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Foundation and Development Coaching Manual

1. Brace height determines the point at which the arrow separates from the string and the amount of bend in the arrow at separation The brace height for recurve or compound bows enables the most compatible launch position for arrows at the end of the bow s power stroke Locating the best brace height for a bow can significantly improve arrow grouping and shooting consistency Brace height for compound bows is set by the manufacturer To adjust brace height use the same procedure as described for recurve bows Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 52 18 Compound Equipment In general the technique required to shoot a compound is almost identical to that for a recurve with a few small variations Compound equipment is primarily different from recurve in the use of a cam and pulley system see Figure 20 below Compound archers are also permitted to use mechanical release devices magnified scopes peeps and spirit levels While a Development Coach does not need to have an in depth knowledge of compound equipment it is useful to know the basics In this way a Development Coach will be able to ensure that a novice compound archer has the correct draw length peep height and show them how to use a release device properly These simple things will ensure that a compound archer can start shooting comfortably and well even in the absence of coaches who are experienced in compound equipment E
2. 4 Archery Safety In this section the Course Instructor will discuss the basic requirements of safety on an archery range with the candidates 4 1 Explain Importance of Safety Lecture The key elements of the Safety Orientation class are Early Participation e Students come to the archery range to shoot Get them interested in archery by letting them shoot Have the equipment ready and get them shooting quickly Early Success e Make sure that the group is close enough to hit the target every time e Teach them to shoot Explain and demonstrate a shot Keep it very simple e Explain and enforce the Rules and Procedures The Safety Orientation class is the first class that coaches should give to any group of archers that you are going to teach Even though many may have shot before they may not have used the type of equipment that you are using and they may have learned different rules and procedures This class is a perfect introduction to the sport of archery for a group that you are only going to see one time or as a first class for many sessions or an on going program It is important that the coaches keep records of who has taken the safety orientation class This way you will know who has and has not been taught the archery range rules and procedures You can keep a record of names or hand out cards to the students that have taken the class The Instructor should discuss the key points of the Safety Orientation Class from the
3. They may then sort the archer out to shoot in the right direction with the right equipment 9 4 13 Coaching Positions Explain the best positions to observe an archer and what to look for from each position Use a student standing at a simulated full draw for an example e Directly behind archer Good to view Alignment Posture Stance e Facing archer astride line Good to view Reference point Posture Elevation of string elbow Front shoulder position Bow hand grip 9 4 14 Arrow Patterns e Explain how watching where the arrows go on the target face can be an indication of the shooting form problem 9 4 15 Injury Prevention If a student advises of pain get them to stop shooting If pain continues seek medical assistance String interference with chest e Keep upright when shooting i e not leaning away from the target e Bring your shoulders in line with your front arm Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 27 10 Problem Correction Activity In this section candidates will have a go at practical problem correction with the other candidates The Instructor should break the students up into pairs They will practice teaching as if their students were kids that have shot for a few days or weeks Do this for 4 ends so they get used to the rotation Then go to the next section Candidates should be sure that they are using the OREO Technique Candidates may take turns as range officers or
4. the hips should be left to rest mid way between the two The spine should be straight albeit allowing for the natural curve but without a hollow back An archer should not lean away from the target but should stand vertical 21 2 3 Bow Hand The bow hand should be comfortably positioned at the top of the bow grip with the pressure point on the ball of the thumb and the wrist relaxed as indicated in Figure 26 below Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 62 Figure 26 Correct Bow Hand Position Observe how the knuckles are at 45 degrees from the vertical and the pressure is on the thumb muscle rather than the palm of the hand If the palm of the hand comes into contact with the grip it will torque the bow a force that rotates the bow upon release Note that if the wrist is not properly positioned it will be impossible to relax it at full draw From above the end of the radius bone at the base of the thumb should be positioned in line with the centre of the riser 21 2 4 String Grip The string grip should be set up before the pre draw phase and remain consistent and relaxed throughout the draw Due to the difference in finger lengths the middle finger will have a deeper hook than the index and ring fingers It is recommended that the middle finger has the pressure just behind the first groove and the index and ring fingers have the pressure just in front of the first groove Figu
5. 1 Stand side on to a wall 2 Move the leg closest to the wall forward 3 Place your forearm on the wall with your shoulder slightly above 90 4 Turn your upper body away from wall 70 Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 71 Triceps stretch 1 Place your hand between shoulder blades 2 Place your opposite hand on your elbow 3 Pull your elbow towards your midline with help from opposite hand Shoulder Chest Stand with your head up chin in hands clasped behind your back Pull your shoulders down and back Press your shoulder blades together and down PWN RP Pull your stomach in to prevent arching of the lower back Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 72 23 2 Exercise Plan Cardiovascular fitness and strength can improve an archer s performance Coaches should be able to tailor a fitness programme including activities such as walking running on grass cycling swimming activities which will increase the cardiovascular fitness of the archer Stretchy band exercises can be incorporated If an archery oriented weights programme is required for strength or endurance consult a personal trainer Weights programmes should generally be avoided for children until they are over the age of 16 and even then caution is advised Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 73 24 Drug Free Sport For archers lo
6. 34 the shaft in one hand and rotate it against the folded paper towel Repeat this until all glue and nock remains have been removed 2 Apply a large drip of fletching glue to the clean nock taper surface 3 Spread an even layer of glue around the taper 4 Quickly press the nock on the taper 5 Rotate the nock several times counter clockwise to spread the glue evenly Then rotate the nock clockwise until the nock groove is properly aligned and the nock is firmly seated on the taper 6 Wipe the excess cement from the nock base and allow drying at least two hours before shooting 11 10 5 Dot the Fletches Most manufacturers do not dot the arrows after fletching them This is done by putting a drop of glue at the ends of each fletch or vane so that the glue is on the shaft and the fletches This will help keep the fletching on much longer 11 10 6 How to Care For and Store Archery Equipment There two ways to store bows e Hang bows with the strings attached on wooden pegs dowels or nails wrapped with tape e Hang horizontally with limb tips pointing down supported mid limb by two dowels Note that in case your place of archery is broken into it would be wise to lock equipment inside an armoury or similar If equipment becomes wet it should be dried before being put in storage to prevent metal rusting and water damage to the wooden parts Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 35 12 Archery Pr
7. using handedness i e if they write with their right hand they use a right handed bow If beginners have issues using their correct eye the coach may see fit to trial a bow of the other handedness 3 2 3 Hand out Equipment Hand out arm guards and finger tabs to class participants Show them how to put the arm guard on and explain that it is used to protect the forearm from the bowstring Show them how to put on their finger tab check the correct size and explain that it is used to protect their fingers and to provide for a smoother faster release They should always wear these items while shooting Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 10 Check to see that everyone is wearing snug fitting clothes Have them tie back long hair remove large ear rings and clear off any pins and remove everything from chest pockets These items may get caught on the string Explain to the archers that you are going to measure them for their correct arrow length Before you hand out any arrows tell them to keep their arrows in their quiver until they are told to shoot They should clip the quiver on to their pants a belt loop or their back pocket on the right side towards their rear Explain that if they are shooting left handed they need to put their quiver on the opposite side Measure each archer for their correct arrow length by having them hold their arms stretched out in front of them with their palms together
8. E E EE EE EERS PEE EEEE VRE ES EE EEE AVERNE EEE EPES oie E EERE 69 24 Dr z Free e ire e n rE a E PEE EER E E EEE EE E E EEE E E EEEE E EE EREE 73 22 Appendices on ociapeeneteneociien it meri aoe ea e e ees av Gtk Ae ae A 74 Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 Course Programme Section Recommended Time Allowance Introduction and Course Outline Example Safety Orientation Class Archery Safety The Steps of Shooting Shooting Practice Teaching a New Archer Problem Correction Archery Programme Development Example Group Instruction Have A Go Knowledge of Governing Bodies amp Competitions Foundation Coach Examination Closed Book Note These durations are indicative only Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT COACH MANUAL Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 1 Foundation and Development Coach Descriptions This manual provides the course information for both the Archery New Zealand ANZ Foundation Coach and Development Coach courses Foundation Coaches will undertake the first part of the course content with Development Coaches undertaking the entire manual content 1 1 Foundation Coach The Foundation Coach Course is offered for those who wish to work with grass roots archery school camps have a go sessions and other archery in schools Anyone aged 16 years or older can undertake the course applican
9. Inspection Make sure the bows are not cracked and that there are no fiberglass splinters sticking out of limbs Fiberglass splinters can be extremely dangerous and need to be taken care of before the bow is used Talk to your local dealer about what repairs can be undertaken 11 6 Strings It is recommended that proper strings be purchased for bows must suit the length of their bow Although a 12 strand Dacron string is recommended for heavier bows they work very well on lighter and older bows They will last many years and because they are so thick they are easy on students fingers The arrows also snap on to the thicker string making it easier for the students to shoot Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 30 Recurve bows should be strung with any type of stringer including cord stringer Figure 5 or wall stringer Figure 6 Show them how to use a cord stringer and have them practise at the end of the class when putting bows away 7 f e CP FITA Coschiwe Mawuat Lever MANUI OTN rrauweun Nivan I Figure 5 Recurve Cord Stringer WA Level 1 Coaches Manual Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 31 e TTA Coacwiwo MAwuaAL Leye T MANUEL D DeTraiwron Nryrau WALL BRACER PENON MORRE Figure 6 Wall Stringer WA Level 1 Coaches Manual A string should have a big loop and a little loop After applying pressure to the limb the string ten
10. Place an arrow with the nock touching their breast bone just below the chin The arrow should extend at least two inches past the tip of the fingers Note that as an alternative you may get the student to hold their arms out to their sides and point their head towards the hand they will hold the bow with With the nock at the tip of the chin the arrow should as a minimum reach to the tips of the student s outstretched fingers Give each archer the same number of arrows Tell them to only use the arrows that are given to them and to remember what they look like If you are using ground quivers have them hold the arrows by the points and put them in their ground quiver as soon as they get them Tell the students that you are going to hand out the bows now They need to let you know if they are shooting left handed Explain to them that they should hold the bow by the grip Warn them that pulling back on the string and letting go without an arrow in the bow is dangerous and may cause the limbs to break Show them how to set the bow down on their toe instead of on the ground This will protect the limb tips Tell the archers to let you know if anything doesn t look or sound right with their equipment identify arrow damage etc After all of the equipment is handed out have the archers go to the waiting line 3 2 4 Demonstrate a Shot Explain that you are going to show them the steps of shooting and that you want them to keep their
