SSC Programmer for XC2000 Microcontrollers
Contents
1. Part Component Price per Piece Printed Circuit Board 1 78 M25P80 Serial Flash U1 2 88 AT25128N EEPROM U2 0 66 SN74AHC125D Buffer Gate U3 0 25 TLE4274DV33 Voltage Regulator U4 0 70 Config Switch 1 0 38 Reset Button S2 0 70 LED D1 0 09 Resistors Capacitors R1 R16 C1 C2 CB1 CB4 0 62 16 pin Connection Header X1 0 29 PCB Connector optional X2 3 00 Sum w o optional connector 8 35 Application Note 30 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 SSC Programmer neon infit Appendix Schematic 6 6 uoauyjul _ I 1d WW Dy seBojompay vosmgur tuurid ISS CEAGHLEFTIL sm UASOENSCISCIV D voor Min ISWOd i Told EER ISAO son T AS ord E AS OR BT F Tea Em 301 skr N 2 l ND ois E 7 oor 8 Edd Za E 9 Std AS AS a AS GSCIOEVHNS ven T 7 Lid ax ip oa zm Jano E ASCIOHVELNS m l 9 Fea ASCIOHVELNS EN ES va n Jano Ae ASTIOHVELNS an I T su TOL a a E ls woor axe ASt EAEF D0A 8 9 1 V1 0 2007 09 31 Application Note ar AP16110 Cinfineon see Appendix Application Note 32 V1 0 2007 092. AP16110 In fineon SSC Programmer Hardware 2 2 Schematic and Technical Details The main parts of the tool s hardware are the 1 Mbyte serial flash M25P80 and the 128 Kbyte EEPROM AT25128N The buffer gate SN74AHC125 works as interface between the microcontroller and the serial flash module It is required here because the M25P80 operates with 3 3 V while the microcontroller uses a 5 V signal level The pull up resistors R3 R6 provide safe and stable signal levels at all times This is especially important for the two chip select lines CS is a low active signal the pull up resistors assure that both memory devices are disabled while the microcontroller does not actively drive a low signal e g during reset 3V3 A R1 10K B2 100n Figure3 Schematic Memory Devices and Buffer Gate The configuration switch S1 together with the pull up and pull down resistors R8 R15 provides the boot configuration for the microcontroller By applying a certain pattern to port 10 of the XC2000 the required boot mode SSC for programming ASC for setup can be selected Depending on the intended target hardware it may be necessary to adjust the values of these pull up and pull down resistors in order to provide the system with stable logical values during reset Information on the required logical values must be taken from the respective users manual or data sheet The XC2000
3. SPI_vSendByte 0x03 Translate SPI command sequences to SPI Protocol Layer serial data streams Transfer data directly to registers e g lo UVOCO_TBUF23 ubData AUS C USIC module manages signals and timing CS SCLK MTSR MRST Figure 13 Abstraction layer model 3 2 4 1 Function Layer The function layer is the top level abstraction layer in this project In principle this is the main function of the program It is responsible for initializing all necessary interfaces moving data from the serial flash to the internal flash and calculating the CRC value usic_spi_init Syntax void usic_spi_init void Parameters in none Parameters out none Description Initialize the USIC module turn on module UOCO set operating mode to SPI configure used I O pins Port 2 3 2 7 setup baud rate 1 MHz configure SPI protocol shift unit CS handling frame control configure used interrupts receive interrupt Application Note 19 V1 0 2007 09 or AP16110 Infineon SSC Programmer Software vCalcCRC Syntax void vCalcCRC ulFlashDestAddress uword uwNbytes Parameters in ulong ulFlashDestAddress uword uwNbytes Parameters out none Description Calculates the CRC value starting from the provided flash address over uwNbytes bytes The current CRC value is stored in a global variable 3 2 4 2 SPl Device Layer The SPl device layer is resp
4. The SPI bus is a master slave interface Whenever two devices communicate one is referred to as the master in this case the XC2000 microcontroller is always the master and the other as the slave device The master provides the serial clock and controls the chip select lines It is important to understand that data is simultaneously transmitted and received making SPI a full duplex protocol The naming of the SPI signals varies depending on the device manufacturer Table 1 shows the corresponding signals of all used devices as well as the original Motorola names Table 1 SPI Bus Naming Conventions Motorola Naming Infineon XC2000 ST M25P80 Atmel AT25128N MISO MRST Q SO MOSI MTSR D SI SCLK SCLK C SCK ISS ICSx IS ICS Application Note V1 0 2007 09 Infineon AP16110 SSC Programmer Hardware Figure 5 shows the general connection scheme for a single master and two slaves SPI bus application Each slave has one dedicated chip select line the other three signal lines are shared between the slave devices In order to avoid data collision on the MRST Master Receive Slave Transmit line the master has to assure that only one chip select line is active at a time Slaves with inactive CS lines ignore inputs output lines are set to high impedance During each clock cycle one bit is shifted into the slave device on the rising edge while one bit is shifted out on the falling edge of the clock T
5. ulong ulAddress none Page mode is the required mode to be able to program the internal flash Application Note 20 V1 0 2007 09 ar AP16110 Infineon SSC Programmer Software vLoadPageWord Syntax void vLoadPageWord ulong ulAddress ubyte pubData Parameters in ulong ulAddress ubyte pubData Parameters out none Description Fill the assembly buffer of the required page pubData is a pointer to an array vProgramPage Syntax void vProgramPage ulong ulAddress ubyte pubData Parameters in ulong ulAddress ubyte pubData Parameters out none Description Program one page of data 128 bytes at the provided address pubData is a pointer to an array The function calls vLoadPageWord to fill the assembly buffer vEraseSector Syntax void vEraseSector ulong ulAddress Parameters in ulong ulAddress Parameters out none Description Erase one sector of the internal flash 3 2 4 4 SPI Protocol Layer The SPl protocol layer is the low level layer responsible for the actual communication between the microcontroller and the SPI device Low level means that these functions write data directly to system registers and transmit buffers The basic data flow control is done by the USIC module depending on the selected configuration see 3 2 4 1 Only the target SFLASH EEPROM needs to be selected This feature is included for grea
