Home

LYBIN 6.0 - User Manual

1. only affect the noise levels shown in this window The values used in calculations can be set in the Ship Editor Sonar Editor or Sonar Settings tab as appropriate 54 FFI rapport 11 00205 Sonar Self Noise Ship Name Lybin default ship Type Auto generated Sonar Settings Frequency kHz 708 Transducer Depth m 50 4 Self Noise dB Other parameters affecting Noise d Speed m s 002 Ship Speed knots 100 2 Relative Bearing e Noise levels at sonar frequency Ship Noise dB 35 0 Shipspeed knots Ambient Noise dB 2 12 12 e dB Figure 7 13 The Sonar Self Noise window contains a graphical presentation of the ship self noise The window also contains buttons to open editors for the ship and sonar parameters The following parameters are displayed in the Sonar Self Noise window 7 2 1 1 Ship e Name the name of the ship e Type type or class of ship for instance frigate e Edit Ship button opens the Ship Editor 7 2 1 2 Sonar e Sonar name name or type of the sonar 7 2 1 3 Sonar Settings e Frequency the frequency in kHz for which the noise level is shown e Transducer Depth the transducer depth in m for which the noise level is shown FFI rapport 11 00205 55 7 2 1 4 Other parameters affecting Noise e Wind Speed Wind speed in m s e Ship Speed the ship speed in knots for which the noise level is sho
2. The settings pane can be changed to display the environment plot see Figure 4 6 This plot visualises the environment input parameters set in the Environment Editor described in section 7 1 1478 1480 1482 1484 1486 200 1488 250 1490 300 m Oo Figure 4 6 The environment plot accessed from the main screen This plot displays the range dependent environmental properties On top the wave height is illustrated as blue waves The colouring illustrates the sound velocity along the profiles drawn with 1 km steps The bottom profile is coloured by bottom type Moving the mouse pointer over any of the colourings will reveal the values of the underlying data 4 4 Plotting The computation of plots is controlled by the Compute Plots item on the Plot menu or the icon on the toolbar im All available plots i e ray trace transmission loss probability of detection signal excess and reverberation curves are computed each time a computation is selected The three plot panes can be used to display any of these calculated plots The history can be scrolled through by clicking on the arrow buttons in the toolbar see Figure 4 3 All parameters that were used to compute the currently displayed plot are restored In this way the parameters can be retrieved for a specific case and editing on these parameters continued To display an overview of the last plots generated click View gt History All Modes 18 FFI
3. The following parameters are available when Use Passive Mode is unchecked i e for active Sonar e Mode name of the current sonar mode A list of available modes is available by clicking on the arrow down button to the right of the field By default only the defaultmode is available New modes can be added by using the Sonar Self Noise editor described in section 7 2 or by importing a complete data model e Frequency operating centre frequency of the sonar e Source Level the source level of the sonar with the currently selected mode and frequency The source level in dB is the output volume of the sonar and must be in the range 0 500 dB e Directivity Index the sonar s ability to suppress isotropic noise relative to the response in the steering direction The directivity index can range from 100 dB to 100 dB e Pulse a field describing the pulse form and length for the defined mode FFI rapport 11 00205 29 e Envelope Function envelope function of the signal Currently only Hann is available e Filter Bandwidth the filter bandwidth of the pulse The Filter Bandwidth ranges from 0 to 10000 Hz e FM Bandwidth frequency modulation bandwidth of the pulse Applicable for FM signals only The FM Bandwidth ranges from 0 to 10000 Hz e Pulse Form the pulse form of the currently selected pulse A list of available pulse forms is available by clicking on the arrow down button to the right of the f
4. lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt lt FILEINFO gt lt BOTTOMLOSS gt lt START gt 100 lt START gt lt STOP gt 3000 lt STOP gt lt ANGLEDENOM gt DEG lt ANGLEDENOM gt lt LOSSDENOM gt DB lt LOSSDENOM gt lt VALUE gt lt ANGLE gt 0 lt ANGLE gt lt LOSS gt 22 lt LOSS gt lt VALUE gt lt VALUE gt lt ANGLE gt 22 lt ANGLE gt lt LOSS gt 33 lt LOSS gt lt VALUE gt lt VALUE gt lt ANGLE gt 45 lt ANGLE gt lt LOSS gt 40 lt LOSS gt lt VALUE gt lt BOTTOMLOSS gt lt BOTTOMLOSS gt lt START gt 3500 lt START gt lt STOP gt 8000 lt STOP gt lt ANGLEDENOM gt DEG lt ANGLEDENOM gt lt LOSSDENOM gt DB lt LOSSDENOM gt lt VALUE gt 68 FFI rapport 11 00205 lt ANGLE gt 0 lt ANGLE gt lt LOSS gt 40 lt LOSS gt lt VALUE gt lt VALUE gt lt ANGLE gt 24 lt ANGLE gt lt LOSS gt 37 lt LOSS gt lt VALUE gt lt BOTTOMLOSS gt lt BOTTOMLOSSFILE gt A 9 Reverberation and noise XML format lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 lt REVANDNOISEFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt NFO gt RATIONANDN gt 0 lt RANG gt 80 lt VAL ERATION 2 p lt lt R Gi ti lt xd n pa NAS A A PRR A A Ere AA B E O SE gt i GI C Gl o dv V Vv A A Gi Gi lt
5. Data about sonars can be stored in separate files but to attach them to a ship you have to first start the ship editor see section 7 2 and then launch the Sonar Editor from there When you have finished editing sonar parameters press the Ok button and go back to the ship editor where you save all the ship s data including the sonar s on a ship file by pressing the Save button In this way the sonar s you have defined will be loaded with the ship every time LYBIN is run Saving sonar data on a separate file is useful if you are going to attach the same sonar to several ships Then you can load its definition from the sonar file for each ship and avoid retyping the same parameters repeatedly 8 Results LYBIN 6 0 has functionality for printing the calculation plots The functionality is found under the File menu as Print and Print preview Both options print the calculation result displayed in the upper right window within LYBIN in multi view mode When in single view mode the displayed result is printed The print preview functionality can be used for displaying how the selected calculation result will appear printed on paper FFl rapport 11 00205 61 2 OD BB B cue Page 12 Figure 8 1 Screen shot of the print preview window The picture displays how the calculated ray trace will appear on an A4 page The print functionality will print the calculation results on a pr
6. OFILE gt E gt E gt 7309 8593950271606 lt RANGE gt 0 47619342803955 lt DEPTH gt OFILE gt E gt gt 7929 5772314071655 lt RANGE gt 2 85714387893677 lt DEPTH gt OFILE gt E gt gt 8633 80253314972 lt RANGE gt 8 57142925262451 lt DEPTH gt O J E Ow FE Ov Vv AN oO I ov Vv OFILE gt E gt lt RANGE gt 9098 5918045043945 lt RANGE gt 4 76190686225891 lt DEPTH gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt BOTTOMFILE gt A 6 Bottom Type XML format lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt BOTTOMTYPEFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt lt FILEINFO gt lt BOTTOMTYPE gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 300 lt STOP gt lt TYPE gt 4 lt TYPE gt lt BOTTOMTYPE gt lt BOTTOMTYPE gt lt START gt 300 lt START gt lt STOP gt 4300 lt STOP gt lt TYPE gt 6 lt TYPE gt lt BOTTOMTYPE gt lt BOTTOMTYPE gt lt START gt 5300 lt START gt lt STOP gt 10000 lt STOP gt lt TYPE gt 5 lt TYPE gt lt BOTTOMTYPE gt lt BOTTOMTYPEFILE gt FFI rapport 11 00205 67 A 7 Bottom Back Scatter XML format lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt BOTTOMBACKSCATTERINGFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xml
7. The current ship speed in knots 6 3 Model Parameters LYBIN gives the possibility to set various model parameters prior to calculation as seen in Figure 6 4 Sonar Ocean amp Target Model Parameters Display Range Scale Resolution Transmission Loss Rays Free Parameters Scale m 100000 Scale and Cells Number of Rays 1000 Cells 5012 Scale and Cell Size Max Border Hits Cell Size m Scale and Steps Termination Intensity 8 Steps Cell Size and Steps Signal Excess Constant Depth Scale Resolution Free P Visual Rays n ree Parameters e Scale m 300 0 Number of Rays 50 me 300 Scale and Cells mL gt Cells 50 Scale and Cell Size Max Surface Hits 28 Cell Size m Scale and tt Steps Max Bottom Hits 1 Steps Cell Size and Steps Calculation Switches Rev and noise calculation type Bottom types v Use measured bottom loss C Figure 6 4 The model parameters available These parameters control the resolution of the calculation If the environmental data has high resolution the resolution of the calculations may be increased e Signal Excess Constant This parameter can be used to adjust the relation between signal excess and probability of detection At the moment this parameter is not editable in LYBIN FFl rapport 11 00205 33 6 3 1 Setting range and depth resolution The calculat
8. Most recent plot 2nd most recent plot 3rd most recent plot 4th most recent plot Sth most recent plot Figure 4 3 Option to choose between previous plots 4 3 The parameter pane In multiple view mode the most frequently changed sonar parameters for the acoustic model are displayed in the upper left quadrant of the main screen see Figure 4 4 Ocean and target parameters model parameters and display parameters are accessible by selecting one of the other tabs inside the quadrant In single view mode the sonar parameters are put in fields above the plotting area The other tabs are also accessible from this view mode Chapter 6 gives a description of all parameters available in the top left quadrant Sonar parameters not present here can be altered via the editor for Sonar Self Noise This editor can be accessed by selecting the Sonar and Ship noise Editor alternative from the Edit menu or by clicking the A icon Section 7 2 gives a thorough description of how to set parameters in this editor 16 FFI rapport 11 00205 Sonar Ocean amp Target Model Parameters Display Sonar defaultsonar v C Customize CO Use Passive Mode Calib Factor dB 00 System Loss dB 00 Detect Thresh dB 100 Trans Depth m 508 Transmitter Receiver settings Transmitter Receiver Tilt Angle deg 40 40 B
9. To save the bottom profile information to an XML file click Save to the bottom left find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing set of bottom profile information click Open select the file and click Open again Bottom depths can also be inserted manually Move the cursor to the desired co ordinate and click the left mouse button to insert a new point in the bottom profile Each time a point has been set the editor draws a smooth path between the existing points The physical location of the cursor is shown below the view Clicking the left mouse button on or near an existing point lets the user change the location of this point Clicking the right mouse button on or near one of the registered points will remove it from the profile Clicking the right mouse button anywhere else in the plot reveals a context menu with the option to copy to clipboard When the mouse is moved over the plot range and depth are displayed beneath the plot The bottom type will also be displayed if the mouse is moved over the bottom area Click the OK button to accept the current bottom topography and returns to main screen Otherwise click the Cancel button to discard changes and return to the main screen FFI rapport 11 00205 47 7 1 5 Bottom Type The geo acoustic properties of the bottom can be coded by a single parameter in LYBIN the bottom type Bottom types range from 1 to 9 where 1 represents a hard rock type of b
10. lt o tz Vv n Gai Vv Vv vv o tz Vv I D EH V Es a lt SoznadspozaPoZz 05 Gai Giri Vv N VALUE gt 54 lt VALUE lt REV ERATIONANDNO lt REVANDN E S ti v ow FFI rapport 11 00205 69 Appendix B Compiling NATO VELO message LYBIN 6 0 has an add on for compiling NATO VELO messages according to the specification given in the ATP 32 rev D 6 If the add on is installed a menu option named NATO RESTRICTED will appear in the LYBIN 6 0 file menu bar By selecting Message in the list given by clicking the NATO RESTRICTED option a new window called NATO Bathy Message Creator will appear The NATO Bathy Message Creator will create a formatted VELO CODE message of the selected sound velocity profile It is thus important that the profile originate from a sound velocity probe ATP 32 rev D only includes VELO CODE and the BATHY CODE given in ATP 32 rev C is thus not included Future development of LYBIN has BATHY CODE as a highly prioritized feature NATO Bathy Message Creator Information FM VELO CODE reference di SHIP NATO HANDBOOK OF MILITARY OCEANOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SERVICES a EXETER ATP 32 D March 2006 NATO RESTRICTED SIC 303 503 Addresses VELO 01011 0000 160000 010000 88888 004 80 99902 20482 40482 BT Sender OWN SHIP Receivers IEEE Catalog METOFF EXETE
11. 12 The ReverberationAndNoise profile editor is based on the 2 dimentional editor where each reverberation and noise value is valid for a single position The value represents a vertex on the envelope of the curve of reverberation and noise The editor contains a table of reverberation and noise values with their corresponding distances from the sonar To enter a new data row click in the next row or press the tab key from the rightmost field FFI rapport 11 00205 53 LYBIN gives the possibility to save the reverberation and noise input information as an XML file To save the reverberation and noise information click Save beneath the table find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing set of reverberation and noise information click Open select the file and click Open again Click the OK button to accept the current reverberation and noise and return to main screen Otherwise click the Cancel button to discard changes and return to the main screen 7 2 Ship Sonars and Self Noise The Sonar Self Noise window displays ship parameters given in the Ship Editor see section 7 2 2 and the Sonar Editor see section 7 2 3 The Sonar Self Noise window can be invoked by selecting Edit gt Ship Sonars amp Self Noise or by clicking the t icon on the toolbar The window is shown in Figure 7 13 The editable values in this window frequency transducer depth ship speed and relative bearing