11. at a standard 28 draw length As the draw length is shorter than 28 the poundage will be lower than the marked 308 For approximately 1 24 per inch we can expect a poundage of about 3 less than 30 so say 27H A draw weight of 27 puts us in the second row between 24 294 As 26 4 draw length is between 25 and 26 it puts us in the 26 column This intersects at T1 which is a group of arrows of equivalent spine usually provided in another table by the manufacturer Some key points to note when selecting arrow spines e Arrow charts are only approximations of the spine required there are a number of variables affecting the required spine including archer technique so use with care e Arrow spines usually get lower as they get stiffer this is because the spine measurement is often a measurement of how much a horizontal arrow will bend when a force is hung on it e Ifyou fall part way between two groups it is suggested to go for the stiffer of the two spines especially if an archer is growing and may increase in draw length and or draw weight e Arrow charts generally intend for the arrow length to be equivalent to the draw length With growing archers it is common to select an arrow that is longer than their draw length Note that this may cause the arrow to react as if it were a weaker spine e Arrow length does not include the point of an arrow it stops at the front of the shaft Foundation and Development C
12. e Stand up straight and tall shoulders above hips above feet e Place your hand on their right hip and under left arm and stand them up straight right handed archer General Alignment problems e Mould them in to a T Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 25 9 4 6 Draw Drawing bow with low string hand elbow e Keep your elbow up and lift elbow to parallel Moving head forward to meet the string e Keep your head straight and pull the string all the way back to your face 9 4 7 At full draw Canting e Keep your bow straight up and down Creeping e Continue pulling with one motion all the way through the release Leaning forward nose dive e Stand up straight keep your bottom under your head 9 4 8 Reference Inconsistent e Explain how the arrow goes where it is pointed e Help archer find a consistent reference Third joint of index finger underneath jaw line good bone on bone contact 9 4 9 Aim Aiming with the wrong eye e This is hard to detect if you re not watching them from the front One sure clue is the arrows going off the target to the left for right hand shooters Check eye dominance tell them to close left eye or watch string alignment String Picture e Line the string up with the edge of the sight window 9 4 10 Release Plucking e Aformof collapsing where the hand goes out from the face Continue to draw the bow as you relax your fingers keeping your h
13. front of the chin and maintain contact sliding along the chin as the string is drawn back to touch the tip of the nose Next explain techniques of a good release string fingers to relax instantaneously with string elbow rotating around string hand coming to rest near the back of the neck Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 13 The best way to accomplish these steps is by using the One Pull method Once they start drawing the bow or pulling the string they want to keep pulling as they reference aim release and follow through Tell them to keep pulling as they relax their string fingers 3 3 Safety Talk Summary The following is a useful list for coaches to ensure that all of the most important safety points are covered in a Safety Orientation Course PART 1 Before Handing out Equipment Weapons sport Only load bow on shooting line Arrows are sharp Dry firing Safety Gear PART 2 Before Shooting First End Range Layout Shooting Line Waiting Line Whistle Commands What to do if arrow falls in front Sky Drawing Explanation of Come Down Wait for coach to supervise personally before firing first arrow PART 3 Before Collecting Arrows Reiterate whistle commands Nocks are sharp too Always walk Purpose of target line Pick up arrows before the target Check behind before pulling arrows Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 14
14. full draw the safety is released and the bow drawn into the wall until the release aid activates at a certain poundage These release devices are not recommended for beginners as the mechanism means that the release aid needs the safety device reactivated before coming down for an emergency Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 56 18 5 4 Proper Activation of a Release Aid Regardless of the type of release aid the method of activation is the same The archer should take a deep grip in the release device draw the bow in the direction of the target without sky drawing taking care that the release device cannot be activated i e thumb folded away off the trigger or back tension release aid under rotated so that it will not fire during draw For all types of release aids the archer should then take up a majority gt 90 of the pressure or rotation required for activation of the shot then use back tension to gradually increase the pressure or rotation to the point where the release aid activates itself A surprise release is desirable as this will eliminate anticipation of the shot Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 57 19 Equipment Maintenance 19 1 String Wax String wax can be applied in small amounts only to protect the string from the elements and this helps to lubricate the strands preventing wear and breakage of strands 19 2 Thread Locker Use
15. generally three types of slings 16 5 1 Finger Sling Finger slings can be purchased as per Figure 10 or alternatively made cheaply from a knotted shoe lace Figure 11 The sling should be attached to the thumb and index finger of the bow hand behind the knuckle The shoelace variety has the benefits of being self tightening when pressure is placed on them and also has a number of readily available spares if one is lost Note that placement of a finger sling on the middle finger is discouraged as this often does not enable the archer to get a 45 degree angle across their knuckles whilst at the same time being tight enough to function properly Figure 10 Pre made Finger Sling Figure 11 Finger Sling made from a Shoelace 16 5 2 Wrist Sling Another type of sling is the wrist sling as per Figure 12 They tie around the wrist and have a cord that runs between the knuckles of the index and middle finger and attaches back to the wrist loop Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 45 These can feel more secure for archers than finger slings but often have more components that can break Figure 12 Wrist Sling 16 5 3 Bow Sling Bow slings are a loop that attaches around the bow and wrist usually secured at the stabiliser mount see Figure 13 While common for compound archers bow slings are not recommended as they can cause the archers to tense their fingers to prevent the bow from falling
16. of flexibility of settings i e a magnetic clicker with a steel rod that can be bent It is important to check the clicker position of growing archers every month or two to ensure that their draw length increases in line with their growth Ensure that the clicker is not so stiff that the cushion plunger depresses with the pressure of the clicker The clicker length should cover the entire diameter of the point 21 3 3 Proper Use ofa Clicker To use a clicker well the archer should come from the pre draw position to the reference point and have only a few millimetres left The archer then expands through the shot using back tension until the clicker goes off The archer will need to allow enough room for expansion in their back if they have their shoulder blade locked against their spine they have no ability to expand further Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 67 Once the clicker goes off the archer should instantaneously relax their string fingers and wrist but continue to expand with the back muscles If an archer s hand comes forwards at any point during the release they are relaxing their back tension when the clicker goes off It is important that when the clicker goes off the archer releases the arrow subconsciously and immediately If the archer is not trained to automatically release the arrow then there will be uncertainty in their head as to whether or not to release and this can create c
17. practice running the range They should take turns coaching shooting and should rotate partners after every 2 ends Assign Common Errors The What s wrong with this picture game The Instructor will assign common faults to one half of the group while the other half is pulling their arrows Ask the archers that are pulling the arrows to wait at the targets facing towards the back while you talk to the new archers with their bows in their hands The coaches will then have to identify what the errors are and correct the student using the OREO technique Here are some ideas Assign the whole group to do something wrong and then assign individuals common errors from the last section Here are some ideas for the whole group assign only one each end e Have everyone stand behind the shooting line e Have everyone push the arrows off of the string with their thumbs while at rest e Put the arm guards and finger tabs on the wrong hands e Hold the bows upside down e Stand facing the opposite direction that they normally face Note it is important for all coaches to understand when a different level of expertise is required i e sometimes a more experienced coach or second opinion is required Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 28 11 Equipment In this session the candidates learn about basic recurve equipment 11 1 Recurve Bow See Figure 3 below for a diagram of basic recurve equipment
18. safety orientation class the coach must watch each archer shoot their first arrow one on one no student may shoot their first arrow without direct guidance from a coach All of the archers have heard the procedures and watched the demonstration Many have shot before These you just watch shoot to make sure that they are doing everything right There will however be some that just don t get it They may try to stick the arrow through the sight ring hold the bow backwards or just stand there doing nothing These are the ones that you will have to help quickly to get them to shoot that first arrow When working with a new archer stand with one foot on each side of the line right In front of them or slightly behind the line You need to have both hands free to give instructions and handle any problems that may come up 7 1 1 Procedures The first step is making sure that they understand the procedures They can t shoot until they understand how to nock the arrow grip the bow and hook the string Keep these simple putting their hand on the grip and hooking their fingers around the string for them Once they get the feel they will be all right You may need to nock their first arrow for them Nocking the arrow can be the most frustrating part of shooting for a new archer Once they see the arrow nocked on their bow and shoot an arrow they have a better understanding of how everything is supposed to happen 7 1 2 Safety Make sure that they ar
19. slide your fingers up until your top finger touches the arrow The pressure of the string should be felt in the first groove of each finger This is called the archer s groove If students will be shooting regularly rather than as a once off experience it is recommended that the Mediterranean grip be used index finger above the arrow and middle and ring finger below the arrow The arrow will stay on the string without needing to hold it there Leave a small gap between your fingers and the arrow so as not to pinch the arrow Now before drawing back push the bow straight to the target and keep your drawing arm elbow up near the level of your shoulder Draw the string straight to the front of your chin and nose using your back like you would to start a lawnmower Point the arrow at the target and relax your fingers to release while you continue to pull Continue to hold your follow through until the arrow hits the target Note that for club beginner courses a finger or wrist sling is recommended This will enable archers to relax their front hand during the shot so as not to twist the bow and affect the flight of the arrow 3 2 6 Watch Their First Shot Now explain that you would like to watch them shoot their first arrow to make sure that they are not going to hurt themselves or anyone standing near them When you blow the whistle once they can take their arrows out of the quiver and nock them on the string Tell each of them t
20. you might choose Hand Placing hand correctly in the bow grip String Places fingers on the string just behind the first finger joint Low Sets the front shoulder low during the set phase of the shot pe ai E Grow Smooth expansion through the clicker zone One benefit of a shot process is that it keeps the mind focused on the task at hand During tournament conditions an empty mind is easy to distract If you have an active thought process in your mind archers will be less likely to succumb to distractions Start with only 3 or 4 key words but for more advanced archers you can add more words as long they only think about one at a time in sequence The words should be one syllable if possible for brevity After a lot of practice just thinking the key word or the coach mentioning it will impart the desired feeling and can be useful for effective coaching in tournament situations 20 2 Goal Setting Goal setting is an important process for athletes at all level Without goals archers can lack direction and focus and will be less likely to achieve their potential Itis a coach s responsibility to assist the archer in developing and attaining their goals Goals should follow the SMART rule Specific e g specifying a tournament goal rather than I want to improve Measurable so that you can assess your progress Achievable ensure that it is realistic Relevant is a suitable stepping stone for their l
