lack of multiple available compatible mobile devices However given the time taken for the single p
67. ounted sma antenna 3 4 4 3 1 3 RS232 Transceiver The RS232 Transceiver was needed because the UART outputs from the Bluetooth module are 3 3V TTL signals This means that the signals are asserted either 3 3V or OV to transmit data The RS232 standard uses 5V to 5V signals The 5V corresponds to the 3 3V TTL from the module and 5V corresponds to OV TTL from the module The RS232 transceiver converts the voltages so that these two devices can communicate with each other The prototype connects to the host computer with a DB9 serial port This is a common 9 pin connector available on most computers The RS232 Transceiver is shown in Figure 6 R20UT R2IN INVALID T20UT T2IN TAIN V FORCEON C2 R1OUT T1OUT RIN VCC FORCEOFF Figure 6 RS232 Transceiver The pins of the transceiver were connected as described in section 3 4 4 3 1 2 Pin 1 R2OUT was connected to the CTS pin of the Bluetooth module Pin 2 INVALID is an active low output and will output high if a valid RS232 signal is present on a receiver Pin 2 was not used in this project Pins 3 and 4 were connected to the TX and RTS pins respectively on the Bluetooth module Pin 5 can be driven high to force the receivers and transmitters to be active but it was not used for this project Pin 6 was connected to the RX pin on the Bluetooth module Pins 7 and 8 were connected to the CTS and TX respectively on the host processor Pin 9 is VCC for the transceiver and was connected
68. portant factor Also it was found out that Java did not provide easy low level access to phone settings A less powerful alternative was C C is not a native programming language for a large number of phones that are on the market today but is limited to smart phones Also unlike Java C provided low level access to phone settings C was the most familiar programming language to the design team so it would require a minimal learning process Another programming language that is based of C was python Python was unfamiliar and would require extra time to learn the programming language Like C though Python would not require a Java enabled phone Bluetooth technology the type of programming language and cost were the most critical requirements when purchasing a cellular phone for testing but there were other properties that were researched as well The amount of free memory available on the phone had to be considered even though most phones provided plenty of memory for storage The method of transferring the program to the phone was also an issue Most phones like the Java enabled phones can transfer programs and information via a Universal Serial Bus USB cable Finally the program interaction with the phone was considered It was important that the functionality of the phone namely the ring settings could be accessed After meeting with our consultant Tim Theriault from Smiths Aerospace it was determined that we should meet wit
69. project which was an affordable development kit that included the Bluetooth ICs on a solder able breakout The alternate connection methods would have been too expensive for the team to test and simulate The Bluetooth connection method was decided based on decision matrices in section 3 4 3 Based on the preliminary Bluetooth research there were no reasonable alternatives to the A7 Engineering breakout board However alternatives were considered for other components of the prototype The power supply for the prototype was originally designed to be battery powered To stay within the project budget the team placed cost at higher priority than power efficiency 3 4 2 1 Testing The battery power supply is shown in Figure 3 below This circuit contained a low battery indicator LED The team decided that the base station required a low battery indicator so that the user would know when the battery needed to be changed Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 23 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 LD1 160 PL006 WCR12 2N2222 Figure 3 Battery Power Supply Circuit This circuit contains a simple comparator to monitor the battery power and turn on the LED when the battery voltage drops below a certain value The op amp is powered by the unregulated battery voltage The green LED D4 is the power LED that indicates when power is supplied to the base station The red LED is the low battery LED It turns on w
70. r 0 0024 18 1181 C amp K KS11R23CQD Red Switch 0 5733 19 1 U1 Motorola MCF249LPV 140 ColdFire V2 CPU 140 MHz 10 3000 20 1 U2 AT49BV160C 70TI Flash memor 1 7100 21 1 U3 Micron MT48LC4M16A2P 75 G TR DRAM 3 0320 22 1 U4 National LP2950CDT 3 3 SMT 3 3V regulator 0 4250 23 1 U5 Linear LT3020 1 8 SMT 1 8V regulator 1 7900 24 1 U6 Maxim MAX6412 Reset controller 0 9100 25 1JU7 National NC7SZUO4 Inverter driving oscillator circuit 0 0750 26 1 U8 EB100 HCI SMT Bluetooth Module 20 0000 271 1X1 HC49US case 11 2896MHz quartz crystal 0 6640 Part TOTAL 45 0172 20 sq in Printed Circuit Board Pq 9 1000 Base Station Total 54 12 3 4 4 5 Code During the first semester an initial program flow for the software was developed see Appendix E However this was designed without much knowledge of how the cellular phone ran programs as well as how Bluetooth devices connected to each other However the final coding was similar to these initial program flows Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 38 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 The final code that was written for this project can be broken down into three parts BluStation BluGateServer and BluGate The software that was written to run on the base station is referred to as the BluStation BluGateServer and BluGate were both written for the cell phone BluGate was an application for the phone This was primarily the GUI but also contained some functi