12. Area group box control the area to be seen in the plot in the Environmental Editor The parameters are e Range Start and end range of visible area in meters e Depth Start and end depth of the visible area in meters The remaining buttons are global and apply to all the environmental parameters e Clear Environment Resets all environmental parameters to default settings e Open Opens an environmental file in xml format e Save Saves the environmental input parameters to file in xml format e Ok Accepts current environmental input parameters and returns to the main screen e Cancel Discards changes and returns to the main screen 40 FFI rapport 11 00205 7 1 1 Wind Speed Wind speed is the strength of the wind at the ocean surface Strong wind means higher waves and a larger bubble layer which affects the energy loss near the sea surface and affects the scattering of reflected rays Wind speed values can range from 0 100 m s The Wind Speed Profile Editor can be invoked by selecting Edit Wind Speed or by clicking the aee icon on the toolbar The editor is displayed in Figure 7 2 WindSpeed profile editor SEE Start m Stop m Wind speed m s 0 1000 1 1000 2000 3 2000 3000 5 Figure 7 2 The WindSpeed profile editor is based on the common 2 dimentional editor where each wind speed value is valid within a range defined by the start and stop values The editor contains a tab
13. Table Collection Editor provides the functionality to achieve this Edit the range values for an existing loss table by editing the values for Start and Stop to the right Add a new loss table for another range by 52 FFI rapport 11 00205 clicking Add beneath the members list If tables are to be removed click Remove beneath the members list Click OK when all loss tables are included 7 1 8 Reverberation and Noise In some cases one has measurements of reverberation and noise and would like to use these directly in the calculation of signal excess and probability of detection LYBIN has the possibility to incorporate these measurements in the calculations Reverberation and noise input values can consist of any number of measurements with corresponding ranges To find values for the ranges not given as measurements LYBIN uses linear interpolation Reverberation and noise input is an alternative where one uses measured values instead of letting LYBIN estimate reverberation and noise LYBIN will only use the reverberation and noise input values if Rev and noise calculation type is set to Measured rev and noise as described in section 6 3 4 The Reverberation And Noise Profile Editor can be invoked by selecting Edit Reverberation and noise REY or by clicking the icon on the toolbar The editor is displayed in Figure 7 12 ReverberationAndNoise profile editor Do Range m Value dB gt 0 sd 4000 75 Figure 7
14. dB Passive peration Namowband v Bandwidth Hz O02 Source level for current mode and frequency Mode name Frequency kHz 4 of 1 pj db Pulses Current Pulse 14 4 1 Envelope Function Hann Pulse Lenath ms 60 0 Pulse Form FM Filter Bandwidth Hz 100 0 FM Bandwidth Hz 100 0 Sidelobe Receiver dB Transm 0 s mm Min down 40 Det Threshold dB defaultmode 0 403 Directivity dB 1 m Source Level dB 22102 108 Figure 7 16 The Sonar Editor lets the user view and alter the sonar parameters The user may also use the editor to create new sonar parameter profiles By creating a complete sonar parameter file for multiple sonar modes user experience on a day to day basis will be increased 58 FFl rapport 11 00205 The following commands are available e Open lets the user open a previously saved sonar file All sonar parameters will be loaded e Save lets the user save all parameters for the current sonar as an XML sonar file Note that this will save the sonar data to a separate XML file If you want to attach it to a ship you have to use the Save button in the ship editor see Section 7 2 2 e OK uses the defined parameters as data for the current sonar e Cancel discards the changes Sonar parameters include e Sonar Name the type of the sonar e Depth Fixed indicates whether the sonar has a vari
15. down button to the right of the field e Bandwidth bandwidth for the passive sonar The Bandwidth ranges from 0 to 10000 Hz e Frequency centre frequency for the passive sonar e Integration Time integration time for the passive sonar The valid values range from 0 001 ms to 100 s 6 2 Ocean and Target Target Miscellaneous pH 80 Speed knots 100 Ship Density 402 Target Strength dB 100 7 Precipitation Noise Type None v Source Level dB 1500 Ambient Noise Level dB o Use Surface Scattering Platform Own Ship Name Self Noise dB 500 gt Self Noise Passive dB 50 0 7 Ship Speed knots 100 2 Figure 6 3 The ocean and target parameters available for editing LYBIN gives the possibility to set various ocean and target parameters prior to calculation as shown in Figure 6 3 FFI rapport 11 00205 31 6 2 1 Setting target parameters The ocean and target parameters available are 6 2 2 Speed Speed of target relative to own ship Currently not in use but is a factor in the detection of targets in CW mode using active sonar Target Strength echo which is returned from the target A value of 15 means that the intensity reflected from this particular target is 15 dB less than the incoming signal This parameter is used in the sonar equation for active sonars Source Level this is the source level of the target Th
16. is moved over the bottom area 38 FFI rapport 11 00205 Environment Editor DER Open Editor for Wind Speed Sound Speed Volume Backscatter Bottom Profile 150 Bottom Type Bottom Backscatter a Bottom Loss 250 Reverberation Noise 300 m Model Scales Editable Area Range 10000 2 Range Allow Zoom Depth 300 Depth Il Clear Environment Figure 7 1 The Environment Editor contains all editors for environmental input data It also includes a representation of the most basic profiles including wind sound speed bottom profile and bottom type Each of the environmental parameter types has its own editor These editors can be opened by clicking on the buttons in the Open Editor for group box The available choices are e Wind Speed Opens the Wind Speed Profile Editor The wind speed is a function of range The Wind Speed Profile Editor is described in section 7 1 1 e Sound Speed Opens the Sound Speed Profile Editor The sound speed in the water volume is a function of range and depth The Sound Speed Profile Editor is described in section 7 1 2 e Volume Back Scatter Opens the Volume Back Scatter Profile Editor The volume back scatter is a function of range and depth The Volume Back Scatter Profile Editor is described in section 7 1 3 e Bottom Profile Opens the Bottom Profile Editor The bottom profile is a function of range The Bottom Profil
17. mode o Use the plus sign to select the number of modes on this sonar o Use the arrows to select which mode is currently in use o Use the cross to delete a mode e Directivity Index is the beam pattern s ability to suppress isotropic noise relative to the response in the steering direction e Source Level the source level of the sonar with the currently selected mode and frequency The source level in dB is the output volume of the sonar A sonar can have a number of different pulse types In LYBIN several pulses can be defined and the parameters for them are edited using the following buttons e Use the plus sign to select the number of pulses e Use the arrows to select which pulse is currently in use e Use the cross to delete a pulse e Envelope Function the Envelope Function for the currently selected pulse e Pulse Form pulse form of the currently selected pulse The pulse form can be selected by pressing the arrow down button to get a list of the available pulse forms which are CW FM and M at present e Pulse Length The length in ms of the currently selected pulse e Filter Bandwidth The filter bandwidth in Hz of the currently selected pulse 60 FFI rapport 11 00205 e FM Bandwidth The FM modulation bandwidth in Hz of the currently selected pulse Note that this value is only applicable to FM pulses The field will be grayed out if any of the other pulse forms are selected Things to note
18. owned by the Norwegian Defence Logistic Organisation NDLO A detailed description of the model is given in 1 PART C On behalf of NDLO the Norwegian Defence Research Institute FFI has been responsible for testing evaluation and further development of LYBIN since the year 2000 During this period several new versions of LYBIN have been released LYBIN 6 0 was released in august 2009 LYBIN 6 0 consists of a COM module LybinCom for the Windows platform and a graphical user interface GUI which can be used together with LybinCom in order to build the stand alone executable application The GUI in LYBIN 6 0 was totally redone it is programmed in C and new functionality regarding range dependence is added The COM module LybinCom enables LYBIN to interact with other applications such as mathematical models web services geographical information systems and more The binary interface to LybinCom is described in 2 This document describes the installation and use of the combined product LY BIN GUI and LybinCom From here on in the document we call this constellation LY BIN A user guide was written to LYBIN 2 0 in 1 PART A Descriptions of functionality still present in LYBIN are partly reused here The reused parts are printed with approval from the authors at NDLO and Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center responsible for implementation of LYBIN 2 0 The hardware and software requirements are given in chapter 2 toget
19. rapport 11 00205 Section 5 7 describes the History All Modes display and chapter 5 describes the various plots in detail 4 5 Use of context menus throughout the application Context menus are used throughout the application These menus are displayed when an object is right clicked All plots can be copied by right clicking on a plot and selecting Copy to Clipboard All input boxes gives context menus with various options for editing 5 Description of the various plots This chapter describes how to interpret the plots The parameters affecting the computation of the various plots will also be described There are various locations to alter these parameters These locations in the application are listed next to the parameter 5 1 Ray trace The ray trace diagram illustrates how the sound propagates from the source Only rays initiated within the sonar main lobe is shown In order to demonstrate typical ray paths the scattering at the sea surface is disregarded An example of a ray trace diagram is shown in Figure 5 1 si Ah E RAP RA SH od Gunnar NILO IRA X VT A y TA UU DR AAA IP DANN AV De B ARRA A C CO HINA VAS i VS PSU X Aa AVA A INK ANS QW Data EAS ju NAN VIN NM rl NY AM BD ON HRC OSA Ve SN NANNY IRA IR Figure 5 1 The ray trace plot displays a defined number of the sound s travel paths These paths are calculated based on the sonar parameters and the environment
20. two available pulse types The difference lies in the processing gains In the case of an FM pulse the reverberation and noise levels are reduced by 10log o BT where B is the frequency bandwidth and T is the pulse length see section 6 1 1 5 4 Signal Excess The signal excess plot graphically illustrates the signal level for a target at any range and depth in the calculated area The signal excess is calculated on the basis of target echo strength calculated transmission loss reverberation and noise An example of a signal excess plot is shown in Figure 5 4 22 FFI rapport 11 00205 x 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 15 dB ME Fy Mr Figure 5 4 The signal excess plot displays the remaining part of the signal after target strength is added and transmission loss reverberation noise and detection threshold is subtracted in a cross section of the water volume To read the plot use the colour coding To determine the signal excess for an arbitrary position in the plot search for the colour of that location in the colour coding The value of the signal excess dB is written above this colour 5 5 Probability of Detection The probability of detection plot graphically illustrates the probability of finding an object with a given target strength within the area spanned by the range and depth axes Figure 5 5 gives an example of a probability of detection plot The estimation of probability of detection is based on the r
21. 0 lt SELFNOISEPASSIVE gt lt SPEED gt 1 lt SENSORF FFl rapport 11 00205 0 lt SPEED gt ILE gt 63 BEAMWIDTHRECEIVER gt 15 lt BEAMWIDTHRECEIVER gt BEAMWIDTHTRANSMITTER gt 15 lt BEAMWIDTHTRANSMITTER gt CALIBRATIONFACTOR gt 0 lt CALIBRATIONFACTOR gt DEPTH gt 5 lt DEPTH gt DETECTIONTHRESHOLD gt 10 lt DETECTIONTHRESHOLD gt DIRECTIVITYINDEX gt 1 lt DIRECTIVITYINDEX gt FREQUENCY gt 7000 lt FREQUENCY gt INTEGRATIONTIMEPASSIVE gt 1 lt INTEGRATIONTIMEPASSIVE gt PASSIVEBANDWIDTH gt 100 lt PASSIVEBANDWIDTH gt lt PASSIVEFREQUENCY gt 800 lt PASSIVEFREQUENCY gt lt SIDELOBERECEIVER gt 13 lt SIDELOBERECEIVER gt lt SIDELOBETRANSMITTER gt 13 lt SIDELOBETRANSMITTER gt lt SONARTYPEPASSIVE gt 0 lt SONARTYPEPASSIVE gt lt SOURCELEVEL gt 221 lt SOURCELEVEL gt lt SOURCELEVELPASSIVE gt 150 lt SOURCELEVELPASSIVE gt lt SYSTEMLOSS gt 0 lt SYSTEMLOSS gt lt TILTRECEIVER gt 4 lt TILTRECEIVER gt lt TILTTRANSMITTER gt 4 lt TILTTRANSMITTER gt lt PULSE gt lt ENVELOPEFUNC gt Hann lt ENVELOPEFUNC gt lt FILTERBANDWIDTH gt 100 lt FILTERBANDWIDTH gt lt FMBANDWIDTH gt 100 lt FMBANDWIDTH gt lt FORM gt FM lt FORM gt lt LENGTH gt 60 lt LENGTH gt lt PULSE gt lt SENSORFILE gt lt PLATFORMFILE gt lt ENVIRONMENTFILE gt lt BOTTOMFILE gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt RANGE gt 0 lt RANGE gt lt DEPTH gt 280 lt DEPTH gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt BOTTOMFILE gt lt BOTTOMTYPEFILE gt lt BOTTOMTY