21. young person would do that have never shot before The B archers are to help the new A archers shoot their first shots Have the coaches go to the targets with the archers to explain how to pull the arrows out properly Stress the following points e Give positive instructions and lots of encouragement e Get the new archers shooting quickly e Make sure that they are not going to hurt themselves e Get them shooting in alignment For the second end have the archers switch positions so that the student is now the coach and the coach the student This gives them a chance to get even On the third end ask the A archers to take their place on the line Have the B archers move over one person to the right The person who falls off the end will go to the other end or replace the student acting as range captain so that they can join in the rotation Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 22 9 Problem Correction In this section the candidates will learn about how to correct problems 9 1 Problem Correction Once coaches know how a shot is supposed to be executed and what an archer is supposed to look like that is all a coach needs to teach Whenever you see something that is not right you just demonstrate to the archer how to do the skill correctly There are no technical terms or new terminology that you must learn to be able to teach The students that you teach will not understand them if there
22. Archery NZ Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Outline and Lesson Plans Version Updated by Modifications Date Eo E Re Issued for Accreditation Courses 21 10 2013 Russell Andrew Re Issued for Accreditation Courses 7 11 2013 Russell EN N Re Issued for Accreditation Courses 4 05 2014 Russell Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 CONTENTS FOUNDATION AND DEVELOPMENT COACH MANUAL nene eene nren tren trennen ne ener en rennen innen 4 1 Foundation and Development Coach Descriptions eeesseeseeeeeseeeeee nennen enne eene tene tree tren trennen nennen 5 2 InttodUCtOD iecit rd etie eie tin RE E ere ee OE SEEN STE Y HE ROLES E HERR des FERRE LIE AEE EE Tasse sire t des uaglices sacssons See 6 3 Thesarety Onentation C 388 3 eot eet vacances c orta trt ve sucets cases cee Co eE o LIAE EHE Eee He dae vee eee p HIE CIN HR de YES ete SP EE Ee gu HO PCR UR 7 4 Archery iA pereas oaa aeea EE EE E EE EN EAEE EE NE EEEE OE TERE EEE EEKE S S E EREE SNESEN ER 14 b The Steps Of Shooting ers i uon eise eN eiea n Sotelo aeae EAEE NE E Ea Enan TE be EN REO KI Ena 17 6 Shooting Practice c e 18 T Teaching aNew Archer se cesscsieccgecasecsesssesduce 19 8 Teaching a New Archer Practical Example sss enne ener tene tre
23. Don t choke don t choke What do you think will happen to this archer 9 3 The Oreo Technique First candidates must learn how to make a proper coaching statement One approach can be to give the students an Oreo cookie An Oreo Cookie has 3 parts the cookie the cream in the middle and the other cookie Here s how it works e The Cookie Find something to compliment them on This reinforces a correct behaviour and opens them up to your ideas to help them improve Your release looks really smooth e The Cream Give them a positive instruction on how to perform the skill correctly without telling them that they are doing something wrong Keep your bow arm up until the arrow hits the target Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 23 e The Cookie Follow up with a compliment specific to the skill that you have just taught them Your bow arm looks much more solid now Good shot At no time do you ever need to tell an archer what they are doing wrong 9 4 Problem correction for each step of shooting The Instructor should discuss common problems and corrections for each step of shooting The instructor will go over each step of shooting this time pointing out common faults that beginners make and explain how to correct them properly with positive instructions The Instructor may use volunteers to act as students learning to shoot 9 4 1 Stance Feet too far apart e Move your feet closer tog
24. Explain the whistle system and the responsibility of the range captain When blow the whistle two times you may walk from the waiting line to the shooting line Keep your arrows in the quivers until the whistle is blown one more time to begin shooting After you have shot all of your arrows step back off the line and put your bow on the bow rack Wait behind the waiting line until the whistle is blown 3 times to go forward and retrieve the arrows If the whistle is blown 4 or more times demonstrate then immediately stop shooting and put the arrows back in the quiver This means that there is an emergency on the range such as a person or an animal walking behind the targets If at full draw use the phrase Come Down to get archers to draw the bow down to rest without releasing an arrow If you drop an arrow wait until the whistle is blown 3 times before you pick it up This is for additional safety Always keep your arrows pointed down or towards the target Shoot only at your target For a novice course it is recommended that a ratio of 1 coach to 3 or 4 archers is used Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 3 2 2 Eye Dominance Test Before the archers begin shooting quickly determine their eye dominance This is only necessary for programs where the students are going to shoot for more than a few days Just as people are right or left handed one eye is sometimes more dominant than the other Discov
25. SIGHT WINDOW BOW SIGHT ARROW REST NCCKING POINT RISER HANDLE CENTRE Sus SERVING POINT BOW GRIP BOWSTRING iN LOWER EN LIME THE BASIC RECURVE BOW Figure 3 Recurve Bow Diagram Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 29 11 2 Arrows See Figure 4 below for a diagram of an arrow Arrow Head Initials Vanes or Point ye KDS gt emm Crest or Shaft Cresting Nock Fletching Figure 4 Arrow Diagram World Archery Level 1 Coaching Manual 11 3 Equipment Selection for Programs The more time the students spend at the archery range the better equipment they should have 11 4 How to order equipment properly Lower poundage bows 16 66 bows are ideal for a majority of beginners Higher poundage can make it more difficult to attain proper technique and will increase the risk of injury Discuss your requirements and likely ages of participants with a dealer to identify the most ideal range of bow lengths and poundages It may be useful to keep a couple of light poundage bows 12 for weaker archers and a couple of longer bows 70 for those with very long draw lengths A price list may be used to discuss each piece of equipment the course instructor can explain what features to look for and which ones work the best A cheaper item can cost more because it needs to be replaced more often There are pitfalls of buying cheap equipment that does not last 11 5 Bows
26. able Adult Protection Policy 4 5 Conditions of Participation Coaches must ensure that only people who are in a fit state to do so practice archery as it is a weapons sport No one under the influence of alcohol or drugs may participate Participants should also be asked upon application to declare any mental or physical conditions that may impact on them being unable to understand and follow instructions given The coach will need to use their discretion to determine whether or not someone is fit to participate or not In some cases with certain conditions it may be appropriate to undertake fully supervised one on one coaching Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 17 5 The Steps of Shooting Use the 9 Steps to the Ten Ring Poster in Appendix In this section the instructor should explain to the candidates the steps of shooting including how and why it is done that way The basic T form should be stressed as this is easiest for beginners to understand The information on the 9 Steps poster is all that candidates need to know During this section only proper shot execution will be discussed Common problems and problem correction will come later A video of the 9 Steps to the Ten Ring if available may also be shown instead of this section Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 18 6 Shooting Practice In this section the Course Instructor sh
27. alignment to the target Figure 18 Misaligned Arrow Foundation and Development Coaching Manual 50 Version 10 4 May 2014 51 17 5 Brace Height Recurve Bows Set the brace height at the low end recommended by the manufacturer Starting at the lower end of the brace height range allows the archer to height for that bow ti Suggested Beginning Brace Height 64 8 1 4 8 1 2 21 0 cm 21 6 cm 66 8 3 8 8 5 8 21 3 cm 21 3 cm twist up the bowstring to locate the optimum brace 8 1 2 8 3 4 21 6 cm 22 2 cm 8 5 8 8 7 8 21 7 cm 22 5 cm Figure 19 Brace Height All bows are different even those of the same make and model It is important to locate brace height that fits a particular bow and shooting style Usually this is when the bow sounds the quietest and feels the smoothest during a shot Shoot a few arrows at the suggested bracing height then unstring the bow add 3 4 twists to the bowstring and shoot again Continue this process until the bow feels smoothest and sounds quietest when shooting If the string is too short to allow a brace height at the lower setting use a slightly longer string If the string is too long to allow a brace height and starts to knot up from too many twists try a slightly shorter string There are many custom bowstring makers who produce strings to exact specifications i e type of material type of serving serving colour etc
28. all work individually with each archer to improve their form using the 9 Steps The Instructor should remember to model proper coaching techniques while working with the candidates Have the candidates practice each step of shooting as explained in the 9 Steps Read off one or two steps and their descriptions for them to concentrate on each end Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 19 7 Teaching a New Archer In this section candidates learn how to teach a new archer Ensure that you Keep It Simple when working with new archers 7 1 Teaching a new archer how to shoot their first arrows One of the most important things to remember in providing instruction is that you always talk about and demonstrate the correct way to do things You should never demonstrate improper techniques Young archers place great value in learning sport skills and they look to you their coach to help them learn Therefore you should do all that you can to become the best teacher possible As a coach your primary mission is to help each of your athletes become all that they can become not only in their sport but also in life Teaching archery in the beginning stages involves three major steps 1 Verbally introduce the skill and simultaneously use mimetics 2 Demonstrate and briefly explain the skill with equipment and 3 Help your students to perform the skill well enough to effectively practice it During the
29. and close to your face Collapsing e Continue pulling explain release control how moving the release hand affects the shot Peeking Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 26 e The archer is trying to watch the arrow fly This shows up with the bow arm moving down and right the head moving left Watch the centre of the target Gripping the bow e Keep your bow hand relaxed throughout the shot or have them touch only index finger and thumb together around bow 9 4 11 Follow through Dropping bow arm e Keep your bow arm up until the arrow hits the target YOUR ARROWS GO EXACTLY WHERE YOU SHOOT THEM 9 4 12 Left vs Right Handed Shooters e This is a confusing subject for many new instructors Have a right handed shooter and a left handed shooter come to the shooting line and stand next to each other face to face Show them that a left handed shooter is a mirror image of a right handed shooter A different bow is required if the bow has a sight window or the arrow is placed on the same side as the bow arm The finger tab is backwards the arm guard is on the opposite arm and the quiver is on the opposite side e Archers may get confused and have the arm guard on the wrong arm the wrong bow the wrong finger tab or they may stand facing the wrong way on the line The instructor must first determine if the archer is supposed to be shooting right or left handed refer to eye dominance test
30. archers are still shooting The target line should be 3 metres in front of the targets This line acts as a speed bump slowing the students down so they won t run into the arrows sticking out of the target It also keeps the students that are not pulling arrow out a safe distance behind the targets Ensure access to range is controlled and visible from all directions by the range captain There should be an overshoot distance of minimum 50m to protect against ricochets and overshoots Where possible this should be extended Note that a beginner s bow may travel in the order of 150m if shot at a high angle maybe further depending on poundage draw length etc hence sky drawing must be prevented All places of archery should have a well stocked first aid kit on site Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 16 4 3 Safety Equipment For most grass roots courses beginners should be issued with the following safety equipment Arm Guard Used to prevent the string hitting the forearm Finger Tab Used to protect the fingers from wear from the string 4 4 Child Protection Policy Care should be taken to ensure that coaches are not put in a position where they are the only coach in charge of junior archers without another adult being present This could take the form of requiring a responsible parent or teacher to remain with a coaching group at all times Coaches shall adhere to the ANZ Child and Vulner