71. rder to make educated design decisions research was done for the different components involved in the construction of the base station The base device and the mobile phone need to connect to each other Therefore various connection methods were researched as well 3 3 1 Similar Products The idea of silencing cellular phones in certain areas is not a new concept In fact there are other products that already exist or are in development Two companies in particular have developed or are in the process of developing specific products to silence cellular phones in similar ways as the proposed solution Cell Block Technologies Inc has developed a product patent pending as of 2000 that achieves the desired goal which is to silence cellular phones in a limited area 1 The way that they have chosen to do this is by using Quiet Cell technology which they developed This consists of a small device about the size of a smoke detector called the Quiet Cell Control Unit This device is recognized by cellular phones at a radius of about 2 meters about 100 square feet of floor space Once the device is recognized it tells the phone to change to a channel that is not active which keeps the phone from sending or receiving information from its original base station tower It is also possible to get control units that cover a larger area up to 10 000 square feet In the United States however this technology is considered a cell phone jammer w
72. s not it will close the connection stop advertising stop listening and stop the ActiveScheduler If it is a valid command it will check for an open BluGate application If one isn t found it will open the application the application will take care of toggling profiles Then it will stop listening and advertising and set and outstanding request to the ActiveScheduler to wake up the server in two minutes This effectively stops the cell phone from being connected to more than once if it received a valid command every two minutes When the two minutes is up the ActiveScheduler is stopped Whenever the ActiveScheduler is stopped the server will determine again if it should keep running 3 4 4 5 2 Bl Gate BluGate is the program that is seen by the user It can be opened directly from the application menu of the phone It contains the GUI where users can change the settings of the phone It also is the program that is in charge of changing the profile of the phone A basic program flow can be seen in Figure 14 Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 40 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 Start BluGate Create Application Framework Draw Graphics Check Stored Settings 4 P Started Ey N User gt Toggle Profile Finish Drawing Start File Watcher E PN e p ES a uu Toggle Status Fa vil h Toggle Mode betwee
73. s of design that must be considered and as with any problem to be solved these must be approached from various angles The design of the Bl Gate system is no exception The most prevalent consideration throughout the design process was that of minimal user interaction The usefulness of the system stems from the removal of responsibility from the user Keeping this in mind the issue of invasion of privacy is called to mind Does a system have the right to manipulate the personal mobile device of an individual This question was kept in mind when designing the basic functionality and interactions of the system The size and appearance of the production base station model was also a consideration as the appearance of a product can sometimes determine its marketability regardless of functionality 3 4 2 Design Alternatives and Analysis The team had limited ability to design and simulate alternate designs The preliminary research in section 3 3 above showed the complexity of the Bluetooth ICs and that they are very expensive All of the alternative Bluetooth ICs would have been impossible for the team to solder since a typical IC contains about 96 pins in a BGA in under one square centimeter Also these IC would have required an even more expensive development kit For example the CSR Bluetooth ICs were the best option for the team to use but this IC required a 3000 development kit 22 23 A7 Engineering provided the best solution for the team s
74. sh Application open if b Stop Advertising V SEN d none found Figure 13 BluGateServer basic program flow Senior Design 2006 Team 6 Calvin College Engineering 39 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 When the server is started the first thing that it does is create an ActiveScheduler This is a Symbian specific way of handling asynchronous commands After that is created it decides whether the server should keep running or not If it detects another server process running or detects that the user has turned the status to be off then the program will exit the main function and cleanup any memory it has allocated If it detects that it should keep running then it will open a Bluetooth channel port set security settings so that no authorization or authentication is required for that channel and listen for an RFCOMM connection on that channel It will also edit the phones SDP database to show that it is offering the BluGate service on the channel it is listening on After these items are taken care of the program starts the ActiveScheduler This basically puts the program to sleep until the conditions of the active object in this case the active object is of type BluGate Listener which is waiting for a Bluetooth connection on the channel it opened have been met When a Bluetooth connection has been made the server waits for a message It will then take that message and determine if it is a valid BluGate command If it i