22. 1 00205 25 Lybin 6 0 DER File Edit View plot Help i oL ERE A Sea BET most recent plot Raytrace Transmission Loss Signal Excess Probability of Detection Reverberation Environment nid s ofS im EENE EEE a E TRS re chee aa T Vi fA K MONY RA an Y KA 403 3026201510 5 0 41018 uN stow v Index v Rays v Tr Loss v Sig Exc v P oD v Rev v Env Plotsperscreen 5 Plots v Continue off screen Figure 5 7 The history window displays a selected number of previously calculated results Which results to display may be changed by the user The figure displays a screen shot where the user has chosen to display all results and the environment for the last five calculations There are control parameters located at the bottom of the screen e To remove the index number to the left uncheck the checkbox Index e To remove the ray trace plots uncheck the checkbox Rays e Toremove the transmission loss plots uncheck the checkbox Tr Loss e To remove the signal excess plots uncheck the checkbox Sig Exc e Toremove the probability of detection plots uncheck the checkbox P o D e To remove the reverberation curves plots uncheck the checkbox Rev e To remove the environment plots uncheck the checkbox Env e To control how many plot calculations to be displayed select the desired value from the listbox Plots pe
23. 1480 gt 20 854 35 1480 Figure 7 4 Editing in the Sound Speed Profile Editor s table To add a new profile for another range first set the range for the original profile by setting the fields for Start and Stop Then click the 4 icon beneath the table A new table will now appear It can be edited with the same procedure as described earlier Set the Start and Stop values for this new profile and push OK LYBIN will interpolate between any gaps in range To delete the current profile click the 24 icon beneath the table To step between the various profiles set over a distance use the arrows beneath the table see Figure 7 5 7T ME of4 bi Figure 7 5 Stepping between profiles valid at different distances In addition to profiles set up in the editor import of individual profiles in EDF format is possible This is a format used in SIPPICANs bathythermographs 4 To import an EDF file click the icon beneath the table A profile will then be added based on the information in the file In addition the fields for time latitude and longitude to the right in the editor will be set automatically The user must specify start and stop values for the profile LYBIN gives the possibility to save the total sound speed input information in an XML file To save the sound speed information click Save beneath the profile s graphical display find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing set of sound
24. 200 1500 1505 250 fnis 300 m Range m 2384 Depth m 64 Sound Speed m s 1472 0 Figure 5 6 The environment plot displays the range dependent environmental properties On the top the wave height is illustrated as blue waves The colouring illustrates the sound velocity along with the profiles drawn with 1 km steps The bottom profile is coloured by bottom type Moving the mouse pointer over any of the colourings will reveal the values of the underlying data The environment plot shows all the environment parameters that will be used in the calculations At the top of the plot waves illustrate the given wind speed or wave height The height of each wave corresponds to the value at that range The sound speed is graphically illustrated with color codes in the water volume Red indicates low sound speed while blue represents high sound speed The bottom topography is shown at the bottom of the plot with different shadings in grey indicating sediment type The actual value at each range and depth can be found by holding the mouse cursor over the environment plot The position and parameter value are then displayed below the plot as shown for the sound speed at range 2394 m and depth 64 m in Figure 5 6 5 7 Plot History To display an overview of the last plots generated click View History All Modes or click the icon B An example with plots for the last 5 calculations is displayed in Figure 5 7 FFl rapport 1
25. Display o 1 a 3 4 5 6 7 9 o H Sonar defaultsonar v Customize Use Passive Mode Calib Factor dB Q System Loss dB 003 5 di p K ig i Detect Thresh dB 1008 Trans Depth m 502 Transmitter Receiver settings 11 T a y gt n n Transmitter Receiver Tilt Angle deg 402 408 Beam Width deg 1502 1502 150 Side Lobe dB 1303 1303 Active sonar settings 2001 Mode defaultmode Pulse FM 60ms v Pulse Form FM Frequency Hz 7000 Envelope Funct Hann Pulse Length ms 800 gt 250 Source Level dB 221 0 2 Fiter Bandwidth Hz 1000 Directivity Ind dB 10 2 FM Bandwidth Hz 1000 300 M Raytrace Transmission Loss Probability of Detection Signal Excess Reverberation Curves Raytrace Transmission Loss Probability of Detection Signal Excess Reverberation Curves in km o i 2 3 4 3 6 7 8 9 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Li 8 9 10 0 o 50 sa so E 100 1 wot 150 5 150 200 o 200 2 250 250 E 300 300 A 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 dB Lal 98 90 75 50 25 10 2 MM Figure 3 1 The initial view when LYBIN is started There are four panes one settings pane on the upper left and the other three will display calculation resul
26. FFI rapport 11 00205 35 Sonar Ocean amp Target Model Parameters Display Use Separate values per plot Vv Transmission Loss Scale Color ov vb ian Prob of Detection Scale Color w Range m 0g 10000 Signal Excess Scale Color v Depth m 08 300 Sound Speed Scale Color v Signal Excess Scale dB Transmission Loss Scale dB Minimum 400 Minimum 400 Step Size 508 Step Size 508 Reverberation Scale dB 1000 4 1000 4 Figure 6 5 The display parameters available These parameters let the user alter the presentation of the calculation results without altering the results themselves The following display parameters are available 6 4 1 Use Controls whether each plot can have its own display parameters or not The two choices are o Global display options Display parameters do not change from one simulation to the next o Separate values per plot Separate display parameters for each simulation Transmission Loss Scale Change plot colours between multiple colours and greyscale Probability of Detection Scale Change plot colours between multiple colours and greyscale Signal Excess Scale Change plot colours between multiple colours and greyscale Sound Speed Scale Change plot colours between multiple colours and greyscale Visible Area The parameters in the Visible Area group box control the a
27. FFl rapport 11 00205 LYBIN 6 0 user manual Elin Dombestein Amund Lorentz Gjersge Karl Thomas Hjelmervik and Morten Kloster Norwegian Defence Research Establishment FFI 18 July 2011 FFI rapport 11 00205 266401 P ISBN 978 82 464 1957 2 E ISBN 978 82 464 1958 9 Keywords Akustikk Sonar Analyse Modellering og simulering Programmering Databehandling Approved by Connie Elise Solberg Project Manager Elling Tveit Director of Research Jan Erik Torp Director 2 FFl rapport 11 00205 Summary The acoustic ray trace model LYBIN uses a broad set of parameters to accurately calculate the probability of detecting objects in a given area under water with the use of sonar technology As this probability changes with environmental properties LY BIN rapidly calculates the sonar coverage LYBIN has become an important tool in both planning and evaluation of maritime operations and the software is already integrated in combat system software tactical decision alds and tactical trainers LYBIN is a well established and frequently used sonar prediction tool owned by the Norwegian Defence Logistic Organisation FLO It is in operative use by the Norwegian Navy and has been modified and improved for this purpose for more than 20 years LYBIN is proven with meas urements and has prediction accuracy similar to other acknowledged acoustical models The calculation kernel of LYBIN is implemented as a software module cal
28. Hz 100 0 Figure 6 1 The sonar settings available for active sonar contain the most commonly changed parameters for active sonar If the sonar is specified with all available modes the modes can be selected in the Mode selection box If that is not the case the user may check the Customize box to freely change any parameters of choice FFI rapport 11 00205 27 The sonar parameters available for both active and passive sonar are e Sonar name of the current sonar The list of available sonars is displayed by clicking on the arrow down button to the right By default only the default sonar is available New sonars can be added either by using the Sonar Self Noise editor described in section 7 2 or by importing a data model using the option in the File menu e Customize allows the user to quickly set up a customized sonar When checked all sonar parameters displayed here are open for input e Use Passive Mode lets LYBIN run computations for passive sonar When checked fields for passive sonar are displayed see Figure 6 2 The Transmitter part of the Transmitter Receiver settings is also locked for input e Calibration Factor this parameter is a calibration factor that is not yet implemented but is displayed on the GUI for future use e Detection Threshold the strength of the signal relative to the masking level necessary to see an object with the sonar The threshold can rang
29. PE gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 0 lt STOP gt lt TYPE gt 4 lt TYPE gt lt BOTTOMTYPE gt lt BOTTOMTYPEFILE gt lt OCEANFILE gt lt AMBIENTNOISELEVEL gt 50 lt AMBIENTNOISELEVEL gt lt PH gt 8 lt PH gt lt PRECIPITATIONNOISETYPE gt 0 lt PRECIPITATIONNOISETYPE gt lt SHIPDENSITY gt 4 lt SHIPDENSITY gt lt SOURCELEVELTARGET gt 10 lt SOURCELEVELTARGET gt lt SURFACESCATTERFLAG gt true lt SURFACESCATTERFLAG gt lt TARGETSPEED gt 10 lt TARGETSPEED gt lt TARGETSTRENGTH gt 10 lt TARGETSTRENGTH gt lt OCEANFILE gt lt SOUNDSPEEDFILE gt lt SOUNDSPEEDPROFILE gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 0 lt STOP gt lt PROFILE gt lt DEPTH gt 0 lt DEPTH gt lt TEMPERATURE gt 7 36366126149536 lt TEMPERATURE gt lt SALINITY gt 35 lt SALINITY gt lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt 1480 lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt lt PROFILE gt lt SOUNDSPEEDPROFILE gt lt SOUNDSPEEDFILE gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTERFILE gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTER gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 0 lt STOP gt AAA AAA AA N 64 FFI rapport 11 00205 lt SCATTERDENOM gt DB lt SCATTERDENOM gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt DEPTH gt 0 lt DEPTH gt lt SCATTER gt 92 lt SCATTER gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTER gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTERFILE gt lt WINDFILE gt lt WIND gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 0 lt STOP gt lt WINDSPEED gt 0 lt WINDSPEED gt lt WIND g
30. R Sound speed profiles Profile Date Time 05 01 2011 10 06 Latitude 60N Longitude 10E Selected profile NATO RESTRICTED Figure B 1 Graphical user interface of NATO Bathy Message Creator The left side contains parameters the user can alter while the right side continuously shows the resulting message 70 FFl rapport 11 00205 The user has to enter the sender information and select or enter the receivers for the VELO There are some entries in the catalog by default but any new receivers will be stored in the catalog for later use The user may also enter time and location information manually If the probe data has not been used in calculations by LYBIN the time and location information from the probe is automatically extracted LY BIN removes these data during calculations so the user has to enter them manually if calculations have been performed In case there are multiple profiles loaded into LYBIN the user can select the desired profile by using the Selected profile control The resulting message can be saved to a regular text file or printed directly on paper by clicking either the Save or Print button FFI rapport 11 00205 71 References Bibliography 1 Svein Mjglsnes LYBIN SGP 180 C Model Description The Royal Norwegian Navy Material Command 2000 2 Elin Dombestein Amund L Gjersge and Morten Bosseng LybinCom 6 0 description of the b
31. SCATTER gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt DEPTH gt 50 lt DE lt SCATTER gt 92 lt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt DEPTH gt 80 lt DEPTH gt lt SCATTER gt 94 lt SCATTER gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTER gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTERFILE gt Gi pH HEER ca Q FE t v PTH SCATTER gt Hi pH 66 FFI rapport 11 00205 A 5 Bottom Profile XML format lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt BOTTOMFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 0rg 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 0rg 2001 XMLSchema gt lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt lt FILEINFO gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt RANGE gt 0 lt RANGE gt lt DEPTH gt 280 lt DEPTH gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt BOTTOMPROF gt lt RANGE 66200268268585 lt RANGE gt lt DEPTH 23809671401978 lt DEPTH gt lt BOTTOMPRI LE gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt RANGE gt 2281 6900908946991 lt RANGE gt lt DEPTH gt 252 3809552192688 lt DEPTH gt lt BOTTOMPRI LE gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt RANGE gt 3661 9716882705688 lt RANGE gt lt DEPTH 0 0000011920929 lt DEPTH gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt lt RANGE gt 5436 6195201873779 lt RANGE gt lt DEPTH gt 280 0000011920929 lt DEPTH gt lt BOTTOMPROFILE gt E gt gt 6352 112889289856 lt RANGE gt 2 3809552192688 lt DEPTH gt
32. able transducer depth or a fixed transducer depth i e hull mounted sonars e Depth the fixed depth for fixed depth sonars The current depth for variable depth sonars All depths are in meters e Limits the minimum and maximum depth of a variable depth sonar e Tilt Fixed indicates whether the sonar has variable tilt angle or a fixed tilt angle e Tilt transmitter the fixed tilt angle for fixed tilt sonars The current tilt for variable tilt sonars Tilts are measured in degrees positive angles are defined upwards e Tilt receiver the fixed tilt angle for fixed tilt sonars The current tilt for variable tilt sonars Tilts are measured in degrees positive angles are defined upwards e Min down the negative downward tilt limit for variable tilt sonars e Max up the positive upward tilt limit for variable tilt sonars e Sidelobe transmitter the vertical sidelobe suppression of the transmitter The sidelobe suppression indicates the suppression in dB of the first sidelobe of the sonar relative to the centre of the beam High figures give one beam only sonars whereas low figures give visible sidelobes e Sidelobe receiver the vertical sidelobe suppression of the receiver The sidelobe suppression indicates the suppression in dB of the first sidelobe of the sonar relative to the centre of the beam High figures give one beam only sonars whereas low figures give visible sidelobes e Beam width transmitter indi
