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1. BRIDON Oil and Gas 58 steel Rope Technical Information Additional Information for Hydra Users USER MANUAL FOR LARGE DIAMETER LOW ROTATIONAL MULTI STRAND ROPES FOR SPECIALIST OFFSHORE LIFTING DEPLOYMENT amp RECOVERY ACTIVITIES Products Hydra 3500 Hydra 5500 Hydra 7500 Constructions 34LR 31LS 28LR 31LR 1 0 General Safety Before use carefully read and understand all instructions related to this product whilst every effort has been made to ensure accuracy of information contained within this manual the Bridon policy is one of continuous improvement to our products and as such we reserve the right to change the product specification without prior notice Any information provided can be clarified with Bridon to prevent injury to personnel or damage to the product during handling installation and use If required Bridon can supply experienced service engineers to provide assistance or undertake specialist service work 3 0 Lifting and handling of reels Bridon Hydra range of ropes are supplied on steel reels Suitable for transportation and handling purposes The reels will generally be supplied with a cradle to provide stability and to distribute floor loadings Cradles will either attach to the lower half of each flange or supplied as a separate item Reels can be supplied with dedicated lifting points or alternatively can be handled by placing a shaft of suitable dimensions through the centre of the reel
2. Endurance Dyform 6 Lang s lay Endurance Dyform 6PI Lang s lay With one end free to rotate all of the ropes in this group will generate less rotation when loaded than those listed in Group 1 However such ropes are still likely to unlay and distort under this condition When used in single part reeving they may require a swivel to prevent rotation in certain operating conditions but this should only apply when employee safety is an issue Group 2 Single layer ropes Ordinary Regular lay Blue Strand 6x19 Ordinary lay Endurance Dyform 8 Ordinary lay Blue Strand 6x36 Ordinary lay Endurance 8PI Ordinary lay Diamond Blue Endurance Dyform 8PI Ordinary lay Dyform DB2K Ordinary lay Endurance Bristar 6 Ordinary lay Hydra 5300 Dyform Ordinary lay Endurance Dyform Bristar 6 Ordinary lay Hydra 7300 Dyform Ordinary lay Endurance 8 Ordinary lay Endurance Dyform 6 Ordinary lay Endurance Dyform 6PI Ordinary lay BRIDON Oil and Gas 35 Steel Rope Technical Information Swivels The ropes in this group incorporate a centre which is laid in the opposite direction to that of the outer strands and are specifically designed to have a medium amount of resistance to rotation If it is necessary to use a swivel with any of these ropes in single part reeving to prevent rotation of the load the rope should operate within the normal design factor of 5 not be subject to any shock loading and be checked daily for any evidence of distortion Wh
3. If the coil is too large to physically handle it may be placed on a swift turntable and the outside end of Note Grooves must have clearance for the rope and provide the rope pulled out allowing the coil to rotate adequate circumferential support to allow for free movement of the See Fig 5 strands and facilitate bending When grooves become worn and the rope is pinched at the sides strand and wire movement is restricted and the ability of the rope to bend is reduced See Fig 4 AWARNING S O Never pull a rope away from a stationary coil as Fig 4 this will induce turn into the rope and kinks will WRONG form These will adversely affect rope performance See Fig 6 n Sheave groove Sheave groove too narrow too wide Fig 6 RIGHT WRONG Sheave groove correctly Note the kinks supporting the rope for 33 of its circumference forming When a new rope is fitted a variation in size compared with the old worn rope will be apparent The new rope may not fit correctly into the previously worn groove profile and unnecessary wear and rope distortion is likely to occur This may be remedied by machining out the grooves before the new rope is installed Before carrying out such action the sheaves or drum should be examined to ensure that there will be sufficient strength remaining in the underlying material to safely support the rope The competent person should be familiar with the requirements of the appropriate
4. ME a ee So a angan Ejang a Bk gain akan tas akang in 7 So a n ani Tan E NGE Beg ea Balang Te z im a Se ka Tan SN angan gag Tam ana Tina ma lin an an Tan ian lan Tan ee Contents IPOCIICU OM pect eee ee reer ee 2 3 Product Selection ecco reer 4 8 PROGLCIS correc tree nee rte ree 9 27 Synthetic Rope Technical Information 28 29 Steel Rope Technical Information 30 69 Bridon International Services amp Training 70 COMMAS a a erence ara 71 All statements technical information and recommendations contained herein are believed to be reliable but no guarantee is given as to their accuracy and or completeness The user must determine the suitability of the product for his own particular purpose either alone or in combination with other products and shall assume all risk and liability in connection therewith Whilst every attempt has been made to ensure accuracy in the content of the tables the information contained in this catalogue does not form part of any contract Bridon s products are manufactured under controls that conform to quality management system ISO 9001 2000 ISO 9001 BUREAU VERITAS Certification N UK7000072 ISO 14001 Bridon operates environmental management systems which where required by legislation or risk comply with the req
5. rope dia 150 0589 107 0 09 8 1 11 0 70 6 5 x Nom rope dia TAN 566 108 005 7 n a 60 6 0 x Nom rope dia 59 0 464 103 0 1 7 dal 60 6 5 x Nom rope dia 58 6 0 460 102 Os 7 11 60 6 5 x Nom rope dia Rotation Resistant FOSO 559 g5 0 1 3 4 5 4 6 25 x Nom rope dia 63 0 0 495 97 0 24 n a 3 6 3 6 5 x Nom rope dia Low Rotation 74 0 0 581 993 0 05 0 8 T3 0 7 6 0 x Nom rope dia 039 m0502 102 0 1 0 8 1 8 0 7 6 0 x Nom rope dia Conventional Constructions 57 2 0 449 103 015 i 9 50 6 5 x Nom rope dia 58 6 0 460 104 D 17 7 9 60 6 5 x Nom rope dia The figures shown in the above table are nominal values given for the product range and are for guidance purposes only for specific values please contact Bridon The above modulus vales are based on the nominal rope metallic area BRIDON Oil and Gas 39 40 steel Rope Technical Information Guide to Examination The continued safe operation of lifting equipment lifting accessories e g slings and other systems employing wire rope depends to a large extent on the operation of well programmed periodic rope examinations and the assessment by the competent person of the fitness of the rope for further service Examination and discard of ropes by the competent person should be in accordance with the instructions given in the original equipment manufacturer s handbook In addition account should be taken of any local or application specific Regulations The competent person sh
6. swivel stringing grip which is also known as a snake a Chinese finger or a sock This can be a satisfactory procedure with the smaller drill lines with minimum number of falls But preferably without a swivel in the reeving hook up A swivel should never ever be used with Flattened Strand or any other Langs Lay rope In the case of the much larger diameter drilling lines and multi fall systems where the tensions in reeving are much higher then the use of a stringing grip or similar is not a practical or safe way to proceed The common practice is to directly connect one line to the other Splicing is the preferred and safest method The prime objective during reeving of the new line is to ensure that no turn is introduced into the new line either from the old line or by the system The possible imposition of rope turn can be checked by attaching a flag or marker at the connection point of the new drill line and then observed during installation If any twist is seen to be induced into the rope then this should be let out before the rope is attached to the drawworks Ideally the rope should then be wound onto the Draw work s drum at the recommended minimum required fast line tension possibly by using a pinch roller type drill line tensioner This rope tension should be applied until the drill line has the weight of the travelling assembly on it The manufacturers recommended minimum number of dead wraps on the Drawwo
7. 1 jjmjej Oil amp Gas Catalogue Bridon the world s leading specialist in the manufacture of wire and rope solutions for the most demanding applications delivering reassurance through unrivalled experience specialist steel amp fibre rope solutions for the oil amp gas industry Drawing from a background of long standing experience and technology Bridon is an acknowledged world leader in the design manufacture development and supply of specialist rope to meet the needs of the oil amp gas industry Recognising the extreme environments in which the Offshore Oil amp Gas Industries operate Bridon has brought together a comprehensive range of world leading global solutions specifically tailored to meet these demands 02 BRIDON Oil and Gas ay ai i i Guma E rs ANI eo Mea l Are E Eri i i i SEM i re LE a J i ind at or hy Ur Ai i 4 ine Ar i i Fai E PE Ai J i i Pp i i Fa ipp Ti Eer i rari i rer li E if a LE A ae pE Pra it root KA as za Ri T 7 F Ti I ong ord i i non i i 14 T i j Ti i Ep Bri ri 114 Pi F 1 rm I Led F P i i i WI ele i i i rei ny i j F i tr f rpa re ry rt fi j r i i aan T m ia i a a Bag ig ka aka n A ee ee akan pang a an z a T m ning Ty kal a Pama Se Se ana _ Mice ec 2 anane na aana
8. 10 20 on 5 0 5 10 Sodium 0 5 None Listed Calcium 0 5 2 Boron 1 0 100 20 Phosphorus 10 0 1 03 Sulphur 0 5 None Listed Oilmay be applied 5 0 5 10 Wax may be applied 5 0 2 6 Physical Data Specific Gravity 7 9 8 5 Vapour Pressure N A Melting Point 1350 15006 Vapour Density N A Appearance amp Odour Solid Odourless Metal Evaporation N A Solubility in water Insoluble Volatiles N A Flash Point None Boiling Point 20006 BRIDON Oil and Gas 63 64 Steel Rope Technical Information Material Safety Data Manufacturing Rope Lubricants The products used in the manufacture of steel wire ropes for lubrication and protection present minimal hazard to the user in the as supplied condition The user must however take reasonable care to minimise skin and eye contact and also avoid breathing their vapours and mists A wide range of compounds is used as lubricants in the manufacture of steel wire rope These products in the main consist of mixtures of oils waxes bitumens resins gelling agents and fillers with minor concentrations of corrosion inhibitors oxidation stabilizers and tackiness additives Most of them are solid at ambient temperatures and provided skin contact with the fluid types is avoided none oresent a hazard in normal rope usage However to assist in the assessment of the hazard caused by these products the following table contains all the components which may be incorporated into
9. 10266 2218 190 225 228 202 So 730 202 225 11427 2290 200 295 238 212 25 900 212 235 12775 2346 215 250 259 22M SS 1065 22M 250 14362 2433 225 260 263 297 65 1185 2907 260 15722 2503 240 215 278 252 35 1365 252 25 17171 2072 250 209 293 267 35 1530 267 289 19180 2643 260 295 303 eT ot 1710 2 295 20469 PL 23 219 JIO 318 292 25 2090 292 310 22070 2790 280 S16 328 302 35 DANG 302 315 23899 2865 290 329 338 322 35 2395 322 325 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the develooment of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 23 Products BRIDON SUPERLINE Diameter MBL Polyester Post installation drift Intermediate stiffness stiffness stiffness a ee KAN NAN KAN MEN KG 415 16 126 3924 882 iOO 6 7 Bas IE SWO ales 105 9 200 109 9 24 7 Oe 139 4905 1102 Ieai 8 1 60 2 0 63 8 14 3 132 4 298 1373 S108 Oleic 151 6180 1389 14 4 om oH 2 4 80 3 lei 166 9 SKS 173 0 Siskel 61 4 158 6959 1565 159 IO 4 0 2n gOS 2005 187 9 AZ 194 9 43 8 6 s 168 7848 1764 18 0 121 4 5 30 1020 229 219 47 6 Z Seif 49 4 6 5 16 Wee 8829 1984 199 13 4 od 3 4 114 8 299 238 4 53 6 247 2 55 6 ae 185 9810 2205 21 9 14 7 J9 o 127 3 20m 264 9 595 214 1 61 7 75 16 201 10987 2469 299 as 69 4 3 142 8 o2 296 6 66 7 307 6 691 8 s Ze 12263 2 56 209 19 4 T2 4 9 159 4 SOU Solel 14 4 343 4 Wee 83
10. 15 5387 396 648 1 00 40 40 4 1010 103 tie 1120 114 128 1230 125 138 74 0 17 627 462 118 1 17 44 TAS 520 1220 124 lay 10 19 152 1490 152 167 89 5 20 832 613 869 1S6 48 9 22 6 20 1450 148 163 1610 164 181 1770 160 199 107 24 1082 798 1034 1 60 52 10 8 7 20 1700 173 191 1890 193 212 2030 212 234 125 26 1370 1018 1214 1 88 Blue Strand 6x19 Class to API steel core Imperial Approximate Torque Minimum breaking force Fmin Axial generated Metallic stiffness 20 load cross diameter 20 load section Beco x a a a Sunny Poem 2 7 5 1 85 40 7 44 8 469 51 7 Oe MG 164 121 0 449 7 28 6 348 2 34 ac Slo Sich 58 9 64 9 a 64 8 71 4 378 231 171 0 569 ieee 4 30 2 89 617 629 693 711 725 799 782 79 7 878 468 11 317 233 454 0 704 ieee 5 19 3 49 743 75 7 83 5 854 87 1 95 9 943 96 1 106 563 13 417 308 547 0 848 eee 6 19 416 880 897 989 1010 103 113 1110 113 125 67 1 15 Bes TG GO Ws 41 3 7 26 488 1020 104 115 1170 119 131 1300 133 146 78 8 18 676 AD 765 119 4 445 842 566 1180 120 133 1360 139 153 1500 153 169 914 21 846 624 887 1 38 e476 9 66 649 1350 138 152 1550 158 174 1710 174 192 105 24 1033 762 1017 1 58 2 me 1107 799 1530 156 172 1760 1 9 198 19390 19 217 T9 A 282 2 OST Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements 12 BRIDON O
11. 22 251 32 ES 52 ees Cy ee 140 1113 1338 2 07 54 2 s lon eam Ka 206 T 245 20 15 34 lave 1246 1443 2 24 56 13 6 954 124 830 2587 264 29 163 om 1 1390 1552 2 41 D2 21 4 142 CO 30 SAN 2099 T270 303 170 38 210 1481 UGS 2 5 60 DORO eO ll e270 09 334 187 42 2 3 1709 Ial Z 76 60 3 23 s OT OOT D T00 S06 337 189 42 2 4 1735 NA ahs 63 5 Ne Se is NENG a oe 374 209 47 2 2026 IES a 0S 64 17 7 119 15 4 104 3379 344 380 213 48 6 2075 2027 3 14 66 7 2 s 193 129 168 1137 3070 34 412 231 5 oe 2348 2201 3 41 68 20 0 le e ees lo 69 429 240 54 3 4 2469 22o OSa 699 23 4 212 142 184 124 4031 411 453 254 S 3 7 2703 2418 3 75 2 224 15 1 195 13 1 4277 436 480 269 61 4 0 2954 ZO So oe 76 250 168 218 146 4765 486 535 300 67 4 7 3474 2858 4 43 S 3 23l 16 9 219 147 4790 488 538 302 68 4 7 3502 2873 4 45 80 2C 186 24 16 2 5200 538 593 333 oS F9 4052 3167 4 91 82 6 31 4 Si O en eo aa ore 632 354 80 6 0 4460 So On oe 84 SO Oc User Na TNI Sa ajeg 593 654 367 82 6 4 4691 3491 5 4 88 So 228 292 I ese 65 718 402 90 7 3 5393 3832 5 94 88 9 ol 942 NK TS T200 e520 OOS 732 411 g2 eo 5561 Soli 606 92 3866 246 319 214 6560 609 137 440 99 TO 5782 4188 6 49 993 33 4 393 T 26 4 342555230 703977 Al 472 106 S 6427 4494 697 96 SOO 26 Oe E T728 802 479 108 09 6570 4560 7 07 100 43 3 29 1 eel 2a TSO 0 871 520 TUA 10 7426 4948 7 67 101 6 4 447 300 389 261 8000 815 999 536 121 JA 1186 S109 T 2 108 4 4 505 339 43 9 29 5 8305 847 933 606 136 12 8616 Si SS 114 3 4 s 966 380 492 331 9
12. 4 229 13734 3086 e 21 4 8 0 5 4 1795 40 1 maS 83 3 384 6 86 4 9 229 14715 3307 S610 22 6 8 4 ov OS 43 0 SOS 89 3 412 0 926 Ola 241 15696 3o27 SZ 2610 9 3 6 3 204 0 45 9 423 8 core 439 5 98 8 92 4 247 16677 3748 392 20 9 9 8 6 6 2168 48 7 450 3 TOZ 467 0 104 9 101 8 AE 17898 3968 42 4 20 9 10 6 l POE 56 482 2 1071 500 0 aaa 10 s 263 18639 4189 44 4 29 8 11 1 LS 242 3 54 5 503 3 ee 521 9 i73 109 16 268 19620 4409 46 4 S12 11 6 TO 299 S3 5297 119 6 549 4 Zoo 101 16 274 20601 4630 46 5 326 121 ee 201 6 60 2 5502 1259 576 8 12916 11 16 281 Z S82 4850 07 34 1 ARTE 8 5 280 6 63 1 SO 131 0 604 3 135 8 111 286 22563 SOU 52 6 35 3 192 8 8 293 3 659 609 2 136 9 631 8 142 0 11 6 29 23544 3291 54 7 36 8 13 7 G2 306 1 68 8 635 7 142 9 6592 148 1 eis 296 24525 SoZ 56 7 38 1 14 2 95 318 8 AET 662 2 148 8 686 7 154 3 Diameters shown in the above table are nominal values and should be used for guidance purposes only SUB ROPES FILTER COVER BNT DAMUA 4 ELEGY OREX EZ LE R a NANANG SANAN WAN COVER PITCH SUB ROPE STRAND SUB ROPE YARN COVER STRAND Vee YARN Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements 24 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products BRIDON Polyester MODU SUPERLINE Approximate ma
13. 6 369 38 41 4 21 4 8 99 13 127 94 214 0 381 22 2 26 1 538 427 A435 46 0 446 45 5 50N 26 5 8 131 97 169 125 256 040i 22 2 Is 2 2 1 56 435 443 48 8 A55 46 3 SUl 26 5 9 135 100 A 128 263 0 408 24 2 71 1 82 508 Sl 57 1 SSi A2 59 7 Sji 6 9 TAN 126 219 162 308 QAY 25 4 1 gO 204 569 58 0 63 9 595 60 7 66 8 GA ANG 202 149 260 192 645 06M 26 Sole 214 596 60 8 67 0 623 63 6 70 0 36 8 1 217 160 279 206 SOl 0 500 28 3609 248 691 70 5 m l 128 ol 81 2 42 9 4 271 200 349 257 419 0 649 28 6 11 3 85 2 59 721 73 5 SO ma 76 9 84 7 44 10 289 Palle 371 274 A3f O07 50 423 2 04 794 80 9 89 2 830 84 6 93 2 48 11 299 246 429 316 481 0 745 SING 11 4 ATS 320 892 90 9 100 933 95 1 105 54 12 397 293 511 376 S0 0 837 Bye 4 82 3 24 903 92 1 101 944 96 3 106 55 12 405 298 520 384 547 0 648 34 54 amp 65 1020 104 116 1066 109 120 62 14 485 3500 624 460 617 0 957 34 9 13 g S a YAH 1074 110 121 1123 115 126 65 15 S25 387 675 496 650 1 01 36 610 410 1143 117 128 1195 122 134 69 16 576 425 741 546 692 1 07 38 6 79 456 1274 130 143 132 136 150 14 I 678 500 871 642 KU 1 20 36 11 2 666 459 1230 131 144 1339 136 150 78 ley 683 504 878 647 115 1 20 40 759 506 1411 144 159 1476 150 166 85 19 790 SIS 1016 749 854 132 42 SAS 559 1556 159 175 1627 166 183 94 21 915 675 1176 867 942 1 46 44 9 11 0 12 1708 A 192 1786 182 20 103 23 1052 5 076 152 997 1034 1 60 46 995 669 16866 190 210 1952 199 219 113 25 1202 886 Is 1189 30 1275 48 10 38 7 28 2022207 229 2125 DG 239 123 28 13866 1007
14. 7209 eZ WATE 9 73 0 49 1 63 5 42 7 12500 1274 1404 838 188 14 6 10769728 1 12 4 133 4 oa 80 6 54 1 70 1 47 1 13614 1388 152 925 208 167 12320 8805 sey O7 a2 88 3 59 4 1O09 51 6 14930 1522 1677 1014 228 192 14149 9657 130 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise ir the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to maich your requirements 18 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products Ah ORE Baal PL sins Berg OPae 2 Bree SN ag te WAN NANA Orca CLR gv 0 0 0 gu BG as as b 0608 tld ae SAN OS Kd he Sirf bo AT vo Anis Bose oe BO b 0 ata Hydra 5500 DYFORM Torque generated Rope AG ls Minimum breaking force Axial stiffness 20 load Metallic diamete 20 ti iameter onar O SJE Fmin 20 load cross section Tons om on Tonnes 20001bs 40 8 0 5 4 TO 4 7 1468 150 165 92 2i WE 156 930 1 4 42 8 8 59 Gal Je 1618 165 182 101 23 02 180 1025 1 6 44 Ohi 69 8 4 Dial 1776 181 199 iia 25 0 3 AOI 1125 ile 44 45 1 4 99 6 6 8 6 5 8 112 185 204 114 26 0 3 214 1148 1 8 46 10 6 fA B12 652 1941 198 218 122 Zi 0 3 257 1230 ie 47 6 1 s 11 3 T6 99 6 6 2078 22 233 130 29 0 4 263 1317 240 48 TES WANG 100 67 SANI 215 Zon 133 30 0 4 269 1339 Z 50 28 8 4 109 L9 2293 234 258 144 32 0 4 304 1453 2 3 50 8 2 12 9 ona ile T9 2367 241 266 148 33 0 4 319 1500 25 52 o gi 11 8 T9 2480 25
15. Minimum aggregate Breaking Force Value of minimum aggregate breaking force is obtained by calculation from the sum of the products of the cross sectional area based on nominal wire diameter and tensile strength grade of each wire in the rope as given in the manufacturer s rope design Calculated Minimum breaking Force Value of minimum breaking force based on the nominal wire sizes wire tensile strength grades and spinning loss factor for the rope class or construction as given in the manufacturer s rope design Fill factor The ratio between the sum of the nominal cross sectional areas of all the load bearing wires in the rope and the circumscribed area of the rope based on its nominal diameter Spinning loss factor k The ratio between the calculated minimum breaking force of the rope and the calculated minimum aggregate breaking force of the rope Breaking force factor K An empirical factor used in the determination of minimum breaking force of a rope and obtained from the product of fill factor for the rope class or construction spinning loss factor for the rope class or construction and the constant 7 4 Minimum breaking force Fmin Specified value in kN below which the measured breaking force is not allowed to fall in a prescribed test and for ropes having a grade obtained by calculation from the product of the square of the nominal diameter the rope grade and the breaking force factor Minimum aggregate brea
16. OES 41 3 54 4 36 6 10202 1040 1146 680 153 9 3 6890 6875 107 122 70 8 47 6 627 42 1 12262 61250 1978 mS ifs T20 8840 7864 NA 127 5 T gie 68 3 45 9 12900 1315 1449 848 191 13 1 9682 8570 13 3 133 84 7 56 9 75 0 50 4 13538 1380 1521 930 209 14 4 10695 9999 14 6 1397 an 93 4 62 8 SNI 596 LESA OYA 0 1697 1026 230 169 12467 10370 16 1 152 4 6 111 1 74 7 98 4 66 2 18296 1865 2053 1271 274 23 16477 12340 SA Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 19 Products BRIDON Endyfance Endurance DYFORM 34LR amp 34LRPI NI l VQ x DAN KE Ba Minimum breaking force Fmin stiffness E Metallic Cross Anon EIPS 1960 grade EEIPS 2160 grade oL section KAE ee el ae 0 50 92 1 9 39 96 7 9 9 5 8 1 5 3 3 58 osi E 11 4 117 11 9 7 0 2 0 4 4 70 M oo 133 13 5 139 14 2 8 3 2 5 5 7 84 oss 156 15 9 163 16 7 9 7 ap 7 3 98 NIN oos 181 18 4 190 19 3 11 4 0 9 1 114 ee 207 ae 218 2 gt 13 5 0 11 131 ee o 236 24 0 248 25 2 15 6 0 14 149 ee o 266 Dips 279 28 5 i ae 16 168 48 oa 298 30 4 313 31 9 19 8 6 19 188 ee it 333 33 9 349 35 6 21 10 23 210 ee oo 368 37 6 387 39 4 23 12 27 232 oo 406 41 4 426 43 5 25 14 31 256 JIN gt gt 446 45 4 468 A7 7 28 16 35 281 ss 487 49 7 511 52 1 30 18 40 307 JI oes 531
