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1. AEEA EE AA 54 MIS ISSN TUTTA 55 Synthesis Comand S aseo eee bopE ER b ars exe cuu Eu ce Untere unl rante uet 55 Svid TERTII 55 SDDAIIB QU DM NR Nr 56 Seg encing CT INES Sit soded cate wsrcarircuancccierietaan wise e Eea a EE AEEA EEE EENE EEE 56 SYNCRO cereo P a a a E E E 57 Known problemns tOdOS sissie innne a aa E a E 58 lud c4 NRI 58 A simple frisbee SCC B see resorte ag lotta aat aduenit a e 58 AMMAN E INTE Tc 59 Making things PEG CEDUR ioo acuaaticai cob blind CER ed CPU an du OPU rd EM RU aibtd An a 60 eO d P RCE fol he aa DO Roe ee eT ESO OE 60 Converting behaviours TO SVEMIS ao oncciccicceesndssseraccncrnssatenancaciewasensasaradaoesmamanns 61 ABC BLA CNN PED t Te T 61 ELE E reference ricerra TTE 62 HEINE erm 62 SERO VDIP HS iocos pasto d Ug U Ver Ve rada omi eb vau dabit ol andl taunt p nid MU 70 AALE OR ev 81 LA SIR 82 PN NR TERES TER 85 dd tut rS 95 OE EA EAEE EEEE GaU deen EY danh RR LEADER RO UO EOD 102 rendere STETIT DUET 108 jio cH 110 Gleis SuSE geere Hed p dedu us NE RD uuu RE EN EPI IMMER M EE UE 112 lOcaksta LERNTE Teese 123 DEICSIERCE UNES esocee coma REF eEPEla Rose EHE E RE EARNE MEN ER EAEE EEEREN 141 RUE RR ETE E E T 144 UFUNGE ONS seia e Ea a a EE E E AEE EEE 159 OE ea E E E ue bhdobanyaiane 162 ALEEN TES E TETTE 164 high level scratehpad dOCs iiiiii iiie ie ooo seven eo pna Ego seda e phuc qus iun n Ewan EFE EM UNE RES 170 EET H 175 B
2. flxseed seed number Returns void Seeds the random number generator so we can get the same sequence Example define animate colour vector flxrnd flxrnd flxrnd draw cube flxseed 10 every frame animate the same sequence of colours will be generated set searchpathss paths list Returns void Sets a list of search path strings to use for looking for fluxus related files such as textures shaders etc Paths will be searched in order each time and need trailing slashes Example Page 160 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic set searchpaths append get searchpaths list path to my textures path to my other textures get searchpaths paths list Returns void Gets the list of search path strings to use for looking for fluxus related files such as textures shaders etc Paths will be searched in order each time Example display get searchpaths newline fullpath filename string Returns fullpath string Searches the search paths for the specified file and returns the first location it finds Example fullpath myfile framedump filename Returns void Saves out the current OpenGL front buffer to disk Reads the filename extension to decide on the format used for saving tif jpg or ppm are supported This is the low level form of the frame dumping use start framedump and end framedump in
3. 0 jitter the vertex in x p read write the position pdata array pdata fold procedure start value read pdata name Returns result of folding procedure over pdata array A high level control structure for doing calculations on pdata arrays Runs the procedure over each pdata element accumulating the result Should be easier and less error prone than looping manually Example define my torus build torus 1 2 30 30 find the centre of the primitive by averaging the points position s together let centre with primitive my torus vdiv pdata fold vadd vector 0 0 0 p pdata size display centre newline pdata index fold procedure start value read pdata name Returns result of folding procedure over pdata array Same as pdata fold except it passes the index of the current pdata element as Page 72 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic the first parameter of procedure Example define my torus build torus 1 2 30 30 can t think of a good example for this yet let something with primitive my torus vdiv pdata index fold lambda index position ret vadd ret vmul position index vector 0 0 0 p pdata size display something newline collada import filename string Returns void Loads a collada scene file and returns a scene description list Files need to contain triangulat
4. Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic get children get parent get children returns a list of the children of the current primitive it can also give you the list of children of the scene root node if you call it outside of with primitive get parent returns the parent of the current primitive These commands can be used to navigate the scenegraph and find primitives without you needing to record their Ids manually For instance a primitive can change the colour of it s parent like this with primitive myprim with primitive get parent colour vector 1 0 0 You can also visit every primitive in the scene with the following script navigate the scene graph and print it out define print heir children for each lambda child with primitive child printf id a parent a children a n child get parent get children print heir get children children Collision detection A very common thing you want to do is find out if two objects collide with each other particularly when writing games You can find out if the current primitive roughly intersects another one with this command bb intersect other primitive box expand This uses the automatically generated bounding box for the primitives and so is quite fast and good enough for most collision detection The box expand value is a number with which to add to the bounding box t
5. turn the main light off define l make light point free make a new light light position l vector 10 50 50 move it away light diffuse l vector 1 1 1 shadow light 1 register it as the shadow light with state translate vector 0 2 0 hint cast shadow tell this primitive to cast shadows build torus 0 1 1 10 10 with state make something for the shadow to fall onto rotate vector 90 0 0 scale 10 build plane Problems with shadows There are some catches with the use of shadows in fluxus Firstly they require some extra data to be generated for the primitives that cast shadows This can be time consuming to calculate for complex meshes although it will only be calculated the first time a primitive is rendered usually the first frame A more problematic issue is a side effect of the shadowing method fluxus uses which is fast and accurate but won t work if the camera itself is inside a shadow volume You ll see shadows disappearing or inverting It can take some careful scene set up to avoid this happening A common alternatives to calculated shadows or lighting in general is to paint them into textures this is a much better approach if the light and objects are to remain fixed Render hints We ve already come across some render hints but to explain them properly they are miscellaneous options that can change the way a primitive is rendered These options are called hints as for som
6. ch pixels upload noise seed unsigned number Returns void Sets the seed value for noise Example noise seed 1 noise detail octaves number falloff number Returns void Adjusts the character and level of detail produced by the Perlin noise function Example noise detail 4 noise with 4 octaves noise detail 4 5 noise with 4 octaves and 5 falloff lights Description Without lights you wouldn t be able to see anything Luckily fluxus gives you one for free by default a white diffuse point light attached to the camera For more interesting lighting you ll need these functions Using the standard fixed function graphics pipeline simplistically speaking OpenGL multiplies these values with the surface material set with local state commands like ambient and diffuse and the texture colour value to give the final colour Example turn off the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0 Page 102 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 0 define mylight make light point free light position mylight vector 5 2 0 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 2
7. load texture cube back png list id t type cube map negative z texture t Lighting We have got away so far with ignoring the important topic of lighting This is because there is a default light provided in fluxus which is pure white and is attached to the camera so it always allows you to see primitives clearly However this is a very boring setup and if you configure your lighting yourself you can use lights in very interesting and creative ways so it s good to experiment with what is possible The standard approach in computer graphics comes from photography and is referred to as 3 point lighting The three jlustration 7 Default light it s pretty boring lights you need are e Key the key light is the main light for illuminating the subject Put this on the same side of the subject as the camera but off to one side Page 24 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic e Fill the fill light removes hard shadows from the fill light and provides some diffuse lighting Put this on the same side as the camera but to the opposite side to the key light e Rim or Back light to separate the subject from the background Put this behind the subject to one side to illuminate the edges of the subject Here is an example fluxus script to set up such a light arrangement light zero is the default camera light set to a low lev
8. A fixed number of operators which are recycled allocation time space constraint A maximum number of synths playing simultaneously cpu time constraint What this means is that synths are stopped after a variable length of time depending on the need for new operators Nodes making up the synth graph may also be recycled while they are in use resulting in interesting artefacts which is considered a feature Synthesis commands play time node id Schedules the node id to play at the supplied time This is for general musical use play now node id Plays the node id as soon as possible mainly for testing Operator nodes All these commands create and return a nodes which can be played Parameters in the synthesis graph can be other nodes or normal number values Generators sine frequency A sine wave at the specified frequency saw frequency A saw wave at the specified frequency squ frequency A square wave at the specified frequency white frequency White noise pink frequency Pink noise sample sample filename frequency Page 55 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Loads and plays a sample files can be relative to specified searchpaths Samples will be loaded asynchronously and won t interfere with real time audio adsr attack decay sustain release Generates an envelope signal Maths add a b sub a b mu
9. Sets the position of the specified light In worldspace if free in camera space is attached Example turn off the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 define mylight make light point free light position mylight vector 5 2 0 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 light spot angle lightid number angle number Returns void Sets the spotlight cone angle of the specified light If it S not a spot light this command has no effect Example turn down the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 1 0 1 0 1 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 define mylight make light spot free light position mylight vector 4 crndf crndf 2 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 light spot angle mylight 5 random 40 Page 105 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic light spot exponent mylight 500 light attenuation mylight constant 1 light direction mylight vector 1 0 1 with state ambient vector
10. Stopping the mouse moving the camera The mouse camera control still works when the camera is locked to a primitive it just moves it relative to the locked primitive You can stop this happening by setting the camera transform yourself set camera transform mtranslate vector 0 0 10 This command takes a transform matrix a vector of 16 numbers which can be generated by the maths commands mtranslate mrotate and mscale and multiplied together with mmul You just need to call set camera transform once it gives your script complete control over the camera and frees the mouse up for doing other things To switch mouse movement back on use reset camera More camera properties By default the camera is set to perspective projection To use orthographic projection just use ortho Moving the camera back and forward has no effect with orthographic projection so to zoom the display use set ortho zoom 10 And use persp To flip the camera back to perspective mode Illustration 27 Using clip to give a wide angle perspective on The camera angle can be the camera changed with the rather confusingly named command clip 1 10000 Which sets the near and far clipping plane distance The far clipping plane the second number sets where geometry will start getting dropped out The first number is interesting to us here as it sets the distance from the camera centre point to the near clipping plane The sma
11. scenes containing different geometry parsing maenlen er cle types including animation and physics e 38 data Collada export is planned parens Boum pansing See the documentation for the po command Adesso eee Uaa pens eco Aara 7A lera fund TE rerai ae Eal ead expectedierchabactenm efte b e N flouxtis gt collada import filename Illustration 31 Loading an example collada scene Hardware shaders allow you to have much finer control over the graphics pipeline used to render your objects Fluxus has commands to set and control GLSL shaders from your scheme scripts and even edit your shaders in the fluxus editor GLSL is the OpenGL standard for shaders across various graphics card types if your card and driver support OpenGL2 this should work for you shader vertshader fragshader Loads compiles and binds the vertex and fragment shaders on to current state or grabbed primitive shader set paramlist Sets uniform parameters for the shader in a token value list e g list specular 0 5 mycolour vector 1 0 0 This is very simple to set up in your GLSL shader you just need to declare a uniform value eg uniform float deformamount This is then set by calling from scheme shader set list deformamount 1 4 The deformamount is set once per object shader hence it s a uniform value across the whole object Shaders also get given all pdata as attribute per vertex parameters so you can share all th
12. Data Type Page 32 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Control vertex position p 3 vector Control vertex normal n 3 vector Control vertex texture t 3 vector for u and v the coords 3rd number is ignored Particle primitives Particle primitives use the pdata elements to represent a point or a camera facing sprite which can be textured depending on the render hints This primitive is useful for lots of different effects including water smoke clouds and explosions ic build particles num particles E Illustration 19 Some particles Pdata Types used as sprites by assigning them a texture Use Name Data Type Particle position p 3 vector Partilcle colour C 3 vector Particle size S 3 vector for width and height the 3rd number is ignored Geometry hints Particle primitives default to camera facing sprites but can be made to render as points in screen space which look quite different To switch to points with primitive myparticles hint none turns off solid which is default sprite mode hint points turn on points rendering If you also enable hint anti alias you may get circular points depending on i hp owt hint unlit define d 12 your GPU these can be scaled in fertur las extare tose pixel space using point width Uii od tpdats index map x x 3 is rector
13. build heir depth with state let p with state translate vector 2 0 0 scale 0 9 build cube when gt depth 0 parent p for i in range 0 5 when zero random 3 rotate vector 0 0 45 crndf build heir depth 1 define animate heir children depth for each lambda child with primitive child rotate vector 0 0 sin depth time animate heir get children depth 1 children define animate animate heir get children 0 when mouse button 1 let s Select mouse x mouse y 2 when not zero s with primitive s detach parent clear build heir 5 every frame animate with state expression Returns result of last expression Encapsulates local state changes and removes the need for push and pop Page 70 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Example State hierachy by nesting with state with state hint vertcols colour vector 0 1 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build sphere 10 10 build torus 1 2 30 30 making primitives define my torus with state hint vertcols colour vector 0 0 1 build torus 1 2 30 30 with primitive primitive expression Returns result of last expression Encapsulates primitive state changes and removes the need for grab and ungrab Example define my torus with stat
14. builds a 10x10 HSV colour pattern Page 126 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic y in range 0 10 identity translate vector x y 0 colour hsv gt rgb vector x 10 y 10 1 build cube wire colour colour vector Returns void Sets the wire frame colour of the current drawing state or the current primitive Visible with hint wire on most primitives Example wire colour vector 1 1 0 set yellow as current wire colour hint wire define mycube build cube makes a cube with yellow wireframe specular colour vector Returns void Sets the specular colour of the current drawing state or the current primitive Example specular vector 0 O0 1 set blue as specular colour define mysphere build sphere 10 10 makes a shiny blue sphere ambient colour vector Returns void Sets the ambient colour of the current drawing state or the current primitive Example ambient vector 0 1 set blue as ambient colour define mysphere build sphere 10 10 makes a boringly blue sphere opacity value Returns void Sets the emissive colour of the current drawing state or the current primitive Example emissive vector 0 O0 1 set blue as emissive colour define mysphere build sphere 10 10 makes an bright blue sphere Page 127 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under
15. clear shader cache shader set argument list Returns void Sets the uniform shader parameters for the GLSL shader The list consists of token string value pairs which relate to the corresponding shader parameters names and values Example you need to have built fluxus with GLSL 1 clear fluxus init this is important to add when using shaders at the moment it will be moved somewhere to run automatically define s with state assign the shaders to the surface shader simple vert glsl simple frag glsl build sphere 20 20 with primitive s add and set the pdata this is then picked up in the vertex shader as an input attribute called testcol pdata add testcol v set the testcol pdata with a random colour for every vertex pdata map lambda c rndvec testcol define animate with primitive s animate the deformamount uniform input parameter shader set list deformamount cos time every frame animate texture params texture unit number parameter list Returns void Sets the current texture state for the specified texture unit This state controls how the texture is applied to the surface of the object and how it s filtered in texels or miplevels The texture unit is used if you are using multitexturing the default texture unit is 0 You may need to read up a bit on OpenGL or experiment to find out more about these options Example Page 140
16. deform n pdata set p n vadd pdata ref p n the original point plus vmul vector flxrnd flxrnd flxrnd 0 1 a small random vector if zero n deform n 1 hint unlit set some render settings to hint wire make things easier to see line width 4 define myobj build sphere 10 10 make a sphere grab myobj deform pdata size deform it ungrab Page 141 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic pdata ref type string index number Returns value vector colour matrix number Returns the corresponding pdata element Example pdata ref p 1 pdata set type string index number value vector colour matrix number Returns void Writes to the corresponding pdata element Example pdata set p 1 vector 100 0 pdata add name string type string Returns void Adds a new user pdata array Type is one of v vector c colour f float or m matrix Example pdata add mydata v pdata set mydata vector 1 2 3 pdata op funcname string pdataname string operator Returns void This is an experimental feature allowing you to do operations on pdata very quickly for instance adding element for element one array of pdata to another You can implement this in Scheme as a loop over each element but this is slow as the interpreter is doing all the work It s much faster if you can use a p
17. editor for more help on the livecoding editor help camera for help on the camera controls help language for more info on the fluxus commands help misc for miscellaneous fluxus info help toplap for the toplap manefesto help authors who made this keys Returns Example Fluxus keys ctrl f Fullscreen mode Page 170 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic ctrl w Windowed mode ctrl h Hide show the text ctrl l Load a new script navigate with cursors and return ctrl s Save current script ctrl d Save as current script opens a filename dialog ctrl p Auto format the whitespace in your scheme script to be more pretty ctrl 1 to 9 Switch to selected workspace ctrl 0 Switch to the REPL F3 Resets the camera if you get lost F5 or ctrl e Executethe selected text or all if none is selected F6 Completely resets the interpreter then executes the selected text or all if none is selected F9 Randomise the text colour aka the panic button F10 Decreases the text opacity F11 Increases the text opacity console Returns Example Fluxus console or REPL If you press ctrl and 0 instead of getting another script workspace you will be presented with a Read EvaluatePrint Loop interpreter or repl for short This is really just an interactive interpreter similar to the commandline where yo
18. or all if none is selected e F6 Reset interpreter and execute text e F9 Randomise the text colour aka the panic button e F10 Make the text more transparent e F11 Make the text less transparent Scheme is a programming language invented by Gerald J Sussman and Guy L Steel Jr in 1975 Scheme is based on another language Lisp which dates back to the fifties It is a high level language which means it is biased towards human rather than machine understanding The fluxus scratchpad embeds a Scheme interpreter it can run Scheme programs and the fluxus modules extend the Scheme language with commands for 3D computer graphics This chapter gives a very basic introduction to Scheme programming and a fast path to working with fluxus enough to get you started without prior programming experience but don t explain the details very well For general scheme learning heartily recommend the following books two of which have the complete text on line Page 6 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic The Little Schemer Daniel P Friedman and Matthias Felleisen How to Design Programs An Introduction to Computing and Programming Matthias Felleisen Robert Bruce Findler Matthew Flatt Shriram Krishnamurthi Online http www htdp org 2003 09 26 Book Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs Harold Abelson and Gerald Jay Sussman with Julie Sussman
19. pdata set p 3 vector 0 25 0 25 0 5 pdata set c 3 vector 0 01 0 01 0 pdata set s 3 0 01 pdata set p 4 vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 pdata set c 4 vector 0 01 0 01 0 01 pdata set s 4 0 025 define p with state translate vector 1 0 0 blobby gt poly b draw instance primitiveid number Returns void Copies a retained mode primitive and draws it in the current state as an immediate mode primitive Example define mynewshape build cube Page 152 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic colour vector 1 0 0 draw instance mynewshape draws a copy of mynewshape draw cube Returns void Draws a cube in the current state in immediate mode primitive Example define render draw cube every frame render draw plane Returns void Draws a plane in the current state in immediate mode primitive Example define render draw plane every frame render draw sphere Returns void Draws a sphere in the current state in immediate mode primitive Example define render draw sphere every frame render draw cylinder Returns void Draws a cylinder in the current state in immediate mode primitive Example define render draw cylinder every frame render draw torus Returns void Page 153 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Att
20. such as add textures and deform it Example clear wire colour vector 0 0 1 this font should be on the default fluxus path as it s the editor font define t build extruded type Bitstream Vera Sans Mono ttf fluxus rocks 1 make a poly primitive from the type define p with state translate vector 0 4 0 type gt poly t set some texture coords on the poly prim and load a texture onto it with primitive p pdata map lambda t p Page 147 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic vmul p 0 5 uu p texture load texture refmap png text params width number height number stride number wrap number Returns primitiveid number Sets parameters for making fonts from texture maps Defaults 16 256 16 256 160 Example don t use me build nurbs sphere hsegments rsegments Returns primitiveid number Builds a tesselated nurbs sphere texture mapped in the same fashion as the poly sphere Example define mynewshape build nurbs sphere 10 10 build nurbs plane hsegments rsegments Returns primitiveid number Builds a tesselated nurbs plane texture mapped in uv direction Example define mynewshape build nurbs plane 10 10 build particles count number Returns primitiveid number Builds a particles primitive containing num points all initially set to the origin You use the pdata functions to edit
21. treats the vector pdata as positions and if given a single vector returns the closest position to it or if given a float uses it as a index into the pdata array and returns the nearest position For most pdata operations the vast majority of the combinations of input types scheme number the vectors or pdata types will not be supported you will Page 39 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic receive a rather cryptic runtime warning message if this is the case Pdata functions Pdata ops are useful but needed to expand the idea into something more complicated to support more interesting deformations like skinning This area is messy and somewhat experimental so bear with me it should solidify in future Pdata functions pfuncs range from general purpose to complex and specialised operations which you can run on primitives All pfuncs share the same interface for controlling and setting them up The idea is that you make a set of them at startup then run them on one or many primitives later on per frame make pfunc pfunc name symbol Makes a new pfunc Takes the symbol of the names below e g make pfunc arithmetic pfunc set pfuncid number argument list Sets arguments on a primitive function The argument list consists of symbols and corresponding values pfunc run id number Runs a primitive function on the current primitiv
22. use get camera transform instead Example get camera get locked matrix Returns matrix vector Gets the current camera lock transform matrix Takes the lag into account Example get locked matrix set camera Returns void Sets the camera transform matrix This is the low level interface used by set camera transform which you should generally use instead Example set camera mtranslate vector 0 0 10 get projection transform Returns projection matrix Gets the current projection matrix Example get projection transform get screen size Returns size vector Returns a vector containing the current width and height of the window Example get screen size set screen size size vector Returns void Page 120 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Sets the window width and height Example set screen size vector 10 10 small window time set screen size vector 720 576 and back again select screenxpos number screenypos number pixelssize number Returns primitiveid number Looks in the region specified and returns the id of the closest primitive to the camera rendered there or 0 if none exist Example display select 10 10 2 newline desiredfps fps number Returns void Throttles the renderer so as to not take 10096 cpu This gives an upper limit on the fps rate which doesn t quite match
23. with state translate vector 0 5 0 scale vmul rndvec 5 colour rndvec let ob build cube active box ob set mass ob rndf 10 kick ob vmul srndvec 3 Page 93 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic twist ob vmul srndvec 2 gravity gravity vector Returns void Sets the strength and direction of gravity Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 0 collisions 1 set max physical 20 every frame begin gravity vector 0 sin time 0 change gravity when rndf 0 92 with state translate vector 0 5 0 scale rndvec colour rndvec let ob build cube active box ob kick ob vmul srndvec 3 twist ob vmul srndvec 2 kick primitiveid number kick vector Returns void Applies translation force to the object Example clear collisions 1 set max physical 20 gravity vector 0 0 0 every frame when rndf 0 92 with state scale rndvec colour rndvec let ob build cube active box ob Kick ob vmul srndvec 3 twist ob vmul srndvec 2 twist primitiveid number spin vector Returns void Page 94 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Applies rotational force to the object Example clear collisions 1 set max physical 20
24. x sin time y cos time with state translate vector x y 0 draw sphere with state translate vmul vector x y 0 3 draw sphere every frame animate This specifically restricts the use of x and y to inside the area defined by the outer let brackets Lets can also be nested inside of each other for when you need to store a value which is dependant on another value you can use let to help you out here define animate let t time 2 t is set here x sin t we can use t here Page 12 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic y cos t and here with state translate vector x y 0 draw sphere with state translate vmul vector x y 0 3 draw sphere every frame animate Lambda Lambda is a strange name but it s use is fairly straightforward Where as normally in order to make a function you need to give it a name and then use it define square x x x display square 10 newline Lambda allows you to specify a function at the point where it s used display lambda x x x 10 newline This looks a bit confusing but all we ve done is replace square with lambda x x x The reason this is useful is that for small specialised functions which won t be needed to be used anywhere else it can become very cumbersome and cluttered to have to define them all and give
25. you can also comment out expressions in scheme easily for example with state colour vector 1 0 0 draw torus translate vector 0 1 0 with state colour vector 0 1 0 draw torus Stops the interpreter from executing the second with state expression thus stopping it drawing the green torus Page 11 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Let Let is used to store temporary results An example is needed define animate with state translate vector sin time cos time 0 draw sphere with state translate vmul vector sin time cos time 0 3 draw sphere every frame animate This script draws two spheres orbiting the origin of the world You may notice that there is some calculation which is being carried out twice the sin time and the cos time It would be simpler and faster if we could calculate this once and store it to use again One way of doing this is as follows define x 0 define y 0 define animate set x sin time set y cos time with state translate vector x y 0 draw sphere with state translate vmul vector x y 0 3 draw sphere every frame animate Which is better but x and y are globally defined and could be used and changed somewhere else in the code causing confusion A better way is by using let define animate let
26. 3 colour vector 1 0 0 build torus 1 2 10 10 with primitive t hide 1 hide in all camera hide 0 unhide in current camera current camera 0 define c with state hint cull ccw hint unlit hint wire line width 2 colour vector 0 4 0 3 0 2 wire colour vector 0 0 0 scale 10 build cube Page 117 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define p with state scale 3 load primitive widget obj every frame with primitive p rotate vector 0 1 0 current camera cameraid number Returns void Sets the current camera to use Example clear viewport 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 define cam2 build camera current camera cam2 viewport 0 5 0 0 5 1 define cam3 build camera current camera cam3 set camera mmul mtranslate vector 0 0 5 mrotate vector 0 45 0 viewport 0 0 0 5 0 5 render a primitive in one view only define t with state translate vector 3 0 0 scale 0 3 colour vector 1 0 0 build torus 1 2 10 10 with primitive t hide 1 hide in all camera hide 0 unhide in current camera current camera 0 define c with state hint cull ccw hint unlit hint wire line width 2 colour vector 0 4 0 3 0 2 wire colour vector 0 0 0 scale 10 build cube define p with state scale 3 load primitive widget obj Page 118 Flux
27. Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic followed by the script filename When using the fluxus scratchpad the idea is that you only need the one window to build scripts or play live F5 or ctrl e is the key that runs the script when you are ready Selecting some text using shift and pressing f5 will execute the selected text only This is handy for re evaluating functions without running the whole script each time Camera control The camera is controlled by moving the mouse and pressing mouse buttons eft mouse button Rotate e Middle mouse button Move Right mouse button Zoom Workspaces The script editor allows you to edit 9 scripts simultaneously by using workspaces To switch workspaces use ctrl number key Only one can be run at once though hitting f5 will execute the currently active workspace script Scripts in different workspaces can be saved to different files press ctrl s to save or ctrl d to save as and enter a new filename the default filename is temp scm The REPL If you press ctrl and O instead of getting another script workspace you will be presented with a read evaluate print loop interpreter or repl for short This is really just an interactive interpreter similar to the commandline where you can enter scheme code for immediate evaluation This code is evaluated in the same interpreter as the other scripts so you can use the repl to debug or inspect global variables and functions they
28. Online http mitpress mit edu sicp full text book book html We ll start by going through some language basics which are easiest done in the fluxus scratchpad using the console mode launch fluxus and press ctrl 0 to switch to console mode Scheme as calculator Languages like Scheme are composed of two things operators things which do things and values which operators operate upon Operators are always specified first in Scheme so to add 1 and 2 we do the following fluxus 1 2 3 This looks pretty odd to begin with and takes some getting used to but it means the language has less rules and makes things easier later on It also has some other benefits in that to add 3 numbers we can simply do fluxus 1 2 3 6 It is common to nest the brackets inside one another for example fluxus gt 1 2 3 7 Naming values If we want to specify values and give them names we can use the Scheme command define fluxus define size 2 fluxus size 2 fluxus size 2 4 Naming is arguably the most important part of programming and is the simplest form of what is termed abstraction which means to separate the details e g The value 2 from the meaning size This is not important as far as the machine is concerned but it makes all the difference to you and other Page 7 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic people
29. Ray Casting sinc ttl ein le eem 45 Primitive 7 URE DEL rs aaacancamsunceriunieapmaneyensaussdandainndadiensieianiacasexseeuaaweamanuemadnas 46 E the tevin enc cache AE A A E ET 46 Primitive loading And Saving s sseserererrrrrrrrrrrrrrrnrrnrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrnrrnrnrrnrrernne 46 COLLADA format SUPPONE errenten e aa 47 Shades NNNM 47 SA EE A E E M EDS ME E 48 Turtle eM feta rare EAEE EEE E TEE 48 Notes on writing large programs in fluxus sseeeeenm n 49 cosa anc MTM TERCEROS 50 GU IOS eec EE ese 51 Making MOVIES NORTE TIT TEST 51 SynCING LO tie TT PH 51 Syncing with keyboard input for livecoding recordings esse 51 Syncing Problems TroubleshogbIfig escas rua aec Rare rae a ERR Poena du ae tun padre or CES 52 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Fluxus Iri DESCPBETIB eem etr rp pax trirbb Pb od n iciatis Vat Cli Sa d Reda 52 Miscellaneous important nuggets of information eseeeeeeeenenene 53 Getting huge framerate speeds sesseeseeeeeeeneenee nene nennen nene nnne 53 diano NR E s PP 53 Fluxus Scratchpad And MOINES eoo oRopd DEO E En Dee baculi an ETE REN een ERE ExR aber Fan 53 Beiter ease wise e reticle derelict a Ga ed a E EAE i h 54 Saheme Modules NOTTE 54 rc A A A A E A
30. amount of audio gets read for each frame making syncing of the frames and audio files possible Example process somemusic wav read a precorded audio file smoothing bias value number Returns void A kind of weighted average for the harmonic bands which smooth them out over time This setting defaults to 1 5 The best value really depends on the quality of the music and the buffer sizes and ranges from 0 gt 2 It s more obvious if you give it a try with the bars scm script Example smoothing bias 0 no smoothing update audio Returns void Updates the audio subsytem This function is called for you per frame in fluxus canvas ss Example update audio Page 111 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic global state Description Global state is really anything that controls the renderer globally so it affects all primitives or controls the renderer directly ie camera control or full screen effects like blurring clear engine Returns void Clears the renderer and physics system This command should not be called directly use clear instead as this clears a few other things and calls clear engine itself Example clear engine woo hoo blur amount number Returns void Sets the full screen blur setting Less is more but if you set it too low it will make the on screen editing impossible to read so save your
31. an event occurs the anonymous function is run which creates an object moving away from the origin Left like this frisbee would eventually slow down to a crawl as more and more cubes are created So the factory also takes a third parameter which is the maximum number of things it can have alive at any time Once 5 objects have been created it will recycle them and remove the oldest objects Frisbee come with some built in events which we can visualise with this script scene factory lambda e object Z translate vec3 integral 0 1 0 0 keyboard 5 Which spawns a cube each time a key is pressed on the keyboard So far we have been ignoring the event which gets passed into our little cube making function but as the events the keyboard spits out are the keys which have been pressed we can make use of them thusly scene factory lambda e if char e a make a bigger cube if a is pressed object translate vec3 integral 0 1 0 0 scale vec3 2 2 2 object translate vec3 integral 0 1 0 0 keyboard 5 Converting behaviours to events You can create events when a behaviour changes scene factory lambda e object Z translate vec3 integral 0 1 0 0 when e mouse x 200 5 Particles Frisbee comes with it s own particle system primitive which makes it easy to make Page 61 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Ge
32. is created you can use a list of parameters See the example for more explanation Use id for adding more texture data to existing textures as mipmap levels or cube map faces Note if turning mipmapping off and only specifing one texture it should be set to mip level 0 and you ll need to turn the min and mag filter settings to linear or nearest See texture params Example simple usage texture load texture mytexture png build cube the cube will be texture mapped with the image complex usages the options list can contain the following keys and values id texture id number for adding images to existing textures for mipmapping and cubemapping type texture 2d cube map positive x cube map negative x cube map positive y i cube map negative y cube map positive z cube map negative z generate mipmaps exact integer 0 or 1 mip level exact integer border exact integer Setup an environment cube map define t load texture cube left png list type cube map positive x load texture cube right png list id t type cube map negative x load texture cube top png list id t type cube map positive y load texture cube bottom png list id t type cube map negative y load texture cube front png list id t type cube map positive z load texture cube back png list id t type cube map negative z texture t Page 114 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licens
33. licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic hide hidden number Returns void Sets the hidden state for the current primitive also affects all child primitives Hidden primitives can be treated as normal in every way they just won t be rendered Example define obj build cube grab obj hide 1 hide this cube ungrab camera hide hidden number Returns void Sets the hidden state for the current primitive with the current camera also affects all child primitives Allows you to turn off rendering for primitives under different cameras Example define obj build cube with primitive obj camera hide 1 hide this cube selectable selectable number Returns void Sets whether the current primitive can be selected or not using the select command Example define obj build cube grab obj selectable 0 now it won t be seen by calling select ungrab backfacecull setting number Returns void Turns backface culling on or off Backface culling speeds up rendering by removing faces not orientated towards the camera Defaults to on but this is not always desired eg for double sided polygons Example backfacecull 0 Page 138 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic shader vertexprogram string fragmentprogram string Returns void Loads compiles and sets the GLSL harware shader pair for the c
34. licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic keys special down Returns keys list Returns a list of special keys pressed down Example display keys special down mouse x Returns coord number Returns the x position of the mouse Example display mouse x mouse y Returns coord number Returns the y position of the mouse Example display mouse y mouse button Returns boolean Returns true if the specifed mouse button is pressed Example display mouse button 1 mouse wheel Returns boolean Returns 1 if the mouse wheel was moved in one direction in the last frame or 1 if it was turned the other way otherwise returns O Example display mouse wheel mouse over Returns primitiveid number Page 166 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Returns the object the mouse is currently over Example grab mouse over colour vector 1 0 0 paints objects the mouse is over red ungrab every frame callback function Returns void Sets a function to be called every time the render is about to draw a new frame Example define myfunc colour rndvec draw torus every frame myfunc clear Returns void Clears out the renderer of all objects and lights Clears the physics system and resets the every frame callback Generally a Good Thing to put this at the beginning of scrip
35. ll need to call this first or put it into HOME fluxus scm to call it automatically at startup Make the jack port name an empty string and it won t try to connect to anything for you You can use gjackctrl or equivelent to do the connection manually Fluxus reads a single mono source Example start audio alsa pcm capture 1 1024 44100 gh harmonic number Returns harmonic real Fluxus converts incoming audio into harmonic frequencies which can then be plugged into your animations using this command There are 16 harmonic bands availible the harmonic value argument will be wrapped around if greater or less than 16 so you can use this command without worrying about out of range errors Example Page 110 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define animate colour vector gh 1 gh 2 gh 3 make a colour from the harmonics and set it to be the current colour draw cube draw a cube with this colour every frame animate gain gain number Returns void Sets the gain level for the fft sound it s 1 by default Example gain 100 too quiet process wavfile string Returns void This command temporarally disables the realtime reading of the input audio stream and reads a wav file instead For use with the framedump command to process audio offline to make music videos The advantage of this is that it locks the framerate so the right
36. movement define animate with primitive obj identity translate vector fmod time 5 0 0 make a jittery movement every frame animate camera lag amount number Returns void The camera locking has an inbuilt lagging which means it will smoothly blend the movement relative to the primitive it s locked to Example clear define obj build cube make a cube for the camera to lock to with state make a background cube so we can tell what s happening hint wire hint unlit Page 113 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic texture load texture test png colour vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 scale vector 20 10 10 build cube lock camera obj lock the camera to our first cube camera lag 0 1 set the lag amount this will smooth out the cube jittery movement define animate with primitive obj identity translate vector fmod time 5 0 0 make a jittery movement every frame animate load texture pngfilename string optional create params list Returns textureid number Loads a texture from disk converts it to a texture and returns the id number The texture loading is memory cached so repeatedly calling this will not cause it to load again The cache can be cleared with clear texture cache The png may be RGB or RGBA to use alpha transparency To get more control how your texture
37. mutable vel mutable root This define struct also generates the following functions set robot pos robot vector 1 0 0 set robot vel robot vector 0 0 1 0 So you can change the values in the program For a full example see the file dancing robots scm in the examples directory Page 50 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Classes Making Movies Fluxus is designed for real time use this means interactive performance or games mainly but you can also use the frame dump commands to save out frames which can be converted to movies This process can be fairly complex if you want to sync visuals to audio osc or keyboard input Used alone frame dumping will simply save out frames as fast as your machine can render and save them to disk This is useful in some cases but not if we want to create a movie at a fixed frame rate but with the same timing as they are generated at ie synced with an audio track at 25fps Syncing to audio The process command does several things it switches the audio from the jack input source to a file but it also makes sure that every buffer of audio is used to produce exactly one frame Usually in real time operation audio buffers will be skipped or duplicated depending on the variable frame rate and fixed audio rate So what this actually means is that if we want to produce video at 25fps with audio at 441
38. need as many levels as it takes you to get to 1X1 pixels from your level 0 texture size define t2 load texture m0 png list generate mipmaps mip level 0 Page 23 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic load texture ml png list id t2 generate mipmaps 0 mip level 1 load texture m2 png list id t2 generate mipmaps 0 mip level 2 load texture m3 png list id t2 generate mipmaps 0 mip level 3 This shows how you can load multiple images into one texture and is how the depth of field effect was achieved in the image above You can also use a GLSL shader to select mip levels according to some other source Cubemapping Cubemapping is set up in a similar way to mipmapping but is used for somewhat different reasons Cubemapping is an approximation of an effect where a surface reflects the environment around it which in this case is described by six textures representing the 6 EE 6 The result of setting an cubemap reflection on a sides of a cube around the object define t load texture cube left png list type cube map positive x load texture cube right png list id t type cube map negative x load texture cube top png list id t type cube map positive y load texture cube bottom png list id t type cube map negative y load texture cube front png list id t type cube map positive z
39. nodulo i d Ribbon primitives sei genset w Ribbon primitives are similar to btur 0 particles in that they are either NS hardware rendered lines or camera EX GEM a a facing textured quads This primitive ey AN draws a single line connecting each Illustration 20 A textured ribbon primitive Page 33 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic pdata vertex element together The texture is stretched along the ribbon from the start to the end and width wise across the line The width can be set per vertex to change the shape of the line build line num points Pdata Types Use Name Data Type Ribbon vertex position p 3 vector Ribbon vertex colour C 3 vector Ribbon vertex width Ww number Geometry hints Ribbon primitives default to render camera facing quads You can also switch them to draw wire frame lines in screen space with primitive myline hint none turns off solid which is default mode hint wire turn on lines rendering The wire frame lines can be scaled in pixel space using line width The lines also pick up the colour pdata information Text primitive Text primitives allow you to create text based on texture fonts The font assumed to be non proportional there is an example font shipped with fluxus texture load texture font png build text text string The primitive makes a set of quads one f
40. now be moved by this transform in addition to its own ungrab line width value Returns void Sets the line width in screen space of the current drawing state or the current primitive Affects wireframe and things like that Example line width 5 hint wire build sphere 10 10 make a sphere with thick wireframe point width value Returns void Sets the point width in screen space of the current drawing state or the current primitive Affects point rendering and particles in hardware point mode Example point width 5 hint points build sphere 10 10 make a sphere with thick points blend mode src dst Returns void Sets the blend mode of the current drawing state or the current primitive This is the way that alpha is composited to the rendering surface Blendmode symbols can consist of zero one dst color one minus dst color src alpha one minus src alpha dst alpha one minus dst alpha Also src alpha saturate as an option for the source blendmode only Example list out all the possible blendmodes define src blend vector zero one dst color one minus dst color src alpha one minus src alpha dst alpha one minus dst alpha src alpha saturate define dst blend vector zero one dst color one minus dst color src alpha one minus src alpha dst alpha one minus dst alpha Page 131 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5
41. number whether to skin the normals as well as the positions Example define mypfunc make pfunc arithmetic pfunc set pfuncid number argument list Returns void Sets arguments on a primitive function See docs for make pfunc for all the Page 156 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic arguments Example define mypfunc make pfunc arithmetic pfunc set mypfunc list operator add src p const 0 4 dst p pfunc run id number Returns void Runs a primitive function on the currently grabbed primitive Example define mypfunc make pfunc arithmetic line intersect start vec end vec Returns void Returns a list of pdata values at each intersection point of the specified line Example clear define s with state build torus 1 2 10 10 define l with state hint none hint unlit hint wire build line 2 define check a b with primitive s for each lambda intersection with state draw a sphere at the intersection point translate cdr assoc p intersection colour vector 0 1 0 scale vector 0 3 0 3 0 3 draw sphere line intersect a b every frame with primitive l pdata set p 0 vector 0 5 0 pdata set p 1 vector 5 sin time 5 0 check pdata ref p 0 pdata ref p 1 Page 157 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creati
42. of euler angles or a quaternion Example mrotate vector 0 45 0 mscale vector Returns matrix vector Returns a matrix representing the specified scaling Example mscale vector 0 5 2 0 5 mtranspose matrix vector Returns matrix vector Returns the transpose of the input vector Example mtranspose mident Page 99 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic minverse matrix vector Returns matrix vector Returns the inverse of the input vector Example minverse mscale vector 0 5 2 0 5 maim aim vector up vector Returns matrix vector Returns a matrix representing an aiming rotation so that the x axis points down the aim direction and the y axis points up the up vector Probably suffers from gimbal lock Example maim vector 0 0 1 vector 0 1 0 qaxisangle axis vector angle number Returns quaternion vector Returns the quaternion representing rotation of angle degrees about the specified axis Example qaxisangle vector 0 1 0 45 qmul quaternion vector quaternion vector Returns quaternion vector Multiplies two quaternions together Example qmul qaxisangle vector 1 0 45 qaxisangle vector 0 0 1 180 qnormalise quaternion vector Returns quaternion vector Normalises a quaternion Example qnormalise qaxisangle vector 0 19 0 45 Page 100 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licens
43. reading code you have written In this example we only have to specify the value of size once after that all uses of it in the code can refer to it by name making the code much easier to understand and maintain Naming procedures Naming values is very useful but we can also name operations or collections of them to make the code simpler for us fluxus define square x x x fluxus square 10 100 fluxus square 2 4 Look at this definition carefully there are several things to take into account Firstly we can describe the procedure definition in English as To define square of x multiply x by itself The x is called an argument to the procedure and like the size define above it s name doesn t matter to the machine so fluxus define square apple apple apple Will perform exactly the same work Again it is important to name these arguments so they actually make some sort of sense otherwise you end up very confused Now we are abstracting operations or behaviour rather than values and this can be seen as adding to the vocabulary of the Scheme language with our own words so we now have a square procedure we can use it to make other procedures fluxus define sum of squares x y square x square y fluxus sum of squares 10 2 104 The newline and white space tab after the define above is just a text formatting convention and means that you can visually separate the descriptio
44. rndbary normal Returns vector Returns a vector representing a random point on a hemisphere defined by normal Example clear hint none hint points point width 4 define p build particles 1000 show axis 1 with primitive p pdata map lambda p vector 1 1 1 c pdata map Lambda p rndhemi vector 0 1 0 p hrndbary normal Returns vector Returns a vector representing a random point on a hollow hemisphere defined by normal Page 79 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Example clear hint none hint points point width 4 define p build particles 1000 show axis 1 with primitive p pdata map lambda p vector 1 1 1 gwy pdata map lambda p hrndhemi vector 0 1 0 p pdata for each tri sample proc samples per triangle Returns void Calls proc with the triangle indices and a random barycentric coord Example pdata for each tri sample proc samples per triangle Returns void Calls proc with the triangle indices and a random barycentric coord Example occlusion texture bake tex prim samples per face rays per sample ray length debug Returns void Bakes ambient occlusion textures See ambient occlusion scm for more info Example Page 80 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic
45. save primitive mymesh obj Page 149 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic build pixels width number height number Returns primitiveid number Makes a new pixel primitive A pixel primitive is used for making procedural textures which can then be applied to other primitives For this reason pixel primitives probably wont be rendered much but you can render them to preview the texture on a flat plane Example define mynewshape build pixels 100 100 with primitive mynewshape pdata map lambda c rndvec c pixels upload call pixels upload to see the results pixels upload Returns void Uploads the texture data you need to call this when you ve finished writing to the pixelprim and while it s grabbed Example define mynewshape build pixels 100 100 with primitive mynewshape pdata map lambda c rndvec wer pixels upload call pixels upload to see the results pixels gt texture pixelprimitiveid number Returns textureid number Returns a texture you can use exactly like a normal loaded one Example define mypixels build pixels 100 100 with primitive mypixels pdata map lambda c rndvec c pixels upload with state texture pixels gt texture mypixels build torus 1 2 10 10 Page 150 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Sh
46. seconds from now lambda display hello future newline Page 169 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic high level scratchpad docs Description Some useful high level documentation lives here this won t make much sense if you are reading this in a different place from the help system in the fluxus scratchpad app but it might be useful anyway tophelp Returns Example Fluxus documentation act of a flowing a continuous moving on or passing by as of a flowing stream a continuous succession of changes Fluxus is a realtime rendering engine for livecoding in Scheme For more detailed docs see fluxus docs fluxus documentation txt The fluxus scratchpad has two modes of operation the console you are using this now which allows you to enter commands and see the results immediately The other mode is the editor which is more like a normal text editor there are 9 workspaces which allow you to edit more than one script at once switch to them using ctrl 1 to ctrl 9 and switch back to the console with ctrl 0 To copy paste examples hit the right cursor until you move behind the prompt navigate to the example use shift to select it press ctrl c to copy then ctrl 0 and ctrl v to paste into a text buffer More help topics help keys for keyboard commands for controlling fluxus help console for more help on the console help
47. symbol Returns primitiveid number Builds a raw polygon primitive with size vertices everything is initially set to zero Type is a symbol that refers to the way the vertices are interpreted to build polygons and can be one of the following triangle strip quad list triangle list triangle fan polygon Example Page 144 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define mynewshape build polygons 100 triangle strip build sphere slices number stacks number Returns primitiveid number A sphere with the resolution specified texture mapped in normal world map style Example define mynewshape build sphere 10 10 build torus inner radius number outer radius number slices number stacks number Returns primitiveid number A torus with the resolution specified control the size and thickness of the donut with the inner and outer radius Example define mynewshape build torus 0 5 1 12 12 build plane Returns primitiveid number A single quad plane texture mapped from 0 21 in both dimensions Example define mynewshape build plane build seg plane vertsx number vertsy number Returns primitiveid number A tesselated poly plane texture mapped from 0 21 in both dimensions Example define mynewshape build plane build cylinder hsegments rsegments Returns primitiveid number A capped cylinder texture map wrapped around and badly w
48. t vadd vector 0 5 0 5 0 vmul t 2 t Multitexturing Fluxus allows you to apply pipas more than one texture to a primitive at once You can combine textures together and set them to multiply add or alpha blend together in different ways This is used in games mainly as a way of using texture memory more efficiently by separating light maps from diffuse colour maps or applying detail maps which repeat over the top blend blend decal blend modulate madulate modulate decal modulate blend modulate replace Illustration 5 An example showing every combination of the four types of texture environment blends with two textures Page 22 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic of lower resolution colour maps You have 8 slots to put textures in and set them with multitexture texture unit number texture The default texture unit is O so multitexture 0 load texture test png Is exactly the same as texture load texture test png This is a simple multitexturing example clear with primitive build torus 1 2 20 20 multitexture 0 load texture test png multitexture 1 load texture refmap png By default all the textures share the t pdata as their texture coordinates but each texture also looks for it s own coordinates to use in preference These are named t1 t2 t3 and so on up to t7 clear with
49. to the procedure as the first argument Instancing Sometimes retained mode primitives can be unwieldy to deal with For instance if you are rendering thousands of identical objects or doing things with recursive graphics where you are calling the same primitive in lots of different states keeping track of all the Ids would be annoying to say the least This is where instancing is helpful all you call is draw instance myobj Will redraw any given object in the current state immediate mode An Page 29 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic example define myobj build nurbs sphere 8 10 make a sphere define render spheres n cond not zero n with state translate vector n 0 0 move in x draw instance myobj Stamp down a copy render spheres n 1 recurse every frame render spheres 10 draw 10 copies Built In Immediate Mode Primitives To make life even easier than having to instance primitives there are some built in primitives that can be rendered at any time without being built draw cube draw sphere draw plane draw cylinder For example define render spheres n cond not zero n with state translate vector n 0 0 move in x draw sphere render a new sphere render spheres n 1 recurse every frame render spheres 10 draw 10 copies These built in primitives a
50. various operations It can involve changing the shape of a primitive in a way not possible via a transform i e bending warping etc or modifying texture coordinates or colours to achieve a per vertex effect Deformation in this way is also the only way to get particle primitives to do anything interesting Deforming is all about pdata so to deform an entire object you do something like the following hint unlit hint wire line width 4 define myobj build sphere 10 10 Illustration 25 A sphere being deformed with primitive myobj pdata map lambda p add a small random vector to the original point vadd vmul rndvec 0 1 p pp When deforming geometry moving the positions of the vertices is not usually enough the normals will need to be updated for the lighting to work correctly recalc normals smooth Will regenerate the normals for polygon and nurbs primitives based on the vertex positions Not particularly fast it is better to deform the normals in your script if you can If smooth is 1 the face normals are averaged with the coincident face normals to give a smooth appearance When working on polygon primitives fluxus will cache certain results so it will be a lot slower on the first calculation than subsequent calls on the same Page 37 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic primitive User Pdata As well as the standard i
51. volume amount number Returns void Sets the global volume Example volume 2 5 pan pan number Returns void Sets the global pan where 1 is left and 1 is right probably Example pan 0 max synths number Returns void Sets the maximum amount of synth graphs fluxa will run at the same time This Page 67 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic is a processor usage safeguard when the count is exceeded the oldest synth graph will be stopped so it s nodes can be recycled The default count is 10 Example max synths 10 searchpath path string Returns void Add a searchpath to use when looking for samples Example searchpath path to my samples eq bass number middle number high number Returns void Sets a simple global equaliser This is more as a last resort when performing without a mixer Example eq 2 1 0 5 bass boost comp attack number release number threshold number slope number Returns void A global compressor Not sure if this works yet Example comp 0 1 0 1 0 5 3 note note number Returns frequency number Returns the frequency for the supplied note Fluxa uses just intonation by default Example comp 0 1 0 1 0 5 3 reset Returns void Resets the server Page 68 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Example reset clock
52. which joint types they apply to Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 1 collisions 1 define shapel with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shapel define shape2 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shape2 define j build hinge2joint shapel shape2 vector 0 0 0 vector 1 0 0 vector 0 1 0 joint param j Vel2 0 1 joint param j FMax2 0 2 joint param j LoStop 0 75 joint param j HiStop 0 75 set physics debug t Page 91 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic joint angle jointid number angle number vel number Returns void Set a new angle for this joint with a given velocity taken to get there Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 1 collisions 1 define shapel with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shapel define shape2 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shape2 define j build hingejoint shapel shape2 vector 0 vector 0 1 0 joint param j FMax 20 joint param j LoStop 1 joint param j HiStop 1 set physics debug t define animate joint angle j 0 1 5 sin time joint slide jointid number force Returns void Applies the given force in the slider s direction That is it applies a force with magnitude force in the dir
53. 0 make light type symbol cameralocked symbol Returns lightid number Makes a new light The type can be one of point directional or spot If the cameralocked string is not free then it will be attached to the camera and move around when you move the camera Example turn off the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 0 define mylight make light point free light position mylight vector 5 2 0 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 light ambient lightid number colour Returns void Sets the ambient contribution for the specified light Example turn off the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 Page 103 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define mylight make light point free light position mylight vector 5 2 0 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 s
54. 00 samplerate 44100 25 1764 audio samples per frame Set your start audio buffer setting to this size Then all you need to do is make sure the calls to process and start framedump happen on the same frame so that the first frame is at the start of the audio As this process is not real time you can set your resolution as large as you want or make the script as complex as you like Syncing with keyboard input for livecoding recordings You can use the keypress recorder to save livecoding performances and rerender them later To use the key press recorder start fluxus with r or p see in fluxus docs for more info It records the timing of each keypress to a file it can then replay them at different frame rates correctly The keypress recorder works with the process command in the same way as the audio does you always need an audio track even if it s silence So the recorder will advance the number of seconds per frame as it renders rather than using the real time clock so again you can make the rendering as slow as you like it will appear correct when you view the movie Recording OSC messages is also possible for storing things like gamepad activity Let me know if you want to do this Page 51 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Syncing Problems Troubleshooting Getting the syncing right when combining audio input can be a bit tricky S
55. 1 1 0 0 draw row count 1 every frame draw row 10 Be careful with the brackets the fluxus editor should help you by highlighting the region each bracket corresponds to Run this script and you should see a row of 10 cubes You can build a lot out of the concepts in this script so take some time over this bit Cond is used to ask questions and it can ask as many as you like it checks them in order and does the first one which is true In the script above we are only asking one question not zero Count if this is true if count is anything other than zero we will draw a cube move a bit and then call our self again Importantly the next time we call draw row we do so with one taken off count If count is O we don t do anything at all the procedure exits without doing anything So to put it together draw row is called with count as 10 by every frame We enter the draw row function and ask a question is count 0 No so carry on draw a cube move a bit call draw row again with count as 9 Enter draw row again is count 0 No and so on After a while we call draw row with count as O nothing happens and all the other functions exit We have drawn 10 cubes Recursion is a very powerful idea and it s very well suited to visuals and concepts like self similarity It is also nice for quickly making very complex graphics with scripts not very much bigger than this one Animation Well now you ve got throu
56. 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 scale vector 10 10 10 translate vector 0 5 0 5 0 build seg plane 20 20 light spot exponent lightid number exponent number Returns void Sets the spotlight exponent fuzzyness of the cone of the specified light If it s not a spot light this command has no effect Example turn down the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 1 0 1 0 1 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 0 define mylight make light spot free light position mylight vector 4 crndf crndf 2 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 light spot angle mylight 5 random 40 light spot exponent mylight 500 light attenuation mylight constant 1 light direction mylight vector 1 0 1 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 scale vector 10 10 10 translate vector 0 5 0 5 0 build seg plane 20 20 light attenuation lightid number type symbol attenuation number Returns void Sets the light attenuation fade off with distance of the specified light The type symbol can be one of constant linear or quadratic Example Page 106 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons
57. Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic turn down the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 1 0 1 0 1 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 define mylight make light spot free light position mylight vector 4 crndf crndf 2 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 light spot angle mylight 5 random 40 light spot exponent mylight 500 light attenuation mylight constant 1 light direction mylight vector 1 0 1 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 scale vector 10 10 10 translate vector 0 5 0 5 0 build seg plane 20 20 light direction lightid number direction vector Returns void Sets the direction of a directional light If it s not a directional light this command has no effect Example turn down the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 1 0 1 0 1 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 define mylight make light spot free light position mylight vector 4 crndf crndf 2 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 light spot angle mylight 5 random 40 light spot exponent mylight 500 light attenuation mylight constant 1 light direction mylig
58. Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic identity Returns void Sets the drawing state transform to identity on the state stack or the current primitive Example define mycube with state scale vector 22 2 set the current scale to double in each dimension build cube make a scaled cube with primitive mycube identity erases the transform and puts the cube back to its original state concat matrix Returns void Concatenates multiplies a matrix on to the current drawing state or current primitive Example define mymatrix mrotate vector O0 45 0 make a matrix concat mymatrix concat it into the current state build cube make a cube with this rotation translate vector Returns void Applies a translation to the current drawing state transform or current primitive Example translate vector 1 4 0 translates the current transform up a bit build cube build a cube with this transform rotate vector or quaternion Returns void Applies a rotation to the current drawing state transform or current primitive Example rotate vector 0 45 0 turns 45 degrees in the Y axis build cube build a cube with this transform Page 128 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic scale vector Returns void Applies a scale to the current drawing state transform or current primitive Example sc
59. FRP we can describe the scene with the behaviours built in The idea is that this makes programs smaller and simpler to modify thus making the process of programming more creative A simple frisbee scene This is the simplest frisbee scene require fluxus 015 frisbee scene object scene is the main frisbee command it is used to define a list of objects and their behaviours object creates a solid object by default a cube of course We can modify our object by using optional keyword parameters they work Page 58 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic like this scene object shape sphere This sets the shape of the object there are some built in shapes object shape cube object shape sphere object shape torus object shape cylinder Or you can also load in obj files to make your own shapes object shape mushroom obj These object files are relative to where you launch fluxus or they can also live somewhere in the searchpaths for fluxus which you can set up in your fluxus scm script using searchpath If we want to change the colour of our cube we can add a new parameter object colour vec3 1 0 0 The vec3 specifies the rgb colour so this makes a red cube Note that frisbee uses vec3 to make it s vectors rather than vector Here are the other parameters you can set on an
60. Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic parameters are the following tex env modulate decal blend replace min nearest linear nearest mipmap nearest linear mipmap nearest linear mipmap linear mag nearest linear wrap s clamp repeat wrap t clamp repeat wrap r clamp repeat for cube maps border colour vector of length 4 priority real number 0 gt 1 env colour vector of length 4 min lod real number for mipmap blending default 1000 max lod real number for mipmap blending default 1000 texture params 0 min nearest mag nearest primitive data Description Primitive data pdata for short is fluxus name for data which comprises primitives In polygon primitives this means the vertex information in particle primitives it corresponds to the particle information in NURBS primitives it s the control vertices Access to pdata gives you the ability to use primitives which are otherwise not very interesting and deform and shape other primitives to give much more detailed models and animations You can also add your own pdata which is treated exactly like the built in types Primitive data is named by type strings the names of which depend on the sort of primitive All pdata commands operate on the currently grabbed primitive Example a function to deform the points of an object define
61. Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Fluxus Manual 0 16 LETS X0 E OTeT 3 016 PPO GEC TA RO TRRR e Me let tati RRTNONT Q User GUId IO KE Eis MEE LT iranan EEEE Ea a a E Naming Beide mili DE ETE OO D OST Maki g Somme SIVA G uei ene oesea spem us e a Gib rrad NR ORE EnR aa Bua itd Tm RECURSO ERIT TNR 10 ANIMAN E TTE TT Lc 10 MRNA AE IET NNI S TTE 11 COMMEN NOE 11 Material DEODOITIGS oisecsmu base ES eranan POPE terrenus mex RUE SEU AN Epp 19 B otis seared s cre TENE 20 Ie RESI ASIE ET TO DITE TETTE 20 Texture coordiniates iiues csse en emi n cibi cs e C RE ddl e a e Rc dn 21 Texture IM Lui OCT 21 PO TR SURE A O e E bleu ie e EE E a a ek E 22 MEDAN assina erae EEEE AEE LEES PEN 23 ITI ei d 24 LEGEM vco Er A EEEE E CR RIC uU Ens box EEEE T ROREM RENE 24 ShadowS TNT CT 25 Problems with SHAG OWS i isses seseevbezttatYaadiacaiiusau dux i dE bg bi ed dad a esca d a baba tes add 26 Render MM Eara aa ELTERN 26 About PrIM VES sainan vette lca wat EEEE rarae tH A 27 RM SITAM E 2 E E E A EN 27 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Primitive Data Arrays aka PAGE see ceri we thua du Sua e xU eU pr EP pb EM es 28 As IS TS LATO Pn o dL A crac ex ccs ded eR TR RN 29 Stane serre S 29 Built In Imme
62. Generic picks a random element define pick rnd item l vector ref l random vector length 1 make lots of random spheres define rnd sphere n push hint depth sort opacity 0 5 colour vector flxrnd flxrnd flxrnd set a random blendmode blend mode pick rnd item src blend pick rnd item dst blend translate vector flxrnd flxrnd flxrnd scale vector 0 1 0 1 0 1 build sphere 10 10 if par zero n 0 rnd sphere n 1 clear clear colour vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 rnd sphere 100 hint solid Returns void Sets the render hints to solid of the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint solid this is the default render style so this isn t too exciting build cube make a solid rendered cube hint wire Returns void Sets the render hints to wireframe of the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint wire build cube make a wirefame rendered cube Page 132 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic hint wire stippled Returns void Set
63. I event as a string for debugging purposes Example display midi peek newline turtle Description The turtle polybuilder is an experimental way of building polygonal objects using a logo style turtle in 3D space As you drive the turtle around you can place vertices and build shapes procedurally The turtle can also be used to deform existing polygonal primitives by attaching it to objects you have already created Example define build n turtle reset turtle prim 4 build loop n n turtle build define build loop n t turtle turn vector 0 360 t 0 turtle move 1 Page 82 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic turtle vert if n 1 0 build loop n 1 t turtle prim type number Returns void Starts building a new polygon primitive with the turtle The type specifies the polygon face type and is one of the following 0 triangle strip 1 quad list 2 triangle list 3 triangle fan 4 general polygon Example turtle prim 0 turtle vert Returns void Creates a new vertex in the current position or sets the current vertex if the turtle builder is attached Example turtle vert turtle build Returns primitiveid number Builds the object with the vertex list defined and gives it to the renderer Has no effect if the turtle builder is attached to a primitive Example define mynewshape tur
64. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic sample sample filename string frequency number or node Returns node id number Creates a sample playback node Example play now sample helicopter wav 440 crush signal node frequency number or node bit depth number or node Returns node id number Creates a crush effect node Example play now crush sine 440 0 4 8 distort signal node amount number or node Returns node id number Creates a distortion effect node Example play now distort sine 440 0 9 klip signal node amount number or node Returns node id number Creates a hard clipping distortion effect node Example play now klip sine 440 0 9 echo signal node delay time number or node feedback number or node Returns node id number Creates a hard clipping distortion effect node Example play now klip sine 440 0 9 Page 66 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic play time node Returns void Plays a supplied node at the specified time Example play time now 10 mul adsr 0 0 1 0 0 sine 440 play now node Returns void Plays a supplied node as soon as possible Example play now mul adsr 0 0 1 0 0 sine 440 fluxa debug true or false Returns void Turns on or off fluxa debugging the server will print information out to stdout Example fluxa debug t
65. aces which get backface culled Example hint cull ccw build sphere 10 10 make an inside out texture textureid number Returns void Sets the texture of the current drawing state or the current primitive Texture ids can be generated by the load texture function Example texture load texture mytexture png build sphere 10 10 make a sphere textured with mytexture png multitexture textureunit number textureid number Returns void Sets the texture of the current drawing state or the current primitive in the same way as the texture function but allows you to specify the texture unit 0 7 to apply the texture to Multitexturing allows you to apply different textures and texture coordinates to the same object at once Texture unit O is the default one which uses the pdata t for it s texture coords texture unit n looks for pdata tn ie multitexture 1 looks for t1 You need to add these yourself using pdata add or pdata copy Multitexturing is useful when the textures contain alpha as they can be overlayed i e decals placed on background textures Example clear define p build torus 1 2 20 20 with primitive p multitexture load texture refmap png multitexture 1 load texture transp png print scene graph Returns void Prints out the current scene graph useful for debugging Example print scene graph exciting Page 137 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is
66. age 18 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic clear define my cube build cube every frame with primitive my cube rotate vector 45 delta 0 0 The cube will rotate at the same speed everywhere 45 degrees per second The normal time command is not too useful on it s own as it returns an ever increasing number it doesn t mean much for animation A common way to tame it is pass it through sin to get a sine wave clear define my cube build cube every frame with primitive my cube rotate vector 45 sin time 0 0 This is also framerate independent and gives you a value from 1 to 1 to play with You can also record the time when the script starts to sequence events to happen clear define my cube build cube define start time time record the time now every frame when time start time 5 when the script has been running for 5 seconds with primitive my cube rotate vector 45 delta 0 0 Material properties Now you can create and light some primitives we can also look more at changing their appearance other than simply setting their colour The surface parameters can be treated exactly like the rest of the local state items like transforms in that they can either be set using the state stack when building primitives or set and changed later using with primitive Line and poin
67. ale vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 scales the current transform to half the size build cube build a cube with this transform get transform Returns matrix vector Returns a matrix representing the current state transform or for the current primitive Example clear build a hierarchy define a with state colour vector 1 0 5 0 5 build cube define b with state colour vector 0 5 1 0 5 parent a translate vector 2 0 0 build cube define c with state colour vector 0 5 0 5 1 parent b translate vector 2 0 0 build cube define animate animate the heirarchy with primitive a rotate vector 0 O0 sin time with primitive b rotate vector 0 O0 sin time with primitive c rotate vector 0 O0 sin time position a yellow sphere with c s local transform with state concat with primitive c get transform opacity 0 5 colour vector 1 1 0 draw sphere position a purple sphere with c s global transform with state concat with primitive c get global transform opacity 0 5 colour vector 1 0 1 draw sphere every frame animate Page 129 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic get global transform Returns matrix vector Returns a matrix representing the current global transform for the current primitive Example clear build a hierarchy define a
68. alias in the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint anti alias build cube display a smoothed cube hint unlit Returns void Sets the render hints to unlit in the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint unlit build cube display an unlit cube hint vertcols Returns void Sets the render hints to use vertex colours in the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Vertex colours override the current colour state Example clear hint vertcols define mycube build cube make a cube with vertcols enabled with primitive mycube pdata map lambda c rndvec randomise the vertcols 563 hint box Returns void Sets the render hints to bounding box display in the current drawing state or Page 134 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may
69. and everything is drawn once per frame Fluxus contains a structure known as a scene graph for storing objects and their render states Time for another example clear clear the scenegraph colour vector 1 0 0 build cube add a red cube to the scenegraph translate vector 2 0 0 colour vector 0 1 0 build cube add a green cube to the scenegraph This code does not have to be called by every frame and we use build cube instead of draw cube The build functions create a primitive object copy the current render state and add the information into the scene graph in a container called a scene node The build functions there are a lot of them return object id s which are just numbers which enable you to reference the scene node after it s been created You can now specify objects like this define myob build cube The cube will now be persistent in the scene until destroyed with destroy myob with state returns the result of it s last expression so to make new primitives with state you set up you can do this define my object with state colour vector 1 0 0 scale vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 build cube If you want to modify a object s render state after it s been loaded into the scene graph you can use with primitive to set the current context to that of the object This allows you to animate objects you have built for instance build some cubes colour vector 1 1 1 define obj1 bu
70. are Alike 2 5 Generic pixels width Returns width number Returns the width of the current pixel primitive Example define mynewshape build pixels 100 100 with primitive mynewshape display vector pixels width pixels height newline pixels height Returns width number Returns the height of the current pixel primitive Example define mynewshape build pixels 100 100 with primitive mynewshape display vector pixels width pixels height newline build blobby numinfluences subdivisionsvec boundingvec Returns primitiveid number Blobby primitives are a higher level implicit surface representation in fluxus which is defined using influences in 3 dimesional space These infuences are then summed together and a particular value is meshed using the marching cubes algorithm to form a smooth surface The influences can be animated and the smooth surface moves and deforms to adapt giving the primitive it s blobby name build blobby returns a new blobby primitive Numinfluences is the number of blobs Subdivisions allows you to control the resolution of the surface in each dimension while boundingvec sets the bounding area of the primitive in local object space The mesh will not be calculated outside of this area Influence positions and colours need to be set using pdata set Example clear define b build blobby 5 vector 30 30 30 vector 1 1 1 with primitive b shinyness 100 specular ve
71. ative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Mapping Folding The pdata set And pdata ref procedures are useful but there is a more powerful way of deforming primitives Map and fold relate to the scheme functions for list processing it s probably a good idea to play with them to get a good understanding of what these are doing pdata map Procedure read write pdata name read pdata name Maps over pdata arrays think of it as a for every pdata element and writes the result of procedure into the first pdata name array An example using pdata map to invert normals on a primitive define p build sphere 10 10 with primitive p pdata map lambda n vmul n 1 n This is more concise and less error prone than using the previous functions and setting up the loop yourself pdata index map Procedure read write pdata name read pdata name Same as pdata map But also supplies the current pdata index number to the procedure as the first argument pdata fold procedure start value read pdata name read pdata name This example calculates the centre of the primitive by averaging all it s vertex positions together define my torus build torus 1 2 10 10 define torus centre with primitive my torus vdiv pdata fold vadd vector 0 0 0 p pdata size pdata index fold procedure start value read pdata name read pdata name Same as pdata fold but also supplies the current pdata index number
72. away in commands such as build cube Illustration 11 Deforming a primitive s pdata but some primitives are only useful if pdata is setup and controlled by you In polygons there is one pdata element per vertex and a separate array for vertex positions normals colours and texture coordinates So for example build sphere creates a polygonal object with a spherical distribution of vertex point data surface normals at every vertex and texture coordinates so you can wrap a texture around the primitive This data primitive data or pdata for short can be read and written to inside a with primitive corresponding to the current object pdata set Name vertnumber vector Sets the data on the current object to the input vector pdata ref name vertnumber Returns the vector from the pdata on the current object pdata size Returns the size of the pdata on the current object the number of verts a n The name describes the data we want to access for instance p contains the vertex positions pdata set p 0 vector 0 0 0 Sets the first point in the primitive to the origin not all that useful pdata set p 0 vadd pdata ref p 0 vector 1 0 0 The same but sets it to the original position 1 in the x offsetting the position is more useful as it constitutes a deformation of the original point See Deforming for more info on deformations Page 28 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Cre
73. bee Description Frisbee is an experimental high level game engine written for FrTime a functional reactive programming language available as part of PLT Scheme It s completely separate to the main fluxus commands and represents a different way of creating games or other behavoural systems vec3 x y z Returns result vector Creates a new vector usable inside frisbee use this rather than vector Example vec3 12 3 vec3 x v Returns result number Returns the x component of the frisbee vector Example vec3 x vec3 1 2 3 vec3 y v Returns result number Returns the y component of the frisbee vector Example vec3 y vec3 1 2 3 vec3 z v Returns result number Returns the z component of the frisbee vector Example vec3 z vec3 1 2 3 Page 175 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic vec3 integral v Returns result vector Returns the integral of the frisbee vector in respect to time Example vec3 integral vec3 0 0 01 0 scene collide b Returns void Sets the frisbee scene up The list can contain primitive structures or more lists Example scene list cube scene scene list Returns void Sets the frisbee scene up The list can contain primitive structures or more lists Example scene list cube testing functions Description A set of higher level control structures for manipulating objects and
74. ber Returns void Enable the object to be acted upon by the physics system using a box as the bounding volume As an active object it will be transformed by ode Note rotations only work correctly if you specify your transforms scale first then rotate translate doesn t matter basically ode can t deal with shearing transforms Example define mycube build cube active box mycube active cylinder primitiveid number Returns void Enable the object to be acted upon by the physics system using a cylinder as the bounding volume As an active object it will be transformed by ode Note rotations only work correctly if you specify your transforms scale first then rotate translate doesn t matter basically ode can t deal with shearing transforms Example define mycube build cube active cylinder mycube active sphere primitiveid number Returns void Enable the object to be acted upon by the physics system using a sphere as the bounding volume As an active object it will be transformed by ode Note rotations only work correctly if you specify your transforms scale first then rotate translate doesn t matter basically ode can t deal with shearing transforms Example define mycube build cube active sphere mycube Page 86 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic passive box primitiveid number Returns void Enable the obj
75. can share the same vertex data You can set the index of a polygon manually with with primitive myobj poly set index list of indices Or automatically which is recommended with with primitive myobj poly convert to indexed This procedure compresses the polygonal object by finding duplicated or very close vertices and gluing them together to form one vertex and multiple index references Indexing has a number of advantages one that large models will take less memory but the big deal is that deformation or other per vertex calculations will be much quicker Problems with automatic indexing As all vertex information becomes shared for coincident vertices automatically indexed polygons can t have different normals colours or texture coordinates for vertices at the same position This means that they will have to be smooth and continuous with respect to lighting and texturing This should be fixed in time with a more complicated conversion algorithm NURBS Primitives NURBS are parametric curved patch surfaces They are handled in a similar way to polygon primitives except that instead of vertices pdata elements represent control vertices of the patch Changing a control vertex causes the mesh to smoothly blend the change across it s surface build nurbs sphere 10 10 build nurbs plane 10 10 Pdata Types Illustration 18 A NURBS sphere with a vertex tweaked Use Name
76. ctor 1 1 1 hint vertcols pdata set p 0 vector 0 75 0 25 0 5 pdata set c 0 vector 0 01 0 0 pdata set s 0 0 01 pdata set p 1 vector 0 25 0 75 0 5 pdata set c 1 vector 0 0 01 0 pdata set s 1 0 01 pdata set p 2 vector 0 75 0 75 0 5 pdata set c 2 vector 0 0 0 01 Page 151 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic pdata set s 2 0 01 pdata set p 3 vector 0 25 0 25 0 5 pdata set c 3 vector 0 01 0 01 0 pdata set s 3 0 01 pdata set p 4 vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 pdata set c 4 vector 0 01 0 01 0 01 pdata set s 4 0 025 blobby gt poly blobbyprimitiveid number Returns polyprimid number Converts the mesh of a blobby primitive into a triangle list polygon primitive This is useful as the polygon primitive will be much much faster to render but can t deform in the blobby way Doesn t convert vertex colours over yet unfortunately Example clear define b build blobby 5 vector 30 30 30 vector 1 1 1 with primitive b shinyness 100 specular vector 1 1 1 hint vertcols pdata set p 0 vector 0 75 0 25 0 5 pdata set c 0 vector 0 01 0 0 pdata set s 0 0 01 pdata set p 1 vector 0 25 0 75 0 5 pdata set c 1 vector 0 0 01 0 pdata set s 1 0 01 pdata set p 2 vector 0 75 0 75 0 5 pdata set c 2 vector 0 0 0 01 pdata set s 2 0 01
77. data op as the same operation will only be one Scheme call Example clear define t build torus 1 4 10 10 with primitive t pdata op p vector 10 0 add a vector to all the pdata vectors pdata op p n add two pdata vectors element for element pdata op n vector 1 1 1 multiply a vector to all the pdata vectors pdata op n p multiply two pdata vectors element for element let pos pdata op closest p vector 100 0 returns position Page 142 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic of the closest vertex to this point with state draw a sphere there translate pos scale vector 0 1 0 1 0 1 build sphere 5 5 can t think of a good example for these pdata op sin mydata myotherdata sine of one float pdata to another pdata op cos mydata myotherdata cosine of one float pdata to another most common example of pdata op is for particles define p with state hint points point width 10 build particles 100 with primitive p pdata add vel v add a velocity vector pdata map lambda vel srndvec set random velocities vel pdata map lambda c rndvec set random colours c every frame with primitive p pdata op gu p vel pdata copy pdatafrom string pdatato string Returns void Copies the contents of one p
78. data array to another Arrays must match types Example pdata copy p mydata copy the vertex positions to a user array pdata size Returns count number Returns the size of the pdata arrays they must all be the same This is mainly used for iterating over the arrays Example define mashup n pdata set p n vector flxrnd flxrnd flxrnd randomise the vertex position if zero n 0 Page 143 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic mashup n 1 loops till n is 0 define shape build sphere 10 10 grab shape mashup pdata size randomise verts on currently grabbed primitive ungrab recalc normals smoothornot number Returns void For polygon primitives only Looks at the vertex positions and calculates the lighting normals for you automatically Call with 1 for smooth normals 0 for faceted normals Example define shape build sphere 10 10 build a sphere which is smooth by default grab shape recalc normals 0 make the sphere faceted ungrab primitives Description Primitives are objects that you can render There isn t really much else in a fluxus scene except lights a camera and lots of primitives Example build cube Returns primitiveid number A simple cube texture mapped placement per face Example define mynewcube build cube build polygons verts number type
79. define This window is also where error reporting is printed along with the terminal window you started fluxus from One of the important uses of the repl is to get help on fluxus commands For instance in order to find out about the build cube command try typing help build cube You can find out about new commands by typing help sections Which will print out a list of subsections so to find out about maths commands you can try Page 5 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic help maths Will give you a list of all the maths commands availible which you can ask for further help about You can copy the example code by moving the cursor left and then up shift select the code press ctrl c to copy it Then you can switch to a workspace and paste the example in with ctrl v order to try running them Keyboard commands e ctrl f Full screen mode e ctri w Windowed mode e ctrl h Hide show the editor e ctrl l Load a new script navigate with cursors and return e ctrl s Save current script e Ctrl d Save as current script opens a filename dialogue e ctrl 1 to 9 Switch to selected workspace e ctrl 0 Switch to the REPL e ctrl p Auto format the white space in your scheme script to be more pretty and readable e F3 Resets the camera e F4 Execute the current highlighted s expression e Fb5 ctrl e Execute the selected text
80. diate Mode Primitives eeseeen memini 30 la LUISA c NC D r m 30 Polygon SUED LER TTC DET Sn 30 indexed NE DL OTT e aaa aa 32 NURBS RUNI SEI TCI 32 Particie OLIVES neidin aada auS UE EQUI BER BIS EE EN NENN EEE 33 FMEA EY PO MN TETTE TE ORE 33 WPA cm 34 Type PNPN O osasia e EE EARE a T EE EAA 34 L cator PriNt VE oeiia a SEEE E EEA EA SE EEEN E AE 35 Pixel HEIDAR VEn E O a 35 BIODBSEPPUTIE DEBE senine nnana aaa aaa a a a a aE 36 Converting to polygonS sssssssssssrsrsrrrrrrersrerrsrsrsrrrrrrrrerererrnrsrsrrrrrrtrerertreerent 37 BT ela t NND Eae EEEE EEEE 37 Us r uos NERONE 38 mo LC RSS CETT IS MED ET 39 Pdata MER ETIN NE TIE T m 40 Using Pdata to build your own primitives esee nm 41 E E Eo NORUNT ERTS 41 Moving ELLE M EST TTE 41 Stopping the mouse moving the camera eripe be tee rax ER CR gra RE RR e ana 42 More camera DO DEIMIGS csc ciccacas censi saeua aza rae Y hrbaora uuu ma pv ua dU FEFENRDVEIU SA Md RMp BASIS 42 SLEE TIRS MEMENTO 43 Using multiple cameras i n a a aa 43 Noise and Fadobibie SE eu ussaaaxo adm a er ebbe aah id baa un ota Ga acad qu tl ka n RO AUR duda dpa 43 RandomMNESS RENTUR 43 NOISE NNI Et 44 Scene IDSDEEBDI arrei comua ra uH I II C aux UR e TU UU RDUM NN EU AMI MM UI EE 44 Scene Orph INSPECTION Cossus ene aate seme nd aeuetbaa d tea aea dnd pex dust bua HM ME pd OE Eaa 44 Collision A AMA MCN 45
81. e A pixel primitive is used for making procedural textures which can then be applied to other primitives For this reason pixel primitives probably wont be A ra rendered much directly but you can render them to preview the Illustration 23 Some procedural textures created as pixel texture on a flat plane pixel primitive width height Pdata Types primitives Use Name Data Type Page 35 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Pixel colour C 3 vector Pixel alpha a number Extra pixel primitive commands A pixel primitive s pdata corresponds to pixel values in a texture you write to them to make procedural texture data The pixel primitive comes with some extra commands pixels upload pixelprimitiveid number Uploads the texture data you need to call this when you ve finished writing to the pixelprim and while it s grabbed pixels gt texture pixelprimitiveid number Returns a texture you can use exactly like a normal loaded one See the examples for some procedural texturing It s important to note that creating textures involves a large amount of processing time so you don t want to plan on doing something per pixel per frame for large textures The pdata func extensions could be used to help here in the future This is a simple example of creating a noise texture on a pixel primitive with pri
82. e colour vector 0 0 1 build torus 1 2 30 30 change the torus colour with primitive my torus colour vector 0 1 0 pdata map procedure read write pdata name read pdata name Returns void A high level control structure for simplifying passing over pdata arrays for primitive deformation Should be easier and less error prone than looping manually Writes to the first pdata array Example clear define my torus build torus 1 2 30 30 with primitive my torus pdata map lambda position vadd position vector flxrnd 0 0 jitter the vertex in x p read write the position pdata array with primitive my torus pdata map Page 71 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic lambda position normal vadd position normal add the normal to the position expand the object p n read write the position pdata array read the normals array pdata index map procedure read write pdata name read pdata name Returns void A high level control structure for simplifying passing over pdata arrays for primitive deformation Same as pdata map except pdata index map supplies the index of the current pdata element as the first argument to procedure Example clear define my torus build torus 1 2 30 30 with primitive my torus pdata index map lambda index position vadd position vector gh index
83. e Look at the skinning example to see how this works Pfunc types All pfunc types and arguments are as follows arithmetic For applying general arithmetic to any pdata array operator string one of add sub mul div src string pdata array name other string pdata array name optional constant float constant value optional dst string pdata array name genskinweights Generates skinweights adds float pdata called s1 gt sn where n is the number of nodes in the skeleton 1 skeleton root primid number the root of the bindpose skeleton for skinning sharpness float a control of how sharp the creasing will be when skinned Page 40 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic skinweights gt vertcols A utility for visualising skinweights for debugging No arguments skinning Skins a primitive deforms it to follow a skeleton s movements Primitives we want to run this on have to contain extra pdata copies of the starting vert positions called pref and the same for normals if normals are being skinned called nref Skeleton root primid number the root primitive of the animating skeleton bindpose root primid number the root primitive of the bindpose skeleton skin normals number whether to skin the normals as well as the positions Using Pdata to build your own primitives The function build polygons allows you to build empt
84. e types of primitives they may not apply or may do different things They are useful for debugging and sometimes just for fun hint none This is a very important render hint it clears all other hints By default only one is set hint solid If you i sifatlon 30 4 pon ohar want to turn this off and just render a cube in wire with normals wire frame and frame for instance you d need to do this deri and line width set hint none hint wire build cube For a full list of the render hints see the function reference section You can do Page 26 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic some pretty crazy things for instance clear light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0 define l make light point free light position l vector 10 50 50 light diffuse l vector 1 1 1 shadow light 1 with state hint none hint wire hint normal translate vector 0 2 0 hint cast shadow build torus 0 1 1 10 10 with state rotate vector 90 0 0 scale 10 build plane Draws the torus from the shadowing example but is rendered in wireframe displaying it s normals as well as casting shadows It S become something of a fashion to find ways of using normals rendering creatively in fluxus About Primitives Primitives are objects that you can render There isn t really much else in a fluxus scene except lights a camera and lots of pr
85. ect to be acted upon by the physics system using a box as the bounding volume As a passive object active objects will collide with it but it will not be transformed Note rotations only work correctly if you specify your transforms scale first then rotate translate doesn t matter basically ode can t deal with shearing transforms Example define mycube build cube passive box mycube passive cylinder primitiveid number Returns void Enable the object to be acted upon by the physics system using a cylinder as the bounding volume As a passive object active objects will collide with it but it will not be transformed Note rotations only work correctly if you specify your transforms scale first then rotate translate doesn t matter basically ode can t deal with shearing transforms Example define mycube build cube passive cylinder mycube passive sphere primitiveid number Returns void Enable the object to be acted upon by the physics system using a sphere as the bounding volume As a passive object active objects will collide with it but it will not be transformed Note rotations only work correctly if you specify your transforms scale first then rotate translate doesn t matter basically ode can t deal with shearing transforms Example define mycube build cube passive sphere mycube surface params slip1 number slip2 number softerp number softcfm number Returns void Sets some globa
86. ection slider s axis to body1 and with the same magnitude but opposite direction to body2 Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 1 collisions 1 define shapel with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shapel define shape2 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shape2 define j build sliderjoint shapel shape2 vector 1 0 0 joint param j FMax 20 Page 92 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic joint param j LoStop 1 joint param j HiStop 1 set physics debug t define animate joint slide j 5 sin time set max physical max number Returns void Sets the maximum number of objects the physics system can deal with When the max level has been reached the oldest objects are automatically destroyed Example clear set max physical 200 every frame with state translate vector 0 5 0 scale srndvec colour rndvec let ob build cube active box ob kick ob vmul srndvec 3 twist ob vmul srndvec 2 set mass primitiveid number mass number Returns void Sets the mass of an active object Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 0 collisions 1 set max physical 20 not a great example but these boxes will have different mass so behave a bit differently every frame when rndf 0 92
87. ed model data this is usually an option on the export Note this is slow for heavy models Example collada import test dae vmix a b t Returns void Linearly interpolates the two vectors together by t Example mix red and blue together colour vmix vector 1 0 0 vector 0 0 1 0 5 vclamp a Returns void Clamp the vector so the elements are all between 0 and 1 Example make a valid colour from any old vector colour vclamp vector 2 400 123 Page 73 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic vsquash a Returns void Clamp the vector so the elements are all between 0 and 1 Example make a valid colour from any old vector colour vclamp vector 2 400 123 pixels circle pos radius colour Returns void Draws a circle into a pixels primitive Example with primitive build pixels 100 100 pixels circle vector 50 50 0 30 vector 1 0 0 1 pixels upload pixels blend circle pos radius colour Returns void Draws a blended circle into a pixels primitive Example with primitive build pixels 100 100 pixels blend circle vector 50 50 0 30 vector 1 0 0 1 pixels upload pixels dodge pos radius strength Returns void Lightens a circular area of a pixels primitive Example with primitive build pixels 100 100 pixels dodge vector 50 50 0 30 vector 1 0 0 1 pixels upload pixels burn pos radi
88. ed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic setup a mipmapped texture with our own images you need as many levels as it takes you to get to 1X1 pixels from your level 0 texture size define t2 load texture m0 png list generate mipmaps mip level 0 load texture ml png list id t2 generate mipmaps O mip level 1 load texture m2 png list id t2 generate mipmaps 0 mip level 2 load texture m3 png list id t2 generate mipmaps mip level 3 texture load texture mytexture png list generate mipmaps turn mipmapping off border 2 add a border to the texture build cube the cube will be texture mapped with the image clear texture cache Returns void Clears the texture cache meaning changed textures on disk are reloaded Example clear texture cache frustum top number bottom number left number right number Returns void Sets the camera frustum and thus the aspect ratio of the frame Example frustum 1 1 0 75 0 75 default settings clip front number back number Returns void Sets the front amp back clipping planes for the camera frustum and thus the viewing angle Change the front clipping distance to alter the perspective from telephoto to fisheye Example clip 1 10000 default settings ortho Returns void Sets orthographic projection i e no perspective Page 115 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creat
89. ed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic qtomatrix quaternion vector Returns matrix vector Converts a quaternion into a rotation matrix Example qtomatrix qaxisangle vector 0 1 0 45 qconjugate quaternion vector Returns quaternion vector Conjugatea a quaternion Example qconjugate qaxisangle vector 0 1 0 45 fmod numerator number denominator number Returns real number Returns the floating point remainder of numerator denominator Example fmod 14 4 10 snoise real number Returns real number Returns 1D 2D 3D AD Simplex Noise in the range 1 gt 1 depending on the number of parameters Example snoise 1 0 2 0 4 2D noise snoise 6 1 2 1 5 1 3 4D noise example on a pixel prim clear with primitive build pixels 100 100 pdata index map lambda i c snoise modulo i pixels width quotient i pixels height oo wl wl mer pixels upload noise real number Returns real number Page 101 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Returns the Perlin Noise value at specified coordinates Example noise 1 0 2 0 2D noise noise 6 1 2 4 5 3D noise example on a pixel prim clear with primitive build pixels 100 100 pdata index map lambda i c noise modulo i pixels width 9 0 quotient i pixels height HH
90. el light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 make a big fat key light define key make light spot free light position key vector 5 5 0 light diffuse key vector 1 0 95 0 8 light specular key vector 0 6 0 3 0 1 light spot angle key 22 light spot exponent key 100 light direction key vector 1 1 0 Illustration 8 With 3 spotlights focusing attention on the sphere in the centre of the scene make a fill light define fill make light spot free light position fill vector 7 7 12 light diffuse fill vector 0 5 0 3 0 1 light specular fill vector 0 5 0 3 0 05 light spot angle fill 12 light spot exponent fill 100 light direction fill vector 0 6 0 6 1 make a rim light define rim make light spot free light position rim vector 0 5 7 12 light diffuse rim vector 0 0 3 0 5 light specular rim vector 0 4 0 6 1 light spot angle rim 12 light spot exponent rim 100 light direction rim vector 0 0 6 1 Shadows The lack of shadows is a big problem with computer graphics They are complex and time consuming to generate but add so much to a feeling of depth and form However they are quite easy to add to a fluxus scene Illustration 9 The shadows example script Page 25 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic clear light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0
91. ery exciting Page 88 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic build hingejoint primitiveid1 number primitiveid2 number anchor vector axis vector Returns hingeid number Creates a ball joint to connect two objects see the ode docs for a detailed description of the differences between the joint types ODE considers joints to be a constraint that is enforced between two objects When creating a joint it is important to have the two primitives being joined in the desired positions before creating the joint Joints can be created modified and indexed in a similar way to other primitives Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 1 collisions 1 define shapel with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shapel define shape2 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shape2 build hingejoint shapel shape2 vector 0 vector 0 1 kick shapel vector 0 2 0 set physics debug t build sliderjoint primitiveid1 number primitiveid2 number axis vector Returns hingeid number Creates a slider joint to connect two objects see the ode docs for a detailed description of the differences between the joint types ODE considers joints to be a constraint that is enforced between two objects When creating a joint it is important to have the two primitives being joined in the desired position
92. example scriptlet in the function reference documentation If it crashes or errors please run self test t Which will save a log file please post this to the mailing list and we ll have a go at fixing it Its also highly recommended for developers to run this command before committing code to the source repository so you can see if your changes have affected anything unexpected Fluxus Scratchpad And Modules This chapter documents fluxus in slightly lower level only required if you want Page 53 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic to hack a bit more Fluxus consists of two halves One half is the window containing a script editor rendered on top of the scene display render This is called the fluxus scratchpad and it s the way to use fluxus for livecoding and general playing The other half is the modules which provide functions for doing graphics these can be loaded into any mzscheme interpreter and run in any OpenGL context Modules Fluxus s functionality is further split between different Scheme modules You don t need to know any of this to simply use fluxus as is as they are all loaded and setup for you fluxus engine This binary extension contains the core rendering functions and the majority of the commands fluxus audio A binary extension containing a jack client and fft processor commands fluxus osc A binary extension wit
93. fication when texels are larger than the screen pixels This defaults to linear which blends the colour of the texels Setting this to nearest means you can clearly see the pixels making up the texture when it s large in screen space Illustration 4 A texture with wrap s and wrap t set to clamp Page 21 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic wrap s clamp repeat wrap t clamp repeat wrap r clamp repeat for cube maps What to do when texture coordinates are out of the range 0 1 set to repeat by default clamp smears the edge pixels of the texture border colour vector of length 4 If the texture is set to have a border see load texture this is the colour it should have priority 0 gt 1 think this controls how likely a texture is to be removed from the graphics card when memory is low l ve never used this myself though env colour vector of length 4 The base colour to blend the texture with min lod real number for mipmap blending default 1000 max lod real number for mipmap blending default 1000 These set how the mipmapping happens I haven t had much luck setting this on most graphics cards however This is the code which generated the clamp picture above clear texture params 0 wrap s clamp wrap t clamp texture load texture refmap png with primitive build cube pdata map lambda
94. fluxus path as it s the editor font define t build type Bitstream Vera Sans Mono ttf fluxus rocks make a poly primitive from the type define p with state translate vector 0 4 0 type gt poly t set some texture coords on the poly prim and load a texture onto it with primitive p pdata map Lambda t p Page 146 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic vmul p 0 5 uu p texture load texture refmap png build extruded type ttf filename text string extrude depth Returns primitiveid number Builds an extruded geometric type primitive from a ttf font and some text Example clear wire colour vector 0 0 1 this font should be on the default fluxus path as it s the editor font define t build extruded type Bitstream Vera Sans Mono ttf fluxus rocks 1 make a poly primitive from the type define p with state translate vector 0 4 0 type gt poly t set some texture coords on the poly prim and load a texture onto it with primitive p pdata map lambda t p vmul p 0 5 t p texture load texture refmap png type gt poly typeprimitiveid number Returns polyprimid number Converts the mesh of a type primitive into a triangle list polygon primitive The poly primitive will be a bit slower to render but you ll be able to do everything you can do with a poly primitive with it
95. g algorithms viewed as well as their visual outcome Live coding is not about tools Algorithms are thoughts Chainsaws are tools That s why algorithms are sometimes harder to notice than chainsaws We recognise continuums of interaction and profundity but prefer Insight into algorithms The skillful extemporisation of algorithm as an expressive impressive display of mental dexterity No backup minidisc DVD safety net computer We acknowledge that It is not necessary for a lay audience to understand the code to appreciate it much as it is not necessary to know how to play guitar in order to appreciate watching a guitar performance Live coding may be accompanied by an impressive display of manual dexterity and the glorification of the typing interface Performance involves continuums of interaction covering perhaps the scope of controls with respect to the parameter space of the artwork or gestural content particularly directness of expressive detail Whilst the traditional haptic rate timing deviations of expressivity in instrumental music are not approximated in code why repeat the past No doubt the writing of code and expression of thought will develop its own nuances and customs Page 174 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Performances and events closely meeting these manifesto conditions may apply for TOPLAP approval and seal fris
96. ge 77 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic hsrndvec Returns vector Returns a random 3 element vector If you visualise a lot of these as points they will cover the surface of a sphere centred on the origin see the example The name stands for hollow sphere Example clear hint none hint points point width 4 define p build particles 1000 show axis 1 with primitive p pdata map lambda p vector 1 1 1 mG pdata map Lambda p hsrndvec p grndf Returns number Returns a gaussian random number in the range centred on zero with a variance of 1 Example display grndf newline grndvec Returns vector Returns a gaussian random 3 element vector If you visualise a lot of these as points you will see a normal distribution centred on the origin see the example Example clear hint none hint points point width 4 define p build particles 1000 show axis 1 Page 78 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic with primitive p pdata map lambda p vector 1 1 1 ne pdata map lambda p grndvec p rndbary Returns vector Returns a vector representing a uniformly distributed triangular barycentric coordinate wip doesn t seem to be very uniform to me Example rndbary
97. gh that part we can quite quickly take this script and make it move define draw row count cond not zero count draw cube rotate vector 0 0 45 sin time Page 10 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic translate vector 1 1 0 0 draw row count 1 every frame draw row 10 time is a procedure which returns the time in seconds since fluxus started running Sin converts this into a sine wave and the multiplication is used to scale it up to rotate in the range of 45 to 45 degrees as sin only returns values between 1 and 1 Your row of cubes should be bending up and down Try changing the number of cubes from 10 and the range of movement by changing the 45 More recursion To give you something more visually interesting this script calls itself twice which results in an animating tree shape define draw row count cond not zero Count translate vector 2 0 0 draw cube rotate vector 10 sin time 0 0 with state rotate vector 0 25 0 draw row count 1 with state rotate vector 0 25 0 draw row count 1 every frame draw row 10 For an explanation of with state see the next section Comments Comments in scheme are denoted by the character this is a comment Everything after the up to the end of the line are ignored by the interpreter Using
98. gravity vector 0 0 0 every frame when rndf 0 92 with state scale rndvec colour rndvec let ob build cube active box ob Kick ob vmul srndvec 3 twist ob vmul srndvec 2 has collided primitiveid number Returns void Returns true if the grabbed object collided in the last frame Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 0 collisions 1 set max physical 20 define ob with state translate vector 0 5 0 build cube active box ob every frame when has collided ob with primitive ob colour rndvec maths Description These functions are optimised for 3D graphics and the collision of computer science and maths is apparent here so scheme vectors representing maths vectors are in this context taken to be 3 elements long quaternions are vectors of length 4 and matrices are vectors of 16 elements long Page 95 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic vmul vector number Returns result vector Multiplies a vector by a number Example vmul vector 1 2 3 2 vadd vector vector Returns result vector Adds two vectors together Example vadd vector 1 2 3 vector 1 2 3 vsub vector vector Returns result vector Subtracts a vector from another Example vsub vector 12 3 vector 1 2 3 vdiv vector number Returns result vector Divides a vector by a number Examp
99. gt 1 centred on zero Example display crndf newline rndvec Returns vector Returns a random 3 element vector with each element in the range 0 gt 1 If you visualise a lot of these as points they will fill the unit cube see the example Example clear hint none hint points point width 4 define p build particles 1000 show axis 1 with primitive p pdata map lambda p vector 1 1 1 c pdata map lambda p rndvec p Page 76 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic crndvec Returns vector Returns a random 3 element vector with each element in the range 1 gt 1 If you visualise a lot of these as points they will fill a cube centred on the origin see the example Example clear hint none hint points point width 4 define p build particles 1000 show axis 1 with primitive p pdata map lambda p vector 1 1 1 mG pdata map Lambda p crndvec p srndvec Returns vector Returns a random 3 element vector If you visualise a lot of these as points they will fill a sphere centred on the origin see the example Example clear hint none hint points point width 4 define p build particles 1000 show axis 1 with primitive p pdata map Lambda p vector 1 1 1 c pdata map lambda p srndvec p Pa
100. h the osc server and client and message commands fluxus midi A binary extension with midi event input support Scheme modules There are also many scheme modules which come with fluxus Some of these form the scratchpad interface and give you mouse key input and camera setup others are layers on top of the fluxus engine to make it more convenient This is where things like the with and pdata map Macros are specified and the import export for example Fluxa is an optional addition to fluxus which add audio synthesis and sample playback It s also an experimental non deterministic synth where each note is it s own synth graph Fluxa is a framework for constructing and sequencing sound It uses a minimal and purely functional style which is designed for livecoding It can be broken down into two parts the descriptions of synthesis graphs and a set of language forms for describing procedural sequences Fluxa is also a kind of primitive homage to supercollider see also rsc which is a scheme binding to sc Example require fluxus 016 fluxa Page 54 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic seq lambda time clock play time mul sine 440 adsr 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 Plays a sine tone with a decay of 0 1 seconds every 0 2 seconds Non determinism Fluxa has decidedly non deterministic properties synth lifetime is bound to some global constraints
101. have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint box build sphere 10 10 make a sphere with bounding box displayed hint none Returns void Clears the render hints in the current drawing state or the current primitive This allows you mainly to get rid of the default solid style but also means that you can turn on and off hints without using push or pop Example hint none hint wire build cube make a cube only visible with wireframe hint origin Returns void Sets the render hints to display the object space origin of the primitive in the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint origin build sphere 10 10 make a sphere with the origin displayed hint cast shadow Returns void note Not yet implemented Sets the render hints to cast shadows for the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint origin build sphere 10 10 make a sphere with the origin displayed Page 135 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic hint depth sort Ret
102. hinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 light diffuse lightid number colour Returns void Sets the diffuse contribution for the specified light Example turn off the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 0 define mylight make light point free light position mylight vector 5 2 0 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 light specular lightid number colour Returns void Sets the specular contribution for the specified light Example turn off the main light light diffuse 0 vector 0 0 0 light specular 0 vector 0 0 0 light ambient 0 vector 0 0 define mylight make light point free light position mylight vector 5 2 0 light diffuse mylight rndvec light ambient mylight vmul rndvec 0 1 Page 104 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic light specular mylight vmul rndvec 10 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 light position lightid number position vector Returns void
103. ht vector 1 0 1 with state ambient vector 1 1 1 colour vector 1 1 1 specular vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 shinyness 20 build torus 1 2 20 20 scale vector 10 10 10 translate vector 0 5 0 5 0 Page 107 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic build seg plane 20 20 renderer Description These commands are the low level renderer controls You shouldn t need to deal with these unless you are being wily or implementing a fluxus renderer outside of the scratchpad interface make renderer Returns rendererid number Makes a new scenegraph renderer Example make renderer renderer grab rendererid number Returns void Make this renderer the current context for commands Example renderer grab renderer renderer ungrab Returns void Pop the renderer context stack Example renderer grab renderer fluxus render Returns void Clears the backbuffer and renders everything Example fluxus render Page 108 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic tick physics Returns void Update the physics system Example tick physics render physics Returns void Render the physics system for helper graphics This is the low level command use set physics debug instead Example render physics reset rendere
104. i timestamp seconds timestamp fraction beats per bar tempo Page 57 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic When syncing fluxa provides you with two extra global definitions sync clock a clock which is reset when a sync is received sync tempo the current requested tempo you are free to modify or ignore it note there is a program which adds timestamps to sync messages coming from a network which makes collaborative sync work properly as it doesn t require clocks to be in sync too email me if you want more info Known problems todos Record execution cyclic graphs wont work Permanent execution of some nodes will fix delay reverb Frisbee is a simplified games engine It is written in a different language to the rest of fluxus and requires no knowledge or use of any of the other fluxus commands The language it uses is called Father Time FrTime which is a functional reactive programming language available as part of PLT Scheme Functional reactive programming frp is a way of programming which emphasises behaviours and events and makes them a central part of the language Programming a graphics environment like a game is all about describing a scene and behaviours which modify it over time Using normal programming languages like the base fluxus one you generally need to do these things separately build the scene then animate it Using
105. ild cube define obj2 with state translate vector 2 0 0 build cube define animate Page 14 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic with primitive objl rotate vector 0 1 0 with primitive obj2 rotate vector 0 0 1 every frame animate A very important fluxus command is parent which locks objects to one another so they follow each other around You can use parent to build up a hierarchy of objects like this define a build cube define b with state parent a translate vector 0 2 0 build cube define c with state parent b translate vector 0 2 0 build cube Which creates three cubes all attached to each other in a chain Transforms for object a will be passed down to b and c transforms on b will effect c Destroying a object will in turn destroy all child objects parented to it You can change the hierarchy by calling parent inside a with primitive To remove an object from it s parent you can call with primitive myprim detach Which will fix the transform so the object remains in the same global position Note By default when you create objects they are parented to the root node of the scene all primitives exist on the scene graph somewhere The root node is given the id number of 1 So another way of un parenting an object is by calling parent 1 Note on grabbing and push
106. ime 0 5 Which will offset the time half a second into the future You can also make them happen earlier but only a little bit Clock is an ever increasing value which increments by one each time the procedure given to seq is called The value of this is not important but you can use zmod which is simply this predefined procedure define zmod clock v zero modulo clock v Which is common enough to make this shortening helpful so if zmod clock 4 play mul sine 440 adsr 0 0 1 0 0 Will play a note every 4 beats note 10 A utility for mapping note numbers to frequencies I think the current scale is equal temperament todo sort scala loading out seq lambda time clock clock map lambda n play time mul sine note n adsr 0 1 0 0 clock list 10 12 14 15 0 1 clock map maps the list to the play command each tick of the clock the list can be used as a primitive sequence and can obviously be used to drive much more than just the pitch seq lambda time clock clock switch clock 128 lambda play time mul sine note n adsr 0 0 1 0 0 lambda play time mul saw note n adsr 0 1 0 0 1 This clock switch switches between the procedures every 128 ticks of the clock for higher level structure Syncing A osc message can be sent to the client for syncing for collaborative performances the format of the sync message is as follows sync iii
107. imitive particles pdata map Lambda vel vadd vel vector 0 0 001 0 vel pdata map vadd p vel every frame animate Pdata Operations Pdata Operations are a optimisation which takes advantage of the nature of these storage arrays to allow you to process them with a single call to the scheme interpreter This makes deforming primitive much faster as looping in the scheme interpreter is slow and it also simplifies your scheme code pdata op operation pdata operand Where operation is a string identifier for the intended operation listed below and pdata is the name of the target pdata to operate on and operand is either a single data a scheme number or vector length 3 4 or 16 or a name of another pdata array If the update and render functions in the script above are changed to the following define update add this vector to all the velocities pdata op vel vector 0 0 002 0 add all the velocities to all the positions pdata op p vel define render with primitive ob update On my machine this script runs over 6 times faster than the first version pdata op can also return information to your script from certain functions called on entire pdata arrays Pdata operations addition ME multiplication sin writes the sine of one float pdata array into another cos writes the cosine of one float pdata array into another closest
108. imitives Primitive state The normal way to create a primitive is to set up some state which the primitive will use then call it s build function and keep it s returned ID using with primitive to modify it s state later on define myobj with state colour vector 0 1 0 build cube makes a green cube with primitive myobj colour vector 1 0 0 changes it s colour to red So primitives contain a state which describes things like colour texture and transform information This state operates on the primitive as a whole one colour for the whole thing one texture shader pair and one transform To get a little deeper and do more we need to introduce primitive data Page 27 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Primitive Data Arrays aka Pdata A pdata array is a fixed size array of information contained within a primitive Each pdata array has a name so you can refer to it and a primitive may contain lots of different pdata arrays which are all the same size Pdata arrays are typed and can contain floats vectors colours or matrices You can make your own pdata arrays with names that you choose or copy them in one command Some pdata is created when you call the build function This automatically generated pdata is given single character names Sometimes this automatically created pdata results in a primitive you can use straight
109. ing Fluxus also contains less well mannered commands for achieving the same results as with primitive and with state These were used prior to version 0 14 SO you may see mention of them in the documentation or older scripts push pop is the same as with state and grab myprim ungrab is the same as with primitive myprim They are less safe than with as you can push without popping or vice versa Page 15 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic and shouldn t be used generally There are some cases where they are still required though and the with commands use them internally so they won t be going away Quite quickly you are going to want to start using data from outside of fluxus to control your animations This is really what starts making this stuff interesting after all Sound The original purpose of fluxus and still perhaps it s best use was as a sound to light vjing application In order to do this it needs to take real time values from an incoming sound source We do this by configuring the sound with start audio jack port to read sound from 256 44100 Running some application to provide sound or just taking it from the input on your sound card and then using gh harmonic number To give us floating point values we can plug into parameters to animate them You can test there is something coming through e
110. ing Returns void Starts up the osc server or changes port Known bug seems to fail if you set it back to a port used previously Example osc source 4444 listen to port 4444 for osc messages Page 162 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic osc msg name string Returns msgreceived boolean Returns true if the message has been received since the last frame and sets it as the current message for subsequent calls to osc for reading the arguments Example cond osc msg hello if a the hello message is recieved display osc 1 newline print out the first argument osc argument number Returns oscargument Returns the argument from the current osc message Example cond osc msg hello if a the hello message is recieved display osc 1 newline print out the first argument osc destination port string Returns void Specifies the destination for outgoing osc messages The port name needs to specify the whole url and should look something like this osc udp localhost 4444 Example osc destination osc udp localhost 4444 osc send hello s list boo send a message to this destination osc peek Returns msg string This util function returns the name and format string and number string arguments of the last sent message as a string for debugging your osc network Example display osc
111. ins information about things like the current colour transformation and hints This function has been superseded by with state Page 123 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Example colour vector 1 0 0 set current colour to red push copy and push drawing state colour vector 0 1 0 set current colour to green draw cube draws a green cube pop forget old drawing state current colour is now red again pop Returns void Destroys the current drawing state and sets the current one to be the previously pushed one in the stack The drawing state contains information about things like the current colour transformation and hints This function has been superseded by with state Example colour vector 1 0 0 set current colour to red push copy and push drawing state colour vector 0 1 0 set current colour to green draw cube draws a green cube pop forget old drawing state r current colour is now red again grab object id Returns void Grabs the specified object Once an object has grabbed it s state can be modified using the same commands used to set the current drawing state ungrab needs to be used to return to the normal drawing state Grabbing can also be stacked in which case ungrab pops to the last grabbed primitive This function has been superseded by with primitive Example colour
112. is information between shaders and scripts in a similar way In GLSL attribute vec3 testcol Page 47 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic To pass this from scheme first create some new pdata with a matching name pdata add testcol v Then you can set it in the same way as any other pdata controlling shader parameters on a per vertex basis Samplers Samplers are the hardware shading word for textures the word sampler is used to be a little more general in that they are used as a way of passing lots of information which may not be visual in nature around between shaders Passing textures into GLSL shaders from fluxus is again fairly simple In your GLSL shader uniform sampler2D mytexture In scheme texture load texture mytexturefile png shader set list mytexture 0 This just tells GLSL to use the first texture unit 0 as the sampler for mytexture This is the texture unit that the standard texture command loads textures to To pass more than one texture you need multitexturing turned on In GLSL uniform sampler2D mytexture uniform sampler2D mysecondtexture In scheme load to texture unit 0 multitexture 0 load texture mytexturefile png load to texture unit 1 multitexture 1 load texture mytexturefile2 png shader set list mytexture 0 mysecondtexture 1 Turtle Builder The turtle po
113. it ORION soaa aE a a AE ea Ea NN E 176 Introduction Fluxus is an environment which allows you to quickly make live animation and audio programs and change them constantly and flexibly This idea of constant Page 3 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic change flux is where it s name comes from Fluxus does this with the aid of the Scheme programming language which is designed for flexibility and an interface which only needs to provide you with program code floating above the resulting visual output This interface enables fluxus to be used for livecoding the practice of programming as a performance art form Most users of fluxus are naturally livecoders and some write fluxus scripts in front of audiences as well as using it to rapid prototype and design new programs for performance and art installation This emphasis on live coding rapid prototyping and quick feedback also make fluxus fun for learning computer animation graphics and programming and it is often used in workshops exploring these themes This manual is vaguely organised in terms of thing you need to know first being at the beginning and with more complex things later on but it s not too strict so I d recommend jumping around to parts that interest you When you start fluxus you will see the welcome text and a prompt this is called the repl read evaluate print loop or console Genera
114. ither with every frame begin display gh 0 newline And see if it prints anything other than O s or run the bars scm script in examples which should display a graphic equaliser It s also useful to use gain 1 To control the gain on the incoming signal which will have a big effect on the scale of the values coming from gh Keyboard Keyboard control is useful when using fluxus for things like non livecoding vjing as it s a nice simple way to control parameters without showing the code on screen It s also obviously useful for when writing games with fluxus key pressed key string Returns a t if the key is currently pressed down for example every frame when key pressed x colour rndvec draw cube Draws a cube with randomly changing colour when the x key is pressed keys down Returns a list of the current keys pressed which is handy in some situations For keys which aren t able to be described by strings there is also key special pressed key code number Page 16 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic For instance key special pressed 101 Returns t when the up cursor key is pressed To find out what the mysterious key codes are you can simply run this script every frame begin display keys special down newline Which will print out the list of special keys currently pressed Press the key yo
115. ive Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Example ortho persp Returns void Sets perspective projection the default after ortho has been set Example persp set ortho zoom amount number Returns void Sets the zoom level for the orthographic projection Example set ortho zoom 2 clear colour colour vector Returns void Sets the colour we clear the renderer with this forms the background colour for the scene Example clear colour vector 1 0 0 RED clear frame setting number Returns void Sets the frame clearing on or off Example clear frame 0 clear frame 1 clear zbuffer setting number Returns void Sets the zbuffer clearing on or off Example clear zbuffer 0 Page 116 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic clear zbuffer 1 clear accum setting number Returns void Sets the accumulation buffer clearing on or off Example clear accum 1 build camera Returns cameraid number Adds a new camera view and returns it s id Example clear viewport 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 define cam2 build camera current camera cam2 viewport 0 5 0 0 5 1 define cam3 build camera current camera cam3 set camera mmul mtranslate vector 0 0 5 mrotate vector 0 45 0 viewport 0 0 0 5 0 5 render a primitive in one view only define t with state translate vector 3 0 0 scale 0
116. l a b div a b Remember that parameters can be nodes or number values so you can do things like play time mul sine 440 0 5 or play time mul sine 440 adsr 0 1 0 0 Filters mooghp input node cutoff resonance moogbp input node cutoff resonance mooglp input node cutoff resonance formant input node cutoff resonance Global audio volume 1 Does what is says on the tin eq 1 1 1 Tweak bass mid treble max synths 20 Change the maximum concurrent synths playing default is a measly 10 searchpath path Add a path for sample loading reset The panic command deletes all synth graphs and reinitialises all the operators not rt safe Sequencing commands Fluxa provides a set of forms for sequencing seq lambda time clock 0 1 The top level sequence there can only be one of these and all code within the supplied procedure will be called when required The time between calls is set by the returned value of the procedure so you can change the global timing Page 56 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic dynamically The parameters time and clock are passed to the procedure time is the float real time value in seconds to be passed to play commands It s actually a little bit ahead of real time in order to give the network messages time to get to the server You can also mess with the time like so play t
117. l surface attributes that affect friction and bouncyness see section 7 3 7 of the ODE docs for an explanation of these parameters Page 87 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Example surface params 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 build balljoint primitiveid number primitiveid number axis vector Returns void Creates a balljoint to connect two objects see the ode docs for a detailed description of the differences between the joint types ODE considers joints to be a constraint that is enforced between two objects When creating a joint it is important to have the two primitives being joined in the desired positions before creating the joint Joints can be created modified and indexed in a similar way to other primitives Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 1 collisions 1 define shapel with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shapel define shape2 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shape2 build balljoint shapel shape2 vector 0 0 0 kick shapel vector 0 2 0 set physics debug t build fixedjoint primitiveid number Returns void Creates a joint to connect an object to the global environment This locks the object in place Example clear define shapel with state translate vector 0 1 0 build cube active box shapel build fixedjoint shapel not v
118. le vdiv vector 1 2 3 2 vtransform vector matrix Returns result vector Multiplies transforms a vector by a matrix Example vtransform vector 0 1 0 mrotate vector 90 0 0 vtransform rot vector matrix Returns result vector Multiplies transforms a vector by a matrix but leaves out the translation part Page 96 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic For operations involving normals Example vtransform rot vector 0 1 0 mrotate vector 90 0 0 vnormalise vector Returns result vector Returns the normalised form of the vector length 1 Example vtransform rot vector 0 1 0 mrotate vector 90 0 0 vdot vector vector Returns result number Returns the dot product of two vectors Example vdot vector 0 1 0 vector 1 0 0 vmag vector Returns result number Returns the magnitude or length of the vector Example vmag vector 0 1 1 vreflect vector vector Returns result vector Returns the reflection of one vector against another Example vreflect vector 0 1 1 vector 1 0 1 vdist vector vector Returns result number Treating the vectors as points returns the distance between them Example vdist vector 100 100 0 vector 0 0 100 Page 97 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic vdist sq vector vector Returns result number T
119. le cameras need to fix Example set camera update f set camera update t spawn task Returns void Launches a new per frame task a tasks execute once per graphic frame are called in lexigraphical order by name have unique names and if the same name is used the old task is removed prior to the new task being added a Page 168 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic task that returns f will remove itself after executing every frame build cube is equivalent to spawn task lambda build cube every frame task Example spawn task lambda draw torus torus task rm task torus task rm task Returns void Removes a task from the tasklist Example spawn task lambda draw torus torus task add a task rm task torus task remove it again rm all tasks Returns void Removes all task from the tasklist including the every frame task Example rm all tasks Is tasks Returns void Prints a list of current a tasks Example spawn task lambda draw torus torus task add a task ls tasks rm task torus task spawn timed task time thunk Returns void Launches a new timed task which will happen in the future on the frame that the time specifies Use time now rather than time to obtain the time need to sort that out Example spawn timed task time now 10 schedule a task 10
120. ller this number the wider the camera angle Page 42 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Fogging Not strictly a camera setting but fog fades out objects as they move away from the camera giving the impression of aerial perspective fog vector 0 0 1 0 01 1 1000 The first number is the colour of the fog followed by the strength keep it low then the start and end of the fogging which don t appear to work on my graphics card at least Fog used to be used as a way of hiding the back clipping plane or making it slightly less jarring so things fade away rather than disappear however it also adds a lot of realism to outdoor scenes and I m a big fan of finding more creative uses for it Using multiple cameras Todo hiding things in different camera views Noise and randomness Noise and randomness is used in computer animation in order to add dirt to your work This is very important as the computer is clean and boring by default Randomness Scheme has it s own built in set of random operations but Fluxus comes with a set of it s own to make life a bit easier for you Random number operations These basic random commands return numbers rndf returns a number between 0 and 1 crndf centred returns a number between 1 and 1 grndf returns a Gaussian random number centred on 0 with a variance of 1 Random vector ope
121. lly fluxus scripts are written in text buffers which can be switched to with ctrl and the numbers keys Switch to the first one of these by pressing ctrl 1 ctrl O switched you back to the fluxus console Now try entering the following command build cube Now press F5 or ctrl e the script will be executed and a white cube should appear in the centre of the screen Use the mouse and to move around the cube pressing the buttons to get different movement controls To animate a cube using audio try this buffersize and samplerate need to match jack s start audio jack port to read sound from 256 44100 define render colour vector gh 1 gh 2 gh 3 draw cube every frame render To briefly explain the every frame function takes a function which is called once per frame by fluxus s internal engine In this case it calls a function that sets the current colour using harmonics from the incoming sound with the gh get harmonic function and draws a cube Note that this time we use draw cube not build cube The difference will be explained below If everything goes as planned and the audio is connected with some input the cube will flash in a colourful manner along with the sound Now go and have a play with the examples Load them by pressing ctrl l or on the commandline by entering the examples directory and typing fluxus Page 4 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative
122. lybuilder is an experimental way of building polygonal objects using a logo style turtle in 3D space As E you drive the turtle around you can place vertices and P d QN build shapes procedurally The turtle can also be used to deform existing polygonal primitives by attaching it to objects you have already created This script simply builds a single polygon circle by playing jy ction 32 A the age old turtle trick of looping a function that moves a circle l bit turns a bit define build n turtle reset turtle prim 4 build loop n n turtle build Page 48 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define build loop n t turtle turn vector 0 360 t 0 turtle move 1 turtle vert if n 1 0 build loop n 1 t backfacecull 0 clear hint unlit hint wire line width 4 build 10 For a more complex example just modify the build loop function as so define build loop n t turtle turn vector 0 360 t 0 turtle move 1 turtle vert if n 1 0 begin Illustration 33 A circle add another call to the recursion of circles build loop n 1 t turtle turn vector 0 0 45 twist a bit build loop n 1 t Notes on writing large programs in fluxus When writing large programs in fluxus I ve found that there are some aspects of the language the PLT scheme dialect to be mo
123. man Gabor Papp Fabien Pelisson Jeff Rose James Tittle Computers are useless They can only give you answers Pablo Picasso 1881 1973 language Returns Example Language Docs Fluxus is comprised of a set of functions which extend Scheme for use in realtime computer graphics Scheme itself is out of the scope of this documentation but fluxus is a good way of learning it I reccommend The Little Schemer by by Daniel P Friedman and Matthias Felleisen The functions are grouped into sections to make things a bit easier to find Page 173 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic help sections for a list of all sections help sectionname to find out more about a section help functionname to find out more about a function The idea is that you can find a function you are interested in by doing something like this help sections list of sections help maths description and list of maths functions help vmul details about the function with example toplap Returns Example TOPLAP MANEFESTO We demand Give us access to the performer s mind to the whole human instrument Obscurantism is dangerous Show us your screens Programs are instruments that can change themselves The program is to be transcended Artificial language is the way Code should be seen as well as heard underlyin
124. mand to your script define render scale vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 colour vector 0 0 5 1 draw cube every frame render Now your cube should get smaller This might be difficult to tell as you don t have anything to compare it with so we can add another cube like so define render colour vector 1 0 0 draw cube translate vector 2 0 0 scale vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 colour vector 0 0 5 1 draw cube every frame render Now you should see two cubes a red one then the blue one moved to one side by the translate procedure and scaled to half the size of the red one define render colour vector 1 0 0 draw cube translate vector 2 0 0 scale vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 rotate vector 0 45 0 colour vector 0 0 5 1 draw cube every frame render Page 9 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic For completeness added a rotate procedure to twist the blue cube 45 degrees Recursion To do more interesting things we will write a procedure to draw a row of cubes This is done by recursion where a procedure can call itself and keep a record of how many times it s called itself and end after so many iterations In order to stop calling our self as a procedure we need to take a decision we use cond for decisions define draw row count cond not zero count draw cube translate vector
125. map Returns void A way of using lists as sequences The lists can be of differing length leading to polyrhythms Example seq lambda time clock clock map lambda nt cutoff play time mul adsr 0 0 1 0 0 mooglp saw note nt cutoff 0 4 clock list 39 28 3 list 0 1 0 1 0 4 0 9 zmod clock number count number Returns true or false Just shorthand for zero modulo clock number count number as it can be used a lot Example seq lambda time clock when zmod clock 4 play the note every 4th beat play time mul adsr 0 1 0 0 sine note nt seq proc Returns void Sets the global fluxa sequence procedure which will be called automatically in order to create new events seq can be repeatedly called to update the procedure as in livecoding Example seq lambda time clock when zmod clock 4 play the note every 4th beat play time mul adsr 0 0 1 0 0 sine note nt Page 69 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic scheme utils Description High level fluxus commands written in Scheme detach parent Returns void Removes the parent for the current primitive and fixes up the transform so the primitive doesn t move Use parent 1 to avoid this fix up Example builds and animates a random heirarchical structure click on the objects to detach them from their parents define
126. midi Description MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface and it enables electronic musical instruments computers and other equipment to communicate control and synchronize with each other Fluxus can receive MIDI control change and note messages Example display midi info newline midi init 1 define midi test with state scale vector 1 midi ccn 0 1 1 midi ccn 0 2 1 midi ccn 0 3 draw cube every frame midi test midi info Returns a list of midi port number midi port name string pairs Returns information about the available MIDI input ports Example midi info midi init port number Returns void Opens the specified MIDI input port Example midi init 1 midi cc channel number controller number Returns controller value number Returns the controller value Example midi cc 0 1 Page 81 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic midi ccn channel number controller number Returns controller value number Returns the controller value normalised to the 0 1 interval Example midi ccn 1 midi note Returns Z on off symbol channel note velocity or f Returns the next event from the MIDI note event queue or f if the queue is empty Example midi note midi peek Returns msg string Returns the name and event type and parameter bytes of the last MID
127. mitive build pixels 100 100 pdata map Lambda colour rndvec Hen pixels upload Blobby Primitives Blobby primitives are a higher level implicit surface representation in fluxus which is defined using influences in space These influences are summed together and a particular value is meshed using the marching cubes algorithm to form a smooth surface The influences can be animated and the smooth surface moves and deforms to adapt giving the primitive it s blobby name build blobby returns a new blobby primitive id Numinfluences is the number of blobs Subdivisions allows you to control the resolution of the surface in each dimension while boundingvec sets the bounding area of the primitive in local object space The mesh will not be calculated outside of this area Influence positions and colours need to be set using pdata set build blobby numinfluences subdivisionsvec boundingvec Illustration 24 A blobby primitive doing it s thing Page 36 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Pdata Types Use Name Data Type Position p 3 vector Strength S number Colour C 3 vector Converting to polygons Blobbies can be slow to calculate if you only need static meshes without animation you can convert them into polygon primitives with blobby gt poly blobby id num Deformation in this chapter signifies
128. much saner way of dealing with containers of data than using lists alone Let s start again with the robots example define struct robot pos vel root Where pos is the current position of the robot vel it s velocity and root is the primitive for the robot The define struct automatically generates the following functions we can immediately use define myrobot make robot vector 0 0 0 vector 0 0 0 build cube returns a new robot robot pos myrobot returns the position of the robot robot vel myrobot returns the velocity of the robot robot root myrobot returns the root primitive for the robot This makes for very readable code as all the data has meaning no numbers to decipher It also means we can insert new data and not have to rewrite a lot of code which is very important The world can now become define struct world robots And be used like this build a world with three robots define myworld make world list make robot vector 0 0 0 vector 1 0 0 build cube make robot vector 1 0 0 vector 1 0 0 build cube make robot vector 2 0 0 vector 1 0 0 build cube get the 2 robot s root primitive robot root list ref world robots myworld 1 Mutable state So far we have only used get s not set s This is partly because setting state is seen as slightly distasteful in Scheme so you have to use the following syntax to enable it in a struct define struct robot pos
129. n and it s argument from the internals or body of the procedure Scheme doesn t care about white space in it s code again it s all about making it readable to us Making some shapes Now we know enough to make some shapes with fluxus To start with leave the console by pressing ctrl 1 you can go back at any time by pressing ctrl 0 Fluxus is now in script editing mode You can write a script execute it by pressing F5 edit it further press F5 again this is the normal way fluxus is used Enter this script define render draw cube every frame render Then press F5 you should see a cube on the screen drag the mouse around the fluxus window and you should be able to move the camera left mouse for Page 8 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic rotate middle for zoom right for translate This script defines a procedure that draws a cube and calls it every frame resulting in a static cube You can change the colour of the cube like so define render colour vector 0 0 5 1 draw cube every frame render The colour command sets the current colour and takes a single input a vector Vectors are used a lot in fluxus to represent positions and directions in 3D space and colours which are treated as triplets of red green and blue So in this case the cube should turn a light blue colour Transforms Add a scale com
130. neric different particle effects It is created in a similar way to the solid objects scene particles And comes with a set of parameters you can control explicitly or via behaviours scene particles colour vec3 1 1 1 translate vector 0 0 0 scale vector 0 1 0 1 0 1 rotate vector 0 0 0 texture test png rate 1 speed 0 1 spread 360 reverse f Function reference This is an exhaustive description of each function in fluxus and is adapted from the in fluxus help system eR HR HR R HR E SE fluxa Description Fluxa is the fluxus audio synth for livecoding it contains quite basic atomic components which can be used together to create more complicated sounds It uses an experimental and fairly brutal method of graph node garbage collection which gives it certain non deterministic qualities It s also been battle tested in many a live performance The fluxa server needs to be run and connected to jack in order for you to hear anything Also fluxa is not in the default namespace so use eg require fluxus 016 fluxa reload Returns void Causes samples to be reloaded if you need to restart the fluxa server Example reload Page 62 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic sine frequency number or node Returns node id number Creates a sine wave generator node Example play now mul sine 440 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 sa
131. nformation that exists in primitives fluxus also allows you to add your own per vertex data to any primitive User pdata can be written or read in the same way as the built in pdata types pdata add name type Where name is a string with the name you wish to call it and type is a one character string consisting of f float data v vector data Illustration 26 A particle explosion c colour data m matrix data pdata copy source destination This will copy a array of pdata or overwrite an existing one with if it already exists Adding your own storage for data on primitives means you can use it as a fast way of reading and writing data even if the data doesn t directly affect the primitive An example of a particle explosion setup the scene clear show fps 1 point width 4 hint anti alias build our particle primitive define particles build particles 1000 set up the particles with primitive particles pdata add vel v add the velocity user pdata of type vector pdata map init the velocities lambda vel vmul vsub vector flxrnd flxrnd flxrnd vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 1 vel pdata map init the colours lambda c vector flxrnd flxrnd 1 0 c blur 0 1 a procedure to animate the particles Page 38 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define animate with pr
132. nt camera transform To unlock again call reset camera Example define tx get camera transform Page 164 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic set help locale locale string Returns void Sets the language for the documentation Example set help locale pt switch to portuguese set help locale en and back to english help function string Returns void Displays help information on a fluxus function For running in the repl mainly Example help pop key pressed key string Returns boolean Returns true if the specified key is currently pressed down Example when key pressed q display q pressed keys down Returns keys list Returns a list of keys pressed down Example display keys down newline key special pressed key number Returns boolean Returns true if the specified special key is currently pressed down Special keys are ones which do not map to ascii values The easiest way of finding what they are is to print out the result of key special pressed while holding down the key you are after Example when key special pressed 100 display left cursor pressed when key special pressed 102 display right cursor pressed when key special pressed 101 display up cursor pressed when key special pressed 103 display down cursor pressed Page 165 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is
133. o expand or shrink the volume it uses for collision detection Note The bounding box used is not the same one as you see with hint box which is affected by the primitive s transform bb intersect generates new bounding boxes which are all axis aligned for speed of comparison Ray Casting Another extremely useful technique is to create rays or lines in the scene and get information about where on primitives they intersect with This can be used for detailed collision detection or in more complex techniques like raytracing line intersect line start position line end position This command returns a list of pdata values at the points where the line intersects with the current Illustration 30 The points at which a line intersects with a torus Page 45 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic primitive The clever thing is that it values for the precise intersection point not just the closest vertex The list it returns is designed to be accessed using Scheme assoc command An intersection list looks like this collision point list collision point list Where a collision point list looks like p position vector t texture vector n normal vector c colour vector The green sphere in the illustration are positioned on the p pdata positions returned by the following snippet of code with primitive s for each Lambda intersec
134. object object Z translate vec3 0 1 0 scale vec3 0 1 1 0 1 Z rotate vec3 0 45 0 texture test png hints unlit wire It doesn t matter what order you specify parameters in the results will be the same The transform order is always translate first then rotate then scale Animation FrTime makes specifying movement very simple object rotate vec3 0 integral 10 0 Makes a cube which rotates 10 degrees every second Rather than setting the angles explicitly integral specifies the amount the rotation changes every second We can also do this Page 59 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic object rotate vec3 integral 0 10 0 Which is easier in some situations Making things reactive What we have made with the integral command is what is called a behaviour it s value depends on time This is a core feature of FrTime and there are many ways to create and manipulate behaviours Frisbee also gives you some default behaviours which represent changing information coming from the outside world object Z rotate vec3 mouse x mouse y 0 This rotates the cube according to the mouse position object colour key press b c vec3 1 0 0 vec3 0 1 0 This changes the colour of the cube when you press the c key object translate vec3 0 key control b q a 0 01 0 This moves the cube up and down a
135. ome common problems l ve seen with the resulting movies fall into two categories Syncing lags and gets worse with time The call to start audio has the wrong buffer size As set this in my fluxus scm I often forget this Set it correctly and re render Some lagging may happen unavoidably with really long over 20 minutes or so animations Syncing is offset in a constant manner This happens when the start of the audio does not quite match the first frame You can try adding or removing some silence at the beginning of the audio track to sort this out often just encode the first couple of seconds until I get it right Fluxus In DrScheme DrScheme is a integrated development environment for Scheme and it comes as part of PLT scheme so you will have it installed if you are using lt A fluxus ds File Edt View Language Scheme Special Help You can use it instead of the built in fluxus scratchpad editor for writing scheme scripts Reasons to want to do this include e The ability to profile and debug scheme code e Better editing environment than m the fluxus scratchpad editor will ever provide pyre e Makes fluxus useful in more ways with the addition of widgets multiple views etc Illustration 34 Writing a fluxus script in DrScheme use it a lot for writing larger scheme scripts All you need to do is add the following line to the top of your fluxus script require flux
136. or each character with texture coordinates set to show the correct character from the texture This provides a fast and cheap way of displaying text and is useful for debugging or if the text is quite small You can probably also find quite creative ways of using this just as a way of chopping up a texture into little squares Type Primitive The type primitive provides a much higher quality typeface rendering than the text primitive It creates polygonal geometry from a ttf font and some text Optionally you can also extrude the text which results in 3D Illustration 21 Boring old helvetica extruded Page 34 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic shapes build type ttf font filename text build extruded type ttf font filename text extrude depth You can also convert the type primitive into a polygon primitive for further deformation or applying textures with type gt poly type prim id Illustration 22 Wingdings converted to a poly primitive with a texture applied Locator primitive The locator is a null primitive as it doesn t render anything Locators are useful for various tasks you can use them as a invisible scene node to group primitive under They are also used to build skeletons for skinning To view them you can turn on hint origin which draws an axis representing their transform hint origin build locator Pixel primitiv
137. peek newline osc send name string format string argument list Returns void Sends an osc message with the argument list as the osc data Only supports Page 163 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic floats ints and strings as data The format string should be composed of i f and s and must match the types given in the list This could probably be removed by using the types directly but doing it this way allows you to explicitly set the typing for the osc message Example osc destination osc udp localhost 4444 osc send hello sif list boo 3 42 3 send a message to this destination scratchpad Description Functions available as part of the fluxus scratchpad reset camera Returns void Resets the camera transform useful if it becomes trashed or you get lost somewhere in space Also turns off camera locking to objects with lock camera Example ruin the camera transform set camera transform vector 123 41832 28 0 2 128 0 001 123 41832 28 0 2 128 0 001 0 2 100 13 1931 Set it back to the starting position orientation reset camera set camera transform transform matrix Returns void Overrides and locks the camera transform with your own To unlock again call reset camera Example set camera transform mtranslate vector 0 0 10 get camera transform Returns transform matrix Returns the curre
138. primitive Example define mynewshape build sphere 10 10 define myothernewshape build copy mynewshape make pfunc name string Returns pfuncid number Makes a new primitive function pfuncs range from general purpose to complex and specialised operations which you can run on primitives All pfuncs share the same interface for controlling and setting them up pfunc set All pfunc types and arguments are as follows arithmetic For applying general arithmetic to any pdata array operator string one of add sub mul div src string pdata array name other string pdata array name optional constant float constant value optional dst string pdata array name genskinweights Generates skinweights adds float pdata called s1 gt sn where n is the number of nodes in the skeleton 1 skeleton root primid number the root of the bindpose skeleton for skinning sharpness float a control of how sharp the creasing will be when skinned skinweights gt vertcols A utility for visualising skinweights for debugging no arguments skinning Skins a primitive deforms it to follow a skeleton s movements Primitives we want to run this on have to contain extra pdata copies of the starting vert positions called pref and the same for normals if normals are being skinned called nref skeleton root primid number the root primitive of the animating skeleton bindpose root primid number the root primitive of the bindpose skeleton skin normals
139. primitive build torus 1 2 20 20 multitexture 0 load texture test png multitexture 1 load texture refmap png pdata copy t t1 make a copy of the existing texture coords pdata map lambda t1 vmul t1 2 make the refmap png texture smaller than test png t1 This is where multitexturing really comes into it s own as you can move and deform textures individually over the surface of a primitive One use for this is applying textures like stickers over the top of a background texture another is to use a separate alpha cut out texture from a colour texture and have the colour texture swimming while the cut out stays still Mipmapping There is more to load texture than we have explained so far It can also take a list of parameters to change how a texture is generated By default when a texture is loaded a set of mipmaps are generated for it mipmaps are smaller versions of the texture to use when the object is further away from the camera and are precalculated in order to speed up rendering One of the common things you may want to do is turn off mipmapping as the blurriness can be a problem sometimes texture load texture refmap png generate mipmaps 0 mip level 0 don t make mipmaps and send to the top mip level texture params min linear turn off mipmap blending Another interesting texture trick is to supply your own mipmap levels Setup a mipmapped texture with our own images you
140. r 1 0 0 vector 0 1 0 kick shapel vector 0 2 0 set physics debug t build amotorjoint primitiveid1 number primitiveid2 number axis vector Returns hingeid number Creates a angular motor joint to connect two objects see the ode docs for a detailed description of the differences between the joint types ODE considers joints to be a constraint that is enforced between two objects When creating a joint it is important to have the two primitives being joined in the desired positions before creating the joint Joints can be created modified and indexed in a similar way to other primitives Page 90 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 1 collisions 1 define shapel with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shapel define shape2 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shape2 build amotorjoint shapel shape2 vector 1 0 0 kick shapel vector 0 2 0 set physics debug t joint param jointid number param string value number Returns hingeid number Sets the joint parameter for a joint where param is one of the following HiStop Vel FMax FudgeFactor Bounce CFM StopERP StopCFM SuspensionERP SuspensionCFM Vel2 FMax2 see section 7 5 1 of the ODE docs for an explanation of each of these parameters and
141. r for u and v the 3rd number is ignored Vertex colours C 4 vector rgba Polygon topology and pdata With polygonal objects we need to connect the vertices defined by the pdata into faces that describe a surface The topology of the polygon primitive sets ZAA OLI how this happens Illustration 14 triangle ie topology Illustration 15 triangle strip topology Illustration 16 triangle fan Illustration 13 quad list topology Illustration 17 polygon topology This lookup is the same for all the pdata on a particular polygon primitive vertex positions normals colours and texture coordinates Although using these topologies means the primitive is optimised to be very Page 31 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic quick to render it costs some memory as points are duplicated this can also cause a big speed impact if you are doing lots of per vertex calculation The most optimal poly topology are triangle strips as they maximise the sharing of vertices but also see indexed polygons for a potentially even faster method You can find out the topology of a polygon primitive like this define p build cube with primitive p display poly type newline prints out quad list Indexed polygons The other way of improving efficiency is converting polygons to indexed mode Indexing means that vertices in different faces
142. rapped around the ends Example Page 145 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define mynewshape build cylinder 10 10 build ribbon numpoints number Returns primitiveid number Builds a ribbon consisting of numpoints points The geometry is constantly camera facing and is texture mapped so the texture is stretched along the ribbon from start to finish You use the pdata functions to edit the postions and widths of the segments If used lit the normals are faked to approximate a circular cross section Additionally if solid rendering is cleared with hint none and hint wire is activated a faster constant width line will be drawn width specified by the line width command Example define mynewshape build ribbon 10 build text text string Returns primitiveid number Builds a sequence of planes texture mapped so that a font texture can be used to display text Might also be useful for more abstract things The font assumed to be non proportional there is an example font shipped with fluxus Ok so this isn t a very good font texture Example texture load texture font png define mynewshape build text hello build type ttf filename text string Returns primitiveid number Builds a geometric type primitive from a ttf font and some text Example clear wire colour vector 0 0 1 this font should be on the default
143. rations More often than not when writing fluxus scripts you are interested in getting random vectors in order to perturb or generate random positions in space directions to move in or colours rndvec returns a vector where the elements are between 0 and 1 crndvec returns a vector where the elements are between 1 and 1 srndvec returns a vector represented by a point inside a sphere of radius 1 hsrndvec a vector represented by a point on the surface of a sphere radius 1 hollow sphere grndvec a Gaussian position centred on 0 0 0 with variance of 1 Page 43 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic These are much better described by a picture rndvec crndvec srndvec hsrndvec grndvec Illustration 28 The 5 types of random vector command illustrated by distributing particles using them Noise Todo Scene Inspection So far we have mostly looked at describing objects and deformations to fluxus so it can build scenes for you Another powerful technique is to get fluxus to inspect your scene and give you information on what is there Scene graph inspection The simplest and perhaps most powerful commands for inspection are these commands Illustration 29 Procedurally painting a texture using a particle system and ray casting to find collision points and texture coordinates and then writing to a pixel primitive
144. re coordinates go outside of this range can be changed by you using texture params but by default the texture is repeated The polygon and NURBS shapes fluxus provides you with are all given a default set of coordinates These coordinates are part of the pdata for the primitive which are covered in more detail later on The texture coordinate pdata array is called t a simple example which will magnify the texture by a factor of two pdata map lambda t vmul t 0 5 shrinking the texture coordinates zooms into the texture men Texture parameters There are plenty of extra parameters you can use to change the way a texture is applied texture params texture unit number param list We ll cover the texture unit number in multitexturing below but the param list can look something like this texture params 0 min nearest mag nearest super aliased amp blocky texture The best approach is to have a play and see what these do for yourself but here are the parameters in full tex env one of modulate decal blend replace Changes the way a texture is applied to the colour of the existing surface min nearest linear nearest mipmap nearest linear mipmap nearest linear mipmap linear mag nearest linear These set the filter types which deal with minification when the texture s pixels called texels are smaller than the screen pixels being rendered to This defaults to linear mipmap linear Also magni
145. re precise which are essential in managing code and keeping things tidy See the PLT documentation on structs and classes for more detail but I ll give some fluxus related examples to work with For example at first we can get along quite nicely with using lists alone to store data Let s use as an example a program with a robot we wish to control define myrobot list vector 0 0 0 vector 1 0 0 build cube We use a list to store the robot s position velocity and a primitive associated with it We could then use list ref myrobot 0 returns the position of the robot list ref myrobot 1 returns the velocity of the robot list ref myrobot 2 returns the root primitive of the robot To get at the values of the robot and use them later Seems pretty handy but this has problems when we scale up the problem say we want to make a world Page 49 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic to keep our robots in build a world with three robots define world list list vector 0 0 vector 1 0 0 build cube list vector 1 0 0 vector 1 0 0 build cube list vector 2 0 0 vector 1 0 0 build cube And then say we want to access the 2 robot s root primitive list ref list ref world 1 2 It all starts to get a little confusing as we are indexing by number Structs Structs are simple containers that allow you to name data This is a
146. re very restricted in that you can t edit them or change their resolution settings etc but they are handy to use for quick scripts with simple shapes Primitive types Primitives are the most interesting things in fluxus as they are the things which actually get rendered and make up the scene Polygon Primitive Polygon primitives are the most versatile primitives as fluxus is really designed around them The other primitives are added in order to achieve special effects and have specific roles The other primitive types often have commands to convert them into polygon primitives for further processing There are many commands which create polygon imiti Illustration 12 A poly cube prim Itives textured with test png build cube Page 30 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic build sphere 10 10 build torus 1 2 10 10 build plane build seg plane 10 10 build cylinder 10 10 build polygons 100 triangles The last one is useful if you are building your own shapes from scratch the others are useful for giving you some preset shapes All build functions return an id number which you can store and use to modify the primitive later on Pdata Types The pdata arrays available for polygons are as follows Use Name Data Type Vertex position p 3 vector Vertex normal n 3 vector Vertex texture coords t 3 vecto
147. reating the vectors as points returns the squared distance between them Faster than vdist Example vdist sq vector 100 100 0 vector 100 vcross vector vector Returns result vector Returns the cross product of two vectors resulting in a vector that is perpendicular to the crossed ones Example vcross vector 100 100 0 vector 0 0 100 mmul matrix vector matrix vector Returns matrix vector Multiplies two matrices together Example mmul mtranslate vector 1 0 0 mrotate vector 90 0 madd matrix vector matrix vector Returns matrix vector Adds two matrices together Example madd mtranslate vector 1 0 0 mrotate vector 0 90 0 msub matrix vector matrix vector Returns matrix vector Subtracts a matrix from another Example msub mtranslate vector 1 0 0 mrotate vector 90 0 mdiv matrix vector matrix vector Returns matrix vector Page 98 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Divides a matrix by another Example mdiv mtranslate vector 1 0 0 mrotate vector 0 90 0 mident Returns matrix vector Returns the identity matrix Example mident mtranslate vector Returns matrix vector Returns a matrix representing the specified transform Example mtranslate vector 100 0 0 mrotate vector Returns matrix vector Returns a matrix representing the specified rotation Accepts a vector
148. ribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Draws a torus in the current state in immediate mode primitive Example define render draw torus every frame render destroy primitiveid number Returns void Deletes a built primitive from the renderer primitive Example define mynewshape build sphere 10 10 destroy mynewshape poly indices Returns void Gets the vertex indices from this primitive primitive Example define p build cube with primitive p poly convert to indexed display poly indices newline poly type enum Returns void Returns the enum value representing the type of the current polygon primitive This is needed as can t get my scheme scripts to recognise symbols returned from here Use poly type instead of this directly primitive Example define poly type let t poly type enum cond eq t 0 triangle strip eq t 1 quad list eq t 2 triangle list eq t 3 triangle fan eq t 4 polygon poly indexed Returns void Page 154 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Returns true if the current polygon primitive is in indexed mode primitive Example define p build polygons 3 triangle strip with primitive p poly convert to indexed display poly indexed newline poly set index index list Returns void Switches the primitive to indexed mode and
149. rite to previous vertices Example turtle skip 1 turtle position Returns count number When attached returns the current pdata index the turtle is writing to Example display turtle position newline turtle seek position number Returns void When attached sets the absolute pdata index the turtle is writing to Example turtle seek 0 physics Description The physics system used in fluxus is based on the ode library which allows you to add physical properties to objects and set them in motion Since ODE is designed for rigid body simulations structures are described in terms of objects joints and forces A much more comprehensive explanation of these concepts can be found in the ODE documentation which you have probably downloaded if you have compiled fluxus or can be found at url http ode org ode docs html To help with debugging joints try calling render physics every frame which will render locators showing you positions and axes of joints that have positional information collisions on off number Returns void Enables or disables collision detection Defaults to off Example collisions 1 Page 85 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic ground plane plane vector offset number Returns void Create an infinite passive plane for use as the ground Example ground plane vector 0 1 0 0 active box primitiveid num
150. rs Returns void Deletes all the renderers and makes a new default one Example reset renderers reshape width number height number Returns void Calls reshape on the current renderer Example reshape 100 100 fluxus init Returns void Inits the whole rendering system only needs calling once Example fluxus init fluxus error log Returns void Page 109 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Returns a string containing error information for the last frame Example display fluxus error 1l09g audio Description This part of fluxus is responsible for capturing the incoming sound and processing it into harmonic data using fft Fast Fourier Transform The harmonics are bands of frequency which the sound is split into giving some indication of the quality of the sound It s the same as you see on a graphic equaliser in fact one of the example scripts bars scm acts as a graphic equaliser display and should be used to test the audio is working Example start audio alsa pcm capture 1 1024 44100 define animate colour vector gh 1 gh 2 gh 3 make a colour from the harmonics and set it to be the current colour draw cube draw a cube with this colour every frame animate start audio jackport string buffersize number samplerate number Returns void Starts up the audio with the specified settings you
151. ructure define build heir depth with state let p with state translate vector 2 0 0 scale 0 9 build cube when depth 0 parent p for i in range 0 5 when zero random 3 rotate vector 0 O0 45 crndf build heir depth 1 navigate the scene graph and print it out define print heir children for each lambda child with primitive child printf id a parent a children a n child get parent get children print heir get children children clear build heir 5 print heir get children util functions Description Handy functions to make your life easier time Returns time number Returns the number of seconds fraction since midnight January 1st 1970 This is the simpest animation source for your scripts Example Page 159 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define animate rotate vector sin time 0 0 draw cube every frame animate delta Returns time number Time in seconds since the last frame Used to make animation frame rate independant Example define animate rotate vector delta 10 0 0 draw cube every frame animate flxrnd Returns random number Returns a random number between 0 and 1 Example define animate colour vector flxrnd flxrnd flxrnd draw cube every frame animate
152. s before creating the joint Joints can be created modified and indexed in a similar way to other primitives Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 1 collisions 1 define shapel with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shapel Page 89 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define shape2 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shape2 build sliderjoint shapel shape2 vector 1 0 0 kick shapel vector 0 2 0 set physics debug t build hinge2joint primitiveid1 number primitiveid2 number anchor vector axis1 vector axis2 vector Returns hingeid number Creates a hinge2 joint to connect two objects see the ode docs for a detailed description of the differences between the joint types ODE considers joints to be a constraint that is enforced between two objects When creating a joint it is important to have the two primitives being joined in the desired positions before creating the joint Joints can be created modified and indexed in a similar way to other primitives Example clear ground plane vector 0 1 0 1 collisions 1 define shapel with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shapel define shape2 with state translate vector 1 0 0 build cube active box shape2 build hinge2joint shapel shape2 vector 0 0 vecto
153. s the render hints to stippled wireframe of the current drawing state or the current primitive Example hint none hint wire stippled build cube make a stippled wirefame cube line pattern factor pattern Returns void Factor specifies a multiplier for each bit in the line stipple pattern Pattern specifies a 16 bit integer whose bit pattern determines which fragments of a line will be drawn when the line is rasterized Example hint none hint wire stippled line pattern 4 x0aaaa build cube make a stippled wirefame cube hint normal Returns void Sets the render hints to display normals in the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint normal build cube display the normals on this cube hint points Returns void Sets the render hints to display points in the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint points build cube display the vertex points on this cube Page 133 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic hint anti alias Returns void Sets the render hints to anti
154. s two signals Example play now mul div sine 440 2 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 pow number or node number or node Returns node id number Maths node produces a signal raised to the power of another Example play now mul pow adsr 0 1 0 0 10 sine 440 Page 64 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic adsr attack number or node decay number or node sustain number or node release number or node Returns node id number Creates an envelope generator node Example play now mul sine 440 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 mooglp signal node cutoff number or node resonance number or node Returns node id number Creates an low pass moog filter node Example play now mul mooglp squ 440 0 1 0 4 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 moogbp signal node cutoff number or node resonance number or node Returns node id number Creates an band pass moog filter node Example play now mul moogbp squ 440 0 1 0 4 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 mooghp signal node cutoff number or node resonance number or node Returns node id number Creates an high pass moog filter node Example play now mul mooghp squ 440 0 1 0 4 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 formant signal node cutoff number or node resonance number or node Returns node id number Creates a formant filter node Example play now mul formant squ 440 0 1 0 4 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 Page 65 Fluxus Manual version 0 16
155. s you press the q and a keys by 0 01 units Spawning objects So far all the objects we have created have stayed active for the duration of the program running Sometimes we want to control the lifetime of an object or create new ones This is obviously important for many games To do this we need to introduce events Events are another basic part of FrTime and therefore Frisbee and behaviours can be turned into events and vice versa Events are things which happen at a specific time rather than behaviours which can always be asked for their current value For this reason events can t be directly used for driving objects in Frisbee in the same way as behaviours can but they are used for triggering new objects into or out of existence Here is a script which creates a continuous stream of cubes scene factory lambda e object translate vec3 integral 0 1 0 0 metro 1 5 Page 60 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic There are several new things happening here Firstly the metro command is short for metronome which creates a stream of events happening at the rate specified 1 per second in this case factory is a command that listens to a stream of events taken as it s second argument and runs a procedure passed as it s first argument on each one passing the event in as an argument to the supplied function So in this case each time
156. script first Example blur 0 1 for nice trails fog fogcolour vector amount number begin number end number Returns void Sets the fogging parameters to give a visual depth cue aerial perspective in painter s jargon This can obscure the on screen editing so keep the amount small Example clear colour vector 0 0 1 looks nice if the background matches fog vector 0 0 1 0 01 1 100 blue fog show axis show number Returns void Shows the worldspace origin axis used Example show axis 1 Page 112 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic show fps show number Returns void Shows an fps count in the lower left of the screen used Example show fps 1 lock camera primitiveid number Returns void Locks the camera transform onto the specified primitive s transform It s like parenting the camera to the object This is the easiest way to procedurally drive the camera Use an id number of 0 to unlock the camera Example clear define obj build cube make a cube for the camera to lock to with state make a background cube so we can tell what s happening hint wire hint unlit texture load texture test png colour vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 scale vector 20 10 10 build cube lock camera obj lock the camera to our first cube camera lag 0 1 set the lag amount this will smooth out the cube jittery
157. state in fluxus in a cleaner and safer manner self test do logging Returns void Runs all of the function reference scripts in a separate thread so you can watch it in action Just checks for syntactic errors in the scheme changes in bound C function signatures and crashes Graphical code is difficult to test for correctness further that s my excuse If do logging is true it outputs a log text file to the current directory for debugging Example self test t Page 176 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic run scripts path to examples Returns void Runs all of the example scripts in a separate thread so you can watch it in action Example run scripts path to scripts seconds per script Page 177
158. stead Example framedump picture jpg framedump filename Returns void For rendering images that are bigger than the screen for printing or other similar stuff This command uses a tiled rendering method to render bits of the image and splice them together into the image to save Reads the filename extension to decide on the format used for saving tif jpg or ppm are supported Example tiled framedump picture jpg 3000 2000 Page 161 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic OSC Description OSC stands for Open Sound Control and is a widely used protocol for passing data between multimedia applications Fluxus can send or receive messages Example An example of using osc to communicate between pd and fluxus A fluxus script to move a cube based on incoming osc messages osc scm define value 0 define test push if osc msg zzz set value osc 0 translate vector 1 0 value draw cube pop osc source 6543 every frame test EOF A PD patch to send control messages to fluxus ZZZ pd N canvas 618 417 286 266 10 XX obj 58 161 sendOSC X msg 73 135 connect localhost 6543 XX msg 58 82 send zzz 1 X floatatom 58 295000 XX obj 58 54 100 X obj 73 110 loadbang X connect 1 0 0 9 X connect 2 0 X connect 3 0 X connect 4 0 X connect 5 0 osc source port str
159. t drawing modifiers widths are in pixels wire colour n line width n point width n Lighting modifiers specular v ambient v emissive v shinyness n Opacity Illustration 2 Some spheres with random materials over a textured plane Page 19 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic opacity n blend mode src dest The opacity command causes primitives to be semi transparent along with textures with an alpha component Alpha transparency brings with it some problems as it exposes the fact that primitives are drawn in a certain order which changes the final result where opacity is concerned This causes flicker and missing bits of objects behind transparent surfaces and is a common problem in realtime rendering The solution is usually either to apply the render hint hint ignore depth which causes primitives to render the same way every frame regardless of what s in front of them or hint depth sort which causes primitives with this hint to be sorted prior to rendering every frame so they render from the furthest to the closest order The depth is taken from the origin of the primitive you can view this with hint origin Texturing is a part of the local material state but is a complex topic worthy of a chapter in it s own right Loading textures Getting a texture loaded and applied to a primitive is pretty simple with sta
160. t drawing state or the current primitive Example hint none hint wire backfacecull 0 line width 5 wire colour vector 1 1 1 wire opacity 0 5 build cube makes a half transparent wireframe cube shinyness value Returns void Sets the shinyness of the current drawing state or the current primitive This Page 125 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic value sets the tightness of the specular highlight Example shinyness 100 specular vector 1 1 1 sets the specular colour define mysphere build sphere 10 10 makes a shiny cube colour colour vector Returns void Sets the colour of the current drawing state or the current primitive Example colour vector 1 0 5 0 1 mmm orange define mycube build cube makes an orange cube colour mode mode Returns void Changes the way Fluxus interprets colour data for the current drawing state or the current primitive Colourmode symbols can consist of rgb hsv Example clear colour mode hsv for x in range 10 translate vector 1 0 0 colour vector x 10 build cube 1 1 rgb gt hsv colour vector Returns vector Converts the RGB colour to HSV Example rgb gt hsv vector 1 0 5 0 1 hsv gt rgb colour vector Returns vector Converts the HSV colour to RGB Example clear for x in range 0 10
161. te texture load texture test png build cube Which applies the standard fluxus test texture to a cube Fluxus reads png files to use as its textures and they can be with or without an alpha channel The texture loading is memory cached This means that you can Call llustration 3 Abusing mipmapping to achieve a cheap load texture with the same textures f f freld effect as much as you want Fluxus will only actually load them from disk the first time This is great until you change the texture yourself i e if you save over the file from the Gimp and re run the script the texture won t change in your scene To get around this use clear texture cache Which will force a reload when load texture is next called on any texture It s sometimes useful to put this at the top of your script when you are going through the process of changing textures hitting F5 will cause them to be reloaded Page 20 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Texture coordinates In order to apply a texture to the surface of a primitive texture coordinates are needed which tell the renderer what parts of the shape are covered with what parts of the texture Texture coordinates consist of two values which range from O to 1 as they cross the texture pixels in the x or y direction by convention these are called s and t coordinates What happens when textu
162. th state when osc msg zzz translate vector 0 0 osc 0 draw cube And this is a pd patch which can be used to control the cube s position N canvas 618 417 286 266 10 X obj 58 161 sendOSC ZX msg 73 135 connect localhost 6543 4X msg 58 82 send zzz 1 X floatatom 58 29 5000 X obj 58 54 100 X obj 73 110 loadbang X connect 1 0 0 0 X connect 2 0 0 0 X connect 3 0 4 0 X connect 4 0 2 0 X connect 5 0 1 0 Time l ve decided to include time as a source of input as you could kind of say it comes from the outside world It s also a useful way of animating things and making animation more reliable time This returns the time in seconds since the program was started It returns a float number and is updated once per frame delta This command returns the time since the last frame delta is a very important command as it allows you to make your animation frame rate independent Consider the following script clear define my cube build cube every frame with primitive my cube rotate vector 5 0 0 This rotates my cube by one degree each frame The problem is that it will speed up as the framerate rises and slow down as it falls If you run the script on a different computer it will move at a different rate This used to be a problem when running old computer games they become unplayable as they run too fast on newer hardware The solution is to use delta P
163. the given number but I m working on it Example desiredfps 100000 makes fluxus render as fast as it can and take 100 cpu draw buffer buffer name Returns void Select which buffer to draw in for stereo mode you d do back right and back left Example draw buffer back read buffer buffer name Returns void Select which buffer to read from Example read buffer back set stereo mode mode Returns bool Page 121 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic select which stereo mode to use currently only crystal eyes and no stereo are supported the return indicates if the operation was successful or not crystal eyes will return false if you don t have a stereo window Example set stereo mode crystal eyes set colour mask vector Returns void sets the colour mask give it a quat of booleans which correspond to the red green blue and alpha channels respectively after this operation you ll only see those colour which you set to true this is useful for stereo with red blue glasses Example set colour mask t Xf f t shadow light number setting Returns void Sets the light to use for generating shadows set to 0 to disable shadow rendering Example shadow light 1 shadow length number setting Returns void Sets the length of the shadow volume rendering Example shadow length 10 shadow debug number se
164. the postions colours and sizes Particles come in two flavors camera facing sprites which are the default can be textured and individually scaled and points when hint points is set which cannot be textured but are much faster to render as they are hardware supported gl points By default these point particles are square turn on hint anti alias to make them circular Example define mynewshape build particles 100 Page 148 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic build locator Returns primitiveid number A locator is an empty primitive useful for parenting to when you don t want to have the parent object visible This primitive can only be visualised with hint origin to display it s local transform origin Example define mynewshape build locator locator bounding radius size number Returns void Sets the bounding box radius for the locator Example define mylocator build locator with primitive mylocator locator bounding radius 23 4 load primitive Returns primitiveid number Loads a primitive from disk Example define mynewshape load primitive octopus obj clear geometry cache Returns void Clears cached geometry so subsequent loads with come from the disk Example clear geometry cache save primitive Returns void Saves the current primitive to disk Example with primitive build sphere 10 10
165. them all names The State Machine The state machine is the key to understanding how fluxus works all it really means is that you can call functions which change the current context which has an effect on subsequent functions This is a very efficient way of describing things and is built on top of the OpenGI API which works in a similar way For example define draw colour vector 1 0 0 draw cube translate vector 2 0 0 move a bit so we can see the next cube colour vector 0 1 0 draw cube every frame draw Will draw a red cube then a green cube in this case you can think of the colour call as changing a pen colour before drawing something States can also be stacked for example define draw colour vector 1 0 0 with state colour vector 0 1 0 draw cube translate vector 2 0 0 draw cube every frame draw Page 13 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Will draw a green then a red cube The with state isolates a state and gives it a lifetime indicated by the brackets so changes to the state inside are applied to the build cube inside but do not affect the build cube afterwards Its useful to use the indentation to help you see what is happening The Scene graph Both examples so far have used what is known as immediate mode you have one state stack the top of which is the current context
166. tion with state draw a sphere at the intersection point translate cdr assoc p intersection colour vector 0 1 0 scale vector 0 3 0 3 0 3 draw sphere line intersect a b Primitive evaluation Pdata for each face pdata for each triangle pdata for each tri sample It s useful to be able to load and save primitives this is for several reasons You may wish to use other programs to make meshes and import them into fluxus or to export primitives you ve made in fluxus to render them in other programs It S also useful to save the primitive as a file if the process to create it in fluxus is very slow There are only two commands you need to know to do this load a primitive in define newprim load primitive filename Save it out again with primitive newprim save primitive filename Page 46 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic At present these commands work on poly and pixel primitives and load save obj and png files respectively COLLADA format support pansing geometries 9 Lib Collada is a standard file format for Pare thal geome ntes pa Nip parsing moonlanden lettwheel rear lib complex 3D scenes Collada files can be Miri Noon Jade r mu TEA tip loaded currently supported geometry is re puc Eu e triangular data vertex positions 7 normals and texture coordinates The Hees pur plan is to use collada for complex E
167. tle build turtle move distance number Returns void Moves the turtle forward in it s current orientation Example turtle move 1 turtle push Returns void The turtle build has it s own transform stack Push remembers the current Page 83 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic position and orientation Example turtle push turtle pop Returns void The turtle build has it s own transform stack Pop forgets the current position and orientation and goes back to the state at the last push Example turtle pop turtle turn rotation vector Returns void Rotates the turtle s orientation with the supplied euler angles rotations in x y and z Example turtle turn vector 45 0 0 turtle reset Returns void Resets the current position and rotation of the turtle to the origin Example turtle reset turtle attach primitiveid number Returns void Attaches the turtle to an existing poly primitive This means you are able to deform an existing objects points using the turtle builder Example define myshape build sphere 10 10 turtle attach myshape turtle skip count number Returns void When attached causes the turtle to skip vertices This value may be negative Page 84 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic which will set the turtle to w
168. ts to make sure everything is cleared out each time you execute Example clear without this we would accumulate a new cube every time F5 was pressed build cube start framedump name string type string Returns void Starts saving frames to disk Type can be one of tif jpg or ppm Filenames are built with the frame number added padded to 5 zeros Example start framedump frame jpg end framedump Returns void Stops saving frames to disk Example Page 167 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic end framedump set physics debug boolean Returns void Call with t to turn on debug rendering for the physics Example set physics debug t override frame callback callback function Returns void Allows you to override the frame callback to control the rendering loop of fluxus in a more detailed way Example override frame callback myfunc override frame callback default fluxus frame callback set it back again set auto indent tab size number Returns void Sets the tabs size for the prettification auto indent on ctrl p Defaults to 2 Example set auto indent tab 2 set camera update t f Returns void Turns off camera update allowing you to use set camera otherwise it gets written over by the mouse camera update The reason for needing this is that set camera transform doesn t work with multip
169. tting Returns void Turns on debug rendering of the shadow volume rendering Example shadow debug 1 Page 122 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic accum mode symbol value number Returns void Controls the accumulation buffer just calls glAccum under the hood Possible symbols are accum load return add mult Example accum add 1 print info Returns void Prints out a load of renderer information Example print info set cursor image name symbol Returns void Changes the mouse cursor Cursor image name symbols can consist of right arrow left arrow info destroy help cycle spray wait text crosshair up down left right top side bottom side left side right side top left corner top right corner bottom right corner bottom left corner full crosshair none inherit The default cursor image symbol when the window is created is inherit Example set cursor crosshair local state Description The local state functions control rendering either for the current state or the state of the current primitive In fluxus state means the way that things are displayed either turning on and off rendering features changing the style of different features or altering the current transform push Returns void Pushes a copy of the current drawing state to the top of the stack The drawing state conta
170. ttons Left mouse button Rotate Middle mouse button Move Right mouse button Zoom misc Returns Example Fluxus init script Fluxus looks for a script in your home directory called fluxus scm which it will run if it is found This is useful for putting init commands like connecting to jack or setting the help text language etc Frame rate throttling By default fluxus throttles the framerate to around 40fps to disable this and run at 100 cpu use desiredfps with some arbitrary large number desiredfps 100000000 To display the fps use show fps 1 Command line options The easiest way to load a script into fluxus is to specify it on the command line eg fluxus myscript scm Will launch fluxus and load the script into the editor Page 172 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic fluxus x myscript scm Will launch fluxus load hide and execute the script Use h to print all commandline options Fluxus also contains a keypress and mouse event recorder for recording livecoding sessions fluxus r filename record to keypresses file fluxus p filename playback from file fluxus p filename d time seconds per frame time override for playback for use with frame dump authors Returns Example Authors Glauber Alex Dias Prado Artem Baguinski Dan Bethell Nik Gaffney Dave Griffiths Claude Heiland Allen Alex Nor
171. u want and see what the code is Note These key codes may be platform specific Mouse You can find out the mouse coordinates with mouse x mouse y And whether mouse buttons are pressed with mouse button button number Which will return Zt if the button is down Select While we re on the subject of the mouse one of the best uses for it is selecting primitives which you can do with select screen x screen y size Which will render the bit of the screen around the x y coordinate and return the id of the highest primitive in the z buffer To give a better example click on the donuts clear define make donuts n when not zero n with state translate vmul srndvec 5 scale 0 1 build torus 1 2 12 12 make donuts n 1 make donuts 10 every frame when mouse button 1 let s select mouse x mouse y 2 when not zero s with primitive s colour rndvec OSC OSC Open Sound Control is a standard protocol for communication between Page 17 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic arty programs over a network Fluxus has almost full support for receiving and sending OSC messages To get you started here is an example of a fluxus script which reads OSC messages from a port and uses the first value of a message to set the position of a cube osc source 6543 every frame wi
172. u can enter scheme code for immediate evaluation This code is evaluated in the same interpreter as the other scripts so you can use the repl to debug or inspect global variables and functions they define This window is also where error reporting is printed along with the terminal window you started fluxus from editor Returns Example Fluxus editor When using the fluxus scratchpad the idea is that you only need the one window to build scripts or play live f5 is the key that runs the script when you are ready Selecting some text using shift and pressing f5 will execute the selected text only This is handy for reevaluating functions without running the whole script each time Workspaces The script editor allows you to edit 9 scripts simultaneously Page 171 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic by using workspaces To switch workspaces use ctrl number key Only one can be run at once though hitting f5 will execute the currently active workspace script Auto focus The editor includes an auto scaling centering feature which is enabled by default To disable it add the line set fluxus scratchpad do autofocus 0 to your fluxus scm file or create a new file called that in your home directory containing that Line camera Returns Example Fluxus camera control The camera is controlled by moving the mouse and pressing mouse bu
173. urns void Sets the render hints to depth sort for the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint depth sort build sphere 10 10 hint ignore depth Returns void Sets the render hints to ignore depth tests for the current drawing state or the current primitive Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint This feature is useful for rendering transparent objects as it means objects will be shown behind previously rendered ones Example clear with state hint ignore depth opacity 0 6 with state colour vector 1 0 0 build cube with state colour vector 0 1 0 translate vector 1 0 0 build cube hint lazy parent Returns void Sets the render hints to prevent this primitive passing it s transform to it s children Render hints change the way that primitives are rendered but may have different effects or no effect on certain primitive types hence the name hint Example hint lazy parent build sphere 10 10 make a sphere with the origin displayed Page 136 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic hint cull ccw Returns void Flips the f
174. urrent drawing state or the current primitive Requires OpenGL 2 support The shader s uniform data can be controlled via shader set and all the pdata is sent through as per vertex attribute data to the shader Example you need to have built fluxus with GLSL 1 clear fluxus init this is important to add when using shaders at the moment it will be moved somewhere to run automatically define s with state assign the shaders to the surface shader simple vert glsl simple frag glsl build sphere 20 20 with primitive s add and set the pdata this is then picked up in the vertex shader as an input attribute called testcol pdata add testcol v set the testcol pdata with a random colour for every vertex pdata map lambda c rndvec testcol define animate with primitive s animate the deformamount uniform input parameter shader set list deformamount cos time every frame animate shader source vertexprogram source string fragmentprogram source string Returns void Same as shader but uses the supplied strings as shader sourcecode This allows you to embed GLSL shader source inside your scheme scripts Example you need to have built fluxus with GLSL 1 clear shader cache Returns void Page 139 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Clears the shader cache Example
175. us version drflux Where version is the current version number without the dot eg 016 Page 52 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Load the script into DrScheme and press F5 to run it a new window should pop up displaying your graphics as normal Rerunning the script in DrScheme should update the graphics window automatically Known issues Some commands are known to crash DrScheme show fps should not be used Hardware shading probably won t work Also DrScheme requires a lot of memory which can cause problems Miscellaneous important nuggets of information This chapter is for things I really think are important to know but can t find the place to put them Getting huge framerate speeds By default fluxus has it s framerate throttled to stop it melting your computer To remove this use desiredfps 1000000 It won t guarantee you such a framerate but it will stop fluxus capping it s speed which defaults to something around 50 fps Use show fps 1 To check the fps before and after Higher framerates are great for VJing as it essentially reduces the latency for the results of the audio calculation getting to the visual output it feels much more responsive Unit tests If you want to check fluxus is working ok on a new install or if you suspect something is going wrong try self test f Which will run through every single
176. us Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic every frame with primitive p rotate vector 0 1 0 viewport x number y number width number height number Returns void Sets the viewport on the current camera This is the area of the window the camera renders to where 0 0 is the bottom left and 1 1 is the top right Example clear viewport 0 0 5 0 5 0 5 define cam2 build camera current camera cam2 viewport 0 5 0 0 5 1 define cam3 build camera current camera cam3 set camera mmul mtranslate vector 0 0 5 mrotate vector 0 45 0 viewport 0 0 0 5 0 5 render a primitive in one view only define t with state translate vector 3 0 0 scale 0 3 colour vector 1 0 0 build torus 1 2 10 10 with primitive t hide 1 hide in all camera hide 0 unhide in current camera current camera 0 define c with state hint cull ccw hint unlit hint wire line width 2 colour vector 0 4 0 3 0 2 wire colour vector 0 0 0 scale 10 build cube define p with state scale 3 load primitive widget obj every frame with primitive p rotate vector 0 1 0 Page 119 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic get camera Returns matrix vector Gets the current camera transform matrix This is the low level function
177. us strength Returns void Darkens a circular area of a pixels primitive Example Page 74 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic with primitive build pixels 100 100 pixels burn vector 50 50 0 30 vector 1 0 0 1 pixels upload pixels clear col Returns void Sets all of the pixels to the supplied colour Example with primitive build pixels 100 100 pixels clear vector 1 0 0 pixels upload poly type Returns void Returns a symbol representing the type of the current polygon primitive primitive Example define p build polygons 3 triangle strip with primitive p display poly type newline pdata for each face proc pdatanames Returns list of pdata values Calls proc with the indices for each face in a polygon primitive Example pdata for each triangle proc Returns list of pdata values Calls proc with the pdata for each triangle in a face assumes all faces are convex Example pdata for each tri sample proc samples per triangle Returns void Page 75 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Calls proc with the triangle indices and a random barycentric coord Example rndf Returns number Returns a random number in the range 0 21 Example display rndf newline crndf Returns number Returns a random number in the range 1
178. uses the list as the index values for this primitive primitive Example clear lets build our own cube primitive define p build polygons 8 quad list with primitive p setup the vertex data pdata set p 0 vector 1 1 1 pdata set p 1 vector 1 1 1 pdata set p 2 vector 1 1 1 pdata set p 3 vector 1 1 1 pdata set p 4 vector 1 1 1 pdata set p 5 vector 1 1 1 pdata set p 6 vector 1 1 1 pdata set p 7 vector 1 1 1 pdata set c 0 vector 0 0 0 pdata set c 1 vector 0 0 1 pdata set c 2 vector 0 1 0 pdata set c 3 vector 0 1 1 pdata set c 4 vector 1 0 0 pdata set c 5 vector 1 0 1 pdata set c 6 vector 1 1 0 pdata set c 7 vector 1 1 1 hint wire hint unlit hint vertcols connect the verts together into faces poly set index list 7654 5621 45101230 3740 6 7 3 2 poly convert to indexed Returns void Converts the currently grabbed polygon primitive from raw vertex arrays to indexed arrays This removes duplicate vertices from the polygon making the Page 155 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic pdata arrays shorter which speeds up processing time Example define mynewshape build sphere 10 10 grab mynewshape poly convert to indexed ungrab build copy src primitive number Returns primitiveid number Returns a copy of a
179. ve Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic bb intersect prim thresh Returns void Returns t if the current primitive bounding box intersects with the supplied one with an additional expanding threshold Example clear define a with state build sphere 10 10 define b with state translate vector 2 0 0 build sphere 10 10 every frame begin with primitive b translate vector 0 1 sin time 0 0 with primitive a when bb intersect b 0 colour rndvec get children Returns void Gets a list of primitives parented to this one Example build a random heirachical structure define build heir depth with state let p with state translate vector 2 0 0 scale 0 9 build cube when gt depth 0 parent p for i in range 0 5 when zero random 3 rotate vector 0 0 45 crndf build heir depth 1 navigate the scene graph and print it out define print heir children for each lambda child with primitive child printf id a parent a children a n child get parent get children print heir get children children Page 158 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic clear build heir 5 print heir get children get parent Returns void Gets the parent of this node 1 is the root node Example build a random heirachical st
180. vector 1 0 0 set the current colour to red define mycube build cube makes a red cube grab mycube colour vector 0 1 0 sets the cubes colour to green ungrab return to normal state ungrab Returns void Ungrabs the current object and either returns to the normal drawing state or pops to the last grabbed primitive This function has been superseded by with primitive Example Page 124 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic colour vector 1 0 0 set the current colour to red define mycube build cube makes a red cube grab mycube colour vector 0 1 0 sets the cubes colour to green ungrab return to normal state apply transform optional object id Returns void Applies the current object transform to the vertex positions of the current object and sets it s transform to identity Will also use the optional id passed in for the aniquated version of this command Example rotate vector 45 0 0 define mycube build cube makes a cube with a rotation with primitive mycube apply transform applies the rotation to the points of the cube opacity value Returns void Sets the opacity of the current drawing state or the current primitive Example opacity 0 5 define mycube build cube makes a half transparent cube wire opacity value Returns void Sets the wireframe opacity of the curren
181. w frequency number or node Returns node id number Creates a saw wave generator node Example play now mul saw 440 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 tri frequency number or node Returns node id number Creates a triangle wave generator node Example play now mul tri 440 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 squ frequency number or node Returns node id number Creates a square wave generator node Example play now mul squ 440 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 white frequency number or node Returns node id number Creates a white noise generator node Example play now mul white 5 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 pink frequency number or node Returns node id number Creates a pink noise generator node Page 63 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic Example play now mul pink 5 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 add number or node number or node Returns node id number Maths node adds two signals together Example play now mul add sine 440 sine 220 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 sub number or node number or node Returns node id number Maths node subtracts two signals Example play now mul sub sine 440 sine 220 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 mul number or node number or node Returns node id number Maths node multiplies two signals Example play now mul mul sine 440 sine 220 asdr 0 1 0 1 0 0 mul number or node number or node Returns node id number Maths node multiplie
182. with state colour vector 1 0 5 0 5 build cube define b with state colour vector 0 5 1 0 5 parent a translate vector 2 0 0 build cube define c with state colour vector 0 5 0 5 1 parent b translate vector 2 0 0 build cube define animate animate the heirarchy with primitive a rotate vector 0 sin time with primitive b rotate vector 0 sin time with primitive c rotate vector 0 O0 sin time position a yellow sphere with c s local transform with state concat with primitive c get transform opacity 0 5 colour vector 1 1 0 draw sphere position a purple sphere with c s global transform with state concat with primitive c get global transform opacity 0 5 colour vector 1 0 1 draw sphere every frame animate parent primitive id Returns void Parents the current primitive to the supplied parent primitive The current primitive will now be moved around with the parent by aquiring all the parent s transforms Example Page 130 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define parent prim build cube make a parent cube translate vector 2 0 0 move a bit in x parent parent prim set parent prim as the current parent define child prim build cube make a child cube grab parent prim rotate vector 0 45 0 the child will
183. y primitives which you can use to either build more types of procedural shapes than fluxus supports naively or for loading model data from disk Once these primitives have been constructed they can be treated in exactly the same way as any other primitive ie pdata can be added or modified and you can use recalc normals etc Cameras Without a camera you wouldn t be able to see anything They are obviously very important in 3D computer graphics and can be used very effectively just like a real camera to tell a story Moving the camera You can already control the camera with the the mouse but sometimes you ll want to control the camera procedurally from a script Animating the camera this way is also easy you just lock it to a primitive and move that clear define obj build cube make a cube for the camera to lock to with state make a background cube so we can tell what s happening hint wire hint unlit texture load texture test png colour vector 0 5 0 5 0 5 scale vector 20 10 10 build cube lock camera obj lock the camera to our first cube camera lag 0 1 set the lag amount this will smooth out the cube jittery movement Page 41 Fluxus Manual version 0 16 This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 2 5 Generic define animate with primitive obj identity translate vector fmod time 5 0 0 make a jittery movement every frame animate

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