User manual vb
Contents
1. 11 TRACE SEP The instrument contains a trace separate function which is required in the alternate time base mode to separate the DELAY time base trace s from the MAIN time base in vertical direction Consequently this function is only available in alternate time base mode Press the pushbutton once to have the related LED lighted the CH1 POSITION control knob is then operated as vertical position control for the trace s of the DELAY time base 12 ALT CHOP ADD INV The pushbutton has several functions which are required and available only when both channels are active ALT Displays in the readout indicates alternate channel switching After each time base sweeps the instrument internally switches over from channel 1 and channel 2 and vice versa CHOP Indicates chopper mode The channel switching occurs constantly between channel 1 and channel 2 during each sweep ADD Displays in the readout indicates additional mode Whether the algebraic sum addition or the difference subtraction of both input signals is displayed depends on the phase relationship and the INV setting As a result both signals are displayed as one signal For correct measurements the deflection coefficients for both channels must be equal INV Pressing and holding the pushbutton to set the channel 2 invert function on or off The invert on condition is indicated with a horizontal bar above CH2 in the readout The invert function causes2. 8 CURSOR POS A V1 2 Pushbutton with double function and associated indicator LED The function of Cursor Position or CH1 CH2 Position can be selected only after the pushbutton of Cursor Function is pressed to appear enabling their cursor measurement Press the pushbutton once briefly to have the related LED lighted the CH1 CH2 POSITION control knob is then operated as CURSOR 1 CURSOR 2 POSITION control A V1 2 The function is required and available only in DUAL mode in combination with A V Voltage measurement Pressing and holding the pushbutton then switch between CH1 and CH2 the measured result will be displayed by the readout with A V1 or A V2 providing the defection coefficient is calibrated The settings of the cursors must be related to the signal of the selected channel 9 CH1 POSITION C1 Control knob with double function The vertical trace position of channel 1 can be set with the control knob which is also operated as CURSOR 1 position control in cursor measurement mode 10 CH2 POSITION C2 Control knob has several functions The vertical trace position of channel 2 can be set with the control knob which is also operated as CURSOR 2 position control in cursor measurement mode In alternate time base mode this control knob can be used to separate the DELAY time base trace from the MIAN time base trace Please note TRACE SEP 11 E GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL
3. 5div 350 reference GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Input connectors The input section is where the input signals are commonly connected to the oscilloscope 35 CH1 Input BNC socket This BNC socket is the signal input for channel 1 In X Y mode signals at this input are used for the Y or X deflection The outer ground connection is galvanically connected to the instrument ground and consequently to the safety earth contact of the line mains plug 36 CH2 Input BNC socket This BNC socket is the signal input for channel 2 In X Y mode signals at this input are used for the X or Y deflection The outer ground connection is galvanically connected to the instrument ground and consequently to the safety earth contact of the line mains plug 37 Ground socket Banana Socket galvanically connected to safety earth This socket can be used a reference potential connection for DC and low frequency signal measurement purposes GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 38 EXT This BNC socket is the external trigger signal input In dual X Y mode signals at this input are used for the X deflection Pressing the TRIG SOURCE 29 pushbutton until the information of EXT slope coupling is shown up in the readout and the TRIG SOURCE EXT LED is lighted switches the input on The outer ground connection is galvanically connected to the instrument ground and consequently to the safety earth contact of t
4. per division delayed sweep 50ms to 50ns per division The trigger system provides stable triggering over the full bandwidth of the vertical deflection system Surge Immunity EN 61000 4 5 1995 Conducted Susceptibility EN 61000 4 6 1996 Power Frequency Magnetic field EN 61000 4 8 1993 Voltage Dips Interrupts EN 61000 4 11 1994 Low Voltage Equipment Directive 73 23 EEC amp amended by 93 68 EEC Safety Requirements EN 61010 1 1990 A1 1992 A2 1995 IEC 61010 1 1990 A1 1992 A2 1995 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 1 2 Features Additionally the oscilloscope offers several other features 1 High intensity and internal graticule CRT The oscilloscope employs a high intensity 6 inch retangular type cathode ray tube with red internal graticule It displays clear readable traces even at high sweep speeds Internal graticule lines eliminate parallax viewing error between the trace and the graticule line 2 Temperature compensation The oscilloscope uses a temperature compensation circuit to reduce the drift of base line and DC balance 3 20MHz bandwidth limit When it is hard to observe or trigger a signal because a high frequency component is superimposed on the signal use the 20MHz BWL function to reduce the bandwidth of the vertical deflection system and trigger system to 20MHz 4 TV triggering Exclusive TV sync separator circuit technology provides stable TV signal measureme
5. LED is lighted rotate the C1 POSITION control to position the cursor 1 and rotate the C2 POSITION control to position the cursor 2 4 Read the measurement value on the screen Typical measurement readouts and applications are shown in Figure 5 14 The measurement values are automatically controlled by the VOLTS DIV and TIME DIV control settings GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Figure 5 14 Cursor Measurement a Typical A V Voltage difference for AC voltage When both CH1 and CH2 are turned on the measurement value of CH1 A V1 or CH2 A V2 can be displayed by pressing and holding the A V1 2 pushbutton b Typical A V Voltage percentage cursor measurement for overshoot of square waveform A voltage percentage measurement is done by first setting a reference for the full scale amplitude waveform 5div 100 c Typical A VdB voltage gain cursor measurement for 3dB bandwidth application The percentage reference is 5div Odb The measurement values calculate the voltage gain from the formula A VdB 20 log A Vdiv Sdiv d Typical A T Time difference cursor measurement for rise time Proceed rise time or fall time measurement requiring some additional signal scaling by using the graticale rise time measurement aids Number 0 10 90 and 100 are etched near the left vertical gratical line Use the following steps as a guideline to in making rise time measurement 48 GOS 6112
6. MANUAL 4 PANEL INTRODUCTION After the instrument is switched on all the important settings are displayed in the readout The LED s located on the front panel assist operation and indicate additional information Incorrect operation and the electrical end positions of control knobs are indicated by a warning beep Except the Power pushbutton POWER the Focus control FOCUS and the Trace Rotation control all other controls are electronically selected and their functions and settings can therefore be stored The front panel is subdivided into six sections Display controls Front panel of GOS 6112 Vertical controls Horizontal controls Trigger controls Measurement control Input connectors GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 4 1 Front Panel Display controls The display controls adjust the on screen appearance of the waveform and provide a probe compensation signal source CAL FOCUS TRACE INTEN TRACES power b ROTATION READOUT gt 2YPxP A A A K ai m 1 KHz coer SY SS O 5 4 3 2 1 1 POWER Pushbutton and symbols for ON 1 and OFF 0 When switch on the oscilloscope to have all LEDs lighted and the software version will be displayed on the screen After the Internal test is completed successfully the normal operation mode is present Then the last settings become activated and the LED indicates the ON condition 2 INTEN TRACE READOUT Control knob with associa
7. OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Set the VOLTS DIV and VAR controls to provide an exact five division vertical display Use the vertical POSITION control to control the negative amplitude of the signal on the 0 reference line and the positive amplitude on GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL g Typical A cursor function for phase measurement A phase measurement is done by first setting a reference for the full 360 waveform the 100 reference line period Increase the TIME DIV setting to stretch out the rising edge of the 5div 360 waveform as much as possible to improve the cursor placement accuracy 4 Use the C1 POSITION control to align the cursor 1 to the rising NOTE When the VOLTS DIV or the TIME DIV controls are in edge at the point where it crosses the 10 reference graticule line uncalibrated setting the A V and AT measurement values will be Then use the C2 POISITION control to align the cursor 2 to the displayed with divisions point where the rising edge crosses the 90 graticule line and read When the vertical mode is set to the ADD mode and the CH1 and CH2 the rise time displayed in the CRT readout VOLTS DIV controls are set to different scales the A V measurement values will be displayed with divisions e Typical 1 A T cursor function for frequency measurement When the two cursors are superimposed at two edge points of the one period waveform by the C1 POSITION and C2 POSITION control
8. briefly the CH1 or following steps CH2 pushbutton to set the oscilloscope to channel 1 or channel 2 1 Set the ALT CHOP ADD button to ADD mode The figure 5 6 below Displaying CH1 and CH2 shows the sum of the waveforms from figure 5 5 To display both signals at the same time proceed the following steps 2 Set the CH2 INV on by pressing and holding the button if necessary 1 Set the CH1 and CH2 on The figure 5 5 below shows two synchronous to display the different waveform waveforms in the both modes 2 Adjust the CH1 or CH2 POSITION control to position the two waveforms 3 Set the ALT CHOP ADD button to CHOP mode if the waveforms are flickering 3 Pressing and holding one of the VAR buttons to set the VOLT DIV control knob to vernier variable Then adjust one channel to the other in the event of gain difference Figure 5 6 Typical ADD waveform Figure 5 5 Both typical waveforms GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Comparing Frequency and phase Single X Y Operation To compare the frequency and phase between two signals by using the X Y mode The X Y waveform displays different amplitude frequency and phase The figure 5 7 shows a typical waveform made up of two signals that are of the same frequency and amplitude but approximate 45 out of phase To use the oscilloscope in the signal of X Y mode proceed the following steps 1 Connect the horizontal or X axis signal to the CH1 input 2 Connect the verti
9. from the trigger signal GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 29 SOURCE Pushbutton and associated LEDs Pressing the pushbutton to select the trigger signal source or the X signal for an X Y operation The actual setting is indicated in a LED and by the readout SOURCE slope coupling CH1 The signal applied to the channel 1 input connector is the source of the trigger signal CH2 The signal applied to the channel 2 input connector is the source of the trigger signal o Line The triggering signal is obtained from a sample of the AC power source waveform The trigger source is useful when the displayed waveform frequency is time related to the AC power source frequency EXT The external signal applied through the EXT input connector is used for the external triggering source signal When in the dual X Y operation the X axis operates with the external signal GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 30 DELA Y HO Control knob with a double function and associated LED The control knob has two different functions depending on the time base mode HO Hold off time In MAIN time base mode the control knob applies to the hold off time setting the HO LED associated with the knob is dark the hold off time is set to minimum Switch on the LED by turning the control knob clockwise and extend the hold off time until the maximum is reached An approximate hold off time value will be displayed in t
10. of the oscilloscope 3 Set the oscilloscope controls to display both channels VERTICAL VOLTS DIV 1V COUPLING DC ALT CHOP ADD CHOP HORIZONTAL MODE MTB TIME DIV 0 5ms TRIGGER MODE ATO SOURCE CH1 or CH2 COUPLING AC SLOPE L The figure 5 3 below illustrates a satisfactory display The waveform should be approximately 2Vp p at a frequency of 1kHz that confirms the vertical and horizontal deflection function of the oscilloscope Figure 5 3 Display 1 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 4 Set both CH1 and CH2 COUPLING to GND 5 Use the CH1 and CH2 POSITION controls to align both traces on the center graticule 6 Open the CH2 INV by pressing and holding the pushbutton 7 Set to the ADD mode by pressing the ALT CHOP ADD pushbutton briefly 8 Set both CH1 and CH2 COUPLING to DC 9 The figure 5 4 below shows a satisfactory display The display will show a flat trace located on the center gracticule that confirms the channel balance and ADD offset function Figure 5 4 Display 2 10 Set to the CHOP mode by pressing the ALT CHOP ADD pushbutton briefly 11 Turn off the CH2 INV by pressing and holding the pushbutton GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL USER MANUAL 5 5 Basic Operation Displaying the sum or difference of CH1 and CH2 Displaying CH1 or CH2 To display the algebraic sum or difference of CH1 and CH2 proceed the To display the signal from a signal channel pressing
11. 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 2 Set the MAIN ALT DELAY button to ALT mode and set the time range of the DELAY TIME DIVE control to be magnified The figure 5 9 below shows the main and delayed sweeps appear simultaneously on the screen and the window sector will appear 3 Adjust the DELAY TIME control to move continuously the window sector Bring the window sector to the position to be magnified Then the waveform between the window sector is magnified to occupy the full area of the screen 4 If necessary press the TRACE SEP pushbutton to set the LED on The delayed sweep trace can be shifted vertically about 4 divisions with respect to the main sweep trace for the convenience of observation by the POSITION control Figure 5 9 ALT Mode Figure 5 10 Delay Mode 5 Set the DELAY mode to measure the magnified waveform only by pressing the MAIN ALT DELAY button The magnified waveform shown in figure 5 10 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Magnifying Waveform Events Use the x10 MAG pushbutton to view small portions of a waveform as which is too far back from the starting point to view by using the TIME DIV control To use the x10 MAG button proceed the following steps 1 Adjust the TIME DIV to the fastest sweep that displays the event 2 Rotate the HORIZONTAL POSITION control to move the event to display on the center of screen 3 Press the x10 MAG button to switch the MAG LED on When above procedures hav
12. DC 18 CH2 AC DC Pressing the pushbutton briefly to switch over from AC symbol to DC symbol input coupling The setting is displayed in the readout with the deflection coefficient 19 CH1 GND P x10 20 CH2 GND P X0 Pushbutton has two functions GND Each time when the pushbutton is pressed briefly the input of the vertical amplifier is grounded It is displayed in the readout as an earth ground symbol she Px10 Pressing and holding the pushbutton to select the indicated deflection coefficient of the channel displayed in the readout between 1 1 and 10 1 The probe factor of 10 1 is displayed in the readout with the probe symbol in front of channel indication e g P10 CH1 When proceed cursor voltage measurement the probe factor will be automatically included The symbol must not be activated unless a 10 1 attenuator probes are used GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Horizontal controls The horizontal controls select the time base operation mode and adjust the horizontal scale position and magnification of the signal lt HORI ZONTAL Es d Posi Ti on P iiia 23 J w waa Nv ar x10 DeLay Conc os sens 22 x Lo 24 TIME OV a 7 f 21 TA R o ss w 25 21 TIME DIV Control knob with double function Turning the knob clockwise to reduce the deflection coefficient in a 1 2 5 sequence and turning it in the opposite direction CCW to increase The time coefficient
13. GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL USER MANUAL CONTENTS PAGE 1 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION ccsscsssssssssssssesesseessssseeees 1 SAFETY TERMS AND SYMBOLS 1 1 Description ssccsscesecesccssecesecnsceeccnseessceeces 1 eee LD Feature neistine sioiias iiaeiai asii 2 These terms may appear in this manual or on the product 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION csecscssceeeceeeee 4 i WARNING Warning statements identify condition or 3 PRECAUTIONS BEFORE OPERATION ssessescscsees 7 REE 3 1 Unpacking the instrument sccccssecsceeseeeees 7 pracHcES that could result iminjuiy eros onic 3 2 Checking the Line Voltage cs ssssssssceessceeees 7 3 3 ENVironmMent cccccecececscecsccccecscccecscessssssceees 8 3 4 Equipment Installation and Operation sss 8 an 3 5 CRT Intensity cccscsscscsscscscscscescecscescescees 8 CAUTION Caution statements identify conditions or 3 6 Withstanding Voltage of Input Terminals 8 practices that could result in damage to this product or other property 4 PANEL INTRODUCTION ccsccscecesscsscseseeeees 9 4 1 Front Panel cccccsscccecscececccecscccscccscsesseees 11 4 2 Rear Panel cscscccscsscccecscccscscscscsssssceseeees 30 The following symbols may appear in this manual or on the product 5 OPERATION METHOD ssesssssssosssssosoesesososossosesee 32 5 1 Rea
14. NC connector onto the channel input and rotate the connector to lock it into place 2 Set the probe slide switches to the x10 position 3 Briefly pressing the CH1 CH2 button to set the oscilloscope to channel 1 and channel 2 4 Pressing and holding the Px10 button to set the indicated deflection coefficient of the channel displayed in the readout as a symbol P10 5 Attach the probe tips to the CAL connection in the front of the oscilloscope 6 Set the oscilloscope controls to display both channels VERTICAL VOLTS DIV 1V COUPLING DC ALT CHOP ADD CHOP HORIZONTAL MODE MTB TIME DIV 0 5ms TRIGGER MODE ATO SOURCE CH1 or CH2 COUPLING AC SLOPE Fie GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 7 Observe the displayed waveform and compare them with the waveforms shown in figure 5 2 If either probe needs to be adjusted proceed the step 8 If either probe does not need to be adjusted proceed the Function Check Par ceed if a Sg Meecha ei jaca aed Cot tec yy a again ed Figure 5 2 Typical Compensation Waveform 8 Adjust the probe by using a small insulated screwdriver Slowly rotate the adjustment control until the probe is properly compensated GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 5 4 Function Check When you start to check the operation of your oscilloscope proceed the following instruction 1 Install the x10 probes onto CH1 and CH2 inputs 2 Connect the probe tips to the CAL test point
15. Pressing and holding the pushbutton to select the TIME DIV 21 control knob function between time base switch and vernier variable The variable function is activated in the MAIN time base only After switching on the VAR the time deflection coefficient is still calibrated until further adjustments are made Turn the TIME DIV 21 control knob counter clockwise to increase the time deflection coefficient reduce the deflection speed and the deflection coefficient becomes uncalibrated Instead of A 10U s the readout then displays A gt 10U s indicating the uncalibrated condition This setting is stored if the instrument is switched to ALT or DELAY time base mode Switch off the VAR by pressing and holding the pushbutton of time base mode again then set the time deflection coefficient back into the calibrated condition GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Trigger controls The trigger controls determine the sweep start timing for both signal and dual trace operation F TRI GER EA LEVEL FX VNS 27 m Oy ae MODE SOURCE COUPLI NG Lon ac ae oc 2 E law HER ext LER wT 7v faa 0 DELAY TI ME 29 PON SLOPE 26 MODE Pushbutton and indicator LEDs Pressing the pushbutton to select the trigger mode The actual setting is indicated by a LED Each time when the MODE pushbutton is pressed the trigger mode changes in the sequence ATO NML TV ATO A
16. TO Auto Select the automatical mode the sweep free runs will display a baseline trace when there is no trigger signal or the frequency is below 10Hz The setting of triggering level changed only when the TRIGGER LEVEL control is adjusted to a new level setting GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL NML Normal Select the normal mode the input signal will trigger the sweep when the TRIGGER LEVEL control is set within the peak to peak limits of an adequate trigger signal When the sweep is not triggered no baseline trace will be displayed TV Separate the video sync signal from the composite waveform and direct it to the triggering circuit The horizontal or vertical sync signals are selected by TV V TV H pushbutton Please refer to the TV V TV H 31 27 LEVEL Control knob Turning the control knob causes a different trigger input setting voltage and set to a suitable position for the starting of triggered sweep of the waveform An approximate trigger level setting voltage value will be displayed in the readout When rotate clockwise the control knob the trigger point moves toward the positive peak of the trigger signal and rotate it counterclockwise to move the trigger point toward the negative peak of the trigger signal When the setting voltage value is out of the changing portion of the observation waveform the synchronization sweep stops Sometimes a will be displayed on the left of the valued displa
17. cal or Y axis signal to the CH2 input 3 Set the CH1 off and set the CH2 on 4 Set the X Y mode on by pressing and holding the button 5 Set the TRIG SORCE button to CH1 Use the HORIZONTAL POSITION control to adjust the X axis Note When high frequency signals are displayed in the X Y operation note the frequency bandwidths and phase difference between X and Y axis Refer to 2 SPECIFICATION section for details Figure 5 7 Typical single X Y display 4J GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Setting up Dual X Y Operation To use the oscilloscope in the dual X Y mode proceed the following steps 1 Connect the horizontal or X axis signal to the EXT X input 2 Connect one of the vertical or Y axis signal to the CH1 Y1 input 3 Connect either of the vertical or Y axis signal to the CH2 Y2 input 4 Set the CH1 and CH2 on 5 Set the ALT CHOP ADD button to CHOP mode 6 Set the X Y mode on by pressing and holding the button The figure 5 8 shows two X Y waveforms in the dual X Y mode Figure 5 8 Typical dual X Y display Setting Up delayed sweep Operation A delayed sweep is used to magnify any portion of a complex waveform in the horizontal direction To display the delayed sweep operation proceed the following steps 1 Briefly pressing the MAIN ALT DELAY pushbutton to set to MAIN time base of the horizontal mode Effect triggering by main sweep and set MAIN TIME DIV control as desired GOS
18. connect power cord before replacing fuse 6 2 Line Voltage Conversion The primary winding of the power transformer is tapped to permit operation from 100 120 or 230VAC 50 60Hz line voltage Conversion from one line voltage to another is done by changing the line voltage selector switch as shown in page 7 The rear panel identifies the line voltage to which the unit was factory set To convert to a different line voltage perform the following procedure 1 Make sure the power cord is unplugged 2 Adjust the line voltage selector switch to the desired line voltage position 3 A change in line voltage may also require a corresponding change of fuse value Install the correct fuse value as listed on rear panel ol S GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 7 Block pail LL f ome Lot Bat 5 zH HEH WYHOVIC Y90708 ZL Lasoo o
19. cuit loading CAUTION To get the best waveform precisely keep probe ground and signal leads as short as possible Misadjust probe compensation can cause measurement error Check and adjust probe compensation whenever a probe is moved to a different channel or oscilloscope As for the probe compensation adjustment procedure refer to the Probe Compensation Coaxial Cables Signal input cable can greatly affect the accuracy of a displayed waveform To maintain original frequency characteristics of the input signal use only high quality low loss coaxial cables Coaxial cables must be terminated at both ends in their characteristic impedance to prevent signal reflections within the cable Use suitable impedance matching devices GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 5 3 Adjustments and checks Trace Rotation Adjustment Normally when the trace is in parallel with the center horizontal graticule line there will be no need to adjust the TRACE ROTATION If necessary adjust the TRACE ROTATION to make the baseline trace parallel to the center horizontal graticule line by using a small straight blade screwdriver or alignment tool Probe Compensation To minimize the distortion of measured waveforms check the compensation of your probes before using them The probe compensation should be checked periodically whenever the probes are moved to different input channels 1 Install the probes onto the oscilloscope Press the B
20. dout Display cscscccsscccscseccsccecscssseeeses 32 5 2 Connecting Input Signals sccscscscsesessseees 34 5 3 Adjustment and Checks ccssssececsceccccsceescsee 35 5 4 Function Check cscscscscsssscccscscecscscscssseeees 37 5 5 Basic Operation ccccscecscscccscccsssccesscecscsceess 39 5 6 Measurement A pplication ccssecssseecseseseeee 47 DANGER ATTENTION Protective Earth ground 6 MAINTENANCE Pee eer erercerecccereeesessereresereesererereseoee 51 High Voltage refer to Manual Conductor Terminal 6 1 Fuse Replacement csccccscscscscscscsceescseescees 51 T rminal 6 2 Line Voltage cscscecsesccesscccecsescseccsssecsaseeees 51 ermina 6 3 Cleaning sissors isores iess Erros a EEE SEEE teens 52 7 BLOCK DIAGRAM ccccsecscescescecsccscecescece cess 53 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL FOR UNITED KINGDOM ONLY NOTE This lead appliance must only be wired by competent persons WARNING THIS APPLIANCE MUST BE EARTHED IMPORTANT The wires in this lead are coloured in accordance with the following code Green Yellow Earth Blue Neutral Brown Live Phase As the colours of the wires in main leads may not correspond with the colours marking identified in your plug appliance proceed as follows The wire which is coloured Green amp Yellow must be connected to the Earth terminal marked with the letter E or by the earth symbo
21. e been done the displayed waveform will be expanded 10 times to the right and left from the center of screen as center of expansion Operating HO Hold off time Control When the measured signal is a complex waveform with two or more repetition frequencies period triggering with the LEVEL control alone may not be sufficient to attain a stable waveform display In such a case the sweep can be stable synchronized to the measured signal waveform by adjusting the HO Hold off time of the sweep waveform Figure 5 11 a shows several different waveforms which overlapped on the screen marking the signal observation unsuccessful when the hold off is set to minimum the HO LED is dark Figure 5 11 b shows the undesirable portion of the signal is held off The same waveforms are displayed on the screen without overlapping GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL bigin sapa s eia pipi 2 sen dei ep enter Figure 5 11 a l lene Fa i j HOLD OFF irr im Figure 5 11 b Triggering of Video signal In the work concerned with TV complex signals and containing video signal blanking pedestal signal and synchronizing signal are often measured Press the TRIG MODE pushbutton to set the TV position The built in active TV Sync separator provides the separation of frame or line sync pulses from the video signal To trigger the oscilloscope at the vertical frame rate press the TV V TV H pushbutton to set TV V cou
22. e pushbutton to select the slope of the signal which is used for triggering the time base generator Each time when the pushbutton is briefly pressed the slope direction will switch from falling edge to rising edge and vice versa The current setting is displayed in the readout under item source SLOPE coupling If in the TV trigger mode briefly pressing the pushbutton to select the video polarity which will be displayed in the readout with a e symbol of positive video signal and a symbol of negative video signal GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Measurement and Panel setting Control The measurement section controls the on screen readout and the cursor measurements 33 CURSOR FUNCTION ON OFF Pushbutton with two functions ON OFF Pressing and holding either pushbutton to switch both cursor lines on or off As the cursor lines are part of the readout they are visible only when the readout is switched on CURSOR FUNCTION Each time when the pushbutton is briefly pressed the seven measurement functions will be selected in the sequence as below AV A Voltage difference measurement A V Voltage difference percentage measurement Sdiv 100 reference A VdB Voltage gain measurement Sdiv odB reference A VdB 20 log div 5div AT Time difference measurement VAT Frequency measurement A T Time difference percentage measurement 5div 100 reference A898 Phase measurement
23. ed before proceeding any measurement As for the negative signal location and function of instrument controls connectors and indicators refer to the Instruction of Front Panel and Rear Panel of this manual 5 1 Readout Display The CRT readout display indicates how to set up the instrument controls No physical marking shown on the rotating switches indicates the control setting A key to the location and type of readout information displayed is illustrated in figure 5 1 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL DELAY Tite BRE ioe pedo eerie ef A k 4 asta THO LEVEL VALUE Figure 5 1 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 5 2 Connecting Input Signals Grounding The most reliable signal measurements are made when the oscilloscope and the unit under test are connected by a common reference ground lead in addition to the signal lead or probe The ground lead of the probe provides the best grounding method for signal interconnection and ensures the maximum amount of signal lead shielding in the probe cable A separate ground lead with a banana plug can also be connected from the unit under test to the oscilloscope ground jack on the front panel Probes A probe provides the most convenient way to connect an input signal to the oscilloscope The standard x1 x10 probes supplied to the oscilloscope are shielded against electromagnetic interference and have a high input impedance for low cir
24. efficient alone The time base setting for this condition will be stored if the time base mode is changed ALT If the alternate time base mode is selected the TIME DIV knob only controls the DELAY time base switch The alternate time base mode is a sub function of the DELAY time base mode and both time base traces can be displayed simultaneously Consequently the readout can display both time deflection coefficient A window sector which indicates part of signal is also visible on the MAIN trace and is displayed by the DELAY time base The window segment can be shifted horizontally by the DELAY TIME control continuously The difference between the beginning of both the MAIN time base trace and the window sector shows the delay time The information is also displayed in the readout with an approximate value e g DLY 0 125ns related to the calibrated MAIN time 18 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL coefficient uncalibrated i e DLY gt 0 125ms The width of the window segment decreases when the DELAY time coefficient is set to a lower value higher time deflection speed For better reading the vertical position of the DELAY time base trace position can be shifted please note TRACE SEP 11 DELAY In the DELAY time base mode the display of the MAIN traces the window sector and the MAIN time coefficient will disappear from the readout As the trace separation is no longer required under the circumstance
25. he line mains plug The maximum input voltages of the instrument input terminals and probe input terminals are listed in the section of 3 6 Withstanding voltage of Input terminals Do not apply voltage higher than the limit GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 4 2 Rear Panel The rear panel provides input power and additional signal connections 39 40 41 42 39 Line voltage selector and input fuse holder Select power source and contain the primary power fuse The fuse rating is shown in the section of 3 2 Checking the line voltage 40 AC power input connector Connect the AC power cord to the power supply of instrument the power cord protective ground connection is connected to the exposed metal part of the instrument The power cord must be connected to a proper grounded source for electrical shock protection 41 TRIGGER SIGNAL Output BNC socket The signal selected by the TRIG SOURCE 29 is available This output may be used to connect to a frequency counter or other instrument GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL USER MANUAL 42 Z Axis Input BNC socket oe Be at 5 OPERATION METHOD Connect external signals to the Z axis amplifier for intensity modulating the CRT display This terminal is DC coupled The This section contains basic operation information and techniques that intensity is lowered by a positive signal while it is increased by a should be consider
26. he readout HO The hold off time is automatically set to minimum LED is dark if the MAIN time base setting is changed The hold off time setting is stored and deactivated if ALT MAIN and DELAY or DELAY time base mode is selected DELAY TIME In ALT MAIN and DELAY and DELAY time mode the knob controls the delay time setting Under the ALT time base mode the delay time is visible on the main trace beginning at the trace start and ending at the start of the window sector An approximate delay time value will be displayed in the readout DLY If only select DELAY time base the delay time can also be varied but there would be no window sector as the main trace is not visible GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 31 TV V TV H Pushbutton for video sync signal selection TV V Start the main trace at the beginning of a video signal field SLOPE polarity must match the composite sync polarity i e for negative sync to obtain TV field triggering on the vertical sync pulse TV H Start the main trace at the beginning of a video signal line SLOPE polarity must match the composite sync polarity to obtain TV line triggering on the horizontal sync pulse The current setting is displayed in the readout under item source video polarity TV H 32 SLOPE _ L Pushbutton for the triggering slope or video polarity selection If in the AUTO or NML trigger mode briefly pressing th
27. l D or coloured Green or Green amp Yellow The wire which is coloured Blue must be connected to the terminal which is marked with the letter N or coloured Blue or Black The wire which is coloured Brown must be connected to the terminal marked with the letter Lor Por coloured Brown or Red If in doubt consult the instructions provided with the equipment or contact the supplier GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL This cable appliance should be protected by a suitably rated and approved HBC mains fuse refer to the rating information on the equipment and or user instructions for details As a guide cable of 0 75mm should be protected by a 3A or 5A fuse Larger conductors would normally require 13A types depending on the connection method used Any moulded mains connector that requires removal replacement must be destroyed by removal of any fuse amp fuse carrier and disposed of immediately as a plug with bared wires is hazardous if a engaged in live socket Any re wiring must be carried out in accordance with the information detailed on this label GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL EC Declaration of Conformit We GOOD WILL INSTRUMENT CO LTD No 7 1 Jhongsing Rd Tucheng City Taipei County 236 Taiwan GOOD WILL INSTRUMENT SUZHOU CO LTD No 69 Lushan Road Suzhou New District Jiangsu China declares that the below mentioned product GOS 6112 is herewith confirmed to comply with the requirement
28. nts on fields frames and lines 5 Z axis intensity modulation For applying a blanking signal from an external source The trace displayed on the screen may be intensity modulated where pulse signal or time scale marks are required GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 6 Trigger signal output The signal selected by the TRIGGER SOURCE is available This output may be used to connect to a frequency counter or other instrument 7 Panel setups lock To avoid unintentional touch of the setting the feature is extremely useful for long term and repetitive measurements that used to be performed under the same test condition of the oscilloscope setting 8 LED indicator and buzzer alarm The LED s located in the front panel assist operation and indicated additional information Incorrect operation and the electrical end position of control knobs are indicated by a warning beep 9 SMD manufacturing technology The instrument is built by using the most advanced SMD technology so as to reduce the number of internal wiring and shorten the foil route on the pe board This will also greatly increase the high frequency performance and the reliability of the product GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM Sensitivity 2mV 5V DIV 11 step in 1 2 5 sequence Sensitivity Accuracy 33 5 DIV at the center display Vernier Vertical Sensitivity Continu
29. ously variable to 1 2 5 or less than panel indicated value Frequency Bandwidth 3dB DC 100MHz 2mV DIV DC 20MHz Rise Time 3 5ns 2mV DIV 17 5ns Signal Delay Leading edge can be monitored Maximum Input Voltage 400V DC AC at 1kHz or less Input Coupling AC DC GND Input Impedance IMQ 2 25pF approx Vertical Modes CH1 CH2 DUAL CHOP ALT ADD DIFF mode can be established when the CH2 is in the INV mode CHOP Repetition Frequency Approx 250kHz Polarity INV CH2 only Bandwidth Limited 20MHz Common mode Rejection Ration Dynamic Range Trigger Modes 50 1 or better at 5 0kHz 8 div at 60MHz 5 div at 1OOMHz AUTO NORM TV Trigger Source CH1 CH2 LINE EXT Trigger Coupling AC DC HFR LFR Trigger Slope polarity or TV sync polarity Trigger Sensitivity Mode Frequency INT 10Hz 20MHz 0 35DIV AUTO 20MHz 100MHz 1 5DIV NORM DC 20MHz 0 35DIV 20MHz 100MHz 1 5DIV TV 1DIV Sync signal Trigger Level Range INT 4DIV or more EXT 0 4 V or more TV Sync TV V TV H Max External Input Voltage 400V DC AC peak at 1kHz External Input Impedance IMQ 5 25pF approx GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM X Y OPERATION Horizontal Modes MAIN A ALT DELAY B 50nS 0 5S DIV continuou
30. pling To trigger the oscilloscope at the horizontal line press the TV V TV H pushbutton to set TV H coupling The figure 5 12 a shows vertical signal of TV V and Figure 5 12 b shows horizontal signal of TV H 45 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL Figure 5 12 a TV V Figure 5 12 b TV H The polarity of the synchronization pulse is critical for the slope selection The figure 5 13 a and 5 13 b shows the examples of TV polarity synchronization signals Bpa raray urai Figure 5 13 a Sync signal Figure 5 13 b Sync signal GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 5 6 Measurement Application The oscilloscope has a cursor measurement system for making accurate direct readout voltage time frequency and phase measurements The measurements described in this section are examples of typical applications using this measurement system After becoming familiar with the controls indicators and capabilities of the instrument you can develop convenient methods to make the special measurement for your own applications Proceed a measurement by using the cursor according to the following steps 1 Pressing and holding the CURSOR FUNCTION ON OFF pushbutton to turn on the cursor and measurement readout 2 Briefly pressing the pushbutton to select the seven measurement function in the sequence as below A V A V A VdB A T V A T A T A O AV 3 If the associated indicator CURSOR POS
31. ry disconnect the power cord before removing the fuse holder GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 3 3 Environment The normal ambient temperature range of this instrument is from 0 to 40 C 32 to 104 F To operate the instrument over this specific temperature range may cause damage to the circuits Do not use the instrument in a place where strong magnetic or electric field exists as it may disturb the measurement 3 4 Equipment Installation and Operation Ensure there is proper ventilation for the vents in the oscilloscope case If this equipment is used not according to the specification the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired 3 5 CRT Intensity To prevent permanent damage to the CRT phosphor do not make the CRT trace brighten excessively or leave the spot stay for an unreasonably long time 3 6 Withstanding Voltages of Input Terminals The withstanding voltages of the instrument input terminals and probe Input terminals are shown in the following table Do not apply voltages higher than these limits Input terminal Maximum input voltage CH1 CH2 inputs 400V DC AC peak EXT TRIG input 400V DC AC peak Probe inputs 600V DC AC peak Z AXIS input 30V DC AC peak CAUTION To avoid instrument damage do not apply exceeding maximum input voltage of 1 kHz the frequency to the instrument GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL USER
32. s 10 to 35 C 50 to 95 F ENVIRONMENT Maximum operating ranges 0 to 40 C 32 to 104 F Relative humidity 85 RH max non condensing Installation Category II Pollution degree 2 STORAGE TEMPERATURE 10 to 70 C 70 RH maximum amp HUMIDITY MECHANICAL 10 W x 150 H x 455 D mm SPECIFICATION pprox 9kgs 19 8 Ibs Power Cord cceeeeeeeeeee L ACCESSORIES Instruction manual TOR l GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 3 PRECAUTIONS BEFORE OPERATION 3 1 Unpacking the Oscilloscope The product has been fully inspected and tested before shipping from the factory Upon receiving the instrument please unpack and inspect it to check if there is any damages caused during transportation If any sign of damage is found notify the bearer and or the dealer immediately 3 2 Checking the Line Voltage The oscilloscope can be applied any kind of line voltage shown in the table below Before connecting the power plug to an AC line outlet make sure the voltage selector of the rear panel is set to the correct position corresponding to the line voltage It might be damaged the instrument if connected to the wrong AC line voltage WARNING To avoid electrical shock the power cord protective grounding conductor must be connected to ground When line voltages are changed replace the required fuses shown as below 100V 90 110V 120V 108 132V T 1A 250V 230V 207 250V T 0 4A 250V WARNING To avoid personal inju
33. s the function would be switched off too Consequently only the DELAY time coefficient is displayed by the readout X Y Switch on or off the X Y mode by pressing and holding the button In the X Y mode the deflection coefficient is displayed in the readout The Y axis input is selected by setting the vertical mode pushbutton to the CH1 CH2 and both modes and the X axis input is selected by setting the TRIGGER SOURCE pushbutton to the CH1 CH2 and EXT 23 H POSITION The control knob enables a horizontal position shift of the signals In combination with x10 MAG the function makes it possible to shift any part of the signal on the screen 24 x10 MAG SETUPS LOCK Pushbutton has double function and associated MAG LED Each time when this pushbutton is pressed the MAG LED located above will be switch on or off If the MAG LED is lighted the signal display in all time base modes will be expanded 10 folds and consequently only a tenth part of the signal curve is visible The interesting part of the signal can be made visible with the aid of the H POSITION control GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL SETUPS LOCK Pressing and holding the pushbutton then switch the panel setups lock function on or off To avoid unintentional touch of the setting the feature is extremely useful for long term and repetitive measurements that need to be performed under the same test condition of the oscilloscope setting 25 VAR
34. s the measurement value is displayed in frequency units on the upper side of the screen f Typical A T Time difference percentage cursor function for duty cycle measurement of square waveform A time difference percentage measurement is done by first setting a reference for the full cycle of waveform period Sdiv 100 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL USER MANUAL 6 MAINTENENCE 6 3 Cleaning To clean the oscilloscope use a soft cloth dampened in a solution of mild The following instructions are executed by qualified personnel only To avoid detergent and water Do not spray cleaner directly onto the oscilloscope electrical shock do not perform any servicing other than the operating because it may leak into the cabinet and cause damage instructions unless you are qualified to do so Do not use chemicals containing benzine benzene toluene xylene acetone or similar solvents Do not use abrasive cleaners on any portion 6 1 Fuse Replacement of the oscilloscope If the fuse blows the power lamp indicators will not light and the oscilloscope will not start The fuse should not normally open unless a problem has developed in the unit Try to determine and correct the cause of the blown fuse and replace only with a fuse of the correct rating and type on the rear panel WARNING For continued fire protection Replace fuse only with 250V fuse of the specified type and rating and dis
35. s will be displayed in the readout In MAIN time base MTB mode time deflection coefficients between 0 5s div and 50ns div can be chosen in 1 2 5 sequence if the x10 MAG function is not activated During alternate ALT and DELAY time base DTB operation the control knob changes the DELAY time base setting in 1 2 5 sequence The available deflection coefficient range is from 50ms div up to 50ns div without x10 MAG but the availability depends on the MAIN time base setting The internal control of the oscilloscope prevents the DELAY time deflection coefficient from becoming higher than the MAIN deflection coefficient as such an operation condition would make no sense GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 22 MAIN ALT DELAY X Y Pushbutton for time base mode selection The instrument contains two time base designated MAIN and DELAY With the aid of the DELAY time base signal parts displayed by the MAIN time base can be expanded in X direction The expansion ratio depends on the time deflection coefficient ratio of both time bases ie MTB 0 1ms DTB 1y s 100 With higher expansion ratio the DELAY time base trace intensity reduces Each time when press the pushbutton briefly the time base mode changes in the sequence of MAIN ALT DELAY MAIN The actual setting is displayed in the readout MAIN The TIME DIV control knob is operated only under the MAIN time base mode The readout then displays the main time co
36. s set out in the Council Directive on the Approximation of the Law of Member States relating to Electromagnetic Compatibility 89 336 EEC 92 31 EEC 93 68 EEC and Low Voltage Equipment Directive 73 23 EEC For the evaluation regarding the Electromagnetic Compatibility and Low Voltage Equipment Directive the following standards were applied EN 61326 1 Electrical equipment for measurement control and laboratory use _ EMC requirements 1997 A1 1998 Conducted and Radiated Emissions Electrostatic Discharge EN 55011 class B 1991 EN 61000 4 2 1994 EN 55022 class B 1994 Current Harmonic Radiated Immunity EN 61000 3 2 1995 ENV 50140 1993 Voltage Fluctuation EN 61000 3 3 1995 Electrical Fast Transients EN 61000 4 4 1995 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 1 PRODUCT INTRODUCTION 1 1 Description The GOS 6112 is a 1OOMHz two channel dual sweep portable oscilloscope for general purpose use A microprocessor based operating system controls most of the functions of the instrument including cursor readout and digitized panel setting On screen alphanumeric readout and cursor function for voltage time frequency and phase measurement provide extraordinary operational convenience The vertical deflection system has two input channels Each channel has 11 basic deflection factors from 2mV to 5V per division The horizontal deflection system provides single dual or delayed sweeps from 0 5s to 50ns
37. sly variable A main Sweep Time UNCAL B delay Sweep Time 50nS 50mS DIV Accuracy 3 5 at x 10 MAG Sweep Magnification x 10 maximum sweep time 5nS DIV Hold Off time Variable Delay Time luS 5S Delay Jitter 1 20000 or less Variable X axis Y axis selectable Ms Sa X axis CH1 CH2 gt 2mV 5V DIV 3 Sensitivity Accuracy EXT gt 0 1V DIV 5 Y axis CH1 CH2 gt 2mV 5V DIV 3 X axis Bandwidth DC 500kHz 3dB 3 07 less at DC 50KHZ Cursor Measurement Function A V A V A VdB A T 1 A TA T A O Cursor Resolution 1 100 DIV osphor Alternate Separation Effective Cursor Range Vertical 3 DIV horizontal 4 DIV Panel setting Vertical V DIV CH1 CH2 UNCAL ADD INV P10 AC DC GND Horizontal S DIV MTB DTB UNCAL x LOMAG Delay time Hold off Trigger Source Coupling Slope Level TV V TV H Others X Y LOCK 6 inch rectangular type with internal graticule Type 0 10 90 and 100 markers 8 x 10 DIV 1 DIV 1 cm Po External intensity modulation _ _ _ Maximum Input Voltage 30V DC AC peak at 1kHz or less Bandwidth DC 5MHz u r Phosph GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 1kHz 5 square wave a SPECIAL FUNCTION Panel Setups Lock Provided Voltage AC 100V 120V 230V 10 selectable 50Hz or 60Hz Approx 90V A 70W max Indoor use Altitude up to 2000 m Ambient temperature OPERATING To satisfy specification
38. ted pushbutton and readout display The control knob is used for adjusting the traces and readout intensity Turning the knob clockwise to increase the intensity and turning it counterclockwise to decrease the intensity The TRACE READOUT pushbutton is for selecting the intensity function and indicates the letter TRACE INTEN or READOUT INTEN in the readout Press the pushbutton briefly for the following sequences TRACE INTEN READOUT INTEO TRACE INTEN GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 3 TRACE ROTATION The TRACE ROTATION is for aligning the horizontal trace in parallel with graticule lines This potentiometer can be adjusted with a small screwdriver 4 FOCUS The control knob effects both the trace and the readout sharply 5 CAL The terminal provides a reference signal of 2Vp p at 1kHz for probe adjustment Vertical controls The vertical controls select the displayed signals and control the amplitude characteristics SSS VERTI CAL A POSI TI ON POSI TI ON a1 12 45 Nan ae pi CD 16 AG Dc cno Ac Dc ano 17 ag as 20 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 7 20MHz BWL Pushbutton with indicator LED Briefly pressing the pushbutton the bandwidth is reduced to approx 20MHz and the measurement is made by eliminating undesired high frequency signal from the waveform Also the high frequency component over 20MHz is eliminated from the trigger signal
39. the signal display of channel 2 to be inverted by 180 GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 13 CH1 VOLTS DIV 14 CH2 VOLTS DIV Control knob for channel 1 channel 2 has double function Turning the knob clockwise to increase the sensitivity in 1 2 5 sequence and turning it in the opposite direction CCW to decrease The available range is from 2mV div up to 5V div The knob is automatically switched inactive if the related channel is switched off The deflection coefficients and additional information regarding the active channels are displayed in the readout 66 ie CH1l deflection coefficient input coupling The symbolizes calibrated measuring conditions and is replaced by the gt symbol in uncalibrated conditions 15 CH1 VAR 16 CH2 VAR Pushbutton with double function CH1 CH2 Pressing briefly the CH1 CH2 button to set the cannel 1 channel 2 of the instrument on the deflection coefficient will be displayed in the readout indicating the current conditions CH1 CH2 VAR Pressing and holding the pushbutton to select the VOLTS DIV function between attenuator and vernier variable The current setting is displayed by the gt symbol in the readout After switching on the VAR turn the VOLTS DIV control knob counterclockwise to reduce the signal height and the deflection coefficient becomes uncalibrated GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 17 CH1 AC
40. y that indicates that direct reading is impossible if AC HFR LFR coupling or VAR of vertical deflection is set GOS 6112 OSCILLOSCOPE USER MANUAL 28 COUPLING Pushbutton and indicator LEDs Pressing the pushbutton to select the trigger coupling The actual setting is indicated by a LED and by the readout source slope AC Each time when the COUPLING pushbutton is pressed the trigger coupling changes in the sequence AC DC HFR LFR AC Attenuates trigger signal frequency components below 10Hz and blocks the DC component of the signal AC coupling is useful for triggering on AC waveforms that have a large DC offset DC Couples DC and all frequency components of a triggering signal to the trigger circuitry DC coupling is useful for most signals especially for providing a stable display of low frequency or low repetition rate signals HFR High Frequency Reject Attenuates high frequency triggering signal components above 40kHz HFR coupling is useful for providing a stable display of low frequency components of complex waveforms and eliminates high frequency interference from the trigger signal LFR Low Frequency Reject Attenuates low frequency triggering signal components below 40kHz and blocks the DC component of the trigger signal LFR coupling is useful for producing stable triggering on the high frequency components of complex waveforms and rejecting low frequency interference or power supply hum
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