31. arrows in their quiver until you tell them that they are ready to shoot If you fail to do this they will follow your instructions and shoot you Go through the steps of shooting keeping it very simple explaining only what they need to know to get their first arrow shot It is recommended that elastic bands are used to initially demonstrate the technique and also given to the students to use to get the technique correct before putting a bow in their hands Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 11 3 2 5 Steps of Shooting Dialogue Explain and demonstrate the procedure for shooting an arrow from start to finish Keep it very brief and simple The first step is the stance Put one foot on each side of the line with your toes facing that way point towards the side of the range If you are left handed you want your toes to face that way point in the other direction Next you place the arrow on top of the plastic arrow rest Does everybody see their arrow rest Hold your bow up so they can see your finger pointing to the arrow rest then set arrow on the rest Then you snap the arrow on the string right in between the two tie on nocking points Does every body see the nocking point on your string Make sure that the odd coloured fletch is facing you or away from the bow Now you hold out your three fingers like this show like a Scout sign Hook those three fingers on the string underneath the arrow and
32. aving a dedicated range captain e Be aware of archers overdrawing e Be aware of archers drawing above the target Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 39 15 Knowledge of Governing Bodies and Competitions 15 1 Archery New Zealand Archery New Zealand ANZ is an Incorporated Society and is the recognised governing body of Archery in New Zealand It is affiliated to the International Federation World Archery WA World Archery Oceania and the New Zealand Olympic Committee It works closely with Sport New Zealand formerly SPARC Archery New Zealand holds annual National Championships for Target Field Clout and Indoor Archery ANZ s website is found here y http www archerynz co nz b Ae 15 2 World Archery Archery NZ world archery The international governing body of archery is the World Archery Federation or WA previously FITA website found here http www worldarchery or 15 3 Target Rounds Common target rounds shot at competitions include the following 15 3 1 WA 1440 A WA 1440 consists of 36 arrows at each of 90 70 50 and 30m for men and 70 60 50 and 30m for women The first two distances are shot on 122cm target faces and the last two distances on 80cm targets 10 zone scoring Shorter rounds are shot by some juniors and masters Archers have 40 seconds per arrow 15 3 2 WA 720 A WA 720 consists of 72 arrows at 70m for recurve 122cm target and 50m for compou
33. away If this movement were to pre empt the shot it would destabilise the aim Figure 13 Bow Sling Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 46 17 Recurve Bow Set Up 17 1 Bow Basic Setup Checklist v Tiller Y Brace Height set to manufacturer s specification Y Nocking point height v Centre shot cushion plunger length or launcher Note for limb alignment bare shaft tuning paper tear tuning and micro tuning refer to the Performance manual There are also a number of good tuning guides available e g Easton Tuning Manual 17 2 Preliminary Bow Set Up Initial equipment preparation can eliminate most or all disturbances which cause tuning problems including false tuning indicators A false tuning indicator would be having a high nocking point indication when the problem is actually poor clearance 17 3 Nocking Point Recurve and Compound Install a nocking point on the bowstring Initially position the nocking point on the string about one half inch above square for all finger shooters RF CF and approximately one quarter inch above square for compound release shooters CR 1 2 RF CF 1 4 CR Figure 14 Nocking Point Position 17 4 Arrow Centring Recurve and Compound Have students adjust the horizontal in out position of the cushion plunger or arrow rest assembly so that the tip centre of the arrow point is correctly aligned for either recurve see Figure 17 or compound see Fi
34. bserve these precautions and instructions Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 33 1 Do not touch cleaned areas with hands or other objects 2 Fletch as soon as possible If shafts stand unfletched for over 8 hours repeat the cleaning process 3 Shafts cleaned in the above manner can be fletched directly using fletching glue 4 Do not attempt to fletch on humid days Figure 7 Fletching Arrows World Archery Level 1 Coaches Manual 11 10 3 Removing Broken Nocks from Swage Fitting Aluminium Arrows Soften the nock over a heat source and gently seize with softened plastic pliers and twist off Clean the nock swage as described below Nock remnants should be cut off with a knife carefully The shaft nock taper should never be sanded or scraped as this can distort the cone shape and put flat spots on the cone which can adversely affect nock straightness 11 10 4 Attaching Nocks to Aluminium Shafts Correctly aligned nocks are as important for shooting accuracy as a good bowstring straight arrows or other equipment A nock misaligned just a few thousandths of an inch can affect the point of impact on the target by as much as 6 inches at 40 metres 1 If an old nock has been removed use lacquer thinner acetone or M E K on a clean white paper towel and wipe the tapered end of the shaft until it is clean and free of old glue Hold Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014
35. ccentric Pulley Upper Linb Back Handle Riser Sgt Sight Window Shelf Center stabilizer Linb Bolt Sem Figure 20 Compound Bow Terminology 18 1 Purpose of cam and pulley system The cam and pulley system means allow compound archers to shoot at full draw whilst only holding a fraction of the bow s peak draw weight See Figure 21 below for an example between the Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 53 difference of arecurve and compound force draw curve Whilst the recurve bow increases in poundage the more you pull it back the compound bow increases quickly in poundage before reducing in draw weight as the off set cams roll over Typical raw Force Curves 3 i Gh 4 BH 9 1011 12 13 14 15 Draw Length Figure 21 Recurve and Compound Force Draw Curve For the compound there is a valley minimum holding weight before the poundage increases further hitting the wall The compound bows are much faster than recurve bows and hence will enable those with short draw lengths or low poundages the ability to shoot and compete at longer distances Many with back shoulder or arm injuries will take advantage of using a compound as they can use much lower poundage to reach the same distance in competition Note that World Archery limits compound bows to 608 in competitions With variability of bow scale weights it is preferable that th
36. d be required on all bows Tie on nocking points are recommended over metal nocking points a top and bottom nocking point Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 32 will ensure good arrow location on the string This one item will greatly improve the accuracy of the bows and make it much easier for the students to shoot especially with three fingers under the arrow If an arrow is nocked too low on the string because there is no nocking point the arrow will fly out of the bow with the nock end low which may cause the fletching to cut the archer s hand All bows need to have an arrow rest or something that holds the arrow up on the bow Without an arrow rest the archers will use their fingers to hold the arrow up This is very dangerous and may cause splinters from the arrow or the fletching to cut the hand 11 8 Arrow Rest Arrow rests can be purchased from archery dealers There is a variety look for the rests to be robust so that they don t bend with large diameter arrows To replace a stick on arrow rest it is most important to clean the area thoroughly with Isopropyl Alcohol and a cloth 11 9 Sight A simple sight can be made with tape and a pin Weather stripping works well for this The pin in the direction of the error to move the group into the middle of the target i e if the group is in the bottom left of the target move the pine down and left This has the effect of pointing the bow furthe
37. e not going to hurt themselves When they are at full draw look at the path that the string will make towards the bow If there is any body part elbow shoulder or chest in the way they are going to hit it Coaches must catch this before it happens and stop students from shooting until they can take care of it Firstly try rotating the bow arm elbow and relaxing the Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 20 shoulder If these don t work you can open their stance or get a longer or second arm guard as a last resort Be aware also of the danger of catching the string on a nipple piercing upon release Coaches may not know whether a student has piercings so ensure that you prevent them over drawing to eliminate the risk 7 1 3 Body Alignment for Strength The next thing that should be worked on is getting the archer in to a natural T position with correct alignment This will enable them to shoot from a stronger position and make shooting easier 7 2 The Moulding Technique With the archer s permission use a hands on approach to get their body in the proper T position Mould their hand into a hook and wrap it around the string Put their hand into the proper bow hand grip position Explaining and demonstrating is ineffective when teaching new archers the procedures of shooting The best way is to put the bow in their hand the string on their fingers and let them feel what it is supposed to feel like N
38. e the arrow in the quiver or other hand before pulling out the next arrow Demonstrate how to pull an arrow from the ground by pulling it back the way it went in trying to pick it up will bend the arrow After they have retrieved all of their arrows ask them to return to the waiting line and wait for two whistles Two whistles Indicates that they may pick up their bows and move to the shooting line Remind them to keep their arrows in their quivers until they hear one whistle 3 2 8 Work with Individuals Work with individuals to get their body in alignment or T form This will make shooting easier for them After they have shot several ends and are comfortable with shooting you may begin to add a few instructions You may like to tell them that this is the secret of archery If they can do these two things exactly the same every time their arrows will go in the same place every time The first thing is pointing the arrow in the same place every time This is done by controlling the position of the string hand with a reference point Explain the importance of a reference and show where the arrow will go If the reference is too high or too low Tell them to reference with the third joint of their first finger underneath their jawline and string on the tip of their nose When drawing the bow keep the drawing forearm and wrist relaxed as if there is a rope connecting their elbow to the string The string hand should make contact with the
39. e through a have a go session it is useful to have prepared the range in advance with bows and arrows ready to use As always start close 5m is an appropriate distance If there is an elevated risk of bounce outs which would make 5m dangerous to the archers increase to a safe distance 14 2 Have A Go Equipment To remove the requirement for matching arrows use as long a set of arrows as is available Whena tall person comes to shoot double check whether the arrows are suitable or get them to bend their front arm It is easiest to reduce the amount of equipment used i e no finger tab or finger sling Armguards may be used if there is time but if not the coach must ensure that the archer s arm is well out of the path before shooting It is recommended that for Have A Go events archers use three fingers underneath the arrow This is easier and faster to understand 14 3 Have A Go Safety Because of the condensed nature of events Have A Go sessions have a number of additional safety requirements which must be managed e As all archers will generally be shooting for the first time Have A Go sessions should generally be run with one on one coaching e Coaches should retrieve the arrows themselves as it is dangerous for first time archers to come in front of the waiting line without a proper safety briefing e Ensure that participants cannot fire when coaches are collecting arrows by either removing arrows from the line or h
40. e tip of the arrow down the string The arrow centre line axis must start in a direct line with a bowstring when the string is aligned with the balanced limb centre If misaligned the alignment of the nodes will rotate during the release see Figure 18 below Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 49 When using a release the arrow most often bends vertically rather than horizontally Therefore there is no need to compensate for any inward compression of the arrow rest or cushion plunger The arrow tip is aligned down the centre of the bowstring Nodes of the arrow are in alignment with the target since the arrow bends vertically when using a release the nodes stay in alignment down the centre of the bowstring The following adjustments should be made during preliminary set up of the bow The sight pin should be set over the centreline of the arrow shaft The cushion plunger is set at the medium spring tension The arrow rest is critical to achieving good arrow clearance For finger release archers the arrow rest support arm should not be visible past the outside of the arrow shaft when observed from overhead Mechanical release shooters using launcher type rests should be certain that the arrow support arm is narrow enough to allow the two lower vanes to pass over without contact This is important to archers using release aids because the arrow most often is supported on the rest for its full length of forwa
41. ere is at least a pound or two contingency so don t recommend that an archer sets their bow to 59 9 18 2 Compound draw length With modern compounds archers shoot against the wall which means pulling the bow until it hits the stops The equipment dictates that a compound bow can only be set up for one draw length at a time hence it is important to tailor this draw length to the archer Most compounds will have the ability to increase or decrease draw length by rotating cam modules with Allen keys or moving the draw stop pegs Check the user manual if need be but be sure to move both by the same amount A few bows especially high performance bows will need a bow press to change draw length In this case if you do not have the correct type of bow press and experience it is best to let a trained archery technician modify the draw length As a coach you need to ensure that the archer has the correct draw length however regardless of whether you or someone else needs to change the draw length The same principles as recurve apply there should be a straight line from the tip of the elbow through the D loop on the string to the pressure point of the hand on the bow 18 3 Peep Height Compound archers are entitled to use a peep sight which is fitted between the strands of the string as per Figure 22 below Archers should line up the scope in the centre of the peep and this is useful Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Vers
42. ering which eye an archer favours is important because it determines whether they will shoot left or right handed if an archer is right eye dominant they will shoot right handed with the bow in their left hand and the string in their right hand This will be the opposite for a left handed archer If there is no strong eye dominance the handedness should be determined by a student s writing hand i e a right handed person would shoot a right handed bow It is a preference for both eyes to be open as this keeps the archer visually relaxed If for any reason an archer needs to obscure an eye i e a dominant right eye but shooting left handed due to an injury this can be done by using an eye patch or glasses with a whited out lens Have the class extend their arms out in front of them and form a small hole by crossing the fingers of one hand over the other fingers of the other hand and touching their thumbs together with both eyes open see Figure 1 below Look at an object in the distance such as a target face Move your hands up and look at the object through the hole that you formed with your hands Instruct them to pull their hands back to their face while keeping the object in the hole Whichever eye they bring their hands to is their dominant eye This can be done a few times to ensure accuracy Figure 1 Checking Eye Dominance Note that for have a go sessions it is usually preferable for speed to have the beginners start out
43. ether e Keep your feet shoulder width apart Standing too open or too closed e Stand sideways to the target e Demonstrate with arrow on the ground pointed towards the target with their toes touching it Posture problems e Stand up straight and tall with equal weight on your feet Moving feet between shots e Keep your feet still or in place or Glue or nail your feet to the ground show how it effects body alignment e Mark your foot positions Both feet in front of or behind the shooting line e Put one foot on each side of the line 9 4 2 Nocking the arrow Putting the arrow anywhere except on the arrow rest i e on top of or through the sight ring On shelf on knuckle e Put the arrow on top of the arrow rest for them so they can see what it looks like Watch the next shot to see that they do it correctly Nocking the arrow anywhere but tight in between the nocking points not snapping it on e Snap the arrow on the string tight up against the nock locator for them so they can see what it looks like Watch the next shot to see that they do it correctly Note that while it is Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 24 recommended all bows have two nocking points if there is only one ensure the arrow goes underneath the nocking point 9 4 3 Set string fingers Hooking the string with the whole hand too many or too few fingers hooking only on the finger tips Shape hand into p
44. ever take a bow out of a beginner s hand to show them how it s done They have already seen you demonstrate a shot during the safety orientation class Keep the bow in their hands and create a statue of an archer Note that hand on application requires permission of the archer Be aware of the context to ensure it is appropriate and use common sense 7 3 Special Needs Special needs archers will usually require one on one coaching assistance Where possible coaches should be aware of the special needs of participants before they arrive to shoot This can be determined by use of a disclosure statement on course or club application forms Be prepared to suggest a more suitable lesson format if safety may be compromised Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 21 8 Teaching a New Archer Practical Example In this section the candidates will get practical experience at teaching a new archer The Instructor should divide the candidates into As and Bs by counting off Have everyone put on their arm guards finger tabs and quivers Have the A archers pick up their bows and go to the shooting line Ask the B archers to select a student and stand behind them If there are an odd number of students in the class have the extra one practise running the range Explain to the archers that they are to act like a group of 10 year old campers that have never shot a bow before They are to do all the things that a
45. gure 16 The objective of arrow centring is to have the arrow leave the theoretical or balanced limb centre of the bow In reality as the arrow oscillates it is the two nodes of the arrow shaft that should leave the centre of the bow in direct alignment to the target Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 47 Front Node Figure 15 Arrow nodes the front node is usually closer to the front of the arrow than the rear node is to the nock end due to the mass weight of the point nodes are always located closer to the heavier mass To find the limb centre for recurve bows stick masking tape across the inside of each limb a few inches from the riser Mark a vertical line on the tape in the exact centre of each limb Align bowstrings with these limb centre marks and adjust the in out position of the arrow using the cushion plunger or horizontal adjustment device until the point is aligned approximately 1 8 inch outside the bowstring To find the balanced limb centre location for set up of the compound bow put masking tape across the inside of each limb a few inches from the riser Measure the width of the limb at the tape and mark the tape in the exact centre of each limb Measure 3 16 inch to the left of the mark for right handed archers and draw a larger vertical mark on the tape For left handed archers make a mark 3 16 inch to the right of the centre limb mark The second mark will be imprec
46. he course will be given and schedule for the day outlined This is a good time to discuss the schedule and to discover any problems that may come up Schedule changes should be made only if the entire class is in agreement The organiser should share any information about the meal times places and the location of the rest rooms Participants are encouraged to ask questions and participate in discussions Everyone has something to contribute Questions may be asked at any time 2 4 Course Requirements There are three requirements that candidates need to fulfil in order to pass the course and become certified e Candidates must attend all sessions of the course e Candidates must pass the written test with a score of 75 or better e Candidates must pass the practical test teaching a Safety Orientation class to a group This third requirement is necessary so that candidates can be seen to know all of the range rules and procedures can explain and demonstrate a shot and can control a group In this section candidates shall go through each step of shooting discuss common beginner errors and how to correct them 2 5 Coach Code of Ethics All coaches and coach candidates must adhere to the SportNZ Coach Code of Ethics Breaches of the code of ethics should be referred to the ANZ Coaching Panel Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 3 The Safety Orientation Class In this section the course instructor wil
47. he group will be the students After each candidate or group completes their safety orientation class through the pulling of the arrows the class will evaluate and discuss their presentation The class should use the Oreo technique when evaluating the presentations It is important at this time to note candidates control of the group handling situations as they arise For fun the group that is shooting may be assigned to act in one of the following manners e 7year old Cub Scouts e 13 year old giggly kids who would rather be at the mall e 80 year old senior citizens from a nursing home e 18 22 year old Foreign exchange students who understand English but cannot speak it e 16 year old inner city gang members in a police program This role playing exercise can be fun as well as educational The candidates will provide more distractions than a normal group of students Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 38 14 Have A Go Sessions When conducting a Have A Go session where archers will generally shoot just a handful of arrows as a taster of the sport different procedures are usually used 14 1 Have A Go Range Set Up Any new location to be used for an archery session or where a coach is new to the location will need to be inspected before the day of the event Safety must be paramount Targets can be placed on the ground and back stop netting used to improve safety In order to get peopl
48. hoot Get them shooting as quickly as possible The early success is accomplished by making sure that they are close enough to the target to hit it every time e Start the archers out close to the target 5 metres preferred unless there is risk of arrows rebounding further off hard objects Arrows should always hit the target or target butt Missed arrows are not necessary The archers will be more successful and will have more fun if you start them close to the target If they miss the butt shooting time is wasted retrieving arrows Missed arrows also become lost or damaged Students searching for lost arrows also add an additional element of danger As the students progress then can be rewarded by moving to further distances e Assoonas the equipment is handed out get the archers on the shooting line e This will get their attention focused on you Since they are all facing in the same direction they will quit talking to each other e Keep it brief and simple Save anything that the students don t need to know to shoot their first arrow for a later time This includes the parts of the bow and arrow the history of archery and equipment tuning Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 e Only instruct students on a rule or procedure at the time they need to know it If a group of students sit down and listen to a list of rules they will accomplish very little They will not remember most of the rules and many
49. ion 10 4 May 2014 54 in aligning the bow with the target The peep sight should always be secured with serving to prevent it coming loose upon firing Figure 22 Peep Sight Always set the correct draw length first before you set peep height To set the correct peep height have the archer draw the bow with their eyes closed and reference with the gap between their index and middle finger knuckles on their jaw line When they open their eyes they should see the sight through the peep If not it needs to be moved up or down If the peep sight does not rotate correctly the archer will not be able to see through it Some entry level compounds use an elastic cord to pull the peep sight in line though there are risks of this breaking in competition as there is a lot of force on these cords Without a cord a bow press will be required to rotate strands around the peep Note that the peep must always have an equal number of strands on either side of it to be centred If the peep is slightly off line this can be countered by rotating the D loop on the string slightly and tightening the D loop These items can be undertaken by a bow technician if the coach does not have the equipment 18 4 Compound Arrow Rest Because of the use of release aids the arrow does not flex horizontally as with a finger release but rather vertically Hence a compound arrow rest also known as a launcher is required 18 5 Release Aids There are three
50. ise in the preliminary set up stage as the archer will locate the true balanced limb centre when fine tuning Wheel Bow limb Actual limb center Tape Balanced limb center Measured 3 16 from actual center Bow limb Wheel Figure 16 Compound Balanced Limb Centre Finger release shooters should align the tip of the arrow approximately 1 8 inch or less outside the bowstring with the bowstring properly centred to the left for right handed archer The arrow tip is slightly outside the string to compensate for the amount the cushion plunger or side loading device compresses in towards the bow when the arrow is released Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 48 Line to target Line to target As the cushion plunger compresses the nodes of the arrow come in direct alignment to the target When there is no pressure ag the cushion plunger the finger release arrow is aligned outside the center of the bowstring Figure 17 Line to Target With a finger release the arrow bends horizontally first bending in towards the bow and then away from it at which point the arrow shaft leaves the arrow rest In the next bending sequence the arrow nock disengages from the string The arrow is on its way oscillating all the way to the target Oscillation decreases as the arrow travels further from the bow Mechanical release shooters should align th
51. iss and time will be wasted searching for arrows e Where will the missed arrows go Make sure that there is a safe area behind the targets and that the arrows will not become lost or damaged End a game while the students are still enjoying it Let them know when this will be the last end Always leave them wanting more Candidates should discuss the importance of games and when to play each shooting session should finish with game Note If a break is needed during this course the Instructor may choose to play some archery games Some suggestions are as follows e Getarchers to shoot all their arrows then draw cards to select the score for each colour e Runa knock out 1 arrow match play where archers must shoot on the target to move to the next round getting gradually more difficult and ending with needing to shoot within the gold to stay in e Balloon shoot e Team match play cumulative score of each team wins Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 37 13 Example Group Instruction In this section each candidate will teach a Safety Orientation Class to the group The group will evaluate and discuss each presentation The Instructor will break the class up into small groups to teach the safety orientation class so no more than 5 or 6 classes are taught For this exercise candidates will start off teaching the class assuming that all of the equipment has been handed out The rest of t
52. l run an example Safety Orientation Class with the coach candidates acting as the beginners The notes in this section can be used by the course instructor to ensure key points are covered and can also be used by coaches as a guide to running a beginner s course session 3 1 The Safety Orientation Class Demonstration The entire class of coach candidates will be taken through a Safety Orientation class as if they are first time shooters Candidates may have to take turns shooting if there are not enough bows This part will be kept brief with candidates shooting as soon as they can The coaching instructor will help them individually with their form The shooting line will be at 5 metres unless there is a risk of arrows rebounding further than this off hard objects The following sections consist of instructions for the Course Instructor to follow 3 1 1 Safety Orientation Class Key Points There should be a minimum of three different safety talks throughout the first class of tuition PART 1 Handing out equipment PART 2 Before they shoot and PART 3 Before they pull their arrows for the first time The course instructor needs to set the example during the safety orientation class Practice teaching this class until it can be done near perfectly Here are a few key points to remember e The most important part of the safety orientation class is Early Participation Early Success The archers come to the archery range to s
53. le Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 36 12 1 4 Competitions Archery is an Olympic sport and competitions should be a part of any archery program Competitions should not be overdone though Recommend one major competition per week or session They can really play it up to make it a fun event for all of the students Some clubs also compete against other clubs 12 1 5 Games Tell the group about a few archery games that you know Invite them to share any games they have and to make some up They may create games There are a few key items that must be remembered when playing archery games e The games must match the ability of the shooters Be careful not to make games too difficult e Many games may look easy like lots of small targets but are actually very difficult this is how carnival games make so much money e The students cannot shoot well enough to intentionally hit a small target so it becomes a game of luck If the targets only cover 5 of the area You can only expect them to hit it 1 out of 20 times e If a game is too difficult move the archers closer If it is too easy or as their skills progress move them back e Always follow the Archery Range Rules and Procedures when teaching games Always enforce all of the rules e When putting balloons or other items on a target keep them in the middle 50 of the target butt If you place items near the edge of the target the arrows will m
54. lease hand may flick away from their face on release Rather than telling them to relax their wrist you should be aware that they will need to have their forearm aligned with the line of force before they will be able to relax their wrist 21 3 Using a Clicker 21 3 1 Purpose of a Clicker The purpose of the clicker is a draw check device to ensure that a recurve archer draws the bow to the same distance and poundage every shot While use of a clicker is not mandatory when used well it can significantly improve a recurve archer s accuracy See Figure 29 below for an example Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 66 Figure 29 Clicker 21 3 2 Setting the Correct Draw Length The clicker is set correctly when it activates with the following conditions being met e Posture is correct e Shoulder alignment is correct e Head position is correct e The archer is at full draw string at correct face references with the string forearm in line with the line of force e Front wrist is in correct position i e not extended as a high grip For an established senior archer the clicker position should be near the back of the riser Any further and there will be more drag on the arrow than necessary For a junior archer who is growing it is important to set the clicker an inch or two past the back of the riser so that as they grow they will not over draw the rest Some models of clickers can have a lot
55. main types of release aid which act on the following mechanisms Lever Trigger Rotation Back Tension Pressure Poundage 18 5 1 Trigger The Trigger is the most common type of release aid and works by the archer squeezing a lever which activates the shot after a certain pressure is applied See Figure 23 below for an example of a trigger release aid Note that some triggers can also be attached with a wrist strap Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 55 Figure 23 Trigger Release Aid 18 5 2 Rotation Rotation release aids are commonly referred to as back tension releases and operate by the rotation of the device until the activation point is reached Care must be taken with these types of release aids during the draw as if over rotated they can release early potentially causing the archer to punch themselves in the mouth due to the force of the string being released The bow must ALWAYS be drawn level as if aimed high during the draw a misfire can send the arrow very far behind the target There is usually a peg for the archer to grip with their thumb during the draw this helps prevent the release aid from rotating to the activation point during the draw Likewise this can be gripped when drawing down Figure 24 Rotation Release Aid 18 5 3 Pressure Pressure release aids are less common e g Carter Evolution They are drawn back with a safety activated When at
56. nd 80cm target Shorter rounds are shot by some juniors and masters 15 4 Match Play Rounds Most international and national tournaments are decided with a match play event Match play is a knock out event similar to tennis with ranking decided with a qualification event Medal matches are shot arrow by arrow with 20 seconds per arrow 15 5 Field Rounds In field rounds archers progress through a course of targets some shot uphill or downhill Rounds are shot at either targets or 3D foam animals and originated as a practice round for hunting In some cases archers need to estimate the distance to the target 15 6 Clout Round Clout originated from when longbows were used in warfare Arrows are shot in the air at a large target on the ground Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 40 DEVELOPMENT COACH MANUAL ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 41 16 Equipment and Selection 16 1 Recurve Equipment In addition to the simple diagrams shown in the Foundation Manual see Figure 8 below for a diagram of a more common recurve setup for a club archer D I limb Bow Stri ae Eo x Wood or syntactic hard foam core an Riser Aluminum Magnesium or carbon Sight window _ handle b i Clicker SEN a _ draw check O _ Arrow rest Pivot point Carbon E mu I aak V Bar extender s M Nock
57. nnen trennen enne enne ens 21 O Problemy Correcto sirep dos aE e S EE E R EA E E E A EE EE E AEE OE T O 22 10 Problem Correction ACH VAty ier recte titre tema teinte tes eri CHE ES CHER aE CH ERN EGRE TE SEP E R EEE ee re eek E EEEE 27 IMEEM M 28 12 Archery Programme Development smiercia trt nint ettet rerit to ttes eso coeno Ere ERN ERR See HEUTE Oed EE a EERE o Ea ERE EEE Ei 35 13 Ex mple Group IDstruc toON RR 37 14 Have A Go NI UD renien raeo rE EEEE EPEE EEEE EE EEEE EEE EE EEEE rE EEEE EE A EE Aee EEE NE EESE 38 15 Knowledge of Governing Bodies and Competitions sessi em remet enne 39 DEVELOPMENT COACH MANUAL ADDITIONAL MATERIAL eene emen emere rrt 40 16 Equipment and Selection EL 41 17 Rec rve BOW Set U pp ee 46 18 Compound Equipment cccccsaiviecsserscorsunssdtascesscpcbeebhdedssassensengstanceencescnvubedacsescsnesensedsessneysacbsebudsdbensyeessbasciyspeesesecdsebhdessees 52 19 Equipment UENd CIE 57 20 Mental Training E RAS 58 AEQ dcn A E E E E E E E E E 60 22 Problem Correction Practical s stectsaassitassisccpeecusndedecantepsshesbinseeaseaycsvubelecasncsenevonsnisesunsas EE AERE EE EEE DE EPET Ora NE NEER 68 23 Physical Preparation m nEn EEEE
58. o wait for you to watch them personally before they shoot their first arrow Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 12 Go behind the shooting line and blow the whistle one time During the first few ends give verbal commands along with the whistle commands This will help the participants get used to what the whistle commands mean Watch each student shoot making sure that they are not going to hit their arm shoulder or chest Let them get used to shooting just pulling back the string to their face and releasing the arrow 3 2 7 Before Pulling Arrows Make sure that all of the archers are behind the waiting line before blowing the whistle 3 times Tell them to WALK to the target after the whistle is blown 3 times and to wait behind the target line With the archers at the target line demonstrate how to pull an arrow Explain that this can be the most dangerous part of the sport They need to make sure that no one is standing behind them Two archers from each target butt may move forward to the side of the target Standing to the side of the target place one hand on the target face next to the arrow grip the arrow as close to the target as possible touching the hand on the target face and pull the arrow straight out note that students MUST check that nobody is immediately behind the arrows when drawing from the target If you grip the arrow near the nock end you will bend or break the arrow Plac
59. oaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 43 16 3 Bow Length The preferred length of the bow partially depends upon the archer s draw length since people with a short draw should get optimum performance with a shorter bow Likewise a person with a long draw would be better with a longer bow Recommended bow lengths are 60 64 Draw 24 or less 65 66 Draw 25 26 67 68 Draw 27 28 69 70 Draw 29 or more 16 4 Bow Poundage Always select a bow poundage that the archer is capable of using without straining their abilities Don t select a poundage that an archer will struggle with for a year but grow into This period can do a lot of damage to their technique as well as quickly raise their risk of injury Note that bow poundage is generally rated for a standard 28 draw length As per 16 1 Arrows increasing draw length will increase poundage and decreasing draw length will decrease poundage Some suggested limb ratings are as follows e Beginner courses 16 e Purchasing first bow Recurve 24H e Purchasing first bow Compound 30 These draw weights are nominal and of course depend on the archer s age strength size and any physical conditions If in doubt err on the lighter side Many archers will find it macho to have a high draw weight but it is the coach s responsibility to keep them to a draw weight that will not compromise their safety and performance After the selection of their first b
60. ogramme Development In this section candidates learn about methods for developing an archery programme for beginners 12 1 Class Discussions Instruction Planning Plan classes depending on their situation and how long the students get to shoot each day and how many days Discuss different situations and how you would organise the classes This should include handing out equipment and a review of range control rules and the steps of shooting 12 1 1 Variety and Fun Discuss variety in the programs and how it can keep them from getting bored with archery The purpose of this section is to motivate the candidates to be creative in finding ways to help the students enjoy and have fun with archery 12 1 2 Scoring Rounds Have the students score a short round depending on how much time is available If using a World Archery target face 10 zone scoring is undertaken as follows Centre Gold X scored as ten points but Xs counted as tie breakers Inner Gold 10 Outer Gold 9 Inner Red 8 Outer Red 7 Inner Blue 6 Outer Blue 5 Inner Black 4 Outer Black 3 Inner White 2 Outer White 1 5 zone scoring is an alternative which can be undertaken with colours only i e 9 7 5 3 1 for gold red blue black white 12 1 3 Achievement Programs In achievement programs the students are competing against themselves for a score goal There are formal systems such as JAMA Recommend that they start the club achievement program if one is availab
61. oking to compete in tournaments there are 9 strict controls around use of performance enhancing substances Important information can be found on the e NZ Drug Free Sport website and World Anti Doping DRUG FREE SPORT NZ Agency http www drugfreesport org nz http www wada ama or There is a number on the NZ Drug Free Sport website that athletes can call or text to anonymously request information about whether a substance is banned or not It is important that the athletes know whether substances they are using are banned or not Pharmacists and Doctors have access to a list of banned substances in sport be sure to let your doctor know that you participate in competitive archery and may not utilise banned substances 24 1 Common Banned Substances Some common substance groups which are banned are but not limited to e Cannabinoids e Steroids e Beta Blockers e Opiates e Some cold and flu medications Pseudoephedrine e Alcohol limit is far lower than the NZ drink drive limit essentially nothing Many banned substances are also found in herbal remedies archers should not take these unless they can be certain that ALL ingredients are allowed Please note that the banned drug list changes annually and should be reviewed for updates 24 2 Penalties for drug use All athletes can be tested in competition Some elite athletes will also be on an out of competition drug testing register meaning that drug testing staff may tu
62. onflicting messages from the brain to the muscles and a lot of tension in the shot Likewise even if the archer is not pointed in the middle when they release they should not try and move the aim before releasing this will destabilise the shot Executing a bad shot aimed in the middle will generally provide fewer points than a good shot aimed further from the middle 21 3 4 When to Start Using a Clicker This course recommends that once archers have developed reasonably consistent posture and shoulder alignment a clicker can be introduced and will even assist in improving consistency of these It can be introduced as early as immediately following a beginner course but it is very important that the archers be coached in how to use the clicker well from the first time they use one it is easy to set in place bad habits that take a long time to eliminate Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 68 22 Problem Correction Practical In this section the candidates will analyse the technique of a number of archers and advise how they would improve the archers performance The Instructor should have prepared for some archers to be available for the candidates to analyse If this is not possible then candidates may analyse video footage of archers Candidates should note that they will not be giving feedback to the archers directly They should silently and individually observe the archers for a number of end
63. ong term pinnacle goal Timely again to ensure that they will progress to their key goals in a suitable timeframe The coach should assist the archer in understanding what progression is realistic for their level of performance Score based goals are often easy to work into the SMART goal setting system but be aware that too much of a focus on score can create a mental barrier It is ok to work some non SMART goals in also Usually a focus on improving the technique and process will have the result of an improved score anyway Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 59 All goals should be regularly reassessed to ensure they remain relevant in line with the archer s progress 20 3 Relaxation Attending your first tournament can seem daunting at first but it does not need to be If a student is under stress get them to breathe slowly deeply diaphragmatic breathing and relax their muscles Then advise them to focus solely on their shot process not to any distractions that may come around A conscious effort in relaxing the shoulders neck muscles right the way to the fingertips can help to lower stress Imagery of a relaxing scene or meditation will help also but needs to be trialled in practice first to be effective It is also useful to give your students some perspective when they are stressed remember that it s just a sport Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 Ma
64. ow archers should generally only increase bow poundage in increments no larger than 2 at a time especially at the higher draw weights Unless the archers are world level they will generally have no need for a recurve draw weight over about 42 appropriate for an adult with 4 5 years experience and should easily make all distances with this 16 5 Slings Slings are generally not used for have a go sessions as they can be cumbersome for a beginner to come to terms with They are however necessary for competitive archers In order to ensure the bow hand and wrist do not twist the bow upon release or worse grab at it during the release the wrist bow hand and fingers will need to the relaxed before during and after the shot Note that the wrist can only be relaxed if it is placed in the correct location see 21 2 3 The sling should be loose enough such that it does not exert pressure on the fingers or wrist when at full draw but tight enough so that with a relaxed wrist and fingers the bow grip does not fall out of Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 44 the sling About 10 20mm of play in a sling when at full draw is a suitable starting point If an archer s wrist or hand stays tense during the shot and doesn t drop away like a relaxed hand should try reducing the play in the sling A sling that is too loose is not performing any function and will lead to archers gripping the bow There are
65. point AL m rag eA ll Center string serving Y Stabilizer TRI m i weights uu Plastic or wooden grip Stabilizer weights Side rod stabilizer j String nock Figure 8 Recurve Equipment World Archery Level 1 Coaching Manual 16 2 Arrows Candidates should be able to use an arrow chart to select an appropriately spined arrow for the purpose Candidates should be aware of e Calculating the correct draw length measured from throat of the nock to the cushion plunger hole plus 1 This can be approximated as being in line with the furthest part of the handle from the archer Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 42 e Allowance of 2 for juniors arrows when they are growing e Understanding that an increase in draw length increases the draw weight of a bow approximately 1 2 per inch See Figure 9 below for an example arrow selection chart COMPOUND BOW Release Aid Calculated Peak Bow Weight Ibs Mamun Seem Om siden cian iius lia sio eda iow Cia OSom DCM car gow 5 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 meets iP edm iin edem iym ROW Sdan ibam ibam ism n M T B No X10 ProTour o ACE suitatve in shaded areas above Figure 9 Arrow Selection Chart 16 2 1 Arrow Selection Worked Example As an example an archer has a 26 4 draw length and shoots a recurve bow that is marked 30H The 30 marking on the bow indicates that it measures 308
66. previous section Go over the Safety Orientation Class Outline pointing out key elements and rules Discuss additional elements that the candidates need to be aware of e The Coach should be the last one back from behind the targets e Keep the arrows in the quivers e Watch for archers over drawing the bows e Make sure that the target area is clear behind and In front of the targets before blowing the whistle 4 2 Archery Range Set up Archery Range safety standards are important for liability reasons See Figure 2 below for an example Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 15 Indoor Archery Outdoor Archery Range Layout Range Layout 3m Target Line 3m Target Line Shooting Line Shooting Line 5m Waiting Line 5m Waiting Line Open Door Figure 2 Indoor and Outdoor Range Layout There should be a shooting line a waiting line and a target line These can be made with rope or tape Do not secure ends to prevent tripping The shooting line should be at a distance that is close enough to hit the target every time This will vary with the age and ability or disability of the archers and the size of the target butts The preference is for a single shooting line not staggered The waiting line should be 5 metres behind the shooting line The waiting line allows the range director to have a clear view of the archers that are shooting and a clear line so that the whistle will not be blown while
67. r up and right Basic sights can also be purchase relatively cheaply 11 10 Arrows Some coaches may opt to send arrows away to archery shops for repair but coaches should know the principles of how to fletch and nock arrows 11 10 1 Inspection Arrows should be inspected to make sure that they are reasonably straight have 3 fletches and the nocks are not cracked or broken If using carbon arrows bend the arrows slightly and rotate them to make sure that they are not cracked Cracked or broken arrows that are not repairable should be carefully broken in pieces so they can t be used and safely thrown away Note that carbon arrows should generally not be used for beginner courses due to the higher risks of carbon splinters if mistreated Aluminium arrows are instead recommended for beginner courses 11 10 2 Fletching The following instructions are for preparing aluminium fibreglass carbon and aluminium carbon arrows Unless the fletching jig has an adjustable indexing feature fletch the arrows with the nocks temporarily installed fletch index and bond the nocks so that vanes clear the arrow rest You can wipe just the area of the shaft to be fletched with lacquer thinner acetone or Methyl Ethyl Ketone M E K until no residue shows on a clean white paper towel Wipe the base of the vanes with lacquer thinner acetone or M E K as oil on the base of some vanes can prevent adhesives from adhering to them When preparing for fletching o
68. rd travel For the aluminium carbon or all carbon shafts with less space between vanes it may be necessary to reduce the width of the launcher blade It should be noted that when using all carbon arrow shafts which have externally fitted nocks it may be necessary to move the nocking point up slightly to allow the nock to clear the rest The nock diameter is significantly larger than the shaft diameter on these arrows A slightly higher nocking point lifts the arrow off the rest and keeps the nock from touching it eliminating a potential clearance problem Clicker shooters be sure the arrow is well supported on the rest and not held in place by tension of the clicker It is important to draw the bow a few times without the clicker to make sure that the arrow can be drawn and let down without falling off the rest Nock tension should be tight enough that the arrow can easily support its own weight when hanging vertically on the string nock against the nocking point To check if the nock is too tight hang the arrow vertically on the string and give the string a sharp tap with finger on the serving about one to two inches from the nock The arrow should separate from the string Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 a Bowstring to target alignment Rear node position Front node position The arrow is not positioned to leave the center Of the bowstring it is out too far Nodes are not in
69. re 27 Location of String on Fingers If the string is on the tips of the fingers there will be too much tension in the fingers to release cleanly Conversely if too deep a hook the release will be less clean due to the added mass of fingers that it needs to push out of the way Note that shorter bows will have a more acute angle on the fingers Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 63 21 2 5 Shoulder Position Alignment Like the stance there are a range of shoulder positions that are classified as e Open shoulders pointing left of the target for a RH archer e Square shoulders in line with the target e Closed shoulders pointing right of the target for a RH archer shoulders in line with bow arm It is preferable that the shoulder position be closed so that the shoulder joints form a straight line with the bow arm D E in line with C D in Figure 28 Shoulder Alignment below While square is acceptable where archers do not have sufficient clearance for a closed position the more open the shoulder position is the more muscles the archer must use to keep the front arm collapsing For both shoulders a low position must be maintained The lower the front shoulder position the less force will be required to keep the bow arm up and the more consistent the draw length The lower the back shoulder and shoulder blade the easier it will be for archers to get their string forearm in line with
70. rn up to their house unannounced in order to perform a drug test A refusal to undertake a drug test counts as a positive drug test Penalties can vary depending on the class of a drug but will usually involve an exclusion from all sport competitions for a period of years 24 3 Therapeutic Use Exemptions Some athletes will require the use of banned substances when they are no alternative medicines available for critical health conditions In this instance athletes will need to apply for a Therapeutic Use Exemption TUE as per requirements found on the NZ Drug Free Sport website Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 74 25 Appendices 25 1 References American NAA Coaching Manuals World Archery Level 1 Coaches Manual ACC Static Stretching Website Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 75 25 2 9 Steps to the 10 Ring Posters Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014
71. roper position and hook on string with the string in the first groove of each finger This is good to show as an example as it is difficult to explain this skill Hands on is necessary Pinching the arrow so it comes off the arrow rest may be caused by too much tension in the back of the hand gripping with the back of the hand or holding the arrow too tight between the fingers For the first go try three fingers under the arrow for new shooters Next have them relax the back of their hand and keep their fingers away from the arrow They may also use a tab with a finger spacer or put something between the fingers to keep them separated 9 4 4 Set bow hand Holding with thumb only Gripping with the whole hand heeling Gripping the bow too low common on straight fiberglass bows with flat grip e Place hand in proper position 9 4 5 Pre draw Raising or moving bow shoulder forward when raising bow arm e Keep your bow shoulder down e Put your hand on their bow shoulder Many kids do not have the muscle awareness to hold their bow shoulder down Sometimes it helps to have them hold their bow arm out and raise their shoulder up at high as it will go Then tell them to pull it down and hold it there That is where they want to keep it while shooting Locking front elbow e Explain elbow rotation e Explain the slight bend method explaining that a straight arm is better than hyperextending Leaning back when raising bow arm
72. s and from a number of different angles to make their assessments They should then report back to the Instructor noting the following e Key opportunities for improvement e Action plan to undertake the changes required If required the candidates may ask the archers some very basis questions including what their poundage is how long they have been shooting for and what their goals are The Instructor will give feedback on whether they have identified the key opportunities for improvements and also on their proposed methodology for implementing changes Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 69 23 Physical Preparation 23 1 Preparation for Shooting Warm up and cool down exercises are essential for mobility and recovery They only need to last a few minutes but will help to reduce the incidence and severity of injury Stretches will help to further increase mobility and reduce the risk of injury Recommended stretches will focus on the back shoulders arms neck and wrists Elastic bands can be used to warm up and stretch also as per the following diagrams Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 i Below are some stretches that could be done if no stretchy band is available Trunk side flexors Stand with your feet comfortably apart Fold your arms above your head Bend to the side slowly I DOT Stretch up with your upper elbow gt Pectorals
73. sion will relax and the big loop can be slid over the top limb of the bow That is why it is made bigger Then you put the bottom loop in the lower limb string notch with the string on the face of the bow It is difficult to tell which side is the face on some older fibreglass bows Sometimes the limbs are so straight you have to look at the grip to determine which side is the face It is common for camps to string bows in the wrong direction This can be dangerous because the string may slip off of the tips easily Once a string is put on a bow and is set up it should never come off of the bow The bow should be strung and unstrung by sliding the top loop over the upper limb unlike in Figure 6 above Store the bow with the string attached This will save a great deal of time between sessions if strings are normally taken off of the bows and stuffed in a can for the mice to make a nest out of Strings should generally have about 12 20 twists in them After twisting they can be given a very light coating of wax candle wax is an acceptable alternative to commercial string wax and burnished gently with some leather or similar to melt the wax in between the fibres Strings should be waxed every month or more often if used frequently Waxing the string helps to lubricate the various strands and to water proof the string this prolongs the life of the string 11 7 Nocking Points The instructor should show how to put on a nocking point This shoul
74. the line of force Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 64 In Line Form Draw Force Line Right Handed Archer Viewed from the side A Draw Elbow B Anchor C Bow Hand D Front Shoulder E Rear Shoulder Viewed from above Figure 28 Shoulder Alignment Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 65 21 2 6 Alignment One of the more important things for archers to do is to get their string forearm in line with the pressure point on the bow A B in line with B C on Figure 28 above This will have the string elbow slightly above parallel with the ground 21 2 7 String Hand Wrist Releasing well is achieved by only relaxing muscles in the fingers wrist and continuing to use every other muscle with the same force before during and after the shot It can be difficult to relax muscles instantaneously when the wrist is highly tensed Note that the wrist will only be able to be relaxed if the archer has their string forearm aligned with the pressure point in the bow 21 2 8 Head Position The head position should be upright eye line horizontal rotated towards the target and the neck reasonably relaxed Wearing glasses will necessitate the head being turned more towards the target 21 2 9 Analysing Biomechanical Issues In analysing technique issues it is important for the coach to focus on the root cause not the symptoms For example an archer s re
75. the string that they can locate against their lips Another option may be for the string to remain on the tip of the nose and for the reference on the chin to come further around the side of the chin 21 2 Biomechanics 21 2 1 Stance The stance provides the base stability of a shot like a good tripod for a sniper rifle If your stance is not stable the archer will not be able to build a solid shooting platform especially in windy conditions As per the 9 Steps diagrams the three foot stance positions are open square and closed While a square stance as per Figure 25 below is easiest to understand for beginners more experienced archers will generally shoot with an open stance with their front foot moving to the left of the target for a right handed archer and vice versa for left handed This increases core stability by pre tensing the abdominal muscles improving the archers resistance to wind The stance should be approximately shoulder width apart A wider stance will give more stability in the wind but take a lot more energy in the legs to maintain and tire an archer out faster Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 61 Figure 25 Square Stance 21 2 2 Posture An archer s posture is generally determined by the position of their hips and the alignment of their spine With feet alignment pointing to the left and good shoulder alignment pointing to the right for right handed archers
76. thread locker to keep certain key threads in position for grub screws etc Be careful to select the correct type of thread locker for the thread material 19 3 Spares Archers should keep spare equipment for what they are most likely to break Recommend a number of spare arrows in case of lost fletches broken nocks etc A spare string finger tab and sling are very useful Archers involved in tournament shooting should keep spares for a wider array of equipment 19 4 Care for Equipment in the Rain Ensure that archers dry their equipment thoroughly following a session of training in the rain This will prevent corrosion of the equipment Equipment should be left out of the case to enable it to dry thoroughly Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 58 20 Mental Training 20 1 Shot Process The purpose of a shot process shot routine is to gain focus and physical consistency through mental consistency i e to shoot the same you must think the same on every single shot The coach can develop an athlete s shot process that focuses the mind and embeds certain changes that an archer is working on at the time Hence a shot process can change and develop over time so coaches should work with their archers to keep it live and relevant Pick a few key words that the archer should think about through their shot cycle For example if you are trying to embed a consistent set up and expansion of the shot
77. ts do not need to be a member of Archery New Zealand This course is also suitable for Archery New Zealand members with less than two years archery experience who wish to get involved with club coaching and assist with running have a go days and beginner courses 1 2 Development Coach The Development Coach Course is offered for those who wish to act as a club coach Candidates must be over 18 a member of ANZ and have been involved in archery for at least two years The course will enable candidates to lead club beginner courses as well as work with club members to support their development and growth from their first lesson to major tournament level To remain recognised as an ANZ Development Coach coaches must remain members of ANZ in good standing 1 3 Other Archery New Zealand Courses In line with an athlete based coach approach ANZ offers a Performance Coach Course for those intending to work with Performance archers and take archers from shooting regional tournaments onto New Zealand Representation The High Performance Coach Course is offered for those who will be working with the country s high performance archers and will target taking these archers from international representation to successful performance on the world stage 1 4 Liability Archery New Zealand ANZ takes on no liability whatsoever for coaches who undertake these qualifications It is the responsibility of coaches to arrange their own professional indemnit
78. were Just speak plain simple English If it makes sense to you it will probably make sense to them Explain the positive approach to coaching Also stress the importance of lots of positive comments and encouragement when working with new archers Always find something they are doing well and do not criticise or point out faults 9 2 Positive approach in teaching archery Two common faults of novice coaches that are trying to help are e Only pointing out errors telling the archer what they are doing wrong Example You re gripping the bow e Telling them not to do whatever they are doing wrong Example Don t grip the bow These two statements contain no information about what the coach wants the archer to do A correct and positive coaching statement would be Keep your bow hand relaxed Coaches that give positive instructions are more respected by athletes Negative instructions lower an athlete s self esteem and make them not want to listen to you Your mind cannot visualise not doing something Try this Don t think about pink elephants What are you thinking about Now If said Think about green rabbits would you be thinking about pink elephants We are teaching our most advanced archers to visualise and concentrate on what they want to make happen We should start out by teaching our newest shooters to think this way If you teach with negative statements don t be surprised if your archer goes to a tournament thinking
79. will not even make sense until they have begun the activity Example When you hand out the arrows Instruct them to keep them in their quivers Explain how to pull arrows only after they have shot and right before they are going to pull them e Keep all of your words and sentences positive Don t say Don t Never say Never They will learn the importance of this by your example e Make sure that you cover all of the Archery Range Rules and Procedures You will have to repeat some rules several times to remind the archers Example Keep your arrows in your quiver until have blown the whistle to begin shooting e Speak clearly and take control of the group Be confident e Always enforce every rule 100 Example Make sure every arrow is in a quiver and everyone is straddling the shooting line before blowing the whistle one time to begin shooting e Make sure that everyone can hear you and all are paying attention Stand where everyone can see the front of you during the shooting demonstration e Always keep your arrow pointed down or towards the target while demonstrating e Keep the class moving Always keep the archers busy with positive instructions If individuals are having problems finish the class and then work with them individually 3 2 Safety Orientation Class Lesson Plan 3 2 1 Range Rules and Procedures Explain the archery range safety rules and procedures Make sure that you have memorised these and cover each one
80. y 2014 60 21 Technique 21 1 Anatomy 21 1 1 Back Tension Back Tension is a concept used by coaches to explain the process for correct muscle use at full draw Activating back tension involves squeezing the string arm shoulder blade scapula towards the spine This is balanced by extending the bow arm towards the target Think of it as a balanced push pull action A good way to get an archer to understand the muscles involved is to hold up their string forearm up parallel to the shoulders and hand about 20cm in front of their chin Then get them to keep the forearm parallel to their shoulders but bring the forearm towards them so that their hand ends up touching their chin They should feel muscles in their back pulling the shoulder blade in towards the spine With good body awareness they will be able to use these muscles at full draw to expand through the clicker region Note that for back tension to work effectively the string arm shoulder blade should not be hard up against the spine there should be some room to expand slightly throughout the follow through 21 1 2 Body Geometry Not everyone has the same body geometry or flexibility so it is not always possible to attain the ideal techniques For instance some archers will have a range of sizes of nose and chin generating some difficulty in touching string to both the nose and chin For archers with small noses it may be useful to affix a kisser button to
81. y insurance 1 5 Reaccreditation In order to maintain currency of qualifications and to show that they are active coaches there is a self assessment that Development Coaches and above submit every 3 years Foundation Coaches can re sit the Foundation Coach examination and must pass to retain accreditation as an ANZ Foundation Coach Refer to the ANZ National Coaching Program document on the ANZ website 1 6 Coach Development The ANZ Coaching Commission organises coach development seminars in each of the districts every year Coaches should seek out these opportunities to keep up to date and improve their skills Foundation and Development Coaching Manual Version 10 4 May 2014 2 Introduction 2 1 Purpose of this Manual The purpose of this manual is to act as a teaching resource and lesson plan for the instructors of Foundation and Development Coach Courses but also for the candidates to use in their studies The manual contains the information that will be examined at the conclusions of the course The manual is also available to be used by coaches as a reference guide and it is encouraged that coaches consult it where necessary 2 2 Introduction of staff and participants The class instructor shall introduce themselves and explain their archery background and experience in coaching Candidates shall introduce themselves and explain their archery background 2 3 Explain course outline and requirements A brief explanation of t

Foundation and Development Coaching Manual

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