6. unsigned int rx_c for j 0 3 lt 8 J if crcval 0x0001 crcval crcval gt gt 1 0x8408 else crcval gt gt 1 only locally increased original value in main remains unchanged ulFlashDestAddress 2 This implementation follows the implementation presented in Annex D Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC of the ISO IEC FCD 15693 3 3 2 Programming Mode In the programming mode user data from the serial flash module is stored in the microcontroller s internal flash memory Figure 9 shows how data is handled in this mode SSC Programmer EPROMI XC2000 SPT bus Figure 9 Data Flow in Programming Mode After system startup the loader software is downloaded to the controller s RAM by the bootstrap loader step 1 This loader routine is then executed and transfers the user data from the external serial flash to the internal flash memory step 2 Application Note 14 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon estes oe Software 3 2 1 Basic Flow After connecting the programmer to the target microcontroller the programming mode is entered by a power on reset Because of the startup configuration provided by the hardware see 2 2 Figure 4 the controller starts in the SSC bootstrap loader mode The bootstrap loader is a built in startup routine that downloads the actual programming routine Main Program from the external EEPROM to the internal RAM The main program is then ex
7. 3 Easy Kit with XC16405 a Fec step or newer Easy Kit with XC167C1 3 Easy Kit OE EE TriBoard with TC1161 xi Default New Copy Edit Remove Abbrechen Hite J Figure 15 Memtool Target Selection Connect the programmer to the Easy Kit Connect the Easy Kit to the PC USB Select the ASC bootstrap loader mode with the config switch ON OFF OFF OFF Note You can either use the config switch on the Easy Kit or the config switch on the programming tool The unused switch must be set to OFF OFF OFF OFF P10 0 P10 1 P10 2 P10 3 Figure 16 Config Settings for ASC Bootstrap Loader Mode Provide the Easy Kit with power press the reset button afterwards In Memtool you click the Connect button After a connection has been established you can choose between the two SPI memory devices Application Note 24 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon SSC Programmer User s Guide Pre File Target Device Log Help m File m FLASHZOTP Memory Device 1 MByte ext SFLASH via SPI mapped like 764 KByte Int Flash IV Enable Open File gt OROOCOOOOO OxOOCOOFFF Remove All Erase 1 Ox00C01000 OxOOCOIFFF 4K 2 OxO0CO2000 OXDOCO2FFF 4K 3 Ox00CO3000 OxDOCO3FFF 4K 4 OxO0CO4000 OXDOCO FFF 16K 5 OxO0CO8000 OxOOCOBFFF 16K 6 OxOOCOCOO0 OxOOCOEFFF 12K 7 Ox00C10000 OXDOCIFFFF 64K 8 OxO0C20000 OxDOC2FFFF 64K Frote
8. Log Help m File 1 FLASH OTP Memory Device Select FLASH Sectors to Erase ExUseDatalhariga MinProgicopyl IV Enable C Erase whole FLASH Module Erase i 0 OxO0COOFFF Program 1 Ox00C071000 Ox00CO1FFF Help 2 0x00C02000 Ox0OCO2FFF Verify 3 0x00C03000 0x00CO3FFF 4 0x00C04000 0x00CO7FFF RE 5 OXxDOCOS000 OxO0COBFFF PES H6 OXxDOCOCODO OxDOCOEFFF 7 0x00C10000 OxDOC1FFFF State 8 Ox00C20000 OxDOC2FFFF 9 Ox00C30000 OxDOC3FFFF 10 Ox00C40000 Ox00C40FFF mon _ sep 17 0x00C41000 OxO0C41 FFF Ea es Disconnect Ready for Memtool Command Help Exit Cinfineon Figure 19 Erasing the SFLASH To program the user code into the serial flash module see Figure 20 you open the appropriate hex file 1 select and add all parts on the left side 2 then you simply click Program 3 The user code needs to be mapped to the memory area starting from C0 0000 on chip FLASH Application Note 26 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 In fineon SSC Programmer User s Guide w Infineon Memtool on Easy Kit with XC2287 SPI SFLASH Bj x File Target Device Log Help m File FLASH OTP Memory Device CAUserD atathartiga MiniProg copyLED_bink largeled_bi 1 MByte ext SFLASH via SPI mapped like 764 KByte Int Flash IV Enable 0 Ox00C00000 Ox00COOFFF ES Remove Sel Program G 0x00C00000 0x00C006B1 0x00C01000 Ox00CO1FFF 4K Ox
9. be stored in the EEPROM step 1 Then the user code must be stored in the serial flash module step 2 User code is the software that will be programmed to the target microcontroller later see chapter 3 2 The setup steps can be done several times by the user depending on application requirements SSC Programmer Serial Flash XC2000 SPI bus Figure6 Data Flow in Setup Mode Loader SW EEPROM 3 1 1 Memtool The Infineon on chip memory programming tool Memtool is intended to handle the on chip flash and OTP memory devices of Infineon microcontrollers According to the capabilities of the respective on chip memory device the program can erase program verify and protect the module To program a memory device one Application Note 10 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon tes oe Software can open an Intel Hex file and completely or partly write its contents into the memory device Infineon Memtool can be used on PC s running Microsoft Windows The target is connected to the host PC using a standard RS232 port During the programming process Memtool e sets up and manages the communication between the host PC and the microcontroller by downloading the so called monitor e downloads the driver to the controller s RAM e downloads the hex file to be programmed into a transmit buffer area in the controllers RAM e refills the transmit buffer if required until all data is programmed e call