17. Rope An assembly of several round strands braided in pairs Electro mechanical Rope A stranded or spiral rope containing electrical conductors Strand and Rope Lays Lay direction of strand The direction right z or left s corresponding to the direction of lay of the outer layer of wires in relation to the longitudinal axis of the strand Lay direction of rope The direction right Z or left S corresponding to the direction of lay of the outer strands in relation to the longitudinal axis of a stranded rope or the direction of lay of the outer wires in relation to the longitudinal axis of a spiral rope Ordinary lay Stranded rope in which the direction of lay of the wires in the outer strands is in the opposite direction to the lay of the outer strands in the rope Right hand ordinary lay is designated sZ and left hand ordinary lay is designated zS Note This type of lay is sometimes referred to as regular lay Lang s lay Stranded rope in which the direction of lay of the wires in the outer strands is the same as that of the outer strands in the rope Right hand Lang s lay is designated zZ and left hand Lang s lay is designated sS Alternate lay Stranded rope in which the lay of the outer strands is alternatively Lang s lay and ordinary lay Right hand alternate lay is designated AZ and left hand alternate lay is designated AS Contra lay Rope in which at least one inner layer of wires in a spiral rope or
18. and lifted using slings and a spreader beam to prevent excessive pressure on the reel flanges Critical reel dimensions height width shaft size and drive arrangement should be agreed when ordering as these can vary depending on rope diameter length required and resulting gross weight 4 0 Positioning reel for installation The supply reel on which the rope is delivered should be positioned to limit any rope fleet angle during installation to 1 5 degrees or less Greater fleet angles can induce significant rotation of the rope impacting upon the torsional characteristics of the rope resulting in rope deformations and or cabling of the rope reeving during use Lang s Lay Rope Properties at 20 MBF Hydra 3500 Hydra 5500 Hydra 7500 34LR construction Hydra 5500 31LS construction Hydra 7500 28LR 31LR construction Turn degrees rope lay 0 8 Torque factor 23 Permanent extension 0 05 Rope modulus KN sg mm 115 Diameter Reduction Factor 1276 hed o5 0 15 i 110 iis 2 0 1 3 Characteristics are not linear and vary with loading history Properties shown in the above table are for fully bedded ropes 2 0 The products Bridon Hydra 3500 Hydra 5500 and Hydra 7500 are Low Rotational multi strand constructed wire rope products typically of construction 34LR 31LS 28LR 31LR Wire ropes are produced by helically twisting wires into strands and strands into a rope When an axial tensio
19. and support all installation training and maintenance activities to enable optimised rope life in service Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety Instructions amp Warnings on the use of steel wire rope Wire rope will fail if worn out shock loaded overloaded misused damaged improperly maintained or abused e Always inspect wire rope for wear damage or abuse before use e Never use wire rope which is worn out damaged or abused e Never overload or shock load a wire rope e Inform yourself Read and understand the guidance on product safety given in this catalogue also read and understand the machinery manufacturer s handbook e Refer to applicable directives regulations standards and codes concerning inspection examination and rope removal criteria Protect yourself and others failure of wire rope may cause serious injury or death CAUTIONARY NOTICE RESTRICTIONS ON THE being in the region of half the breaking strength USE OF LARGE DIAMETER MULTISTRAND ROPES of the rope All wire ropes are prone to damage if they are not The best way of preventing difficulties of this sort properly supported when used at high loads is to avoid conditions that are likely to generate Larger Multistrand ropes are particularly damagingly high contact stresses A simple susceptible to this form of abuse due to their rigid method of assessing the severity of the contact construction and the relatively fine wire sizes conditions i
20. be given to an increase in sheave or drum diameter Such a modification would not only reduce the groove pressure but would also improve the fatigue life of the rope The pressure of the rope against the sheave also cause distortion and flattening of the rope structure This can be controlled by using sheaves with the correct groove profile which for general purposes suggests an optimum groove radius of nominal rope radius 7 5 The profile at the bottom of the groove should be circular over an angle of approximately 120 and the angle of flare between the sides of the sheave should be approximately 52 Hardness of Rope Wire Rope Approximate Approximate grade Equivalent Hardness Min Tensile API 9A Brinel Rockwell Strength Grade C 2160N mm EEIRS 480 500 52 1960N mm EIRG 470 480 51 1770N mm IPS 445 470 49 1570N mm Pes 405 425 45 Suggested pulley hardness 250 300 Brinell for Mn steel or equivalent alloy steel If the calculated pressure is too high for the particular material chosen for the pulley or drum consideration should be given to increase in pulley or drum diameter Such a modification would not only reduce the groove pressure but would also improve the fatigue life of the rope by reducing the bending stresses imposed BRIDON Oil and Gas 33 34 Number of bends to rope failure Steel Rope Technical Information Bend Fatigue Bend fatigue testing of ropes usually consists of cycling a
21. bed Wire rope supply reels are normally designed for transportation purposes only and are not designed to sustain rope tensions greater than 20kKN It will therefore be necessary to introduce a tensioning device between the supply reel and the winch drum the preferred method being a twin capstan traction winch The level of tension to be applied during spooling for ropes operating at a design factor of 5 should be a minimum of 2 5 of the ropes breaking force Where the rope is to operate on drums of 20 times the rope diameter or less and or subjected to higher loads then a higher installation tension of at least 4 of the ropes breaking force should be applied For ropes spooling onto storage winches a minimum tension of 2 of the ropes breaking force is recommended to achieve acceptable spooling on the winch The installation tension is required for two reasons Firstly to ensure a good fit between the diameter of the rope and the pitch of the drum grooving critical to achieve correct multilayer spooling Generally the relationship indicates that the measured rope diameter should be slightly smaller than the pitch dimension it must be recognised that after manufacture ropes will relax during transportation and handling resulting in the actual diameter of the rope increasing The tension applied during spooling is therefore necessary to return the rope diameter to that which was measured during manufacture or testing and required
22. cleaning dust and fumes may be produced which contain elements that may affect exposed workers The following indicates the order in which specific information is provided Carbon steel wire Coated steel wire Stainless steel wire Manufacturing rope lubricants Fibre cores Filling and covering materials General information Long term exposure limit 8 hour TWA reference Short term exposure limit 10 minute reference period mg m period mg m 10 20 None Listed OS 0 1 02 5 10 5 5 5 10 1 0 1 Gr 10 None Listed 0 5 10 20 10 5 9 O15 O2 5 10 None Listed 2 10 20 0 1 0 3 5 10 5 10 5 10 Vapour Pressure N A Vapour Density N A Evaporation N A Volatiles N A Boiling Point 2000C Steel Rope Technical Information Material Safety Data Coated Zinc and Zn95 A 15 Steel Wire Hazardous Ingredients Long term exposure limit Short term exposure limit Component Weight Max 8 hour TWA reference 10 minute reference period mg m period mg m Aluminium 0 3 10 20 Carbon a 1 0 None Listed Chromium 0 4 0 5 Cobalt 0 3 0 1 Copper 0 5 0 2 on Balance 5 10 _ Manganese 1 0 5 5 Molybdenum 0 1 5 10 Nickel 0 5 Phosphorus 0 1 0 1 0 3 Sion 0 5 10 Sulphur 05 None Listed Vanadium 0 25 0 5 Boron 0 1 10 20 Titanium 0 1 10 Nitrogen 0 01 5 9 bead 0 1 0 15 Arsenic oo 0 01 0 2 Zirconium 0 05 5 10 COATED Mic ss 10 0 5 10 Aluminium 1 5
23. on next page BRIDON Oil and Gas 43 Steel Rope Technical Information Troubleshooting Guide Broken rope ropes are likely to break when subjected to e Review operating conditions substantial overload or misuse particularly when a rope has already been subjected to mechanical damage Corrosion of the rope both internally and or externally can also result in a significant loss in metallic area The rope strength is reduced to a level where it is unable to sustain the normal working load SS Wave or corkscrew deformations normally associated e Check sheave and drum groove radii using sheave with multistrand ropes gauge to ensure that they are no smaller than nominal rope radius 5 Bridon recommends that the sheave drum groove radii are checked prior to any rope installation e Repair or replace drum sheaves if necessary e Check fleet angles in the reeving system a fleet angle in excess of 1 5 degrees may cause distortion see page 37 e Check that rope end has been secured in accordance with manufacturers instructions see page 50 e Check operating conditions for induced turn Rotation of the load in a single fall system e Review rope selection Free to e Consider use of rotation resistant or low rotation rope Force Creates Turn Rotate Rotation of the load ina e Review rope selection multi fall system ia Remedy e Consider use of rotation resistant or low rotation rope resu
24. one layer of strands in a stranded rope is laid in the opposite direction to the other layer s of wires or strands respectively Note Contra lay is only possible in spiral ropes having more than one layer of wires and in multi layer stranded ropes Rope lay length Stranded Rope That distance parallel to the axis of the rope in which the outer strands make one complete turn or helix about the axis of the rope Cores Core Central element usually of fibre or steel of a single layer stranded rope around which are laid helically the outer strands of a stranded rope or the outer unit ropes of a cable laid rope Fibre core Core made from natural fibres e g hemp sisal and designated by its diameter and runnage Synthetic Core Core made from synthetic fibres e g polypropylene and designated by its diameter and runnage Steel core Core produced either as an independent wire rope IWRC e g 7x7 or wire strand WSC e g 1x7 Solid polymer core Core produced as a single element of solid polymer having a round or grooved shape It may also contain internal elements of wire or fibre Insert Element of fibre or solid polymer so positioned as to separate adjacent strands or wires in the same or overlying layers and fill or partly fill some of the interstices in the rope see Zebra BRIDON Oil and Gas 67 68 Steel Rope Technical Information Rope Terminology Rope Characteristics and Properties Calculated
25. over sheaves requiring a flexible solution with exceptional bend fatigue properties and resistance to wear amp abrasion Q DYFORM BRISTAR 6 Dyform Bristar 6 ropes for riser tensioner applications are designed to give characteristics which enhance fatigue performance The compacting process facilitates excellent resistance to wear on the sheaves and drums See page 146 15 Handling Operations Deck Handling Endurance DYFORME 34LR 00 Endurance Dyform 34LR multi strand ropes are recommended for Ps demanding lift operations offering high strength low rotation construction kin The Dyform construction ensures accurate diameter tolerances for multi layer coiling and suitable for single or multi part reeving See page 20 D I Endurance DYFORM 8P Dyform 8PI ropes are impregnated with plastic providing a cushion within the rope that increases fatigue life and internal protection whilst maintain high strength crush resistance and low stretch See page 21 06 BRIDON Oil and Gas Product Selection Handling Operations Bridon Hydra range of products has been developed to meet the varying demands of different offshore lifting and deployment applications Specialist Lifting and Deployment Hydra 7500 Dyform multi strand ropes offer exceptional low rotational properties incorporating a high steel fill factor that provides high strength crush resistance improved fatigue performance a
26. petrol etc to remove oil from the skin Concentrations of oil mists fumes and vapours in the working atmosphere must be kept as low as is reasonably practicable Levels quoted in the current edition of HSE Guidance Note EH40 Occupational Exposure Limits must not be exceeded Health Hazards Inhalation of oil mists or fumes from heated rope lubricants in high concentrations may result in dizziness headache respiratory irritation or unconsciousness Eye contact may produce mild transient irritation to some users Fumes from heated rope lubricants in high concentrations may cause eye irritation lf heated rope lubricants contacts skin severe burns may result Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause irritation dermatitis or more serious skin disorders Fibre Cores Being in the centre of a steel wire rope the materials natural or synthetic from which fibre cores are produced do not present a health hazard during normal rope handling Even when the outer core strands are removed for example when the rope is required to be socketed the core materials present virtually no hazard to the users except maybe in the case of a used rope where in the absence of any service dressing or as a result of heavy working causing internal abrasive wear of the core the core may have decomposed into a fibre dust which might be inhaled although this is considered extremely unlikely The principal area of hazard is through the in
27. places such as over a Jib Head sheave On some running ropes but particularly relevant to standing ropes e g pendant ropes the areas adjacent to terminations should be given special attention See Fig 14 Note Shortening the rope re positions the areas of maximum deterioration in the system Where conditions permit begin operating with a rope which has a slightly longer length than necessary in order to allow for periodic shortening When a non preformed rope multi layer rope or parallel closed rope ie DSC is used with a wedge socket and is required to be shortened It is essential that the end of the rope is secured by welding or brazing before the rope is pulled through the main body of the socket to its new position Slacken the wedge in the socket Pass the rope through the socket by an amount equivalent to the crop length or sample required Note that the original bent portion of the rope must not be retained within the wedge socket Replace the wedge and pull up the socket Prepare and cut in accordance with section 3 12 Ensure that the rope tail cannot withdraw through the socket see section 3 13 Failure to observe this instruction will result in a significant deterioration in the performance of the rope and could render the rope completely unfit for further service 4 2 In cases where severe rope wear takes place at one end of a wire rope the life of the rope may be extended by changing round the drum
28. point contact e g 12 6 1 Compound lay Multiple operation strand which contains a minimum of three layers of wires the outer layer of which is laid over a parallel lay centre e g 16 6 6 6 1 Ropes Spiral Rope An assembly of two or more layers of shaped and or round wires laid helically over a centre usually a single round wire There are three categories of spiral rope viz spiral strand half locked coil and full locked coil Spiral Strand An assembly of two or more layers of round wires laid helically over a centre usually a single round wire Half locked Coil Rope A spiral rope type having an outer layer of wires containing alternate half lock and round wires Full locked Coil Rope A spiral rope type having an outer layer of full lock wires Stranded Rope An assembly of several strands laid helically in one or more layers around a core or centre There are three categories of stranded rope viz single layer multi layer and parallel closed Single Layer Rope Stranded rope consisting of one layer of strands laid helically over a core Note Stranded ropes consisting of three or four outer strands may or may not have a core Some three and four strand single layer ropes are designed to generate torque levels equivalent to those generated by rotation resistant and low rotation ropes Rotation resistant Rope Stranded rope having no less than ten outer strands and comprising an assembly of at least two layers o
29. positioned in the outer layer of wires in a spiral rope or in the outer layer of wires in the outer strands of a stranded rope Inner wires All wires of intermediate layers positioned between the centre wire and outer layer of wires in a spiral rope or all other wires except centre filler core and outer wires of a stranded rope Core wires All wires of the core of a stranded rope Centre wires Wires positioned either at the centre of a spiral rope or at the centres of strands of a stranded rope Layer of wires An assembly of wires having one pitch circle diameter The exception is Warrington layer comprising alternately laid large and small wires where the smaller wires are positioned on a larger pitch circle diameter than the larger wires The first layer is that which is laid immediately over the strand centre Note Filler wires do not constitute a separate layer Tensile strength grade of wires A level of requirement of tensile strength of a wire and its corresponding tensile strength range It is designated by the value according to the lower limit of tensile strength and is used when specifying wire and when determining the calculated minimum breaking force or calculated minimum aggregate breaking force of a rope Wire finish The condition of the surface finish of a wire e g bright Zinc coated BRIDON Oil and Gas 65 66 Steel Rope Technical Information Rope Terminology Strands Strand An element of rope
30. stated on the delivery note and or invoice or certificate when applicable will enable identification of the component parts The main component of a steel wire rope is the wire which may be carbon steel coated zinc or Zn95 A15 steel or stainless steel The other three components are i the core which may be of steel of the same type as used in the main strands or alternatively fibre either natural or synthetic ii the rope lubricant and where applicable ili any internal filling or 0 oy O gt 0 D L D N D 2 0 c Oo 3 To 2 D 0 Component Weight Max 0 3 10 0 4 Ore 0 5 Balance 1O 0 1 OBS 0 1 OFS O 5 0 25 0 1 0 1 0 01 0 1 0 01 005 0 5 OLS 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 Physical Data T9 89 1350 1500 C Solid Odourless Metal Insoluble None Specific Gravity Melting Point Appearance amp Odour Solubility in water Flash Point BRIDON Oil and Gas external covering No Occupational Exposure Limits OEL s exist for steel wire rope and the values provided in this publication relate to component elements and compounds The actual figures quoted in relation to the component parts are taken from the latest edition of EH40 Rope produced from carbon coated or stainless steel wires in the as supplied condition is not considered a health hazard However during any subsequent processing such as cutting welding grinding and
31. support guide sheaves to ensure that the rope has not jumped out of the intended reeving system e Review operating conditions e Check sheave and drum groove radii using sheave gauge to ensure that they are no smaller than nominal rope radius 5 Bridon recommends that the sheave and drum groove radii are checked prior to any rope installation e Repair or replace drum sheaves if necessary e Check fleet angles in the reeving system a fleet angle in excess of 1 5 degrees may cause distortion see page 37 e Check installation method turn induced during installation can cause excessive rope rotation resulting in distortion See pages 46 53 e Check if the rope has been cut on site prior to installation or cut to remove a damaged portion from the end of the rope If so was the correct cutting procedure used Incorrect cutting of rotation resistant low rotation and parallel closed ropes can cause distortion in operation See page 50 e Rope may have experienced a shock load e Check tension on underlying layers Bridon recommends an installation tension of between 2 and 10 of the minimum breaking force of the wire rope Care should be taken to ensure that tension is retained in service Insufficient tension will result in these lower layers being more prone to crushing damage e Review wire rope construction Dyform wire ropes are more resistant to crushing on underlying layers than conventional rope
32. to 1 59 However for some applications it is recognised that for practical reasons it is not always possible to comply with these general recommendations in which case the rope life could be affected Rope Torque The problem of torsional instability in hoist ropes would not exist if the ropes could be perfectly torque balanced under load The torque generated in a wire rope under load is usually directly related to the applied load by a constant torque factor For a given rope construction the torque factor can be expressed as a proportion of the rope diameter and this has been done below Variation with rope construction is relatively small and hence the scope for dramatically changing the stability of a hoisting system is limited Nevertheless the choice of the correct rope can have a deciding influence especially in systems which are operating close to the critical limit It should be noted that the rope torque referred to here is ourely that due to tensile loading No account is taken of the possible residual torque due for example to rope manufacture or installation procedures Torsional Stability The torque factors quoted on page 39 are approximate maximum values for the particular constructions To calculate the torque value for a particular rope size multiply by the nominal rope diameter Example for 52mm dia Hydra 7500 Dyform Lang s Lay at 20 of minimum breaking force Torque value torque factor x rope d