75. sters worth of work At the end of the first semester the team had only logged approximately 300 hours which left 1100 hours for interim and spring semester The plan was that a lot of work would be done over the interim to catch up a little and then to continue on a more regular basis for the rest of the semester However it turned out that very little got done of the interim due to a larger work load than expected The team did pick up the slack though and ended up with almost 1500 hours logged by the end of second semester 3 1 3 Schedule Along with the task list the team came up with a projected schedule that the project would follow over the two semesters This was primarily based off of the initial task list which as described above was not perfect However it gave the team a good idea of what needed to be done and to think about what smaller parts needed to be completed before moving on to other things See Appendix B for project schedule The first semester was filled with preliminary design and the tasks associated with the start of a new design project This included things such as creating a task list a project schedule and generating a PPFS In making the PPFS the team chose the way to pursue a solution to the problem This included many hours of research and discussion amongst team members and various others After it was decided that Bluetooth was the way the project would head the team started preliminary design After n
76. t The Toggle Status command will change the status from between Running and Stopped If the status is Stopped the phone will not change profiles when passing a device running BluStation The Toggle Mode command allows the user to switch between Silent or Vibrate This is the profile that the phone will be changed to when a Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 41 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 device running BluStation is detected The last user option is Exit which exits the application For a more detailed description of the GUI see the User s Manual in Appendix H Another command that the application is waiting for is the WatcherTrigger This is a process that is activated when BluGateServer has accepted a valid command from a base station This will cause the program to toggle profiles and update the screen to show that it received a BluGate connection 3 4 4 5 3 Bl Station The Bl Station is a program responsible for finding mobile devices determining if they have the Bl Gate program and toggling them if they do see Figure 15 This was accomplished through the use of three functions search sdpbrowse and rfconnect Search is responsible for searching out all Bluetooth devices in the area Sdpbrowse is responsible for browsing the SDP databases of all devices found by search Rfconnect is responsible for connecting to the devices shown by sdpbrowse to be running the Bl GateServer progr
77. t board used in prototyping The major design criterion was compatibility Since we knew the BlueCore IC could work on the development board we knew that the processor was compatible Therefore the MCF5249LPV 140 microprocessor got a 40 The next component that needed to be found was the flash ROM The flash ROM would be the medium where the base station software would be stored A decision matrix for the flash ROM can be seen in Table 7 Table 7 Decision Matrix for Flash ROM Flash ROM PART Price Ease of Integration Size Documentation Total 40 20 10 30 100 M28W320CT90N6 25 20 10 30 85 LHFOOL12 23 18 10 5 56 M29F032D70NGT 12 10 10 30 62 JS28F640P30B85 15 20 10 10 55 AT49BV160C 70TI 40 20 5 30 95 AT49BV320 11T1 2 20 10 30 62 All of the flash ROM s in the decision matrix were compatible with the MCF5249L PV 140 microprocessor So compatibility was not a major issue The amount of storage was directly dependent to the size of the base station software Since the base station software was small the size of the storage was not important either The most important component that went into flash ROM was price and Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 19 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 documentation The AT49BV320 11T1 flash ROM did well in both of those categories and it ended up being the best choice based on the decision matrix The final major component for the support