10. byte and check it e f the identification byte is ok D5H read second and third byte containing the number of bytes to be loaded e Read the appropriate number of bytes and store them sequentially from the beginning of PSRAM address E0 0000H After the last byte is received and stored the startup software continues making the final chip settings and afterwards starts code execution beginning at address E0 0000 For more details on this process see the XC2000 User s Manual 3 2 3 Main Programming Routine The task of the programming routine is to transfer the data stored in the external serial flash to the controller s internal flash memory The software provides e read access to the serial flash using the USIC module of the XC2000 e read and write access to the internal flash memory e a CRC algorithm for validation purposes Application Note 16 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 In fineon SSC Programmer Software Initialize Controller Setup Communication with SFLASH Read first Info Block ae Yes aoe gt gt Read next Info Block ee A Saan Ye S AA gt No Extract from Info Block Tae Dk pa Destination Address T Number of Bytes FI CRC Value Set Error Flag Program up to 4kB of Data into FLASH Calculate CRC Map Yes we Error Flag gt F setLeD SetLED on blinking Figure 12 Main Programming Routine Initializing th
11. Application Note V1 0 September 2007 AP16110 XC2000 Family Programming the on chip Flash using the SSC Bootstrap Loader Microcontrollers ad da Never stop thinking Edition 2007 09 Published by Infineon Technologies AG 81726 Munich Germany 2007 Infineon Technologies AG All Rights Reserved LEGAL DISCLAIMER THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE Information For further information on technology delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office www infineon com Warnings Due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances For information on the types in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office Infineon Technologies Components may be used in life support devices or systems only with the express written ap
12. D0C02000 OxO0CO2FFF 4K Ox00C03000 OKOOCOSFFF 4K OxD0C04000 OxO0CO7FFF 16K Verf Ox00C08000 OxO0COBFFF 16K veg OxO00COCOO0 OxOOCOEFFF 12K E Ox00C10000 OKOOCTFFFF 64K Frotect 0x00C10000 OXDOC1EFFF OxD0C20000 OxO0C2FFFF 64K State Ox00C30000 OxOOCSFFFF 64K J 0x00C40000 Ox00C40FFF 4K zl Info Setup Sector is protected sw Tool a n fi n eon _Disconnect ead for Memtool Command He ear Figure 20 Programming the SFLASH 4 2 Programming Mode Connect the programmer to the target system in the example of the single Easy Kit set the jumpers to Programming Mode see Table 3 Select the SSC bootstrap loader mode with the config switch OFF ON ON OFF P10 0 P10 1 P10 2 P10 3 Figure 21 Config Settings for SSC Bootstrap Loader Mode for Programming Mode Supply the target with power Programming starts automatically If you are programming larger files you will see the LED flicker for a short time during programming approx 1 sec 30 Kbytes If programming is successful the LED will be set permanently on otherwise the LED will blink rapidly Application Note 27 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon tis ce Conclusion and Outlook 5 Conclusion and Outlook This application note shows that it is possible to build a fast and easy to use programming tool for less than 10 At a quantity of 100 piec
13. L for details Application Note 25 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 in fineon SSC Programmer User s Guide Infineon Memtool on Easy Kit with XC2287 SPI SFLASH oj xj File Target Device Log Help r File gt FLASH OTP Memory Device CAUserD ata hartiga MinProg BSL_EXT2INT bs _ext2int 64 KByte external EEPROM via SPI v WM Enable Open File 0 OxO0E 00000 OxOOEOFFFF 64K Remove All Erase enri 1 0x00E 00000 0x00E003B8 Remove l Eme Ox00E 003B4 Ox00E00C47 z Remove Sel Program Verify Protect State Info Setup Save s Read Edit l Sector is protected Tool o n fi n e0 n Disconnect ead for Memtool Command Help Exit Figure 18 Programming the EEPROM A bulk erase function is provided but it is not necessary to erase the EEPROM before programming 4 1 2 Programming the Serial Flash Module For the serial flash it is important to erase the module first otherwise correct programming cannot be guaranteed In this version of the driver a bulk erase function is implemented but because of the provided memory mapping it will be called once for each sector if you select Erase whole FLASH Module So in order to erase the serial flash module you choose to erase only one no matter which sector e Infineon Memtool on Easy Kit with XC2287 SPI SFLASH 101 x File Target Device
14. SOUTO AR OE N ER OE OE EE OE 29 6 5 BEd OR OT EO a ia a EE OE 30 6 6 A RE RE OE AE EE 31 Application Note 4 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon estes Ce Abstract 1 Abstract Most microcontrollers have non volatile flash memory where application code and data user code are stored During production this flash memory has to be programmed This can either be done in system or on a separate programming stage prior to assembling the system This application note describes an implementation of a tool capable of programming a microcontroller s internal flash memory in mass production applications costing no more than 10 The tool has the size of a memory stick and can program the controller in system rather than requiring the chip to be programmed prior to installing it into the system The primary advantage of this feature is that it allows manufacturers to program the controllers in their own system s production line A separate and expensive programming stage is not required The hardware of this programming tool is basically a serial flash memory It contains the user code which is to be programmed The target microcontroller itself programs this user code into its internal flash memory The required programming routines are stored in an EEPROM which is also part of the tool s hardware The microcontroller uses the SPI protocol to communicate with the two memory devices A power supply a configuration switch and a signal LED com