33. cates the vertical beam width in degrees of the transmitter beam e Beam width receiver indicates the vertical beam width in degrees of the receiver beam e Rel Bearing Indicates the direction relative to the ship at which the transducer is currently pointing Given in degrees FFI rapport 11 00205 59 e Calib Factor the calibration factor in dB gives an opportunity to correct for systematic errors in the Probability of Detection calculations for a certain sonar It should be set to 0 until evidence shows errors in the PoD calculations e Detec Threshold the detection threshold in dB for this sonar The detection threshold is the strength of the signal necessary to see an object on the sonar e System loss is given in dB and subtracted from signal excess before calculation of probability of detection starts Some parameters are specific for passive sonar calculations These are e Narrowband Broadband type of sonar e Bandwidth The bandwidth of the sonar e Integration Time Integration time during passive mode A sonar can have different source levels and directivity indices for a set of frequencies and modes These can be edited using the following buttons e Freq the current frequency in kHz o Use the plus sign to select the number of frequencies on this sonar o Use the arrows to select which frequency is currently in use o Use the cross to delete a frequency e Mode name of the current
34. d see Section 7 2 3 The part of the Ship Editor that associates sonars to the ship is shown in Figure 7 15 Sonar Curent 14 4 2 of 4 gt Di sh X Name defaultsonar Figure 7 15 Step between the sonars associated with the ship and use the Edit Sonar button to invoke the sonar editor You can save the ship data as a file by pressing the Save button find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing set of ship data click Open select the file and click Open again Data about the sonars attached to the ship is also stored together with the ship data so that the next time you load a ship all of its associated sonars are loaded also Click OK to accept changes and return to the sonar self noise editor or Cancel to discard changes FFI rapport 11 00205 57 7 2 3 Edit Sonar The Sonar Editor is the editor where one in detail defines parameters for a new sonar The Sonar Editor can be invoked by selecting the Edit Sonar button in the Sonar Self Noise window or by selecting the Edit Sonar button in the Ship Editor Window The editor is shown in Figure 7 16 Sonar Editor Sonar parameters Sonar Name defaultsonar Sidelobe Transmitter dB Depth m Default 518 Fixed Beamwidth Transmitter deg Linge 504 504 Beamwidth Receiver deg Tilt deg Rel Bearing deg Mee LI ato Tilt Fixed Calib Factor dB Rec Max up 408 System Loss
35. data FFI rapport 11 00205 19 5 2 Transmission Loss The transmission loss plot graphically illustrates the loss of intensity the sound suffers as it travels within the area spanned by the range and depth axes Figure 5 2 gives an example of a transmission loss plot Transmission loss may be considered to be the sum of the loss due to spreading and the loss due to attenuation Spreading loss is a geometrical effect representing the weakening of a sound signal as it spreads outwards from the source Attenuation loss includes the effects of absorption and scattering The estimation of the transmission loss is based on intensity computations for a user defined number of rays Raytrace Transmission Loss i Probability of Detection Signal Excess Reverberation Curves z 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 dB ERE 3 3 3 3133 Eee Figure 5 2 The transmission loss plot displays the loss of intensity due to spreading and attenuation in a cross section of the water volume Here is a brief overview of the loss mechanisms LYBIN takes into account e Cylindrical spreading the intensity loss of a ray segment depends on the horizontal distance travelled by the ray from the source e Vertical spreading given by the vertical density of rays e Bubble attenuation wind and breaking waves create a layer of air bubbles near the sea surface Sound rays passing through this layer suffer an energy loss depending on the incom
36. ds Multipane View displays the multi pane view Single Pane View displays the single pane view History All Modes displays the plot history for all plot types This display is described further in section 5 7 Compute Plots computes all plots using the currently set parameter values Chapter 5 describes the plots in detail Clear Bottom clears the existing bottom topography and sets the bottom horizontal with a depth equal to the value of the depth scale parameter About Lybin displays a window with information about the current version of LYBIN FFI rapport 11 00205 15 4 2 The Toolbar The toolbar contains icons that are shortcuts to important functions in LYBIN The icons are shortcuts to the following functions I a Sonar and Ship noise Editor Bottom Loss Editor E Environment Editor REY Reverberation and Noise Editor VOHB as Wind Speed Editor sat Volume Back Scattering Editor BE bd Sound Speed Editor 7 Bottom Back Scattering Editor ma Bottom Profile Editor Compute Plots Clear Bottom E Toggle between single and multi view M Bottom Type Editor Cc View History In addition the toolbar contains an option to choose between previous plots A scenario where a user has plotted five plots is displayed in Figure 4 3 The list box to the left gives an option to select a plot directly while the user can step through the plots by clicking on the buttons to the right Most recent plot
37. e Editor is described in section 0 e Bottom Type Opens the Bottom Type Profile Editor The bottom type is a function of range The Bottom Type Profile Editor is described in section 7 1 5 FFI rapport 11 00205 39 e Bottom Back Scatter Opens the Bottom Back Scatter Profile Editor The bottom back scatter is a function of range and gracing angle The Bottom Back Scatter Profile Editor is described in section 7 1 6 e Bottom Loss Opens the Bottom Loss Profile Editor The bottom loss is a function of range and gracing angle The Bottom Loss Profile Editor is described in section 7 1 7 e Reverberation Noise Opens the Reverberation And Noise Profile Editor The reverberation and noise is a function of range The Reverberation And Noise Profile Editor is described in section 7 1 8 The parameters in the Model Scales group box control the area of the calculation The parameters controlling the calculation area are e Range Maximal calculation range e Depth Maximal calculation depth The area of interest may not be the entire calculation area The user is therefore allowed to zoom in on areas of particular interest To open and close this feature use the Allow Zoom Normal View button e Allow Zoom Enables the Editable Area group box and disables the Model Scales group box e Normal View Disables the Editable Area group box and enables the Model Scales group box The parameters in the Editable
38. e from 100 dB to 100 dB e System Loss system loss due to special loss mechanisms in the sea or sonar system not otherwise accounted for e Trans Depth depth to which the sonar has been lowered For some sonars the transducer depth is fixed while it can be adjusted for others The parameters describing whether the depth is fixed or in which depth range the sonar is to operate are set in the Sonar Editor described in section 7 2 3 The field for transducer depth available from the main screen is therefore dependent on these parameters The transducer depth ranges from 0 1 to 12 000 meters e Tilt Angle Transmitter current angle of the transmitting part of the sonar beam centre measured from the horizontal Positive degrees go upwards and negative downwards from 90 to 90 degrees The parameters describing whether the tilt is fixed or in which tilt range the sonar is to operate are set in the Sonar Editor described in section 7 2 3 The field for Tilt Angle available from the main screen is therefore dependent on these parameters e Tilt Angle Receiver current angle of the receiving part of the sonar beam centre measured from the horizontal Positive degrees go upwards and negative downwards from 90 to 90 degrees 28 FFI rapport 11 00205 The parameters describing whether the tilt is fixed or in which tilt range the sonar is to operate are set in the Sonar Editor described in section 7 2 3 The field for Tilt Angle availab
39. eam Width deg 15 08 15 08 Side Lobe dB 1318 1308 Active sonar settings Mode defaultmode v Pulse FM 60ms ov Pulse Form FM Frequency Hz 7000 v Envelope Funct Ham Pulse Lenath ms 60 0 Source Level dB 221 0 Filter Bandwidth Hz 100 0 Directivity Ind dB 108 FM Bandwidth Hz 100 0 7 Figure 4 4 The upper left Sonar parameters tab This is an easy access to the most commonly changed parameters Shaded or grey input fields indicate that these fields are not valid for input in the set context White input fields indicate that these fields are valid for input Yellow input fields indicate that the field is still in editing mode and the return key or the tab key has to be pressed to update the value see Figure 4 5 Model Scales Range 10000 4 Depth 300 Figure 4 5 Input boxes turn yellow while editing When the background returns to white the changed is accepted When a parameter has been modified the compute button must be clicked or Compute Plots selected from the Plot menu to generate a new plot Note that the changes made to the sonar parameters are only kept for the current program run If the same data is to be used in later program runs the Sonar Editor must be used to store the sonar description in a file see Section 7 2 for more information An alternative is to save the data model using Save Data Model from the File menu FFI rapport 11 00205 17
40. egrated with external applications and both input and calculation results can be handled auto matically from outside applications The integration with third parties software can be done without needing access to LYBINs source code LybinCom 6 0 has two different interfaces for data exchange with other software The two interfaces are the binary interface and the eXtensible Markup Language XML interface The binary interface enables fast transportation of large amounts of data to and from LybinCom 6 0 The XML interface is not as fast but is more robust because the format of the input files is not as strict The XML interface discards any parts of the input file it does not recognize FFI rapport 11 00205 9 2 Hardware requirements software requirements and installation This section describes the requirements for installing LYBIN 6 0 and the process of actually installing the software 2 4 Hardware requirements This section describes the minimum hardware requirements for running LYBIN 6 0 with satisfactory user interaction responsiveness The minimum hardware requirements are based on the hardware requirements of the software requirements described in the next section e GHz CPU or higher e 512MB RAM or higher e 5MB free disk space 2 2 Software requirements All required software not included in the operating system by default is listed under software requirements e Operating system Microsoft Windows XP SP3 Vis
41. epth resolution FFI rapport 11 00205 5 O o ao NI 10 10 10 10 11 13 14 16 16 18 19 19 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 27 29 30 31 32 32 33 33 34 6 3 2 6 3 3 6 3 4 6 4 6 4 1 6 4 2 6 4 3 6 4 4 7 1 7 1 1 7 1 2 7 1 3 7 1 4 7 1 5 7 1 6 7 1 7 7 1 8 7 2 7 2 2 7 2 3 A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 Manipulating transmission loss rays Manipulating visual rays Using calculation switches Display Visible Area Signal Excess Scale Transmission Loss Scale Reverberation Scale Entering parameters Environment editor Wind Speed Sound Speed Volume Backscatter Bottom Profile Bottom Type Bottom Backscatter Bottom Loss Reverberation and Noise Ship Sonars and Self Noise Edit Ship Edit Sonar Results Appendix A LYBIN XML format v3 0 The default complete modell Wind Speed XML format Sound Speed XML format Volume Back Scatter XML format Bottom Profile XML format Bottom Type XML format Bottom Back Scatter XML format Bottom Loss XML format Reverberation and noise XML format Appendix B Compiling NATO VELO message References Abbreviations 34 35 35 35 36 37 37 37 37 38 41 42 44 46 48 49 51 53 54 56 58 61 63 63 65 65 66 67 67 68 68 69 70 72 73 FFl rapport 11 00205 1 Introduction The acoustic ray trace model LYBIN is a well established and frequently used range dependent two dimensional sonar prediction model
42. erberation curves plot graphically illustrates the calculated reverberation from the sea surface the water volume and the sea bottom The total noise level calculated from ambient and self noise is also included in the plot The reverberation and noise are plotted in dB uPa as a function of distance from the sonar Noise is shown in green the surface reverberation in blue the volume reverberation in red the bottom reverberation in brown and the total masking level is shown in black The total masking level is the sum of all reverberation and noise present Figure 5 3 gives an example of the reverberation curves plot FFI rapport 11 00205 21 bm 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 dB l pPa Noise Volume Surface Bottom Total Figure 5 3 The reverberation curves plot displays the calculated reverberation from the sea surface blue the water volume red and the sea bottom brown The total noise level green calculated from ambient and self noise is also included in the plot The total of noise and reverberation is included as the black line To read the plot use the colour coding To determine the reverberation at an arbitrary distance in the plot find the distance and locate the curve of interest The value of the reverberation dB u Pa 1s read from the axis to the left Reverberation and noise levels are estimated differently for the CW continuous wave and FM frequency modulated pulses see section 6 1 1 for more details on the