33. usually consisting of an assembly of wires of appropriate shape and dimensions laid helically in the same direction in one or more layers around a centre Note Strands containing three or four wires in the first layer or certain shaped e g ribbon strands may not have a centre Round strand A strand with a cross section which is approximately the shape of a circle Triangular strand A strand with a cross section which is approximately the shape of a triangle Note Triangular strands may have built up centres i e more than one wire forming a triangle Oval strand A strand with a cross section which is approximately the shape of an oval Flat ribbon strand A strand without a centre wire with a cross section which is approximately the shape of a rectangle Compacted strand A strand which has been subjected to a compacting process such as drawing rolling or swaging whereby the metallic cross sectional area of the wires remains unaltered and the shape of the wires and the dimensions of the strand are modified Note Bridon s brands of Dyform rope contain strands which have been compacted Single lay strand Strand which contains only one layer of wires e g 6 1 Parallel lay strand Strand which contains at least two layers of wires all of which are laid in one operation in the same direction e g 9 9 1 12 6F 6 1 14 7 7 7 1 Each layer of wires lies in the interstices of the underlying layer such that they are
34. 1 81919 Fax 62 021 799 2640 AFRICA Angola Sonils Base Luanda Angola angolaops bridon com Phone 244 923 726890 Fax 244 923 854180 Kwanda Base Soyo Angola kwandasupv bridon com Phone 244 935 939761 Fax 244 937 638565 SOUTH AFRICA oilandgas bridonafrica com Phone 27 0 11 867 3987 Cell 27 0 79 887 2747 Fax 27 0 11 867 3987 MIDDLE EAST Bridon Middle East PO Box 16931 Dubai United Arab Emirates bridonme emirates net ae Phone 971 488 35 129 Fax 971 488 35 689 BRAZIL oilandgas bridonbrazil com Phone 55 15 3232 8012 Fax 55 15 3232 8012 Contacts SINGAPORE Bridon Singapore Pte Ltd Loyang Offshore Supply Base SOPS Way Box No 5064 Loyang Crescent Singapore 508988 bluestrand bridon com sg Phone 65 654 64 611 Fax 65 654 64 622 CHINA Bridon Hong Kong Ltd Unit B G F Roxy Industrial Centre 58 66 Tai Lin Pai Road Kwai Chung Northern Territory Hong Kong sales bridon com hk Phone 852 240 11 166 Fax 852 240 11 232 Bridon Hangzhou 57 Yonghua Street Xiacheng District Hangzhou City Zhejiang Province 310022 PR China sales bridonhangzhou com Phone 86 571 8581 8780 Fax 86 571 8813 3310 AUSTRALIA oilandgas bridonaustralia com Phone 61 429 999 756 NEW ZEALAND 6 10 Greenmount Drive East Tamaki PO Box 14 422 Panmure Auckland salesadmin cookes co nz Phone 649 2744299 Fax 64 9 2747982 BRIDON Oil and Ga
35. 1 x 10 UK tont 1 UKtonf 9 964 02 KN 1N 0 2244 809 lbf 1UKtonf 2240 Ibf 1 kof 2 204 62 lof 1 short tonf 1t 0 984 207 UK tonf USA 2000 lbf 1 kN 0 100 361 UK toni 1 kip USA 1000 bi 1 KN 0 101 972 tonne t 1 kip 453 592 37 kof 1 kg 2 204 62 b 1 Ib 0 453 592 kg 1 tonne t 0 984 207 UK ton 1 UK ton 1 01605 tonnes t 1 kg m 0 671 970 lb ft 1 lb ft 1 488 kg m 1 kg 1000g 1 kip USA 1000 Ib 1 Mp 1x10 g 1 tonne t 9 80665 kN 1 N mm 0 101972 kgf mm 1 kgf mm 9 806 65 N mm 1 N mm 1 MPa im 3 cou ef it 1 ft s04eimn 1 km 0 621 371 miles 1 mile 1 609 344 km 1 mm 000 55 mM 1 in 645 16 mm 1 m2 10 763 9ft2 1 ft 0 092 903 0 m2 1 kamme 1 422 33 Biin 1 loine 7 030 104 kgf mm 1 N m 1 45038 x 10 lbi in 1 Ibf in 6894 76 N m TNime 1 10 N mme 1 tonf in 1 544 43 x 10 dyn cm 1 bar 14 503 8 lorin 1 hectobar 10N mm2 1 hectobar 107N m2 BRIDON Oil and Gas 1 em 0001 023 7 Ne 1 ins 16387 1 Ceme 1 litte 1 61 025 5 in 1 ins 10S 6 Mil 1 m3 6 102 37 X 104 ine I Moh 0 764 555 me Steel Rope Technical Information Good Practice When Ordering a Rope Basic information to be supplied Application or intended use Nominal rope diameter Diameter tolerance if applicable Nominal rope length Length tolerance if applicable Construction Brand or Name Type of core Rope grade Rope Lay Level of lubrication Mini
36. 108 12211207 asu 1356 11 10566597 108 4 4 59 0 396 629 423 496 33 3 11427 1165 1284 12814 1306 1439 11 11207008 111 5 43 63 1 424 67 2 45 1 53 1 35 7 12129 1237 13863 13675 13894 1536 11 1197 7480 114 A s 668 449 71 1 478 563 378 12775 1303 14386 14468 1475 1625 11 1266 7914 118 45 3 70 3 47 2 746 50 1 59 1 39 f 13594 1386 1528 1517 7 1547 1 705 11 1313 8309 121 5 43 4 74 1 498 78 5 52 7 622 41 8 14862 1465 1614 16008 1632 1798 11 1385 8764 124 A s M 52 2 82 2 552633 4379 ST 1537 1684 is7o0 708 1883 11 1452 9193 127 9 Oley 949 80 35 958 0 gt 9687 462 la722 1603 1767 717631 1797 1981 11 1526 2670 131 5 s 646 56 8 893 G00 70 S 476 isa 17 il 1885 18300 18652056 1 1552 10010 133 51 4 eee Osh Sete 28 74a SU le vl 17s SSO Jaga Weiss Zia 11 1628 10505 Dom 947 636 996 G69 795 534 16272 1863 2053 20542 2094 2308 11 1736 11198 141 SH ogri 66 6 104 09 SIN SOO O00030 TE D SUDA DIDI BAG iM toy S25 144 5 s 103 695 108 20 m0 060s 19867 m2020 T2 922259 2209 2500 11 1884 12154 146 5 53 4 108 28 113 76 1 90 7 T 609201697 2087 7 2500 23257 2371 2619 11 1269512700 147 5 5 113 76 0 vis 96 955 642 20900 2131 2349 24259 24 3 2725 11 2058 19275 153 6 kts 790 Ze 8297 991 66 6 2207022324830 25302 25 92042 11 2146 13846 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to matc
37. 1759 1295 12530 1 91 SO 18 790 2209 225 24S 2006 2935 259 ISA 30 19441188 1985 Mes 13885 20y Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 21 Products Spiral Strand A Axial m Minimum breaking force Fmin Sheathing ee diameter Unsheathed Sheathed Tons Tons ee ie i nf i FR es EE es E a A A 21 0 14 1 22 o2 e I T 4072 T es 4553 511 6 416 2519 25 8 226 152 244 164 189 127 4445 453 ie 4869 z 547 6 441 2674 70 A 248 16 7 267 179 209 140 4700 479 528 5344 545 600 8 484 2935 73 SI 2c eee 20 8 US 280 IS Se 575 65892 s 662 8 S 76 3 Ci AU sie D ANG ee eS Se 516 635 6416 654 T21 8 584 3541 79 3 s o2 E 0E eZ AN ee C0 ee GOD 621 684 7059 720 793 8 620 3878 82 31 4 Sooo oe oo eo 0 50 608 390 M7609978 858 8 671 4194 86 3 s Choo neon 38 9261 l 210 7190 739 808 8095 825 909 8 712 4451 90 3 40 1 27 0 43 1 SI oc One GA SANE OO GOZO Comoe 978 10 766 4787 925 3 s 42 9 288 46 1 31 0 360 242 8394 856 943 9267 945 1041 10 813 5080 999 33 4 45 9 308 492 331 Seid Zon tela SAN 1004 9917 1011 1114 10 870 5436 98 37 s 50 4 33389 540 363 427 287 9457 964 1063 10847 1106 1218 10 954 5963 102 4 597 301 57 6 38 7 45 3 30 4 10266 1047 1154 11558 1178 1298 11 1017 6354 105 5 4 s 556 Or oo 4399 456 srs 10867 1
38. 2 Zoe 29 16 2 3 20 17 7 22 9 15 4 5145 524 578 Sle 70 5 1 3159 3010 47 80 29 0 195 Se 16 9 5670 578 637 345 78 on 4350 3919 S 82 6 oa 30 9 20 8 20 0 134 6045 616 679 368 83 6 5 4788 3937 SLO 84 32 0 EAS 21 8 1o 7 0252 637 O2 380 85 6 8 5036 3658 Shih 88 9 3 2 353 24 1 oie 20 9 7002 714 787 426 96 8 1 5969 4097 6 4 g2 SOS 258 33 4 22 4 eZ 746 822 456 103 8 8 6456 4387 6 8 Sis 6 7 41 1 216 259 24 1 7856 801 882 490 110 Shi ATES 4708 ies 96 41 7 209 303 24 4 STZ 813 896 497 12 919 71330 47771 7 4 101 6 4 46 8 31 4 40 7 TRG 8702 887 978 556 125 12 0 8481 5351 8 3 Torque generated Rope Minimum breaking force Axial stiffness 20 load Metallic diameter nar SUNG ad Fmin 20 load Tana SIN cross section Lasoo 76 2 26 3 IET 229 15 4 4558 D 2356 2873 80 2910 195 252 OWS 5024 564 BENE Sion a 82 6 3 4 30 9 209 26 9 18 1 5356 546 602 354 80 4 1 3001 3376 D2 84 Sieg Ale 2m3 iem 5539 565 622 307 82 4 3 3156 3491 5 4 88 9 ou Core 24 0 31 1 20 9 6204 632 697 411 g2 Sal 3742 3011 6 1 22 38 3 29 30 0 22 4 6644 677 746 440 99 36 4147 4188 Gro 953 ea 41 1 Zio 30 6 24 0 N29 21 801 472 106 6 3 4609 4494 TANG 96 41 7 28 0 36 3 24 4 7235 con 813 479 108 6 4 4711 4560 TS LOG 4 46 7 31 4 40 7 Ale 8103 826 gi 536 121 7 6 5585 5108 T9 108 4 1 4 52 8 335 45 9 30 9 G56 933 1029 606 136 9 1 6708 saa oo 114 3 4 1 2 oon 9 7 51 4 34 6 10125 1032 1137 679 159 107 7851 6464 10 0 Zon 4 3 4 65 9 44 3 57 4 30 0 m29 THI 1268 om 170 125 9245
39. 29 10541 16 3 140 94 7 63 7 83 8 56 3 15843 1615 ASI 1047 235 7540 5960 10578 16 4 143 98 6 66 3 On 2 58 6 16530 1685 1858 1090 245 8036 SoZ Oe NAN 17 1 152 4 6 112 4 KIS ooo 66 9 19031 1940 2138 1241 219 9861 7272 12545 19 4 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements 16 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products Hydra 7300 DYFORNM Torque generated QPPrOXImAtE mass Minimum breaking force Axial stiffness 20 load Metallic Rope diamete 20 ti iameter INEC Fmin 20 load cross section Tons Tonnes 2000lbs 40 Ue 4 9 6 5 4 4 1324 135 149 87 19 Or 539 842 ie 42 8 1 5 4 Tal 4 8 1460 149 164 96 2i 0 8 624 928 1 4 44 9 9 6 0 1 6 593 1602 163 180 105 24 019 mir 1019 1 6 46 Shi 6 5 8 6 956 Wal 17 ov TIS 26 1 1 820 1113 JAH 46 10 6 Teal 9 4 6 3 1907 194 214 125 28 1 2 931 1212 is 50 ies on 102 6 8 2069 211 232 136 30 1 4 1053 1316 2 0 52 22 8 9 WS T 2390 244 269 146 33 1 6 1195 1402 22 54 2 s 132 og Ls E 2584 263 290 157 39 1 8 1338 1512 2 3 56 14 2 93 12 4 8 3 Ze 283 312 1169 38 2 0 1492 1626 29 Se 2 4 14 8 10 0 13 0 o 2899 295 326 176 40 22 1590 1696 26 60 16 3 EO 14 2 95 5190 325 358 194 44 25 1835 1866 29 60 3 2 16 5 i 14 3 9 6 OZAR 328 362 196 44 29 1863 1885 29 63 5 2 o 18 3 12 3 1S OLT 3573 364 401 WA 49 3 0
40. 3 240 54 a 2521 2306 T357 68 209 4 18 2 122 4097 418 460 249 56 3 6 2671 AM 2 69 9 2 JA 22 149 193 129 4329 44 486 263 59 3 9 2902 PN oe 72 ee sys A ee abe vers 516 279 63 45 ca 2097 A7 76 26 25 16 D TT a T2 579 gii 70 5 1 3729 2994 4 64 76 2 3 oye A E BE ey A aa 576 313 70 Sul 3759 3010 4 67 80 290 195 T252 16 9 567 0 578 637 345 78 59 4250 eels mn A 82 6 3 4 S09 2013 26 97 138 1 6045 616 679 368 83 6 5 4788 cor ae 84 SA eo le 252 noo 702 380 85 6 8 5036 6658 9 5 67 88 351 23 6 mT OS 820 5 6861 699 E 417 94 G9 5790 AGAM 22 88 9 31 2 cone A Oat 209 7002 714 787 426 96 8 1 5969 4097 6 35 92 clone 2 ye eee 746 822 456 103 8 8 6456 4387 6 80 953 SA 411 27 Oo T A SS Si 882 490 110 9 7 Wes 4708 7 30 96 AN l 363 244 7972 B3 896 497 12 9 9 7335 AT TAG 100 453 304 394 265 8430 859 947 539 121 11 8086 5184 8 03 101 6 4 ABBT SA TT AOT aa an O02 roar 978 556 123 12 8481 5851329 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements 10 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products d DIAMOND LEN NU A imat Rope Minimum breaking Axial stiffness Torque generated 20 load Metallic Cross Ordinary lay section j t i 20 diameter inair a force Fmin 20 load Tons mm in oom ion oom on io ames aa we ome em ean ome Do
41. 3 279 156 35 0 5 342 197 2 2 4 54 2 s 14 6 98 Wet 8 5 2075 2719 300 168 38 WIS 383 1695 2 6 56 on 105 13 6 92 2077 293 323 180 41 0 6 428 1823 6 Sio 2 1 4 16 3 WO 14 2 9 6 2945 300 331 188 42 0 6 447 1898 29 58 16 8 113 14 6 9 8 3033 309 341 194 44 0 6 467 1959 3 0 60 18 0 12 lor 109 3246 331 365 207 47 O7 S 2092 3 2 62 122 1209 tow i2 3466 353 389 221 50 0 8 570 2234 23 63 5 202 oe Wes 116 3635 371 408 232 52 0 8 613 2344 36 64 20 5 13 8 178 12 0 3693 376 415 236 53 0 9 627 2381 l 66 21 8 14 6 18 9 1207 392 400 441 25 56 09 688 2932 39 68 Zou oS 20 1 13 5 4169 425 468 266 60 1 0 753 2687 4 2 699 2 Ja 24 4 16 4 21 3 14 3 4357 444 489 281 63 ile 809 2840 4 4 70 24 5 16 3 215 14 3 4370 445 491 282 63 KA 812 2848 4 4 2 259 17 4 220 ISe 4623 471 519 298 67 2 884 3013 4 7 74 27 4 18 4 23 8 GAN 4883 498 549 Sis 7 2 959 3183 4 9 76 27 4 18 4 24 3 16 3 5003 510 562 302 68 3 0 2245 3049 4 7 O2 3 26 199 24 4 16 4 5003 510 562 303 68 3 1 2252 3065 4 7 82 6 3 1 4 32 4 218 20 71 19 3 DE 568 625 356 80 oe TNT 3601 96 83 32 6 2 8 20 9 19 4 SoZ 568 625 340 76 ont Zee 3635 5 6 88 9 3 2 9 292 33 2 225 6180 630 694 413 93 4 4 3249 4170 6 5 90 38 6 259 34 2 23 0 6386 670 738 423 95 4 6 3397 4274 6 6 95 3 3 3 4 43 5 202 38 4 298 T2 T25 199 485 109 5 4 4002 4906 6 96 44 1 296 59 2 26 3 7455 760 837 493 110 S 4225 4978 7 101 6 4 48 8 32 8 43 3 291 8318 848 995 532 S 6 8 4993 5975 8 3 109 Da 37 3 49 1 33 0 9613 980 1080 612 138 8 4 6189 6185 9 6 114 3 4 1 2
42. 3802 948 1045 679 153 14 10213 6464 10 0 120 7 43 4 63 1 424 549 36 9 10373 1057 1165 757 100 16 12027 KAS 2 127 6 698 469 608 408 11484 1171 1290 838 188 19 14010 7981 12 4 For use in floating production mooring systems the minimum breaking loads MBL are for cables with a drawn galvanised Z class finish which gives corrosion protection for upto 6 years For corrosion protection upto 10 years the cables are final galvanised A class In this case the minimum breaking loads will be reduced by approximately 2 Contact Bridon for specific requirements Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 11 Products Blue Strand 6x19 Class to API steel core Metric Approximate Torang Minimum breaking force Fmin Axial generated Metallic stiffness 20 load cross diameter 20 load i section 1770 grade 1770 grade 1960 grade 1960 grade 21 260grade 260grade Ordinary os a nd E 2107 1 81 43 4 4 9 48 1 53 0 590 594 olke 172 127 0 470 Bala 2 T 504A 55 65 ae 55 6 GRA a OLS OAK ANa 214 158 o 0 546 32 40 2 75 645 05 7 T26 75 129 80 3 787 CUZ SBA AA 11 320 236 AGO m0 vals 36 518 34G O17 83 3 91 8 904 92 2 102 997 102 112 59 9 15 456 336 582 0 902 So 578 IOS 910 92 8 102 1010 103 113 1110 113 125 66 8
43. 48 3 48 16 6 4160 424 467 278 62 4438 3272 2671 4 14 19 5 4830 493 543 326 73 5585 4119 3138 4 86 227 S040 si 620 378 85 68 70 S066 3635 5 64 26 0 A ase 0 s 434 98 8365 6168 4178 6 48 AS 6340 647 712 498 112 9054 6676 4786 7 42 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 13 Products DYFORM BRISTAR 6x19 Class for Drilling Lines Minimum breaking Axial stiffness Rope CLA Torgue generated 2026 load Metallic cross Sere nar EIPS 1960 grade Co Ordinary Lang s section KAKA NAN NANA ome Dm on on on on ow 29 4 2 84 1 91 514 52 4 S 180 138 0518 28 6 7 3 60 2 A2 652 66 4 12 r a 257 190 T T a 0 657 31 8 we Al ale 2 99 805 O25 90 5 54 12 3593 261 n a n a 524 0 812 34 9 13 8 5 16 3 60 970 98 9 109 65 15 467 345 n a n a 631 0 979 30 11 2 6 39 4 29 1156 ie 130 78 INA 608 448 n a n a 752 1 17 41 3 15 8 Po 5 04 1359 138 153 91 20 774 571 n a n a 884 1 37 44 5 13 4 8 71 5 65 1577 161 174 106 24 969 iA n a n a 1026 1 59 ATG 17 s 9 97 6 70 1805 184 209 IPA 27 1185 874 n a n a 1174 1 82 50 8 2 11 4 7 63 2055 210 Poi 138 3l 1441 1063 n a n a 1338 207 54 0 2 8 12 8 8 62 2325 257 261 156 35 173 1276 n a n a 1512 2 304 572 2 4 14 4 9 67 2606 266 293 175 39 20S ae bale n a n a 1696 2 603 65 9 2 2 I
44. 54 1 557 56 8 33 20 46 335 3 13 576 58 7 604 61 6 36 23 52 363 3 38 623 63 5 654 66 6 39 26 58 393 3 65 672 68 5 705 71 9 42 29 65 424 28 o oe 73 6 758 Te 45 32 73 456 gt 775 79 0 813 82 9 48 36 81 489 e450 829 84 5 870 88 7 52 40 90 523 512 939 95 7 990 101 59 48 108 595 i578 1060 108 67 58 130 672 ee 6 1124 115 70 63 142 712 _ 36 sag 1189 TA 75 68 154 753 7222 1325 135 83 81 181 839 D soo 1468 150 92 94 i 930 Dyform 34x19 E os 1618 165 101 109 245 1025 449 68 1776 181 T 125 281 1125 46 106 1941 198 122 143 321 1230 Rs 2113 215 133 162 365 1339 Gi 125 2293 234 144 183 413 1453 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements 20 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products BRIDON Endino DYFORM 8Pl Ba Minimum breaking force Fmin Axial WL ees Metallic Rope stiffness cross Sate Sinai EIPS 1960 grade 2160 grade De Ordinary Lang s merchant ee aa ma EA KA EA KA EA KA EI KAI ORRO 290 25l 24 1 26 5 137 0 212 1 36 0 911 a 26 0 28 6 21 2 29 9 Ti 154 0 239 18 152 1 02 286 29 1 32 1 299 30 5 33 6 17 3 9 V2 53 93 68 173 gt 0 268 19 1 70 1 14 SIS 825 35 0 608 33 9 Sm 19 ARO 85 62 109 80 193 0 299 19 1 3 4 1 72 1 15 322 g2 GN 336 GANG SRO 19 4 4 86 63 111 82 195 0 302 20 1 66 1026 S00 36 0 39
45. 9 16 123 9320 2093 6 4 4 3 122 Zee DOE 256 92 ge 9679 2209 415 6 Zs 9810 2205 6 7 4 5 reo 2o 588 6 132 3 833 9 187 4 1039 9 233 7 Steelite Xcel constructions shown in the above table exhibit a relative density of lt 1 and are therefore neutrally buoyant in seawater Diameters shown in the above table are nominal values and should be used for guidance purposes only Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 25 Products VIKING Nylon Super Hawser Approximate mass Diameter Circumference MBL new dry MBL new wet LLL LLL 10 4 0 2 324 308 3 8 80 251 3 1440 1370 3 2 88 11 MO 4 8 3 2 1750 393 1660 373 33 4 96 12 301 6 Sr 3 8 2040 458 1940 436 Al s 104 13 320 Oy 4 5 2440 548 2310 SS 43 s 112 14 saile ds SZ 2820 634 2680 602 43 4 120 ilk SIT che 6 0 3210 pei 3050 685 5 128 16 402 1 102 609 3610 811 3420 769 59 s 136 17 427 3 11 4 a 4110 924 3900 876 5 s 144 18 452 4 126 8 6 4610 1036 4370 982 6 52 19 471 5 14 3 9 6 5110 1148 4850 1090 6 4 160 20 502 7 TERE 10 6 5660 1272 5370 o 6 s 168 21 529 17 4 lee 6230 1400 5910 1328 ae 192 24 603 2 Zane 13 3 8150 1832 7730 1737 8 2 216 27 678 6 28 8 19 4 10300 2319 CT 2196 a 240 30 754 0 35 6 239 12700 2854 12000 2697 Diameters shown in the abov
46. G 3 3 Ensure that the correct rope has been supplied by checking to see that the description on the Certificate Failure to carry out or pay attention to any of the is in accordance with that specified in the purchaser s above could result in a loss of strength and or a order reduction in performance In extreme cases the 5 3 4 Check by measurement that the nominal diameter of rope may be unfit for safe use the new rope conforms to the nominal size stated on the Certificate 2 Certification and Markin er g For verification purposes measure the diameter by Make sure that the relevant Certificate has been using a Suitable rope vernier fitted with jaws broad obtained before taking the rope into use for a lifting enough to cover not less than two adjacent strands operation Refer to statutory requirements Take two sets of measurements spaced at least 1 metre apart ensuring that they are taken at the Check to verify that the marking on the rope or its P 9 A largest cross sectional dimension of the rope At package matches the relevant Certificate each point take measurements at right angles to Note The rating of a component part of a machine or lifting each other accessory is the responsibility of the designer of the machine or A beat a db The average of these four measurements should be nae BANA Ah E E a within the tolerances specified in the appropriate ee incite Standard or Specification Retain the Certificate in a safe place for i
47. IDON Oil and Gas Non destructive examination NDE The primary cause of wire rope failure is internal degradation through corrosion and fatigue We provide a comprehensives non destructive examination service operating to the most meticulous standards This detects the presence of defects such as broken wires both on the surface and within the rope loss of metallic cross sectional area and distortions Results from this examination are recorded progressively in digital format from the survey head of the specialist equipment to a notebook or laptop as the wire rope passes through the head The resulting trace is then analysed and a comprehensive report produced Splicing In addition to any basic splicing requirements BRIDON are able to offer a variety of specialist splicing abilities such as long splicing to meet our client s needs Such requirements which are carried out in situ may entail rope driven conveyors aerial haulages funiculars tile conveyors etc and may be long splices or eye splices including multi strand and bordeaux connection All splices including passenger carrying ropes are carried out to internationally recognised standards Where required all splicing materials including liquid rubber for injection to the splice area can be provided Training Bridon has established a deserved reputation for running high quality training courses which is no less than would be expected from a world leader i
48. N BNN These fractures may be internal only and will not be visually identified Vibration in wire rope will cause deterioration This may become apparent in the form of wire fractures where the vibration is absorbed If necessary refer to the appropriate Regulations and or application standards and calculate the maximum force to which the rope will be subjected 6 5 Distortion The calculation may take into account the mass to be lifted or moved any shock loading effects of high Wire rope can be distorted due to high pressure speed acceleration any sudden starts or stops against a sheave improperly sized grooves or as a frequency of operation and sheave bearing friction result of multi layer coiling on a drum By applying the relevant coefficient of utilisation Rope with a steel core is more resistant to crushing safety factor and where applicable the efficiency of and distortion the rope termination the required minimum breaking load or force of the rope will be determined the ee nas ION values of which are available from the relevant Rope with a large number of small wires is more National European or International standards or from susceptible to corrosion than rope with a small specific Product Data literature number of large wires Therefore if corrosion is If in doubt ask for advice from Bridon or expected to have a significant effect on rope Bridon s distributor performance select a galvanised rope with as lar