15. al RAM E0 0000 E1 0000 is written to the EEPROM EO FFFF 64 kB EO 0000 RAM Driver and Monitor EBEEEE 768 kB C0 0000 FLASH Je stored Data OO CFFF 4kB 00 C000 RAM J transmis Buffer Figure 7 Memory Map Application Note 11 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 In fineon SSC Programmer Software The modified programming routine first sets up the communication with the SPI device using channel 1 of USIC module 0 U0C1 Then the target address is modified to match the address space of the SPI device Data is written in blocks the block size depends on the SPI device used For the serial flash module a block size of 256 bytes is used for the EEPROM 64 bytes per block is used The driver for the serial flash module also calculates the CRC value during data storage After the last byte of the transmit buffer is transferred this CRC value is stored in the 16 byte info block For details on the info block see chapter 3 2 3 3 1 3 CRC Algorithm A cyclic redundancy check CRC is a type of hash function used to produce a checksum against a block of data The checksum is used to detect errors after transmission or storage In this case the CRC value is computed during the setup process of the programming tool and afterwards stored in the info block It is verified after the data has been stored in the microcontroller s internal flash see chapter 3 2 to confirm that no data errors occurred
16. cially useful in small batch production applications during development or for prototypes For example the developing engineer could program the tool and immediately pass it on to the production line Software changes during development updates for prototypes or even firmware updates in the final product can quickly and easily be applied The programming process could even be delayed to a later moment For example a generic control unit could be used for several different design models of an electronic system With this programming tool the unit could be programmed just in time in order to fit into the desired model a feature which simplifies stock keeping The concept presented here for the XC2000 can also be extended to other microcontrollers The basic requirement is a SSC bootstrap loader Of course the signal lines will have to be adjusted according to the requirements of the new target controller and the programming software will have to be adapted as well But because of the layered software model and the simple hardware layout these changes can be done fast and with little effort Application Note 28 V1 0 2007 09 6 1 ASC CRC FAPI OTP PCB SPI SSC USIC 6 2 Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 6 3 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 nn AP16110 in
17. ct 9 OxO0C30000 OxOOC3FFFF 64K 10 Ox00C40000 OXDOCAOFFF 4K State 11 Ox00C41000 OxOOC41FFF 4K EERE Remove Se Program Select All Verity Read 12 0x00C42000 Ox00C42FFF AK z Edit Info Setup EE Sector is protected irises e Tool Disconnect Ready for Memtool Command Help Exit Infineon lt Infineon Memtool on Easy Kit with XC2287 SPI SFLASH Sj xi File Target Device Log Help File m FLASH OTP Memory Device 64 KByte extemal EEPROM via SPI IV Enable 0 OxO0E00000 OxO0EOFFFF 64K Remove All Erase Open File Select All Remove Sel Program Verity Protect State FLERE Read Edit E Info Setup r Tool Disconnect ready for Memtool Command Help Exit Infineon Figure 17 Serial Flash mapped to on chip Flash top EEPROM mapped to PSRAM bottom 4 1 1 Programming the EEPROM To program the loader routine into the EEPROM see Figure 18 you open the appropriate hex file 1 select and add all parts on the left side 2 then you simply click Program 3 The loader routine needs to be mapped to the memory area starting from E0 0000 Note This driver is designed to program the EEPROM in order to work with the SSC BSL Therefore it writes the loader routine with 3 bytes offset See description of SSC BS
18. e controller includes setting up the internal clock frequency 80 MHz and globally enabling the interrupt system The serial communication is set up by a separate function This function activates the USIC module UOCO a flexible interface module covering several serial communication protocols and sets the operating mode to SPI It then configures the SPI protocol the required I O pins and the used interrupts In the next step the first info block is read from the serial flash module Each info block is 16 bytes long The info blocks are stored in the address range from 00 F000 to 00 FFFF The corresponding 4 Kb sector on the microcontroller CO F000 to CO FFFF is not accessible to the user This so called configuration sector is accessible only during system startup or in test mode to restore flash parameters and redundancy settings This sector can never contain user code so it is the perfect place to store the info blocks Application Note 17 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon estes oe Software InfoBlock 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 CRC NBURSTS ADDRESS Field Bytes Description ADDRESS 3 0 Flash Destination Address 32 bit value containing the destination base address NBURSTS 5 4 Number of Bursts Number of Bytes to program is NBURSTS x 256 Bytes CRC 7 6 CRC Value 16 bit CRC value for the current 4kByte block of user code An empty in