43. esults from the transmission loss noise and reverberation estimation The sonar equation is used to calculate the signal excess and the probability of detection is derived accordingly FFI rapport 11 00205 23 Raytrace Transmission Loss Probability of Detection Signal Excess Reverberation Curves 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 n 98 90 75 50 25 10 2 D nmm Ee Figure 5 5 The probability of detection plot displays the probability of detecting a target with a given echo strength under the given sonar and environmental conditions It is assumed a 50 probability of detection at a signal excess of 0 dB To read the plot use the colour coding To determine the probability of detection at an arbitrary position in the plot search for the colour of that location in the colour coding The value of the probability of detection is written above this colour 5 6 Environment Plot The environment plot will give the user an overview of the environment parameters used in the calculation presented in LYBIN The plot is placed next to the settings tab in the main screen The Environment Editor described in section 7 1 displays the same plot but additionally gives access to all environmental parameter editors Figure 5 6 gives an example of an environment plot 24 FFI rapport 11 00205 w uer 1470 1475 100 1480 1485 150 1490 1495
44. et e Scale and Cells Maximum range depth and a specific number of cells e Scale and Cell Size Maximum range depth and a specific cell size e Scale and Steps Maximum range depth and a specific number of calculation steps e Cell Size and ff Steps A specific cell size and a specific number of calculation steps 6 3 2 Manipulating transmission loss rays The transmission loss rays are the rays that are used in the calculation of transmission loss and thereby form the basis of all the other calculation results in LYBIN The transmission loss rays are spread in all directions according to a density pattern given by the sonar characteristics The parameters affecting the transmission loss rays are e Number of rays Number of transmission loss rays e Max boarder hits Maximum allowed hits at each boarder e g surface and sea bottom e Termination Intensity The lowest possible intensity a ray can have before it is terminated 34 FFI rapport 11 00205 6 3 3 Manipulating visual rays The visual rays are the rays graphically displayed in the ray trace as seen in Figure 5 1 These rays are meant to illustrate the rays with the most energy thus only rays initiated within the sonar main lobe are shown The following parameters are available to manipulate the visual rays e Number of Rays Number of visual rays in the ray trace plot e Max surface Hits Maximum number of surface hits in the ray trace plot e Max Bo
45. her with detailed installation instructions Chapter 3 describes how to start and close LYBIN The menu and toolbar options are briefly described in Chapter 4 The various plots are presented in Chapter 5 before a more thorough description of parameter input via the panes and editors are given in Chapter 6 and 7 At last Chapter 8 describes printing Two appendices are included Examples of LY BIN input data model XML are included in Appendix A An extension which handles message transmission from LY BIN is described in Appendix B This extension can be installed on demand FFI rapport 11 00205 7 1 1 LYBIN fast and accurate sonar performance prediction FFI is responsible for commercial sale testing and development of the acoustic ray trace software LYBIN LYBIN uses a broad set of parameters to accurately calculate the probability of detecting objects in a given area under water with the use of sonar technology As this probability changes with environmental properties LY BIN rapidly calculates the sonar coverage LYBIN has become an important tool in both planning and evaluation of maritime operations and the software is already integrated in combat system software tactical decision aids and tactical trainers LYBIN is a well established and frequently used sonar prediction tool owned by the Norwegian Defence Logistic Organisation FLO It is in operative use by the Norwegian Navy and has been modified and improved for this purpo
46. here sample profiles are defined for each table The three windows are displayed Figure 7 10 FFI rapport 11 00205 49 BottomBackScatter profile editor BottomBackScatterT ables Collection BottomBackScatterTable Collection Editor Members LybinD ataModel BottomB ackS catterT able Of LybinDataModel BottomB ackS catt 4 EE Ih Af LybinD ataModel BottomBackScatt E Misc BottomBackScatt Collection Start m 0 5000 BottomBackScatterSample Collection Editor BIK BottomBackScatterT ables Members LybinD ataModel BottomB ackS catterS ample O LybinDataModel BottomBackScatti 4 G A HE LybinDataModel BottomBackScatt le a E Misc Angle 20 Backscatter dB 40 gt Remove gt Remove Figure 7 10 The bottom backscatter input windows are based on the common 3 dimentional editor where an array of values is valid for a defined range defined by the start and stop values The first entry point the Bottom Back Scatter Profile Editor gives the possibility to save the total bottom backscatter input information in an XML file To save the bottom backscatter information click Save at the bottom left find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing set of bottom back scatter information click Open select the file and click Open again To enter the information manually click inside the field named Collection A bu
47. id for a defined range defined by the start and stop values The Volume Back Scatter Table Collection Editor gives the possibility to set volume backscatter for several steps in range To fill in the backscatter profile click inside the field named Collection A button will then be displayed to the right Click this button and the next editor the Volume Back Scatter Sample Collection Editor will appear Edit backscatter by editing in the values to the right If more values are to be added click Add beneath the members list If values are to be removed click Remove beneath the members list Click OK when all values are set If several depth profiles are to be set over a distance the Volume Back Scatter Table Collection Editor provides the functionality to achieve this Edit the range values for an existing depth profile by editing the values for Start and Stop to the right Add a new depth profile for another range by clicking Add beneath the members list If depth profiles are to be removed click Remove beneath the members list Click OK when all depth profiles are included FFI rapport 11 00205 45 7 1 4 Bottom Profile The bottom profile editor can be invoked by selecting Edit gt Bottom Profile or by clicking the icon s l on the toolbar The editor is displayed in Figure 7 8 Bottom Profile Editor EEK km 10 Model Scales Editable Area Range 10000 Range Depth 300 3 Depth Figure 7 8 The Bo
48. ield Valid values are FM frequency modulated and CW continuous wave The valid value M is currently not used e Pulse Length the length in ms of the currently selected pulse Valid pulse lengths are from 0 to 30000 ms 6 1 2 Parameters specific to passive sonar Sonar Ocean amp Target Model Parameters Display Sonar defaultsonar v C Customize Use Passive Mode Colb Factor d8 00 System Loss dB Detect Thresh dB 10 0 Trans Depth m Transmitter Receiver settings Receiver Tilt Angle dea 40 Beam Width deg 150 4 Side Lobe dB 130 4 Passive Sonar Settings Type Narrowband Bandwidth Hz 100 0 Frequency Hz 180004 Integration Time s 198 Figure 6 2 The sonar settings available for passive sonar contain the most commonly changed parameters for passive sonar If the sonar is specified with the correct bandwidth and integration time the user may change tilt and frequency If that is not the case the user may check the Customize box to freely change any parameters of choice 30 FFI rapport 11 00205 LYBIN can perform calculations also for passive sonar When the checkbox Use Passive Mode is checked passive sonar setting is displayed The sonar parameters available for passive sonar only are e Type describes whether the sonar is broad or narrowband Both choices are available by clicking on the arrow
49. inary interface 2009 02267 2009 3 Robert J Urick principles of underwater sound 3rd ed Peninsula Publishing 1983 4 www sippican com 5 Henry Weinberg Generic sonar model Naval Underwater Systems Center 1985 6 ATP 32 D Navy Nato handbook of military oceanographic information services 2008 72 FFI rapport 11 00205 Abbreviations COM Component Object Model EDF Exported Data Format FFI Norwegian Defence Research Establishment GUI Graphical User Interface LYBIN LYdBane og INtensitetsprogram acoustic model NDLO FLO Norwegian Defence Logistic Organization XML Extensible Markup Language FFI rapport 11 00205 73
50. ing angle and frequency A dataset representing bottom loss is entered into LYBIN in tabular form giving bottom loss in dB for a set of grazing angles Based on the tabulated values LYBIN interpolates to create loss values for equidistantly spaced grazing angles The use of bottom loss values is optional in LYBIN The checkbox Use measured bottom loss see section 6 3 4 located in the tab for Model Parameters tells LYBIN to use the given bottom loss values instead of calculating them from the specified bottom type The Bottom Loss Profile Editor can be invoked by selecting Edit gt Bottom Loss or by clicking the x icon on the toolbar The input of bottom loss consists of three input windows the first where the loss profile is defined a second where bottom loss tables are associated over a distance and a third where sample loss profiles are defined for each table The three windows are displayed in Figure 7 11 FFI rapport 11 00205 51 BottomLoss profile editor ESEA E Misc BottomLossT ables Collection BottomLoss Table Collection Editor BIK Members 1 LybinDataModel BottomLossT able LybinD ataM odel BottomLossT able properties Goa E Misc AOPE Collection m Start m Stop m BottomLossT ables BottomLossSample Collection Editor Members LybinD ataModel BottomLossS ample propert LybinD ataModel BottemLossS ampl amp z A af LybinD ataModel BottomLossS amp
51. ing angle Small grazing angles imply lengthy paths through the bubble layer and hence greater losses The attenuation of the sound is strongly frequency dependent 20 FFI rapport 11 00205 negligible at low frequencies but significant close to the bubble resonance frequency around 55 kHz e Bottom loss is estimated using empirical data for a set of predefined bottom types Refer to 7 1 5 for how to set the bottom type The loss is a function of bottom type and grazing angle Predefined angles and corresponding losses are stored in LYBIN e Thermal absorption conversion of the elastic energy of a sound wave into heat This results in a heating up of the medium Takes into account boric acid relaxation magnesium sulphate relaxation and viscosity e Scattering not by itself a loss mechanism but the results of scattering can be measured as loss of energy Unlike several other models which treat scattering as a loss LYBIN attempts to simulate the scattering process itself When a sound ray hits the surface it is reflected Due to ocean waves the reflection is not necessarily specular Scattering refers to the fact that the reflection angle is somewhat random To read the plot use the colour coding To determine the transmission loss at an arbitrary position in the plot search for the colour of that location in the colour coding The value of the intensity loss dB is written above this colour 5 3 Reverberation Curves The rev
52. inter of choice 62 FFl rapport 11 00205 Appendix A LYBIN XML format v3 0 This section contains supplementary material describing file format of LYBIN xml files A 1 The default complete modell lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt LYBINFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 0rg 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt lt FILEINFO gt lt MODELFILE gt lt MODELPARAMETERS gt lt BOTTOMREVERBERATIONCALCULATION gt true lt BOTTOMREVERBERATIONCALCULATION gt lt DEPTHCELLS gt 50 lt DEPTHCELLS gt lt DEPTHCELLSIZE gt 6 lt DEPTHCELLSIZE gt lt DEPTHSCALE gt 300 lt DEPTHSCALE gt lt DEPTHSTEPS gt 1000 lt DEPTHSTEPS gt lt DEPTHSTEPSIZE gt 0 3 lt DEPTHSTEPSIZE gt IMPULSE IMPULSE RESPONSECALCULATION gt false lt IMPULSERESPONSECALCULATION gt RESPONSEDEPTH gt 0 lt IMPULSERESPONSEDEPTH gt lt MAXBORDERHITS gt 5000 lt MAXBORDERHITS gt lt NOISECA LCULATION gt true lt NOISECALCULATION gt lt PASSIVECALCULATION gt false lt PASSIVECALCULATION gt lt PROBABI lt RANGECE lt RANGECE LITYOFDETECTIONCALCULATION gt true lt PROBABILITYOFDETECTIONCALCULATION gt LLS gt 50 lt RANGECELLS gt LLSIZE gt 200 lt RANGECELLSIZE gt lt RANGESCALE gt 10000 lt RANGESCALE gt lt RANGESTEPS gt 500 lt RANGESTEPS gt lt RANGESTEPSIZE gt 20 lt RANGESTEPSIZE gt lt RAYTRACECALCULATION gt tr
53. ion resolution is controlled by the parameters described in this section The range and depth scales set here mark the border around the calculation The calculation results are divided into calculation cells and are the basis of the graphical plots in LYBIN The internal ray tracing is based on an additional detailing level called steps As default the number of range steps is 10 times the number of range cells and the number of depth steps is 20 times the number of depth cells To avoid too large steps there is a maximum range step size of 50 meters and a maximum depth step size of 5 meters If this step size is exceeded additional range steps are added The following parameters are available to control range and depth resolution e Scale Maximum range or depth in the calculation area e Cells Number of calculation output cells in depth or range e Cell Size Size of calculation output cell given in meters e Steps Number of calculation steps to be used during the internal calculation in LYBIN All these parameters cannot be set independently at the same time The calculation resolution would then be over determined The free parameters help you avoid this Within each group box of free parameters one for range and one for depth only one combination of parameters can be chosen Each alternative opens the appurtenant resolution parameters for editing The following combinations of resolution parameters can be s
