dot − filter for drawing directed graphs
Contents
1. _graphviz will open a new window if it doesn t already exist or reuse it if it does If the target string is empty the default then no target attribute is included in the output The substring N is substituted in the same manner as for the node label attribute tooltip tooltip is a tooltip string for client side imagemaps and SVG effective when nodes have a URL The tooltip string defaults to be the same as the label string but this attribute permits nodes without labels to still have tooltips thus permitting denser graphs The substring N is substituted in the same manner as for the node label attribute 23 August 2004 4 circo specific attributes root true false This specifies that the block containing the given node be treated as the root of the span ning tree in the layout fdp specific attributes pin val If val is true the node will remain at its initial position EDGE ATTRIBUTES minlen n where n is an integer factor that applies to the edge length ranks for normal edges or minimum node separation for flat edges weight n where n is the integer cost of the edge Values greater than tend to shorten the edge Weight 0 flat edges are ignored for ordering nodes label text where text may include escaped newlines n 1 or r for centered left or right justified lines If the substring T is found in a label it will be replaced by the tail_node name If the substring H is found in a lab2. SEE ALSO This man page contains only a small amount of the information related to the Graphviz layout programs The most complete information can be found at http www graphviz org Documentation php especially in the on line reference pages Most of these documents are also available in the doc and doc info subtrees in the source and binary distributions dotty 1 tcldot n xcolors 1 libgraph 3 E R Gansner S C North K P Vo DAG A Program to Draw Directed Graphs Software Practice and Experience 17 1 1988 pp 1047 1062 E R Gansner E Koutsofios S C North K P Vo A Technique for Drawing Directed Graphs IEEE Trans on Soft Eng 19 3 1993 pp 214 230 S North and E Koutsofios Applications of graph visualization Graphics Interface 94 pp 234 245 E Koutsofios and S C North Drawing Graphs with dot Available on research att com in dist drawdag dotguide ps Z S C North NEATO User s Manual Available on research att com in dist drawdag neatodoc ps Z 23 August 2004 7
3. a fixed radial distance from the previous circle All nodes distance 1 from the center are placed on the first circle all nodes distance 1 from a node on the first circle are placed on the second circle and so forth circo draws graphs using a circular layout see Six and Tollis GD 99 and ALENEX 99 and Kaufmann and Wiese GD 02 The tool identifies biconnected components and draws the nodes of the component on a circle The block cutpoint tree is then laid out using a recursive radial algorithm Edge crossings within a circle are minimized by placing as many edges on the circle s perimeter as possible In particular if the component is outerplanar the component will have a planar layout If a node belongs to multiple non trivial biconnected components the layout puts the node in one of them By default this is the first non trivial component found in the search from the root component fdp draws undirected graphs using a spring model It relies on a force directed approach in the spirit of Fruchterman and Reingold cf Software Practice amp Experience 21 11 1991 pp 1129 1164 OUTPUT FORMATS Dot uses an extensible plugin mechanism for its output renderers so to see what output formats your instal lation of dot supports you can use dot Txxx where xxx is an unlikely format and check the warning message Also The plugin mechanism supports multiple implementations of the output formats To see what variant
4. an edge to the given floating point value The default is 1 0 greater values make the edge tend more toward its optimal length len f sets the optimal length of an edge The default is 1 0 fdp specific attributes weight f sets the weight of an edge to the given floating point value The default is 1 0 greater values make the edge tend more toward its optimal length COMMAND LINE OPTIONS G sets a default graph attribute N sets a default node attribute E sets a default edge attribute Example Gsize 7 8 Nshape box Efontsize 8 Ifile loads custom PostScript library files Usually these define custom shapes or styles If l is given by itself the standard library is omitted Tlang sets the output language as described above n 112 no op If set neato assumes nodes have already been positioned and all nodes have a pos attribute giving the positions It then performs an optional adjustment to remove node node overlap depending on the value of the overlap attribute computes the edge layouts depending on the value of the splines attribute and emits the graph in the appropriate format If num is supplied the following actions occur num Equivalent to n num gt 1 Use node positions as specified with no adjustment to remove node node overlaps and use any edge lay outs already specified by the pos attribute neato computes an edge layout for any edge that does not have a pos attribute As usual edge layout is