19. ecuted It programs the internal flash memory with the data stored in the external serial flash Reset T BSL Y Main Program End Figure 10 Basic Flow in Programming Mode 3 2 2 Bootstrap Loader The SSC bootstrap loader is part of the startup software stored in the controller s internal boot ROM lt provides a mechanism to load a user defined program via the SSC interface The bootstrap loader moves code data into the internal Program SRAM PSRAM starting at location E0 0000 The XC2000 enters the SSC BSL mode when a special configuration pattern is applied to pins 0 3 of port 10 during a hardware reset The starter kit provides a switch to do so An equal switch is part of the SSC programmer hardware Application Note 15 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 in fineon SSC Programmer Software Reset Setup Communication Channel UOCO Send con Read ID Byte Read Length Read Length Bytes and store in RAM Finish Controller Setup ID D5q gt 8 Start Execution No of Main Program a from RAM Error TA Figure 11 SSC Bootstrap Loader The XC2000 bootstrap loader software basically performs the following steps e Setup the communication using the UOCO channel in SPl mode e Send Read command 03H to the connected SPI compatible device EEPROM in order to set it to read mode e Read the first byte identification
20. es the price per unit is 8 35 A detailed bill of materials can be found in the appendix 6 5 The price will further decrease for larger quantities e g the PCB will cost only 1 20 at 500 pieces Programming is very fast it only takes about 28 seconds to program 768 Kbytes whole flash module The on chip flash module consists of three independent 256 Kbytes blocks For speed optimization the programming process could be modified in order to program all three blocks in parallel The programming time would then decrease to about 10 seconds In real applications some things will have to be considered which were not part of this application note e The security aspect needs further attention This means that some kind of protection mechanism must be implemented in the programming routine in order to prevent software hacking Otherwise the mechanism described here could easily be used to modify a system s firmware e g to avoid copy protection The XC2000 microcontroller provides a protection system for the on chip flash memory which could be used for this purpose e The target hardware must provide a connector for the programming tool For demonstration purposes the required connections have been made on an XC2000 starter kit by simply wiring the used controller pins to a 16 pin connector manually In a real application these connections need to be included into the design of the PCB The high speed and the extremely low price are espe
21. ew data MOV RA OOH jinitialize counter Calc 1 JNB R8 O0 Calc 2 CORE LSB 02 SHR R8 O1H right Shift CRC by 1 bit XOR R8 08408H xor with polynomial JMPR es UC Calc_ 0 Calc 2 SHR R8 O1H right shift CRC by I bit Calc_0 CMPI1 R4 07H compare counter to 7 and increase by 1 JMPR cc SLT Calc 1 jump if counter lt 7 MOV R3 R8 store new CRC on 0xD002 RET Calc_CRC ENDP 3 1 3 2 C Language Implementation void vCalcCRC ulong ulFlashDestAddress uword uwNbytes int i j uword rx_w char rx_c uword uwDPP3 uwAddLo for i 0 i lt uwNbytes 2 i the pragma asm sequence reads data from internal flash upper bits of DestAddress DPP3 uwDPP3 uword ulFlashDestAddress gt gt 14 lower 14 bits short address set bits 14 15 for DPP3 uwAddLo uword ulFlashDestAddress Ox3FFF 0xC000 pragma asm wl uwAddLo w2 uwDPP3 3 PUSH DPP3 save original DPP3 to stack MOV DPP3 w2 set DPP3 MOV 3 w1 load data word from flash POP DPP3 restore DPP3 pragma endasm rx_w 3 first byte Low Byte rx_c char rx_w crcval crcval unsigned int rx_c for 1 0 4 lt 8 j if crcval 0x0001 crcval crcval gt gt 1 0x8408 else crcval gt gt 1 Application Note 13 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon SSC Programmer Software second byte High Byte rx_c char rx_w gt gt 8 crcval crcval
22. fi neon SSC Programmer Appendix Appendix Abbreviations Asynchronous Serial Channel Cyclic Redundancy Check Flash Application Programming Interface One Time Programmable Printed Circuit Board Serial Peripheral Interface Synchronous Serial Channel Universal Serial Interface Channel List of Tables SPI Bus Naming ConventionS snieni iaa aada a a aaa aA a a Aai 8 CRC DeTINTON xiii aria dd ada 12 Port Pins in Setup and Programming Mode ese se ee ee ee de nono nano nnnn nc ee ee ee Ge nar ee ek ee ee ee 23 Components and Prices ME ER ene en ge ene iii ge Se ER ed ee Re ee ee 30 List of Figures The SSC Programmer Top View iese esse esse see AE ee ee ee AE ecc 6 SSC Programmer connected to XC2000 Starter Kit ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 6 Schematic Memory Devices and Buffer Gate eise ee de ee ee ee Ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee 7 Schematic Configuration Switch Reset Switch Signal LED iii ee ee se ee ee ee GR AA ee ee ee 8 SPI Bus Single Master and two SlaVeS iese ee ee ee ee ee de GR Ee AA ee ee ee rn 9 Data Flow in Setup Mode iii aladas 10 Memory Map EE EE N RE RE EE RE N 11 CRC Flow de ER A OO EE 12 Data Flow in Programming Mode iese se see ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Ee AA ee ee de ee ee AE 14 Basic Flow in Programming Mode ee ee ee ed ee AA Re AR Ee de ee ee ee AA ee ee ee ee ee ek ee ee ee 15 SSC Bootstrap Loader cocinan aaa 16 Main Programming RQU INE coccion cinco 17 Abstraction layer Model is