54. is parameter is only used in calculations for passive sonars Manipulating the miscellaneous parameters pH pH level in the sea water Ship Density Density of ship traffic in the area of the calculation The ship density can vary from 1 low to 7 high Precipitation Noise Type type of precipitation in the area The valid values are None Light Rain Heavy Rain Hail Snow o 0 0 0 O Ambient Noise Level noise from ambient sources If the appurtenant check box is checked this parameter will override the internal calculation of ambient noise by LYBIN Use Surface Scattering If checked the rays hitting the sea surface will be reflected in a manner simulating sea scattering The amount of scattering depends on the given frequency the sound speed at the surface and the wind speed If not checked the rays hitting the sea surface will be reflected specularly as from a perfectly smooth surface 32 FFI rapport 11 00205 6 2 3 Setting platform parameters The parameters in the Platform Own Ship group box are not editable They only reflect the parameter settings in the Sonar Self Noise editor described in section 7 2 e Name Name of the ship e Self Noise The ship s in beam and in band self noise in the direction of the current simulation e Self Noise Passive The ship s own noise in the direction of the current simulation This parameter is used in calculations for passive sonar e Ship Speed
55. isk brukergrensesnitt som sammen med LybinCom kan brukes for bygge en frittst ende eksekverbar applikasjon Det er denne frittst ende applikasjonen som kalles LYBIN FFI har p vegne av FLO v rt ansvarlig for test evaluering og videreutvikling av LYBIN siden 2000 I l pet av denne perioden har flere nye versjoner blitt utgitt LYBIN 6 0 ble utviklet ferdig i august 2009 Dette dokumentet er en brukermanual for LYBIN 6 0 4 FFI rapport 11 00205 Contents 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 6 1 6 1 1 6 1 2 6 2 6 2 1 6 2 2 6 2 3 6 3 6 3 1 Introduction LYBIN fast and accurate sonar performance prediction Acoustic Model Software Hardware requirements software requirements and installation Hardware requirements Software requirements Installing LYBIN Getting started with LYBIN The main screen The Main menu The Toolbar The parameter pane Plotting Use of context menus throughout the application Description of the various plots Ray trace Transmission Loss Reverberation Curves Signal Excess Probability of Detection Environment Plot Plot History Entering parameters from the main screen Sonar settings Parameters specific to active sonar Parameters specific to passive sonar Ocean and Target Setting target parameters Manipulating the miscellaneous parameters Setting platform parameters Model Parameters Setting range and d
56. la E Misc lt gt 20 Loss dB 40 Add Remove Figure 7 11 The bottom loss input windows are based on the common 3 dimentional editor where an array of values is valid for a defined range defined by the start and stop values The first entry point the Bottom Loss Profile Editor gives the possibility to save the total bottom loss input information in an XML file To save the bottom loss information click Save at the bottom left find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing set of bottom loss information click Open select the file and click Open again To enter the information manually click inside the field named Collection A button will then be displayed to the right Click this button and the next editor the Bottom Loss Table Collection Editor will appear The Bottom Loss Table Collection Editor gives the possibility to set bottom loss for several steps in range To fill values in the table click inside the field named Collection A button will then be displayed to the right Click this button and the next editor the Bottom Loss Sample Collection Editor will appear Edit bottom loss by editing in the values to the right If more values are to be added click Add beneath the members list If values are to be removed click Remove beneath the members list Click OK when all values are set If several loss tables are to be set over a distance the Bottom Loss
57. le from the main screen is therefore dependent on these parameters e Beam Width Transmitter vertical opening of the beam of the transmitting part of the sonar For large beam widths the transducer will give a higher dispersal of rays around the tilt angle Small beam widths give a higher concentration of rays in the direction around the tilt angle The beam width can range from 1 360 degrees e Beam Width Receiver vertical opening of the beam of the receiving part of the sonar For large beam widths the transducer will give a higher dispersal of rays around the tilt angle Small beam widths give a higher concentration of rays in the direction around the tilt angle The beam width can range from 1 360 degrees e Side Lobe Transmitter difference in intensity levels in dB between the main lobe and the first side lobes from 5 to 43 dB This parameter indicates the suppression of the first side lobe of the transmitting part of the sonar relative to the centre of the beam High figures give one beam only sonars whereas low figures give visible side lobes e Side Lobe Receiver difference in intensity levels in dB between the main lobe and the first side lobes from 5 to 43 dB This parameter indicates the suppression of the first side lobe of the receiving part of the sonar relative to the centre of the beam High figures give one beam only sonars whereas low figures give visible side lobes 6 1 1 Parameters specific to active sonar
58. le of Wind speed values with their corresponding ranges of validity Both the start and stop values specify horizontal distance from the sonar position If no wind speed is given the editor contains the default wind speed The wind speed table can be edited by tabbing pressing the tab key through the fields in the table To enter a new data row click in the next row or press the tab key from the rightmost field LYBIN gives the possibility to save the wind speed input information in an XML file To save the wind speed information click Save beneath the table find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing set of sound speed information click Open select the file and click Open again Click the OK button to accept the current wind speeds and return to main screen Otherwise click the Cancel button to discard changes and return to the main screen FFI rapport 11 00205 41 7 1 2 Sound Speed The sound speed in the water volume is a function of both range and depth Since the sound speed is most often measured as depth dependent profiles LYBIN can handle multiple sound speed profiles with their separate range dependent areas of validity The dedicated editor is displayed in Figure 7 3 The Sound Speed Profile Editor can be invoked by selecting Edit Sound Speed or by clicking the ales icon on the toolbar The editor contains a graphical display of the profile to the left a table of profile values i
59. led LybinCom In addition there exists a graphical user interface which can be used together with LybinCom to build a stand alone executable application This stand alone executable application is called LYBIN On behalf of NDLO the Norwegian Defence Research Institute FFI has been responsible for testing evaluation and further development of LYBIN since the year 2000 During this period several new versions have been released LYBIN 6 0 was released in august 2009 This document is a user guide for LYBIN 6 0 FFI rapport 11 00205 3 Sammendrag LYBIN bruker et bredt spekter av parametre for gj re en n yaktig beregning av sannsynligheten for oppdage objekter under vann ved hjelp av sonarteknologi N r milj et endrer seg kan LYBIN raskt beregne den nye sonardekningen LYBIN har blitt et viktig verkt y i b de planlegging og evaluering av maritime operasjoner og programvaren er allerede integrert i kampsystem beslutningsverkt y og treningssimulatorer LYBIN er et vel etablert og mye brukt sonarprediksjonsverkt y eid av Forsvarets logistikkorganisasjon FLO Det brukes operativt av Sj forsvaret og har blitt modifisert og forbedret for denne type bruk i mer enn 20 r LYBIN er verifisert mot m linger av transmisjonstap og gjenklang og har like god prediksjonsn yaktighet som andre anerkjente akustiske modeller LYBINs beregningskjerne er implementert som en software modul kalt LybinCom I tillegg eksisterer det et graf
60. lt SOUNDSPEEDPROFILE gt lt START gt 4500 lt START gt lt STOP gt 9500 lt STOP gt lt PROFILE gt lt DEPTH gt 35 lt DEPTH gt lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt 1497 lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt Gi pH FFI rapport 11 00205 65 lt PROFILE gt lt PROFILE gt lt DEPTH gt 55 lt DEPTH gt lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt 1499 lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt lt PROFILE gt lt PROFILE gt lt DEPTH gt 75 lt DEPTH gt lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt 1500 lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt lt PROFILE gt lt SOUNDS PEEDPROFILE gt lt SOUNDSPEEDFILE gt pu E pu cq HUE A 4 Volume Back Scatter XML format lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTERFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 0rg 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt lt FILEINFO gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTER gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 500 lt STOP gt lt SCATTERDENOM gt DB lt SCATTERDENOM gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt DEPTH gt 0 lt DEPTH gt lt SCATTER gt 96 lt SCATTER gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt DEPTH gt 23 lt DEPTH gt lt SCATTER gt 97 lt SCATTER gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTER gt lt VOLUMEBACKSCATTER gt lt START gt 7000 lt START gt lt STOP gt 10000 lt STOP gt lt SCATTERDENOM gt DB lt SCATTERDENOM gt lt VOLUMESCATTER gt 0 lt DEPTH gt I TER gt 91 lt
61. n the middle and additional information about the profile to the right Sound Speed Profile Editor Information 1476 1478 1480 1482 1484 Sound D E ing oo ER speed Profile Date Time m s 08 01 2010 10 33 1480 Latitude E gin Longitude ehe d 2 Figure 7 3 The Sound Speed Profile Editor lets the user either manually enter a profile or import from a file The profile is displayed in the plot in the left part of the editor while the editable data is presented in the table in the middle of the editor The editor also allows for multiple profiles to be entered 42 FFI rapport 11 00205 If no sound speed profile is given the editor contains the default profile The default profile consists of depth temperature salinity and sound speed The user defined profiles on the other hand do not need to contain more than depth and one of the other parameters If no values are typed into one or two columns the valueless columns will be removed when the next row is entered Any single profile must have the same parameters throughout though i e the parameters included in the first row sets the standard for all the other rows in the profile The profile can be edited by tabbing pressing the tab key through the fields in the table see Figure 7 4 To enter a new data row click in the next row or press the tab key from the rightmost field Depth Temperature Salinity gd m C ppt E Ja 0 7 36 35
62. ns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt lt FILEINFO gt lt BOTTOMBACKSCATTERING gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 5000 lt STOP gt lt ANGLEDENOM gt DEG lt ANGLEDENOM gt lt SCATTERDENOM gt DB lt SCATTERDENOM gt lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt ANGLE gt 0 lt ANGLE gt lt SCATTER gt 40 lt SCATT lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt ANGLE gt 50 lt ANGLE gt lt SCATTER gt 42 lt SCATT lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt BOTTOMBACKSCATTERING gt lt BOTTOMBACKSCATTERING gt lt START gt 5000 lt START gt lt STOP gt 10000 lt STOP gt lt ANGLEDENOM gt DEG lt ANGLEDENOM gt lt SCATTERDENOM gt DB lt SCATTERDENOM gt lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt ANGLE gt 0 lt ANGLE gt lt SCATTER gt 46 lt SCATT lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt ANGLE gt 77 lt ANGLE gt lt SCATTER gt 41 lt SCATT lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt ANGLE gt 80 lt ANGLE gt lt SCATTER gt 40 lt SCATT lt BOTTOMSCATTER gt lt BOTTOMBACKSCATTERING gt lt BOTTOMBACKSCATTERINGFILE gt R gt E EH R gt td R gt pI R gt D td R gt Hi pH A 8 Bottom Loss XML format lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt BOTTOMLOSSFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt
63. of validity to each side of the front and separating the sets by any small distance across which the conditions will change as abruptly as the user intends In between these two extreme choices any combination of these can be used The user is responsible for ensuring that the ranges of validity do not overlap If they do overlap the behaviour of LYBIN is undefined 7 1 Environment editor The environment editor shows all the environmental input in one single plot as can be seen in Figure 7 1 The Environment Editor can be invoked by selecting Edit gt Environment or by clicking the af icon on the toolbar The environmental editor has a big picture displaying all the environmental input parameters in one single plot Wind speed is shown by the waves at the top of the picture Small waves indicate little wind and larger waves indicate more wind The sound speed is displayed as colours through the water volume The colour bar to the right shows the relation between actual sound speed and colour The bottom topography is shown at the bottom of the picture with different shadings of grey indicating sediment type When the mouse is moved over the plot range and depth are displayed beneath the plot While the mouse is moved over the waves at the top of the plot the wind speed at that range is displayed If the mouse is moved inside the water volume the sound speed at that position is shown The bottom type will be displayed if the mouse