78. the project 3 2 Project Budget 3 2 1 Prototype Initially the team was given a budget of 300 for the project and prototype This budget was later increased to 500 after some initial parts were ordered Many of the parts needed for the prototype module were found in the electrical engineering labs on campus The Coldfire development board that was used to test and simulate the base station design was available to the team free of charge because a senior design team had purchased and used it two years ago To stay within the 500 budget the team used as many parts that could be found on campus as possible and the team searched many places for the best price for an item The cost of the Bluetooth development kit was split with another senior design team that also needed it The team received an educational sponsorship from PCB express that amounted to 350 of PCB production A summary of the project budget is shown in Table 2 below Table 2 Project Budget Summary 3 3V regulator samples National Semiconductor 10 15 NOKIA 3650 PHONE Bluetooth Development Kit 209 10 SMA antenna connector PCB connector Bluetooth Dongle Adapter Serial Adapter PCB connector SMA antenna connector Right angled Serial Adapter LEDS 4 7 uf Capacitors RS232 Transceiver Over night The cost of the Bluetooth development kit was 400 It was split evenly between the two teams that needed it The prototype mobile device used was a Nokia 3650 cellular phone This pho
79. to the 3 3V output of the regulator for the prototype Pin 10 is used to shut down the receivers and transmitters and is Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 31 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 active low driving this pin high prevents the transmitters and receivers from being shut down Pins 11 through 17 are outputs from internal capacitors and charge pumps and these were not connected Pin 18 is the ground pin for the IC Pin 19 was connected to RX on the host processor Pin 20 was connected to the RTS pin on the host processor 3 4 4 3 1 4 PCB Layout The PCB layout of the prototype was done using the Eagle Layout Editor This program allows a PCB to be generated from a schematic This is a much easier method than placing the parts and drawing traces manually A schematic allows for easier debugging and changing of connections After the traces were generated by the software some modification was required to make the PCB easier to solder and debug Some of the traces were moved for easier access so that they could be probed with a DMM The PCB layout in Figure 7 is not the PCB that was constructed for the project night O E TERRE IT F LI e E TTT TT This latest PCB layout includes the RS232 transceiver on the same board as the rest of the circuitry 9 3 e HHHH NI Figure 7 Prototype PCB Layout For project night the RS232 transceiver arriv
80. ttle vague The team would see what deliverables were due in the near future and either schedule a time for a meeting to work on the item or split up the work amongst the members to get done on their own Coming into the second semester it was necessary to define more specific roles for each of the team members It was thought that we would divide the team and two and have one group work on the base station while the other worked on the client software However as the design started to come together it was necessary to split up the groups in terms of hardware and software Nick Ellens and Ryan Smith chose to work on the software while Jared Heys and Matt Cosnek worked on the Hardware Ellens started out working together with Smith on coding for the client software After they both got a general understanding of the coding for the client Ellens starting working on the base station coding Smith continued to enhance the client code At the same time Cosnek and Heys were working diligently on the Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 7 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 hardware side of the design They worked together to get a basic understanding of the parts that were used and then Heys concentrated on designing PCBs to connect the parts for our prototype while Cosnek concentrated on design a production model The team never had a rigid schedule for when to work on the project Generally the two groups in the team wou
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82. y Total 10 10 100 aa or Station Ig __a __s _s _ia _2 ellular Network 5 Bluetooth Infrared IR The user interaction of this connection method received a 20 because it required the user to hold the device s IR port in line of sight IR is capable of only one connection at a time lending this criterion a two There was of course the possibility of using multiple IR ports but this would still require too much user interaction for our application IR is a simple standard of communication that has been used for many years and would be easy to implement in hardware The complexity of Senior Design 2006 Calvin College Engineering 23 Team 6 Bl gate Final Design Report May 16 2006 implementation was therefore given a 10 The speed with which this connection could be created was dependent upon the user presenting their phone and properly aligning it This lengthy process from the perspective of modern electronics gave IR speed a value of five Since IR has been used for many years the components for its implementation are easily obtained and it is used on many modern phones The IR method therefore received a 10 for this category Docking Station The user interaction of this connection method received a 10 because it required the user to place their phone in a docking cradle arguably a difficult task The docking station would be capable of only one connection at a time without becoming cluttered lending this criterion

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