23. fo block contains only 16 x FF Each info block corresponds to one block of data with a maximum of 4096 bytes NBURSTS 16 If the current info block is not empty the programming software reads the destination address and the number of bytes to be transferred The associated data is stored in the on chip flash module Then the CRC value is calculated over the previously stored data and compared to the value in the info block If both are equal the next info block is read else the programming tool signals an error 3 2 4 Software Implementation Details To describe the software implementation on an abstract level a layered model is used The layered approach allows easy and comfortable programming on C level while at the same time providing the means to easily adapt the software to other SPI devices or even to other target microcontrollers without the need to change the main programming algorithm The model consists of three abstraction layers Figure 13 shows how these layers interact with each other and with the hardware Application Note 18 V1 0 2007 09 Infineon AP16110 SSC Programmer Software A FAPI Function Layer i Translate requests from function layer to a device specific SPI command sequences FLASH Layer SPI Device Layer i i Calls inside functions e g Internal FLASH SPI Device Read Write SPI device Function calls in main application e g ReadData SFLASH OxcO000 128
24. his means that each time a byte is transmitted also a byte is being received The SPI master is responsible for handling the received data Master C2000 SI so SCK fcs Slave AT25 128 GOOD M25P80 Figure 5 Application Note SPI Bus Single Master and two Slaves V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 in fineon SSC Programmer Software 3 Software Basically there are two operating modes the setup mode and the programming mode The setup mode is used to configure the programming tool The programming routine must be stored in the EEPROM and user code which is to be programmed to the target device later must be stored in the serial flash module For this purpose Memtool a software programming tool provided by Infineon is used Also during the setup process additional control information is stored in the serial flash most important a calculated CRC value In the programming mode the previously stored user code is loaded from the serial flash module and programmed into the microcontroller s internal flash memory This is done by the programming routine stored in the EEPROM The routine is downloaded and run automatically after reset by the bootstrap loader The programming process is being verified by calculating a CRC value and comparing it to the stored value 3 1 Setup Mode In the setup mode the programming tool itself is being programmed First the loader software has to
25. ive buffer register in an array and clears the receive interrupt flag afterwards Application Note 22 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon estes Ce User s Guide 4 User s Guide This chapter describes setup and usage of the programming tool For the purpose of an example an XC2000 Easy Kit is being used for setup and as target system A 16 pin connection header has to be placed in the free area of the board Figure 14 shows the wiring diagram For this example one single Easy Kit is being used for setup and programming mode This requires a way to switch between some of the port pins Table 3 Port Pins in Setup and Programming Mode Function Setup Mode Programming Mode MTSR P2 9 P2 3 MRST P2 10 P2 4 SCLK P2 8 P2 5 The reason for this is that in setup mode Memtool uses pins P2 3 P2 5 for ASC communication so they cannot be used for the SSC communication between controller and SPI memory devices On the other hand in programming mode the SSC bootstrap loader uses exactly these pins Of course if you are using separate boards for setup and programming the jumpers J1 J3 are not required you can connect the respective port pins directly to the header You should also remove the OR resistor connecting the CAN2 transceiver to P2 4 here R151 The diagram in Figure 14 refers to the Easy Kit XC2000 144 pin V2 0 If you are using a different board version please carefully check the manual to ensure correc
26. microcontroller rates a voltage level of less than 1 5 V as low while more than 3 5 V is considered high Here the resistors values are chosen in such a way as to provide compatibility to the XC2000 starter kit The reset button S2 allows the user to start the microcontroller according to the provided boot configuration Application Note 7 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 SSC Programmer Infineon Hardware In this example the signal LED D1 is connected to port 10 7 but any other unused general purpose I O port could also be used A low signal level on the port turns the LED on 52 216 T 10K PORST PORST i N GND 2 LPT 67K Figure4 Schematic Configuration Switch Reset Switch Signal LED The programmer comes with two separate connectors a 16 pin header and an optional PCB connector It is up to the user to provide the necessary means to connect the programmer to the target system either directly on board or by using a suitable adapter cable For the complete schematic see the appendix 6 6 2 3 Description of the SPI Bus The serial peripheral interface bus SPI is a relatively simple synchronous serial interface for connecting external devices to a microcontroller using only four signal lines SPI is a de facto standard defined by Motorola on the MC68HCxx line of microcontrollers A synchronous clock shifts serial data into and out of a device in blocks of 8 or 16 bits