64. ottom with low bottom reflection loss while 9 represents a soft bottom with a high reflection loss The bottom types 1 9 are FNWC bottom provinces as described in 5 In addition bottom types 0 and 10 have been added representing no loss and fully absorbing bottoms respectively Bottom type is the default way to describe sea floor acoustical properties in LYBIN The Bottom Type Profile Editor can be invoked by selecting Edit gt Bottom Type or by clicking the fia icon on the toolbar The editor is displayed in Figure 7 9 Bottom ype profile editor Start m Stop m A type gt Figure 7 9 The BottomType profile editor is based on the common 2 dimentional editor where each bottom type value is valid within a range defined by the start and stop values The editor contains a table of bottom type values with their corresponding ranges of validity Both the start and stop values specify horizontal distance from the sonar position If no bottom type is given the editor contains the default bottom type The bottom type table can be edited by tabbing pressing the tab key through the fields in the table To enter a new data row click in the next row or press the tab key from the rightmost field LYBIN gives the possibility to save the bottom type input information in an XML file To save the bottom type information click Save beneath the table find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing
65. pane main screen appears see Figure 3 1 This screen is divided into four panes one pane for input parameters at the upper left and three panes dedicated to display the various plot types A main menu and a toolbar with icons pointing to functionality are located in the top of the screen Figure 4 1 gives a schematic view of the initial main screen Main menu Toolbar Settings Environment Plot Plotype 1 Plotype 2 Plotype n Parameter entry Display plot Plotype 1 Plotype 2 Plotype n Plotype 1 Plotype 2 Plotype n Display plot PENE Display plot Figure 4 1 A schematic view of the LYBIN main screen An alternative main screen is the single pane view This screen shows only one plot at a time and has an area for input above the plotting area Both the multi pane view and single pane view main screen share the main menu and a common toolbar and provide the same functionality The single pane view mode is displayed in Figure 4 2 To access the single pane view pane click View gt Single Pane View or click the icon E To return to multi pane view click View Multipane View FFI rapport 11 00205 13 or click the icon b 3 Sonar Ocean amp Target Model Parameters Display Transmitter Receiver settings Active sonar settings Sonar defaultsonar v Customize Transmitter Receiver Mode defautmode x Pulse FM amp m
66. r screen The value Fit All will find the best fit for all calculations performed in a window e If there are more calculations performed than displayed on the screen the checkbox Continue off screen can be checked to enable scroll down functionality 26 FFI rapport 11 00205 To go back to one calculation click View Multipane view Single Pane view or click the icon E 6 Entering parameters from the main screen This chapter describes the parameters available from the Settings tab on the main screen For more detailed description of the parameters and their effects on sonar performance please refer to 3 Parameters can also be entered using the parameters editor 6 1 Sonar settings Sonar Ocean amp Target Model Parameters Display Sonar defaultsonar v C Customize C Use Passive Mode Calib Factor dB 0 0 gt System Loss dB 0 0 gt Detect Thresh dB 1008 Trans Depth m 50 2 Transmitter Receiver settings Transmitter Rieceiver Tilt Angle deg 402 402 Beam Width dea 1502 15 08 Side Lobe dB 1 18 130 gt Active sonar settings Mode defaultmode v Pulse FM B0ms v Pulse Form FM Frequency Hz 7000 v Envelope Funct Hann Pulse Lenath ms 60 0 Source Level dB 221 0 Filter Bandwidth Hz 100 0 Directivity Ind dB 108 FM Bandwidth
67. r when printed Refer to chapter Feil Fant ikke referansekilden for more information e Load data model loads a previously saved complete data model in XML format e Save data model saves the active data model in an XML format e Exit closes LYBIN 14 FFl rapport 11 00205 Edit Environment opens the Environment Editor See section 7 1 for more information Wind Speed opens the Wind Speed Editor See section 7 1 1 for more information Sound Speed opens the Sound Speed Editor See section 7 1 2 for more information Volume Backscatter opens the Volume backscattering Editor See section 7 1 3 for more information Bottom Profile opens the Bottom profile Editor See section 0 for more information Bottom Type opens the Bottom Type Editor See section 7 1 5 for more information Bottom Backscatter opens the Bottom back scattering Editor See section 7 1 6 for more information Bottom Loss opens the Bottom Loss Editor See section 7 1 7 for more information Reverberation and noise opens the Reverberation and noise Editor See section 7 1 8 for more information Ship Sonars amp Self Noise opens the Sonar and ship noise Editor See section 7 2 for more information NATO RESTRICTED This function is only visible if the NATO message addin is installed on the computer See Appendix B for more information View Plot Help Message edits a bathy message according to NATO standar
68. rea displayed in the plots This area does not have to be the same as the calculation area The parameters controlling the visible area are Range Minimum and maximum plot range Depth Minimum and maximum plot depth 36 FFI rapport 11 00205 6 4 2 Signal Excess Scale The parameters in the Signal Excess Scale group box control the Signal Excess plot as shown in Figure 5 4 The parameters are e Minimum Lowest value of the colour representing the highest signal excess e Step Size Range in decibels for each colour 6 4 8 Transmission Loss Scale The parameters in the Transmission Loss Scale group box control the Transmission Loss plot as shown in Figure 5 2 The parameters are e Minimum Highest value of the colour representing the lowest transmission loss e Step Size Range in decibels for each colour 6 4 4 Reverberation Scale The minimum and maximum values of the decibel values in the Reverberation Curves plot are controlled in the Reverberation Scale group box The lower value is given to the left and the higher to the right The Reverberation Curves plot is shown in Figure 5 3 7 Entering parameters While the parameter settings that can be performed via the main screen can be considered as quick to use and easily accessible the parameter editors offer in depth specification of model parameters The parameter editors are described below LYBIN is able to handle range dependent environmen
69. rves sons sengs Pulse fom FM v Frequency Ha e Funct Hann S Puse Length joa 100003 Source Level 48 Deectivty Ind dB Raytrace Tranamason Loss Probabity of Detection Signal Excess Reverberation Curves Reyrece Transmission Loss Frobabity of Detection Signat Excess Reveberation Curves Figure 1 1 Snapshot of LYBIN 6 0s graphical user interface The screen is divided in four separate parts one for data input and three for simulated results The simulated results can be altered in any desired position Ray trace transmission loss and probability of detection can be seen on this snapshot 1 1 2 Software LYBIN 6 0 can be used both with a graphical user interface and as a stand alone calculation kernel This duality enables LYBIN to interact with other applications such as mathematical models web services geographic information systems and more The graphical user interface represents the classical LYBIN application where LYBIN is used as stand alone software Environmental data and information about the sonar and the sonar platform are sent to the calculation kernel by the operator through the graphical user interface Thereafter the calculation results are displayed by the graphical user interface The stand alone calculation kernel called LybinCom 6 0 enhances the potential applicability of LYBIN by enabling connectivity and communication between systems LybinCom can be int
70. s Pulse Form FM Use Passive Mode Tilt Angle deg 402 402 i i VR Frequency Hz 7000 EnvelopeFunet Hann Pulse Length ms 60 0 4 Calib Factor dB 00 System Loss dB 00 Beam Width deg 1508 1502 j Source Level dB 2210 2 Fiter Bandwidth Hal 1000 2 Detect Thresh dB 100 2 Trans Depth m 502 i mas aa L gt E Ica 2 AE MN 1 0 S FM Bandwidth Hal 10005 Raytrace Transmission Loss Probability of Detection Signal Excess Reverberation Curves Il HTA Un ANNO AY HA AN i ee Vip ve amp SLA AAS i Me DN 5 KAP v NN MM x ANY SQ M VX RR nn NN B QW X 200 i M HANN i AW NA HAS i NN SK Figure 4 2 The single pane view in LYBIN where only one calculation result is displayed The rest of this section explains how to work with the different parts of the main screen 4 1 The Main menu This section gives an overview of the functions that can be accessed from the Main menu References are given to later chapters where functionality needs further explanation The Main menu contains the following functions File e Print prints the upper right plot using the selected printer Refer to chapter 8 for more information e Print preview shows the upper right plot as it will appea
71. se for more than 20 years LYBIN is proven with meas urements and has prediction accuracy similar to other acknowledged acoustical models On behalf of FLO FFI has been responsible for testing evaluation and development of LYBIN since 2000 During this period several new versions of LYBIN have been released LYBIN 6 0 was released in august 2009 Since 2009 FFI is also responsible for commercial sale and support of LYBIN 1 1 1 Acoustic Model LYBIN is a robust user friendly and fast acoustic ray trace simulator Several thousand rays are simulated traversing the water volume Upon hitting the sea surface and sea bed the rays are reflected and exposed to loss mechanisms Losses in the water volume itself due to thermal absorption are accounted for LY BIN estimates the probability of detection for a given target based on target echo strength the calculated transmission loss reverberation and noise Both active and passive sonar systems can be simulated Range dependent environmental input Choices of calculation output e Bottom type e Ray trace e Bottom topography e Transmission loss e Volume back scatter e Reverberation surface volume and e Sound speed bottom e Temperature e Noise e Salinity e Signal excess e Wind speed e Probability of detection e Wave height e Travel time e Impulse response 8 FFI rapport 11 00205 Lybin 6 0 337 Rayece Tranamisson Loss Probabity of Detecton Signsi Excess Reverberaton Cu
72. set of sound speed information click Open select the file and click Open again 48 FFI rapport 11 00205 Click the OK button to accept the current bottom type and return to main screen Otherwise click the Cancel button to discard changes and return to the main screen 7 1 6 Bottom Backscatter Bottom backscatter is the fraction of energy that is scattered back towards to the receiver when a ray hits the sea bottom The bottom backscatter is a function of sediment type grazing angle and frequency A dataset representing bottom backscatter coefficients is entered into LYBIN in tabular form giving backscattering coefficients in dB for a set of grazing angles Based on the tabulated values LYBIN interpolates between tabulated values to create backscatter coefficients for equidistantly spaced grazing angles The backscatter coefficients are given as dB per square meter Bottom backscatter is an alternate way to calculate bottom reverberation LYBIN will only use the bottom backscatter values given if Rev and noise calculation type is set to Bottom Back Scatter as described in section 6 3 4 The Bottom Back Scatter Profile Editor can be invoked by selecting Edit gt Bottom Backscatter BE Scatt or by clicking the icon on the toolbar The input of bottom backscatter consists of three input windows the first where the profile is defined a second where bottom backscatter tables are associated over a distance and a third w
73. speed information click Open select the file and click Open again FFI rapport 11 00205 43 7 1 3 Volume Backscatter Volume backscatter is the fraction of energy scattered back towards the receiver from the sea volume Scattering elements in the sea volume can be particles or organic life like plankton fish or sea mammals The volume backscatter is not distributed uniformly in the sea and can vary considerably as a function of depth and also on range and time of the day In LYBIN the volume backscatter is given as a profile of backscattering coefficients as a function of depth To find scatter values for the depths not given linear interpolation is used The validity range of each profile will be given by the corresponding start range and stop range values The VolumeBackScatter Profile Editor can be invoked by selecting Edit gt Volume Backscatter voki or by clicking the st icon on the toolbar The input of volume backscatter consists of three input windows the first where the profile is defined a second where volume backscatter tables are associated over a distance and a third where sample profiles are defined for each table Figure 7 6 gives an overview of how they are related and the three windows are displayed in Figure 7 7 VolumeBackScatter Profile VolumeBackScatter Table VolumeBackScatter Sample VolumebackScatterTable Start Backscatter Stop Depth VolumeBackScatterSample Figure 7 6 The relationship be
74. ss of ship for instance fregatt e Course the ship s course in degrees relative to North e Speed the ship s current speed in knots e Latitude the ship s current latitude in decimal degrees North is defined positive e Longitude the ship s current longitude in decimal degrees East is defined positive Ship Noise data consist of measurements that can be given for a user defined number of frequencies ship speeds and sectors relative bearings For each of these combinations the noise measured at different depths can be registered Use the Num Sectors to set the correct number of sectors of ship noise measurements The sectors are assumed evenly distributed around the ship so if you have measurements for every 10 degrees you should set the number of sectors to 36 Additional information about the noise measurements can be given in the following fields e Ship name the ship on which the measurements were done not necessarily the same as the current ship e Sonar type name of sonar type used to perform the measurements e Date date of measurements e Latitude the ship s latitude during measurement in decimal degrees North is defined positive e Longitude the ship s longitude during measurement in decimal degrees East is defined positive Several sonars can be associated to a ship Select the current sonar and use the Edit Sonar button to invoke the sonar editor where data for each sonar can be entere