5. be made asymmetric peripheries n sets the number of periphery lines drawn around the polygon This value supersedes the number of periphery lines of builtin_polygons sides n sets the number of sides to the polygon n lt 3 results in an ellipse This attribute is ignored by builtin_polygons orientation sets the orientation of the first apex of the polygon counterclockwise from the vertical in degrees f may be a floating point number The orientation of labels is not affected by this attribute This attribute is added to the initial orientation of builtin_polygons distortion sets the amount of broadening of the top and narrowing of the bottom of the polygon relative to its orientation Floating point values between 1 and 1 are suggested This attribute is ignored by builtin_polygons skew f sets the amount of right displacement of the top and left displacement of the bottom of the polygon relative to its orientation Floating point values between 1 and 1 are suggested This attribute is ignored by builtin_polygons href url sets the url for the node in imagemap PostScript and SVG files The substring N is substi tuted in the same manner as for the node label attribute URL url URL is a synonym for href target target is a target string for client side imagemaps and SVG effective when nodes have a URL The target string is used to determine which window of the browser is used for the URL Setting it to
6. NAME dot filter for drawing directed graphs neato filter for drawing undirected graphs twopi filter for radial layouts of graphs circo filter for circular layout of graphs fdp filter for drawing undirected graphs SYNOPSIS dot GINIE name value Tlang 1 libfile o outfile v V files neato GINIE name value Tlang 1 libfile n 112 o outfile v V files twopi GINIE name value Tlang 1 libfile o outfile v V files circo GINIE name value Tlang 1 libfile o outfile v V files fdp GINIE name value Tlang 1 libfile o outfile v V files DESCRIPTION dot draws directed graphs It works well on DAGs and other graphs that can be drawn as hierarchies It reads attributed graph files and writes drawings By default the output format dot is the input file with lay out coordinates appended neato draws undirected graphs using spring models see Kamada and Kawai Information Processing Letters 31 1 April 1989 Input files must be formatted in the dot attributed graph language By default the output of neato is the input graph with layout coordinates appended twopi draws graphs using a radial layout see G Wills Symposium on Graph Drawing GD 97 September 1997 Basically one node is chosen as the center and put at the origin The remaining nodes are placed on a sequence of concentric circles centered about the origin each
7. abel attribute tailhref url sets the url for the tail port in imagemap PostScript and SVG files The substrings T H and E are substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute tailURL url tailURL is a synonym for tailhref tailtarget tailtarget is a target string for client side imagemaps and SVG effective when edge tails have a URL The tailtarget string is used to determine which window of the browser is used for the URL If the tailtarget string is empty the default then tailtarget defaults to the same value as target for the edge The substrings T H and E are substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute tailtooltip tooltip is a tooltip string for client side imagemaps effective when tail ports have a URL The tooltip string defaults to be the same as the taillabel string The substrings T H and E are substi tuted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute labeldistance and port_label_distance set distance also labelangle in degrees CCW decorate draws line from edge to label samehead sametail aim edges having the same value to the same port using the average landing point constraint false causes an edge to be ignored for rank assignment layer id or id id or all sets the edgess active layers The empty string means no layers invisible neato specific attributes w sets the weight spring constant of
8. dgeop n1 edgeop edgeop nn nameO val0 name1 vall Creates edges between nodes n0 n1 nn and sets their attributes according to the optional list Creates nodes as necessary subgraph name statement list Creates a subgraph Subgraphs may be used in place of n0 nn in the above statements to create edges subgraph name is optional if missing the subgraph is assigned an internal name Comments may be C like or C like Attribute names and values are ordinary C style strings The following sections describe attributes that control graph layout GRAPH ATTRIBUTES size x y sets bounding box of drawing in inches page x y sets the PostScript pagination unit ratio f sets the aspect ratio to f which may be a floating point number or one of the keywords fill com press or auto margin sets the page margin included in the page size nodesep sets the minimum separation between nodes ranksep sets the minimum separation between ranks ordering out constrains order of out edges in a subgraph according to their file sequence rankdir LRIRLIBT requests a left to right right to left or bottom to top drawing pagedir TBLR TBLR sets the major and minor order of pagination rank same or min or max in a subgraph constrains the rank assignment of its nodes If a subgraph s name has the prefix cluster its nodes are drawn in a distinct rectangle of the layout Clusters may be nested rota
9. ecified twopi will randomly pick one of the nodes that are furthest from a leaf node where a leaf node is a node of degree 1 If no leaf nodes exists an arbitrary node is picked as center ranksep val Specifies the radial distance in inches between the sequence of rings The default is 0 75 overlap mode This specifies what twopi should do if any nodes overlap If mode is false the program uses Voronoi diagrams to adjust the nodes to eliminate overlaps If mode is scale the layout is uniformly scaled up preserving node sizes until nodes no longer overlap The latter technique removes overlaps while preserving symmetry and structure while the former removes overlaps more compactly but destroys symmetries If mode is true the default no repositioning is done splines true false If set to true twopi will use the graphviz path planning library to draw edges as splines avoiding nodes If the value is false or some nodes overlap edges are drawn as straight line segments con necting nodes This is also the default style circo specific attributes root nodename Specifies the name of a node occurring in the root block If the graph is disconnected the root node attribute can be used to specify additional root blocks mindist value Sets the minimum separation between all nodes If not specified then circo uses a default value of 1 0 splines true false If set to true circo will use the graphviz path planning library to draw ed
10. el it will be replaced by the head_node name If the substring E value is found in a label it will be replaced by tail_node_name gt head_node_name or by tail_node_name head_node_name for undirected graphs fontsize n sets the label type size to n points fontname name sets the label font family name fontcolor colorvalue sets the label text color style solid dashed dotted bold invis color colorvalue sets the line color for edges color colorvaluelist a separated list of colorvalue creates parallel edges one edge for each color dir forward back both none controls arrow direction tailclip headclip false disables endpoint shape clipping href url sets the url for the node in imagemap PostScript and SVG files The substrings T H and E are substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute URL url URL is a synonym for href target target is a target string for client side imagemaps and SVG effective when edges have a URL If the target string is empty the default then no target attribute is included in the output The substrings T H and E are substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute tooltip tooltip is a tooltip string for client side imagemaps effective when edges have a URL The tooltip string defaults to be the same as the edge label string The substrings T H and E are substi tuted in the same manner as fo
11. ges as splines avoiding nodes If the value is false or some nodes overlap edges are drawn as straight line segments con necting nodes This is also the default style fdp specific attributes Ke val Sets the default ideal node separation in the layout maxiter val Sets the maximum number of iterations used to layout the graph start val Adjusts the random initial placement of nodes with no specified position If val is is an integer it is used as the seed for the random number generator If val is not an integer a random system generated integer such as the process ID or current time is used as the seed splines val If val is true edges are drawn as splines to avoid nodes By default edges are draw as line segments NODE ATTRIBUTES height d or width d sets minimum height or width Adding fixedsize true forces these to be the actual size text labels are ignored shape record polygon epsf builtin_polygon builtin_polygon is one of plaintext ellipse oval circle egg triangle box diamond trapezium parallelo gram house hexagon octagon Polygons are defined or modified by the following node attributes regu lar peripheries sides orientation distortion and skew epsf uses the node s shapefile attribute as the 23 August 2004 3 path name of an external EPSF file to be automatically loaded for the node shape label text where text may include escaped newlines n 1 or r for center left and right justified lines T
12. guided by the splines attribute v verbose prints delta energy every 100th iteration V version prints version information and exits prints the usage and exits 23 August 2004 6 EXAMPLES digraph test123 a gt b gt c a gt xy b shape box c label hello nworld color blue fontsize 24 fontname Palatino Italic fontcolor red style filled a gt z label hi weight 100 x gt z label multi line nlabel edge style dashed color red b gt x rank same b x graph test123 a b c a xy x c w 10 0 x y w 5 0 len 3 CAVEATS Edge splines can overlap unintentionally Flat edge labels are slightly broken Intercluster edge labels are totally broken Because unconstrained optimization is employed node boxes can possibly overlap or touch unrelated edges All existing spring embedders seem to have this limitation Apparently reasonable attempts to pin nodes or adjust edge lengths and weights can cause instability AUTHORS Stephen C North lt north research att com gt Emden R Gansner lt erg research att com gt John C Ellson lt ellson research att com gt The bitmap driver PNG GIF etc is by Thomas Boutell lt http www boutell com gd gt The Truetype font renderer is from the Freetype Project David Turner Robert Wilhelm and Werner Lem berg who can be contacted at freetype devel lists lrz muenchen de
13. he string N value will be replaced by the node name Record labels may contain recursive box lists delimited by Port identifiers in labels are set off by angle brackets lt gt In the graph file use colon such as node0 port28 fontsize n sets the label type size to n points fontname name sets the label font family name color colorvalue sets the outline color and the default fill color if style filled and fillcolor is not specified fillcolor colorvalue sets the fill color when style filled If not specified the fillcolor when style filled defaults to be the same as the outline color fontcolor colorvalue sets the label text color A colorvalue may be h s v hue saturation brightness floating point numbers between 0 and 1 or an X11 color name such as white black red green blue yellow magenta cyan or burlywood or a rrggbb red green blue 2 hex characters each value style filled solid dashed dotted bold invis or any Postscript code layer id or id id or all sets the node s active layers The empty string means no layers invisible The following attributes apply only to polygon shape nodes regular n if n is non zero then the polygon is made regular i e symmetric about the x and y axis other wise the polygon takes on the aspect ratio of the label builtin_polygons that are not already regular are made regular by this attribute builtin_polygons that are already regular are not affected i e they cannot
14. r the edge label attribute arrowhead arrowtail none normal inv dot odot invdot invodot tee empty invempty open hal fopen diamond odiamond box obox crow arrowsize norm_length 10 norm_width 5 inv_length 6 inv_width 7 dot_radius 2 headlabel taillabel string for port labels labelfontcolor labelfontname labelfontsize for head and tail labels The substrings T H and E are substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute headhref url sets the url for the head port in imagemap PostScript and SVG files The substrings T H and E are substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute headURL url headURL is a synonym for headhref headtarget headtarget is a target string for client side imagemaps and SVG effective when edge heads have a URL The headtarget string is used to determine which window of the browser is used for the URL If the headtarget string is empty the default then headtarget defaults to the same value as target for the edge The substrings T H and E are substituted in the same manner as for the edge label attribute 23 August 2004 5 headtooltip tooltip is a tooltip string for client side imagemaps effective when head ports have a URL The tooltip string defaults to be the same as the headlabel string The substrings T H and E are substituted in the same manner as for the edge l
15. s are available use for example dot Tpng and to force a particular variant use for exam ple dot Tpng gd Traditionally dot supports the following Tps PostScript Tsvg Tsvgz Structured Vector Graphics Tfig XFIG graphics Tmif FrameMaker graphics Thpgl HP pen plotters and Tpel Laserjet print ers T png Tgif bitmap graphics Timap imagemap files for httpd servers for each node or edge that has a non null href attribute Temapx client side imagemap for use in html and xhtml Additional less common or more special purpose output formats can be found at http www graphviz org cvs doc info output html GRAPH FILE LANGUAGE Here is a synopsis of the graph file language traditionally using the extension dot for graphs strict graphidigraph name statement list Is the top level graph If the graph is strict then multiple edges are not allowed between the same pairs of nodes If it is a directed graph indicated by digraph then the edgeop must be gt If it is an undirected 23 August 2004 1 on graph then the edgeop must be Statements may be name val node name val edge name val Set default graph node or edge attribute name to val Any subgraph node or edge appearing after this inherits the new default attributes n0 name0 val0 namel vall Creates node nO if it does not already exist and sets its attributes according to the optional list n0 e
16. te 90 sets landscape mode orientation land is backward compatible but obsolete center n a non zero value centers the drawing on the page nslimit f or mclimit f adjusts the bound on the number of network simplex or mincross iterations by the given ratio For example mclimit 2 0 runs twice as long layers id id id id is a sequence of layer identifiers for overlay diagrams The PostScript array variable layercolorseg sets the assignment of colors to layers The least index is 1 and each element must be a 3 ele ment array to be interpreted as a color coordinate color colorvalue sets foreground color bgcolor for background href url the default url for image map files in PostScript files the base URL for all relative URLs as recognized by Acrobat Distiller 3 0 and up URL url URL is a synonym for href stylesheet file css includes a reference to a stylesheet in Tsvg and Tsvgz outputs Ignored by other 23 August 2004 2 formats neato specific attributes start val Requests random initial placement and seeds the random number generator If val is not an inte ger the process ID or current time is used as the seed epsilon n Sets the cutoff for the solver The default is 0 1 splines boolean Setting this to true causes edges to be drawn as splines if nodes don t overlap The default is false twopi specific attributes root ctr This specifies the node to be used as the center of the layout If not sp
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