27. on transit Table 2 CRC Definition Length Polynomial Direction Preset 16 bits x x x 1 8408 Backward FFFF There are two separate implementations for the CRC algorithm here The first one is written in assembly language and is part of the Memtool driver It computes the CRC value and stores it in the info block in the serial flash memory during the setup process The second implementation is written in C language It is part of the main programming algorithm and calculates the CRC value after the user data is stored in the microcontroller s internal flash Both implementations follow the flow in Figure 8 CRCval CurrentCRC XOR DataByte No Rightshift CRCval 1 bit Rightshift CRCval 1 bit CRCval CRCval XOR 8408 Counter 1 a eed Counter lt 7 N no C CurrentCRC CRCval Figure 8 CRC Flow Chart Application Note 12 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 in fineon SSC Programmer Software 3 1 3 1 Assembly Language Implementation P Cale CRC ETN Data in Register R1 Current CRC Value on address 0xD002 JOUT New CRC Value on address 0xD002 DESCRIPTION calculates CRC using polynomial x 16 x 12 x 5 1 r 0x8408 backward start value OxFFFF Calc_CRC PROC NEAR MOV R3 0D002h current CRC is stored on 0xD002 MOV R8 R3 current CRC gt R8 MOVBS R6 RL1 data gt R6 XOR R8 R6 xor CRC value with n
28. onsible for handling device specific requests from the function layer The SPI device layer translates these requests into the instruction sequences needed for the serial flash module All needed functions of the serial flash module s instruction set are contained in this layer The device layer relies upon the SPl protocol layer to perform the actual SPI transmit and receive operations ubReadDataBytes Syntax Parameters in ubyte ubReadDataBytes ubyte ubTarget ulong ulAddress uword uwLength ubyte ubTarget ulong ulAddress uword uwLength ubyte ubReadData Parameters out Description Read uwLentgh bytes from the SPI device ubTarget SFLASH EEPROM starting from address ulAddress Return a pointer to an array with the read data 3 2 4 3 FLASH Layer The FLASH layer is on the same abstraction level as the SPl device layer It is the interface between the function layer and the internal FLASH module The required functions to erase and program the internal flash are provided here All read and write operations to the flash memory are controlled by the Flash Application Programming Interface FAPI The functions on this abstraction layer communicate with the FAPI by writing command sequences to certain flash addresses For details on programming the internal flash see the XC2000 User s Manual vEnterPageMode Syntax Parameters in Parameters out Description void vEnterPageMode ulong ulAddress
29. ool Driver Implementation ee ee ee Ee RA Ee Ee GR EA AA ee ee ee Ge AA ee ee ee ee ee Re Re ee ee ee ee ee ee Re ee ee 11 3 1 3 ee Ale di AE EN AE AE N RA N N 12 3 1 3 1 Assembly Language Implementation ee ee ee ee ER Re GR Re AA GR Re cnn nr ee ee ee AR ee ee ee ee ee 13 3 1 3 2 G Language ImplementatON iss see se de de EG Ee dd Ee GR Re Ad de ee Ak ed dd ke ed ed 13 3 2 Programming Niels OR EE ER N OR EE jas cnn gg aras 14 3 2 1 BASIC ale AR OE ER RA END 15 3 2 2 Bootstrap Loader ESEG dass 15 3 2 3 Main Programming Routine ii sissies isdie ESE cnica ESE Ee GE Van ee ESE GEN GE GER ge GE dbe de Ge Ee ESE gee dei 16 3 2 4 Software Implementation Details is ee ee ER RA Ge GR EA RA Ge ee ee ee ee Re Re ee ee ee ee de ee ee ee ee ee 18 3 2 4 1 FUNCION LAY ER EE NE HE 19 3 2 4 2 SPIDeOVICO IE OE RE EE NE RE EE EE 20 3 2 4 3 ENE VER RO OM N RE IE EE N ED 20 3 2 4 4 SPIPTOtOCOl IE VR RE denser OE EE EN 21 4 Users Guide RE O 23 4 1 Setup MOS RR N EE EE ER EE deedberedye 24 4 1 1 Programming the EEPROM Es via is aa ede ge ae ve eeu dewey eye ige ties ee gee dl Oes bedag ee ese eas 25 4 1 2 Programming the Serial Flash Module iese ee ee ee AR Ee AR Ee AA ee AR ee ee ee rca 26 4 2 Programming MONG EE RE O RE N 27 5 Conclusion and ef dele SE EE ER ii 28 6 ede SA EE OE RE EE EE ER 29 6 1 els ie AE EE OR RE EE EE ER 29 6 2 LIST OF ER EE A EE N ER EE 29 6 3 LIST Of ee AE RE ad AA EE EE OE EE lee 29 6 4 Literature
30. plete the programming tool The tool s software distinguishes between two separate operating modes The first operating mode is the setup mode This part of the software is needed to set up the programming tool The programming routine must be stored in the EEPROM and the user code must be stored in the serial flash memory The approach taken here is to use a XC2000 microcontroller starter kit and Infineon s Memtool Memtool is a software programming tool normally used to program a controller s on chip flash memory The standard driver is being adapted here in order to program memory devices on the SPI interface instead The second operating mode is the programming mode Here the target microcontroller s on chip flash memory is programmed The required programming routine is downloaded from the EEPROM and executed automatically by the microcontroller The programming software then reads user data from the serial flash memory and stores it in the controller s internal flash memory In order to assure correct programming a CRC value is calculated and compared to the value stored in the serial flash Success or failure of the programming process is signaled by the LED Application Note 5 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon SSC Programmer Hardware 2 Hardware 2 1 Description Figure 1 The SSC Programmer Top View Figure 2 SSC Programmer connected to XC2000 Starter Kit Application Note 6 V1 0 2007 09
31. proval of Infineon Technologies if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life support device or system or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body or to support and or maintain and sustain and or protect human life If they fail it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered AP16110 Infineon tes a h AP16110 Revision History 2007 09 V1 0 Previous Version none Page Subjects major changes since last revision We Listen to Your Comments Any information within this document that you feel is wrong unclear or missing at all Your feedback will help us to continuously improve the quality of this document Please send your proposal including a reference to this document to mcdocu comments infineon com Application Note 3 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 Infineon tes a ie Table of Contents Page 1 Fe Ee EE ER OE RE EE E 5 2 ET EL N OE N OE N EE ER N tenn 6 2 1 Description OE EE N EE a a Aa a aa 6 2 2 Schematic and Technical Details ee ee EE Ee GR Ee AA Ge ee ee Ee AA ee ee ea ee Ge nanesen ee ee ee nee 7 2 3 Description of the SPI BUS conia ER GE GEES ERG N N Ge RE ES Ne Kn GEN GR Ee a Es GR n se Ge Ge gee 8 3 ed WE RR 10 3 1 SOLU N ele EE EE ceesantee 10 3 1 1 MIMO RR a e AEE 10 3 1 2 Memt
32. s sesde Ee code dee N vee dee bu eb ATE seed RE Due be dnde 19 Easy Kit Connector Wiring Diagram iese ee ee ed ee ee AR ed ee Ge AA ee ee ee ee ee nn ee ee ek ee ee ee 23 Memtool Ee ee ie sisisi EE EE EE 24 Config Settings for ASC Bootstrap Loader Mode iese ee se ee ee ee Re Ge ee ee ee 24 Serial Flash mapped to on chip Flash top EEPROM mapped to PSRAM bottom 25 Programming the EEPROM iis sesse gese ed ees seges ds de es ve dee a Se EE add 26 Erasing the SFLAGH RE RE OE EE RE 26 Programming the SELASHI visies esse ge gese dada 27 Config Settings for SSC Bootstrap Loader Mode for Programming Mode esse se ee ee 27 Figure 21 6 4 Literature Sources Infineon Technologies XC2000 User s Manual Volume 1 of 2 System Units V1 0 June 2007 Infineon Technologies XC2000 User s Manual Volume 2 of 2 Peripheral Units V1 0 June 2007 Infineon Technologies AP 16095 Interfacing the XC16x Microcontroller to a Serial SP EEPROM V1 0 2006 07 Application Note Intel Hexadecimal File Format Specification Rev A 1988 01 Specification Application Note 29 V1 0 2007 09 Infineon AP16110 SSC Programmer Appendix ISO IEC FCD 15693 3 2000 03 10 Identification cards Contactless integrated circuit s cards Vicinity cards Part 3 Anti collision and transmission protocol Annex D Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC 6 5 Bill of Materials Table 4 Components and Prices
33. s the required functions from the driver While the driver e initializes the microcontroller e provides the necessary routines to erase or program the on chip memory devices The actual programming works in two steps First Memtool fills the transmit buffer area with data from the Intel Hex file Then Memtool calls the programming function of the driver and provides all required information like target address and number of bytes to program in system registers The driver s programming routine now transfers the contents of the transmit buffer to the provided destination address 3 1 2 Memtool Driver Implementation In order to write data to the external serial flash or EEPROM the standard driver has been modified There are two separate drivers for the programming tool one for programming the serial flash module and one for programming the EEPROM The original routines for programming the on chip memory have been replaced by routines for programming the external SPI devices Figure 7 shows the memory mapping used by the standard driver Here data is stored in the on chip flash memory C0 0000 to CB FFFF The user code is mapped to this area which means that the code is designed to be executed directly from the flash memory code execution starts at the address C0 0000 The modified drivers write data targeted to C0 0000 CB FFFF to the serial flash module starting from address 00 0000 there Data targeted to the intern
34. t wiring X106A 25 2 3 P2 9 gt xX107A 10 42 J1 X106A 31 25 X106B 2 2 4 o ob X107B 8 P2 8 6 X107A 22 F210 5 J2 J3 X106A 1 EVT Gl Shp X106B 2 Ets 4 7 g E26 X106C 33 X107C 6 peo 10 X107C 12 A je A X107B 14 X107B 17 A Ed X107B 23 X108C 30 PORST is 16 P10 7 X107C 33 IO CONN HEADER Figure 14 Easy Kit Connector Wiring Diagram Application Note 23 V1 0 2007 09 AP16110 in fineon SSC Programmer User s Guide 4 1 Setup Mode By default Memtool does not support the programming of external memory devices As a first step the modified drivers and config files must be copied to the Memtool directory Copy the file XxC2000_SPI info to Memtool14 Copy the files Easykit_XC2287_SFLASH cfg XC2XXX_mon hex XC2287_EEPROM DAT and XC2287_SFLASH DAT to Memtool4 Targets is the path to the Memtoo14 directory by default this is C Program Files Infineon Start Memtool Select Target gt Change from the menu and choose Easy Kit with XC2287 SPI SFLASH as target i Select Target Configuration i x Last Used Browse Folder to browse fc Program Files Infineon Memtool4 T argets y ae Files in folder IV Show descriptions Easy Kit with lt C164CM 4F Series Easy Kit with lt C164CM 8F Series Easy Kit with XC16405 1e AC step or newer Easy Kit with XC164C5
35. ter flexibility since for the programming algorithm itself only the serial flash is needed Data reception is handled by an interrupt service routine each time a byte is received the interrupt request is raised by the USIC module SPI_vSetCS Syntax void SPI_vSetCS ubyte ubCS Line Parameters in ubyte ubCS Line Parameters out none Description Set chip select line for all future SPI transfers until changed or cleared e g EEPROM SFLASH Application Note 21 V1 0 2007 09 or AP16110 Infineon SSC Programmer Software SPI_vCIrCS Syntax void SPI_vCIrCS void Parameters in none Parameters out none Description Clear all chip select lines SPI_vSendByte Syntax void SPI_vSendByte ubyte ubData Parameters in ubyte ubData Parameters out none Description Send one byte to the SPI device SPI_vSendData Syntax void SPI_vSendData ubyte pubData uword uwLength Parameters in ubyte pubData uword uwLength Parameters out none Description Send uwLength bytes to the SPI device in one single frame pubData is a pointer to an array void SPI_viRx Syntax interrupt SPI_RINT void SPI_viRx void Parameters in none Parameters out none Description Interrupt service routine that is called each time a byte has been received Stores the last received byte from the rece
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