75. t lt WINDFILE gt lt ENVIRONMENTFILE gt lt MODELFILE gt lt LYBINFILE gt A 2 Wind Speed XML format lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt WINDFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema gt lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt lt FILEINFO gt lt WIND gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 5000 lt STOP gt lt WINDSPEED gt 6 lt WINDSPEED gt lt WIND gt lt WIND gt lt START gt 5000 lt START gt lt STOP gt 10000 lt STOP gt lt WINDSPEED gt 8 lt WINDSPEED gt lt WIND gt lt WINDFILE gt A 3 Sound Speed XML format lt xml version 1 0 encoding utf 8 gt lt SOUNDSPEEDFILE xmlns xsi http www w3 org 2001 XMLSchema instance xmlns xsd http www w3 0rg 2001 XMLSchema gt lt FILEINFO gt lt FORMATVERSION gt 3 00 lt FORMATVERSION gt lt FILEINFO gt lt SOUNDSPEEDPROFILE gt lt START gt 0 lt START gt lt STOP gt 3500 lt STOP gt lt PROFILE gt lt DEPTH gt 0 lt DEPTH gt EMPERATURE gt 7 36366126149536 lt TEMPERATURE gt lt SALINITY gt 35 lt SALINITY gt lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt 1480 lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt E 3 lt PROFILE gt lt PROFILE lt DEPTH gt 100 lt DEPTH gt lt TEMPERATURE gt 7 36366126149536 lt TEMPERATURE gt lt SALINITY gt 35 lt SALINITY gt lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt 1500 lt SOUNDVELOCITY gt lt PROFILE gt lt SOUNDSPEEDPROFILE gt
76. ta SP1 or 7 e Microsoft NET 4 0 Framework e Microsoft Visual C 2010 Redistributable Package x86 LYBIN 6 0 is compatible with 64 bit Windows operating systems The LybinCom module can also be used by other 3 party software on a 64 bit x86 platform but only with 32 bit software Any interaction with for instance Matlab on a 64 bit platform must be with a 32 bit version of Matlab 2 3 Installing LYBIN LYBIN 6 0 is shipped with two installation files e LYBIN 6 0 Setup exe o Contains prerequisite software not included in the operating system o Used if one is uncertain whether the system fulfills the prerequisites e LYBIN 6 0 Setup msi o Contains only the LYBIN software o Can be installed only if all prerequisites are met 10 FFI rapport 11 00205 Double clicking one of the files starts an installation wizard which will lead you through the installation of LYBIN 6 0 3 Getting started with LYBIN Start LYBIN from the shortcut placed in the Program section of the Start menu Start gt All Programs gt FFI Applications gt LYBIN 6 0 The initial view when entering LYBIN is displayed in Figure 3 1 Lybin 6 0 HER Ele git Mew pot Hep ef Wore EB rans PAIA n JUR m CM Settings Environment Plot _ m Raytrace Transmission Loss Probability of Detection Signal Excess Reverberation Curves Sonar Ocean amp Target Model Parameters
77. ts In LYBIN range dependent environmental data is specified for certain range intervals from the sonar When the environmental properties are entered for a discrete set of locations ranges LYBIN will create values at intermediate ranges using interpolation If no environmental descriptions are given at zero range LYBIN will substitute the data for the nearest range available likewise if data at maximum range is missing Except for BottomProfile and ReverberationAndNoiseMeasurement the range dependent data are given with start and stop values to indicate their range of validity In this context we call these datasets with start and stop related to a value or a set of values for range dependent objects A range dependent object can contain one or more values with their range of validity The possible number of values to be used in the calculation is only limited by the calculation accuracy The start and stop functionality provides great flexibility in defining the environmental range dependent properties By setting start equal to stop the data will be considered to belong to a This is actually the maximum value This will be changed in a future release of LYBIN FFI rapport 11 00205 37 point in space and LYBIN will use interpolation to produce data for intermediate ranges points The start and stop functionality might be utilized to illustrate meteorological or oceanographic fronts entering ranges with finite ranges
78. ts of choice When LYBIN is started a set of default input parameters are loaded These can be edited before the plots are computed but a calculation can also be started immediately by clicking or FS When parameters have been modified a calculation has to be started to generate a new plot Please note that changes made to the parameters are only kept for the current program run If the input parameters set are to be used in later runs these parameters should be stored in an XML FFI rapport 11 00205 11 file The parameters can either be stored in an XML file containing all input parameters described in Appendix A or stored in dedicated XML files for each editor described in Chapter 7 To quit LYBIN select Exit from the File menu or click the CI button in the screen s upper right corner Before LYBIN exits a dialogue box is displayed which give the user the possibility to save the current parameter setting Exiting Save current parameter setting Figure 3 2 The dialogue box displayed when LYBIN is exited The file with the current parameter setting is stored under the current user e Windows XP C Documents and Settings lt user gt Local Settings Application Data F FINLYBIN e Windows Vista and 7 C Users lt user gt AppData LocaNFFNLYBIN The file is called LybinSavedState xml and will be loaded at next start of LYBIN 6 0 12 FFI rapport 11 00205 4 The main screen When LYBIN is started the multi
79. ttom Hits Maximum number of bottom hits in the ray trace plot 6 3 4 Using calculation switches In situations where there are multiple choices of how to perform a calculation or which sub model to use these choices are made through calculation switches The calculation switches available are e Rev and noise calculation type Control the calculation of bottom reverberation values There are three possible choices o Bottom types Calculate bottom reverberation from bottom types o Bottom back scatter Calculate bottom reverberation from backscatter values o Measured rev and noise Use measured reverberation and noise data in stead of calculation The last two options require inclusion of additional datasets How to add Bottom backscatter data is described in section 7 1 6 and how to include measured reverberation and noise is described in section 7 1 8 e Use measured bottom loss Tells LYBIN how to calculate bottom loss If Use measured bottom loss is checked LYBIN will use measured bottom loss value These must be added as described in section 7 1 7 If Use measured bottom loss values is not checked LYBIN will calculate the bottom loss internally from the given or default bottom type 6 4 Display LYBIN gives the possibility to set various display parameters prior to calculation The display parameters control the colouring of plots step sizes axis properties and more The display tab is seen in Figure 6 5
80. ttom Profile Editor lets the user create load alter and save a bottom profile The vertices of the profile displayed as circles may be altered using the mouse pointer The parameters in the Model Scales group box control the area of the calculation The parameters controlling the calculation area are e Range Maximal calculation range e Depth Maximal calculation depth 46 FFI rapport 11 00205 The area of interest may not be the entire calculation area The user is therefore allowed to zoom in on areas of particular interest To open and close this feature push the Allow Zoom Normal View button e Allow Zoom Enables the Editable Area group box and disables the Model Scales group box e Normal View Disables the Editable Area group box and enables the Model Scales group box The parameters in the Editable Area group box control the area to be seen in the plot in the Bottom Profile Editor The parameters are e Range Start and end range of visible area in meters e Depth Start and end depth of the visible area in meters In order to optimize the calculation area according to the water volume of interest there are two options available e Adjust Scale adjust the maximum calculation depth to the lowest bottom point This function does not consider not yet accepted changes e Clear Bottom removes all points and sets the bottom as a straight line coinciding with the bottom line of the view
81. tton will then be displayed to the right Click this button and the next editor the Bottom Back Scatter Table Collection Editor will appear The Bottom Back Scatter Table Collection Editor gives the possibility to set bottom backscatter for several steps in range To fill in the profile click inside the field named Collection A button will then be displayed to the right Click this button and the next editor the Bottom Back Scatter Sample Collection Editor will appear Edit backscatter by editing in the values to the right If more values are to be added click Add beneath the members list If values are to be removed click Remove beneath the members list Click OK when all values are set If several profiles are to be set over a distance the Bottom Back Scatter Table Collection Editor provides the functionality to achieve this Edit the range values for an existing profile by editing the values for Start and Stop to the right Add a new profile for another range by clicking Add 50 FFI rapport 11 00205 beneath the members list If profiles are to be removed click Remove beneath the members list Click OK when all profiles are included 7 1 7 Bottom Loss Bottom loss is the fraction of energy that is lost when the sound is reflected from the ocean bottom usually expressed in dB The bottom loss is also referred to as forward scattering in underwater acoustic terminology Bottom loss is generally a function of sediment type grac
82. tween windows for volume backscatter input The first entry point the Volume Back Scatter Profile Editor gives the possibility to save the total volume backscatter input information in an XML file To save the volume backscatter information click Save at the bottom left find a suitable location for the file and click Save again To load an existing set of volume backscatter information click Open select the file and click Open again To enter the information manually click inside the field named Collection A button will then be displayed to the right Click this button and the next editor the Volume Back Scatter Table Collection Editor will appear 44 FFl rapport 11 00205 VolumeB ackScatterT ables Collection VolumeBackScatter Table Collection Editor Members LybinD ataModel YolumeBackScatterT able Filelnfo 1 LybinDataModel VolumeBackS cath s Ee E Misc Start m 0 Stop m 0 VolumeBackScat Collection Save Open VolumeBackScatterSample Collection Editor Members LybinD ataModel VolumeB ackS catterS ampl 0 LybinD atahiodel VolumeBackS cati 4 gs l 1 LybinDataModel VolumeBackScatt SE 2 LybinDataModel volumeBackScatt 4 amp E Misc gt Backscatter dB 92 i Depth m 0 Remove Remove Figure 7 7 The volume backscatter input windows are based on the common 3 dimentional editor where an array of values is val
83. ue lt RAYTRACECALCULATION gt lt SIGNALEXCESSCALCULATION gt true lt SIGNALEXCESSCALCULATION gt lt SIGNALEXCESSCONSTANT gt 3 lt SIGNALEXCESSCONSTANT gt lt SURFACEREVERBERATIONCALCULATION gt true lt SURFACEREVERBERATIONCALCULATION gt lt TERMINATIONINTENSITY gt 1E 16 lt TERMINATIONINTENSITY gt lt TRANSMISSIONLOSSFROMTARGETCALCULATION gt true lt TRANSMISSIONLOSSFROMTARGETCALCULATION gt lt TRANSMISSIONLOSSTOTARGETCALCULATION gt true lt TRANSMISSIONLOSSTOTARGETCALCULATION gt lt TRAVELT lt TRAVELT lt TRLRAYS gt 1000 lt TRLRAYS gt IMEANGLERESOLUTION gt 1 lt TRAVELTIMEANGLERESOLUTION gt IMECALCULATION gt false lt TRAVELTIMECALCULATION gt lt TYPEOFREVNOISECALCULATION gt 0 lt TYPEOFREVNOISECALCULATION gt lt USEMEASUREDBOTTOMLOSS gt false lt USEMEASUREDBOTTOMLOSS gt lt USEWAVEHEIGHT gt false lt USEWAVEHEIGHT gt lt VISUALBOTTOMHITS gt 1 lt VISUALBOTTOMHITS gt lt VISUALNUMRAYS gt 50 lt VISUALNUMRAYS gt lt VISUALRAYTRACECALCULATION gt true lt VISUALRAYTRACECALCULATION gt lt VISUALSURFACEHITS gt 2 lt VISUALSURFACEHITS gt lt VOLUMEREVERBERATIONCALCULATION gt true lt VOLUMEREVERBERATIONCALCULATION gt lt MODELPARAMETERS gt lt PLATFORMFILE gt lt PLATFORMNAME gt lt PLATFORMTYPE gt lt LATITUDE gt 60 1 lt LATITUDE gt lt LONGITUDE gt 4 4 lt LONGITUDE gt COURSE 0 lt COURSE gt lt SELFNOISE gt 50 lt SELFNOISE gt lt SELFNOISEPASSIVE gt 5
84. wn e Relative bearing the direction relative to the ship for which the noise level is shown Given in degrees 7 2 1 5 Noise levels at sonar frequency e Ship Noise the ship s in beam and in band self noise at the specified frequency transducer depth speed and relative bearing e Ambient noise Ambient noise from external sources e Total Noise Ship and ambient noise combined 7 2 2 Edit Ship The ship editor contains all the relevant information about the platform holding the sonar The platform is most often a ship but can also be a helicopter or a buoy The Ship Editor can be invoked by selecting the Edit Ship button in the Sonar Self Noise window The editor is shown in Figure 7 14 Ship Editor Ship Parameters Ship Name Lybin default ship Ship Type Auto generated Ship Noise Sonar Depth m Frequency Hz Ship Speed knots 50g 7000 100 M 1 m E 1 m AM 2 PERDE jd ofi DI db d ofi pj db 14 of2 DI cb Noise Measurement at Ship Name defaultship Latitude Date 01 01 2009 Longitude 1 of 3 gt bl x Name defauttsonar Figure 7 14 The Ship Editor lets the user inspect alter or create the ship parameters It is the ship noise profile for various speeds frequencies and sonar depths that is used in calculations 56 FFI rapport 11 00205 Ship parameters include e Ship name the name of the ship e Ship Type type or cla

LYBIN 6.0 - User Manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents