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Power Electronics Devices on LV networks – Appendices

1. 15 16 Tralnind ice Pm oe ii Seti p Sree 15 17 Network Faults aeta ean rata aa anaa RR OXIx aa Enara AOA AA REEERE EFE ARARAS aS 16 18 Software Upgrad iiinis dreina ainiaan doiena naerab aisada atadian 17 19 Points olIsolatlolh o Dente E hth este hte Ahk 17 20 Asset R gistration secs cesta sissies aneii ace tess take aaiae S e rea assa A Ld cS dues 17 21 PowerOn and Netmap 2cnninndinenniednntedes 17 22 FRETET a e T 18 Appendix A General Arrangement ssssesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneneeeeeeeeesenseeneeeeeeeeeseseesenneeeeeeeees 19 Appendix B Substation Labels ccccccsssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseeeeeeeeeeeeseseeseneneeeeenees 20 Appendix C Basic Power Electronics Switching eecccceesseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeseeeeeeeeees 21 Appendix D Asset Registration eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ee eeeee eee n nennen nnn nnn nns 23 Appendix E Example of Operational Instruction Card esses 24 UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 3 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Figures Figure 1 Visualisation of PED installed on pavement ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaees 5 Figure 2 Control Enclosure Internal View se
2. HIH S2S VPN TPS Corporate SCADA trusted hieee Vodafone APN 02 APN x XL X UKPN Data Centre mE Er 20 s me BE eu AA 7 bid sre eu mien et UKPN Control Centre FH y UKPN Control Centre Bury m SH speeds n x e am ecm uu l n zl tof 4 S b NS 1 zie H BEN cM ci PowerOn SCADA FEP I lenwir VA iy 1 N Ne rA a ix PowerOn SCADA FEP SPN En LPN SPN RTU le 4m LPN RTU Brighton bi 1 Finsbury Market Church Street Mini RTU Broker RTU Mini RTU Scheme i Site LPN 1 Iu LIT 1 spne1 substn A Wl i _ meh s PN SubStn A 1 e E i _ i e EUR 4 1 1 1 D 02 Mobile f 1 2l ma i id 1 i a 1 LVM 3T SOP i LVM 3T SOP i I I I 1 i Lt i l i I 1 sees nmi f DTE E E C5 1 SubStn B SubStn C rm C SubStn C SubStn B i ul 1 1 m L 1 1 1 1 Ls 1 tt le ej r i 1 1 i 1 1 a a M a I m l LVM LVM 1 L a LVM LVM 1 1 IShemeSPN2 L S Scheme LPNH2 cheme A N AA cheme i AE A a a E LI LI Lt L Lg La SubStn A P dso gt SubnB SubStn A CY soe 7 SubtnB LVM 2T SOP LVM LVM 2T SOP LVM Sp A
3. Version Review Date Date Author UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 2 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Contents 1 Jue ge 5 2 um 5 3 Glossary and Abbreviations eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eene nennen nennen nnn nnne nnn 6 4 Definiti NS Aet ce 6 5 Basic DescrlpliOn o unie ee n Ioue toten inis uaitsi 7 6 Site Bro os E 9 7 INC COSS p 10 8 Method of COnmection ccccccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeasesenaeeeeeeeeesenseeeneeeeeeeeeeenees 10 9 Protecti n eL 12 10 EV Monitoring Systems intrare eara curar turo ean ctu toux I eara te cu eo conr raria ru 13 11 VASUANISSUON EI IE 14 12 Goollng Systelii o eee AL a tice a eee 14 13 Communlcatlohs 2 tiia itecto Mech ci eee bas a aaa ioca e ee cni ani 15 14 Operatlons fem 16 15 Network Faults rerit r et nnn aaraa Caiano udaan ninhada adani 17 16 Software UpPOrade ich m 18 17 PowerOn Netmap and Geofield eese 18 18 PowerOn PED symbol 1 2 a peitideiindeccue lest edes andnseselkcte dass des teetectedecinde 18 19 pere M 19 20 Polnis of Isolatlon icit iea decus leoi tec las Missis dre cic aa iaat 19 21 Asset Reglstra
4. 1 0 0 5 0 0 11 45 11 55 12 05 12 15 12 25 12 35 12 45 Time HH MM Figure 10 Phase A THDv 6 recorded at SOP terminals The phase A THDi recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 11 The THDi is the total harmonic distortion of current expressed as a percentage of the fundamental It can be observed that the high THDi96 occurs when the SOP is disabled using the HMI as opposed to when the SOP is enabled For example before 11 50 the SOP is disabled and it can be observed that there is a higher THDi96 response than when the SOP is enabled after 11 55 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 20 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 80 nverterA 70 nverterB he InverterC 60 50 40 THDi 30 20 10 11 45 11 55 12 05 12 15 12 25 12 35 12 45 Time HH MM Figure 11 Phase A THDi recorded at SOP terminals 4 1 3 Analysis To illustrate the different stages of the testing plan the active power recording shown in Figure 6 has been separated into two graphs shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13 Figure 12 shows steps 1 3 of the testing plan where inverter B was controlled via the HMI to export 200 kW for 10mins This is a sub set of the response shown in Figure 6 This graph shows the total three phase active power export of a
5. Phase B Phase C 150 14 44 15 588 14 44 15 654 14 44 15 721 14 44 15 788 14 44 15 854 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 92 11 kV phase A to Earth Fault current measured at inverter B terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 94 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 400 300 200 100 E gt v T Y E 100 200 Phase A 300 Phase B Phase C 400 14 44 09 859 14 44 09 927 14 44 09 995 14 44 10 063 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 93 11 kV phase A to Earth Fault voltage measured at inverter C terminals 200 150 100 50 Current A 50 Phase A 100 Phase B Phase C 150 14 44 09 859 14 44 09 927 14 44 09 995 14 44 10 063 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 94 11 kV phase A to Earth Fault current measured at inverter C terminals 4 10 3 Conclusions The frequency test has demonstrated that the SOP frequency protection will operate with a time delay when the frequency thresholds are breeched It should be noted that the frequency thresholds at which the SOP Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 95 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE will operate do not match the f
6. 9 D 5 3 09 58 01 22 8 30 E 09 58 46 3 8 E S oO 2 3 S5 i2 20 8 09 57 36 12 09 58 21 2 6 E l ER 10 09 57 11 0 09 58 01 1 6 0 f 09 57 31 0 7 09 57 00 09 57 30 09 58 00 09 58 30 09 59 00 09 59 30 09 57 11 0 Time HH MM Figure 54 Load profile for phase single phase reactive power test The list below describes the procedure followed during testing as specified in the testing plan 2 1 The SOP was enabled at 12 54 see introduction of section 3 for explanation 2 At 12 46 load step 1 12 kVAr and 0 7 kW on phase A from the load profile shown in Figure 54 was applied at the single phase load location shown in Figure 53 3 Atthis load step it was noted on inverter C phase A that the current started a ramped increase as shown in Figure 56 this caused a ramped increase in the voltage on phase A as shown in Figure 55 The associated active power injection is shown in Figure 57 and reactive power injection is shown in Figure 58 It can be observed that the active power response follows the current injection profile Figure 56 The reactive power response is an increase in the loaded phase A and reversal of reactive power on the unloaded phases B and C This is followed by a ramped change on all phases A to 1 kVAr B to 1 4 kVar and C to 2 kVar the cause of this response is unknown The desired behaviour of the SOP is stable reactive power injection in proportion to the applied inductive load 4 The SOP was obs
7. Li 4 4 Li Li n 4 Li Li L4 Li 1 1 Ll H Hl L H A 1 i Hl 1 1 Hl Hi H 1 Hi H 4 H Hi A Ll 4 H 1 3 4 Ll 1 H Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 108 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Ne UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 7 7 Configuration general Screen These are the values that the algorithm will limit the output for the SOP and should be set according to the cable or transformer rating limits The algorithm will output power between zero and the maximum power reactive power as set on this screen Status Configuration Field Name Description Status P Import max The maximum active power that the SOP The maximum power rating of the may import on the corresponding port cable or transformer maximum of 400 kW for substation 160 kW for substation D and 252 kW for substation A P Export max The maximum active power that the SOP Maximum of 400 kW for substation may export on the corresponding port 160 kW for substation D and 252 kW for substation A Q Import max The maximum reactive power that the SOP Maximum of 300 kVar for substation I may import on the corresponding port 120 kVA for substation D 189 kVA for substation A
8. 48 5 48 0 47 5 47 0 46 5 46 0 In order to test the band 1 over frequency protection the frequency was then increased further to 51 Hz After less than one minute approximately 37 s the SOP entered an inhibit state indicated by the current output decreasing to O A This is the correction operation of the over frequency protection when the SOP exceeds the band 1 frequency protection threshold however the protection has operated faster than the 1 minute specified in the protection settings The frequency was then decreased to 50 Hz and the SOP was observed to exit the inhibit state within one minute approximately 35 s This is the expected response from the SOP over frequency protection however the time delay is longer than expected as the SOP should leave the inhibit state after a 5 s delay when the frequency enters the allowed zone i e less than 50 5 Hz Please note the test plan specifies that for this step the network frequency should be decreased to 50 3 Hz instead of 50 Hz but because of the tolerance on the threshold observed earlier in this test the decision was made to decrease the frequency to 50 Hz to observe the SOP exiting the inhibit state The frequency was then increased to 51 9 Hz with an overshoot of 52 3 Hz and the SOP was Observed to enter the inhibit state within 1 s This is the expected response from the SOP over frequency protection when the band 2 over frequency threshold is exceeded To confirm that the SO
9. V1 lower reset V1 high The threshold reset for a low voltage condition of the positive sequence voltage at the terminals of the SOP Should be set to the value minus 1 to where the SOP needs to stop supporting a low voltage 230V VO set VO high The threshold set for a high voltage condition of the zero sequence 2V Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 110 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE voltage at the terminals of the SOP VO reset VO high The threshold reset for 2V a high voltage condition of the zero sequence voltage at the terminals of the SOP V2 set V2 high The threshold set for a 2V high voltage condition of the negative sequence voltage at the terminals of the SOP V2 reset V2 high The threshold reset for 2V a high voltage condition of the negative sequence voltage at the terminals of the SOP Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 111 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 7 9 Limit trip screen This screen sets the limits for the feeder and transformer support VWEEFEEEEEEEEEEEEFFEEFFEFFFEFEEFEEEFEREFEEEEEFFEFFEFFEEFFEFFEEF
10. Bg Figure 10 Communications architecture As can be seen the Supplier can only provide firmware updates via the UKPN data centre These updates will be copied to the SCM server where they can be distributed at agreed times The PED system can only be updated if its control system has been disabled by the Control Engineer UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 14 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 15 Operations At any time the control engineer can disable the PED if he believes it is not operating correctly The control engineer shall have remote control of the PED and visibility of its transfers PED has an autonomous algorithm that constantly monitors signals from the Control Engineer When the system is enabled the algorithm receives transformer demands from both substations and currents from the spine circuits and determines the necessary action for the function that has been enabled During office hours a Control Engineer can contact one of the FUN LV team members for advice Outside office hours the PED can be switched off remotely and contact made the following day Functions can be enabled and disabled as determined by the Control Engineer are System Enable Switch PED on or off Real Power Transfer Enable Real power transfer on or off PED Reactive Power Support Enable Reactive power support on or off Voltage Support Enable Vol
11. Buckingham Street T1 24 523547 St Margarets Place T2 523623 Cannon Place T1 UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 8 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Table 2 LPN radial sites Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 ID S SA S S B 2 1 90940 Electric Ave R O 37 90941 Electric Lane Ex Supermarket 2 2 67059 Sutherland Road Brodwick House 67052 Roman Road R O Dennis House 2 3 06287 Morden Road West 06507 Morden Rd 141 24 91045 Loughborough Park GPO Depot 91043 Loughborough Park Guinness Table 3 LPN interconnected sites ID S S A Affected Sites 2 1i 31529 Piccadilly Ritz Hotel 36300 Berkeley St 40 50 31550 Stratton St Stratton Hse 2 21 36611 Arlington St Arlington House No2 31463 Arlington St 20 Arlington Hse RES 31464 Arlington St 9 10 2 3i 36041 Duke Of York St 11 14 34673 Jermyn St Princes Hse 31516 Piccadilly 177 French Railways 31518 Piccadilly 203 Simpsons 36540 Piccadilly 200 34987 Jermyn St 85 87 2 4 36785 Portman Close 26 34 RES 34123 Portman Sq 14 Fitzhardinge Hse 34145 George St 67 69 34665 Baker St 18 20 7 Access On the external doors of each of these substations a label will be placed informing operational staff that this substation is part of the FUN LV trial Labels will also be placed in link boxes indicating that
12. Hd e o Parameters tuned and SOP responds to feeder current 3 Ni ee d 10 00 10 15 10 30 10 45 11 00 11 15 11 30 11 45 12 00 Time HH MM Current A S Figure 5 2 RMS current at the terminals of the SOP for the feeder load constraint as measured by an external power analyser Figure 5 3 shows the power at the terminals of the SOP It can be seen that when Inverter B requested power to support the feeder and transformer on port A power transfer occurred from Inverter A to Inverter B A load constraint was placed on the feeder and the algorithm responded by exporting power from Inverter B to reduce the load as seen by the remote sensors at the secondary side of the transformer and as seen at the feeder connection to the W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 19 of 36 SDRC 9 4 Power Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK a Networks Delivering your electricity transformer Between 11 45 and 12 00 the SOP transferred 20 kW of power from Inverter A to Inverter B to solve the load constraint 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Active Power kW 100 120 140 10 00 SOP exhibits hunting due SOP demonstrat
13. Klemme am m an anl GM substation 500kV g 4 81 8 PAG Ny aab 1 E Si lt 1 T Test bay E No 2 j 400V 11kV o8 x S hia PIOR SOP r T Ed i Inverter B ANM MER i cni masas GM substation D 200kV lt 4 8896 MI 4 MI 5 MI 10 0 117 j0 014 ohms 0 16 j0 0390hms 0 032 j0 0390hms 0 032 j0 0390hms Test bay E No 1 The SOP configuration for the end to end test is shown in Figure 65 It can be observed that the current clamps associated with the LV monitoring units are installed on the cable from the test bay to the transformer and from the test bay to the load bank for both Substation D and Substation A Substation is directly connected to the SOP i e there is not a test bay node as there is for substation D and substation A For this reason there is only one set of current clamps rather than the two installed at each of the other substations All the voltage measurements are taken at the terminals of the SOP An explanation of the operation of the DNP3 monitoring and control system is included in section 3 Figure 64 PNDC electrical network configuration for End to End test Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 71 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE GM substation D 200kVA Loadbank 6 LV Monitoring Unit Feeder LV Monitoring Unit Transformer GM substat
14. 150 Current above set Current in between cx threshold Tu set and reset 100 c threshold p D 50 Current below 5 Current below set O reset threshold 0 threshold i 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 SOP holds output Reference P SOP reduces No operation of SOP increases output SOP until voltage output Si above set threshold 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Samoles Figure 5 1 Graph showing a simplified operation of the controller for transformer and feeder load support The load bank connected to the feeder that Inverter B was connected to was increased in steps of 10 kW increments from 0 kW to 80 kW Two sets of remote sensors were placed at the transformer end of the feeder to represent the measurements from the secondary side of the transformer and the feeder connection to the transformer Thresholds in the algorithm were programmed to respond and support the feeder when the load was greater than 72 kW 100 A per phase at 240 V per phase and to stop supporting the feeder when the load was less than 57 6 kW 10 A per phase at 240 V per phase The data connection to the remote sensors was via the UK Power Network communication network to demonstrate the operation of the SOP in the field Operational Data Figure 5 2 shows the current at the output of the SOP for the duration of the experiment as measured by an external power analyser When the SOP was operating power was being transferred from Inverter A to Inverter B as shown b
15. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Figure 1 LV monitoring unit RTU and control system configuration test configuration at the PNDC Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 7 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 DEMONSTRATION CENTRE iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device The objective of the SOP is to enable meshed interconnected network operation and control of power flow across the open point By enabling power flow across the open point the SOP can provide e Voltage support and improved voltage profiles e Deferred or avoided investment in reinforcement and installation of additional LV network infrastructure e Reactive power support independent of real power transfer e Phase unbalance improvement by injection of negative and zero sequence currents by the SOP A typical operation for the SOP is to reduce loading on a transformer to avoid the need for additional network reinforcement or demand disconnection This can be illustrated with the network configuration shown in Figure 1 If Substation D is loaded beyond its 200 kVA rating the LV monitoring Unit on Substation D measure and transmits that data to the RTU where the data is aggregated and the RTU transfers that data to the Programmable Logic Controller PLC within the SOP The algorithm running on the PLC detects that the pre programmed threshold associated with tra
16. 50 kVAr in steps of 10 kVar The final setting of inverter C was 126 kW and 50 kVAr At 14 32 using the SOP HMI the reactive setting of inverter C was set to export 126 kW and 0 kVAr At 14 33 using the SOP HMI the reactive setting of inverter C was set to export 126 kW and 50 kVAr At 14 34 using the SOP HMI the reactive setting of inverter C was set to export 126 kW and 0 kVAr and then the SOP was manually disabled At 14 37 the SOP was manually re enabled From 14 39 using the SOP HMI the reactive setting of inverter C was increased up to import 50 kVAr in steps of 10 kVar The final setting of inverter C was 126 kW and 50 kVAr Results and Analysis The power quality data from the test is graphed below Figure 38 shows the total three phase active power output measured at the inverter terminals of the SOP During the test the SOP was controlled via the HMI to inject a constant three phase active power output of 80 kW from inverter B and 126 kW from inverter C From Figure 38 it can be observed that the active power output does not remain constant as the reactive power output is changed It can also be observed that the active power transfer on inverter C and inverter A began oscillating with increasing magnitude when the HMI setting is increased from step 30 kVAr up to 50 kVAr 14 40 to 14 50 Active Power kW 150 125 100 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 nverterA 125 150 175 200 InverterB
17. Connections O O E Meter Operators Network Operations UK Power Networks Services FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Revision Record Version 1 0 Review Date 28 04 2016 Date 13 04 2015 Author Peter Lang New document to cover the approval of the Dual Terminal Power Electronics Device to be connected to LV Networks Version Review Date Date Author UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 2 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Contents 1 unire m 5 2 um 5 3 Glossary and Abbreviations eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeene nennen nennen nnn nnne nnn 6 4 Inn eem 7 5 Basic DesctlpliOn o unie ore Ion toten tel ects 7 6 Site Bro os 9 tee ee a RE Ne ee en PE en ee oer Peer ese 8 7 PROC CSS Map E 9 8 Method of COnmection ccccccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseneeeeeeeeeeeesenseeeneeeeeeeeesenees 10 9 Dueb EE 11 10 Maintenance aate EERR RE REGENS FEAR ANORA Ea AEEA Na aaa ENSAR a 11 11 LV Monitoring SystemS snnnsssennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn nnmnnn 12 12 Protectio M ki URS 13 13 VISUGNSATION e H Y 13 14 Communications see et 14 15 Operat OS m
18. Current import threshold set at feeder 350 ipd ird iai nad an port A B or C When current import is less than the Current import threshold reset at 250 threshold SOP should reduce feeder z support function for import current on port A B or C When current export is greater than Current export threshold set at feeder 2 350 E RD pies sid Bn port A B or C When current export is less than the Current export threshold reset at 250 threshold SOP should reduce feeder support function for export current on port A B or C 21120 Current import threshold set at When current import is greater than W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 34 of 36 Power Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK n SDRC 9 4 Networks Delivering your electricity transformer the threshold SOP should initiate support function for import current on port A B or C Current import threshold reset at transformer s 900 When current import is less than the threshold SOP should reduce support function for import current on port A B or C Current export threshold set at transformer 2 1120 When current export is greater tha
19. Each of these functions can be independently controlled Initially only one function will be enabled at any one time For example if real power transfer is enabled then the measured demands are compared to the transformer rating and a calculated amount of capacity sharing takes place If all three transformers are within their ratings then the PED remains in an active standby mode and continues to monitor and compare transformer demand As experience is increased the algorithm controlling the PED will be enhanced to autonomously select the functions to maximise the benefits UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 16 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 If the LV network needs to be reconfigured and one of the monitored substations will be no longer electrically connected to the PED then before any linking operations are carried out the PED shall be disabled using the System Enable control Once the reconfigured network arrangement is complete the Port Enable control should switch off the Port that will be no longer involved in capacity sharing Once the PED is switched on again using the System Enable control the PED will operate as a two terminal PED with all functions available Before the LV network is returned to normal the PED should be switched off the Port enabled and the PED switched on again and return to normal multi terminal operation 15
20. SOP inverter B phase A RMS current This current injection oscillation appears to be a result of a number of control settings however the principle of it can be explained with an example as illustrated in Figure 69 In this example the load at load bank 6 is increased to 55 A The SOP is not injecting current therefore the load is supplied entirely from Substation D and therefore Isus current from substation and loaa current to load are equal to 55 A The RTU updates every one minute so after a time delay of maximum 1 min it registers the change in load and sends the data to the PLC within the SOP The SOP algorithm running on the PLC registers that the Iset threshold set to 50 A has been exceeded and begins injecting current Therefore Isop begins increasing Isus begins decreasing and lioaa remains constant However the RTU only updates every minute so regardless of the new Isus current the SOP will continue injecting larger amounts of current in an attempt to reduce Isus below the algorithms Iset threshold of 50 A After one minute the RTU updates and sends the new Isus data to the PLC The SOP algorithm registers that Isus is below the leset threshold set to 50 A and begins decreasing the current injection from the SOP Therefore Isop begins decreasing Isus begins increasing and lioaa remains constant At the next RTU update two minutes into the scenario the SOP algorithm running on the PLC registers that the Iset threshold s
21. The centre is equipped with multiple substations cables and load banks The three port SOP was connected between different substations and different network constraints were simulated Four three port and four two port SOPs were connected to the interconnected network in Brighton These devices are running an algorithm designed to share capacity and solve network constraints The three port SOPs were connected in substations and the two port SOP were installed on the pavements An algorithm was developed to autonomously transfer power to provide support to the network and solve the following constraints e Equalise the transformer loading or e Increase or reduce the voltage at the terminals of the SOP or e Support an overloaded feeder cable or e Support an overloaded transformer This report demonstrates autonomous power transfer between interconnected substations when one of the three substations experienced unbalanced transformers Two cases are presented demonstrating the SOP registering that a constraint has occurred and transferring power until that constraint has been solved W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 6 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Tra
22. Tx Import 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Export 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Load High 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Load Low 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Figure 7 3 Status of the thresholds in the algorithm for event 1 W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 26 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer er SDRC 9 4 Networks Delivering your electricity SOP Real Power Transfer 12 Aug 2015 13 10 00 12 Aug 2015 14 00 00 100 50 0 z n 50 100 Port A Port B Port C 150 13 10 13 15 13 20 13 25 13 30 13 35 13 40 13 45 13 50 13 55 14 00 Hour HH MM Figure 7 4 Comparison of the real power transfer for phase L1 of each of the three ports showing autonomous power transfer for event 1 W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 27 of 36 Demonstration of Autono
23. amp PE BUS BAR T Ground Faut Relay AUX CONTROL SUPPLIES EXTERNAL COOLING I l l l INTERNAL CONTROL SUPPLIES l l SYSTEM SUPPLY l l INVERTER CONTROL CARD 3 INVERTER CONTROL CARD 2 INVERTER CONTROL CARD 1 MONITORING amp DIAGNOSTIC MODULE INTERNAL COMMS BUS HMI INTERNAL COMMS BUS DNP3 COMMS MODULE INTERNAL COMMS BUS PLC MODULE INTERNAL IO gt INTERNAL COMMS BUS VOLTAGE FEEDBACK n 700V DC LINK INTERNAL COMMS BUS VOLTAGE FEEDBACK INTERNAL COMMS BUS VOLTAGE VOLTAGE 7 FEEDBACK FEEDBACK F UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 21 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix B Substation and link box Labels Label for substations B and C This substation contains LV monitoring equipment which is part of the FUN LV project Contact Control before entry Label for substation A his substation contains a Power Electronics Device which is part of the FUN LV project Contact Control before entry UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 22 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Date 13 04 2015 Label for link boxes This link box is connected to network which is part of the FUN LV project
24. network voltage until the SOP power limit within the algorithm is reached Once the SOP power limit is reached the SOP is no longer able to maintain the voltage within the specified threshold settings W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 16 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 arces Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK gt 5 Feeder Load Constraint Designed Operation The current of the secondary side of the transformer and connection of the feeder to the transformer was measured using external sensors i e sensors that are external to the SOP and not part of the SOP hardware The external sensors were connected to the SOP via RTUs and communications using DNP3 via GPRS over the UK Power Network infrastructure The RMS current of each of the three phases is read as an input to the algorithm The algorithm calculates the positive sequence set of the current and uses this calculated measurement to determine if support is required When the current at the transformer or feeder is in phase with the voltage power is being imported and is above the import current threshold set the SOP will act as a source and inject power to reduce load o
25. phase A Phase B Phase C 400 500 600 14 19 04 486 14 19 04 502 14 19 04 518 14 19 04 534 14 19 04 550 14 19 04 566 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 86 Three phase fault current measured at inverter B terminals 250 Inverter A phase A 248 nverter C phase A 246 244 242 240 Voltage V 238 236 234 232 230 14 06 14 07 14 08 14 09 14 10 14 11 14 12 14 13 14 14 Time HH MM Figure 87 Three phase fault phase A RMS voltage measured at inverter A and inverter C terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 91 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 100 90 Inverter A phase A 80 Inverter C phase A 70 60 50 Current A 40 30 20 10 0 y L ML 14 06 14 07 14 08 14 09 14 10 14 11 14 12 14 13 14 14 Time HH MM Figure 88 Three phase fault phase A RMS voltage measured at inverter A and inverter C terminals 4 10 2 5 11 kV single phase to earth fault test The final part of this test was to apply a single phase to earth fault on the 11 kV network and observe the fault response of the SOP The voltage and current waveforms recorded at each of the SOP inverters is shown from Figure 89 to Figure 94 Please note the time difference between the different inverter plots is due to synchronisation er
26. this was recorded at location 2 at 2 h and 4 5 5 h into the test The maximum audio noise was recorded as 75 6 dB C at maximum power output at location 1 The maximum EMF was recorded as 20 1 V m at 50 96 loading inverter B export 170 kW and inverter C O kW at location 4 The max temperature complies with UKPN s requirement that the SOP does not exceed 20 C of ambient the maximum audio noise A and C weightings comply with the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 6 and the EMF measurements were found to comply with the electric field limits specified in the 1998 ICNIRP exposure guidelines 8 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 34 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 3 Load cycle test 2 This test is a repeat of the previous load cycle test and the objective of this test is the same The motivation for repeating the test is to evaluate the consistency of the SOP response when the SOP is controlled to inject the same current profile After the software update by TPS voltage output limit on the resonant controllers increased a secondary objective of this test is to evaluate the change in response as a result of the update Load cycle test 1 was completed on the 13 February 2015 and Load cycle test 2 was completed on the 16 of February 2015 4 3 1 Log of test procedu
27. 13 43 37 954 13 43 37 975 13 43 37 996 13 43 38 018 13 43 38 039 13 43 38 060 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 82 Phase A to Phase 3 fault current measured at inverter B terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 88 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS DEMONSTRATION CENTRE en v Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 250 248 246 244 242 240 Voltage V 238 236 234 232 230 13 39 13 40 13 41 Figure 83 Phase A to Phase 3 fault 100 90 80 70 60 50 Current A 40 30 20 10 0 13 39 13 40 13 41 Figure 84 Phase A to Phase 3 fault Inverter A phase A Inverter C phase A 13 42 13 43 13 44 Time HH MM 13 45 13 46 13 47 13 48 phase A RMS voltage measured at inverter A and inverter C terminals nverterA phase A nverter C phase A 13 46 13 42 13 43 13 44 Time HH MM 13 45 13 47 13 48 phase A current and voltage measured at inverter A and inverter C terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 89 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 10 2 4 Three phase fault Prior to applying the fault using the SOP HMI inverter B and inverter C were set to a Inverter B export 3
28. 4 Substation A T Power per phase 200 150 lt a 100 50 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM a0 Reactive Power per phase 60 lt z 40 O 20 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM T Voltage per phase S 250 Uo E 245 240 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM 1200 Current per phase 1000 S 800 D 600 E 400 200 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM Substation B B n Power per phase 200 150 100 50 Hd uf 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 Hour HH MM 16 05 Reactive Power per phase 80 60 40 20 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM Voltage per phase 250 245 ai d 240 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM i200 Current per phase 1000 800 600 400 200 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM Substation C Son Power per phase 200 150 100 50 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 Hour HH MM 16 05 Reactive Power per phase 80 60 40 20 0 14 35 15 05 15 335 16 05 Hour HH MM 288 Voltage per phase 250 245 240 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM 06 Current per phase 1000 800 600 400 200 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM Figure 7 6 Measurements from the transformer during event 2 W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office 4 docx A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728
29. Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 3 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE A71 bogoftestprocedute ud terae tote ned eeu aot dot E EERE E eee 60 47 2 Results and Analysis e te e t ese are ee 61 C H Sec 63 4 8 Mecum 64 4 8 1 Logoftest procedure ccssccecccscsssessnsecesececeesesnnseceeeceseesesaeaeceeecusessesauaeeesecsseesessnaeeeeess 64 4 8 2 Results and AnallySis ccccccccccccecsssesssececececsssesneaeeececesesseseaeseseesseeseeaaeeeesessessesseaeeeeess 66 4 8 3 Conclusions eoi e PREX e PXNTXXEPE SER LE ARR VR PEE ER RE ERR XN EEV Qr aae EE AEREE S EaR ESE 69 4 9 mpeRrIplee ER 70 49 1 Method eee tpe eir partent eme deti beares Erat uera EBORE rete eie e eges 70 4 9 2 Results and Analysis redet seina dereiat kenere t hears dese tod eed iaeia nR etat ene 73 4 9 3 Conclusions iere eden ertet rex eerie peer aen e eode Re eB Rer ape a tua den tr eR ANT rR Creates 78 4 10 Fa ultand frequency test eerte ea a a aa aae dede ae ae pe EROR EU Da Ende 80 4 10 1 Method iere tette regente etude tiere ter cava EE EEE 80 40 2 Results and Analysis ce cte rhe ace he acte ehe onda ehe n aote es 82 rresraHc D 95 5 Report conclusions and summary esee ee eese e eee eene eene n hens nn stessa stet
30. Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Table 2 SOP HMI Inverter State digit 42 PLC State 0 Power Up LAN 1 Waiting for LAN 2 Waiting for LAN Messages from PLC 3 Waiting for Mode Assignment 10 DC Link Controller waiting for start command 11 DC Link Controller Pre charge dc link 12 DC Link Controller Connected 13 DC Link Controller Inhibited 14 DC Link Controller Locked Out 15 DC Link Controller Emergency Stop 20 Power Controller waiting for operating conditions 21 Power Controller Synchronise with grid 22 Power Controller Connected 23 Power Controller Inhibited 24 Power Controller Locked Out 25 Power Controller Emergency Stop 3 2 SOP Settings The SOP settings were modified using the HMI from the default settings on delivery during testing under the guidance of TPS and also directly by TPS after development work The settings were altered in different test scenarios to correct unexpected behaviour or to configure a threshold to be exceeded for the purposes of the test e g in the End to end test the value of Feeder import trip was reduced so that it would be exceeded when a load was applied to the network This variable is a current threshold if the current import from the transformer exceeds this threshold the SOP will begin injecting current to reduce the current contribution from the transformer A full description of each of the displa
31. Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 The expectation is that if a PED needs to be maintained or replaced then Turbo Power Systems the Supplier will carry out the actual work UK Power Networks operational staff will isolate and make the equipment safe before it is maintained This document does not cover the installation or commissioning of the PED This document is intended for internal use only 3 Glossary and Abbreviations Term Definition CB Circuit Breaker DMS Distribution Management System Ellipse UK Power Networks asset register soon to be integrated into SAP as per Business Transformation FUN LV Flexible Urban Networks LV HMI Human Machine Interface IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor LCNF Low Carbon Networks Fund LPN London Power Networks NetMap UK Power Networks graphical information system GIS PED Power Electronics Device PLC Programmable Logic Controller PowerOn fusion UK Power Networks network management system RTU Remote Telemetry Unit S SA This substation is the one where the PED is normally installed S S B and S S C These substations are the donor substations connected via the Spine circuits SCM Server Software Configuration Management Server SOP Soft Open Point SPN South Eastern Power Networks UK Power Networks UK Power Networks Operations Ltd consists of three electric
32. Inverter C Ptotal 30 Time HH MM Figure 71 SOP inverters total three phase active power output 20 15 10 Reactive Power kVar U1 12 05 12 10 12 15 12 20 12 25 12 30 12 35 5 Inverter A Qtotal Inverter B Qtotal Inverter C Qtotal 10 Time HH MM Figure 72 SOP inverters total three phase reactive power output 4 9 3 Conclusions The test results demonstrate that the DNP3 communication system operates in conjunction with the SOP algorithm This test results also demonstrate that the current support part of the algorithm operates to reduce Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 78 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE the load on the associated transformer This was the expected outcome from this test however there are a number of areas where unexpected or out of specification behaviour was observed 1 Thistest has shown that the current output from the SOP oscillates when the algorithm trip threshold is exceeded Imperial College London have been responsible for the algorithm development and has advised that the next version of the algorithm v1 3 was used for this test and v1 5 is the next iteration will incorporate a predictive element that will resolve this issue 2 This test has also indicated that there may be a conflicting contro
33. Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 3 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer SDRC 9 4 Contents Project Accreditations serias tanniini nananana ce dei t Eget EC sated ea aa 3 Dele rario H9 5 d Jlhtroduction ec ett ertet eerta brut een ett eder Lu 6 EB S Dile ilo o c S AEA 7 SOP power CONVENTION 2 pter tenu eec t te Reda aaaea ecu au 7 Bm 8 Threshold 2 tet eit tc ptt anced est s etre Yd eo Eod ve Ye ER s 8 Go nstraint TUNCHON er uiian aaaeaii aa aiaia 8 Support TUNC OM corteo ete aaa a cue etu Eo aaa 8 Algorithm function dcc tete etuer re dee terna a E Cede e e 8 olm 9 o M 9 MIM POM c 9 3 Network Configuration seesssssseseseseenenneeneen nnne 10 4 Voltage Constraint sssssssssssssssseen entente 11 Designed Operation sssssssssssssessseeeeeneennn nnns 11 Operational Data inersia seen entente ennt nenas 12 Demonstration of power transfer esee 16 5 Feeder Load Constraint sss 17 Designed Operation ssssssssssssssseeeeneee eene 17 Operational D ta 1 ite eerie eene dead 18 6 Network Configuration at Church Street sss 21 7 Transformer Equalisation eeeeeeneeeennen 22 Designed
34. No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 106 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 7 5 Algorithm status screen This screen displays internal variables from the algorithm If any of the support functions are above their thresholds the relevant green box will turn red The calculations form the sequence sets are displayed in the text boxes at the bottom of the screen 22272 i H H H H H H 3 3 H B H H H 3 1 H H 1 3 B E 1 H 3 H d H H 4 H H 4 H 3 H 3 d B E H H H 3 1 H H H H d B H H H 1 H H H H H 24 Status Configuration n AN n Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 107 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Ne UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 7 6 Configuration screen Menu to select the screen for entering the set and reset limits for the different support functions of the SOP ITA Status Configuration Test General VQ V1 V2 limits Current droop settings Current limits Ramp rates amp limits 1 1 H i i 1 4 4 Li Li Li H z 4 Li Li
35. Operation ssssssssssssseseeeeneenee enne 22 Field trial data Event 1 cecina as 22 Field trial data Event 2 sssseeeemenee 28 MEE GNIS MR 33 Appendix A Settings used for the SOP at Church Street 34 A 2D Delivering your electricity W 09 FUN LV X03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 4 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer SDRC 9 4 UK Power Networks Delivering your electricity Abbreviations AC Alternating current BAU Business As Usual DC Direct current DNO Distribution Network Operator DSP Digital signal processor FUN LV Flexible Urban Networks Low Voltage HV High Voltage LCNF Low Carbon Networks Fund LPN London Power Networks LV Low Voltage HMI Human machine interface NOP Normal Open Point for LV systems either a Link box or LV distribution board PED Power Electronics Device interchangeable with SOP PNDC Power Networks Demonstration Centre RTU Remote Telemetry Unit P Real power PLC Programmable Logic Controller Q Reactive power SDRC Successful Deliv
36. Pdemana Was 40 kW and inverter B Paemand Was 40 kW and that the SOP immediately began injecting current from inverter B At 10 03 the SOP was disabled and the voltage support part of the algorithm was disabled to determine if this was causing the current injection V1 voltage high and V1 voltage low to OFF for all inverters It was observed that on the HMI screen Test Screen see Appendix A both inverter A and inverter P demands decreased to 0 kW At 10 05 the SOP was re enabled and it was observed that the SOP was no longer injecting current beyond the 23 A per phase associated with the enabled state This suggests that the voltage support algorithm may have been conflicting with the current support part of the algorithm it can be observed from Figure 67 that the trip voltage of 250 V is not exceed on any inverter on any phase during this time period Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 73 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 70 SOP disabled Changed current thresholds within SOP algorithm No influence on SOP current injection observed 60 Current breech 50 lt 40 sop t Load o OkW Algorithm voltage 30 support disabled 20 SOP Enabled load Inverter A Phase A current still applied and 10 Inverter B phase A curren
37. RMS voltage recorded at SOP terminals The phase A RMS current recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 18 As in the voltage response the current is observed to change as the test progresses It is probable that this was also caused by external network events changing the voltage of the network and hence the voltage at the terminals of the SOP The SOP is controlled to inject constant active power as the voltage of the network increases the SOP control reduces current injection to maintain constant power injection In the third load step the current on all inverters is observed to decrease as the test progresses 13 45 onward The unexpected SOP trip events are observed as periods of zero current injection in this graph Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 28 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 500 nverterA 450 nverterB nverterC 400 i 350 Current A N Ww uo e eo e N Q O e e ui o N 100 l 50 l o Ll 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 Time HH MM Figure 18 Phase A RMS current recorded at SOP terminals The active and reactive power recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 19 and Figure 20 Both graphs follow the trend observed in the voltage and current graphs 200 nverterA 15
38. Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer SDRC 9 4 Logic Logic Logic Logic Logic Logic Logic Logic 14 35 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 Port A SOP Upper Voltage 15 0 SOP Lower Voltage 15 05 15 35 16 05 Feeder Import 15 05 15 35 16 05 Feeder Export 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Import 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Export 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Load High 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Load Low 15 05 15 35 16 05 12 Aug 2015 14 35 00 12 Aug 2015 16 25 00 0 14 35 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 Port B SOP Upper Voltage 15 05 15 35 16 05 SOP Lower Voltage 15 05 15 35 16 05 Feeder Import 15 05 15 35 16 05 Feeder Export 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Import 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Export 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Load High 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Load Low 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM 0 14 35 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 1 0 14 35 UK Power Networks Delivering your electricity Port C SOP Upper Voltage 15 05 15 35 16 05 SOP Lower Voltage 15 05 15 35 16 05 Feeder Import 15 05 15 35 16 05 Feeder Export 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Import 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Export 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Load H
39. Regulations 2005 Statutory Instruments 2005 Amprobe Amprobe SM 10 SM 20 Sound Level Meters Users Manual ICNIRP Guidelines For Limiting Exposure To Time Varying Electric Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields Up To 300 Ghz International Commission On Non lonizing Radiation Protection Health Physics 74 4 494 522 1998 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 101 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 7 APPENDIX A HMI SETTINGS OVERVIEW 7 1 Test screen TPS seen ee ea eg Li112000 em uem ce Inverter A InverterB Inverter C g Machine state ooo 00000 E z om 3 A semana soos 00000 00905 SM 0 demand o0000 10000 00000 GAT 24 monte 62 demand 00000 jen sot eun tsoate saat Heartbeat i i Leakage test Alg Enables Mg inputs Alg Outputs A gt n The state cell indicators are defined using the numerical referenced listed in the table below First digit PLC status Second digit Inverter status Digit Meaning Digit Meaning 0 Waiting for start 0 Power Up LAN 1 Assign DC Link Controller 1 Waiting for LAN 2 Pre charge 2 Waiting for LAN Messages from PLC 3 Connect DC Link Controller 3 Waiting for Mode Assignment 4 Start Power Controllers 10 DC Li
40. SOP from the HMI interface see figure 1 using the test page You will be able to see the heartbeat indicators for each inverter cabinet increment when an LAN connection has been made from the PLC to the 3 ICCs An enable button is provided to turn on the SOP and connect it to the 3 incoming 3 phase grids in the correct sequence Placing the enable button in the on position will start the start up sequence Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 120 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 10 Disabling the SOP is achieved by placing the enable button in the off position The PLC will turn off the SOP in the correct sequence 11 Numerical input blocks are provided for the control of power and reactive power for each of the 3 inverter cabinets N B For the prototype the A inverter cabinet will provide control to maintain the DC link at 750 Vdc as such it will ignore any real power demands placed on it Status Configuration Algorithm Enables Algorithm Inputs Algorithm Outputs Figure 95 HMI Test Page Turning off the SOP PNDC responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Disable the SOP by placing the enable button in its off position The PLC will turn off the 3 inverter cabinets in sequence N B There will be motor noise generated by the MCCB as the closing is r
41. SOP harmonic current compensation improvement and current limiting during faults During testing the SOP s electrical response was monitored using calibrated power quality analysers at the SOP output terminals The SOP s surface temperature audio noise and Electromagnetic Field EMF output were recorded at different levels of power output The test programme involved evaluating the SOP s capability to 1 Transfer three phase active power at different levels over extended time periods up to 5 hours Transfer three phase reactive power at different levels Transfer single phase active and reactive power Support network voltage Respond safely to network frequency variations and network faults 400 V and 11 kV Operate as an End to End solution This relates to the SOP s capability to monitor the network and for the SOP s algorithm based control system to operate correctly based on the network information ou ds wm This exercise has shown that the SOP behaves as expected in several cases However there are a number of areas where unexpected or out of specification behaviour was observed The unexpected responses primarily relate to the SOP tripping unexpectedly power output oscillating failing to supply a reactive load failing to operate at expected voltage frequency thresholds and failing to inject a stable output current when operating with the algorithm enabled More information on these issues are listed in the report conclusions a
42. SOP the SOP reduces its output current on all inverters to when the band 1 over frequency threshold was approximately 0 A and for all of the faults tested both at 400 V and 11 kV exceed the SOP should enter an inhibit state the SOP did not output more than a 600 A per phase instantaneous after 1 min delay but the SOP was recorded to operate after 37 s Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 100 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ir UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 6 REFERENCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Interconnect Solutions Cannon VEAM and BIW VEAM PowerLock and Snaplock High Current Power Connectors K Jennett and F Coffele Plan for Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device at PNDC PNDC UKPN 001 TP 01H p 11 2015 Health and Safety Executive Noise advice for employers Online Available http www hse gov uk noise advice htm Sound Source A and C Weighed Noise Meaurements Online Available http www hearforever org tools to learn sound source a and c weighted noise measurements Accessed 01 Jun 2015 NoiseNews What are A C amp Z frequency weightings Online Available http www cirrusresearch co uk blog 2011 08 what are a c z frequency weightings Accessed 01 Jun 2015 Health and Safety The Control of Noise at Work
43. SOP was 218 V This was 2 V less than expected The algorithm processes the voltage as a 16 bit integer and all voltage measured are rounded to the nearest integer The rounding process causes a rounding error as 218 3 V will be interpreted as 218 V and 218 6 V will be interpreted as 219 V The algorithm measures the three phase voltage and calculates the positive sequence voltage The rounding of the voltages will mostly cause a rounding error for the result of the positive sequence voltage calculation Another factor to consider is the threshold code The threshold code uses a less than operator and not a less than or equal to operator for the lower voltage threshold The user through the HMI programed the algorithm to support when the voltage was below 220 V This use of the less than and not the less than or equal to operator will mean that the calculated positive sequence voltage will need to be less than 220 V The next integer voltage less than 220 V is 219 V It is expected that the algorithm should start operating when the voltage is less than or equal to 219 V For these two reasons a two volt difference was observed between the threshold setting and the measured voltage to when the SOP started to operate Between 16 03 and 16 23 the voltage is below the lower voltage threshold and between 16 48 and 16 51 the voltage above the upper voltage threshold During these times the SOP algorithm operates autonomously to support the
44. Switch PED on or off Port A Enable Switch port A on or off Port B Enable Switch port B on or off Port C Enable Switch port C on or off During office hours a Control Engineer can contact one of the FUN LV team members for advice Outside office hours the PED can be switched off remotely and contact made the following day PED has an autonomous algorithm that constantly monitors enable disable controls from the PowerOn ADMS control system When the system is enabled the algorithm receives transformer demands from the three substations and currents from the spine circuits at around one minute intervals and determines the necessary action for the function that has been enabled During the demonstration phase of the project Network Control has indicated that they only wish to enable disable the PED The FUN LV project team shall have remote access of the local HMI on the PED to allow them to select the functions listed below Per Port functions can be enabled and disabled using controls as required These are Real Power Transfer Enable Real power transfer on or off PED Reactive Power Support Enable Reactive power support on or off Voltage Support Enable Voltage support on or off Power Factor Correction Enable Power factor correction on or off Phase Imbalance Improvement Enable Phase imbalance improvement on or off Harmonic Improvement Enable Harmonic improvement on or off Transformer Equalisation Enable Transformer equalisation on or off
45. an attempt to reduce the SOP oscillation the network voltage was reduced from 250 V to 235 V at 12 56 by changing the tap position on the PNDC 11 kV 11 kV isolation transformer Prior to 12 56 the power output from the SOP has a large oscillation and post 12 56 the oscillation is reduced and the SOP output power is observed to increase From this graph it can be concluded that at higher voltages the SOP power output will oscillate TPS advised that this oscillation issue is related to the SOP DC link threshold and can be resolved by increasing the allowed threshold of the DC link in the SOP control software 50 270 260 250 240 230 Voltage V P Inverter A 220 P Inverter B P Inverter C 210 Voltage inverter A 200 12 41 12 46 12 51 12 56 13 01 13 06 Time HH MM Figure 37 Pre reactive power test Total three phase active power output from SOP After the voltage was reduced the test was started The SOP response can be seen in Figure 38 Figure 39 and Figure 40 4 The SOP HMI was set to Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 42 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 10 4 4 2 a Inverter B export 80 kW b Inverter C export 126 kW From 14 19 using the SOP HMI the reactive setting of inverter C was increased up to export
46. and EMF change at further distances from the surface of the SOP A second objective of this test is to evaluate whether noise and EMF levels specified by TPS would be exceeded for the distances specified in this test The desired behaviour from the SOP in this test is for the EMF and audio measurements to remain within the limits specified in relevant standards and requirements The testing plan is specified in 2 and the log from the test is listed in the following section 4 5 1 Log of test procedure The measurement points for the additional EMF and audio measurement test are shown in Figure 41 It should be noted that due to the size of the test cell the original testing plan specified measurements with a maximum distance of 10 cm from the surface of the SOP It was agreed to repeat the measurements at further distances from the SOP with the understanding that obstacles and other equipment in the immediate vicinity of the test cell may influence the validity of the measurements 222cm PALETTE Figure 41 Audio noise and EMF measurement locations additional test The list below describes the procedure followed during testing as specified in the testing plan 2 1 The SOP was enabled see introduction of section 3 for explanation 2 The SOP HMI was set to note the reactive component was not controlled during this test a Inverter B export 148 kW b Inverter C export 148 kW 3 The EMF was measured at the l
47. are less than those recorded previously This observation is also true for the reduced power output test shown in Figure 43 The exception to this rule is location 3 where the C weighting is higher than the previous recordings This may be due to the close proximity to the coolant system at this measurement location with associated pump and fan noise The audio noise measurements recorded at the HMI setting of inverter B and inverter C set to export 74 kW are shown in Figure 43 It can be observed that the ratio of noise between locations is similar to the response observed in Figure 42 however the noise level is less for nearly all locations This agrees with the previous conclusion that the noise level increases as the SOP is controlled to output more power sections 4 2 and 4 3 The noise specification provided by TPS states that the noise level should remain less than 56 dBA A weighting when measured five meters from the SOP It can be observed that the noise measurements A weighting recorded in this test exceed this limit at all locations and for both power output levels 76 B A weighting 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 6 6 6 6 6 62 A 8 9 10 13 14 Location of measurement C weighting Audio noise with assocaited rating dB w A aoco NI Figure 42 Noise measurement at HMI setting Inverter B and Inverter C export 148 kW Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 47 of 122 Copyright The University of Strat
48. fails the PED can continue to operate at a lower capacity transfer preventing the components from overheating If however the upper temperature threshold is reached the PED will shut itself down and await the fault resolution ITEM DESCRIPTION FINGER GUARD FAN l FAN MOTOR HOUSING MOUNTING FOOT TERMINAL 80x ISOLATOR ala kefe jm kala fea to I 930 Ej m i o mz mo Ies EJ 2 m s lo ul E BE Slo A A GAUGI NEL LIQUID LEVEL SIGHTGLASS E Re Se Stet UNIT ON ent LLL OP STAR T 97 OO 30 e j RE L j L 49 G t Ta oH o oO 8 oa ee 43 q O T T ga AIR AIR etl 3 m D I ig A Caw Fu Flow lll o l pa i k LO LJ aj V 4 350 100 150 Figure 7 Cooling system UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 14 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 13 Communications As mentioned in Section 10 LV Monitoring Systems the LV monitoring unit has an internal modem with a 3G sim card that communicates with the RTU located at Finsbury Market for London trials or Ipswich for Brighton trials The PED has its own modem and 3G sim card to receive the demand analogues and send alarms and measured va
49. in excess of 246 V The second part of this test evaluated the SOP s ability to provide power to a single phase primarily resistive load The SOP algorithm detects the unbalanced load by calculating the zero sequence voltage from the measured phase A B and C voltages If the zero sequence voltage exceeds a pre set value defined in the algorithm the algorithm controls the SOP to transfer power to the load The test results confirmed that the SOP will supply a single resistive phase load when the algorithm s zero sequence threshold is exceeded which is interpreted as an unbalance load and therefore the SOP will try to address that by injecting current It should be noted that based on the algorithm s calculation for determining the zero sequence voltage based on phase voltage measurements the SOP should have operated at a lower level of unbalance than it did in the test It should also be noted that the neutral current protection was observed to operate unexpectedly at high single phase loads however the neutral overcurrent protection was set to 200 A and the measured neutral overcurrent was measured as 43 3 A in the first test and 49 8 A in the second test This is an area that requires further investigation TPS has advised that the neutral current protection threshold could be increased without detrimentally impacting the protection scheme of the SOP Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 58 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2
50. is a touch screen interface that allows the user to control the SOP s balanced three phase active and reactive power transfer from inverter B and C within the SOP For example using the HMI the user could specify a value for Pinverters of 50 kW The SOP would then import 50 kW from inverter A to accommodate this command 4 An emergency stop push button The emergency stop trips the MCBs on each of the inverters incoming feeders within the SOP and also sends a command to stop the SOP via software The emergency stop was tested at the start of each test day prior to beginning testing To confirm the emergency stop was working the following indicators were noted a There is an audible noise as the CBs open b The state of the SOP displayed on the HMI changes to 15 25 25 c The DC bus voltage falls to 650 V from the previous pre charge state The pre charge state prior to the CBs opening is 750 V The DC bus falls to O V after the 11 kV network is de energised The DC bus does not fall to O V when the CBs are open because the DC link supply bypasses the CB circuit 5 Three FLUKE Power Quality Analyser 435 Il monitoring units were used to record voltage current real and reactive power voltage and current harmonics at the three terminals of the SOP The voltage probes from each FLUKE were connected to the neutral plate mounted externally on the SOP the earth plate also mounted externally from the SOP and to each of phases within the SOP
51. later add d via a furth date f TPSt l uo oio bd a a Seen E This test evaluated the capability of the SOP to inject three phase reactive Three phase increase the upper limits on the resonant i eae f power The test results confirm that the SOP is capable of injecting three 01 04 2015 4 4 reactive power Y controllers and DC link voltage both updates f SUBDOH SHE involved modifying the software on the SOP phase reactive power up to 50 kVAr and 50 kVAr while also exporting PR ICCs ying 126 kW when controlled to do so via the HMI 2 An offset between the HMI control setting and measured values was also observed Additional test Repeat of EMF and audio 21 04 2015 4 5 measurements Y Audio noise exceeds limits specified by TPS at increasing distances from SOP Audio noise complies with Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 and EMF complies with 1998 ICNIRP exposure guidelines Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 98 of 122 Copyright O The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE IA POWER NETWORKS WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device Report Test dates Section Test Name Pass Significant observations Comments on Pass status The first part of this test evaluated the SOP response after the TPS update It was observed that with the update applied the SOP will operate at higher voltages without harmonics in the SOP power
52. nsn sree nenas 97 6 References reete ire stre ruo E42 R PEPPER PEE TERRY SEVERE EVER XE EA RR EE PP ER PER E E 32 ERE PER EY RE EE A SE PEPPER PER Cou 101 7 Appendix A HMI Settings Overview ee ee ener eee eene nn rre nnne ento hs osos hs sss te assensus 102 7 1 TOS SChOCM T 102 7 2 rere 103 7 3 Algorithm inp ts SCreerm ui ect reo Re i o e dU ue E Re nac are EEEREN 105 7 4 Algorithm outputs screen ccececsessscecececessesesaececececessesuaaeseceesceusesauaeseeeescussesaaaeseseessessessaaeeeeess 106 7 5 Algorithm status screen cessseseseseseeeeeee nnne nennen nnne enti in nass essi siti aga Ea sss s easet agas nnns 107 7 6 Configuration SEES yee2s 3 2ccessveseaccwe bones ae eean ueseatecitenuehautsacectedeBeesuecbesesitenbeiawsaneaesteecBexeovans 108 7 7 Configuration general Screen uc Eti e tere e E s epe Ee en er EY EE 109 7 8 Configuration voltage thresholds SCrECN c cccccssesssssssececececessesneaeeececsseesesaeaeceeecesseseeaeaeeeeseesees 110 7 9 Limit trip SCEGGTi su RDUM E EHI DU nEU E EAEra EEEE TEFA ETEei EE 112 7 10 Ramp Rates ec te evo eee pee toe Leu ee edu o aee Eae E EREE ee ovt Dae Fee eda ue ERR ee dag 114 8 Appendix B SOP circuit breaker protect eeeeeeeeeeeeee esee eene eene enne nnn entretenu 116 9 Appendix C SOP operating manual for testing at the PNDC eee eere 12
53. open the affected port circuit breaker For a three phase fault the PED will sense the fault stop conducting current within 10ms and open the affected port circuit breaker The LV fuse will operate in accordance with its protection characteristic For an open circuit fault the PED local VTs will sense phases are no longer 120 apart stop conducting current within 10ms and open the affected port circuit breaker For a neutral fault the PED will continue to control the voltages On the London interconnected network where following a HV fault the existing LV groups of substations support one another the PED crossing a boundary will continue to support the groups On radial networks following a HV fault the customers connected to the affected substation will be off supply because the PED cannot supply an islanded network Following the clearance of the fault the two unaffected ports can continue to operate delivering all functions UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 17 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 If the LV network is reconfigured e g by changing open points in link boxes then the functions delivered by the PED need to be considered If substation B is no longer directly connected to the PED via a spine circuit it can no longer deliver capacity sharing Only functions that rely on local measurements can be enabled for that port Lab
54. output observed in earlier tests However the SOP was observed to trip out when the twork ph It t to 246 V and the SOP trolled t 1 The SOP was observed to trip unexpectedly n n p RR cS eoi iden i j H pa i i a inject active power This is an area that may require further investigation when controlled to inject power at higher m zo as the SOP tripping out as observed in this test is likely to occur on Phase network voltages f 20 04 2015 networks where the voltage is being run in excess of 246 V unbalance 2 The SOP was observed to unexpectedly trip f m and 4 6 Gea ae Y pip Pera noote rreh This second part of this test evaluated the SOP s ability to provide power 21 04 2015 P fest test P 8 to a single phase primarily resistive load The SOP algorithm detects the unbalanced load by calculating the zero sequence voltage from the 3 The SOP should have operated at a lower ole measured phase A B and C voltages If the zero sequence voltage exceeds level of unbalance than it did in the test B a pre set value defined in the algorithm the algorithm controls the SOP to transfer power to the load The test results confirmed that the SOP will supply a single resistive phase load when the algorithm s zero sequence threshold is exceeded which is interpreted as an unbalance load and therefore the SOP will try to address that by injecting current 02 04 2015 Single phase f and The SOP did not supply the singl
55. p rs thH anM to Sf Fee Ap MMMM gt l o Reduced oo 225 S network o voltage to 234 gt 550 k M ggo eot o hs ed aa 81 M s l InverterA 1 holds voltage x nverter Applied SOP hold voltage 9 Ji InverterB load bank at 220 V ower T I 2 nverterC l i Iv 1 Lowest Begin 205 i F i i tap increasing taps H 1 1 200 l 15 00 00 15 15 00 15 30 00 15 45 00 16 00 00 16 15 00 16 30 00 16 45 00 17 00 00 17 15 00 Time HH MM Figure 4 2 RMS voltage at the terminals of the SOP for the voltage constraint as measured by an external power analyser Figure 4 2 shows the RMS voltage at the terminals of the SOP as measured by an external power analyser The voltage was initially set to 240 V on all of the three ports at 15 15 The voltage was reduced at the secondary side of the transformer to 234 V at 15 50 and then a load of 80 kVA at 0 8 pf was applied to Inverter B and Inverter C At 15 59 the voltage at Inverter B was reduced by 1 tap and 222 V was observed at the terminal of Inverter B The voltage was continued to be tapped down by 1 tap every minute until 11 taps were reached at 16 36 The inverter started to support at 16 03 when the voltage at the terminal of the SOP was 218 V This is 2 V less than the threshold setting of 220 V Inverter B continues to support while the voltage at the secondary side of the substation was tapped down and maintained the voltage at the terminal of Inverter B
56. port was not supporting an asset A check should be included in the controller to prevent this from occurring These will enable further development of the SOP algorithm W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 33 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 rower DD Networks Delivering your electricity Appendix A Settings used for the SOP at Church Street Table A 1 Threshold settings for the SOP Threshold Name Current A Operation Voltage positive sequence upper When voltage is greater than threshold SOP should initiate support gt threshold set RES function for high voltage on port A B or C Volt itiv a 8s When voltage is less than threshold ME iain i SMEs UPP lt 240 SOP should reduce support function iiie for high voltage on port A B or C When voltage is greater than Voltage positive sequence lower gt 230 threshold SOP should reduce threshold reset B support function for low voltage on port A B or C Volt itiv Wes owe When voltage is less than threshold m tod Ege s 220 SOP should initiate support function aa for low voltage on port A B or C When current import is greater than
57. power oscillations observed in the SOP output previously occurring at high voltages were no longer observed A photograph of the test setup is shown in Figure 5 The 11kV configuration was modified for several of the tests including the phase unbalance improvement test single phase real power support single phase reactive power support test Voltage support test and End to end test The SOP contains three three phase inverters linked together internally via a common DC bus The inverters are connected to the PNDC network using the VEAM PowerLock connection system 1 The connection to the SOP includes three separate single phase cables one neutral connection and one earth connection Inverter A is connected directly to the LV side of the 500 kVA substation I Inverter B is connected to the PNDC test bay E No 2 which is connected via the PNDC network to the 200 kVA substation D and inverter C is connected to the PNDCtest bay F No 2 which is connected via the PNDC network to the 315 kV substation A Also connected to the SOP are 1 Acoolant system for cooling the power electronics within the SOP This coolant system circulates water around the cabinets and utilises an extractor fan to dissipate heat from the water 2 LV monitoring units for monitoring voltage and current on the cables 1 coming from the transformer into the test bay and 2 from the test bay to the load bank as shown in Figure 1 3 An HMI touch screen display The HMI
58. power settings are 0 kW and O kVAr on HMI the SOP begins importing and exporting active and reactive power a net total of active power of 11kW is consumed which attributed to the power requirement of the SOP i e the LCL filter and power electronics as shown in Figure 14 and Figure 15 TPS have advised that this power transfer is related to the power requirements of the SOP to turn on and operate in a standby mode i e without actively transferring power either due to manual via HMI or algorithm control Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 23 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE SOP Enabled via HMI s nverterA Active Power kW N 3 InverterB InverterC 4 5 6 12 51 12 52 12 53 12 54 12 55 12 56 12 57 Time HH MM Figure 14 Total three phase active power at enable 20 SOP Enabled via HMI 15 10 uw InverterA Reactive Power kW o 5 InverterB InverterC 10 15 20 12 51 12 52 12 53 12 54 12 55 12 56 12 57 Time HH MM Figure 15 Total three phase reactive power at enable 4 1 4 Conclusions This test evaluates the SOP s capability to transfer power from one terminal to another based on the HMI settings The test results confirm that when controlled to do so by the HMI the SOP is ca
59. project full records of training keep on the Learning Management System LMS Control Engineers will be familiarised with the monitoring and remote control of the PED Field staff will be familiarised with the local operations UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 15 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 17 Network Faults The PED will sense short current bursts a few cycles in duration indicative of an incipient fault Incipient faults are difficult to identify as they do not cause LV fuses to operate It is only when these faults currents are sustained for longer periods that they result in nuisance transient fault where no fault is found or a permanent fault requiring a repair The PED will attempt to ride through these short current bursts but it will protect itself should the currents cause the power electronics to heat up The PED will automatically restart up to a maximum number of restarts after which it will lock out Operational staff will need to reset the device after an investigation using power quality devices e g Ranger PM 7000 to determine the likely location of the incipient fault The PED can only join circuits that are energised from distribution substations Customers connected to an islanded network cannot be supplied through the PED because the PED does not deliver fault current Low fault level would prevent customers protectiv
60. signals from the control and protection system The control system constantly monitors the power electronics and other auxiliary equipment When a fault is detected it trips the circuit breakers removing the PED from the network As no customers are fed through the PED this operation does not generate any customer interruptions An alarm is sent to the control room 13 Visualisation FUN LV will deliver an advanced DMS PowerOn control system GE is creating an enhanced LV network representation similar to Geoview but allows devices to be controlled and analogues to be visualised Each PED will be placed on the diagram with measured values being visible at selected levels of magnification The trials in Brighton will be managed by the SPN LV Control Engineers ROMAN RD R O DENNIS HSE 67052 Figure 9 PowerOn PED Symbol Figure 8 Example of PED Symbol UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 13 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 14 Communications As mentioned in section 11 LV Monitoring Systems the LV monitoring unit has an internal modem has a 3G sim card that communicates with the RTU located at Finsbury Market for London trials or Ipswich for Brighton trials The PED has its own modem and 3G sim card to receive the demand analogues and send alarms and measured values to the control room and stored in PI
61. support Power factor correction and improvement Phase imbalance improvement Loss reduction Harmonic content improvement DEO Un Bo mc Current can be taken from and exported to either inverter The neutral inverter is required to perform the advanced functions 4 7 The neutral inverter is housed in one of the main converter enclosures The overall dimensions of the cubicle are length 1200mm height 1586mm and depth 800mm All enclosures are designed to meet IP65 UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 7 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Fan Box Inverter enclosure x2 Inverter ri Card B Card A Filter enclosure x2 MCCB B MCCB A Fan and Filter Neutral Earth bar Module Figure 2 Control Enclosure Internal View 6 Site Locations The aim of the FUN LV project is to carry out the assessment of benefits to be expected by the installation of the PEDs LV monitoring devices will be installed in the substations listed below to provide the necessary evidence to complete the business case and demonstrate that power electronics is able to realise benefits when connected to a LV network Table 1 SPN radial sites ID S SA S S B 2 1 523338 Duke Street T1 523653 Churchill Square East T2 2 2 523446 Frederick Street T1 522075 North Gardens T1 2 3 523099 West Hill Road T2 524252
62. the 49 5 Hz threshold the SOP should enter an inhibit state after one minute of the threshold being breeched In the graph an inhibit state is indicated by the recorded phase current decreasing to O A 4 In order to test the band 1 under frequency protection the frequency was then decreased further to 49Hz After one minute frequency decreased at 10 27 57 and inhibit state entered at 10 28 58 the SOP entered an inhibit state indicated by the current output decreasing to O A This is the expected time delay from the frequency protection when the SOP falls below the band 1 threshold 5 The frequency was then increased to 49 7 Hz and the SOP remained within the inhibit state for over 1 minute This is unexpected behaviour based on the frequency protection when the frequency increases beyond the 49 5 Hz threshold the SOP should leave the inhibit state after a 5 s delay 6 In order to test the band 1 stage of the under frequency protection the frequency was then increased further to 50 Hz After 25 s the SOP left the inhibit state as indicated by the current Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 82 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 50 5 50 0 49 5 gt gt w 19 u o D oo eo Frequency Hz 46 0 output increasing from O A to 96 A This is a slower response than expe
63. the feeder connection to the substation bus bars Feeder export trip The threshold trip for 500 A for substation 250 A for substation D the export current and 50 A for substation A if the SOP needs to condition of the start supporting at 50 A positive sequence current at the feeder Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 112 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 vs v UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device connection to the substation bus bars Feeder export reset The threshold reset for the export current condition of the positive sequence current at the feeder connection to the substation bus bars Set the reset current to 10 A below the trip current Transformer import trip The threshold trip for the import current condition of the positive sequence current at the secondary side of the transformer 500 A for substation 250 A for substation D and 50 A for substation A if the SOP needs to start supporting at 50 A Transformer reset import The threshold reset for the import current condition of the positive sequence current at the secondary side of the transformer Set the reset current to 10 A below the trip current Transformer export trip The threshold trip for the export current condition of the positive sequence current at the seco
64. this limit is not exceeded for any location or any power output level in this test Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 48 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE sf B Inverter B Inverter C psi 28 B Inverter B Inverter C psi 26 EMF 0 100kHz range V m FPRPrPRPRPNNN ONBHWONBHWOON BS This test is a repeat of the EMF and audio measurement test completed earlier in this report at increased distances from the SOP This test evaluates how the EMF and audio measurements would change at distances further from the SOP whether the limits specified by TPS relating to EMF and audio would be exceeded and whether the EMF and audio measurements exceed relevant standards i e Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 6 and 1998 ICNIRP exposure guidelines 8 Location of measurement Figure 44 EMF measurements 0 100kHz range 4 5 3 Conclusions The results show that in all locations and for both power output levels the noise limit specified by TPS is exceeded however the results also show that the maximum audio noise A and C weightings comply with the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 6 which have a higher limit than that specified by TPS The EMF measurement limit specified by TPS is not exceeded for any location or power output level taken from 1998 ICNIRP expo
65. update s Iset A Irese A Prate KW s ace 6 1 60 60 50 2 30 2 60 100 40 2 70 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 76 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE After stable current injection was achieved the load bank 6 was reduced from 80 kW in 10 kW increments to test the reset component of the algorithm At 50 kW loaa equal to 73 A the SOP was observed to reduce current injection to the default enabled current injection value of approximately 20 A per phase as shown in Figure 68 this is the expected response of the SOP to lioaa falling below the reset threshold The next stage of the test was to repeat the same load test with a three phase inductive load the inverter B phase A current output from this test is shown in Figure 70 1 At 12 12 the SOP was enabled and load bank 6 was configured to apply a three phase inductive load from 0 kVAr to 100 kVAr in 10 kVAr steps 2 At 12 16 when the load bank was increased from 50 kVAr to 60 kVAr licag of 82 A observed the Iset indicator was observed on the HMI and the SOP began current injection This is the expected response to the threshold being exceed however the current injection again began oscillating 3 At 12 18 the SOP was disabled and via the HMI enables screen the P mode active power support mo
66. 0 nverterB 100 nverterC 50 o g 50 amp 100 2 E 150 200 250 300 350 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 Time HH MM Figure 19 Three phase active power recorded at SOP terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 29 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 45 nverterA nverterB B eo nverterC Reactive Power kVAr HR N N Ww Ww U1 eo Ui eo U1 m e eo 0 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 Time HH MM Figure 20 Three phase reactive power recorded at SOP terminals The THDv and THDi recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 21 and Figure 22 By comparing Figure 20 and Figure 17 it can be observed that the periods of high THDv correspond to periods when the PNDC network is de energised e g from 16 00 to 16 30 By comparing Figure 22 Figure 17 and Figure 19 it can be observed that periods of high THDi also correspond to periods when the network is de energised e g from 16 00 to 16 30 and also when the SOP is disabled via the HMI e g 13 11 to 13 13 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 30 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTR
67. 0 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 4 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ir UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE GLOSSARY AC Alternating Current AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator DC Direct Current DSP Digital Signal Processor FR Final Report FUN LV Flexible Urban Networks Low Voltage GM Ground Mounted HMI Human Machine Interface ICCs Inverter Control Cards LAN Local Area Network MCB Miniature Circuit Breaker MG Motor Generator PED Power Electronic Device PED Power Electronic Device pf Power Factor PLL Phase locked loop PNDC Power Networks Demonstration Centre PSU Power Supply Unit RMS Root Mean Square RTU Remote Terminal Unit SOP Soft Open Point THD Total Harmonic Distortion THDi Total Harmonic Distortion of current expressed as a percentage of the fundamental THDv Total Harmonic Distortion of voltage expressed as a percentage of the fundamental PLC Programmable Logic Controller TPS Turbo Power Systems UKPN United Kingdom Power Networks Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 5 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 2 INTRODUCTION The objective of this project is to test a Soft Open Point SOP Power Electronic Device PED under different network ope
68. 0 V then the output of the controller is decreased until the power reference is zero This is shown between samples 75 and 100 Operational Data The voltage test was conducted at the PNDC at 15 12 and terminated at 17 04 on 21 April 2015 Initially the SOP and load banks were configured for the test Once completed the voltage at the substation that Inverter B was connected to was decreased from nominal by the use of taps at the secondary side of the substation transformer The voltage was tapped down to the lowest tap 11 then tapped up to the maximum tap 16 before being tapped back to nominal 4 W 09 FUN LV X03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 12 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK Power SDRC 9 4 eel Delivering your electricity 250 f i i 4 1 1 SOP enabled Highesttap SOP reaches 245 E X Lo dj g2 L 2 4 mw i T j power limit I 1 1 240 cease meme aaa as r L bo p N i I XU Begin reducing SOP keeps 235 1 1 Network transformer taps 1 voltage less than I f 245 V m 230
69. 015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 7 Single phase reactive power support test The objective of this test is to record the operation of the SOP when a single phase primarily inductive load is connected at the 400 V side of substation A as shown in Figure 53 This test evaluated the SOP s ability to provide power to the single phase load This network configuration is identical to the configuration used in section 4 6 however in this case the single phase load is controlled to be a inductive load instead of the purely resistive load used in the previous test The desired behaviour from the SOP in this test is to inject reactive power to supply the single phase load The testing plan is specified in 2 and the log from the test is listed in the following section 9669 VAINC J9UJJ0JsueJ1 UOIeJOs GO o Hm o ts o Hm to BR o I 3 wn GM substation A 315kVA 4 66 o Test bay E No 2 pcc 400V 11kV E JAR SOP i S 1 1 B Inverter C es oe Recerca i io o P n 3 wn 0 117 j0 014 ohms Test bay E No 1 Test bay E No 2 400V 11kV m Gl Inverter B Test bay E No 2 400V 11kV i z melaa Inverter A i oon e M substation 500kV 4 8196 o o Be o ak o o Ko o gt 3 n r GM substation D 200kV 4 88 0 117 j0 014 ohms Test bay E No 1 Loadbank 6 Figure 53 PND
70. 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Phase A Phase B Phase C Reactive Power kVAr 3 01 13 03 13 05 13 07 13 09 Time HH MM Figure 58 Three phase reactive power recorded at SOP inverter C 4 7 3 Conclusions It has been demonstrated earlier in this report that the SOP hardware is capable of importing and exporting reactive power section 4 4 This test demonstrates that the SOP is not responding as expected to a single phase primarily inductive load This may partially be due to the DNP3 communication system not being operational at the time of this test However as will be demonstrated later in this report in section 4 9 when the DNP3 communication system is operational the SOP again did not respond to support a three phase primarily inductive load As the hardware has already been tested this suggests the problem may be related to a control issue in the algorithm Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 63 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 8 Voltage support test The objective of this test is to record the operation of the SOP when the network voltage at one of the SOP inverters is increased and decreased above and below nominal The expect
71. 15 All rights reserved 23 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix E Example of Operational Instruction Card Read Before Any Operational Activity This substation has a power electronics device PED connected to one of its feeders Contact LV Control informing them of Staff on site You can work in this substation without having to switch off this device The PED requires the transformer demand which is measured using the LV monitoring equipment See EOS 01 0053 If you need to work on the circuit with the LV monitoring equipment contact LV Control who will switch off the PED Once the PED is disabled conventional fusing and linking can take place In the event of a LV fault affecting the sharing circuit the PED will shutdown automatically Once the fault has been repaired the PED can be returned to service Engineering Operating Standard 09 0043 has being written explaining how to operate this device If you need further information please contact Control in the first instance who will contact one of the FUN LV team Voltage connections using modified carrier with 4mm plug Spine circuit monitored ca m Dual terminal PED LV distribution board connections UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 24 of 24 Document Number EOS 09 0042 UK Power 22 Version 1 0 Networks Date 13 04 2015 ENGINEE
72. 16 38 Increase AVR by 2 taps 6 Voltage at inverter B 218 V at 16 39 Increase AVR by 2 taps 4 Voltage at inverter B 222 V at 16 40 Increase AVR by 2 taps 2 Voltage at inverter B 225 V at 16 42 Increase AVR by 2 taps 0 Voltage at inverter B 229 V at 16 42 Increase AVR by 2 taps 2 Voltage at inverter B 230 V at 16 43 Increase AVR by 2 taps 4 Voltage at inverter B 232 V at 16 46 Increase AVR by 2 taps 6 Voltage at inverter B 236 V at 16 47 Increase AVR by 2 taps 8 Voltage at inverter B 240 V at 16 47 Increase AVR by 2 taps 10 Voltage at inverter B 243 V at 16 48 Increase AVR by 2 taps 12 Voltage at inverter B 244 V at 16 49 Increase AVR by 2 taps 14 Voltage at inverter B 247 V at 16 50 Observed that the SOP is absorbing power to limit voltage increase and at this stage the SOP has immediately reached its power absorption limit Increase AVR by 2 taps 16 Voltage at inverter B 249 V at 16 54 Tap limit reached Decrease AVR by 3 taps 13 Voltage at inverter B 243 V at 16 57 Decrease AVR by 3 taps 10 Voltage at inverter B 236 V at 16 57 Did not observe SOP backing off i e reducing power import as expected Decrease AVR by 3 taps 7 Voltage at inverter B 230 V at 16 59 Decrease AVR to nominal taps 0 Voltage at inverter B 218 V at 17 01 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 65 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of ST
73. 2 kW and 24kVAr from 0 kW and 0 kVAr in one step b Inverter C export 32 kW and 24kVAr from 0 kW and O kVAr in one step The voltage waveform recorded at inverter B during the three phase fault is shown in Figure 85 and the current waveform is shown in Figure 86 The fault is applied at approximately 14 19 04 523 and the SOP stops injecting current at 14 19 04 541 Within 18ms the SOP has detected the fault and limited its output current The phase A RMS voltage on inverter A and C during the fault is shown in Figure 87 and the phase A RMS current is shown in Figure 88 As in the previous fault test the fault can be observed as a voltage spike in Figure 87 From Figure 84 it can be observed that the SOP stops injecting current on inverter A and inverter C when the fault is applied 400 300 200 100 Voltage V Oo 100 Phase A Phase B Phase C 200 300 400 14 19 04 486 14 19 04 528 14 19 04 571 14 19 04 614 14 19 04 656 14 19 04 699 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 85 Three phase fault voltage measured at inverter B terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 90 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 600 500 400 300 14 19 04 523 33 1879 14 19 04 541 200 4 1962 100 0 Current A 100 200 300
74. 3 615 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 78 Phase A to Earth Fault current measured at inverter B terminals 250 248 SOP SOP controlled to Inverter A phase A Enabled inject via HMI Inverter C phase A 246 Network Fault applied energised Network de 244 energised Fault cleared 242 240 Voltage V 238 236 234 232 230 13 11 13 12 13 13 13 14 13 15 13 16 13 17 13 18 13 19 Time HH MM Figure 79 Phase A to earth fault phase A RMS voltage measured at inverter A and inverter C terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 86 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 100 SOP controlled to Fault applied 90 inject via HMI pp 80 70 SOP controlled to inject via H 60 inject via E 50 SOP enabled o 40 Network energised 30 MEN OMA 20 l nverterA phase A 10 Inverter C phase A 0 13 11 13 12 13 13 13 14 13 15 13 16 13 17 13 18 13 19 Time HH MM Figure 80 Phase A to Earth Fault phase A RMS current measured at inverter A and inverter C terminals 4 10 2 3 Phase to phase fault Prior to applying the fault using the SOP HMI inverter B and inverter C were set to a Inverter B export 32 kW and 24 kVAr from 0 kW and O0 kVAr in one step b Inverter C export 32 kW and 24 kVAr from 0 kW and 0 k
75. 3 8 x m Far TE in BOD A gt iyrax 10 5 x i Towance 10 ma The setting of fu 722308 itp urfi a STON orty Jocm rental The L protection can Se set a1 a in For 0 4 in the routa setting must be at 100 amp of at of the phases tel up tn the curant value PIREJA t k fquatiag Pe chosen sating payong fe current value indicata Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 116 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 DEMONSTRATION CENTRE P e UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device PR222DS P Protection S Against short circuit with delayed trip Protection Against short circuit with inatantaneous tip Protection L Against overload Socket for TT test unit Dip switeh for neutral seting Socket for connection of PROTO T test unit Selectan for alectronic and BTOGO wretees or manual eetting communication urit L Against overload with long inverse time delay trip and trip characteristic according to an inverse time curve Dbt k according to TEC 60947 2 Standard S Against short circuit with inverse short time delay trip and trip characteristic with G inverse time bt k or definite time Against short circuit with Against ground fault with inverse short time delay trip and trip characteristic according to an inverse time curve bt k Nominal current In 630 A L Long DIP swit
76. 3 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 21 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power Networks Delivering your electricity 7 Transformer Equalisation Designed Operation The aim of transformer equalisation is to balance the transformer load according to the capacity of the transformer If there are two transformers in the network and transformer 1 is operating at 50 utilisation and transformer 2 is operating at 100 utilisation then the transformer equalisation algorithm will transfer load from transformer 2 to transformer 1 such that both transformers are operating at 75 capacity Utilisation of the transformer is calculated as a percentage of the load with respect to the maximum power rating of the transformer If the transformer is supporting a load of 600 kW and the rating of the transformer is 1000 kW then the utilisation of the transformer would be 60 T tilisation 6 Transformer load W TE ransformer utilisation Tra omer rating W The utilisation of each transformer is compared to the average utilisation Average utilisation is the summation of the utilisations from the transformer at each of the SOP ports divided by the number of t
77. 30 16 50 17 10 Time HH MM Figure 63 Total three phase reactive power from SOP 4 8 3 Conclusions This test evaluates the SOP s ability to detect a voltage change and implement corrective action to maintain the inverter terminal voltage at upper and lower voltage thresholds The SOP supported the voltage by transferring power though not entirely as expected It should be noted that the SOP did not stop taking corrective action power transfer when the upper voltage reset threshold was reached It has been advised by Imperial College London responsible for the development of the algorithm that this issue likely to be caused by an error in the algorithm and this will be addressed in the next version of the algorithm v1 5 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 69 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 9 End to end test The objective of this test was to record the operation of the SOP when the load on a substation increased beyond a pre set threshold defined in the algorithm The expected of the operation of the SOP is to inject current to reduce the loading on the substation when the pre set threshold is breeched For the purposes of this test the substation is substation D and the SOP inverter is inverter B as shown in Figure 64 The threshold as defined in the algorithm is tran
78. 9 Bulstrode St 35 And 34172 34179 Bulstrode St ee Clifton Ford Hotel 34146 9 Thayer St Westmoreland St Clifton Ford Hotel National Heart Hosp L3 3i 30107 Nutford PI 34300 Forset St 34317 Edgware Rd 30107 Nutford PI i Holiday Inn G Coopers Stores 112 130 Holiday Inn G 31511 Pall Mall 45 47 36643 Pall Mall 80 82 L3 4i 34725 Pall Mall 83 RAC 31511 Pall Mall 100 ang 34725 Pall Mall 83 RAC or 36223 Pall Mall 36 31511 Pall Mall 45 47 A site approval document has been prepared for each trial detailing the expected benefits UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 9 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 7 Access On the external doors of each of these substations a label will be placed informing staff that this substation is part of the FUN LV trial At S S A substations a notice will warn staff that a PED has been installed Staff can safely enter these substations and carry out their normal duties without switching off the PED Labels will also be placed in link boxes indicating that that link box is part of the FUN LV demonstration and the Control Engineer should be contacted before any linking takes place Copies of these labels are contained in Appendix B 8 Method of Connection Each PED is connected to the LV distribution board in S S A or a LV only substation using 240mm flexible copper cables
79. ATION CENTRE nverterA nverterB nverterC THDv KAB radi E TN TEN 0 0 L L L d 1 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 Time HH MM Figure 21 Phase A THDv 6 recorded at SOP terminals 60 nverterA nverterB 5 nverterC 4 20 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 Time HH MM o o THDi w e Figure 22 Phase A THDi recorded at SOP terminals As discussed in the method section surface temperatures were recorded at 30min intervals at the locations shown in Figure 16 The recorded temperature data is shown in Figure 23 It can be observed that the highest average temperature is achieved at approximately 4 h 30 mins into the test and the highest temperature is Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 31 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Observed at location 4 The temperature at all locations continues to increase over the first 2 h period when the HMI inverters B and C are both set to export 170 kW When the HMI setting of inverter B and C are decreased in the middle period 02 00 03 00 the temperature is observed to fall at all locations When the power output is again increased to 170 kW from inverter B and C over the last 2 h period the temperature is again observed
80. AVR was reduced by 1 tap 4 taps Voltage at inverter B 218 V at 16 06 Observed SOP injecting additional power to support voltage as expected It was noted that two of the phases on the AVR had not been tapped down These phase were tapped down at 16 13 so all AVR phases tapped to 4 Observed more power transfer from SOP at 16 14 Observed voltage at inverter B 219 V at 16 15 The AVR was reduced by 1 tap 5 taps Voltage at inverter B 219 V at 16 16 In order to demonstrate the impact of the SOP reaching its power output limit the power output limit of the SOP was artificially limited to 120 kW via the HMI The expected response is that the SOP voltage will drop when the power output limit is reached and the AVR voltage is controlled to decrease further The AVR tap was then decreased further to 10 taps and then the tap was then increased in the positive direction as listed below Reduced AVR by 1 tap 6 taps Voltage at inverter B 217 V at 16 22 Reduced AVR by 1 tap 7 taps Voltage at inverter B 216 V at 16 25 Reduced AVR by 1 tap 8 taps Voltage at inverter B 215 V at 16 27 Reduced AVR by 1 tap 9 taps Voltage at inverter B 213 V at 16 28 Reduced AVR by 1 tap 10 taps Voltage at inverter B 212 V at 16 29 Reduced AVR by 1 tap 11 taps Voltage at inverter B 210 V at 16 31 Increase AVR by 1 tap 10 taps Voltage at inverter B 212 V at 16 36 Increase AVR by 2 taps 8 Voltage at inverter B 215 V at
81. Appendix A B E and G Appendix A EOS 09 0043 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Appendix B EOS 09 0042 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Device Appendix E Testing of Soft Open Point PED Appendix G Autonomous Power Transfer Report Power Networks Delivering your electricity Document Number EOS 09 0043 UK Power 22 Version 1 0 Networks Date 13 04 2015 ENGINEERING OPERATING STANDARD EOS 09 0043 FUN LV DUAL TERMINAL POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICE Network s Summary Owner Approved By LPN and SPN This document provides guidance and information in the operation of dual terminal power electronics devices PED in London and Brighton installed for the Flexible Urban Networks LV FUN LV project It provides the procedures necessary to avoid danger and allow safe working Peter Lang Date 13 04 2015 Barry Hatton Approved Date 28 04 2015 This document forms part of the Company s Integrated Business System and its requirements are mandatory throughout UK Power Networks Departure from these requirements may only be taken with the written approval of the Director of Asset Management If you have any queries about this document please contact the author or owner of the current issue Applicable To UK Power Networks External All UK Power Networks L G81 Website Asset Management Contractors Capital Programme ICPs IDNOs HSS amp TT Dd Dd P4 Dd P4 P3 Other
82. C network configuration for single phase reactive load test Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 59 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 7 1 Log of test procedure As in the previous single phase load test phase unbalance improvement several load banks were connected in parallel to achieve the desired load capacity To ensure an accurate recording of the load profile the test was first run with the SOP disconnected and one FLUKE 435 power quality analyser deployed to monitor the terminals of the load bank The SOP was then connected and the test was repeated using the same load profile The recording of the load profile with the SOP disconnected is shown in Figure 54 Please note the load was controlled to step in 10 kVAr increments from O kVAr to 50 kVar but due to limitations within the load bank control there was some error associated with each step e g load profile step 1 was controlled to 10 kVAr and the observed step from Figure 54 was 12 kVAr and 0 7 kW Due to nature of the winding used to implement reactive load there will always be a restive element to any reactive load applied the reverse is true for a resistive load 6 60 09 59 16 5 1 Active power 5 Reactive power 09 58 46 40 7 50 g 09 58 21 32 5 09 59 16 47 8 40 lt E
83. Contact Control before linking UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 23 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix C Basic Power Electronics Switching The PED consists of three voltage sourced converters Each port has three phase legs each phase leg consisting of two series connected valves Phase leg VI Uac V2 IGBT Diode These valves V1 and V2 consist of an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor IGBT and an anti parallel diode Each IGBT can only conduct in one direction The inclusion of the anti parallel diode deals with transient voltages that occur when the IGBT is turned off and enable current flow in the reverse direction This diode is termed the freewheeling diode If the phase leg is considered as a mechanical switch as opposed to two IGBT containing valves then the following can be realised yI i E 0 5 Ua 0 5 U Uac V2 It can be seen from the above representation that the current can either be made to flow and create either a 0 5dc voltage or 0 5dc voltage as demonstrated below U Switch state top Switch state bottom UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 24 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 By operating the mechanical switch in the top or bottom instances the above waveform with time c
84. ETEFEFERTFEETFIFEFTFIETFIFTA aC HI THE ien BYE sate resets Status Configuration t Status Config 355277 z 222722272772 If the test requires the SOP to support when the load is greater than for example 100 A then the trip limit should be set to 99 A To ensure stability it is best to set the reset 10 A lower than the trip limit Set the export setting to the same as the import settings In Version 1 Issue 3 of the algorithm the asset guarding uses the same values as the threshold set setting If any of the ports have the threshold set to zero then the algorithm will not use that port This has been changed for the future releases of the algorithm and the asset guarding settings are different from the threshold settings Field Name Description Status Feeder import trip The threshold trip for For the port that the load is connect to set the the import current trip to the value of current for which support is condition of the required For the other ports set the trip to the positive sequence current rating of the cable or transformer current at the feeder recommend the thresholds to be set to 500 A connection to the for substation I 250 A for substation D and 50 substation bus bars A for substation A if the SOP needs to start supporting at 50 A Feeder import reset The threshold reset for Set the reset current to 10 A below the trip the import current current condition of the positive sequence current at
85. Each end of the flexible cable is fitted with VEAM PowerLock connection plugs similar to those used to connect mobile generators Modified fuse carriers with a socket connection will replace the existing fuse carriers connected to the Spine Circuits The modified fuse carriers to LV busbar shall have the same size fuselink as the existing fuse carrier whereas the modified fuse carriers to substations B and C shall have dummy fuselinks fitted The ten cables will be cleated to the floor or ceiling between the PED and the LV distribution board three phase single core cables per LV way plus one common combined neutral earth cable using a mechanical clamp PED connections in Substation A Power Electronics Neutral amp PE Panels Control Panel ToSSB ToSSC Feeders Rogowski coils around Neutral earth cable phase and neutral cores Figure 2 Single line AC connections UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 10 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 d Modified fuse carrier gt with VEAM PowerLock connection socket Feeder Feeder towards towards Substation Substation II T Figure 3 LV distribution board with modified fuse carriers In the event that modified fuse carriers do not fit e g a legacy Lucy Oxford LV distribution board with ten inch ceramic fuse carriers Church Street SPN 523036 then short 660A horizontal clamps sha
86. I 10 0 117 j0 014 ohms 0 16 j0 0390hms 0 032 j0 0390hms 0 032 j0 0390hms Test bay E No 1 Figure 59 Network configuration for voltage support test Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 64 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE The list below describes the procedure followed during testing 1 2 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 The SOP was enabled see introduction of section 3 for explanation The network voltage was reduced until a voltage of 234 V was observed on all inverter terminals 15 50 Loadbank 6 and load bank 7 were controlled to each apply a 40 kVA 0 8 pf load The voltage was observed to drop on all SOP terminals The phase A voltages were noted as Inverter A 228 V inverter B 225 V and inverter C 225 V The AVR was reduced by 1 tap 1 taps and a voltage drop of 3V was observed on inverter B Voltage at inverter B 222 V 15 59 This voltage level was maintained for 1 min The AVR was reduced by 1 tap 2 taps Voltage at inverter B 219 V at 16 01 This voltage level was maintained for 1 min The AVR was reduced by 1 tap 3 taps Voltage at inverter B 218 V at 16 03 Observed SOP injecting power to support voltage as expected The
87. InverterA With HMI settings trip off InverterB dig n InverterC 245 nverter E ii LEX LI 1g a0 fs 235 230 Start of current ramp 225 220 12 45 12 47 12 49 12 51 12 53 12 55 12 57 12 59 13 01 13 03 13 05 13 07 13 09 Time HH MM Figure 55 Phase A RMS voltage recorded at SOP terminals The RMS phase current recorded at inverter C is shown in Figure 56 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 61 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE Ng POWER NETWORKS DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 250 Uncontrolled SOP 225 Start of current ramp trip off 200 175 m e uI eo Current A m e N Mm 100 J5 PED enabled Phase A load of 12kVAr 0 7kW With HMI settings 50 Inverter B 80kW Inverter C 126kW 25 0 12 45 12 47 12 49 12 51 12 53 12 55 12 57 12 59 13 01 13 03 13 05 13 07 13 09 Time HH MM Figure 56 Three phase RMS current recorded at SOP inverter C The three phase active power recorded at inverter C is shown Figure 57 60 50 40 30 20 Active Power kW 10 12 45 12 47 12 49 12 51 12 53 12 55 12 57 12 59 13 01 13 03 13 05 13 07 13 09 10 Time HH MM Figure 57 Three phase active power recorded at SOP inverter C The three phase reactive power recorded at SOP inverter C is shown Figure 58 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 62 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12
88. InverterC 225 250 14 15 14 20 14 25 14 30 14 35 14 40 14 45 14 50 Time HH MM Figure 38 Total three phase active power SOP terminals The reactive power steps described in the method section can be observed in Figure 39 It should be noted that the polarity indicated on the HMI appears to be wrong i e reversed This is indicated by two aspects of the recording 1 The reactive power recording shown in Figure 39 is negative when the HMI is set to a positive value i e the HMI setting is increased from 0 to 50 kVAr from 14 19 to 14 27 The active power polarity for this same test is observed to be correct as shown in Figure 38 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 43 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 vs v UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 2 The voltage response also shown in Figure 39 decreases as the HMI setting is increased from O to 50 kVAr 14 19 to 14 27 A voltage decrease should correspond to reactive power going into and n ot out of the SOP The same reversal of expected polarity is observed when the HMI setting is decreased from 0 to 50 kVAr from 14 38 to 14 45 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 Reactive Power kVAr 40 50 60 70 14 15 14 20 300 250 200 150 Q Inverter A 100 Q Inverter B Q Inverter C 50 Inverter A v
89. MU Soft Open Point A point on the network where two networks are joined together through power electronics to share capacity without increasing the prospective short circuit current Spine circuit This is the LV feeder that joins two distribution substations together to enable capacity sharing Based on LPN interconnected LV network design terminology Supplier Turbo Power Systems TPS UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 6 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 5 Basic Description The multi terminal PED consists of three 400kW inverters joined to a common DC busbar and a neutral inverter The basic operation of power electronics is described in Appendix C The PED controller receives measured demand values from remote substations and local analogues An algorithm developed by Imperial College takes these values and determines which functions have been enabled The expected functions are Real power transfer Reactive power support Voltage support Power factor correction and improvement Phase imbalance improvement Loss reduction Harmonic content improvement NOOR OM Current can be taken from and exported to any combination of the three inverters as long as the sum of the currents is zero after losses are taken into account The neutral inverter is required to perform the advanced functions 4 to 7 Ea
90. N N Ww gt uw o Voltage V N WwW o 225 220 215 210 11 30 00 11 40 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 12 10 00 12 20 00 Time HH MM Figure 46 Phase A RMS voltage recorded at SOP terminals 100 nverterA nverterB 40 HH InverterC 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 11 30 00 11 40 00 11 50 00 12 00 00 12 10 00 12 20 00 Time HH MM Active Power kW o o Figure 47 Three phase active power recorded at SOP terminals After the resonant controller and DC link threshold modification update had been evaluated the phase unbalance test was started In this test the initial power output from the SOP was controlled using the HMI A single phase load was then applied to the SOP using a series of load banks connected in parallel as shown in Figure 45 1 The SOP was enabled see introduction of section 3 for explanation Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 53 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 2 The SOP HMI was set to a Inverter B export 64 kW and 48 kVAr b Inverter C export 202 kW and 152 kVAr 3 Atsubstation A the real and lagging reactive demand on phase A using load banks was increased with steps of 5 kW 1 kVAr up to an additional 50 kW 10 kVAr starting from 0 kW and O kVAr 4 6 2 Results and Analysis The
91. Network Faults The PED will sense short current bursts a few cycles in duration indicative of an incipient fault Incipient faults are difficult to identify as they do not cause LV fuses to operate It is only when these faults currents are sustained for longer periods that they result in nuisance transient fault where no fault is found or a permanent fault requiring a repair The PED will attempt to ride through these short current bursts but it will protect itself should the currents cause the power electronics to heat up The PED will automatically restart up to a maximum number of restarts after which it will lock out Operational staff will need to reset the device after an investigation using power quality devices e g Ranger PM 7000 to determine the likely location of the incipient fault The PED can only join circuits that are energised from distribution substations Customers connected to an islanded network cannot be supplied through the PED because the PED does not deliver fault current Low fault level would prevent customers protective equipment from operating for a customer fault If a single phase to earth fault should occur the PED will sense the fault stop conducting current within 10ms and open the affected port circuit breaker The LV fuse will operate in accordance with its protection characteristic For a phase to phase fault the PED local VTs will sense two phases are similar stop conducting current within 10ms and
92. Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 25 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power Networks Delivering your electricity 12 Aug 2015 13 10 00 12 Aug 2015 14 03 00 PortA SOP Upper Voltage Logic Logic Logic Logic Logic Logic Logic SOP Lower Voltage 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Feeder Import 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Feeder Export 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Import 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Export 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Load High 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Load Low 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Port B SOP Upper Voltage 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 SOP Lower Voltage 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Feeder Import 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Feeder Export 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Import 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Export 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Load High 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Tx Load Low 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Port C SOP Upper Voltage 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 SOP Lower Voltage 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Feeder Import 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Feeder Export 1 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00
93. No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 18 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 40 nverterA nverterB 30 InverterC 20 Reactive Power kVAr 10 20 11 45 11 55 12 05 12 15 12 25 12 35 12 45 Time HH MM Figure 9 Three phase reactive power recorded at SOP terminals The phase A Voltage Total Harmonic Distortion THDv recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 10 The THDv is the total harmonic distortion of voltage expressed as a percentage of the fundamental It can be observed that the THDv of the SOP increases as the injected active power increases as expected In fact as the current injected by the SOP in the network increases the impact on the THDv increases as the current injected is a source of harmonics For example at 12 10 inverter B on the SOP HMI is set to O kW and O kVAr at this time the THDv of inverter B is lower than at 12 47 when the inverter B is set on the SOP HMI to export 200 kW Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 19 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 0 nverterA nverterB 3 5 nverterC 3 0 2 5 2 0 THDv 1 5
94. OP Port B Power per phase 100 50 0 50 jJ iD 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Reactive Power per phase 10 48 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Voltage per phase 250 245 240 235 H E 230 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM i Current per phase 400 300 200 100 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM 100 SOP Port C Power per phase 100 50 0 50 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Reactive Power per phase 10 43 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM 258 Voltage per phase 250 245 240 235 230 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM 85b Current per phase 400 300 200 100 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Figure 7 1 Event 1 of the SOP transferring real power to equalise the transformer loading W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office 4 docx A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 24 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK Power SDRC 9 4 Heron Delivering your electricity 12 Aug 2015 13 10 00 12 Aug 2015 14 00 00 Substation A Substation B Substation C Power per phase Power p
95. P over frequency protection would operate for the increase of frequency to 51 9 Hz and the cause of the over frequency protection operation was notthe 52 3 Hz overshoot the test was repeated with a ramped increase from 50 Hz to 51 9 Hz again the SOP was observed to enter the inhibit state in less than 1 s Please note test plan steps 13 and 14 were not tested It was agreed with UKPN and TPS that there would be no useful learning achieved by repeating the band 2 over frequency test with a final higher frequency when it had already been established that the SOP would enter an inhibit state at 51 9 Hz 300 250 200 SOP enters inhibit state indicated by current output decreasing to 0 A Phase A voltage Frequency 150 Phase A current 100 Voltage V and Current A 50 S 9 10 11 12 T13 14 1 i 12 07 00 12 12 00 12 17 00 12 22 00 12 27 00 12 32 00 Time HH MM Figure 76 Frequency test part 2 Inverter A phase A RMS current phase A RMS voltage and network frequency 4 10 2 2 Single phase to earth fault Prior to applying the fault using the SOP HMI inverter B and inverter C were set to Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 84 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE a Inverter B export 32 kW and 24kVAr from 0 kW and OkVAr i
96. PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 50 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 P e UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 6 1 Log of test procedure Prior to the start of this test TPS increased the upper limits on the resonant controllers this is a further increase from that implemented at the end of Load cycle test 1 and the upper limits on the DC link voltage up to 775 Vdc by increasing the upper limits on the SOP ICCs TPS have advised that this is the highest levels that could be achieved without altering the resistors for the hardware trip on the ICC This enabled the SOP to operate at higher LV network voltages without producing harmonics on the power output The update was tested by operating the SOP at a higher network voltage as described in the procedure listed below The SOP terminal phase voltage recorded during this test is shown in Figure 46 and the active power output from the SOP is shown in Figure 47 P wN e 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 PNDC network energised at 11 36 HMI hearbeats detected Enabled SOP via HMI at 11 37 Noted HMI state of 12 22 22 The TPS diagnostic equipment PTE was observed to be non operational due to an unknown fault TPS and PNDC agreed to continue with the test without the PTE operational At 11 36 observed network voltage of 232V and
97. Q Export max The maximum reactive power that the SOP Maximum of 300 kVar for substation I may export on the corresponding port 120 kVA for substation D 189 kVA for substation A Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 109 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 YA v UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 7 8 Configuration voltage thresholds screen This screen inputs the values for the set and reset thresholds for balanced and unbalanced voltage support Status Configuration Test Field Name Description Support Status V1 upper set V1 high The threshold set for a high voltage condition of the positive sequence voltage at the terminals of the SOP Should be set to the value minus 1 to where the SOP needs to start supporting a high voltage 245 V V1 upper reset V1 high The threshold reset for a high voltage condition of the positive sequence voltage at the terminals of the SOP Should be set to the value plus 1 to where the SOP needs to stop supporting a high voltage although this failed in the test last week 240 V V1 lower set V1 high The threshold set for a low voltage condition of the positive sequence voltage at the terminals of the SOP Should be set to the value plus 1 to where the SOP needs to start supporting a low voltage 220V
98. RATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 43 Note the SOP did not back off early enough as the SOP terminal voltage is now below nominal 230 V and the SOP is still absorbing active power The SOP should have stopped absorbing active power at this voltage level 44 Disabled SOP via HMI and observed power import export decrease 0 kW and O kVAr 45 Controlled shutdown at 17 04 4 8 2 Results and Analysis The phase A voltage profile at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 60 The different stages of the test are annotated From this diagram it can be observed that the SOP does not stop absorbing power as expected when the AVR is reduced to tap position O nominal tap This is indicated by a lower recorded voltage at tap position O 17 01 250 Highest AVR tap 16 SOP enabled 245 NI WMV nverterB 240 InverterC InverterA 235 AVRO tap Begin increasing taps osition ositive direction gt ead Begin reducing AVR taps P p ar 230 s negative direction aD g 9 225 Reduced network f voltage to 234V 220 prior to start of test Applied load via AVR 0 tap 215 Loadbank 6 and 7 ird i ower than 210 previous A Begin increasing Lowest AVR tap 11 AVR taps 205 P 15 10 15 30 15 50 16 10 16 30 16 50 17 10 Time HH MM Figure 60 SOP phase A RMS inverter terminal voltage The phase A current profile at each SOP inverter i
99. RING OPERATING STANDARD EOS 09 0042 FUN LV MULTI TERMINAL POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES Network s Summary Owner Approved By LPN SPN This document provides guidance and information in the operation of multi terminal power electronics devices PED in London and Brighton installed for the Flexible Urban Networks LV FUN LV project It provides the procedures necessary to avoid danger and allow safe working Peter Lang Date 13 04 2015 Barry Hatton Approved Date 28 04 2015 This document forms part of the Company s Integrated Business System and its requirements are mandatory throughout UK Power Networks Departure from these requirements may only be taken with the written approval of the Director of Asset Management If you have any queries about this document please contact the author or owner of the current issue Applicable To UK Power Networks External L All UK Power Networks L G81 Website DX Asset Management L Contractors X Capital Programme L ICPs IDNOs DX Connections Meter Operators D HSS amp TT DX Network Operations L UK Power Networks Services L Other Strategy and Regulation FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Revision Record Version 1 0 Review Date 28 04 2016 Date 13 04 2015 Author Peter Lang New document to cover the approval of the Multi Terminal Power Electronics Device to be connected to LV networks
100. TPS is presented in Table 1 and Table 2 The HMI interface also enables the user to configure settings within the SOP control algorithm More information about how the algorithm settings can be modified is specified in Appendix A Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 8 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device P DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 377 VIREEFEHEFEFFEFETFFEFTEETETTFEFFFTTETTETEFEFEFETFFEFEFFEHFFTVEFFEFFETEEFFFEFVETTEFFFETETFFTFEEFETFEETFEFFETTEETEEFEEIFETEFEEFEEFEFTETFEF EFFET EIFE TEE TETFE EFE bess Systems 1 Status Configuration test a VSE company A OFF Algorithm Enables Algorithm Inputs Algorithm Outputs ir l o IA Pee rere EFIE EE EIFE FEET FEEEEE FEET EFE Figure 2 SOP HMI NASANAAA NAA AAA NAA ANANTRANAAARANAN TRA A AT AAHANRRCOCOOHCOUUCUUUUUUUUUUUSUVvUsUvevvevevveve vvv ev vvv eee Table 1 SOP HMI PLC State digit 1 PLC State Waiting for start Assign DC Link Controller Pre charge Connect DC Link Controller Start Power Controllers Connect Power Controllers Running Shut Down Power Controllers Shut Down DC Link Controller olNial uflaAlwln P fo Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 9 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power
101. TRATION CENTRE 4 4 Three phase reactive power support test The objective of this test was to record the operation of the SOP when it was controlled to inject three phase reactive power from inverter C This test evaluated the capability of the SOP to inject three phase reactive up to 50 kVAr and 50 kVAr while exporting 80 kW from inverter B and 126 from inverter C The desired behaviour from the SOP in this test is to inject reactive power as controlled to do so via the HMI The testing plan is specified in 2 and the log from the test is listed in the following section 4 4 1 Log of test procedure The list below describes the procedure followed during testing as specified in the testing plan 2 Please note that the DNP3 communication module was not operational at the time of this test and was disconnected by TPS prior to this test commencing 1 2 Active Power kW 3 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 The SOP was enabled see introduction of section 3 for explanation Prior to starting the test it was observed that the active power output from the SOP was oscillating as shown in Figure 37 From 12 52 to 13 02 the SOP HMI was set to inverter B export 50 kW and inverter C set to O KW From 13 03 to 13 05 the SOP HMI was set to inverter B set to 0 kW and inverter C export 50 kW The settings were varied in this manner to attempt to diagnose if the oscillations could be attributed to a specific inverter In
102. V I sor 45 Inverter C i GM substation A 315kV 4 66 e o Oo a e o oO o 2 3 wn o 0 117 j0 014 ohms 5 Test bay E No 2 00 2 2 1 1 1 Test bay E No 1 Loadbank 7 2 400V TikV SOP i i i Not used 3 Inverter A i o 1 1 L D GM substation 500kV 4 81 Test bay E No 2 FO 400V 11kV i 1 RA 1 SOP YA Inverter B ANN IRE i GM substation D 200kVA 4 88 o 0 117 j0 014 ohms g Y 5 Test bay E No 1 Loadbank 6 2 o zz 3 wn Figure 73 Network configuration for frequency 400 V and 11kV fault test Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 80 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE I POWER NETWORKS WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device TPS have advised that when the SOP leaves an allowed frequency band it will enter an inhibited mode and stop operation When the SOP re enters the allowed frequency band it will begin normal operation without outside intervention The inhibit mode is also indicated as a state 3 on the status tab of the SOP HMI please note this is a state indicator and is not related to the bands indicated in Table 6 In the test an inhibit state is indicated by the recorded phase current decreasing to O A TPS have advised on the frequency protection thresholds as shown in Table 6 Table 6 Over under frequency protection settings Typ
103. VAr in one step The voltage waveform recorded at inverter B during the phase A to phase 3 fault is shown in Figure 81 and the current waveform is shown in Figure 82 The fault is applied at approximately 13 43 37 980 and the SOP stops injecting current at 13 43 38 024 Within 44 ms the SOP has detected the fault and limited its output current The phase A RMS voltage on inverter A and C during the fault is shown in Figure 83 and the phase A RMS current is shown in Figure 84 As in the single phase to earth fault test the fault can be observed as a voltage spike in Figure 83 From Figure 84 it can be observed that the SOP stops injecting current on inverter A and inverter C when the fault is applied Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 87 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 va UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 400 300 20 eo Voltage V El a ae 10 100 200 300 Phase A 400 Phase B Phase C 500 13 43 37 954 13 43 37 975 13 43 37 996 13 43 38 018 13 43 38 039 13 43 38 060 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 81 Phase A to Phase 3 fault voltage measured at inverter B terminals 600 500 38 024 0 7629 400 e 300 37 980 70 1904 200 S vc 100 0 Current A 100 200 300 Phase A Phase B Phase C 400 500 600
104. Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 14 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 Feci Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK 2 150 l 1 InverterA SOP reaches power limit SOP uses Port SOP i A to provide 100 e nverterB Increases siniefotihe power to maintain voltage Tes I 1 50 SOP supports l low voltage by exporting power power imported e nverterC 1 SOP reduces _ y power output as voltage increased Active Power Total kW o 1 SOP enabled 1 1 1 I 50 high voltage by 1 A P SOP uses Port importing power A to provide 7 1 1 109 sink for the power exported i i 1 J I I i i nog 150 l 15 00 00 15 15 00 15 30 00 15 45 00 16 00 00 16 15 00 16 30 00 16 45 00 17 00 00 17 15 00 Time HH MM Figure 4 4 Power exported and imported at the terminal of the SOP as measured by an external power analyser positive power is export and negative power is import Figure 4 4 shows the active power export and import as measured by an external power analyser at the terminals of the SOP Positive power is injection generation into the network and negative power is absorption load It can be seen that when Inverter B is injecting power Inverter A is absorbing power and when Inverter B is absorbing power Inverter A is injecting power This demonstrates po
105. able 3phase neutral and earth Water coolant mmm DNP3 communication LV electrical control ce 11000s current clamp Crocodile voltage probe Figure 3 Test configuration line diagram test configuration at the PNDC Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 13 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE DNO 11kV distribution network T3 Li 6 i Di i o NN 5S i D et m 228 p Xb Pi lt i fi 1 Qi ei ud Hp 3 zm t s coll zi o m a ck e m to BR o 3 wn Test bay E No 2 1 SOP Ata Inverter C GM substation A 315kVA 4 6696 0 117 j0 014 ohms Test bay E No 1 Loadbank 7 Test bay E No 2 i o o B o st e o wo o gt 3 wn Test bay E No 2 2 Le Inverter A i i 1 1 M substation 5OOkV 4 81 suiuo 610 0 9T0 0 Gis SOP Inverter B Pea eRe GM substation D 200kV 4 8896 o 0 1174j0 014 ohms D o Test bay E No 1 Loadbank 6 2 o 2 n 11kV fault thrower Figure 4 11kV test configuration line diagram test configuration at the PNDC Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 14 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Ne UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Poin
106. ad cycle test Partial observed in the power output from the SOP the test This test also evaluates the audio noise generated by the SOP at 1 2 The SOP was observed to trip unexpectedly different power outputs the temperature the surface of the SOP reaches three times during the test when supplying power over an extended period and the EMF generated by the SOP at different power outputs Temperature audio noise and EMF were observed to comply with relevant standards and requirements 1 The oscillations observed in the power output from the SOP in the previous test are no longer This test is a repeat of the previous load cycle test Again the SOP was L adieycle tesi present This is due to an update provided by observed to supply power over the extended period however the SOP was 16 02 2015 4 3 Partial TPS voltage output limit on resonant controllers noted to trip unexpectedly four times during the test Again temperature audio noise and EMF were observed to comply with relevant standards and requirements Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 97 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Report RET Test dates Section Test Name Pass Significant observations Comments on Pass status 1 Oscillations were observed in the power output from the SOP The oscillation issue was
107. adings are going to the algorithm even though it s being displayed incorrectly on the HMI e The current readings for inverter A substation I on the mimic were wrong This appears to be bad data caused by a faulty LV monitor current clamps were changed to no effect 4 9 2 Results and Analysis Figure 66 shows the phase A current measured at the terminals of the SOP inverters during the first hour of the end to end test At 09 00 in the graph the PNDC network has been energised and the SOP has been enabled see introduction of section 3 for explanation of enable state At 09 05 the balanced three phase load on load bank 6 connected to SOP inverter B was increased from 0 kW in 10 kW increments up to 30 kW At the 30 kW load step 43 A load current observed the SOP began injecting current from inverter B Atthis stage 1 Inverter A began absorbing current to supply inverter B and 2 inverter C remained at its pre load current of 23A This is an expected operation from the SOP At 09 15 the load on load bank 6 was decreased from 30 kW in 10 kW increments to 0 kW It can be observed from Figure 66 that inverter B continues injecting even when the load has been removed This is an unexpected operation as the SOP should stop injecting current when the load falls below the reset threshold set to 40 A at this part of the test At 09 30 the SOP was disabled At 09 52 the SOP was enabled It was noted on the HMI Test screen that inverter A
108. afely accessible to fit the Rogowski current sensor then one monitor will monitor the transformer demand and a second will monitor the spine circuit gt a Transformer tails monitored ka ww 3 Mts Es I Voltage connections B KIR using modified carrier with 4mm plug be 1 a DRE Spine circuit monitored GTA Figure 7 LV monitoring for both substations In the case of confined modern pillar where access to the transformer tails is difficult then all the outgoing ways will need to be monitored Legacy four card monitoring units will be reused in this situation Under normal operations it should not be necessary to remove the Rogowski coils However to measure real and reactive power a voltage measurement is required The modified fuse carrier with 4mm plug should be used with the spine circuit In the event that a modified fuse carrier needs to be removed following the procedure in EOS 01 0053 the PED will be disabled beforehand by the Control Engineer It is essential that the phasing of the voltage leads is maintained to provide correct real and reactive power analogues UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 12 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 12 Protection The control and protection system is housed at one end of the cubicle with two 3 phase 3 pole circuit breakers ABB T5S 630 which has auxiliary contacts which receive
109. age and RMS phase A current The same response in the current injection is also observed in the three phase active power injected by the SOP as shown in Figure 52 It should be noted that the total active power is constant for each inverter on the SOP it s the current per phase that changes when a single phase load is applied as can be observed in Figure 52 80 78 76 74 72 SN eo Active Power kW nnn un unnannan an av ON FP D WOON FD o 10 30 10 40 10 50 11 00 11 10 11 20 11 30 11 40 11 50 12 00 12 10 12 20 12 30 12 40 Time HH MM Figure 52 Inverter A three phase active power Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 57 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 6 3 Conclusions The first part of this test evaluated the SOP response after the TPS update update applied to the resonant controller and DC link threshold It was observed that with the update applied the SOP will operate at higher voltages without harmonics in the SOP power output observed in earlier tests However the SOP was observed to trip out when the network phase voltage was set to 246 V and the SOP was controlled to inject active power This is an area that may require further investigation as the SOP tripping out as observed in this test is likely to occur on networks where the voltage is being run
110. alysis cette eee torto ete decessor eed voa ao rede Een 27 Lucae 34 Rollo Korie EN m 35 43 1 Logorttestprocedure sse eee E feeds ae Eana Ea EE EE trees 35 4 3 2 Results and Analysis iere iea aaa eaaa Pe eae ga e nad Eee Ego 35 4 33 COMCIUSIONS 5 siete tetuer oeste tester E a EE e aE rtl veti Use ne PUER EE 41 Three phase reactive power support test ssssssssssesesesee eene enne nennnn nnns nennt nana nnn 42 44 1 Logoftestprocedute idee c eden acec eet e do eec oed 42 4 4 2 Results and AnallySis ccccccccccecsssessnececececeesesnssecececsseeseseeaeceeeesseeseseaeceeeesseesesesaeensess 43 443 CONTUSIONS EE 45 Additional test repeat of EMF and audio tests and measurements at increasing distances from jsp e E E EE E e r E E 46 ASA Logoftestprocedure Ide eset east d et apa degest ot cea tpastdegeeter dens 46 45 2 Results and Analysis rnit tete d eret eavdeviauieeean deeds in Roos 47 4 5 3 Conclusions uie e te ER Fette te ERE UD Ui nae obe cov ee abc eee Senate det 49 Phase unbalance improvement test single phase real power support seess 50 4 6 1 LOR OT TESt procedure decere taedet reu doeet ee dut 51 46 2 Results and Analysis repeteret re Ge pedet uec ers Pee petere de e RON 54 46 3 Conclusions eire e TE e pe eer ote a saeco vanes dee EAR 58 Single phase reactive power support test eceeecsesscecececesseseaeseceeecessesesaeseceeseeseeseaaeseeeeseeeees 59
111. an be realised This digital voltage control signal operates at 5kHz The wave shape is achieved by changing the duration each of the switches operates for using Pulse Width Modulation PWM control U Switch state top Switch state bottom By controlling the width of the pulses the average output DC voltage is varied this is demonstrated in the change in level of the green trace Through a higher resolution of PWM an AC waveform can be built up from the PWM controlled DC H i i i 1 il i HH i uM Because the firing of the IGBT s is entirely variable with time the precise firing angle can be altered EN Depending how the waveform is generated and its difference in phase angle will determine which function is delivered For example having the waveform in advance of the network voltage reference results in power export UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 25 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix D Asset Registration Asset Registration will be carried out in accordance with EOP 12 0215 The following template needs to be completed Field Description Asset number Location Maker Turbo Power Systems TPS Type Multi terminal power electronics Device Serial Number Operating voltage 400V Current rating 550A Year of manufacture 2015 Port A circu
112. ansfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 10 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power Networks Delivering your electricity 4 Voltage Constraint Designed Operation The output voltage of the SOP is measured using sensors internal to the hardware The RMS voltage of each of the three phases is read as an input to the algorithm The algorithm calculates the positive sequence set of the voltage and uses this calculated measurement to determine if support is required When the voltage at a port is above the high threshold the SOP will act as a load and absorb power to reduce the voltage Once the voltage is less than the upper threshold set the SOP will hold the amount of load The load the SOP presents to the port will reduce once the voltage at that port is less than the upper voltage reset When the voltage is less than the lower threshold set the SOP will export power in an attempt to increase the voltage Once the voltage is greater than the lower threshold set the SOP will hold the amount of power export The power export the SOP presents to the port will reduce once the voltage at that port is greater than the lower voltage reset Table 4 1 shows the voltage level set at the PNDC Table 4 1 Voltage thresholds for the voltage at the terminal of th
113. at the SOP and the SOP algorithm are able to autonomously transfer power from one feeder to another feeder in order to solve voltage and load constraints within the low voltage network This tests at PNDC highlighted that care should be taken when selecting the thresholds as incorrect settings can cause the SOP to ramp up to solve the constraint and then immediately ramp down because during the ramp up process the SOP has transferred more power than is required The algorithm was developed between the testing at PNDC and the field trials The hunting issue identified from PNDC was solved The field trial data emphasised that the SOP is able to autonomously transfer power between the three feeders in order to improve the load balance in the transformers When balancing the transformers the SOP needs to export to reduce the loading of the higher loaded transformer and import power to increase the loading of the lightly loaded transformers When the SOP is exporting power the voltage will rise but since the voltage is already high the SOP has limited success in exporting power From the field trial data it was notice that there were two sequences where the algorithm should behave differently The first is when the algorithm reduced the output to zero when it only needed to reduce the output by a small amount when changing from reducing the feeder constraint to increasing the loading on the transformer The second was when Port C increased its load but the
114. ates in conjunction with the SOP algorithm 06 05 2015 4 9 tect Partial resolve aie eae This test results also demonstrate that the current support part of the 3 This test has also Indicated that there may b algorithm operates to reduce the load on the associated transformer This a confli ting control issue between the was the expected outcome from this test however there are a number of algorithm voltage support and current sanport areas where unexpected or out of specification behaviour was observed functionality Specifically relating to oscillating current output conflicting control and 3 The test also demonstrated that the SOP tamure te supply amr Ing uetive load failed to operate as expected when supplying the inductive load The frequency thresholds at which the SOP will operate do not match the frequency thresholds The frequency test has demonstrated that the SOP frequency protection specified in the protection settings or in the test Will operate with a time delay when the frequency thresholds are plan It should also be noted that the time breeched It should be noted that the thresholds and time delays do not 15 04 2015 autan delay associated with the frequency thresholds match the thresholds and time delays specified by TES and 4 10 cups Y specified in the protection settings do not The fault test has demonstrated that when a fault is applied close to the 06 05 2015 match the time delays recorded in the test e g terminals of the
115. between 218 V and 220 V The SOP stopped supporting the voltage at 16 23 when the SOP reached the maximum power of 115 kW as set in the algorithm settings The voltage at the terminal of the SOP reduced until 210 V was reached The voltage was then tapped up at intervals of 2 taps until 14 taps was reached at the secondary side of the transformer The voltage at the terminal of the SOP was 247 V and the SOP started to support the high voltage The SOP maintained the voltage at the terminal between 247 V and 245 V until 16 50 where the voltage started to increase towards 250 V when the SOP again reached the maximum power of 115 kW as set in the algorithm settings The voltage was then tapped down at 16 54 and the test was completed W 09 FUN LV X03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 13 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 Pese Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK 2 200 l 1 i InverterA 1 l 180 SOP reaches 7v InverterB power limit l 160 InverterC i SOP increases I 140 current to l i i l 120 maintain voltage Ii t I 100 SOP reduces 5 SOP supports id output as v 80 low voltage by v ltage increase exporti
116. cabinets Current transformer clamps FLUKE i1000s clamps were installed on the PowerLock cables connecting to each inverter on each phase and the neutral The FLUKEs were configured to take recordings of average values over intervals of 5 s For all test results reported the following convention is used to indicate direction of power flow Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 11 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 DEMONSTRATION CENTRE iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device Table 3 Power flow convention in relation to HMI interface HMI setting Power flow direction from SOP inverter Graph value Positive Export Positive Negative Import Negative During the commissioning stage and prior to commencing the first test it was found that the SOP was not functioning effectively at the default network voltage level TPS asked that the voltage of the network be reduced To accommodate this the tap setting of the 11 11 kV isolation transformer feeding the 11 kV network was decreased to lower the voltage of the LV network for most of the test programme the original voltage was 250 V and the final voltage after tap reduction was 235 V This temporarily resolved the issue which was later solved by TPS by 1 increasing the voltage output limits on the resonant controllers within the SOP and at a later stage 2 applying a further incr
117. can no longer deliver capacity sharing Only functions that rely on local measurements can be enabled Labels will be placed in link boxes indicating that that link box is part of the FUN LV demonstration and the Control Engineer should be contacted before any linking takes place If a substation has a mobile generator supplying customers then as the transformer demand cannot be determined only functions that rely on local measurements can be enabled for that port UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 16 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 18 Software Upgrade A procedure to upgrade the software on the PED PLC including the algorithm has been developed preventing the need to carry out a site visit The PED must be disabled by Control and a programme update flag set allowing a script to run from the Software Configuration Manager Server 19 Points of Isolation The control engineer sends a System disabled to the PED The PED control system reduces transfers and sets the PED to standby mode and opens the remote control circuit breakers within the PED The Control Engineer will be able to confirm the CB status is open Field staff can now confirm the CB status by opening the PED control panel door Fuselinks can be removed to establish the point of isolation as per the Distribution Safety Rules 20 Asset Registration All assets connected to distrib
118. ches can be added e g 4 5 will provide In x 0 88 554 A DIP1 up DIP2 up DIP3 up DIPA up DIP5 up In x 0 02 In x 0 04 In x 0 08 In x 0 16 In x 0 32 rom 1 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE S Short DIP switches can be added e g 1 2 will provide In x 1 8 1008A 12 0 0 DIP1 up DIP2 up DIP3 up DIP4 up wir ws 0 05s wheni gt 8xIn LL p t2 Up Up up 05s when i 8 x In Immediate DIP switches can be added e g 2 will provide In x 2 5 1575A Down Electronic Onat50 unbalanced gt 50 of phase On at 100 unbalanced gt 100 of phase Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 118 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE G Ground fault DIP switches can be added e g 3 will provide In x 0 55 346A w Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 119 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 9 APPENDIX C SOP OPERATING MANUAL FOR TESTING AT THE PNDC Unlock procedure within the SOP TPS responsibili
119. confirmed DC link is stable using TPS monitoring equipment At 11 42 using HMI set a Inverter B export to 100 kW b Inverter C export to 100 kW This was sustained for a period of 1 min At 11 44 using HMI set a Inverter B to O kW b Inverter C to O kW At 11 46 TPS wanted to check the voltage so the above step was repeated by setting HMI a Inverter B export to 100kW b Inverter C export to 100kW Phase voltages were observed as inverter A 228 V inverter B 235 V and inverter C 235 V At 11 47 via the HMI set a Inverter B to O kW b Inverter C to O kW Increased PNDC network voltage to 240V and the following phase voltages were observed inverter A 242V inverter B 242 V inverter C 242 V At 11 51 to determine if the SOP terminal voltage changes when the SOP is disabled the SOP was disabled and it was noted the network voltage decreased to approximately 237 V on all inverters At 11 53 the network voltage was increased to approximately 242V on all inverters with the SOP disabled At 11 53 SOP was enabled via HMI The HMI state after 20secs was confirmed as 12 22 22 It was noted that the DC link voltage was 770 V At 11 55 it was noted that the inverter voltages were at 247V From this response it was concluded that enabling the SOP increases the inverters terminal phase voltage by approximately 5V At 11 55 via the HMI set a Inverter B export 100kW b Inverter C export 100kW At 11 57 it was noted that the inverter
120. cted based on the frequency protection settings when the frequency increases beyond the 49 5Hz threshold the SOP should leave the inhibit state after a 5 s delay 300 250 200 Frequency SOP enters inhibit state indicated by current output decreasing to O A 150 Phase A voltage Phase A current 100 Voltage V and Current A 50 10 10 00 10 15 00 10 20 00 10 25 00 10 30 00 10 35 00 Time HH MM Figure 75 Frequency test part 1 Inverter A phase A RMS current phase A RMS voltage and network 10 11 frequency Figure 76 shows the remaining test plan steps Please note each step is indicated on the graph with its corresponding number e g the step 8 is shown on the bottom of the graph as 8 The next stage in this test was to evaluate the band 2 under frequency protection by decreasing the frequency to 47 3 Hz When the frequency was reduced to this level it caused the undervoltage protection in the primary substation of the PNDC network to operate to isolate the network To work around this protection setting the network voltage was increased from 230 V to 240 V The frequency was then decreased to 47 3 Hz and the SOP entered an inhibit state in less than 1 s This is the expected operation and time delay for band 2 under frequency protection The frequency was then increased to 50 Hz and the SOP exited the inhibit state within approximately 30 s Please note the tes
121. ctions using modified carrier with 4mm plug Spine circuit monitored peace Multi terminal PED doors removed LV distribution board connections UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 27 of 27 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device Document No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Classification Unrestricted 12 June 2015 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 2015 Form Rev 1 0 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Document Information Title Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device Document No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Classification Unrestricted Client UK Power Networks UKPN Document Authoring Review and Approval Prepared By Dr Kyle Jennett Reviewed By Dr Campbell Booth amp Mr Alan Dunn Authorised By Dr Federico Coffele Date of Issue 12 June 2015 Project Contributors The following people contributed to this project Dr Kyle Jennett Document Distribution Peter Lang UK Power Networks PNDC Document Archive University of Strathclyde COPYRIGHT The University of Strathclyde 2015 The ownership of the content of the document and its contents are defined in the research and development agreement NET 14 00499 between UKPN and the Univ
122. d to voltage support load support reactive power support and phase unbalance It makes these control decisions based on measurement data it receives from the RTU and from local measurements within the SOP hardware To implement these control decisions the algorithm sends set points to the Inverter Control Cards ICCs contained within each of the inverter units The ICCs implement the set points from the PLC by control of the inverters The ICCs also implement control actions based on local measurements within the SOP e g the protection functionality related to overcurrent and over under frequency protection is implemented by the ICC based on measurements taken at the terminals of each inverter GM substation D 200kVA Test bay E No 2 Loadbank 6 LV Monitoring Unit LV Monitoring Unit Transformer GM substation A 315kVA a a AE Test bay F s AYA quw grid muli LV Monitoring LV Monitoring Unit Unit Feeder Transformer LV Monitoring Unit Power Import to SOP Power Export from SOP Power Export from SOP Inverter C ICC 2 o Inverter A Inverter B 415V electrical cable 3phase neutral and earth fT DNP3 communication Current clamp Voltage probe nternal control measurement pT Programmable Logic Controller implements control algorithm p 2
123. de was disabled and the Q mode reactive power support mode was enabled to evaluate whether this was would impact the reactive power support functionality of the SOP algorithm 4 At12 23 the SOP was re enabled and the load bank was increased from 50 kVAr to 60 kVAr loaa of 82 A observed the Iset indicator was observed on the HMI and the SOP began oscillating current injection Figure 71 shows the active power output from all three SOP inverters and Figure 72 shows the reactive power output from all three SOP inverters In Figure 71 it can be seen that when the threshold is exceed the SOP starts oscillating between export and import of active power however in Figure 72 the reactive power input output from the SOP does not change from the pre set state other than a saw tooth wobble This response suggested that the reactive power support part of the algorithm was not operational and at this stage the test was stopped 40 35 30 25 20 Current A 15 10 12 05 12 10 12 15 12 20 12 25 12 30 12 35 Time HH MM Figure 70 SOP inverter B phase A RMS current Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 77 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 20 Active Power kW Inverter A Ptotal 0 12 05 12 10 12 20 L 20 Inverter B Ptotal
124. disabled via the HMI at 12 50 4 1 2 Results As the SOP was controlled to inject balanced three phase power the voltage current power and harmonic differences between phases on the same inverter was negligible and therefore they have not been reported here To compare the relative inputs and outputs between the SOP inverters the voltage current and harmonic recordings for phase A of each inverter have been graphed below For a breakdown of the test procedure please refer to the following Analysis section An annotated break down of this response is given in the following Analysis section The three phase active power recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 6 It should be noted that the SOP did not meet the settings defined via the HMI e g at 11 55 inverter B was set to export 200 kW but the measured response was approximately 164 kW The cause of this discrepancy appears to be due to the upper limit on the resonant controller being set too low In Load cycle test 1 the discrepancy between HMI set values and the measured values is also observed but in Load cycle test 2 after the upper limits on the resonant controller have been increased the discrepancy between the set and measured value is reduced to 5 5 kW TPS have advised that this smaller discrepancy is likely to be due to the power requirements of the SOP LCL filter and power electronics 350 300 250 200 InverterC 150 100 50 FEMA L coepi dius 0 nvert
125. does not evaluate the SOP s automatic mode of operation where it responds to measured and detected conditions automatically using its control scheme and embedded algorithms control system The testing plan is specified in 2 and the log from the test is listed in the following section 4 1 1 Log of test procedure The list below describes the procedure followed during testing as specified in the testing plan 2 1 The SOP was enabled as specified in the introduction of section 3 enabling the SOP begins the start up sequence and brings it to a ready state where it can be controlled to transfer power between the inverter terminals 2 Using the SOP HMI inverter B was set to export 50 kW from 0 kW in one 50 kW step See Figure 6 for the three phase active power response recorded from this test 3 Using the SOP HMI the inverter B setting was increased to export 200 kW in steps of 50 kW 4 This power injection was maintained at 200 kW export for 10 mins and then decreased via the HMI to 0 kW in one step 5 Usingthe SOP HMI inverter B and inverter C were set to a Inverter B export 50 kW from 0 kW in one 50 kW step b Inverter C export 80 kW from 0 kW in one 80 kW step 6 Using the SOP HMI inverter C was increased in 50 kW steps to export 315 kW final step from 280 kW to 315 kW This equates to 100 capacity of substation A 7 Using the SOP HMI inverter C was decreased to export 126 kW in one step 40 96 capacity of
126. e 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 35 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK Power SDRC 9 4 Pese Delivering your electricity transformer on either port A B or C the SOP should reduce import current W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 36 of 36
127. e SOP Threshold Name Voltage V Operation When voltage is greater than gt 250 threshold SOP should initiate support function for high voltage Voltage positive sequence upper threshold set When voltage is less than threshold lt 240 SOP should switch off support function for high voltage Voltage positive sequence upper threshold reset When voltage is greater than gt 230 threshold SOP should switch off support function for low voltage Voltage positive sequence lower threshold reset When voltage is less than threshold lt 220 SOP should initiate support function for low voltage Voltage positive sequence lower threshold set When a set is triggered the algorithm will ramp up integrate the output in order to solve the constraint When the set signal is released the algorithm will stop the integrate function and hold the output When the network constraint is no longer present a reset signal will be triggered Upon triggering of this reset signal the SOP will reduce the output towards zero W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 11 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 entice Delivering your electricity Demonstrat
128. e equipment from operating for a customer fault If a single phase to earth fault should occur the PED will sense the fault stop conducting current within 10ms and open the affected port circuit breaker The LV fuse will operate in accordance with its protection characteristic For a phase to phase fault the PED local VTs will sense two phases are similar stop conducting current within 10ms and open the affected port circuit breaker For a three phase fault the PED will sense the fault stop conducting current within 10ms and open the affected port circuit breaker The LV fuse will operate in accordance with its protection characteristic For an open circuit fault the PED local VTs will sense phases are no longer 120 apart stop conducting current within 10ms and open the affected port circuit breaker For a neutral fault the PED will continue to control the voltages On the London interconnected network where following a HV fault the existing LV groups of substations support one another the PED crossing a boundary will continue to support the groups On radial networks following a HV fault the customers connected to the affected substation will be off supply because the PED cannot supply an islanded network If the LV network is reconfigured e g by changing open points in link boxes then the functions delivered by the PED need to be considered If substation B is no longer directly connected to the PED via a spine circuit it
129. e of protection Band Frequency level Hz Inhibit time delay Over frequency 1 50 5Hz 1 minute Under frequency 1 49 5Hz 1 minute Over frequency 2 52Hz 10 ms Under frequency 2 47 5Hz 10 ms TPS have also advised that there is a 1 Hz hysteresis setting on the band 2 thresholds This is clearer if explained in the context of an example if the frequency exceeds 52 Hz continuously for 10 ms the SOP will enter the inhibit mode If the frequency then falls to 51 5 Hz the SOP will remain in inhibit mode due to the 1 Hz hysteresis If the frequency falls to 50 8 Hz within 1 min of breaching the 50 5 Hz band 1 threshold the SOP will not leave the inhibit state until the 1 minute time delay is complete The SOP will then enter an inhibit state when the 1 min interval is over band 1 protection There is also a 5 s delay on the reset So if the frequency then falls to 50 3 Hz which is within the allowed frequency band there will be a 5 s delay before the SOP leaves the inhibit mode There are five protection elements within the fault test numbered as shown in Figure 74 1 The SOP has software based protection with the following settings provided by TPS a Grid current protection i Long 575 Arms for 8 1 s 10 s reset when the fault has cleared ii Short 957 Arms for 450 ms 10 s reset when the fault has cleared iii Immediate 1496 A rms for 5 ms 10 s reset when the fault has cleared b Internal Inductor Protection 650 A
130. e phase The SOP did not supply the single phase reactive load as expected in this 4 7 reactive power N repeated MARNE ted reactive load as expected in this test test 21 04 2015 Pp Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 99 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE lt eli acl baits ENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device Test dates Rn Test Name Pass Significant observations Comments on Pass status When the voltage was reduced from the upper 21 04 2015 48 Voltage Partial limit and the voltage fell below the reset value The SOP achieved the objective of the test and exported active power to support test the SOP did not stop exporting active powerat support the network voltage the expected voltage reset threshold 1 This test has shown that the current output from the SOP oscillates when the algorithm trip AA E ee e randan This test evaluated the SOP communication systems ability to monitor the development and hasadvised that th n ki load current and transfer this information via the DNP3 communication version af the algoriihin v1 3 was used for this system to the SOP algorithm This test also evaluated the SOP algorithms test aid viSis the next iteration wil response to this information The test results demonstrate that the DNP3 End to end incorporate a predictive elementthat wili communication system oper
131. e project will do this by trialling three different types of power electronics device that is Methods 1 2 and 3 across 36 trial sites 24 in London and 12 in Brighton The dual terminal power electronics device PED as specified in EDS 09 0040 Dual Terminal Power Electronics Device is the project s Method 2 Four units will be installed in the interconnected LV networks of London four units in the radial London LV network and four units in the radial Brighton LV network Each PED is installed on the pavement and shares the capacity between two substations The transformer demand is monitored at each substation and is sent to the PED that determines whether capacity sharing is required LV monitoring systems have been installed at each substation in the trial to determine the demand of the transformer and guard the current flow of the spine circuit o Figure 1 Visualisation of PED installed on pavement 2 Scope This standard has been published because UK Power Networks is installing novel LV power electronics devices into distribution substations in London and Brighton as Soft Open Points which allow capacity sharing without increasing the fault level These devices are novel and as such are not covered by any existing manuals or guidance documents Operational staff and Network Control need to know what to do to ensure safety is maintained UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 5 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power
132. e to neutral overcurrent protection This was observed by TPS using the diagnostic equipment associated with the SOP These trips can be observed as voltage spikes at 11 04 11 54 and 12 17 This Neutral Current protection response may have been a result of the higher than anticipated reactive power increment at step 8 3 When the load via the load bank is increased it results in a voltage drop on all inverter terminals however the load steps are most pronounced on the inverter that is loaded inverter C where the step change in load can be observed Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 54 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 At higher loads the SOP current continued increasing beyond the initial load step This can be Observed as a ramping voltage when load step 8 was applied from 11 42 to 11 48 and when load step 9 was applied between 11 48 and 11 54 255 nverterA 250 SOP power output Load bank set to OKVA InverterB Set via HMI SOP enabled via HMI InverterC 29 PED uncontrolled cycling between SOP disabled via HMI turn off and self enable 240 End of test V 235 SOP enabled via HMI Repeat previous load steps with S different SOP settings 230 2 225 220 First load bank step applied 35kVA 1 MN 215 X SOP auto re enabled TT me
133. ease to the voltage output limits on the resonant controllers and also increasing the upper limit of the DC link Voltage increased to 775Vdc Both limits were increased by changing the settings on the SOP ICCs TPS have advised that the resonant controller is a feedback controller that produces a sine wave output based on input control values There is a dedicated resonant controller for each inverter The oscillation in the power output from the inverters was caused by the resonant controllers reaching their upper limits when the inverters were controlled to export power i e increase their AC terminal voltage In the later tests the upper limits of both the resonant controllers and the DC link voltage were increased to allow the inverters to export power by increasing their AC terminal voltage when the network voltage was at higher voltage levels i e greater than 235 V Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 12 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Len foe Goa y 1 0 415 11kV fel 1 H Test bay E 185mm2 aluminium cable Aia i 11kV grid No 2 a L Test bay F 185mm2 Aluminium cable No 2 Powerlock cable Powerlock cable Inverter Inverter A B Coolant system i Inverter HMI and Emergency Stop 415V electrical c
134. echarged Disconnect the 11 KV grid Wait 5mins Isolate and lock off the 2 incoming 3 phase mains grid supplies Break the connection to Substation I Isolate and lock off the power to the 3 phase cooling pump Unplug hub power supplies mains socket to SOP Disconnect the mains from the HMI and cooling fan Additional to turn off procedure for work within the SOP cabinets TPS responsibility 1 2 3 Wait for the DC Link to discharge This will take a minimum of 5 minutes the multimeter attached can be used to indicate the voltage level on the DC link before opening the 3 inverter cabinet doors Maximum allowable DC Link voltage is 35Vdc Test for dead in each cabinet using a proving unit and voltmeter Place the MCCBs in there locked position and lock off the MCCBs Emergency Stop Procedure 1 2 Press the remote emergency stop button connected to the SOP Press either of the emergency stop buttons within the test bay Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 121 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 3 Disconnect the 11 KV Grid 4 Break the connection to Substation I 5 The inverter cabinets should not be opened before a 5 minute discharge period has been observed the multimeter can be used to indicate the voltage level on the dc link maximum dc link vol
135. ed operation of the SOP is to transfer power directionality is dependent on undervoltage or overvoltage to maintain the inverter terminal voltage when a voltage threshold is reached upper and lower thresholds The testing plan is specified in 2 and the log from the test is listed in the following section For the purposes of this test the SOP inverter that was tested is inverter B as shown in Figure 59 This test evaluates the SOP s ability to detect a voltage change and implement corrective action to maintain the inverter terminal voltage at upper and lower voltage thresholds 4 8 1 Log of test procedure The network configuration for the voltage support test is shown in Figure 59 The voltage at the terminals of inverter B was modified by increasing and decreasing the three phase Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR shown in the diagram zi 8 BI Si med i et e B23 py 202 zi E 9 n 3 E LA Siis excl s MI 2 N MI 8 o N wo wn o d Test bay E No 2 Y 400V 11kV S uy i E i i Ed 8 SOP MI 6 3 Inverter C REM aed i 2 M substation A 315kV 2 4 66 3 S 5 0 1174j0 014 ohms 8 MI3 2 F MI 9 5 el Test bay E No 2 v Test bay E No 1 S j ia E 400V 11kV n wo 1 C pe HI L Not used 3 Inverter A 1 GM substation 500kV g 4 81 B PE EA o6 Test bay E No 2 400V TikV ZE 1 i i og SOP T Ee Inverter B Por s i 5 amp GM substation D 200kVA 4 8896 MI 4 MI 5 M
136. els will be placed in link boxes indicating that that link box is part of the FUN LV demonstration and the control engineer should be contacted before any linking takes place If a substation has a mobile generator supplying customers then as the transformer demand cannot be determined only functions that rely on local measurements can be enabled for that port 16 Software upgrade A procedure to upgrade the software on the PED PLC including the algorithm has been developed preventing the need to carry out a site visit The PED must be disabled by Control and a programme update flag set allowing a script to run from the Software Configuration Manager Server Refer to Figure 8 17 PowerOn Netmap and Geofield GE have produced an Advanced DMS system which has a dynamic LV network diagram with functionality similar to the HV network diagram showing energised states current flows and voltage analogues The Netmap diagram will not show any network changes as they all occur within the substation 18 PowerOn PED symbol PED Name d Ne Bulstrode S Figure 9 PowerOn PED Symbol Figure 10 Example of PED Symbol UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 18 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Selecting the PED symbol on the diagram a menu appears allowing the control engineer to navigate to a PED details view similar to control and analogue box This bo
137. ements A and C weightings at HMI setting Inverter B inverter C 170 kW 76 B A weighting N uw B C weighting 64 1 2 3 6 7 8 Location of measurement PN UU A Audio noise with assocaited rating dB o o o co o N N N N N U1 o N co o eo Figure 35 Noise measurements A and C weighting at HMI setting Inverter B 170 kW and inverter C 0 kW Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 40 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE z B Inverter B Inverter C 148kW 19 Inverter B 50kW Inverter C 80kW 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Location of measurement EMF 0 100kHz range V m Re o QO HP MN UO 4 Ui O OO tO Figure 36 EMF measurements 0 100kHz range 4 3 3 Conclusions This test was a repeat of the previous load cycle test and the objective of the test was the same The motivation for repeating the test was to evaluate the consistency of the SOP response when the SOP was controlled to inject the same current profile After the software update by TPS voltage output limit on the resonant controllers increased a secondary objective of this test was to evaluate any changes in response as a result of the update The test results confirm that the software update implemented at the end of load cycle test 1 removed the power oscillations observed in
138. en the feeder will export power from the feeder to the substation and the transformer will export power from the 400 V network to the 11 kV network Import In this report import power is defined as power flow from network to the load When load is connected to the 400 V network the power imported by the load will flow from the network through the transformer and feeder If only loads are connected to the feeder then the feeder will import power from the substation and the transformer will import power from the 11 kV network to the 400 V network W 09 FUN LV X03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 9 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer SDRC 9 4 3 Network Configuration The SOP at the PNDC was configured as follows Substation 500 kVA Feeder r7 AIkV 400V mu Measurement Transformer Measurement Inverter C Inverter B Inverter A Loadbank 1 Substation D 200 kVA 11kv 400V Figure 3 1 Diagram of the SOP connection at the PNDC UK Power Networks Delivering your electricity Substation A 315 kVA 11kV 400V W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Tr
139. en prepared to register each PED installation as defined in Appendix D UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 19 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Date 13 04 2015 Document Number EOS 09 0042 22 References DSR Distribution Safety Rules EDS 09 0039 Multi terminal Power Electronics Device EOP 12 0215 Asset Registration Recording New or Amended Asset Information in Ellipse EOS 01 0053 Installation and Operation of Monitoring Equipment on LV Distribution Equipment LPN _V1 00 _V1 00 _V1 00 FUNLV_SP_WS1_Site selection 3 4 SPN V1 00 FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 3 4 LPN V1 00 FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 3 1i LPN V1 00 FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 3 2i LPN V1 00 FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 3 3i FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 3 4i LPN LPN LPN V1 00 LPN V1 00 UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 20 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Appendix A General Arrangement Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 400kVA 400V MULTI TERMINAL PED RS 232 USB DNP3 ETHERNET HARDWIRED SIGNALS ANALOGUE DIGITAL 10 SUBSTATION SUPPLY C AUXPSU a PRE CHARGE L ANALOGUE DIGITAL O SUBSTATION SUPPLY B aT Ipre chance l ANALOGUE DIGITAL VO SUBSTATION SUPPLY A NEUTRA
140. ent import threshold set at feeder and transformer When current import is less than the lt 80 threshold SOP should switch off support function for import current Current import threshold reset at feeder and transformer When current export is greater than gt 100 the threshold SOP should initiate support function for export current Current export threshold set at feeder and transformer When current export is less than the lt 80 threshold SOP should switch off support function for export current Current export threshold reset at feeder and transformer W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 17 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 Fes e Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK 2 When a set is triggered the algorithm will ramp up integrate the output in order to solve the constraint When the set signal is released the algorithm will stop the integrate function and hold the output When the network constraint is no longer present a reset signal will be triggered Upon triggering of this reset signal the SOP will reduce the output towards zero This is shown in Figure 5 1 Input Current
141. ep changes However when the voltage is increased in steps the active power transfer immediately reaches the upper transfer limit when the voltage threshold is exceeded Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 67 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE Ng POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 150 InverterA 100 InverterB InverterC Z 50 S D 0 TL z o a E 5 50 o lt 100 150 15 10 15 30 15 50 16 10 16 30 16 50 17 10 Time HH MM Figure 62 Total three phase active power from SOP The total three phase reactive power transfer at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 63 The reactive power transfer remains positive i e out of the SOP for the duration of the test When the voltage on inverter B is decreased the reactive power transfer from inverter B decreases and when the voltage increases the reactive power transfer from inverter B increases Inverter A appears to compensate for the reactive power transfer at inverter B Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 68 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ir UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 30 nverterA 25 nverterB InverterC 20 15 10 Ractive Power Total kVAr 15 10 15 30 15 50 16 10 16
142. er phase Power per phase 250 250 250 200 200 200 150 150 150 lt a 100 100 100 50 50 50 0 0 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Hour HH MM Hour HH MM a0 Reactive Power per phase i Reactive Power per phase Reactive Power per phase 60 60 60 c i ze 40 40 20 20 20 0 0 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Hour HH MM Hour HH MM 256 Voltage per phase Voltage per phase 255 Voltage per phase S 250 250 250 E 5 245 245 245 240 240 240 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Hour HH MM Hour HH MM urrent per ph urrent per pha urren r ph 06 Current per phase 3508 Current per phase Current per phase 1000 1000 1000 S 800 800 800 2 600 600 600 400 400 400 200 200 200 0 i 0 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Hour HH MM Hour HH MM Figure 7 2 Measurements from the transformer during event 1 W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office
143. erA nverterB 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 11 45 11 55 12 05 12 15 12 25 12 35 12 45 Time HH MM Active Power kW Figure 6 Three phase active power recorded at SOP terminals The phase A RMS voltage recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 7 The y axis has been scaled to illustrate the voltage difference between the inverters the voltage prior to 11 42 and post 13 24 was recorded atO V Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 17 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 244 nverterA 242 nverterB 240 nverterC 238 236 234 232 Voltage V 230 228 226 224 222 11 35 11 45 11 55 12 05 12 15 12 25 12 35 12 45 Time HH MM Figure 7 Phase A RMS voltage recorded at SOP terminals The phase A RMS current recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 8 500 nverterA 450 nverterB 400 nverterC Current A N N Ww U9 o uw Q uw o o o o m e UI O 100 50 0 11 45 11 55 12 05 12 15 12 25 12 35 12 45 Time HH MM Figure 8 Phase A current recorded at SOP terminals The three phase reactive power recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 9 It should be noted that the reactive power of the SOP was not controlled via the HMI during this test Doc
144. ersity of Strathclyde Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 1 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objective of this project is to test UKPN s Soft Open Point SOP Power Electronic Device PED under different network operational scenarios at the Power Networks Demonstration Centre PNDC The test programme is designed to evaluate the SOP s response to typical network events in order to better understand its operation prior to it being deployed on UKPN s Low Voltage LV network By testing at the PNDC the evaluation of the SOP s response can be accelerated by applying many different network events in succession as opposed to waiting for them to occur naturally when the unit is operating within UKPN s LV network This also allows the SOP operation in situations that may seldom be encountered in practice to be evaluated The SOP is designed to allow meshed interconnected LV network operation and control of power flow across the open point The SOP facilitates voltage support and improved voltage profiles deferred or avoided investment in reinforcement and installation of additional LV network infrastructure reactive power support independent of real power transfer phase unbalance improvement by injection of negative and zero sequence currents by the
145. erterA nverterB 3 5 nverterC 3 0 2 5 2 0 T 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 0 11 30 12 30 13 30 14 30 15 30 16 30 Time HH MM Figure 31 Phase A THDv recorded at SOP terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 38 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 60 nverterA nverterB 50 nverterC 40 30 THDi 20 10 11 30 12 30 13 30 14 30 15 30 16 30 Time HH MM Figure 32 Phase A THDi recorded at SOP terminals 15 M e Location 1 e Location 2 Ww e Location 3 EY N Tempearture oC p A e Location 4 e e e Location 5 e Location 6 b3 o e Location 7 e Location 8 11 30 12 00 12 30 13 00 13 30 14 00 14 30 15 00 15 30 16 00 16 30 17 00 Time HH MM Figure 33 Temperature measurements on SOP surface Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 39 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 76 BA ES M Ui ac ES 64 1 2 3 Location of measurement e N U A O N CO OO Audio noise with assocaited rating dB co o co o a N N N N o Ui Figure 34 Noise measur
146. erved to unexpectedly trip off at 13 04 5 Atthis point the test was stopped From this response and a discussion with TPS it was concluded that the cause of the uncontrolled SOP trip off was caused by neutral overcurrent protection operating It Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 60 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE is believed that the reason the SOP continued to increase and did not achieve a stable current injection is because at this stage in the test the DNP3 communication system was not operational Therefore the algorithm running on the PLC within the SOP did not achieve the necessary reset threshold needed to stop current injection In the End to End test reported in section 4 9 the DNP3 communication system was operational and a three phase reactive load was applied In this instance the SOP does not support the reactive load This suggests that there may be a problem relating to the reactive power support part of the algorithm as it is has already been demonstrated that the SOP hardware is capable of injecting reactive power up to Q3phase Of 47 1 kVAr and Qaphase Of 55 4 kVAr in section 4 4 4 7 2 Results and Analysis The phase A voltage recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 55 255 Phase A load of 12kVAr 0 7kW Pa PED enabled Uncontrolled SOP
147. ery Reward Criteria SOP Soft Open Point SPN South Eastern Power Networks UKPN UK Power Networks W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 5 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 ier Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK e 2 1 Introduction This report demonstrates autonomous power transfer between connected substations based on operational data for a three port SOP The objective of the SOP is to transfer power between difference substations within the 400 V distribution network in order to solve network constraints If one circuit is constrained because of high voltage or over current at the feeder or substation and is connected via the SOP to another circuit that is not constrained the remaining capacity in the unconstrained circuit may be used to support the constrained circuit The SOP was tested at the Power Networks Demonstration Centre PNDC in Cumbernauld Scotland The PNDC is a venture between the University of Strathclyde Scottish Enterprise the Scottish Funding Council Scottish Power and Scottish and Southern Energy aimed at accelerating the adoption of novel research and technologies into the electricity industry
148. es to incorrect parameters autonomous power transfer Parameters tuned Ju ALMAE 1e JU UE S Inverter A Ptotal Inverter B Ptotal Inverter C Ptotal 10 15 10 30 10 45 11 00 11 15 11 30 11 45 12 00 Time HH MM Figure 5 3 Power exported and imported at the terminal of the SOP as measured by an external power analyser positive power is export and negative power is import W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 20 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK Power SDRC 9 4 roux Delivering your electricity 6 Network Configuration at Church Street The SOP at the Church Street substation in Brighton was configured as shown in Figure 6 1 Church Street 1 MVA i 11kV 400V nS _ Other Ways i x MX sx b L j Feeder ui d x Measurement Transformer 300 mm cable Measurement Inverter Inverter Inverter A B C Customer Customer Loads Loads Substation 1 MVA Substation 1 MVA 3 11kV 400V E r 11kV 400V 3 3 qe cq E HE EH i Lu xz usu E I o mes ees mem etl Figure 6 1 Diagram of the SOP connection at Church Street one of the sites selected for the field trials W 09 FUN LV 0
149. eserved 5 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 3 Glossary and Abbreviations Term Definition CB Circuit Breaker DMS Distribution Management System Ellipse UK Power Networks Asset Register soon to be integrated into SAP as per Business Transformation FUN LV Flexible Urban Networks LV HMI Human Machine Interface IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor LCNF Low Carbon Networks Fund LPN London Power Networks NetMap UK Power Networks graphical information system GIS PED Power Electronics Device PLC Programmable Logic Controller PowerOn fusion UK Power Networks DMS RTU Remote Telemetry Unit S SA This substation is the one where the PED is normally installed S S B and S S C These substations are the donor substations connected via the Spine circuits SCM Server Software Configuration Management Server SOP Soft Open Point SPN South Eastern Power Networks UK Power Networks UK Power Networks Operations Ltd consists of three electricity distribution networks e Eastern Power Networks plc EPN e London Power Network plc LPN e South Eastern Power Networks plc SPN VT Voltage Transformer or Voltage Transducer 4 Definitions LV Only substation This is a LPN substation containing a LV distribution board only with space available for a transformer and R
150. et ide tes e eO RR E ete duce Ric ada mie Reds 14 Figure 8 Communications architeeture ecco esae orae te tert rn te eraot eite ste Ponga e prd iu 15 Figure 9 PowerOn PED Symbol 3 Re te gu em he dee tona hd keen 18 Figure 10 Example of PED Symbol rro tetto Ro eoe ERU ext o e hen pac f poma 18 Figure 11 Combined Control and Analogue Box sse 19 Tables Table 1A SPIN radial Siles oti LE Deb eee E CHI LEE Lon LE b Ln eR LEER LED hen 9 Table 2 LPN radial SNS ob ertt e eec A M EU axe deR 9 Table 3 LPN interconnected sites eesssssesessessesseeeeeeeeneeenen nennen nnne 9 UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 4 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 1 Introduction The overarching aim of the Flexible Urban Networks LV FUN LV project is to explore the use of power electronics to enable deferral of reinforcement and facilitate the connection of low carbon technologies and distributed generation in urban areas by meshing existing radial networks and by removing boundaries within existing meshed networks The project will do this by trialling three different types of power electronics device that is Methods 1 2 and 3 across 36 trial sites 24 in London and 12 in Brighton The multi terminal power electronics device PED as specified in EDS 09 0039 is the project s Method 3 Four units will be ins
151. et to 50 A has been exceeded again and begins increasing the current injection from the SOP This results in the oscillating process repeating The result of this process is an oscillating current that doesn t reach a stable level The parameters that influence the nature and stability of the oscillation are Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 75 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE The RTU update rate The Iset threshold The lreset threshold Rate of current injection increase Three phase load bank 6 load Woe wp lie eere Test bay E No 2 ae 400V 11kV SOP Inverter B GM substation D 200kVA 4 88 I A lioad 55A fM 50A Ps ek JEN oon sop Isug fer 40A i t min Omin 1mi 2min Figure 69 Example of current oscillation in end to end test The next stage of this test involved modifying the above parameters to see if stable current injection could be achieved Table 5 shows the different settings for each period shown in Figure 68 within period 6 approximately 11 46 stable current injection was achieved with the settings shown in Table 5 In periods 1 5 stable current injection was not achieved Table 5 Modified parameters for control of SOP oscillation Period RTU
152. gnal for the graph Tx Load Low for port A and the reset signal for the graph in Tx Load Hi for Port B is changing This is expected and the dead band between the set and reset setting is designed to prevent the SOP from ramping up and ramping down and to prevent the SOP form making transfers for only a small amount of equalisation The effect of the SOP on the transformer load is visible in Figure 7 6 The load on Port A can be seen to be increasing from 50 kW to 100 kW and being reduced from 200 kW to 150 kW for Port B The load at Port C is already 150 KW and this does not need increasing or decreasing The autonomous power transfer for phase L1 of the SOP is shown in Figure 7 8 which is the same data as shown in Figure 7 5 W 09 FUN LV X03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 28 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power Networks Delivering your electricity 12 Aug 2015 14 35 00 12 Aug 2015 16 25 00 SOP PortA Power per phase SOP Port B Power per phase SOP Port C Power per phase SOP increases a0 50 output 0 0 50 50 i 5 05 15 35 16 05 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 SOP finds steady Ho
153. hclyde 12 06 2015 I UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device N N U1 o DEMONSTRATION CENTRE B A weighting B C weighting 62 1 il 3 4 7 8 9 10 13 14 Location of measurement N N w 5 Audio noise with assocaited rating dB DNA 0 0 0 0 O NN wow funn OO O O F N Figure 43 Noise measurement at HMI setting Inverter B and Inverter C export 74 kW The EMF measurements recorded at the HMI setting of inverter B and inverter C set to export 170 kW 100 loading and inverter B and inverter C set to export 74 kW 50 loading is shown in Figure 44 It can be observed that in nearly all cases the EMF is higher at the higher power output It can also be observed that the highest measurement was observed at location 11 the cause of this higher reading is unknown but it does correspond to a high reading for this location of the SOP right hand side in the previous EMF measurements sections 4 2 and 4 3 Unexpectedly location 2 has a higher EMF reading than location 1 which is physically closer to the SOP The cause of this higher than expected measurement is attributed to the measurement location being in close proximity to the coolant system The EMF specification provided by TPS taken from 1998 ICNIRP exposure guidelines 8 states that the electric field should not exceed 9 0 kvm for 1 m and 2 m measurements from the device It can be observed that
154. he SOP should not have caused this voltage rise In this test the PNDC network is grid 1 http www test meter co uk metrix biotest vx0100 electric field strength meter http www amprobe com amprobe auen environmental test sound amp sm 10 htm pid 73334 3 http www testolimited com testo 905 t2 compact surface thermometer Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 27 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE connected i e not supplied via the MG set and it is therefore probable that this voltage increase was caused by external network events and not influenced by the SOP control It can also be observed that when the SOP tripped unexpectedly a step change in voltage was observed on all inverters e g between 13 08 and 13 13 Please note as previously stated the voltage is measured at the terminals of the SOP and is influenced by 1 the SOP injecting or exporting power and 2 the PNDC network When the SOP trips unexpectedly and stops injecting or exporting power the voltage at the terminals of all of the SOP inverters returns to the PNDC network voltage 246 nverterA 244 nverterB InverterC 242 240 238 Voltage V NA N Ww WwW B oo N w N 230 228 226 09 30 10 30 11 30 12 30 13 30 14 30 15 30 16 30 Time HH MM Figure 17 Phase A
155. he minimum increment of reactive power at the output of the SOP If the SOP starts to hunt then reduce this value 2 kVar s GO rate The increment of Siemens at the output of the SOP scaled by 10 for the zero sequence conductance support 50 dS G2 rate The increment of Siemens at the output of the SOP scaled by 10 for the negative sequence conductance support 50 dS GO limit G2 limit Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 114 of 122 The maximum Siemens that the SOP may set for solving negative sequence voltage The maximum Siemens that the SOP may set for 10 000 dS 10 000 dS Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE solving zero sequence voltage Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 115 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 8 APPENDIX B SOP CIRCUIT BREAKER PROTECT The DIP switches are set for L S I G PR222DS P PR222DS PD and PR223DS Protection functions and parameterisations setting oT KH step 0 02 xh h i setting TRC 60947 2 Standard ihe O40 txIn step G Otxin Tp between 1 1 1 9 xl iAgainst chort creut wer Manual se
156. hip This means that if the VO set and VO reset thresholds are set to 2 V the measured zero sequence voltage needs to be 3 V to exceed the VO set threshold and 1 V to be less than the VO reset threshold Table 4 HMI settings for phase unbalance improvement test Setting name Original Final VO set 5V 2V V2 set 2V 2V 3 Inthe second test it can be observed that the SOP begins injecting current into phase A at load profile step 6 36 7 kW 7 1 kVAr Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 55 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 I UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 420 70 410 400 Phase A Inverter A injecting current into phase A Phase B 60 390 No current injection into phase A 380 J Phase C 370 Neutral j Yi 50 _ 360 cx fod red 340 3 330 Sa 2 0 y J o 320 ZZ EMIT a ELLA We i AH ee ae Ma amp 310 as E 300 is 20 290 280 T 270 260 250 0 10 30 10 40 10 50 11 00 11 10 11 20 11 30 11 40 11 50 12 00 12 10 12 20 12 30 12 40 Time HH MM Figure 50 Inverter C RMS current three phase and neutral The phase voltages and phase A current at the time the SOP begins injecting current is shown in Figure 51 It can be observed that that the phase A voltage at this time is approximately 216 32V The zero sequence voltage is calculated
157. hows the SOP importing power from Port A and exporting power to Port B In the power graph of Figure 7 2 it can be seen that the load on Port A increases and the load on Port B decreases At 13 17 the graph Tx Load Hi in Figure 7 3 shows the SOP close to solving the transformer load and the set signal starts to change from a high state to a low state Consequently the SOP holds the output on Port B as can be seen by the power demand in Figure 7 1 for Port B not changing While the condition on Port B has been solved the requirement for Port A has not been solved None of the real power transfer support functions for Port C are set and the algorithm starts to export power into Port C in order to increase the import from Port A The export of power into Port C causes the voltage to slightly rise and the voltage asset guarding feature for high voltage then reduces the export power to zero The increase and decrease of real power on Port C between 13 17 and 13 25 can be seen in Figure 7 1 When the algorithm is reducing the export power on Port C it decides to increase the export power on Port B as opposed to decreasing the import port on Port A While the SOP is solving the asset guarding requirement the power output for Port A does not change Figure 7 3 shows that between 13 35 and 13 40 the transformer for Port A has increased the loading and has a greater load with respect to its capacity than the average loaded across the other transformers It w
158. igh 15 05 15 35 16 05 Tx Load Low 15 05 15 35 16 05 Figure 7 7 Status of the thresholds in the algorithm for event 2 W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 31 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 P kW 60 40 20 20 40 60 80 14 35 Power Networks Delivering your electricity SOP Real Power Transfer 12 Aug 2015 14 35 00 12 Aug 2015 16 25 00 Port A Pot B SOP increases Port C output SOP finds steady state operating point 14 45 14 55 15 05 15 15 15 25 15 35 15 45 15 55 16 05 16 15 16 25 Hour HH MM Figure 7 8 Comparison of the SOP power export on phase L1 for all three ports for event 2 W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 32 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power Networks Delivering your electricity 8 Conclusion This report has demonstrated th
159. imes during the test TPS have been consulted and have been unable to identify a cause for the trips They have advised that they have resolved issues relating to the inverter IGBTs and MCCB closing circuitry maloperating and this may have been a cause for the uncontrolled trips Under the guidance of TPS the SOP was restarted following the process listed below a SOPtrip 1 SOP restarted by disabling and then re enabling the SOP using the HMI interface b SOP trip 2 SOP current injection dropped to zero but returned to nominal without external intervention c SOPtrip 3 SOP restarted by disabling and then re enabling the SOP using the HMI interface At the end of this test operational control of the SOP was returned to TPS and a software update was applied to the SOP This update increased the voltage output limit on the resonant controllers As will be observed in the load cycle test 2 graphs this setting change removed the power oscillations observed during this test see the introduction on the test setup at the beginning of section 4 for an explanation of the purpose of the resonant controller The power quality temperature audio and EMF data from the test is graphed below The phase ARMS voltage recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 17 It can be observed from this graph that the recorded voltage increases as the test progresses by approximately 4 V The cause of this voltage ramp is unknown TPS have advised that t
160. indicative of a large amount of low frequency noise The audio noise measurements recorded at HMI settings of inverter B set to export 170 kW and inverter C set to 0 kW are shown in Figure 25 It can be observed that the ratio of noise between locations is similar to the response observed in Figure 24 however the noise level is less at the lower power export settings for nearly all locations This suggests that as one would expect the noise level increases as the SOP is controlled to output more power 76 HA E M Ui mC E 64 Location of measurement nn DA N N N N yN OY N O0 O O e N W Ff Audio noise with assocaited rating dB o Ui Figure 24 Noise measurement at HMI setting inverter B and inverter C set to export 170 kW 76 B A weighting m C weighting 64 1 2 3 6 7 8 Location of measurement N e N UC A Ui Oo N O0 o Audio noise with assocaited rating dB o o o o P N N N N o Ui Figure 25 Noise measurement at HMI setting inverter B set to export 170 kW and inverter C set to 0 kW Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 33 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE The EMF measurements recorded at 1 HMI setting of inverter B and inverter C set to export 170 kW 100 96 loading and 2 inverter B set to expor
161. ings are 0 kW and 0 kVAr on HMI the SOP begins importing and exporting active and reactive power TPS have advised that this power transfer is related to the power requirements of the SOP to turn on and operate in a standby mode i e to supply power to the SOP LCL filters and power electronics without actively transferring power either due to manual via HMI or algorithm control Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 25 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 2 Load cycle test 1 The objective of this test is to record the operation of the SOP when inverter A is controlled to follow the current A profile listed below e 2hat450A e that225A e 2hat 450A In this test the FLUKE 435 power quality analysers were used to record power quality at the terminal of the SOP The audio noise surface temperature and EMF were recorded at locations on and around the SOP as shown in Figure 16 The blue circles indicate EMF and audio measurement locations and the red circles indicate surface temperature measurement locations This test evaluates the SOP s capability to supply there phase active power over an extended timescale This test also evaluates the audio noise generated by the SOP at different power outputs the temperature the surface of the SOP reaches when supplying power over an ex
162. int Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Test bay E No 2 i 400V 11kV Inverter B IE s 5 GM substation D 200kVA 4 8896 0 117 j0 014 ohms Test bay E No 1 Figure 74 Fault thrower protection operation 4 10 2 Results and Analysis 4 10 2 1 Frequency test Figure 75 shows test plan steps 1 3 The frequency is shown in the y axis on the left hand side and inverter A phase A voltage and current are shown on the y axis on the right hand side The other phases have been omitted from the graph as the response is balanced across all three phases The other inverter responses have also been omitted from the graph as they match the response of inverter A the same frequency is applied to all inverters simultaneously during this test 1 The SOP was enabled see introduction of section 3 for explanation and using the SOP HMI inverter B and inverter C were set to a Inverter B export 32 kW and 24kVAr from 0 kW and OkVAr in one step b Inverter C export 32 kW and 24kVAr from 0 kW and OkVAr in one step 2 The frequency is then decreased to 49 7 Hz and the SOP was observed to not enter an inhibit state over a three minute period This is expected behaviour from the SOP frequency protection 3 The frequency is then decreased to 49 3 Hz and the SOP did not enter an inhibit state after one minute This is unexpected behaviour based on the frequency protection settings when the frequency is decreased below
163. ion A 315kVA Test bay F No 2 1 11 0 415kV 11kV grid ve Ald 1 1 pen AARNEN J GM substation 500kVA LV Monitoring Unit Transformer LV Monitoring Unit Feeder Power Import to SOP Power Export from SOP Power Export from SOP LV Monitoring va Unit v3 Inverter C ICC 1 1 fal o 2 o Inverter A Inverter B 415V electrical cable 3phase neutral and earth rmm mms DNP3 communication Current clamp Voltage probe Internal control measurement H Programmable Logic Controller implements control algorithm tt Figure 65 SOP configuration for the end to end test For the purposes of the End to End test the parts of the algorithm relating to substation load support were enabled via the SOP HMI Specifically this included e V1 voltage high e V1 voltage low e V2 e VO e Feeder import high e Feeder export high e Transformer import high e Transformer export high e P mode e Qmode For a detailed explanation of the HMI screens and the algorithm controls specifically the setting for this test see Appendix A The information contained within this appendix was prepared by Imperial College London The thresholds within the algorithm relating to the feeder current on inverter B were lowered so that the algorithm would react when load bank 6 was increased Origi
164. ion is required Constraint function A constraint function is a constraint on the network that the port is connected to Each constraint function has an associated threshold Constraint functions include the SOP terminal voltage feeder current and transformer current Support function A support function is an action that the SOP has available in order to support the constraint function Algorithm function An algorithm function is a function or block within the algorithm The SOP algorithm is partitioned into many algorithm functions W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 8 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power Networks Delivering your electricity Port The SOP consists of three ports Each port is connected to a common DC bus bar and a different way on the AC LV distribution board Export In this report export power is defined as power flow from distributed generation sources to the network When distributed generation is connected to the 400 V network the power exported by the generation will flow from the source through the cable and to the 400 V substations If only distributed generation is connected to the feeder th
165. ion of Autonomous Power Transfer UK 2 Voltage above set thr snold Input Voltage 260 T T T i Voltage in between set and reset A a mas Gs ac threshold S 250 7 3 9 Lj aM tee re R ERR fad i SR EXT US 2 potet Voltage below set Voltage below gt 230 i 1 i threshold reset threshold 220 1 i i i 1 I i cr cd i 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Reference P SOP holds output 30 T T T T r T T T 2 No operation of SOP increases i SOP reduces ra SOP until voltage output Y output 10 above set threshold I 0 1 i i i 1 fi i i fi 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7O 80 90 100 Samples Figure 4 1 Graph showing a simplified operation of the controller Figure 4 1 shows a simplified operation of the integral with hysteresis controller The set threshold is set at 250 V and the reset threshold is set at 240 V The measured voltage which is an input to the controller is shown in the top graph and the response of the controller which is the power reference and output of the controller is shown in the bottom graph When the input voltage as measured by the controller is above 250 V which is between samples 40 and 65 then the output of the controller increases as seen in the bottom graph When the input voltage is between 240 V and 250 V then the output of the controller is held as shown in samples 65 to 75 When the input voltage is below 24
166. it name Port B circuit name Port C circuit name UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 26 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix E Example of Operational Instruction Card Read Before Any Operational Activity This substation has a power electronics device PED that shares capacity between substations Contact LV Control informing them of Staff on site You can work in this substation without having to switch off this device If you need to work on one of the circuits with modified fuse carriers contact LV Control who will switch off the PED The PED requires the transformer demand which is measured using the LV monitoring equipment See EOS 01 0053 If you need to work on the circuit with the LV monitoring equipment contact LV Control who will switch off the PED Once the PED is disabled the cables from the PED to the distribution board can be removed allowing conventional fusing and linking to take place In the event of a LV fault affecting the sharing circuit the PED will shutdown automatically Once the fault has been repaired the PED can be returned to service Engineering Operating Standard EOS 09 0042 has being written explaining how to operate this device If you need further information please contact Control in the first instance who will contact one of the FUN LV team Voltage conne
167. ity distribution networks e Eastern Power Networks plc EPN e London Power Network plc LPN e South Eastern Power Networks plc SPN VT Voltage Transformer or Voltage Transducer UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 6 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 4 Definitions Soft Open Point A point on the network where two networks are joined together to share capacity without increasing the prospective short circuit current Spine circuit This is the LV feeder that joins two distribution substations together to enable capacity sharing Based on LPN interconnected LV network design terminology Supplier Turbo Power Systems TPS 5 Basic Description The dual terminal PED consists of two 240kW inverters joined to a common dc busbar and a neutral inverter The power converters are mounted directly on the reverse side of the heat sink The PED is forced air cooled The basic operation of power electronics is described in Appendix C The cabinet comprises five enclosures one control two filter and two inverter enclosures The PED controller receives measured demand values from remote substations and local analogues An algorithm developed by Imperial College takes these values and determines which function should be delivered The expected functions are Real power transfer Reactive power support Voltage
168. l issue between the algorithm voltage support and current support functionality 3 The test also demonstrated that the SOP failed to operate as expected when supplying the inductive load Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 79 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 10 Fault and frequency test There are two parts to this test The objective of the first part is to confirm the different over under frequency protection limits are operational on the SOP The objective of the second part is to confirm the SOP limits its output current when faults are applied close to its terminals For this test three 400 V faults of different types phase earth phase phase and three phase were applied close to the inverter B terminals and a phase earth 11 kV fault was applied downstream of the feeder supplying substation A and D 4 10 1 Method The network configuration for this test is shown in Figure 73 The network frequency was controlled using the Motor Generator MG set and the faults were applied at Test bay E No 1 The fault thrower is configurable so that a single phase to earth fault a phase phase fault or a three phase fault can be applied Lu oi ei gi a Qi N N 31 Oo e EE 22 eu E 3i o 2 D Es 2 Im S o 3 wn Test bay E No 2 EU E 400V 1ik
169. later stage in the test program by increasing the allowed threshold of the DC link in the ICCs It should be noted that the same oscillation was not observed at the other maximum reactive output setting i e HMI setting 126 kW and 50 kVAr Please note due to the reversed polarity of the HMI interface at this HMI setting i e HMI setting 126 kW and 50 kVAr the SOP was importing reactive power 2 When the SOP was initially controlled to inject active power the SOP was also observed to inject reactive power from all three inverters inverter A exporting 30 kVAr inverter B exporting 7 7 kVAr and inverter C exporting 3 9 kVAr This offset influenced the control of the SOP by introducing an offset on all settings i e a setting of inverter C 50 kVAr equated to a response of 47 1 kVAr and a setting of inverter C 50 kVAr equated to a response of 55 4 kVAr Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 45 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 5 Additional test repeat of EMF and audio tests and measurements at increasing distances from SOP This test is a repeat of the EMF and audio measurement test completed earlier in this report at increased distances from the SOP The new distances were specified by TPS and the objective of this test is to gain an understanding of how the audio noise
170. ll be used This clamp is also used for the neutral bar connection Figure 4 Short 660A horizontal clamp The nine phase cables will be supported on wooden frames or suspended from the ceiling to remove excessive weight hanging on the PowerLock connection plugs modified fuse carriers and horizontal clamps There is only one combined neutral earth connection between the PED and the LV distribution board The doors of the free standing LV distribution board can be removed as this presents no greater risk than an open board This allows the cables to enter the fuse carrier without excessive bends The power supply to the PED is derived via the cables from the LV distribution board The three phases from each feeder are combined together such that if the supply at S S A is interrupted the PED can continue to operate and share capacity between S S B and C The power supply for the cooling system is derived from the PED three phase auxiliary supply If the supply at S S A is interrupted the heat exchanger can continue to operate UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 11 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 9 Protection The control and protection system is housed in the left most panel see Figure 1 Each port cubicle has a three phase three pole circuit breaker ABB T5S 630 which has auxiliary contacts which receive trip signals from the control and pro
171. lues to the control room and stored in PI Hi Hi S285 VPN TPS Corporate SCADA trusted S jissara Vodafone APN bee 1 CL pm UKPN Data Centre EM EL 20 ym m 2 a Ene P i RA EER eu IT S UKPN Control Centre FH UKPN Control Centre Bury aa 7 z am EHE O mem Ex ur Tarn eu b LJ P LI LI P d SOP SCM Server i 1 PowerOn SCADA FEP PowerOn SCADA FEP SPN LPN SPN RTU SS LPN RTU ates LL 7h gp apt Church Street L L1 Mini RTU Broker RTU Mini RTU leas SE we riy rere A ere y e e ae es Toro nre metere we nte eee re Re n T DXHH T Scheme i Site LPNII spn substnA w i _ ama n z AA Substn i I pee 2 I 1 NE a yp li t 4 I ad 02 Mobile i e APN 1 1 f e M i 1 1 LVM 3T SOP H LVM 3T SOP I I 1 I i Ll f l f 1 donk i i ni ac om i t SubStn B SubStn C em C SubStn C SubStn B e a 1 pet 1 1 ix eL c 4 et Qi i p Vodafone Mobile i E i L dp APN z i LVM LVM i M Pd jqL i LVM LVM i l i H ah A E EMT eee D pM ne ee ge ee PEU Scheme SPNII2 bs zx a Scheme LPN 2 i 1 ps pd p
172. mous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power Networks Delivering your electricity Field trial data Event 2 Figure 7 5 shows the response of the SOP Figure 7 6 shows the measurements at the transformer and Figure 7 8 shows the threshold status for a second transformer equalisation event From Figure 7 8 it can be seen that the transformer at Port A is under utilised as the set signal for the graph called Tx Load Low is high The transformer at Port B is over utilised as the set signals for the graph called Tx Load Hi is high For Port C the reset signal for Tx Load Hi is low and this suggests that the load is within the dead band but greater than the average utilisation For the SOP to solve this constraint and equalise the transformer loadings the SOP should import from Port A and export to Port B There may be a small amount of export required for Port C as the average may change when the SOP operates Since the volts are already high for Port C the amount of export the SOP will be able to do is limited The SOP increases import on Port A and reaches a steady state at 14 45 at a power import of 60 kW The algorithm uses Port B to export the power and this reduces the loading on the transformer A small amount of power is exported to Port C Since there is a volatility in the load at the transformer the SOP is constantly adjusting the power import and power export The volatility is also visible in Figure 7 8 where the set si
173. n the threshold SOP should initiate support function for export current on port A B or C Current export threshold reset at transformer s 900 When current export is less than the threshold SOP should reduce support function for export current on port A B or C Transformer equalisation high threshold set When the different between the mean transformer utilisation and the transformer utilisation of the transformer on either port A B or C the SOP should export current Transformer equalisation high threshold reset The threshold reset for the allowed different between the mean transformer utilisation and the transformer utilisation of the transformer on either port A B or C the SOP should reduce export current Transformer equalisation low threshold set The threshold set for the allowed different between the mean transformer utilisation and the transformer utilisation of the transformer on either port A B or C the SOP should import current Transformer equalisation low threshold reset The threshold reset for the allowed different between the mean transformer utilisation and the transformer utilisation of the W 09 FUN LV X03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington Hous
174. n one step b Inverter C export 32 kW and 24kVAr from 0 kW and OkVAr in one step The voltage waveform recorded at inverter B during the Phase A to earth fault is shown in Figure 77 and the current waveform is shown in Figure 78 The fault is applied at approximately 13 15 53 551 and the SOP stops injecting current at 13 15 53 591 Within 40ms the SOP has detected the fault and limited its output current The phase A RMS voltage on inverter A and C during the fault is shown in Figure 79 and the phase A RMS current is shown in Figure 80 From Figure 79 the fault can be observed as a voltage spike From Figure 80 it can be observed that the SOP stops injecting current on inverter A and inverter C when the fault is applied 400 300 200 100 j o w o0 B 100 7 gt 200 i 300 Phase A 400 Phase B 500 Phase C 13 15 53 530 13 15 53 551 13 15 53 572 13 15 53 594 13 15 53 615 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 77 Phase A to Earth Fault voltage measured at inverter B terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 85 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 300 200 13 15 53 591 100 100 200 Current A 300 400 Phase A 500 Phase B Phase C 600 13 15 53 530 13 15 53 551 13 15 53 572 13 15 53 594 13 15 5
175. n the transformer or feeder This enables capacity to be shared between different transformers Once the current is less than the import current threshold set the SOP will hold the amount of export power The power export generation the SOP presents to the port will reduce once the current at the substation or feeder is less than the import current reset When the current is 180 degrees out of phase with the voltage power is being exported and if this is greater than the export current threshold set the SOP will import power in an attempt to provide load to the feeder or transformer and reduce the generation fed back to the 11 kV network This situation may occur on the network when there is a large amount of DG connected but only a small amount of load for example noon on a day during summer Once the current is less than the export current threshold set the SOP will hold the amount of power import The load the SOP presents to the port will reduce once the current at the feeder or transformer is less than the export current reset Table 5 1 shows the current level set at the PNDC Table 5 1 Current thresholds for the current at the secondary side of the transformer and feeder connection to the transformer for successful operation of algorithm at PNDC after tuning the parameters Threshold Name Current A Operation When current import is greater than gt 100 the threshold SOP should initiate support function for import current Curr
176. n this part of the test inverter B and inverter C are set to import 160 kW via the HMI The negative setting of both inverters appears to be linked to a reduction in oscillation in the power output The cause of the oscillation was later found to be as a result of the resonant controller and DC link thresholds being set too low The upper limits of both were reached when the inverters were controlled to increase their AC terminal voltage to export power Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 22 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 350 nverterA Inverter C set to 126kW Inverter C set to 315kW nverterB 250 DAN Inverter C set to 80kW InverterC Inverter B set to 200kW Inverter B set to 50kW 4 150 T C set to 80kW Inverter B amp C set to OkW gt Inverter B set to 80kW x EE ERONEN INIM we 50 T z m tl o E ia E 50 o lt 150 Inverter A compensates for Inverter B amp C set to OkW 250 inverter B amp C Inverter B set to 160kW Inverter C set to 160kW 350 12 15 12 20 12 25 12 30 12 35 12 40 12 45 12 50 12 55 Time HH MM Figure 13 Total three phase active power test log steps 4 15 The results from this test indicated that when the SOP is enabled and prior to the SOP being controlled to import or export power i e
177. nally the transformer import trip threshold was set to operate for a 50 A load and later in the test the threshold was increased to 100 A Please note the transformer import trip threshold will be referred to as variable Ise and the transformer import reset threshold will be referred to as leset for the purposes of this test It should also be noted that the DNP3 communication was not fully operational for this test so inverter B was loaded not inverter C as was originally intended in the testing plan This did not influence the validity of the test as the DNP3 system and algorithm were both tested and it was demonstrated that both were operating For reference the issues surrounding the communication are listed below Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 72 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE e Inverter A and inverter C readings on the mimic screen displayed from the RTU were reversed when referenced to the HMI e Current readings of phase 3 on inverter B were correct on the mimic screen but wrong on the HMI however TPS confirmed that the correct phase 3 reading is going to the algorithm even though it s being displayed incorrectly on the HMI e Phase A 2 and 3 current readings on inverter C were correct on the mimic screen but wrong on the HMI again TPS confirmed that the correct re
178. nd summary section 5 For many of these issues solutions have been proposed that could be incorporated into the next version of the SOP hardware and or control algorithm Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 2 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 A v UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Table of Contents 3 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 Executive SUIMMASY a iicccssssceccssssieccssasseecssasseccdsassactbossiascdonsieosssasieccbassestbansiascsoasseesssassesssaasrs 2 Lider DI iis iss fiasiiseccdis fuscia siexcecicdavccansaveccshecaascenssvcescecanccunsasecestecaassensdexessiecawccusasenccstooay 6 MeopEeprIiCcpmee 7 SOPSUSEF Interfaces m EHE EXER E T AP r e Eee De NEU He eene 8 SOP S ttin BS RE E T T NT RT 10 LS ETSPEDBDGBIMICENBTRRMIBEECRBICDCIIT IIIA 11 Balanced three phase load test cc cccccccecssssssssececececseseaeaecececeseeeaeaeeeessssseeaeeeseessessesseaeeneess 16 4 1 PogoftestptocedUures u e erem ete ddnde edente o eue etae aede 16 MM CIcr t 17 4 13 Analysis inina EI eatese eel en needed 21 4 1 4 CONCUSSIONS ireren EE RR REFER cacssoceoustestaies aa e ETE ERr P RE EOE 24 bOadsCVele ETE 26 4 2 1 Logoftest procedure cccsccccccecsssssensececececesseeasecececsseesesaseceseessessesaaeeeseesseesesssaeeneess 26 4 2 2 Results and An
179. ndary side of the transformer 500 A for substation 250 A for substation D and 50 A for substation A if the SOP needs to start supporting at 50 A Transformer reset export The threshold reset for the export current condition of the positive sequence current at the secondary side of the transformer Set the reset current to 10 A below the trip current If the rating of the cable is less than the current rating of the transformer then the thresholds should be set accordingly Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 113 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 7 10 Ramp Rates This screen sets the step the algorithm will make when the algorithm is operating to provide support to the network Status Configuration 1 H g 4 H 3 A A 4 A A 4 A 4 A z z A z A A A A A 4 A A A A H 3 A 4 2 A A A 3 A A A 3 2 A A 4 A A 4 A 2 A A H A A 3 A A 2 A 3 A A A A A 2 A H A A A A A 3 A 3 A A H A 4 3 Field Name Description Support Status P rate The increment of active power at the output of the SOP If the SOP starts to hunt then reduce this value 2 kW s Q rate T
180. ng power i m SOP supports I high voltage by importing power SOP enabled i 20 A I I 0 15 00 00 15 15 00 15 30 00 15 45 00 16 00 00 16 15 00 16 30 00 16 45 00 17 00 00 17 15 00 Time HH MM Figure 4 3 RMS current at the terminals of the SOP for the voltage constraint as measured by an external power analyser Figure 4 3 shows the RMS current as measured by an external power analyser at the terminals of the SOP It can be seen that both Inverter A and Inverter B have a similar current profile whereas Inverter C has a flat current profile Version 1 of the algorithm does not utilise both ports when providing the opposite power flow for the port that is supporting unless a port providing reverse power flow reaches a limit The feature of using two ports when no limits have been reached in order to provide reverse power for the other port which is supporting the constraint is a feature of Version 2 At 16 03 when the threshold of Inverter B is triggered Inverter B starts to inject current into the network Current injection increases until 16 23 when the current output at the terminal of the SOP is held constant The current output is reduced at 16 44 and starts to increase again at 16 48 in order to support the high voltage W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and
181. nk Controller waiting for start command 5 Connect Power Controllers 11 DC Link Controller Pre charge dc link 6 Running 12 DC Link Controller Connected 7 Shut Down Power Controllers 13 DC Link Controller Inhibited 8 Shut Down DC Link Controller 14 DC Link Controller Locked Out 15 DC Link Controller Emergency Stop 20 Power Controller waiting for operating conditions 21 Power Controller Synchronise with grid 22 Power Controller Connected 23 Power Controller Inhibited 24 Power Controller Locked Out 25 Power Controller Emergency Stop Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 102 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE WA POWER NETWORKS WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 7 2 Enables screen Screen to switch on or off different support functions and modes of operation of the SOP or m br fier Z m o fle or m br lie ole or m Configuration HH HHHH OFF OFF OFF OFF OFF orr OFF OFF HA HHHH HA HHHH Back Bi high current import of the positive sequence current at the feeder Field Name Description Support Status V1 voltage high Enables support in a This was switched on Enabled high voltage condition for the voltage support of the positive test sequence voltage at the terminals of the SOP V1 voltage low Enables support in a This was switched
182. not be locked off but the incoming power cables are to be disconnected after the 11 KV grid has been powered down Connecting Power to the Cooling System PNDC responsibility 1 2 3 4 Plug in the cooling fan Power Supply Unit PSU switched off at the mains socket Plug in hub power supplied switched off at the mains socket Connect the 3 phase supply to the cooling pump with the isolator in the off position Plug in the PLC s HMI to the external LAN connector to 3T SOP and connect the HMI PSU to the HMI switched off Applying Power to the SOP PNDC responsibility 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Ensure that the two outer valves on the cooling pipework are set to the on position Connect the mains power to the HMI and cooling fan mains single phase Unlock the isolator to the cooling pump and place in the on position the pump will now engage Make the connection to Substation I Unlock the 2 incoming 3 phase grid mains power supplies and remove the isolation at the distribution board Engage the power to the 11 kV grid There is now mains power to the SOP and the dc link internal to the SOP will pre charge to approximately 620 Vdc Under no circumstances should the inverter cabinets or control cabinet be opened without following the isolation procedure for the SOP including discharge of the dc link Once the PLC has connected to the 3 inverter control cards ICC it will be possible to control the
183. nsfer SDRC 9 4 2 Definitions SOP power convention UK Power Networks Delivering your electricity UK Power Networks use a convention where power flow towards the bus bar is positive The bus bar is between the transformer and the feeder Therefore when the power flow is from the substation to the load the measurement will be positive for the transformer as the power flow is from the transformer towards the bus bar The measurement for the power at the feeder will be negative as the power flow will be away from the bus bar When the feeder has an excess of distributed generation and the power flow is from the cable to the transformer then the power measurement at the feeder will be positive and the power measurement at the transfer will be negative Power flow gt P Negative P Positive Feeder load generation Transformer P measurement Feeder P measurement Load only Positive Negative Distributed generation only Negative Positive Feeder capacitive inductive Transformer Q measurement Feeder Q measurement Capacitive Negative Positive Inductive Positive Negative The SOP will use a generator convention which defines positive power as the power generated or supplied from a source and negative power as the power consumed by a load Reactive power is defined as positive for capacitive loads and negative for inductive loads If the SOP is acting a
184. nsformer load support Feeder import trip has been exceeded and sends a control set point to the ICCs Inverter B is controlled to export power in order to reduce the load on substation D and inverter A is controlled to import power to compensate for the export at inverter B In the prototype unit tested at the PNDC inverter A acts as the slack bus compensating for the import export at inverter B and inverter C The SOP manufacturer Turbo Power Systems TPS have advised that in the final version of the SOP there is not a dedicated slack bus inverter and the algorithm will control the import export of each inverter based on inverter availability and network constraints The SOP voltage support reactive power support and phase unbalance improvement operate on the same principle as the transformer load support The prototype unit that was tested at the PNDC can also be controlled manually via the SOP HMI to inject or export power at inverter B and inverter C this is discussed in the following section As this is a prototype unit there was no operation manual available from the manufacturer TPS prior to commencing testing Before testing was started a basic user guide for using the SOP at the PNDC facility was prepared by TPS and PNDC This guide was revised as testing progressed and the final version of the guide is available in Appendix C 3 1 SOP user interface From the HMI SOP user interface shown in Figure 2 the SOP can be cont
185. ocations indicated with the orange circles and noise levels were measured at the locations indicated with the blue circles shown in Figure 41 Using the built in functionality of the sound probe the following was measured 1 Maximum sound level for A weighting over 30 s duration and 2 Maximum sound level for C weighting over 30 s duration Using Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 46 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE the built in functionality of the EMF meter the EMF reading was measured over the O Hz to 100 kHz frequency range 4 The SOP HMI was set to a Inverter B export 74 kW b Inverter C export 74 kW 5 EMF and noise level measurements were repeated 4 5 2 Results and Analysis The audio noise measurements recorded for the HMI setting of inverter B and inverter C set to export 148 kW are shown in Figure 42 As with the previous test it can be observed that in all cases the C weighting is higher than the A weighting and the higher audio recordings are observed at the location closest to the coolant system position 3 and 4 As expected the locations closer to the SOP have a higher associated noise level i e 3 is closer than 4 7 is closer than 8 etc It can be observed that with the increased distance in this test nearly all the audio measurements recorded in this test
186. oltage Inverter B voltage 0 Inverter C voltage 50 14 25 14 30 14 35 14 40 14 45 14 50 Time HH MM Figure 39 Total three phase reactive power SOP terminals The phase A current transfer at the SOP inverters is shown in Figure 40 It can be observed that the current magnitude matches the trends observed in Figure 38 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 44 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 350 300 250 N e eo m e ui eo Current A 100 Inverter A current 50 Inverter B current Inverter C current 0 14 15 14 20 14 25 14 30 14 35 14 40 14 45 14 50 Time HH MM Figure 40 Phase A RMS current measured at SOP terminals 4 4 3 Conclusions This test evaluated the capability of the SOP to export three phase reactive power The test results confirm that the SOP is capable of exporting three phase reactive power up to 50 kVAr and 50 kVAr while also exporting 126 kW when controlled to do so via the HMI However the results recorded from this test have indicated two factors of note relating to the operation of the SOP 1 At the HMI setting of inverter C 126 kW and 50 kVAr the SOP current output was observed to oscillate The cause of this oscillation is related to the SOP DC link threshold and was resolved at a
187. on Enabled low voltage condition of for the voltage support the positive sequence test voltage at the terminals of the SOP V2 Enables support in a This was switched on Disabled high voltage condition for the unbalanced of the negative voltage support test sequence voltage at the phase unbalance terminals of the SOP improvement test VO Enables support in a This was switched on Disabled high voltage condition for the unbalanced of the zero sequence voltage support test voltage at the terminals phase unbalance of the SOP improvement test Feeder import high Enables support in a Enabled Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 103 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 vs v UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device connection to the substation bus bars Feeder export high Enables support in a high current export of the positive sequence current at the feeder connection to the substation bus bars Enabled Transformer high import Enables support in a high current import of the positive sequence current at the secondary side of the substation transformer Enabled Transformer high export Enables support in a high current export of the positive sequence current at the secondary side of the substation transformer Enabled P mode Enables the SOP to o
188. onic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 3 SOP OPERATION The SOP is a power electronic device designed to be installed at normally open points within a power network The SOP tested at the PNDC is a three terminal device which contains three three phase inverters connected via a DC link This configuration allows bi directional power flow between the three terminals of the inverter as illustrated in Figure 1 In the scenario shown in Figure 1 inverter A is importing power and inverter B and inverter C are exporting power Each of the Powerlock cable connections shown in the diagram include three separate phase cables one neutral cable and one earth cable This diagram also shows the SOP DNP3 based communication and monitoring system including the current clamps the voltage probes the LV monitoring units and the RTU The LV monitoring units aggregate analogue current signals from current clamps at different points on the network and analogue voltage signals from the terminals of the SOP These monitoring units convert the analogue voltage and current data to a DNP3 signal and via DNP3 transfer it to the Remote Terminal Unit RTU The RTU aggregates the data and passes the DNP3 signal to the PLC within the SOP It s not shown on this diagram but the RTU has an internet connection for remote monitoring and control The PLC contains the SOP algorithm The SOP algorithm is a supervisory control system that makes control decisions relate
189. ould be expected that the SOP should back off the power demand on Port A in order to reduce the loading on the transformer However Figure 7 1 shows that the SOP continues to load the transformer until 13 34 where by the SOP starts to decrease the real power import from Port A One explanation is that from 13 25 until 13 34 Port B requires more export to reduce the load on the Transformer connected to Port B since the set signal in Figure 7 3 is high The increase in load on Port A causes the feeder current to trigger the set signal and this causes the SOP to reduce the load as seen in Figure 7 1 At 13 40 the feeder import current reduces below the limit and the load of the transformer is less than the average loading The SOP should stop the decrease in import and increase the import to solve the transformer constraint However the SOP continues to decrease the output until the power output is zero Once the port has reset the SOP starts to increase the import for port A When the SOP is reducing the import for Port A it decides to balance the SOP by reducing the export from Port C as this port is not supporting a network constraint Once the export on Port C is zero the SOP starts to import from Port C in order to leave Port B supporting the transformer load No changes are made to Port B between 13 34 and 13 42 At 14 42 the transformer load on Port C goes above the average loading and the SOP hold the import on Port C and starts to reduce the e
190. p Skin Removed to Show Internal Fan positioned in fan box Plenum Chambers A aa C eea uy TERNAL HEAT SINK FACE inii i Hin NS Figure 6 Forced air cooling arrangements Unfiltered and filtered for power electronics 10 Maintenance The maintenance strategy is one of substitution where if there is faulty equipment the whole cubicle will be disconnected from the underground cables and replaced The faulty unit will be sent to the Supplier for repair UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 11 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 11 LV Monitoring Systems An Ormazabal or GMC I Prosys LV monitoring system is being used to monitor the real and reactive power demand on each transformer as well as flowing through the spine circuits This system is reusing legacy equipment from a previous LCNF project and new single card monitoring units each with a 3G communications link EOS 01 0053 Installation and Operation of Monitoring Equipment on LV Distribution Equipment describes the methods of installation operation and decommissioning In the case of open boards where the LV transformer tails are s
191. pable of Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 24 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE transferring three phase active power up to the limits tested The test results also highlighted two points relating to the SOP response 1 There is an oscillation in the power output of the SOP on each inverter The oscillation is observed when inverter B and inverter C are set to positive values on the HMI but not when they are set to negative values The cause of the oscillation was later found to be as a result of the resonant controller and DC link thresholds within the SOP being set too low These thresholds were increased in a later test and this was observed to resolve the problem for the remaining tests within the testing plan Please note that this update was applied in two stages 1 The voltage limit on the resonant controllers was increased prior to starting load cycle test 1 and 2 The voltage limit on the resonant controller was increased again and the DC link voltage upper limit was also increased prior to starting the phase unbalance improvement test The impact of these updates on the SOP response is reported in the corresponding test sections 2 Theresults from this test indicated that when the SOP is enabled and prior to the SOP being controlled to import or export power i e power sett
192. perate in active power export or import mode This should be enabled for voltage support feeder support and transformer support to work Enabled Q mode Enables the SOP to operate in reactive power export or import mode Disabled VO mode Enables to the SOP to operate in zero sequence support mode Disabled V2 mode Enables to the SOP to operate in negative sequence support mode Disabled Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 104 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 7 3 Algorithm inputs screen Screen to show the status of the DNP3 communications Configuration HBHBHHHB dHHHEHHHE BHBHBHBH HBHBHHBB HHHBHBHH HBHBHHH HHBHHHHHH HHBHBHHBH Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 105 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device P DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 7 4 Algorithm outputs screen This screen displays the sets points calculated by the algorithm and sent to the DSP control cards in order for the SOP to support the network Worten HE IIE AIHA IIE III I IIIA AAA IH AAI ADIT III III III IIE IA AAA IHD IT TRIED II IIIA IAI ASA ISIE ISI EIE EDEL ELLE ELE EE EE EAE Configuration Doc
193. phase voltages were inverter A 243 V inverter B 250 V and inverter C 250 V It was noted that the power output was stable i e no oscillations This was not observed previously at these voltage levels At 12 00 via HMI set a Inverter B OkW b Inverter C OKW Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 51 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 At 12 01 the SOP was disabled via the HMI At 12 03 the network voltage was set to approximately 246V on all inverters Please note due to the 5 V increase observed when the SOP is enabled it was suspected when the SOP was re enabled the SOP would trip out Enable SOP via HMI at 12 03 SOP tripped out at 12 04 Disabled SOP via HMI at 12 05 Last voltage recorded on power quality analyser 251V on inverter A A DC link overvoltage error was observed on inverter B and inverter C on TPS s diagnostic interface A grid frequency high error was observed on inverter A on the same interface SOP was re enabled via HMI at 12 07 251V observed on all inverters at 12 08 This was sustained for a period of 1 min At 12 10 set HMI to a Inverter B export 100 kW b Inverter C export 100 kW Inverter tripped out at 12 11 SOP re enabled
194. pproximately 170 kW from inverter B and a total three phase active power import of approximately 180 kW from inverter A over 10mins As mentioned in the results section the cause of this discrepancy appears to be due to the upper limit on the resonant controller being set too low In Load cycle test 1 the discrepancy between HMI set values and the measured values is also observed but in Load cycle test 2 after the upper limits on the resonant controller have been increased the discrepancy between the set and measured value is reduced to 5 5kW TPS have advised that this smaller discrepancy is likely to be due to the power requirements of the SOP LCL filter and power electronics Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 21 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 250 nverterA 200 nverterB InverterC 150 100 50 0 50 Active Power kW 100 150 200 250 11 48 11 50 11 52 11 54 11 56 11 58 12 00 12 02 12 04 Time HH MM Figure 12 Total three phase active power test log steps 1 3 Figure 13 shows steps 4 17 of the testing plan and has been annotated to show the different power settings on the HMI This is a sub set of the response shown in Figure 6 It should be noted that the oscillation in the active power recording does not occur after 12 42 I
195. rA nverterB na n Voltage V NA Ww B N Ww N nverterC 230 228 226 11 30 12 30 13 30 14 30 15 30 16 30 17 30 Time HH MM Figure 27 Phase A RMS voltage recorded at SOP terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 36 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 600 nverterA nverterB 500 nverterC 400 300 Current A 200 100 0 11 30 12 00 12 30 13 00 13 30 14 00 14 30 15 00 15 30 16 00 16 30 17 00 17 30 Time HH MM Figure 28 Phase A RMS current recorded at SOP terminals 200 nverterA 150 nverterB 100 Active Power kW 250 300 350 11 30 12 30 13 30 14 30 15 30 16 30 17 30 Time HH MM Figure 29 Three phase active power recorded at SOP terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 37 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 45 nverterA 40 nverterB nverterC N N w o Ui o m e Ui Reactive Power kVAr 10 11 30 14 30 15 30 16 30 Time HH MM Figure 30 Three phase reactive power recorded at SOP terminals 4 0 nv
196. ransformers connected to the SOP If the utilisation of one of the transformers is less than the average utilisation then the transformer is under utilised and greater loading is required If the utilisation is greater than the average utilisation then the transformer is over utilised and less loading is required If the transformer has reverse power flow and the transformer is exporting power from the 400 V network to the 11 kV network then the transformer is not loaded and the utilisation is considered to be zero A future version of the algorithm may wish to consider when the transformer has reverse power flow This support function has two constraints 1 Transformer under utilised 2 Transformer over utilised When the transformer is under utilised more load is required and when the transformer is over utilised then less load is required The SOP will transfer power to either increase the loading by importing power from the network or decrease the loading on the transformer by exporting power into the network The set and reset thresholds can be changed to increase or decrease the operational dead band Field trial data Event 1 Figure 7 1 shows the response of the SOP from 13 10 until 14 00 on 12 August 2015 Real power reactive power RMS voltage and RMS current are shown for each of the three ports The measurements from the three transformers are shown in Figure 7 2 and the status of the algorithm thresholds are shown in Figure 7 3 Real po
197. rational scenarios at the PNDC The report is separated into the following sections Section 3 of this report presents a brief overview of how the SOP operates and the SOP Human Machine Interface HMI used during testing This overview considers aspects of the HMI that are relevant to the testing presented in this report A more detailed description of the HMI is available in Appendix A The first part of Section 4 contains a description of the test configuration used during the SOP test programme It should be noted that this default configuration was modified as required for each test The subsections within Section 4 relate to specific tests within the overall programme Each subsection contains e Anintroduction explaining the objective of the test and the aspect of the SOP that is being evaluated by completing the objective e A method section with a breakdown of each step in the test e Aresults section with graphs of the data recorded during the test from the power quality analysers EMF temperature and audio measurement equipment e Ananalysis section where the data presented in the results section is reviewed e Aconclusions section with a list of the key findings from the test Section 5 contains a summary of the key findings from the report Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 6 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electr
198. re The method in this test follows the same procedure as in the previous load cycle test However because of the software update the HMI settings were changed to export 148 kW on inverter B and C to achieve the desired 450 A current at inverter A Assuming a voltage of 230 V the voltage varies with SOP power injection this equates to a loss of approximately 14 kW between the setting on the HMI and the expected current output As previously mentioned this loss is attributed to the power requirements of the SOP LCL filters and power electronics As in the previous test the SOP tripped unexpectedly several times without external control to do so A list of these trip events is included below with action taken 1 SOP trip 1 2 h 14 min into the test Remedial action attempted to re enable the SOP via the HMI interface but the SOP did not re enable On the HMI the following states were noted inverter A 11 indicates pre charge inverter B 20 indicates waiting for connection and inverter C 20 indicates waiting for connection The 11 kV network was de energised and re energised after 20 s and the SOP started operating again after it was manually re enabled 2 SOP trip 2 3 h 32 min into the test Remedial action On the HMI it was noted that the heartbeat counter was still incrementing indicating that communication was still operational TPS diagnostics indicated the fault as DC link undervoltage SOP was restar
199. requency thresholds specified in the protection settings or in the test plan It should also be noted that the time delay associated with the frequency thresholds specified in the protection settings do not match the time delays recorded in the test e g when the band 1 over frequency threshold was exceed the SOP should enter an inhibit state after 1 min delay but the SOP was recorded to operate after 37 s TPS have advised that the SOP phase locked loop PLL sample rate has been decreased since this test and it is probable that because of this change the SOP would operate closer to the frequency protection thresholds specified at the start of this section The fault test has demonstrated that when a fault is applied close to the terminals of the SOP the SOP reduces its output current on all inverters to approximately O A and for all of the faults tested both at 400 V and 11 kV the SOP did not output more than a 600 A per phase instantaneous Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 96 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 A v UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 5 REPORT CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY This exercise has shown that the SOP behaves as expected in much of the functional test cases However there are a number of areas where unexpected or out of specification behaviour was observed The key areas where the SOP did not
200. required Modified fuse carriers with 4mm plug can replace any set of standard fuse carriers In the event that a modified fuse carrier needs to be removed following the procedure in EOS 01 0053 the PED will be disabled beforehand by the Control Engineer It is essential that the phasing of the voltage leads is maintained to provide correct real and reactive power analogues UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 13 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 11 Visualisation FUN LV will deliver an advanced DMS PowerOn control system GE will create an enhanced LV network representation similar to Geoview but allows devices to be controlled and analogues to be visualised Each PED will be placed on the diagram with a Combined Control and Analogue Box Figure 11 displaying measured values The trials in Brighton will be managed by SPN LV Control Engineers 12 Cooling System The cooling system of the PED consists of a water glycol coolant that is pumped through the power electronics and filters to a heat exchanger that vents warm air out of the substation to keep the PED components cool and maintain its rating The cooling system is monitored and will send a temperature reading to the control room which will be stored in PI This will allow the performance of the PED to be analysed The coolant tank is integral with the fan cooling unit If the heat exchanger
201. reserved 20 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix C Basic Power Electronics Switching The PED consists of three voltage sourced converters Each port has three phase legs each phase leg consisting of two series connected valves Phase leg VI Uac V2 IGBT Diode These valves V1 and V2 consist of an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor IGBT and an anti parallel diode Each IGBT can only conduct in one direction The inclusion of the anti parallel diode deals with transient voltages that occur when the IGBT is turned off and enable current flow in the reverse direction This diode is termed the freewheeling diode If the phase leg is considered as a mechanical switch as opposed to two IGBT containing valves then the following can be realised VI i E 0 5 Ua 0 5 U Uac V2 It can be seen from the above representation that the current can either be made to flow and create either a 0 5dc voltage or 0 5dc voltage as demonstrated below U Switch state top Switch state bottom UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 21 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 By operating the mechanical switch in the top or bottom instances the above waveform with time can be realised This digital voltage control signal operates at 5kH
202. respond as expected are in the report summary table below In many cases solutions have been proposed that could be incorporated into the next version of the SOP hardware or control algorithm 2 increased 2 As in the previous test the SOP was observed to trip unexpectedly four times during the test Test dates RE Test Name Pass Significant observations Comments on Pass status 1 Oscillations were observed in the power output from SOP 2 Power import export was recorded when the SOP was enabled turned on via the HMI TPS i m Balanced hav dvised ihat this power transfer is related This test evaluates the SOP s capability to transfer power from one terminal to another based on the HMI settings The test results confirm that when 12 02 2015 4 1 three phase Y to the power requirements of the SOP to turn on i controlled to do so by the HMI the SOP is capable of transferring three load test and operate in a standby mode i e to supply phase active gower dp to the limits tested power to the SOP LCL filters and power i electronics without actively transferring power either due to manual via HMI or algorithm control This test evaluates the SOP s capability to supply there phase active power over an extended timescale The SOP did supply power over the extended 1 As in the previous test oscillations were period however the SOP was noted to trip unexpectedly three times during 13 02 2015 42 Lo
203. rights reserved 18 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix A General Arrangement 240kVA 400V TWO TERMINAL PED MONITORING amp RS 232 USB DIAGNOSTIC MODULE INTERNAL COMMS BUS HMI INTERNAL COMMS BUS DNP3 COMMS DNP3 ETHERNET MODULE HARDWIRED SIGNALS PLC MODULE INTERNAL I O INVERTER CONTROL CARD 2 FEEDBACK ANALOGUE DIGITAL 110 SUBSTATION SUPPLY B aUx PSU l IpRE cHARGE I INVERTER CONTROL CARD 1 meghat bus sus VOLTAGE VOLTAGE FEEDBACK FEEDBACK ANALOGUE DIGITAL VO NEN SUBSTATION 3 SUPPLY A SOESQERES ID E S Faut Relay NEUTRA amp PE BUS BAR gt i v l 4 AUX CONTROL I SUPPLIES INTERNAL CONTROL SUPPLIES I I UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 19 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix B Substation Labels Label for substation doors This substation contains LV monitoring equipment which is part of the FUN LV project Contact Control before entry Label for link boxes This link box is connected to network which is part of the FUN LV project Contact Control before linking UK Power Networks 2015 All rights
204. rly versions of the algorithm are restricted to functions 1 to 3 To prevent common mode currents each inverter cubicle has a line filter 150 uH 240 uF star 30 uH that is liquid cooled to maintain its 577A rating The conversion from AC to DC across each inverter is calculated to be greater than 96 efficient 496 Losses of 400kW is 16kW in the form of heat that needs to be dissipated A closed water cooling system with a heat exchanger is connected to the PED The power supply to the cooling system is derived from the PED Further information in section 12 UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 7 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 ep ck etis R na ee VEAM PowerLock AC e s x ET 8 7 wa lene oni AC circuit breaker IR Em Inverter stack DC Busbar iS E Stack controller z4 PWM and line filters i Port C _ Control Cubicle and Neutral port E Figure 1 Three terminal PED doors removed UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 8 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices 6 Site Locations Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 The aim of the FUN LV project is to carry out the assessment of benefits delivered by power electronics connected to a LV distribution network LV monitoring devices will be installed in the substations listed below to provide the
205. rms for 5 ms 5 sreset when the fault has cleared c DC link Protection 200 A with a 1 ms trip and a 5 s reset The SOP also has CB protection provided by TPS setting listed in Appendix B Substation D has 80 A J Type Fuse protection on all phases 4 The fault thrower has Schneider Electric NSX Micrologic trip CB protection with the following settings a Longtime protection Ipick up 300 A and time setting 1 s b Short time protection Ipick up 2500 A and time settings 0 s instantaneous c Instantaneous protection Ipick up 4800 A 5 The fault thrower has a contactor with a time delay setting of 1 s The contactor makes the fault connection and will automatically open after 1 s regardless of the fault being cleared wes The observed operation of the protection during the test in order was 1 SOP software based protection operates to limit the fault current contribution of the SOP 3 fuse protection operates to isolate substation D and 5 contactor opens to isolate the fault Neither 2 SOP CB protection nor 4 fault thrower CB protection were observed to operate on overcurrent protection Prior to each fault the inverter was controlled via the HMI to inject 1 Inverter B export 32 kW and 24 kVAr and 2 Inverter C export 32 kW and 24 kVAr Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 81 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Po
206. rolled to inject three phase active and reactive power from inverter B and inverter C by specifying figures in the cells shown in Figure 2 Inverter A compensates for the control of inverter B and C and therefore cannot be controlled e g if inverter B Pdemand is set to 50 kW then inverter A will compensate by automatically setting to 50 kW The first stage in starting the SOP is to select the enable button on the HMI interface refer to Appendix C for a breakdown of the start up procedure Selecting the enable button will turn on the SOP and connect it to the 3 incoming 3 phase grids in the correct sequence After the SOP has completed the start up sequence it will begin drawing power from the network to supply the SOP LCL filter and power electronics At this stage the SOP can be controlled to transfer power between the inverter terminals Please note during the testing procedure TPS modified the HMI interface Figure 2 shows the original interface the final version of the interface is shown in Appendix A The HMI also gives several indicators of the status of the unit including the state of each inverter and whether the inverter is communicating with the control system heartbeat indicator Each inverter state is identified by a three digit number the first number indicates the state of the PLC within the inverter and the second two digits indicate the state of the inverter A summary of the state codes and their associated meanings as provided by
207. ror between the FLUKE Power Quality Analyser 435 I monitoring units Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 92 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ia UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 400 30 e 20 ie eo Voltage V e 200 Phase A 300 Phase B Phase C 400 14 44 18 534 14 44 18 600 14 44 18 667 14 44 18 734 14 44 18 800 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 89 11 kV phase A to Earth Fault voltage measured at inverter A terminals 200 150 100 50 Current A eo 50 100 Phase A 150 Phase B Phase C 200 14 44 18 534 14 44 18 600 14 44 18 667 14 44 18 734 14 44 18 800 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 90 11 kV phase A to Earth Fault current measured at inverter A terminals Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 93 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE d POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 400 300 200 100 Va o y B m 9 100 200 Phase A 300 Phase B Phase C 400 14 44 15 588 14 44 15 656 14 44 15 724 14 44 15 792 14 44 15 860 Time hh mm ss ms Figure 91 11 kV phase A to Earth Fault voltage measured at inverter B terminals 200 150 100 x 50 v o0 50 Phase A 100
208. s a am zm i del dml dal 1 1 apt Li LL t Cosy 1 1 gt EED Cay i SubStn A sop SubStnB i SubStn A sop SubStn B 1 i S msg ee Pee ee y i i 1 2 z z e e HH EM HE s 1 LVM 2T SOP Wit i LVM 2T SOP ivan i i 1 i 1 i I i pr EEPE E S ERR E ET ae ee OEE 1 T T Se Sete oe ef Se as Sees See Figure 8 Communications architecture As can be seen the Supplier can only provide firmware updates via the UKPN data centre These updates will be copied to the SCM server where they can be distributed at agreed times The PED system can only be updated if its control system has been disabled by the control engineer Should the communications fail between the LV monitoring units and the RTU the algorithm will identify that which port has loss of comms and only functions that rely on local measurements will be delivered by that port If communications fail between the PED and the RTU then all ports will only deliver functions that rely on local measurements UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 15 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 14 Operations At any time the control engineer can disable the PED if he believes it is not operating correctly using the System Enable control The Control Engineer shall have remote control of the PED and visibility of its transfers The main controls are System Enable
209. s a load where power is flowing from the 11 kV network W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 7 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 entice Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK 2 through the transformer to the SOP then the power will be negative If power is being injected into the network from the SOP then the power reference will be positive Power flow LU d sor gt A lt q lt P Positive P Negative P Positive P Positive P Negative Limit A limit is being defined as a physical operating constraint For example a 95 mm cable is only able to carry 235 A of continuous current per phase The maximum feeder current is limited by the thermal properties of the cable If the cable is operated at over current continually then the cable will heat to a higher temperature and this could cause failure However the cable may be operated at an over current for a short period of time This is known as the cyclic rating which for 95 mm cable is 290 A For the SOP input parameters the cyclic rating will be considered the limit Threshold A threshold is a pre defined value where once reached the SOP would decide if act
210. s shown in Figure 61 The phase A voltage at inverter B has been superimposed onto this graph to show how current transfer changes when the voltage is varied Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 66 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE I POWER NETWORKS WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 200 180 160 140 m e N eo Current A m e eo o 80 60 40 20 15 10 At AVR tap 14 SOP begins current absorption to limit At AVR tap 3 SOP begins current Injection to support voltage support turn OFF SOP voltage support limit nverterA current reached nverterB current InverterC current Voltage inverter B 15 30 15 50 16 10 16 30 16 50 Time HH MM Figure 61 SOP phase A RMS current and inverter B phase A RMS voltage Voltage support algorithm misses threshold 245 240 235 230 225 220 215 210 The total three phase active power transfer at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 62 It can be observed that as the voltage is reduced at inverter B inverter B begins to export active power and as the voltage is increased inverter B begins to import active power Inverter A compensates for the active power transfer at inverter B It should be noted that when the voltage is decreased in steps the active power export follows the voltage st
211. sensitivity of the human ear The C weighting is weighted more towards peak sound levels i e loud noise levels 4 5 It was noted that the SOP produced a high pitched audio noise during the test and an audio noise of a similar frequency could be observed at the substation transformers connected to the SOP substation A inverter C substation D inverter B and substation inverter A The frequency of the noise was not recorded however the A weighted and C weighted audio noise was recorded using the AMPROBE SM 10 Sound Level Meter as shown in Figure 24 The maximum audio levels were 73 6 dB A and 75 6 dB C This is less than the lower threshold limits at which preventive action must be taken as specified by the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 6 in this standard the limits are 80 db A and 135 db A From Figure 24 it can be observed that in nearly all cases the C weighting is higher than the A weighting and the higher audio recordings are at positions 1 4 and 8 This is likely to be due to these positions being closer to the coolant system which generates noise via the integrated pump and fan The AMPROBE SM 10 Sound Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 32 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Ne UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE Level Meter user manual 7 indicates that a higher C rating than A rating is
212. seseseeeeseeeeennenennere nennen 8 Figure 3 Cable entry mirrored on other side seeeeseeeeeeenennn 10 Figure 4 Long life fans positioned in fan box sssme 11 Figure 5 Fan Box With Top Skin Removed to Show Internal Fan Plenum Chambers 11 Figure 6 Forced air cooling arrangements Unfiltered and filtered for power electronics 11 Figure 7 LV monitoring for both Substations sssseeeennm 12 Figure 8 Example of PED Symbol iere orate egest oet tub Peste eoa eite e Sonate baa 13 Figure 9 PowerOn PED Symbol Ret gu heap ub ere R de 13 Figure 10 Communications architecture 14 Tables Table 1 SPN radial SIGS esr pe tes Motos deed tee Re ho tee ita ie Re a ID 8 Table 2 LbPN tadial Slte8 see rore er ER heat eod Ee este pent Leve Laeti ote Cala 9 Table 3 LPN interconnected sit6s de ro pe ext ERR Kev Rh RR Ee a pan hh 9 UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 4 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 1 Introduction The overarching aim of the Flexible Urban Networks LV FUN LV project is to explore the use of power electronics to enable deferral of reinforcement and facilitate the connection of low carbon technologies and distributed generation in urban areas by meshing existing radial networks and by removing boundaries within existing meshed networks Th
213. sformer import trip see Appendix A The current measured by the LV Monitoring Transformer Unit at substation D is compared to the transformer import trip setting corresponding to substation D If the measured current is in excess of the threshold the SOP will inject current The testing plan is specified in 2 and the log from the test is listed in the following section This test evaluated the SOP communication systems ability to monitor the load current and transfer this information via the DNP3 communication system to the SOP algorithm This test also evaluated the SOP algorithms response to this information 4 9 1 Method The network configuration for the End to End test is shown in Figure 64 In this test load bank 6 was controlled to test the SOP s response to a load increase Loadbank 7 was not used in this test Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 70 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE VAINC J9UJJOJSUEJ UO 18 OS 9669 r MI 2 ue MI 8 o iu o w o zi Test bay E No 2 LP YX 400V 11kV S Y T E i i E o SOP MI 6 S Inverter C AERE db i 2 M substation A 315kV 2 4 66 3 e 5 0 117 j0 014 ohms 8 MI3 n T MI 9 5 e Test bay E No 2 v Test bay E No 1 o LUE 400V iikV 4 wo 1 1 o m Se L Not used 3 Inverter A H
214. substation A 8 Using the SOP HMI inverter C was decreased to export 80 kW in one step 25 96 capacity of substation A 9 Using the SOP HMI inverter B was increased in 50 kW steps to export 200 kW 100 96 capacity of substation A 10 Using the SOP HMI inverter B was decreased to export 80 kW 40 96 capacity of substation A 11 Using the SOP HMI inverter B substation D and inverter C substation A were set to 0 kW in one step 12 As specified in section 3 1 because inverter A substation I is the slack bus that imports or exports power to compensate for the exported imported powers of inverters B and C the HMI does not allow the user to specify a power import of export at inverter A In order to control inverter A to inject power inverter B and inverter C were set to negative values on the HMI interface 13 Using the SOP HMI inverter B was increased in 50 kW steps to import 160 kW last step of 10 kW 14 Using the SOP HMI inverter C was increased in 50 kW steps to 160 kW last step of 10 kW 15 This resulted in inverter A injecting 320 kW to compensate 16 Using the SOP HMI inverter B substation D and inverter C substation A were set to O kW in one step Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 16 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 17 The SOP was
215. sure guidelines 8 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 49 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 6 Phaseunbalance improvement test single phase real power support The objective of this test is to record the operation of the SOP when a single phase primarily resistive load is connected to the 400 V side of substation A as shown in Figure 45 This test evaluated the SOP s ability to provide power to the single phase load The desired behaviour from the SOP in this test is to supply active power to the resistive load to reduce phase voltage imbalance The testing plan is specified in 2 and the log from the test is listed in the following section 9669 VAINC J9UJJ0JsUeJ UOIeJOs GO GM substation A 315kVA 4 66 0 117 j0 014 ohms Test bay E No 1 Test bay E No 2 400V 11kV 7 HS Inverter B Wea Pered ALAE ESETE GM substation D 200kVA 4 8896 0 117 j0 014 ohms Test bay E No 1 Loadbank 6 Figure 45 PNDC network configuration for phase unbalance improvement test o j o o wo Az o 2 3 wn o Test bay E No 2 400V TikV E L OKAY ki SOP S Inverter C o 2 3 Test bay E No 2 i z melaa Inverter A i MO Eia M substation 500kV 4 8196 o o Be o Rud o o Ko o gt 3 n Doc No
216. t 170 kW and inverter C set to O kW 50 loading are shown in Figure 26 It can be observed that in nearly all cases the EMF is higher at the higher power outputs as would probably be expected It can also be observed that the highest measurement was observed at location 4 the cause of this higher reading is unknown The 1998 ICNIRP exposure guidelines 8 specify that the electric field should not exceed 9 0 kV m It can be observed that this electric field limit is not exceed for any location or power injection setting B B Inverter B Inverter C 170kW 19 Inverter B 170kW Inverter C OkW 1 2 3 4 5 6 y 8 Location of measurement EMF 0 100kHz range V m o OrRPNWHRUDON Figure 26 EMF measurements 0 100kHz range 4 2 3 Conclusions The test results confirm that when controlled to do so the SOP is capable of transferring three phase active power over a 5 h period It should be noted that during this test oscillations were observed in the real and reactive power output from the SOP and the SOP tripped three times The cause of these trip events is unknown TPS have been consulted and have been unable to identify a cause for the trips They have advised that they have resolved issues relating to the inverter IGBTs and MCCB closing circuitry maloperating since this test and these problems may have caused the uncontrolled trips The test results also show that the maximum temperature the SOP reached over this test period was 20 3 C
217. t Power Electronic Device Figure 5 Test configuration photograph Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 15 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 DEMONSTRATION CENTRE P e UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 4 1 Balanced three phase load test The objective of this test is to record the operation of the SOP when the three phase active power output from the SOP is controlled using the HMI The SOP was controlled to export varying levels of balanced three phase active power from each inverter in turn The amount of power the SOP was controlled to export into the network was based on the rating of the transformer each inverter was connected to e g inverter B within the SOP was connected to substation D which has a rating of 200 kVA therefore inverter B was controlled to export up to 200 kVA at a pf of 1 As specified in section 3 inverter A cannot be controlled directly To achieve the objective of this test inverter A was controlled to export active power by setting a negative power on inverter B and inverter C This meant inverter B and inverter C imported active power To balance the import at inverter B and C inverter A was controlled by the SOP control system to export power This test evaluates the SOP s capability to transfer power from one inverter to another based on the HMI setting or commanded operation this test
218. t immediate current threshold breech nverter C phase A current N 0 09 00 09 05 09 10 09 15 09 20 09 25 09 30 09 35 09 40 09 45 09 50 09 55 10 00 10 05 Time HH MM Figure 66 Phase A RMS current output from SOP inverters 250 249 248 247 246 245 244 A 243 242 Oo gt 241 Inverter A Phase A Inverter A phase B 240 Inverter A phase C 239 Inverter B phase A Inverter B phase B 238 Inverter B Phase C 237 Inverter C phase A Inverter C phase B 236 Inverter C phase C 235 08 20 08 35 08 50 09 05 09 20 09 35 09 50 10 05 Time HH MM Figure 67 Voltage output from SOP inverters Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 74 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE After the voltage support part of the algorithm was disabled the SOP was re enabled and load bank 6 was increased from 0 kW in 10 kW increments up to 30 kW At the 30 kW load step 43 A load current observed the SOP began injecting current from inverter B This is the expected response from the SOP However instead of a constant magnitude of current the current began oscillating as shown in the period marked as 1 in Figure 68 180 140 120 100 Current A 60 40 20 80 1 10 06 10 20 10 34 10 49 11 03 11 18 11 32 11 46 Time HH MM Figure 68
219. t plan specifies that for this step the network frequency should be increased to 49 7 Hz instead of 50 Hz but because of the error on the thresholds observed in the earlier under frequency part of this test the decision was made to increase the frequency to 50 Hz to observed the SOP exiting the inhibit state Again this is unexpected behaviour based on the frequency protection when the frequency enters the allowed zone i e greater than 49 5 Hz the SOP should leave the inhibit state after a 5 s delay The next stage of the test was to evaluate the over frequency protection The frequency was increased to 50 3 Hz and the SOP was observed to not enter an inhibit state over a three minute period This is the expected response from the SOP over frequency protection The frequency was then increased to 50 7 Hz and the SOP was observed to not enter an inhibit state over a one minute period This is unexpected behaviour based on the frequency protection when the frequency increases above the 50 5 Hz threshold the SOP should enter an inhibit state after one minute of the threshold being exceeded Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 83 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 12 13 14 15 16 53 0 52 5 52 0 51 5 51 0 50 5 50 0 gt o c 49 5 2 9 49 0
220. tage is 35Vdc As always there will be a need to test for dead once the cabinets have been opened to ensure that the unit is safe to work on Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 122 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer SDRC 9 4 Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 oe r j Delivering your electricity W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx tworks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registere 1870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 2 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 etico Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK a Project Accreditations Report written by Imperial College for the demonstration of autonomous power transfer between connected substations based on operational data Data presented in this report was collected during testing at the Power Networks Demonstration Centre and at selected sites during the start of the SOP field trials Imperial College London W 09 FUN LV X03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office
221. tage support on or off Power Factor Correction Enable Power factor correction on or off Phase Imbalance Improvement Enable Phase imbalance improvement on or off Harmonic Improvement Enable Harmonic improvement on or off Each of these functions can be independently controlled Initially only one function will be enabled at any one time For example if real power transfer is enabled then the measured demands are compared to the transformer rating and an amount of capacity sharing takes place If both transformers are within their ratings then the PED remains in an active standby mode and continues to monitor transformer demand As experience is increased the algorithm controlling the PED will be enhanced to autonomously select the functions to maximise the benefits If the LV network needs to be reconfigured and one of the monitored substations will be no longer electrically connected to the PED then before any linking operations are carried out the PED shall be disabled using the System Enable control Once the reconfigured network arrangement is complete the Port Enable control should switch off the Port that will be no longer involved in capacity sharing Once the PED is switched on again using the System Enable control the PED will operate as a two terminal PED with all functions available 16 Training Directors and Line managers are responsible for ensuring that suitable and sufficient training is given to all staff involved in the
222. talled in the interconnected LV networks of London four units in the radial London LV network and four units in the radial Brighton LV network Each PED is installed in a distribution substation and shares the capacity between the substation in which it is located and two other substations The transformer demand is monitored at each of the three substations and is sent to the PED which determines whether capacity sharing is required LV monitoring systems have been installed at each substation in the trial to determine the demand of the transformer and guard the current flow of the spine circuit 2 Scope This standard has been published because UK Power Networks is installing novel LV power electronics devices into distribution substations in London and Brighton as Soft Open Points which allow capacity sharing without increasing the fault level These devices are novel and as such are not covered by any existing manuals or guidance documents Operational staff and Network Control need to know what to do to ensure safety is maintained The expectation is that if a PED needs to be maintained or replaced then Turbo Power Systems the Supplier will carry out the actual work UK Power Networks operational staff will isolate and make the equipment safe before it is maintained This document does not cover the installation or commissioning of the PED This document is intended for internal use only UK Power Networks 2015 All rights r
223. te ORAL Uncontrolled SOP turn i Saw Final load bankstep Uncontrolled SOP turn off diagnostic code 254 P Load bank set to 246kVA 210 applied 352kVA off and self re enable 10 30 10 40 10 50 11 00 11 10 11 20 11 30 11 40 11 50 12 00 12 10 12 20 12 30 12 40 Time HH MM Figure 49 Phase A RMS voltage recorded at SOP terminals The three phase current recorded at inverter A of the SOP is shown in Figure 50 In this graph it can be observed that 1 The inverter tripping due to neutral overcurrent protection is observed as zero current dips TPS have advised that the neutral overcurrent protection setting is 200 A however the neutral overcurrent recorded at the time of the inverter tripping is recorded as 43 3 A in the first test and 49 8 A in the second test This is an area that may require further investigation 2 Inthe first test 10 40 to 11 18 the SOP does not inject current into phase A as the load is increased During this test it was observed that the SOP does not breach the voltage threshold In order to evaluate the SOP s capability to support a single phase load this threshold was reduced prior to the second test 11 27 to 12 01 The original threshold settings on the HMI and the modified settings are given in Table 4 see Appendix A for a more detailed explanation of these thresholds Please note that the values are rounded to integers when the HMI interprets them and the thresholds have a greater than less than relations
224. tection system The control system constantly monitors the power electronics and other auxiliary equipment When a fault is detected it trips the circuit breakers removing the PED from the network As no customers are fed through the PED this operation does not generate any customer interruptions An alarm is sent to the control room The DC busbars positive neutral and negative and other internal power electronics components are supported on insulated plastic blocks and isolated from earth The panels are connected via a bolted connection to the LV distribution board Neutral Earth busbar The residual current is calculated and used to protect the unearthed power electronics components In an emergency operational staff have an emergency stop button installed on the PED door that trips the circuit breakers Mug sles eee Weel tee 000 eee ee ee ee 777777 777777 ENCLOSURE CHASSIS LA T l i j I O L CURENT SENSOR GF Detection Card 1 50 Amps gt CB gt CB gt CB O Substation Substation Substation PE Neutral A B c Figure 5 Filters and Inverters single line diagram UK Power Net
225. ted by disabling and then re enabling on the HMI 3 SOP trip 3 4 h 38 min into the test Remedial action SOP was restarted by disabling and then re enabling on the HMI 4 SOP trip 4 4 h 45 min into the test Remedial action SOP was restarted by disabling and then re enabling on the HMI 4 3 2 Results and Analysis The power quality temperature audio and EMF test data is graphed below There were several changes observed in the response when compared with the previous load cycle test load cycle test 1 these changes are listed below 1 The oscillation in the voltage waveform was still observed but the rate of change in the oscillation was reduced This is likely to be as a result of the software update that was applied at the end of load cycle test 1 voltage output limit increased on the resonant controllers 2 The oscillation in current active power and reactive power waveforms were also reduced to a negligible level This is also likely to be as a result of the software update voltage output limit increased on the resonant controllers 3 The average magnitude of the THDv and THDi are similar for both tests but the oscillation in magnitude was reduced in test 2 4 The maximum temperature was approximately 1 C higher in test 2 and it occurred 30 mins earlier in the test The disparity between the tests is likely to be influenced by the erratic nature of the SOP unexpected trip events and also by the ambient tempera
226. tended period and the EMF generated by the SOP at different power outputs The testing plan is specified in 2 and the log from the test is listed in the following section 222cm FRONT 10cm 37cm 74cm 74cm 37cm o gt lt gt lt gt lt HM o N O 3 PALETTE Figure 16 Audio noise surface temperature and EMF measurement locations 4 2 1 Log of test procedure The list below describes the procedure followed during testing as specified in the testing plan 2 1 The SOP was enabled see introduction of section 3 for explanation 2 Usingthe SOP HMI inverter B and inverter C were set to a Inverter B substation D export set to 50 kW from 0 kW in one 50 kW step Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 26 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 DEMONSTRATION CENTRE iA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device 10 11 12 13 4 2 2 b Inverter C Substation A export set to 80 kW from 0 kW in one 80 kW step Using the SOP HMI inverter B and inverter C were increased to export 170 kW in one step Note At this stage of testing the current injection of 450 A was not achieved at inverter A substation I and the recorded current was oscillating up to approximately 427 A and down to approximately 361 A TPS have suggested that the oscillating current is a result of the controller within the SOP being set
227. test was first run with the SOP disconnected and one FLUKE 435 power quality analysers was deployed to monitor the terminals of the load bank The test was then repeated with the same load profile and the SOP connected The recording of the load profile with the SOP disconnected is shown in Figure 48 Please note that the load was controlled to step in 5 kW 1 kVAr increments from 0 kW 0 kVAr to 50 kW 10 kVar but due to limitations within the load bank control system there was some error associated with each step e g load profile step 1 was controlled to 5 kW 1 kVAr but the observed step from Figure 48 was 8 4 kW 1 4 kVAr 60 12 55 Active power 11 50 Reactive power 45 Active Power HR N N Ww WwW ul e ul e ul Reactive Power kVAr O e N Ww A UT DN CO LO 09 51 09 52 09 53 09 54 09 55 09 56 Time HH MM Figure 48 Load profile for phase unbalance test The phase A voltage recorded at each SOP inverter is shown in Figure 49 In this graph it can be observed how the voltage at the terminals of the SOP decreases as the load on phase A of inverter C is increased There are several points to note from this test 1 When the SOP is enabled via the HMI the voltage at the terminals of the SOP increases by approximately by 5V This can be observed at 10 36 TPS have advised that this may be caused by the SOP applying phase correction 2 At load profile step 8 40 5 kW 9 9 kVAr or higher the SOP will trip du
228. that link box is part of the FUN LV demonstration and the control engineer should be contacted before any linking takes place Copies of these labels are contained in Appendix B The pavement mounted PED will have locked doors on three sides The control enclosure door allows access to the circuit breakers The larger side doors have the power electronics components and active filters Secondary isolation barriers are present behind each door to prevent contact with live parts when doors are open UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 9 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 8 Method of Connection A 185mm cable will be terminated into the lower main enclosure The flexible copper connections pass through into the control enclosure where the circuit breakers are housed Li Li LA Phase connections Ay Neutral Earth connection Figure 3 Cable entry mirrored on other side UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 10 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 9 Air Cooling The PED is forced air cooled with unfiltered air being drawn in from the bottom passed over the filters and inverters and vented from the top Filtered forced air passes through the control enclosure and the internal heat sink surface Figure 4 Long life fans Figure 5 Fan Box With To
229. the previous load cycle test The update also removed the offset between the power settings on the HMI and the measured power values The trends observed in the temperature audio and EMF recordings were observed to remain consistent with minor disparities being attributed to e The SOP unexpected trips e Changes in the ambient temperature of the test environment e Variations in ambient noise e Ambient EMF generated by other test equipment As in the previous load cycle test the SOP was observed to trip unexpectedly during this test As with the previous test the cause of these trip events is unknown TPS have been consulted and have been unable to identify a cause for the trips but advise they have resolved issues relating to the inverter IGBTs and MCCB closing circuitry maloperating since this test and these problems may have caused the uncontrolled trips Also as in the previous test the max temperature was noted to comply with UKPN s requirement that the SOP does not exceed 20 C of ambient the maximum audio noise A and C weightings comply with the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 6 and the EMF measurements were found to comply with the electric field limits specified in the 1998 ICNIRP exposure guidelines 8 Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 41 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 P e UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONS
230. tlon cerne rete ha eel 19 22 FREPOK SINC m 20 Appendix A General Arrangement eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennen enne nenne nnnnnnn nnn nnns 21 Appendix B Substation and link box Labels eene 22 Appendix C Basic Power Electronics Switching eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 24 Appendix D Asset Registration eeeeeeeeeeeeesee ee eeeeeeeennnen enn nn nnn nnne nnn nns 26 Appendix E Example of Operational Instruction Card 27 UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 3 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Figures Figure 1 Three terminal PED doors removed ccceeeeeeeeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeeeeeeeeennnaaeees 8 Figure 2 Single line AC connections sic icciccideeiadinsiaeeetiidetavershliceinotetarshieeetcatedanentieeetive 10 Figure 3 LV distribution board with modified fuse carriers seeeeeeeeeess 11 Figure 4 Short 660A horizontal clamp esssseeeennnnnn eere 11 Figure 5 Filters and Inverters single line diagram ssseeeeeee 12 Figure 6 LV monitoring for Substation B and C eessssseeeeeeeeee 13 Figure 7 Cooling System os ad con
231. to increase It can be surmised from this response that as one would expect the surface temperature of the SOP will increase in relation to the power output The specification provided by TPS states that the surface temperature of the SOP should not exceed 20 C of ambient The ambient temperature was in excess of 4 C for the duration of the test therefore this limit was never exceeded This is also true when the test is repeated in section 4 3 21 20 19 18 EY o m e Ui e Location 1 e Location 2 Location 3 ja WwW e Location 4 m e N Tempearture oC ja B e Location 5 pa pa e Location 6 j eo e Location 7 e Location 8 10 30 11 00 11 30 12 00 12 30 13 00 13 30 14 00 14 30 15 00 15 30 16 00 Time HH MM Figure 23 Temperature measurements on SOP surface The audio noise measurements recorded for HMI settings of Inverter B and inverter C set to export 170 kW are shown in Figure 24 An A weighting is used to measure average noise levels and a C weighting to measure peak impact or explosive noises 3 The weighting is a scaling factor applied to the instrument recorded sound levels to account for the human ears perception of loudness as a function of frequency 4 5 By convention the A weighting is commonly used for evaluating the environmental and industrial impact of noise on hearing damage as it closely emulates the frequency
232. to operate too quickly or too slowly He also suggested that there may have been a software limit within the SOP controller that is preventing the 450 A export being achieved A software update was installed at the end of this test day to address these issues This software update resolved the problem as demonstrated in section 4 3 Load cycle test 2 These SOP HMI settings were maintained for 2 hours During this period the EMF measurements recorded using Metrix VX0100 Electric Field Tester and audio measurements AMPROBE SM 10 Sound Level Meter were taken Temperatures were recorded every 30mins from the beginning of the test recorded using Testo 905 T2 surface temperature sensor After 2h the HMI settings of inverter B and inverter C were reduced to a Inverter B substation D export set to 50 kW from 170 kW in one step b Inverter C Substation A export set to 80 kW from 170 kW in one step These HMI settings were maintained for 1 hour Using the SOP HMI inverter B and inverter C were increased to export 170 kW in one step These HMI settings were maintained for 2 hours The HMI settings of inverter C was set to O kW in one step and the HMI settings of inverter B was maintained at export 170 kW During this period the EMF measurements and audio measurements were re taken at the reduced SOP power output Results and Analysis During the test the following points were noted 1 The SOP tripped unexpectedly three t
233. transformer demand and current of the spine circuit to drive the PED algorithm This data will provide the necessary evidence to complete the business case and demonstrate that power electronics is able to realise benefits when connected to a LV network Table 1 SPN radial sites ID S S A and PED location S S B S S C 3 1 ad Prudential Nori Steet 555944 crei Ti 523230 New Road T1 S3 2 522916 Robert Street T1 521244 Marlborough Place T1 523193 Gloucester Street T1 S3 3 523036 Church Street N2 523259 King Street T1 523615 Bond Street T1 S3 4 523025 Kings Road T1 T2 523751 West Street 77 T1 523173 Black Lion Street T1 Table 2 LPN radial sites ID S S A S SB S SC S S PED L3 1 07141 Felsham Rd 124 XP Bemish Rd R O 07132 Biggs Row G 07141 Felsham Rd 124 30792 Shirland Rd 30157 Amberley Rd 30123 Ellwood Ct L3 2 Charfield Ct 90759 Shirland Rd 4t ned Shirland Rd LV Only 06194 Bushey Rd East i 7 08070 Bushey Rd L3 3 G 06602 The Chase G 06627 Whatley Ave G West LV Only L34 90415 Fiveways 90272 Minet Rd 90325 Rupert Gardens ae ES Guinness Trust G Loughborough School N A Only Table 3 LPN interconnected sites ID S S A S S B S S C S S PED L3 1i 24410 Shaftesbury Ave 24409 Stacey St 31023 Charing X Rd 24410 Shaftesbury Ave 125 82 125 34174 Welbeck St 33 3417
234. tting imer short time delay tip l 0 6 1 2 1 8 2 4 3 3 6 4 2 59 jand tip charactoriste wit 64 7 7 60 24 8 9 4 10 x iri irmerse Gree Pt K or definite eese veleubrenaidjoltvgn cna pu itme giectronic setting i p Q60 10xim stepo xn I setting 1 0 6 1 2 1 4 2 4 3 36 4 2 68 64 7 7 6626 8 60 4 10x00 t k i setting it 0 60 10x1n step Ox n Tolerance 10 i LAgainst short crout war Manual instantaneous trip il 1 8 2 5 3 4 4 8 8 8 5 6 8 7 7 5 8 9 8 5 10 5 12 x im i Stator tomer te AZ eta o M i ita i anstantanecus i i x iL t5 1 2xm9 stepotxn i I oterance 10 Against earth taut erth Manua setting eenigen Arvense short me delaty il 0 2 0 28 0 45 0 85 0 75 0 8 upto upto upto upio i i ling ana trp characterise 1 xin 1215x1 225 x1 t6xi v10xl iacoorang to an inverse time it 0 15 t 0 28 ty 0 48 t rote la ioe curve Pik jt f f i Bisctronic setting Biectrenic setting i 02 1x stepoixm 3 01 08 step 0 016 i Tolerance e 10 Toleranca 15 Thane ttiurances not In t towing contone 1 soas fer MAX sting tef powersd trip nE at 54i pow andor adlar y susply two cr three phass poner sappy en i Wlectmnic jManuat In condone other than thoes considered the fotowing tolerances holt 74330 i T8939 0fe mpos jMe29 0 1 i A For T in 320 Aand TS n 32 A TEN 10004 i max e 05 x mandi were
235. ture of the test environment As in the previous test the max temperature complies with UKPN s requirement that the SOP does not exceed 20 C of ambient 5 The audio noise measurements are similar for both tests Any small disparity between the tests is likely to be caused by 1 variations in ambient noise and 2 measurement error As in load cycle test Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 35 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 1 the audio noise is less than the lower threshold limits at which preventive action must be taken as specified by the Control of Noise at Work Regulations 2005 6 in this standard the limits are 80 db A and 135 db A 6 The trend of EMF measurement with regards to measurement location is consistent between both tests However it can be observed that the difference between the maximum and minimum values is larger when the HMI is set to Inverter B export 170 kW and inverter C set to O kW The cause of this disparity is unknown but may be influenced by ambient EMF generated by other test equipment the test area was not shielded from outside interference As in the previous test the EMF measurements were found to comply with the electric field limits specified in the 1998 ICNIRP exposure guidelines 8 242 wo eo 238 N w o Inverte
236. ty This procedure will be completed prior to the first test and after any subsequent work by TPS within the SOP Prior to this procedure operational control will be given from the PNDC to TPS and after this procedure is completed TPS will return operational control to the PNDC 1 2 3 4 5 6 With the unit isolated and no power to any of the equipment or auxiliary devices test equipment open the right three inverter cabinets using the key provided the multimeter fitted to the end cabinet can be used to observe that the DC Link voltage within the cabinet is below a safe working voltage however this is for indication only Test for dead using both a proving unit and voltmeter Unlock the circuit breakers MCCB within the cabinets by removing the padlocks The MCCB in each cabinet should then be placed in the automatic position All MCCBs at this point should be in the off position If the MCCB is not in the off position then set the MCCB to manual and place the MCCB in its off position by depressing the off button on the MCCB Return the MCCB to automatic Close the 3 inverter cabinet doors Open the control cabinet door and close all the circuit breakers Close the control cabinet door Make all external connections PNDC responsibility 1 With the power isolated and locked off at the test bay distribution boards connect the three grid supplies to the connectors on the front of the inverter SOP NB Substation I will
237. ur HH MM Hour HH MM Hour HH MM state operating Reactive Power per phase Reactive Power per phase Reactive Power per phase point 15 15 15 _ 10 10 10 lt z5 5 5 0 0 0 5 5 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM Current per phase 100 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM 5 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM Current per phase 100 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM r r ane Voltage per phase Bui Voltage per phase T Voltage per phase 250 250 250 245 245 245 E 240 240 240 gt 235 235 235 230 230 230 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM Current per phase 100 400 400 400 300 300 300 e v 200 200 200 E 0 0 14 35 15 05 15 35 16 05 Hour HH MM Figure 7 5 Event 2 of the SOP transferring real power to equalise the transformers W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office 4 docx A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 29 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK Power Networks Delivering your electricity 12 Aug 2015 14 35 00 12 Aug 2015 16 25 00 SDRC 9
238. using the following script provided by Imperial College London SOP V L1 Vrms L1 0 SOP V L2 Vrms L2 2 pi 3 SOP V L3 Vrms L2 2 pi 3 SOP V0 x SOP V L1 1 cos SOP V L1 2 SOP V L2 1 cos SOP V L2 2 SOP V L3 1 cos SOP V L3 2 SOP V0 y SOP V L1 1 sin SOP V L1 2 SOP V L2 1 sin SOP V L2 2 SOP V L3 1 sin SOP V L3 2 SOP V0 Dbl sqrt SOP V0 x SOP VO x SOP VO y SOP VO y SOP V0 intl16 SOP VO Dbl Using this calculation the algorithm will interpret the recorded phase voltages in Figure 51 as a zero sequence voltage of VO equal to 9 V The threshold for the algorithm is VO equal to 2 V This would suggest that the algorithm should have operated at an earlier step After consultation with Imperial College London it is proposed that the cause of this error is within the algorithm or the current measurements of the SOP Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 56 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 WA UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 230 11 42 225 04 420 Inverter C phase A voltage 228 nverterC phase B voltage 226 InverterC phase C voltage 400 l Inverter C phase A current 224 J 380 222 z amp 220 360 z g S 218 G 340 216 214 11 42 216 32 320 212 210 300 11 30 11 35 11 40 11 45 11 50 11 55 Time HH MM Figure 51 Inverter C RMS phase volt
239. ution networks must be registered in the Asset Management System previously Ellipse in accordance with EOP 12 0215 Asset Registration Recording New or Amended Asset Information in Ellipse A template will be prepared to register each installation 21 PowerOn and Netmap GE have produced an Advanced DMS system which has a dynamic LV network diagram with functionality similar to the HV network diagram showing energised states current flows and voltage analogues The Netmap diagram will show the position of the PED and the cable jointing that has been installed UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 17 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Date 13 04 2015 Document Number EOS 09 0043 22 References DSR Distribution Safety Rules EDS 09 0040 Dual terminal Power Electronics Device EOP 12 0215 Asset Registration Recording New or Amended Asset Information in Ellipse EOS 01 0053 Installation and Operation of Monitoring Equipment on LV Distribution Equipment LPN _V1 00 _V1 00 _V1 00 FUNLV_SP_WS1_Site selection 2 4 SPN V1 00 FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 2 4 LPN V1 00 FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 2 1i LPN FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 2 2i LPN V1 00 FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 2 3i FUNLV SP WS1 Site selection 2 4i LPN LPN LPN V1 00 LPN V1 00 UK Power Networks 2015 All
240. wer transfer between the two substations that Inverter B and Inverter C interconnect At 16 30 when the threshold of Inverter B is set Inverter B starts to inject power into the network in order to increase to voltage Power injection increases until 16 23 when the power limit is reached and the algorithm is hold the power export constant This demonstrates the algorithms ability to prevent the SOP exporting more power than set by the user For example one port of the SOP may be connected to a smaller feeder or smaller transformer and the port will need to ensure it doesn t exceed the rating of the network assets Power injection on Inverter B is reduced at 16 44 and Inverter B starts to absorb power at 16 48 in order to support the high voltage constraint W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 15 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power Networks Delivering your electricity Demonstration of power transfer The SOP algorithm was programed to autonomously run and the algorithm determined the power set points The points of interest from the test are as follows The inverter started to support at 16 03 when the voltage at the terminal of the
241. wer transfer mode has been enabled and all other modes of operation have been disabled This means the SOP will only solve feeder and transformer constraints The thresholds related to voltage reactive power and unbalance will be ignored and the SOP will operate until the voltage reaches either a minimum or a maximum of 216 V or 250 V respectively From Figure 7 3 it is possible to determine the function that the algorithm supports At 13 10 the transformer connected to Port A has a smaller percentage of load with respect to the transformer capacity than the other W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 22 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK SDRC 9 4 Power B Networks Delivering your electricity transformers This is shown by the set signal for the graph Tx Load Low for Port A is high For Port B the transformer loading as a percentage of the transformer capacity is greater than the other transformers The set signal for the graph Tx Load Hi is high For Port C none of the set signals are high To equalise the transformers connected to Port A and Port B the SOP must import power from Port A and inject power into Port B Figure 7 1 at 13 10 s
242. without external intervention at 12 11 SOP tripped off at 12 11 HMI export settings still applied at this stage At 12 12 via HMI set a Inverter BO kW b Inverter C O kW Enabled SOP via HMI at 12 12 State 3 3 3 observed SOP turned on and state observed as 12 22 22 via HMI To determine whether a lower level of export would still result in a trip out at 12 13 via HMI set a Inverter B export 10kW b Inverter C export 10kW Observed voltage at 251V on all inverters SOP tripped off at 12 15 SOP disabled via HMI at 12 16 Inverter B and inverter C set to OKW at 12 16 PNDC network de energised at 12 22 These results show that with the update to the resonant controller and DC link threshold the SOP will operate at higher voltages without harmonics in the SOP power output observed in earlier tests However the SOP was observed to trip out when the network phase voltage was set to 246 V and the SOP was controlled to inject active power This is an area that may require further investigation as the SOP tripping out as observed in this test is likely to occur on networks where the voltage is being run in excess of 246 V Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 52 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 a UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE K POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 255 250 nverterA nverterB 245 nverterC
243. works 2015 All rights reserved 12 of 27 FUN LV Multi terminal Power Electronics Devices Document Number EOS 09 0042 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 10 LV Monitoring Systems An Ormazabal or GMC I Prosys LV monitoring system is being used to monitor the real and reactive power demand on each transformer as well as flowing through the spine circuits This system is re using legacy equipment from a previous Low Carbon Networks Fund LCNF project and new single card monitoring units each with a GPRS communications link EOS 01 0053 Installation and Operation of Monitoring Equipment on LV Distribution Equipment describes the methods of installation operation and decommissioning In the case of open boards where the LV transformer tails are safely accessible to fit the Rogowski current sensor then one monitor will monitor the transformer demand and a second will monitor the spine circuit gt a Transformer tails monitored Voltage connections using modified carrier with 4mm plug Spine circuit monitored peace E Figure 6 LV monitoring for Substation B and C In the case of confined modern pillar where access to the transformer tails is difficult then all the outgoing ways will need to be monitored Legacy Ormazabal four card monitoring units will be reused in this situation Under normal operations it should not be necessary to remove the Rogowski coils However to measure real and reactive power a voltage measurement is
244. x displays the measured analogue values from the LV monitoring systems and the PED ports The PED can be disabled by selecting the controls menu Closed Isolator Operating State Active i emperature Jorma Normal Temperature Master Alarm L__jLle le je NC C ae p u uu Emergency Stop Activated Number of Restarts Substation C Reactive Power Support Voltage Support Power Factor Correction Phase Imbalance Improvement Harmonic Improvement Figure 11 Combined Control and Analogue Box 19 Training Directors and Line Managers are responsible for ensuring that suitable and sufficient training is given to all staff involved in the project Full records of training are kept on the Learning Management System LMS Control Engineers will be familiarised with the monitoring and remote control of the PED Operational staff will be familiarised with the local operations 20 Points of Isolation When the control engineer sends a System disabled control to the PED e The PED control system reduces transfers e Sets the PED to standby mode and e Opens the circuit breakers within the PED The Control Engineer will be able to confirm the CB status is open 21 Asset Registration All assets connected to distribution networks must be registered in the Asset Management System previously Ellipse in accordance with EOP 12 0215 Asset Registration Recording New or Amended Asset Information in Ellipse A template has be
245. xport on Port B The SOP continues to reduce the export on Port B until the import on Port A is zero at 13 52 From 13 52 the SOP starts to increase the loading on Port A and uses to Port B to increase the export The loading on Port C also increases which it should not as the load on the transformer is already greater than the average Further investigation is required to understand if this is an issue in the release of the algorithm currently in testing or if further modification is required to prevent this from happening W 09 FUN LV X03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 23 of 36 Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer SDRC 9 4 UK Power Networks Delivering your electricity 12 Aug 2015 13 10 00 12 Aug 2015 14 00 00 SOP PortA Power per phase 100 50 Zo a 50 100 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Reactive Power per phase Q KVAr 2 a o a 2 a o a 5 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM Voltage per phase 230 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM ibs Current per phase 400 300 200 Irms V 2 3 100 0 13 10 13 20 13 30 13 40 13 50 14 00 Hour HH MM 100 S
246. y the profile of current from Inverter A matching the profile of current from Inverter B The difference in current is a result of the losses for both the switching circuits control electronics and cooling system W 09 FUN LV 03 Project Office A 02 Project Reporting 02 SDRC Reports SDRC 9 4 Evidence Automonous Power Transfer of the SOP vO 4 docx UK Power Networks Operations Limited Registered in England and Wales Registered No 3870728 Registered Office Newington House 237 Southwark Bridge Road London SE1 6NP Page 18 of 36 Power SDRC 9 4 eterne Delivering your electricity Demonstration of Autonomous Power Transfer UK e DD At the beginning of the test 10 00 until 11 45 the parameters in the algorithm were not set correctly and the SOP experienced hunting This lead to the algorithm ramping the power transfer up and down as can be seen by the ramping up and down of current After 11 45 the correct parameters were entered in the algorithm and the SOP reached steady state The load was increased to 80 kW and Inverter B transferred 30 A per phase to support the feeder such that the measurement was between 57 6 kW and 72 kW Once stable operation was achieved the load was reduced and the SOP stopped transferring power as support was no longer required 180 SOP exhibits hunting due ico a to incorrect parameters 9 Inverter A Phase 1 current 140 Inverter B phase 1 current 120 Inverter C phase 1 current
247. y and configuration parameter modification screens as well as default values for each of the parameters is given in Appendix A Where a parameter has been modified specifically for the test it will be specified in the test method section Doc No PNDC UKPN 001 FR 01 Page 10 of 122 Copyright The University of Strathclyde 12 06 2015 IP UNIVERSITY of STRATHCLYDE A POWER NETWORKS Testing of Soft Open Point Power Electronic Device WP DEMONSTRATION CENTRE 4 TEST SETUP AND RESULTS The SOP is connected to the PNDC electrical network as shown in Figure 3 The 11kV configuration of the PNDC electrical network is shown in Figure 4 This diagram shows the 11kV network configuration for the first three tests the balanced three phase load test Load cycle test 1 and load cycle test 2 In the later tests from the three phase reactive power support test onward the PNDC 11kV network was supplied from the MG Set this was a network operation decision and did not influence the testing plan There were two reasons for using the MG Set in the later tests 1 the MG set allows the network voltage to be modified faster than manually changing the tap setting of the isolation transformer used to change the voltage of the network while grid connected and 2 the MG set enables the voltage of the network to be changed in smaller increments The greater control afforded by using the MG set allowed the network voltage to be decreased until the
248. z The wave shape is achieved by changing the duration each of the switches operates for using Pulse Width Modulation PWM control U Switch state top Switch state bottom By controlling the width of the pulses the average output DC voltage is varied this is demonstrated in the change in level of the green trace Through a higher resolution of PWM an AC waveform can be built up from the PWM controlled DC i i i i i H i i HH i uM Because the firing of the IGBT s is entirely variable with time the precise firing angle can be altered an Depending how the waveform is generated and its difference in phase angle will determine which function is delivered For example having the waveform in advance of the network voltage reference results in power export UK Power Networks 2015 All rights reserved 22 of 24 FUN LV Dual terminal Power Electronics Device Document Number EOS 09 0043 Version 1 0 Date 13 04 2015 Appendix D Asset Registration Asset Registration will be carried out in accordance with EOP 12 0215 The following template needs to be completed Field Description Asset number Location Maker Turbo Power Systems TPS Type Dual terminal power electronics device Serial Number Operating voltage 400V Current rating 370A Year of manufacture 2015 Port A circuit name Port B circuit name UK Power Networks 20

Power Electronics Devices on LV networks – Appendices

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Power Electronics Devices on LV networks &ndash; Appendices

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Power Electronics Devices on LV networks – Appendices