49. S 884 3013 4 7 74 21 4 18 4 23 8 16 0 4883 498 549 IS fi 1301 959 3183 4 9 76 28 9 19 4 ZS 169 Sion O25 579 332 79 1409 1039 3357 NE 3 2 3 2910 199 203 Leo alal S25 519 334 US 1413 1042 3375 J2 UL 206 20 0 26 0 WIS 5246 535 590 340 76 1455 1072 3445 5 3 82 6 3 1 4 34 1 229 20 199 5810 592 653 393 88 1728 1274 3965 62 83 34 4 291 30 0 20 1 5810 592 653 396 89 1736 1280 4004 62 88 9 ee Seo 26 6 34 4 2o 6660 679 748 455 102 2131 one 4593 el 90 40 5 EI 2 coe 23 6818 695 765 466 105 2158 Shi 4708 Ves J2 42 6 28 6 37 1 2510 2 125 800 471 106 2355 1736 4761 1 4 953 3 3 4 45 4 30 5 5915 AN 7650 780 859 523 ia A 2625 Sie 5278 02 96 46 1 31 0 40 1 20 9 7760 79 872 530 iis 2682 one 5356 8 3 100 48 5 32 6 42 2 28 3 8339 850 93 539 120 3000 2E 2 5415 8 4 101 6 4 50 0 33 6 44 2 ZS 8662 883 973 553 124 20992 2206 5589 SA 102 926 35 4 46 5 old 8731 890 981 580 130 3027 2231 5870 gi 103 54 3 36 5 48 0 322 8829 900 992 600 134 3090 ETS 6060 9 4 109 E 38 8 alki 34 3 9810 1000 1102 638 143 3635 2680 6447 10 0 114 3 4 1 2 63 4 42 6 56 1 Sif S6SB NUSU OO 700 Na 4117 3036 7080 110 116 678 45 6 60 0 40 3 10889 1110 1224 750 168 4294 3166 7581 ile 125 192 50 6 66 5 44 7 12753 1300 1434 831 186 5420 3996 8398 13 0 27 g SS SA 69 5 46 7 13342 1360 1499 868 ios 5760 4248 8770 13 6 126 80 1 D 70 9 47 6 135388 1380 1821 885 199 5890 4344 8950 13 9 135 87 8 59 0 LOG SLA D002 a 530 1687 970 218 6889 5080 9792 JE 197 oe 94 4 63 4 83 5 56 1 15784 1609 1774 1043 234 7497 59
50. SIT 2090 32 64 18 6 125 16 1 10 8 3629 3 0 408 221 50 3 0 aay 2123 3 3 66 7 2 s 202 Ges WAS ies 3942 402 443 240 54 3 4 232 2306 3 6 68 20 9 14 1 lo 2 122 4097 418 460 249 56 3 6 2671 2397 om 69 9 a 22 14 9 19 3 29 4329 441 486 263 59 3 9 2902 2533 3 9 v2 239 See 20 4 137 4593 468 516 ZIG 63 4 3 3171 2687 4 2 76 D 17 6 226 15 3 5118 S22 SS 311 70 gi 3129 2994 4 6 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 17 Products Hydra 5300 DYFORM Gane Rope Minimum breaking force Axial stiffness 20 load Metallic diameter ar mEes Fmin 20 load Dong oe cross section He oe ae ES 102 2069 211 136 1053 1316 122 ES 3 2396 244 146 G 1195 1402 53 54 2 1 8 1392 8 9 alles eal 2584 263 290 157 35 iS 1398 1o12 23 56 14 2 g5 12 4 8 3 2m9 283 312 169 38 20 1492 1626 25 SIZ 2 4 14 8 1070 13 0 o7 2099 205 326 176 40 22 1590 1696 2 6 60 163 110 14 2 g5 3190 J29 358 194 44 25 1835 1866 2 9 60 3 2 s 169 Ii 14 3 9 6 S222 328 362 196 44 29 1863 1885 29 63 0 2 o ihe 123 ees TO GSS 364 401 A 49 3 0 2119 2090 oe 66 7 2 s 20 2 1885 17 95 lige 3942 402 443 240 54 3 4 202 2306 3 6 68 20 9 14 1 192 12 2 4097 418 460 249 56 3 6 2671 2397 S 09 9 24 22 14 9 Sho 129 4329 441 486 209 59 oe 290
51. a wire rope lubricant and which may be considered hazardous to health Hazardous Ingredients Long term Short term exposure limit exposure limit Component 8 hour TWA 10 minute reference reference period mg m period mg m Oil mist 5 10 Paraffin wax fume 2 6 Bitumen 5 10 Silica fused Total inhalable dust 03 Respirable dust 0 1 Aluminium flake 10 20 Zinc oxide fume 5 10 Butane 1430 1780 There are no other known constituents of any wire rope lubricant used that are classified as hazardous in the current edition of EH40 General advice on handling ropes with lubricants To avoid the possibility of skin disorders repeated or prolonged contact with mineral or synthetic hydrocarbons must be avoided and it is essential that all persons who come into contact with such products maintain high standards of personal hygiene BRIDON Oil and Gas The worker should 1 use oil impermeable gloves or if not available suitable oil repellent type barrier creams 2 avoid unnecessary contact with oil using protective clothing 3 obtain first aid treatment for any injury however slight 4 wash hands thoroughly before meals before using the toilet and after work 5 use conditioning creams after washing where provided The worker should not 1 put oily rags or tools into pockets especially trousers use dirty or spoiled rags for wiping oil from the skin 3 wear oil soaked clothing use solvents such as parafin
52. ained by a lubricated rope Do not dress lubricate the rope if the application required it to remain dry Refer OEM s instruction manual Reduce the period between examinations when ropes are not subjected to any in service dressing and when they must remain dry Note The authorised person carrying out a rope inspection must be capable of recognising the potential loss of safe performance of such a rope in comparison with lubricated rope Clean the rope before applying a fresh dressing lubricant if it is heavily loaded with foreign matter e g sand dust Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety instructions amp Warnings on the use of steel wire rope 4 10 4 12 4 13 The authorised person responsible for carrying out wire rope maintenance must ensure that the ends of the rope are secure At the drum end this will involve checking the integrity of the anchorage and ensuring that there are at least two and a half dead laps tightly coiled At the outboard end the integrity of the termination must be checked to ensure that it is in accordance with the OEM s manual or other documents approved by the owner of the appliance Adjust the lengths of ropes in multi rope systems in order that equal forces within approved limits are evident If a wire rope needs cutting refer to 3 12 When securing rope ends refer to 3 13 When re usable end terminations are used refer to 3 15 When re connecting any end termi
53. amage and premature discard problems arise from incorrect handling and treatment of the rope in service With the Drilling Lines now becoming much larger in diameter and often longer in length making them significantly heavier the potential for damage is proportionally greater Therefore it becomes increasingly essential that these ropes are handled correctly in order to operate safely and optimise the rope working life Rope Storage Unwrap and examine the rope immediately after delivery to site whether it s at the on shore base warehouse or out on the rig to confirm everything is in order Check its diameter its identification and condition and to verify that it is fully in accordance with your requirement as per the purchase order and specification and importantly the details shown on the Certificates and documents Select a clean and well ventilated dry location for storage where it is not likely to be affected by chemical fumes steam of corrosive agents Mount the reel on timbers or suitable frame to ensure that the rope does not make direct contact with the ground and if stored for extended periods of time ensure the reel in rotated periodically to prevent the migration of lubricants from the rope Installation Prior to installation of the rope drill line ensure that A The drill line storage reel is properly mounted and free to rotate B The reel is correctly positioned so that the drill line
54. application machinery standard Note General guidance to users is given in ISO 4309 Code of practice for the selection care and maintenance of steel wire rope Transfer the wire rope carefully from the storage area to the installation site 48 BRIDON Oil and Gas Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety instructions amp Warnings on the use of steel wire rope Reels Pass a shaft through the reel and place the reel ina Suitable stand which allows it to rotate and be braked to avoid overrun during installation Where multi layer coiling is involved it may be necessary for the reel to be placed in equipment which has the capability of providing a back tension in the rope as it is being transferred from reel to drum This is to ensure that the underlying and subsequent laps are wound tightly on the drum See Fig 7 Fig 7 Position the reel and stand such that the fleet angle during installation is limited to 1 5 degrees See Fig 8 ANGLE OF FLEET kd cenTRE LINE OF REEL CENTRE LINE OF SHEAVE X Fig 8 If a loop forms in the rope ensure that it does not tighten to form a kink A kink can severely affect the strength of a six strand rope and can result in distortion of a rotation resistant or low rotation rope leading to its immediate discard Ensure that the reel stand is mounted so as not to create a reverse bend during reeving i e for a winch drum with an overlap ro
55. ation With resources and support services based at key hubs on every continent BRIDON really does provide a truly International specialist after sales service in wire and fibre rope Repair and Maintenance Repair and maintenance can be carried out in many forms All types of ropes including haulage multi strand rope Locked Coil and Spiral Strand are catered for from a broken wire to a total re splice Installation amp Replacement Services The service life and safety of a wire rope can depend as much upon the quality of the installation as upon the quality of the product itself To protect your investment take advantage of our installation and replacement service expert international support covering virtually all tyoes of equipment which uses or incorporates wire rope Typical installations include mining applications elevators excavators cranes and aerial ropeways Bridon Services has a range of specialised installation equipment such as back tension winches spoolers and hydraulic tensioners that can be employed in conjunction with our skilled engineers to ensure installations of wire rope are carried out correctly professionally and above all safely Inspection amp Statutory Examination Services We are also able to provide customers with statutory examination services as required under law which subjects wire rope and lifting equipment below the hook to stringent testing and examination procedures BR
56. ators should wear approved dust and fume respirators if OES s are exceeded The OES for total dust is 10mg m3 and for respirable dust is 5mg m Protective equipment Protective equipment should be worn during operations creating eye hazards A welding hood should be worn when welding or burning Use gloves and other protective equipment when required 3 Other Principles of good personal hygiene should be followed prior to changing into street clothing or eating Food should not be consumed in the working environment 2 Nagi Emergency medical procedures 1 Inhalation Remove to fresh air get medical attention 2 Skin Wash areas well with soap and water 3 Eyes Flush well with running water to remove particulate get medical attention 4 Ingestion In the unlikely event that quantities of rope or any of its components are ingested get medical attention Safety Information 1 Fire and explosion In the solid state steel components of the rope present no fire or explosion hazard the organic elements present i e lubricants natural and synthetic fibres and other natural or synthetic filling and covering materials are capable of supporting fire 2 Reactivity Stable under normal conditions Spill or leak procedures 1 Spill or leak Not applicable to steel in the solid form 2 Disposal Dispose of in accordance with local Regulations Rope Terminology Wires Outer wires All wires
57. atory or other internal problems from the inhalation of fumes when cutting ropes or preparing sockets for re use eye injuries from sparks when cutting ropes lacerations to the body from wire and rope ends bruising of the body and damage to limbs due to rope recoil backlash and any sudden deviation from the line of path of rope Check the general condition of the drum If the drum is grooved check the radius and pitch and ensure that the grooves will satisfactorily accommodate the size of the new rope see Fig 3 K J Fig 3 Check the condition and position of the kicker plates or wear plates if fitted to ensure that the new rope will spool correctly on the drum BRIDON Oil and Gas A7 Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety Instructions amp Warnings on the use of steel wire rope Sheaves Coils Ensure that the grooving is of the correct shape and Place the coil on the ground and roll it out straight size for the new rope ensuring that it does not become contaminated with Check that all sheaves are free to rotate and in dust grit moisture or any other harmful material good condition See Fig 5 Rope guards Check that any rope guards are correctly fitted and are in good condition Check the condition of any wear plates or rollers which are protecting structural members Failure to carry out any of the above could result in Fig 5 unsatisfactory and unsafe rope performance
58. ayers are adequately bedded to withstand crushing forces as higher layers are added 1 Self weight only 2 Self weight plus 8 of the maximum operational load 3 Self weight plus 17 of the maximum operational load 4 10 Self weight plus 25 of the maximum operational load It is acknowledged that operational time constraints may not permit the full recommended training cycle In these instances the minimum number of deployments recommended is 4 following cycles 1 4 in the above table In this case special attention should be paid during spooling after the 4th deployment to ensure there are no significant gaps between the individual wraps of rope or at the drum flanges The minimum number of cycles is based on the understanding of hysteresis graphs of load against extension that indicate approximately 65 of the anticipated constructional extension is removed after 4 cycles The full 10 cycles will better equip the rope for long term performance and operators should aim to achieve the maximum number of cycle possible given time constraints allowable Variation from the above advice and selection of the most appropriate training cycle is the responsibility of the rope user considering Bridon s advice for the rope and the lifting equipment s anticipated maximum operational loads BRIDON Oil and Gas During the training process and subsequent use the rope will have rotated and elongated therefore whilst the rope is under tension
59. balance Protrusion of rope centre resulting from build up of turn Substantial wear and severe internal corrosion BRIDON Oil and Gas 41 4 Steel Rope Technical Information Troubleshooting Guide The following is a simplified guide to common wire rope problems More detailed advice can be obtained from any Bridon distributor In the event of no other standard being applicable Bridon recommends that ropes are inspected examined in accordance with ISO 4309 Mechanical damage caused by the rope contacting the structure of the installation on which it is operating or an external structure usually of a localised nature Opening of strands in rotation resistant low rotation and parallel closed ropes in extreme circumstances the rope may develop a birdcage distortion or protrusion of inner strands Note rotation resistant and low rotation ropes are designed with a specific strand gap which may be apparent on delivery in an off tension condition These gaps will close under load and will have no effect on the operational performance of the rope SI i te ee ad s se re dee a et Broken wires or crushed or flattened rope on lower layers at crossover points in multi layer coiling situations Wire breaks usually resulting from crushing or abrasion Wires looping from strands BRIDON Oil and Gas e Generally results from operational conditions e Check sheave guards and
60. block weight and friction then angular displacement for a height of lift of 30 metres is given by sin 4 000 30 0 936 9362 0 128 i e 7 35 The reeving would be expected to cable at a height of lift calculated as L amp 4000 Ty 9362 4 000 0 936 234 metres From the crane designer s viewpoint a safety factor against cabling should be recognised angular displacement limited at 30 hence the practical height of lift is approximately 45 metres Steel Rope Technical Information Summary Technical Information For guidance purposes only Bridon supply a range of Endurance High Performance steel wire ropes specifically designed and manufactured to meet the needs of today s cranes and the demanding applications to which they are exposed High performance ropes are normally selected by customers when they require the specific characteristics of improved performance high strength low extension or low rotation Extension Rotational characteristics characteristics Nominal Ti factor at Metallic BO HOT E Turn value Nominal Rope Area Initial force at 20 of Lay length permanent breaking mm Rope Construction extension force 9 degrees rope lay 6 amp 8 Strand High Performance 60 0526 103 0 1 6 9 109 60 6 5 x Nom rope dia 66 0 0 518 103 0 1 6 9 109 60 6 5 x Nom rope dia 63 0 0 495 96 o2 7 0 9 0 90 6 5 x Nom rope dia 68 0 0 534 100 O15 7 0 9 0 90 6 5 x Nom
61. ce Off take Mooring Systems A comprehensive design package tailored to suit individual location requirements for single point moorings and tandem offloading systems Packages include chafe chains support buoys shackles and fittings and are based on our high quality specialist fibre ropes Bridon Superline Nylon and Viking Braidline Nylon Super Hawser offer a higher strength to weight ratio than conventional constructions and both are fully compliant with OCIMF Guidelines for the Purchasing amp Testing of SPM Hawsers Puking BRAIDLINE OOO Nylon Super Hawser Viking Braidline Nylon Super Hawser is a balanced flexible construction which distributes the weight and strength equally between the sheath and the braided core Viking Braidline offers a higher elongation than competing constructions and is suitable for many shock load applications See page 26 BRIDON SUPERLINE Nylon OCIMF 2000 Bridon Superline is a torque balanced circular braided construction consisting of an outer protective braided jacket over a central group of parallel low twist cores In the as new condition Bridon Superline offers a slightly stiffer solution than the Viking Braidline Construction See page 27 04 BRIDON Oil and Gas Product Selection Floating Production Mooring Systems Bridon s specialist fibre tethers and high strength steel cables for permanent mooring of floating production facilities offer a range of properties to ensure the
62. constructions e Do not use more rope than necessary e Check drum diameter Insufficient bending ratio increases tread pressure e Insufficient service dressing e Consider alternative rope construction e f wires are looping out of the rope underneath a crossover point there may be insufficient tension on the lower wraps on the drum e Check for areas of rope crushing or distortion Steel Rope Technical Information Troubleshooting Guide Pigtail or severe spiralling in rope e Check that the sheave and drum diameter is large enough Bridon recommends a minimum ratio of the drum sheave to nominal rope diameter of 18 1 e Indicates that the rope has run over a small radius or sharp edge e Check to see if the rope has jumped off a sheave and has run over a shaft Two single axial lines of broken wires running along the e Check sheave and drum groove radii using sheave length of the rope approximately 120 degrees apart gauge to ensure that they are no smaller than nominal indicating that the rope is being nipped in a tight rope radius 5 Bridon would recommend that the sheave sheave drum groove radii are checked prior to any rope installation e Repair or replace drum sheaves if necessary One line of broken wires running along the length of the e Check to see if the groove diameter is no greater than rope indicating insufficient support for the rope generally 15 greater than the nominal rop
63. d to a level such that discard criteria has been reached or is likely to be reached prior to normal expected life based on historical performance data Rope distortion is usually a result of mechanical damage and can significantly reduce rope strength 4 5 An authorised competent person must examine the rope in accordance with the appropriate Regulations 4 6 Donot carry out any inspection examination dressing lubrication adjustment or any other maintenance of the rope whilst it is Suspending a load unless otherwise stated in the OEM s instruction manual or other relevant documents Do not carry out any inspection or maintenance of the rope if the appliance controls are unattended unless the surrounding area has been isolated or sufficient warning signs have been posted within the immediate vicinity If the appliance controls are attended the authorised person must be able to communicate effectively with the driver or controller of the appliance during the inspection process 4 7 Never clean the wire rope without recognising the potential hazards associated with working on a moving rope Failure to pay attention or take adequate precaution could result in injury If cleaning by cloth waste the material can be snagged on damaged surfaces and or broken wires If cleaning by brush eye protectors must be worn If using fluids it should be recognised that some products are highly inflammable A respirator should be worn if clea
64. dentification Nn For a more general assessment of rope diameter use of the rope when carrying out subsequent periodic dad a rope calliper See Fig 1 statutory examinations in service Refer to statutory requirements 3 5 Examine the rope visually to ensure that no damage or obvious signs of deterioration have taken place 3 Handling and Installation j j during storage or transportation to the 3 1 Handling and installation of the rope should be installation site a en ese bis esac Ane 3 6 Check the working area around the equipment for any p y p p potential hazards which may affect the safe installation of the rope PAWARNING 3 7 Check the condition of the rope related equipment in Incorrectly supervised handling and installation accordance with the OEM s instructions procedures may result in serious injury to Include the following persons in the vicinity of the operation as well as Drum those persons directly involved in the handling and installation 3 2 Wear suitable protective clothing such as overalls industrial gloves helmet eye protectors and safety footwear and respirator particularly where the emission of fumes due to heat is likely Failure to wear suitable protective clothing and equipment may result in skin problems from over exposure to certain types of rope lubricants and dressings burns from sparks rope ends molten lubricants and metals when cutting ropes or preparing sockets for re use respir
65. ding block of all cable constructions including armour packages is high quality steel wire Bridon operates its own wire mill which specialises in the production of high quality galvanised wire to the most differentiated and exacting specifications As a specialist wire rope manufacturer Bridon has access to the widest range of cable manufacturing equipment and the expertise and flexibility to utilise these assets to best achieve your subsea cable requirements Cable Armouring Bridon is able to supply a range of steel armoured cables to meet the individual requirements for your application The combination of Bridon s expertise in high tensile wire manufacture cable armouring amp braiding technology together with our partner companies technical leadership in materials electrical amp optical cable manufacture has culminated in our high performance Thin Wall Technology armoured cables The resulting slim profile cables ensure minimum drag amp weight alongside the logistical benefits of larger winch drum capacity enabling with reduced drum size or utilisation of existing equipment for more extreme locations Please contact Bridon for your specific requirements Bridon s range of torsionally balanced wire rope constructions are available for use within subsea cables for weight elements in critical segments Specialist terminations and clamping arrangements can also be accommodated Due to the high fill factor providing the hi
66. ditions Failure to take adequate precautions could result select a rope with high bending fatigue resistance in injury Refer to Product Data Information and if in doubt ask for advice 5 4 Store discarded rope in a safe and secure location or compound and ensure that it is suitably marked to 6 3 Abrasion identify it as rope which has been removed from Wire rope which is subject to abrasion will become service and not to be used again progressively weaker as a result of Externally dragging it through overburden sand or PAWARNING other abrasive materials and passing around a Discarded rope can be a danger e g protruding sheave roller or drum broken wires excessive grease lubricant and rope mass to personnel and equipment if not handled correctly and safely during disposal Internally being loaded or bent 5 5 Record the date and reason for discard on the Abrasion weakens the rope by removing metal Certificate before filing for future reference from both the inner and outer wires Therefore a rope with large outer wires should normally 5 6 Pay attention to any Regulations affecting the safe be selected disposal of steel wire rope 6 Rope Selection Criteria 6 4 Vibration Ensure that the correct type of wire rope is selected for the equipment by referring to the OEM s instruction manual or other relevant documents If in doubt contact Bridon or Bridon s distributor for guidance 6 1 Rope Strength JAA
67. e Rope which is covered coated with a solid ploymer Solid Polymer Covered and Filled Rope Rope which is covered coated and filled with a solid polymer Rope Grade R A number corresponding to a wire tensile strength grade on which the minimum breaking force of a rope is calculated Note It does not imply that the actual tensile strength grades of the wires in a rope are necessarily the same as the rope grade Preformed Rope Stranded rope in which the wires in the strands and the strands in the rope have their internal stresses reduced resulting in a rope in which after removal of any serving the wires and the strands will not spring out of the rope formation Note Multi layer stranded ropes should be regarded as non preformed rope even though the strands may have been partially lightly preformed during the closing process Rope Class A grouping of rope constructions where the number of outer strands and the number of wires and how they are laid up are within defined limits resulting in ropes within the class having similar strength and rotational oroperties Rope Construction System which denotes the arrangement of the strands and wires within a rope e g 6x36WS 6x19S 18x7 34xK7 Note K denotes compacted strands Cable laid Rope An assembly of several usually six single layer stranded ropes referred to as unit ropes laid helically over a core usually a seventh single layer stranded rope Braided
68. e diameter caused by oversize sheave or drum grooving l 2 9 J e Repair or replace drum sheaves if necessary e Check for contact damage Short rope life resulting from evenly randomly distributed e Bending fatigue is accelerated as the load increases bend fatigue wire breaks caused by bending through the and as the bending radius decreases see page 34 reeving system Consider whether either factor can be improved Fatique induced wire breaks are characterised by flat e Check wire rope construction Dyform ropes are ends on the broken wires capable of doubling the bending fatigue life of a conventional steel wire rope Short rope life resulting from localised bend fatigue wire e Bending fatigue is accelerated as the load increases breaks and as the bending radius decreases see page 34 Consider whether either factor can be improved Fatique induced wire breaks are characterised by flat P ends on the broken wires e Check wire rope construction Dyform ropes are capable of doubling the bending fatigue life of a conventional steel wire rope e Localised fatigue breaks indicate continuous repetitive bends over a short length Consider whether it is economic to periodically shorten the rope in order to move the rope through the system and progressively expose fresh rope to the severe bending zone In order to facilitate this procedure it may be necessary to begin operating with a slightly longer length of rope Continued
69. e rope during installation On most operational rigs the travelling block is hung off in the derrick still attached to its guide dolly so the sheave alignment of both blocks will be good E The Draw works drum and it s flanges need to be inspected to make sure all grooves are in good condition and that they are still compatible with the drill line size Note The groove radius and pitch should be checked and measured prior to ordering the new line and the details advised to the rope supplier to ensure the rope supplied is Suitable for the system F The drum flanges wear and kick plates should be checked to ensure they are in good condition As damage and adverse wear to them can damage the drill line G The Travelling block must be hung off and secured to prevent movement whilst the new Drill line is being reeved If any component in the reeving configuration is worn or damaged to the extent where it might damage the adrill line then it should be repaired in situ or changed out prior to reeving the new drill line To leave it in this condition and continue operating will not only cause premature arill line discard but also constitute an unsafe working operation Steel Rope Technical Information Rope Installation Installation of the new drilling Line is usually undertaken by pulling it through the reeve up system with the old rope API 9B recommends that the two ropes be connected by means of what they call a
70. e small section the damaged area may be cut out and re spliced otherwise the rope should be discarded Check splices and tucks for evidence of movement or misalignment If in doubt cut off and re splice Rope installation and handling equipment Full guidelines for rope installation and operation are available on request from Bridon Pulleys and Sheaves The ratio between rope diameter and sheave diameter is critical to the safe usage of arope As a general guide a ratio of 8 1 minimum should be used for 8 strand 12 strand and Braidline Double Braid ropes and 12 1 minimum should be used for Superline ropes The groove of the pulley should be U shaped and the groove width 10 greater than the rope diameter The depth of the groove should be approximately half the rope diameter V shaped grooves should not be used as they tend to pinch and damage the rope by increasing friction and crushing the fibres Sheave surfaces should be smooth and free from burs Sheaves should be maintained regularly so that they are free to rotate at all times Sharp Bends Sharp bends around any piece of equipment should be avoided Where a static rope passes around any surface with a deflection of 10 degrees or more then the diameter of the surface should be a minimum of three times the rope diameter Any sharp bend in a rope under load will substantially decrease its strength and may cause premature damage or failure Eye Splices The length
71. e table are nominal values and should be used for guidance purposes only Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements 26 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products BRIDON SUPERLINE Diameter Circumference TT na MBL new dry MBL new wet 10 4 2 2 8 329 302 Nylon OCIMF 2000 3 s 80 Zio l 1462 1344 SUP 88 11 2 69 Se 39 1776 399 1626 366 33 4 96 2 301 6 6 1 4 1 2109 474 1942 437 41 8 104 13 326 7 7 0 4 7 2482 558 2216 511 43 3 ie 14 359 8 3 36 2884 648 2649 ove 43 4 120 15 377 0 oo 6 4 3316 745 3041 683 5 128 16 402 1 10 4 TO Se 849 3463 ies 53 s 136 Ie 427 3 Wie LS 4267 959 3914 880 5 s 144 18 452 4 19 2 09 4787 1076 4395 988 6 15 19 477 5 14 6 9 8 5337 1199 4905 102 6 4 160 20 502 eZ 109 SSIES 1332 5435 1221 6 s 168 21 52 8 S 120 6533 1468 5994 1347 67 s 176 22 SOG 198 13 3 7181 1614 6592 1482 714 184 23 SIA 222 14 9 7848 1764 7210 1620 We 192 24 603 2 24 1 102 8554 1923 7858 1766 Tlg 200 25 628 3 26 1 Wes 9290 2088 8525 1916 on 208 26 653 5 28 6 1 10055 2260 9231 2075 o 216 2m 678 6 30 5 20 5 10850 2438 9957 2238 87 8 224 28 TOST 320 21 8 11674 2624 10722 2410 9 e 232 2g 728 8 35 4 23 8 12537 2818 507 2586 Diameters shown in the above table are nominal values and should be used for guidance purposes only Figu
72. ear and associated wire breaks Excessive angle of fleet can result in severe wear of the rope due to scrubbing against adjacent laps on the drum Rope deterioration at the Termination may be exhibited in the form of broken wires An excessive angle of fleet can also induce rotation causing torsional imbalance Steel Rope Technical Information Troubleshooting Guide Typical examples of Wire Rope deterioration Mechanical damage due to rope movement over sharp edge projection whilst under load Localised wear due to abrasion on supporting structure Narrow path of wear resulting in fatigue fractures caused by working in a grossly oversize groove or over small support rollers Two parallel paths of broken wires indicative of bending through an undersize groove in the sheave Severe wear associated with high tread pressure Severe wear in Lang s Lay caused by abrasion Internal corrosion whilst external surface shows little evidence of deterioration Typical wire fractures as aresult of bend fatigue Wire fractures at the strand or core interface as distinct from crown fractures Break up of IWRC resulting from high stress application Looped wires as a result of torsional imbalance and or shock loading Typical example of localised wear and deformation Multi strand rope bird caged due to torsional im
73. eign matter and start the onset of corrosion before the rope is even put to work Support the reel on a simple A frame or cradle located on ground which is capable of supporting the total mass of rope and reel See Fig 2 Ensure that the rope is stored where it is not likely to be affected by chemical fumes steam or other corrosive agents Failure to do so may seriously affect its condition rendering it unfit for safe use 1 3 Examine ropes in storage periodically and when necessary apply a suitable dressing which is compatible with the manufacturing lubricant Contact the rope supplier Bridon or original equipment manufacturer s OEM manual for guidance on types of dressings available methods of application and equipment for the various types of ropes and applications Re wrap the rope unless it is obvious that this will be detrimental to rope preservation Refer to the relevant Product Data sheets on rope dressings for more detailed information Failure to apply the correct dressing may render the original manufacturing lubricant ineffective and rope performance may be significantly affected Ensure that the rope is stored and protected in such a manner that it will not be exposed to any accidental damage either during the storage period or when placing the rope in or taking it out of storage Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety Instructions 8 Warnings on the use of steel wire rope PAWARNIN
74. end with the load end i e turning the rope end for end before deterioration becomes excessive Remove broken wires as they occur by bending backwards and forwards using a pair of pliers until they break deep in the valley between two outer strands see Fig 15 Wear protective clothing such as overalls industrial gloves helmet eye protectors and safety footwear during this operation Do not shear off the ends of broken wires with pliers as this will leave an exposed jagged edge which is likely to damage other wires in the rope and lead to premature removal of the rope from service Failure to wear adequate protective clothing could result in injury BRIDON Oil and Gas 54 Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety Instructions 8 Warnings on the use of steel wire rope Note Broken wires are a normal feature of service more so towards the end of the rope s life resulting from bending fatigue and wear The local break up of wires may indicate some mechanical fault in the equipment Record the number and position in the rope of any removed broken wires 4 3 Do not operate an appliance if for any reason e g rope diameter certified breaking force rope construction length or strength and type of rope termination the wire rope and its termination is considered unsuitable for the required duty 4 4 Do not operate an appliance if the wire rope fitted has become distorted been damaged or has deteriorate
75. ents e g for safety designers manufacturers Suppliers specifiers and users need to keep themselves abreast of any changes to the appropriate Regulations and national standards 1 Storage 1 1 Unwrap the rope and examine the rope immediately after delivery to check its identification and condition and verify that it is in accordance with the details on the Certificates and or other relevant documents Note The rope should not be used for lifting purposes without the user having a valid Certificate in his possession Check the rope diameter and examine any rope terminations to ensure that they are compatible with the equipment or machinery to which they are to be fitted See Fig 1 Fig 1 1 2 Select a clean well ventilated dry undercover location Cover with waterproof material if the delivery site conditions preclude inside storage Rotate the reel periodically during long periods of storage particularly in warm environments to prevent migration of the lubricant from the rope Never store wire rope in areas subject to elevated temperatures as this may seriously affect its future performance In extreme cases its original as manufactured strength may be severely reduced rendering it unfit for safe use BRIDON Oil and Gas Ensure that the rope does not make any direct contact with the floor and that there is a flow of air under the reel Failure to do so may result in the rope becoming contaminated with for
76. erable It will occur when a new rope is first used or when a rope is subject to an unusually high load It occurs as a result of the individual fibre components of the rope bedding in to their preferred positions Continuous loading of some ropes can also lead to further permanent extension due to creep at the molecular level Components of Rope Extension Permanent Visco elastic BRIDON Oil and Gas A variety of Load Extension graphs to suit your specific load case are available for the Fibre Products in this brochure Please contact Bridon for further details Tensile Strength Strengths are determined on new ropes under laboratory conditions according to Bridons QA25 quality procedures Ropes can be supplied and tested to a number of international quality standards including EN 919 US Mil Specifications and Cordage Institute specifications Weight Rope mass is determined by weighing a rope sample that has been measured at a reference load For most ropes this is calculated as Reference Load kg D 8 Where D Rope diameter mm Care in use Storage Ropes should be stored where possible under suitable cover The area should be clean dry and cool out of direct sunlight Rope should be stored off the ground to allow adequate ventilation and away from metal walls or steam pipes Never store rope on concrete or dirty floors or drag over rough ground dirt and grit picked up by the rope can work into
77. ere any of these ropes are used in multi part reeving the use of an anti friction swivel at the outboard anchor point is not recommended However a swivel which can be locked may be useful when optimising the reeving following rope installation or after subsequent changes to the reeving arrangement It should be noted that if a swivel is used in conjunction with these ropes the bending fatigue life may be reduced due to increased internal deterioration between the outer strands and the underlying layer Group 3 Rotation resistant ropes Lang s and Ordinary Regular lay Endurance 18 Endurance Dyform 18 Endurance 18PI The ropes in this group are designed to have extremely low levels of rotation when loaded and if necessary may operate with a swivel in both single and multi part reeving systems Any induced rotation which might normally result from any fleet angle or loads cycle effect would be expected to be relieved when the rope is used with a swivel Testing has also shown that when used with a swivel at normal design factor of 5 and zero fleet angle no reduction in either rope breaking force or bending fatigue life would be expected Group 4 Low rotation ropes Endurance 3515 Hydra 5500 Hydra 7500 Dyform Endurance Dyform 34LR Hydra 5500 Dyform Endurance Dyform 34LR Pl 36 BRIDON Oil and Gas Steel Rope Technical Information Fleet Angle Of all the factors which have some influence on the winding of a rope on a smoot
78. ew rope to adjust itself gradually to working conditions Fig 12 9 Note Unless otherwise required by a certifying authority the rope When multi layer coiling has to be used it should be should be in this condition before any proof test of the equipment or realised that after the first layer is wound on a drum machinery is carried out the rope has to cross the underlying rope in order to Check that the new rope is spooling correctly on the advance across the drum in the second layer The p p 9 y oe 3 15 BRIDON Oil and Gas points at which the turns in the upper layer cross those of the lower layer are known as the cross over points and the rope in these areas is susceptible to increased abrasion and crushing Care should be taken when installing a rope on a drum and when operating a machine to ensure that the rope is coiled and layered correctly Check the state of re usable rope end terminations for size strength defects and cleanliness before use Non destructive testing may be required depending on the material and circumstances of use Ensure that drum and that no slack or cross laps develop If necessary apply as much tension as possible to ensure tight and even coiling especially on the first layer Where multi layer coiling is unavoidable succeeding layers should coil evenly on the preceding layers of rope Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety instructions amp Warnings on the use of steel
79. f strands laid over a centre the direction of lay of the outer strands being opposite i e contra lay to that of the underlying layer of strands Low Rotation Rope Rotation resistant rope having at least fifteen outer strands and comprising an assembly of at least three layers of strands laid over a centre in two operations Note this category of rotation resistant rope is constructed in such a manner that it displays little or no tendency to rotate or if guided generates little or no torque when loaded Compacted Strand Rope Rope in which the outer strands prior to closing of the rope are subjected to a compacting process such as drawing rolling or swaging Note Bridon s products containing compacted strands are identified by Dyform Steel Rope Technical Information Rope Terminology Compacted Rope Rope which is subjected to a compacting process after closing thus reducing its diameter Solid Polymer Filled Rope Rope in which the free internal spaces are filled with a solid polymer The polymer extends to or slightly beyond the outer circumference of the rope Cushioned Rope Stranded rope in which the inner layers inner strands or core strands are covered with solid polymers or fibres to form a cushion between adjacent strands or layers of strands Cushion Core Rope Stranded rope in which the core is covered coated or filled and covered coated with a solid polymer Solid Polymer Covered Rop
80. for the rope to correctly spool secondly the rope must be installed on the winch under tension to prevent crushing and deformation of the rope as subsequent layers are spooled on the winch and to prevent the cutting through of subsequent layers in to the lower layers Cutting through of rope will not only result in damage to the rope but also in extreme cases could result in rope failure Before disconnecting the end of the rope from the supply reel ensure that the reel is secure and prevented from rotating whilst undertaking this operation Care must be taken as a sudden and unexpected movement of the rope may take place when the rope end is released With the end free it can be connected securely to the pull in rope in a chosen manner that is capable of sustaining the installation tensions as the rope moves through the system This connection must be carefully observed as it moves towards the drum ensuring it does not become caught or obstructed whilst passing through the system It is Bridon s recommendation that the rope be fully trained prior to being subjected to a service or test load See item 7 particularly when the rope is new as the rope will always be most vulnerable to damage from high loads when in its new condition Failure to fully train the rope may result in subsequent damage in use 6 0 Cutting of rope or preparing of rope ends Cutting of the rope can be necessary for socketing re socketing and or remo
81. ge an outer wire size as possible bearing in mind the other conditions e g bending and abrasion under The size and number of sheaves in the system will which the rope will be operating influence the performance of the rope 6 2 Bending fatigue 56 BRIDON Oil and Gas Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety Instructions 8 Warnings on the use of steel wire rope 6 7 Cabling 6 8 6 9 Cabling of rope reeving due to block rotation can occur if the rope is incorrectly selected see Fig 16 Applications involving high lifts are particularly vulnerable to this condition therefore ropes specifically designed to resist rotation need to be selected Corrective procedure for cabling where the rope length involved is relatively short may be simply to disconnect both ends of the rope and pull the rope out straight along the ground This will allow any build up of turn in the rope to be released before the rope is re installed on the crane If cabling persists or the rope length involved is relatively long it may be necessary to correct by releasing or correct by releasing or inducing turn at the outboard anchorage If left hand cabling is produced in the reeving system correction is usually achieved on the right hand lay ropes see Fig 16 by releasing turn at the anchorage Effort must be made to work released or induced turn throughout the working length of rope by operating the crane at maximu
82. ghest weight to diameter ratio spiral strand constructions offer the most appropriate physical properties for this application 08 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products Page Page Dyform DB2K 10 at ou 19 yform Endurance Dyform Diamond Blue 11 a 34LR amp 34LRPI 20 Blue Strand 6x19 Class to API steel core 12 2 Metric amp Imperial Blue Strand 6x36 Class steel core 13 Spiral Strand 22 Metric amp Imperial bet lla 14 Superline Polyester 24 6x19 Class for Drilling Lines Dyform Bristar 6x37 Class for Riser 15 Tensioner Lines Superline Polyester MODU 25 LA 16 Superline Steelite Kcel 25 Hydra 7300 Dyform 17 fica ee k 26 Hydra 5300 Dyform 18 Superline Nylon OCIMF 2000 27 Hydra 5500 18 BRIDON Oil and Gas 09 Products DYFORM DB2K 4a ne Approximate mass Torque generated 20 load j Rope Minimum breaking Axial stiffness eg diameter force Fmin 20 load Submerged Ordinary lay section CA CN ABA NGA Kd A KANA NA AA DATA NGA KE 122S Eo E7 7226 146 1195 Ho 21 8 Be TS en eo LINK PS GA sa 157 7 1338 12234 56 WAZ 854 24 O 312 169 38 20 1492 120 m22 Die Au eye OOO styl ese 2s 326 176 40 22 1590 1696 2 63 60 63 TmT iio 42 T 953 30 Ta 358 194 44 25 139 1866 2 89 60 3 23 8 loo ele Seno NG 2 362 196 44 25 1863 1805 2E2 63 5 21 2 Wee 23 eS OL ese Sie 401 27 49 3 0 2115 2090 m3 24 64 196 125 164 10 8 3629 370 408 221 50 20 2227 2123 m ore 66 7 25 s 202 135 7S TTNG 3042 402 44
83. h drum the fleet angle arguably has the greatest effect Fleet angle is usually defined as the included angle between two lines one which extends from a fixed sheave to the flange of a drum and the other which extends from the same fixed sheave to the drum in a line perpendicular to the axis of the drum See illustration Illustration of Fleet Angle Fleet angle Sheave _ pad Pd Pd _ Pd Pd Pd _ aaan P _ Drum If the drum incorporates helical grooving the helix angle of the groove needs to be added or subtracted from the fleet angle as described above to determine the actual fleet angle experienced by the rope At the drum When spooling rope onto a drum it is generally recommended that the fleet angle is limited to between 0 5 and 2 5 If the fleet angle is too small i e less than 0 5 the rope will tend to pile up at the drum flange and fail to return across the drum In this situation the problem may be alleviated by introducing a kicker device or by increasing the fleet angle through the introduction of a sheave or spooling mechanism If the rope is allowed to pile up it will eventually roll away from the flange creating a shock load in both the rope and the structure of the mechanism an undesirable and unsafe operating condition Excessively high fleet angles will return the rope across the drum prematurely creating gaps between wraps of rope close to the flanges as well a
84. h your requirements 22 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products Long Term Mooring Sockets Closed Socket Closed Socket Overall termination length mm Pad eye Estimated Required connecting steel work SWL terminations weight dimensions mm Socket Orkot Lug Width inc bore bore width orkot B C D E kN Tonnes 4072 1870 iSS 136 ez 15S 17 205 160 139 4700 2010 172 146 141 161 17 255 166 145 5647 2060 182 156 145 166 17 290 171 155 6550 2105 191 162 160 181 25 335 186 161 7938 2150 205 176 177 198 25 400 203 175 8930 2195 211 161 182 203 25 490 208 180 10266 2240 225 191 202 229 9 630 230 190 11427 2290 239 201 212 209 35 790 240 200 127745 2340 250 216 Zem 248 35 925 299 215 14362 2395 260 226 297 290 35 1025 265 225 15722 2465 215 241 252 2R 35 1170 280 240 ara 2580 285 25l 267 288 35 1510 295 250 19180 2595 295 261 201 296 55 1470 305 260 20469 2670 310 216 292 313 35 1810 320 275 22070 215 315 281 302 329 oS 1945 330 280 23835 2810 325 291 622 333 35 2095 340 290 Open Socket Overall termination Orkot Jaw Jaw gap Pad eye Estimated Required connecting steel work length mm outer gap inc orkot SWL terminations weight dimensions mm B C D E i Tonnes Max link width 4072 1820 139 159 160 132 17 250 132 155 4700 1950 145 172 166 141 17 305 141 2 5647 2005 155 182 al 145 17 350 145 182 6550 2055 161 191 186 160 25 405 160 191 7938 2108 175 205 203 197 25 470 177 205 8930 2161 180 211 206 182 25 580 182 2il
85. halation of fumes generated by heat for example when the rope is being cut by a disc cutter Steel Rope Technical Information Material Safety Data Under these conditions natural fibres are likely to yield carbon dioxide water and ash whereas synthetic materials are likely to yield toxic fumes The treatment of natural fibres such as rotproofing may also produce toxic fumes on burning The concentrations of toxic fumes from the cores however will be almost negligible compared with the products generated by heating from the other primary materials e g wire and manufacturing lubricant in the rope The most common synthetic core material is polypropylene although other polymers such as polyethylene and nylon may occasionally be used Filling and Covering Materials Filling and covering materials do not present a health hazard during handling of the rope in its as supplied condition The principal area of hazard is by the inhalation of fumes generated by heat for example when the rope is being cut by a disc cutter Under these conditions fillings and coverings which are generally polypropylene polyethylene and polyamid but in some cases may be of natural fibre are likely to produce toxic fumes General Information Occupational protective measures 1 Respiratory protection Use general and local exhaust ventilation to keep airborne dust or fumes below established occupational exposure standards OES s Oper
86. ia 1 8 x 52mm 0 936mm To calculate the torque generated in a particular rope when subjected to a tensile load multiply the load by the torque value and conbine the units Example For 20mm dia Hydra 7500 Dyform Lang s Lay at 496kN Torque generated torque value x load 0 936 x 496 464Nm BRIDON Oil and Gas 37 38 steel Rope Technical Information Rope Torque The torsional characteristics of wire rope will have the effect of causing angular displacement of a sheave block when used in multi fall reeving arrangements The formula below gives a good approximation under such arrangements S2 4000L Tv sin 0 Where S is the rope spacing in mm L is the length of each part in the reeving Ty is the torque value of the rope 0 is the angular displacement of the sheave block When the angular displacement of the sheave block exceeds 90 sin 9 1 torsional instability results and cabling of the reeving will occur Therefore the test for stability of any particular reeving can be expressed as S gt 4 000 L T Where S is the rope spacing in mm L is length of each part in metres Ty is torque value in mm The preceding equations are all relative to a simple two part reeving For more complex systems a similar approach may be used if account is taken of the different spacings of the ropes Even Number of Falls Rope Plan Effective Rope 2 Fall peeing 46 3 L 4 Fall v x
87. ible to make a reasonable estimate of elastic extension but if greater accuracy is required it is advisable to carry out a modulus test on an actual sample of the rope Elastic Extension mm W load applied kN L rope length m EA axial stiffness MN Phase 3 Permanent Extension The permanent non elastic extension of the steel caused by tensile loads exceeding the yield point of the material If the load exceeds the Limit of Proportionality the rate of extension will accelerate as the load is increased until a loading is reached at which continuous extension will commence causing the wire rope to fracture without any further increase of load Thermal Expansion and Contraction The coefficient of linear expansion of steel wire rope is 0 0000125 12 5 x10 per C and therefore the change in length of 1 metre of rope produced by a temperature change of t C would be Change in length Al lt where a coefficient of linear expansion original length of rope m t temperature change C The change will be an increase in length if the temperature rises and a decrease in length if the temperature falls Extension due to Rotation The elongation caused by a free rope end being allowed to rotate Extension due to Wear The elongation due to inter wire wear which reduces the cross sectional area of steel and produces extra constructional extension Example What will be the total elonga
88. ih E ri X Y2 Note For hoisting arrangements in which the rope falls are not parallel an average rope spacing should be used Uneven Number of Falls Rope Termination at Bottom Block Rope Plan 3 Fall 0 0 Kara Effective Rope Spacing and modified formula for stable condition Effective Rope Spacing S Stable condition if S gt 6 000 L Ty BRIDON Oil and Gas Angular displacement of block To predict the amount of angular displacement by which a sheave block may turn under the influence of rope torque sin 0 4 000 L T S2 for even number of falls The equations assume that rope is torque free in the no load condition therefore induced torque during or immediately after installation will adversely influence the calculated effect The above data assumes a constant torque value which is a valid assumption for a new rope Wear and usage can have a significant effect on the torque value but practical work shows that under such circumstances the torque value will diminish thus improving the stability of the arrangement Some arrangements may be of such complexity that the evaluation demands a computer study Examples Assuming a pedestal crane working on two falls is roped with 52mm diameter Hydra 7500 Dyform and the bottom block carries a sheave of 936mm diameter with the falls parallel Torque value 1 8 x 52 0 936mm If the rope is new worst condition and no account is taken of
89. il and Gas Products ieii Fits ae Blue Strand 6x36 Class steel core Metric atl A Minimum breaking force Fmin Axial generated Metallic stiffness 20 load cross diameter 20 load i section kg m Ib ft kN Tonnes 2000 kN JTonnes 2000 kN Tonnes 2000 Ibs ft in Ibs Ibs Ibs 69 16 537 396 664 38 Ol O GE a SU O10 aO Ss eae 25 1 03 40 6 54 439 1010 1038 1138 2 114 126 1230 25 ag ae ie 627 462 736 1 14 44 OZ 32220 DAN Sg B50 138 aa es 1490 a Na ass 93 21 632 MES gg 38 48 9 42 633 1450 148 163 1610 164 181 1770 180 199 110 25 1082 798 1060 1 64 52 TEN TAAT 700 PAS NI TNI DS Tala 2080 2A 2AA 29 1376 1015 1244 1 93 56 Iza GU 1880202705 NUN 223 2462410 246 271 150 34 1717 1266 1443 2 24 60 IAW Shiels 72210 zal 2s 0 eo oy TO eye 81 172 ee alle sss Sa 2 Torque Minimum breaking force Fmin Axial generated Metallic stiffness 20 load cross 20 load section Fin Poe an Foe om oma wa awa vo an mra wa 69 16 539 397 668 416 78807897 T989 NYI 108 eS Os M 25 1 04 488 1020 104 115 1170 119 1381 1300 133 146 82 18 676 499 784 1 21 566 S180 1205 ese isso 139 Silos T6005 M69 gs 2j 846 624 909 1 41 6 49 1350 1388 152 1550 158 174 1710 174 7192 108 24 10383 762 1042 1 62 KING SO 172 1 60 lo a I 25 28 1252 923 1187 1 84 935 1910 195 215 2200 224 247 2420 247 272 156 So 7 00299 IR 116 2900 301331 193 43 2623 1934 1855 2 88 128 3240 330 364 213 48 3026 2231 2046 3 17 14 0 35380 360 397 234 53 3454 2547 22
90. ip as close to the cut mark as practically possible Do not use solder to secure the servings Note Note 5 2 5 3 Ensure that the sample is kept straight throughout the whole procedure and ensure that the minimum sample length is 4 metres for ropes up to and including 76mm diameter and 8 metres for larger diameter ropes The rope should be cut with a high speed abrasive disc cutter or an oxyacetylene torch Weld the rope ends of the sample as described in section 3 12 after which the clamp or grip can be removed The identification of the rope must be established and the sample suitably marked and packed It is recommended that the 3 metre sample is retained straight and secured to a wood batten for transportation For a 12 metre sample coil to a diameter as large as practically possible and never less than 2 metres Samples taken for destruction testing are required to be terminated in accordance with a recognised resin socketing standard e g BS EN 13411 4 Failure to comply with these procedures will result in measured breaking force values which are not truly representative of the actual strength of the rope Wire Rope Discard Discard the wire rope in accordance with current Regulations and in accordance with the OEM s instruction manual The authorised competent person should also be familiar with the latest versions of International Standard ISO 4309 Cranes wire ropes Code of practice for examina
91. it will contain a build up of torque this is of no concern whilst the rope remains under tension If the tension in the rope is released either during a re spooling operation or as part of the operation the torque in the rope will be released resulting in twisting and screwing up of the rope For this reason it is particularly important to maintain rope tension between a traction winch and storage drum at all times 8 0 Rope maintenance during service During normal deployment operation it is typically unavoidable that tension in the lower layers of rope will be reduced resulting in these layers of rope becoming softer and more susceptible to crushing damage It is therefore advisable that when an opportunity arises and particularly before the rope is subjected to significantly high loadings that the rope is all run off the winch drum as per the training exercise mentioned earlier to re tension the rope During service a record should be maintained of the operations conducted confirming the length of rope deployed load applied etc and if any changes in the ropes condition lay extension rotation spooling pattern etc occurs During service the rope may be sprayed with a light oil to maintain the rope in good condition but having been operating sub sea it is considered almost impossible to remove all the salt water from the rope during operation If the rope is to be stored during use for a long period additional efforts of washing
92. ithin published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 15 Products 0 4 Sy BO TOA oF ABIASA saw Ogg ae SEM d NIKA Hind Vase PA PA P e ome Oe are ALATAH R7 PRA KRS RA ORLA PAL AR KK pal as Hy pt he ys ae a ere Tak a peg rat aP ne lt q as 68 AS Os aes ated s 406 R anes Doto 0 6 Hydra 7500 DYFORM i Torque generated Rope SPPE ANG Minimum breaking force Axial stiffness 20 load Metallic diamete 20 li r onar O VEEL Fmin 20 load cross section Tons om n Tonnes 20001bs 50 8 2 129 6 7 le 7 5 2367 241 206 148 33 433 319 1500 2G JZ la Ji eS Go 2480 293 219 156 35 464 342 hoy 2 4 54 2 s 14 6 oe Wt 8 5 AES Zi 300 168 38 520 383 1695 26 SENS 2 4 16 3 11 0 14 2 SHO 2945 300 331 188 42 606 447 1898 29 60 18 0 NI Ia 10 5 3246 Sol 365 207 47 701 ST 2092 a2 62 192 129 16 7 itl 3466 353 389 22i 50 774 570 2234 39 63 5 eae 20 2 ja gt Wis 11 8 3635 371 408 232 SZ 831 613 2344 3 6 66 216 14 6 199 aT 3927 400 441 251 56 933 688 2532 3 9 68 2o lS a 201 I3 4169 425 468 266 60 1021 753 2687 4 2 69 9 2n 24 4 16 4 213 14 3 4357 444 489 281 63 1096 809 2840 4 4 70 24 5 165 elo 14 3 4370 445 491 282 63 1101 812 2848 4 4 72 259 17 4 220 I2 4623 471 519 298 67 MA
93. kets and Connection Hardware a The high tensile steel wire solutions are terminated j if h TEIN utilising the Long Term Mooring LTM Sockets which e kad l have been developed by Bridon over 30 years of klang E involvement in this application Key features include l he A e Carefully engineered basket dimensions to ensure hoy efficient transfer of loads between rope ph d and termination e Ultra deepwater rated sealing to prevent water ingress e Bend limiter to prevent damage to the cable at the socket neck during handling and in operation e Precision design interfaces to support lifetime fatigue loading See page 23 BRIDON Oil and Gas 05 Product Selection Drilling Operations Drilling Lines Drilling lines present a tough application for wire rope repetitive high load bending over sheaves requiring a flexible solution with exceptional bend fatigue properties and resistance to wear amp abrasion Blue Strand API 9A Standard 6x19 Class Conventional tried amp tested lines in regular sizes and tensile grades See page 12 Drilling lines typically utilise Dyform Bristar 6 constructions which offers protection for the core and improved abrasion resistance on draw works greater cross sectional stability and excellent fatigue capabilities See page 14 amp 15 Riser Tensioner Lines Riser Tensioner Lines present a tough application for wire rope repetitive high load bending
94. king force Fe min Specified value in kN below which the measured aggregate breaking force is not allowed to fall in a prescribed test and for ropes having a grade obtained from the product of the square of the nominal rope diameter d the metallic cross sectional area factor C and the rope grade Rr Norminal length mass The nominal mass values are for the fully lubricated ropes Rope torque Value usually expressed in N m resulting from either test or calculation relating to the torque generated when both ends of the rope are fixed and the rope is subjected to tensile loading Rope turn Value usually expressed in degrees per metre resulting from either test or calculation relating to the amount of rotation when one end of the rope is free to rotate and the rope is subjected to tensile loading Initial extension Amount of extension which is attributed to the initial bedding down of the wires within the strands and the strands within the rope due to tensile loading Note This is sometimes referred to as constructional stretch Elastic extension Amount of extension which follows Hooke s Law within certain limits due to application of a tensile load Permanent rope extension Non elastic extension Conversion Factors S I Units Foree aga 1 kN 0 101 972 Mp 1 UKtonf 9964 02N 1N 0 101 972 kof 1 lbf 4 448 22N 1 kof 9 806 65 N 1 Ibf 0 453 592 kgf 1 kgf 1 kp 1 UKtonf 1 01605 tonne 1N 1 003 6
95. l frequently guide the observer to this condition Confirmation can only be made by opening the rope with clamps or the correct use of spike and needle to facilitate internal inspection Note Non destructive testing NDT using electromagnetic means may also be used to detect broken wires and or loss in metallic area This method complements the visual examination but does not replace it Pictures courtesy of S M R E Crown Copyright 1966 BRIDON Oil and Gas Some of the More Common Types of Wire Fractures Can Include Corrosion fatigue Severed by wear Sheared end Plastic Martensite wear Factors Affecting Rope Performance Multi coiling of the rope on the drum can result in severe distortion in the underlying layers Bad coiling due to excessive fleet angles or slack winding can result in mechanical damage shown as severe crushing and may cause shock loading during operation Small diameter sheaves can result in permanent set of the rope and will certainly lead to early wire breaks due to fatigue Oversize grooves offer insufficient support to the rope leading to increased localised pressure flattening of the rope and premature wire fractures Grooves are deemed to be oversize when the groove diameter exceeds the nominal rope diameter by more than 15 steel 20 polyurethane liners Undersize grooves in sheaves will crush and deform the rope often leading to two clear patterns of w
96. length of rope over a sheave while the rope is under a constant tension and as part of its ongoing development programme Bridon has tested literally thousands of ropes in this manner over the years on its in house own design bend testing equipment Through this work Bridon has been able to compare the effects of rope construction tensile strength lay direction sheave size groove profile and tensile loading on bend fatigue performance under ideal operating conditions At the same time it has been possible to compare rope life to discard criteria e g as laid down in ISO 4309 with that to complete failure of the rope i e to the point where the rope has been unable to sustain the load any longer As part of the exercise it has also been possible to establish the residual breaking strength of the rope at discard level of deterioration Effects of D d Ratio and loading on fatigue life Typical example Dyform 6 5 MBL 10 MBL 20 MBL 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 Sheave D d ratio What needs to be recognised however is that very few ropes operate under these controlled operating conditions making it very difficult to use this base information when attempting to predict rope life under other conditions Other influencing factors such as dynamic loading differential loads in the cycle fleet angle reeving arrangement type of coiling on the drum change in rope direction sheave alignment sheave size and groo
97. lting in cabling of Release the rope falls oe e Review installation procedure See pages 46 53 or operating procedures Possibly due to induced p Jp turn during installation or operation 1 5 turns L H cable p RIGHT HAND LAY ROPE 44 BRIDON Oil and Gas Steel Rope Technical Information Troubleshooting Guide Core protrusion or broken core in single layer six or eight strand rope Rope accumulating or stacking at drum flange due to insufficient fleet angle Sunken wraps of rope on the drum normally associated with insufficient support from lower layers of rope or grooving Short rope life induced by excessive wear and abrasion External corrosion e Caused by repetitive shock loading review operating conditions e Review drum design with original equipment manufacturer consider adding rope kicker fleeting sheave etc e Check correct rope diameter elf grooved drum check groove pitch e Check tension on underlying layers Bridon recommend an installation tension of between 2 and 10 of the minimum breaking force of the wire rope Care should be taken to ensure that tension is retained in service Insufficient tension will result in these lower layers being more prone to crushing damage e Make sure that the correct rope length is being used Too much rope which may not be necessary may aggravate the problem e Check fleet angle to drum e Check general alignme
98. lting out sockets which have previously important particularly when using plain barrel drums oe ie been filled with hot metal the emission of toxic and should be related to the direction of lay of the ae 4 a fumes is likely Note that white metal contains a rope in order to induce close coiling A high proportion of lead See Fig 12 for proper method of locating rope anchorage point on a plain drum Correctly locate and secure any connection pins and fittings when assembling end terminations to fixtures Proper method of locating rope anchorage point Refer to manufacturer s instructions on a plain drum RIGHT HAND PAWARNING O O O P Failure to pay attention to any of the above could result in unsafe operation and START ROPE potential injury AT LEFT FLANGE RIGHT RIGHT HAND LAY ROPE OVERWIND 3 16 Limit switches if fitted must be checked and re adjusted if necessary after the rope has been installed LEFT HAND S LAY ROPE 3 17 Record the following details on the Certificate after UNDERWIND installation has been completed type of equipment location plant reference number duty and date of LEFT installation and any re rating information signature of b pene competent person Then safely file the Certificate ia 3 18 Run in the new rope by operating the equipment Note Thumb indicates side of rope anchorage slowly preferably with a low load for several cycles This permits the n
99. m height of lift with a light load It may be necessary to repeat the process until the cabling has been corrected For right hand cable it will normally be necessary to induce turn at the anchorage Remedy Release 3 turns 1 5 turns L H cable T RIGHT HAND LAY ROPE Fig 16 Fixing of Rope Ends Ropes which have high rotation characteristics such as single layer Lang s lay rope and parallel closed rope e g DSC must not be selected unless both ends of the rope are fixed or the load is guided and unable to rotate Connecting Ropes In the event that it is necessary to connect one rope to another in series it is essential that they have the required strength are of the same type and both have the same lay direction i e connect right lay to right lay Failure to heed this warning could result in catastrophic failure particularly at a termination which is capable of being pulled apart i e splice due to unlaying 6 10 Rope Length Rope length and or difference in length between two or more ropes used in a set may be a critical factor and must be considered along with rope selection 6 12 Wire rope will elongate under load Other factors such as temperature rope rotation and internal wear will also have an effect These factors should also be considered during rope selection Preformed and Non preformed Ropes Single layer round strand rope is normally supplied preformed However if a non p
100. may be necessary to Note 1 A swivel should not be used when installing a rope incorporate a swivel in the reeving system however it should be recognised that excessive rotation could have an adverse effect on rope performance depending on the rope s rotational characteristics Note 2 Further guidance on the use of swivels with six strand and rotation resistant ropes is given in ISO 4308 Cranes and lifting appliances selection of wire ropes part 1 General To assist the machinery designer or user in determining whether or not a swivel should be used in a lifting system the following guidance taking into account the rope type Note 3 Swivels have varying degrees of efficiency and may be either an independent accessory or an integral part of a lifting accessory such as a crane hook Both sets of ropes in this group have high values of rotation when loaded and must not be used unless both ends of the rope are fixed and prevented from rotating however they must NOT be used with a swivel under any circumstances DO NOT USE A SWIVEL Group 1a Single layer ropes Group 1b Parallel closed ropes Lang s lay Lang s and Ordinary Regular lay Blue Strand 6x19 Lang s lay Endurance DSC 8 Blue Strand 6x36 Lang s lay Endurance Dyform DSC 8 Endurance Bristar 6 Lang s lay Endurance Dyform Bristar 6 Lang s lay Endurance 8 Lang s lay Endurance 8PI Lang s lay Endurance Dyform 8 Lang s lay Endurance Dyform 8PI Lang s lay
101. mum breaking force Rope standard Supply package Rope terminations Inner end Outer end Third party authority if required Identification markings Useful additional information Equipment manufacturer Drum details Grooved If Yes Pitch of grooving 20 Spooling Number of wraps per layer Number of layers Boom luffing rope 22mm 2 to 4 245 metres 0 to 2 Dyform 6x36ws IWRC Independent wire rope core 1960N mm2 B Drawn galvanised ZZ Right hand Lang s Lubricated internally externally dry 398kN 40 6tonnes BS EN 12385 4 2004 Wood compartment reel DIN 3091 solid thimble with 43mm pin hole Fused and tapered Lloyd s Register Part number XL709 4567 J Bloggs Model XYZ crawler crane Yes or No Helical or Lebus 23 10mm 32 Approximately 3 1 2 BRIDON Oil and Gas 69 70 services amp Training BRIDON INTERNATIONAL SERVICES Bridon International Services employ some of the most highly trained professionals in the industry Our understanding of and expertise in dealing with all manner of issues related to wire and fibre ropes has enabled us to develop a wide portfolio of cost effective services which are enjoyed by Bridon customers world wide 24 hours a day 365 days a year our engineers and technicians are dispatched across the globe to provide expert assistance and solutions no matter what the problem or wherever the loc
102. n is applied all ropes will rotate or generate a torque if prevented from rotating Degree of rotation or torque will depend upon the rope construction and the loading profile to which the rope is subjected These rope constructions having 16 strands in the outer most layer helically spun in the opposite direction to the core produce excellent rotational balance the outer strands wanting to rotate in the opposite direction to the core As ropes are helically spun they will elongate stretch when subjected to an axial load the extension can be considered in two parts Firstly the permanent constructional extension which results from the individual wires bedding down within the rope a significant amount of which takes place during the rope s first few loading cycles Secondly once bedded with constructional extension stabilised the rope behaves elastically with the stretch being calculated using the rope modulus E as shown in the table based on the metallic cross section of the rope BRIDON Oil and Gas The reel should be supported to allow easy rotation and a provision made for a braking system to prevent over run of the rope It is preferable that the support stand be motorised to allow the rope to be re spooled on to the supply reel if required The cradle should be removed from the reel before being placed in the installation stand or spooler The direction of spooling should be considered prior to loading into the s
103. n the design manufacture and subsequent use of wire and fibre ropes Our courses never stand still and are directly relevant to current legislation improved technology and the competitive trading conditions of today s markets In an increasingly competitive world costs must be continually reduced without compromising safety There is no better way to prepare for this challenge than through a Bridon training course For further information on training courses including practical workshop based wire rope splicing and socketing courses any of which can be fine tuned to suit your individual needs please contact BRIDON BRIDON Sales Offices UNITED KINGDOM Doncaster Balby Carr Bank Doncaster South Yorkshire DN4 5JQ United Kingdom sales bridon com Phone 44 0 1302 565100 Fax 44 0 1302 565190 UNITED STATES Bridon American C280 New Commerce Blvd Wilkes Barre PA 18706 USA marketing bridonamerican com Phone 1 800 521 5555 Fax 1 800 233 8362 GERMANY Bridon International GmbH Magdeburger Stra e 14a D 45881 Gelsenkirchen Germany info bridon de Phone 49 0 209 80010 Fax 49 0 209 8001 275 RUSSIA Bridon International Moscow lvovaya Street 2 8 Building 1 Office 215 129329 Moscow Russia info bridon ru Phone 7 495 1808001 Fax 7 495 1809231 INDONESIA PT Bridon Graha Inti Fauzi 2nd Floor Jl Buncit Raya No 22 Jakarta 12510 bridon cbn net id Phone 62 021 79
104. nations to fixtures refer to 3 15 Damage to or removal of component parts mechanical or structural caused by abnormal contact with wire rope can be hazardous to the safety of the appliance and or the performance of the rope e g damage to the drum grooving such that coiling is erratic and or the rope is pulled down into underlying layers which might cause a dangerous condition or alternatively cause localised rope damage at cross over positions which might then radically affect performance loss removal of wear plates protecting the structure leading to major structural damage by cutting and or failure of the wire rope due to mechanical severance Following any periodic statutory examination or routine or special inspection where any corrective action is taken the Certificate should be updated and a record made of the defects found the extent of the changes and the condition of the rope Apply the following procedures for the selection and preparation of samples from new and used lengths of rope for the purpose of examination and testing to destruction Check that the rope end from which the sample will be taken is secured by welding or brazing If not select the sample length further away from the rope end and prepare new servings see 3 12 Handle the rope in accordance with the instructions given in section 3 Serve the rope using the buried wire technique see Fig 10 and apply a rope clamp or gr
105. nces The Initial Extension of any rope cannot be accurately determined by calculation and has no elastic properties The practical value of this characteristic depends upon many factors the most important being the type and construction of rope the range of loads and the number and frequency of the cycles of operation It is not possible to quote exact values for the various constructions of rope in use but the following approximate values may be employed to give reasonably accurate results Fibre Core Steel Core Lightly loaded 0 25 0 125 Factor of safety about 8 1 Normally loaded 0 50 One Factor of safety about 5 1 Heavily loaded 0 75 0 50 Factor of safety about 3 1 Heavily loaded Ueto 007 Wrote 100 with many bends and or deflections The above figures are for guidance purposes More precise figures are available upon request Phase 2 Elastic Extension Following Phase 1 the rope extends in a manner which complies approximately with Hookes Law stress is proportional to strain until the Limit of Proportionality or Elastic Limit is reached It is important to note that wire ropes do not possess a Young s Modulus of Elasticity but an apparent Modulus of Elasticity can be determined between two fixed loads BRIDON Oil and Gas The Modulus of Elasticity also varies with different rope constructions but generally increases as the cross sectional area of steel increases By using the values given it is poss
106. nd low stretch See page 16 Hydra 7300 DYFORM Hydra 7300 Dyform ropes offer a high steel fill factor providing high strength excellent resistance to crushing and abrasion See page 17 Knuckle Boom Crane Ropes Hydra 7500 DYFORM Hydra 7500 Dyform multistrand ropes offer exceptional low rotation properties essential for specialist deep water single fall knuckle boom cranes The high steel fill factor ensures high strength and suitable robustness in applications where full load is applied directly to multilayer rope reel See page 16 Offshore Winch Ropes Hydra 5500 DYFORMe Hydra 5500 multi strand ropes provide large diameter high strength rotation resistant ropes ensuring excellent fatigue performance with high strength and lower weight to diameter ratio to aid in deepwater operations Hydra 5500 is intended for use with systems incorporating a traction winch for single layer load cases Hydra 5500 is available in conventional and Dyform construction to suit your individual requirements See page 18 amp 19 Hydra 5300 DY FORM Increased strength fatigue and wear resistance and greater cross section integrity A high performance steel wire rope See page 18 Products also suitable for this application Hydra 7500 Dyform and Blue Strand 6x36 Please contact Bridon for more information BRIDON Oil and Gas OF Product Selection Electromechanical amp Subsea Cables The essential buil
107. nd performance in service During the serving procedure serving mallets and hand operated serving machines can be used to generate tight servings Bridon On site serving instructions Diameter of Serving Wire or Strand Rope Diameter 1x7 Wire Strand lt 24mm 24mm to 388mm 1 57mm 1 70mm 40mm to 76mm 1 83mm 2 60mm 76mm to 100mm 2 038mm 3 00mm gt 100mm n a 3 60mm Fig 10a Arrange and position the rope in such a manner that at the completion of the cutting operation the rope ends will remain in position thus avoiding any backlash or any other undesirable movement Cut the rope with a high speed abrasive disc cutter Other suitable mechanical or hydraulic shearing equipment may be used although not recommended when a rope end is required to be welded or brazed For serving instructions for FL and HL ropes refer to Bridon Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety instructions amp Warnings on the use of steel wire rope When using a disc cutter be aware of the danger from sparks disc fragmentation and fumes Refer 3 2 Ensure adequate ventilation to avoid any build up of fumes from the rope and its constituent parts including any fibre core natural or synthetic any rope lubricant s and any synthetic filling and or covering material Some special ropes contain synthetic material which when heated to a temperature higher than normal production processing temperatures will decompose and ma
108. ning by a pressurised spray system BRIDON Oil and Gas Failure to take adequate precaution could result in injury or damage to health Only use compatible cleaning fluids which will not impair the original rope lubricant nor affect the rope associated equipment The use of cleaning fluids particularly solvent based is likely to cut back the existing rope lubricant leading to a greater quantity of lubricant accumulating on the surface of the rope This may create a hazard in appliances and machinery which rely on friction between the rope and the drive sheave e g lifts friction winders and cableways 4 8 Lubricants selected for in service dressing must be compatible with the rope manufacturing lubricant and should be referenced in the OEM s instruction manual or other documents approved by the owner of the appliance If in doubt contact Bridon or your rope supplier 4 9 Take particular care when applying any in service lubricant dressing Application systems which involve pressure should only be operated by trained and authorised persons and the operation carried out strictly in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions Most wire ropes should be lubricated as soon as they are put into service and at regular intervals thereafter including cleaning in order to extend safe performance A dry rope unaffected by corrosion but subject to bend fatigue is likely to achieve only 30 of that normally att
109. nt of sheaves in the reeving system e Check that all sheaves are free to rotate e Review rope selection The smooth surface of Dyform wire ropes gives better contact with drum and sheaves and offers improved resistance to interference betweeen adjacent laps of rope e Consider selection of galvanised rope e Review level and type of service dressing e Consider selection of galvanised rope e Review frequency amount and type of service dressing e Consider selection of plastic impregnated PI wire rope BRIDON Oil and Gas 45 46 Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety instructions amp Warnings on the use of steel wire rope The following Instructions and Warnings combine to provide guidance on Product Safety and are intended for use by those already having a working knowledge of wire ropes as well as the new user They should be read followed and passed on to others Failure to read understand and follow these instructions could result in harmful and damaging consequences A Warning statement indicates a potential hazardous situation which could result in a significant reduction in rope performance and or put at risk either directly or indirectly the safety or health of those persons within the danger zone of the rope and its associated equipment Note As a result of the creation of the single European market and the New Approach Directives which set out essential requirem
110. o the drawworks at the recommended tension using a pinch roller type drill line tensioner until the weight of the travelling assembly is on the drill line One Important Thing To Remember The main issue that normally dictates necessitates the need for drill line handling whether it s to do a slip and cut or to change out a complete drill line is the actual rope condition in terms of wear and damage Ton Miles is a conventional method based upon experience of calculating the amount of work done by the rope and to then determine the service life of the rope through a slip and cut programme However it must be emphasised that Ton Miles is a general guide only and should not be used as the sole criteria for assessing the rope condition as continual visual monitoring is also essential If the visual condition of the drill line indicates that the drill line is showing excess wear and or damage or is encroaching on equal to or exceeding that described as discard criteria according to ISO 4309 then it should take precedence over Ton Mileage as the discard criteria Failure to slip and cut if this sort of excessive drill line wear occurs ahead of the scheduled ton mileage slip and cut normally results in extremely long slip and cuts in the future and probably an unsafe working condition It should be noted If the rope regularly appears in good condition at the programmed time for slip and cut and that this good condition can be fur
111. of an eye in a rope should be a minimum of three times and preferably five times the diameter of the item around which it is to be passed This will ensure that the angle between the two legs of the eye will not cause a tearing action at the throat of the eye For instance if the eye of a mooring line is passing around a 600mm diameter bollard then the eye should be a minimum of 1 8 metres and preferably 3 metres Retiring Ropes Apart from rejecting your rope when obviously damaged it is wise to establish lifetimes of your rope within the parameters of the use for which it was selected This will allow you to retire your rope on a regular scheduled basis provided of course that your conditions of usage remain unchanged Remember to re establish your discard criteria if changing rope type rope material or rope breaking load Safety of life and property is the prime consideration If in doubt ask Bridon for recommendations BRIDON Oil and Gas 29 30 Steel Rope Technical Information Drilling Lines Recommended Handling Procedures This section provides recommendations and information on the correct installation and handling of Drilling Lines to ensure optimum working lives are achieved In general all reputable Wire rope producers now manufacture Drilling Lines to very precise regulations and within high quality control procedures As a result of this it is a proven fact that the majority of unnecessary drilling line wear d
112. ould also be familiar as appropriate with the latest versions of related International European or National standards such as ISO 4309 Cranes Wire ropes code of practice for examination Particular attention must be paid to those sections of rope which experience has shown to be liable to deterioration Excessive wear broken wires distortions and corrosion are the more common visible signs of deterioration Note This publication has been prepared as an aid for rope examination and should not be regarded as a substitute for the competent person Wear is a normal feature of rope service and the use of the correct rope construction ensures that it remains a secondary aspect of deterioration Lubrication may help to reduce wear Broken wires are a normal feature of rope service towards the end of the rope s life resulting from bending fatigue and wear The local break up of wires may indicate some mechanical fault in the equipment Correct lubrication in service will increase fatigue performance Distortions are usually as a result of mechanical damage and if severe can considerably affect rope strength Visible rusting indicates a lack of suitable lubrication resulting in corrosion Pitting of external wire surfaces becomes evident in some circumstances Broken wires ultimately result Internal corrosion occurs in some environments when lubrication is inadequate or of an unsuitable type Reduction in rope diameter wil
113. parallel to one another resulting in linear contact Note This is also referred to as equal lay The lay length of all the wire layers are equal Seale Parallel lay strand construction with the same number of wires in each wire layer each wire layer containing wires of the same size e g 7 7 1 8 8 1 9 9 1 Warrington Parallel lay strand construction having an outer layer of wires containing alternately large and small wires the number of wires in the outer layer being twice that in the underlying layer of wires e g 6 6 6 1 7 7 7 1 Filler Parallel lay strand construction having an outer layer of wires containing twice the number of wires than in the inner layer with filler wires laid in the intersticeswires of the underlying layer of wires e g 12 6F 6 1 14 7F 7 1 Combined parallel lay Parallel lay strand construction having three or more layers of wires e g 14 7 7 7 1 16 8 8 8 1 14 14 7F 7 1 16 16 8F 8 1 Note The first two examples above are also referred to as Warrington Seale construction The latter two examples are also referred to as Seale Filler contruction BRIDON Oil and Gas Multiple operation lay strand Strand construction containing at least two layers of wires at least one of which is laid in a separate operation All of the wires are laid in the same direction Cross lay Multiple operation strand construction in which the wires of superimposed wire layers cross Over one another and make
114. pe take the rope off the top of the reel See Fig 7 3 9 Ensure that any equipment or machinery to be roped is correctly and safely positioned and isolated from normal usage before installation commences Refer to the OEM s instruction manual and the relevant Code of Practice 3 10 When releasing the outboard end of the rope from a reel or coil ensure that this is done in a controlled manner On release of the bindings and servings used for packaging the rope will want to straighten itself from its previously bent position Unless controlled this could be a violent action Stand clear Failure to control could result in injury Ensure that the as manufactured condition of the rope is maintained during installation If installing the new rope with the aid of an old one one method is to fit a wire rope sock or stocking to each of the rope ends Always ensure that the open end of the sock or stocking is securely attached to the rope by a serving or alternatively by a Clip See Fig 9 Connect the two ends via a length of fibre rope of adequate strength in order to avoid turn being transmitted from the old rope into the new rope Alternatively a length of fibre or steel rope of adequate strength may be reeved into the system for use as a pilot messenger line Do not use a swivel during the installation of the rope BRIDON Oil and Gas 50 Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety instruction
115. pooler to ensure safe control of the rope it is recommended that the rope comes off from the bottom of the supply reel Once positioned in the spooler the drive and or brake system must be engaged before removal of lifting accessories to prevent uncontrolled or unexpected rotation of the reel 5 0 Rope Installation Before installation all sheaves over which the rope is intended to pass should be checked to ensure the groove profile fully supports the ropes cross section The groove diameter should be between 7 to 10 larger than the nominal rope diameter and the diameter of the sheave should not be less than 24 times the nominal rope diameter All ropes must be installed on the winch drum under tension the level of tension depending upon the winching system method of Steel Rope Technical Information Additional Information for Hydra Users operation and expected rope loadings in service A normal drum winch system will require a higher installation tension than a twin capstan winch used together with a storage winch An operational alternative may be to spool the rope whilst applying a nominal tension followed by the rope being run off at sea and re tensioned at a level suitable to provide good spooling In this instance consideration must be given to the self weight of the rope and the tension crushing forces this may apply to the lower layers of rope and the tendency to induce rotation of the rope if dragged along the sea
116. reformed rope is selected then personnel responsible for its installation and or maintenance need to take particular care when handling such rope especially when cutting For the purposes of this instruction multi layer parallel closed and spiral ropes should be regarded as non preformed ropes Operating Temperatures Wire rope with a steel core should be selected if there is any evidence to suggest that a fibre core will not provide adequate support to the outer strands and or if the temperature of the working environment may be expected to exceed 100 C For operating temperatures above 100 C de rating of the minimum breaking force of the rope is necessary e g between 100 C and 200 C reduce by 10 between 200 C and 300 C reduce by 25 between 300 C and 400 C reduce by 35 Do not use ropes with high carbon wires above 400 C Failure to observe this general guidance could result in failure of the ropes to support the load For temperatures over 400 C other materials such as stainless steel or other special alloys should be considered Rope lubricants and any synthetic filling and or covering materials may become ineffective at certain low or high operating temperature levels Certain types of rope end terminations also have limiting operating temperatures and the manufacturer or Bridon should be consulted where there is any doubt Ropes with aluminium ferrules must not be used at temperatures in excess of 150 C
117. res quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements BRIDON Oil and Gas 27 28 Synthetic Rope Technical Information Physical Properties Material Properties Specific Dynamic Gravity Co efficient of Friction against Steel Nylon Polyamide 14 0 1 0 12 219 Polyester 1 38 0 12 0 15 256 HMPE Steelite OLSI 0 07 147 Extension Properties of Synthetic Ropes Rope extension and elasticity are important characteristics because they will determine rope behaviour in terms of peak loads and mooring excursions Synthetic fibre ropes differ from steel because the load extension characteristics of synthetic fibre ropes are non linear and time dependent The overall extension of a synthetic rope is made up from several different components Elastic Extension Elastic extension is the extension that is immediately recoverable upon the release of the load In a continuously working environment elastic extension will dominate the rope behaviour Visco elastic Extension Visco elastic extension is only recoverable with time after the release of the load The behaviour of ropes subjected to occasional high loads will be significantly influenced by this visco elastic component Permanent Extension Permanent extension is non recov
118. rks drum should where possible be complied with as any additional or an excessive number of dead wraps especially any wraps without sufficient tension on them could lead to rope slackness on the drum with probable rope crushing damage On Rigs with Crown Mounted Compensators it is recommended that the cylinders be extended prior to winding the line on to the draw work s drum This ensures that the excessive amount of drill line that is required for CMC operation when the cylinders are extended is taken up in the falls between the crown and travelling blocks as the drill line is wound onto the drum under tension On some draw works the fast line s exit hole through the drum flange to the clamp may not allow the rope to enter if it has been served seized In such a case it is essential to fuse all the wires and strands at the rope end by weld to ensure that nothing moves when the serving Seizings are removed Once installed the rope system should then be lifted and lowered under average working tensions for several cycles until the rope has bedded in Slipping and Cutting It is essential that before the rope is cut it is securely bound on both sides of the cut Failure to properly bind the rope will allow relative movement of the components of the rope wires and strand which can cause constructional unbalance and subsequent distortion of the rope in the working rope system Distortions or disturbance of the strand
119. s amp Warnings on the use of steel wire rope 3 11 Monitor the rope carefully as it is being pulled into the system and make sure that it is not obstructed by any part of the structure or mechanism which may cause the rope to come free Failure to monitor during this operation could result in injury This entire operation should be carried out carefully and slowly under the supervision of a competent person 3 12 Take particular care and note the manufacturer s instructions when the rope is required to be cut Apply secure servings on both sides of the cut mark See Fig 10 for typical method of applying a serving to a multi layer rope Ensure that the length of serving is at least equal to two rope diameters Note Special servings are required for spiral ropes i e spiral strand and locked coll BRIDON Oil and Gas A minimum of two servings either side of the cut see fig 10 is normally sufficient for ropes up to 76mm diameter and for larger ropes a minimum of four servings either side of the cut should be applied It is essential that the correct size serving wire or strand see fig 10a is used and that adequate tension is applied during the serving process to ensure the integrity of the rope is maintained It is particularly important to maintain the integrity of non preformed ropes multistrand rotational resistant ropes and parallel closed ropes as failure to do so could affect the ropes breaking strength a
120. s 71 jeiPlely Ground Floor Icon Building First Point Balby Carr Bank Doncaster South Yorkshire DN4 5JQ United Kingdom Phone 44 0 1302 565100 Fax 44 0 1302 565190 Email oilandgas bridon com
121. s increasing the pressure on the rope at the cross over positions Even where helical grooving is provided large fleet angles will inevitably result in localised areas of mechanical damage as the wires pluck against each other This is often referred to as interference but the amount can be reduced by selecting a Lang s lay rope if the reeving allows The interference effect can also be reduced by employing a Dyform rope which offers a much smoother exterior surface than conventional rope constructions Floating sheaves or specially designed fleet angle compensating devices may also be employed to reduce the fleet angle effect At the sheave Where a fleet angle exists as the rope enters a sheave it initially makes contact with the sheave flange As the rope continues to pass through the sheave it moves down the flange until it sits in the bottom of the groove In doing so even when under tension the rope will actually roll as well as slide As a result of the rolling action the rope is twisted i e turn is induced into or out of the rope either shortening or lengthening the lay length of the outer layer of strands As the fleet angle increases so does the amount of twist To reduce the amount of twist to an acceptable level the fleet angle should be limited to 2 5 for grooved drums and 1 5 for plain drums and when using rotation resistant low rotation and parallel closed ropes the fleet angle should be limited
122. s to firstly calculate the tread pressure involved in their manufacture construction based on the projected nominal area and then Instances have been recorded of ropes being apply a factor of say 10 to allow for the highly heavily worked over plain drums and failing localised and intermittent nature of the actual wire prematurely despite the nominal tension being contacts as indicated below Type of contact Close fitting U groove Oversize U groove Plain drum Level of support Good Fair Poor Tread path width 100 of rope dia 50 of rope dia 20 of rope dia Tread pressure am Da 4T Dd 101 Dd Contact stress 201 Dd 401 Dd 100T Dd Note Contact stresses which exceed 10 of the wire UTS Worked example should be considered a cause for concern especially if the l Consider case of a 50mm Multistrand rope MBL 2100kN operating at a 3 1 factor of safety Then for the Contact This is because the true contact area is very much less than the stress lt 200 Mpa say the following minimum bending projected nominal area diameters are indicated rope is operating at a low factor of safety Close fitting groove 1400mm Oversize U groove 2800mm Un grooved drum 7000mm BRIDON Oil and Gas 61 Steel Rope Technical Information Material Safety Data Introduction Steel wire rope is a composite material and dependent upon its type may contain a number of discrete materials The description and or designation of the wire rope
123. s within the rope will result in uneven distribution of the load applied and also surface wear A condition that will effect the working life of the rope The binding seizing itself should be of soft or annealed wire or strand of approximately 0 125 in diameter wound tightly around the rope at both sides of the cutting position using a Serving Mallet or a Marlin Spike Alternatively a clamp of suitable design such as a spare draw work s drum anchor clamp is ideal for serving seizing the drill line prior to cutting and fusing it For conventional 6 strand preformed ropes the serving seizing length should be no less than twice the diameter of the rope being cut However in Triangular Flattened Strand or other Langs Lay ropes then two servings Seizings on either side of the cut would be preferred The calculated length of rope to be slipped is critical to ensure that the rope is subject to even wear as the rope progresses through the reeving system Therefore this length must be measured as accurately as possible to avoid the rope being positioned at repeat critical wear positions in the system An inaccurate measurement and cut of say half of a single drum wrap could cause a slip and cut to be inaccurate enough to cause critical wear spots to move to repeat positions during the slip and cut It is of course of paramount importance after the slip and cut is completed that the drill line is wound ont
124. sary during the training process to optimise load sharing throughout the rope On multilayer winch drums the training process will prevent rope crushing cutting through of the lower layers during operation and will minimise spooling contact damage during use Where possible the total length of rope with the exception of the dead wraps normally a minimum of 3 should be run off the system to allow the wires and strands within the rope to position themselves as the rope rotates and extends due to its self weight and free movement If all the rope cannot be spooled off the winch during the above exercise the remaining layers of rope will be subjected to crushing forces that could easily result in permanent damage to the rope and possible removal from service By repeating this exercise 10 times with an increasing additional load ensures the rope is conditioned to an approximation of its working state hence improving its in service performance The recommended 10 deployments are based on the number of cyclic loads normally required during a pre stressing operation to fully bed a wire rope removing all the permanent constructional extension at a given load case The hysteresis graphs of load against extension indicate that approximately 65 of the anticipated constructional extension is removed after 4 cycles The recommended loading cycle is defined in the table below increasing the additional load in an incremental manner ensures lower l
125. ss Diameter Post installation drift Intermediate stiffness stiffness stiffness Si CAEN EAA ES BIG 168 3924 11 4 O10 11 5 105 9 Zo a9 109 9 2A 513 16 Aye 4905 ae 136 a a 63 8 JAS 182 4 29 8 137 2 30 9 6 4 156 6180 1389 15 8 10 6 4 0 2 SIK 18 1 166 9 Ses 173 0 38 9 65 8 169 6965 1565 18 1 12 2 4 5 gal 90 5 209 188 1 AENG 195 0 43 8 7 178 7848 1764 20 2 13 6 5il 3 4 102 0 22 9 AVE 47 6 219 7 49 4 he 186 8829 1984 22 14 9 5 5 Sul AAS 2916 238 4 53 6 PATE 55 0 WG 194 9810 2205 24 1 16 2 6 0 4 1 J215 28 7 264 9 59 5 CAT 617 BRIDON SUPERLINE Steelite Xcel MBL 5 initial 10 30 20 30 50 50 Diameter loading 10 cycles 300 cycles 300 cycles 33 16 3434 44 6 10 0 206 0 46 3 2919 65 6 364 0 alke 33 8 3924 re T T SLO is 235 4 5209 333 5 fone 415 9 939 31 2 89 3924 992 3 3 Ze Oo 129 235 4 59 5 333 5 84 3 415 9 L022 3 16 93 4905 1102 3 6 2 4 63 8 14 3 294 3 66 1 416 9 wont SSS Lies 3 16 97 5396 1293 3 9 20 70 1 xo 323 8 129 458 7 103 1 SCA 1286 318 16 100 5886 1323 4 4 3 0 oes ee 393 2 79 4 500 3 izes 62539 140 2 41 6 104 6377 1433 4 7 3 1 829 18 6 382 6 86 0 542 0 Iere 676 0 1519 42 16 107 6867 1543 50 3 3 89 3 20u 412 0 92 6 583 7 131 2 VAIS 163 6 43 s H 7358 1653 One 3 5 Co ZS 441 5 og 2 625 4 140 5 TIS To 4 2 114 7848 1764 96 of 102 0 229 470 9 105 8 667 1 149 9 831 9 1870 45 3 117 8339 1874 59 39 108 4 24 4 500 3 112 4 708 8 PIS 883 9 1990 43 4 120 8829 1984 6 2 4 1 114 8 258 5297 110 599 168 6 9959 210 3 41
126. suitable solution for your specific requirements system type location water depth field life etc Bridon s in house engineering expertise can provide custom designed connection hardware Our dedicated project management team will oversee all aspects of your mooring system project including but not limited to design manufacture QA amp QC requirements shipping amp handling of large package weights on site installation and handling advice BRIDON SUPERLINE Polyester Bridon Superline is a torsionally balanced construction and the polyester material grades offer the highest strength to weight ratio for the permanent mooring solution The inclusion of a particle filter layer to limit the ingress of abrasive particles and a marine finish on load bearing elements to enhance resistance to yarn on yarn abrasion ensures long term performance for field lives in excess of 20 years See page 24 Spiral Strand Spiral Strand comprising of either heavy galvanised or Galfan coated high tensile steel wire will enable design lives of up to 15 years With the application of a continuous MDPE sheathed jacket lifetime performance increases beyond 20 years with no requirements for inspection or maintenance See page 22 For more marginal fields a high strength six strand wire rope solution with the optional additional specification of anode inserts and heavy galvanised wire will facilitate systems of up to 10 years See page 11 LTM Soc
127. t is recommended to maintain the integrity of the rope and minimise delays during rope installation that the rope ends are factory prepared fitted and therefore it is essential that the method of attachment to the winch drum is confirmed supplied when ordering Fitting of terminations to complex ropes should be completed by qualified personnel only Bridon can supply training courses or Site Services Engineers to complete these activities Fitting of sockets should be completed in accordance with suitable International Standards EN 13411 pt 4 ISO 17558 with special attention to specific requirements for complex rope which can be advised by Bridon as necessary 7 0 Training or bedding down of the rope after installation Bridon strongly recommends that all ropes are fully trained after installation onto equipment and prior to first use Failure to effectively train the rope may result in the rope failing to achieve optimum performance including increased potential for subsequent damage in use BRIDON Oil and Gas 59 60 Steel Rope Technical Information Additional Information for Hydra Users The rope has been produced from many individual wires which are firstly spun in to strands and then the strands spun into the rope these individual wires therefore have one or more helixes within them Although these wires are positioned in the rope during manufacturing whilst applying tension further equalisation and balancing is neces
128. te 11 9 S22 B27 361 215 46 26145 2075 n a n a 2090 SIDA 69 9 23 4 21 5 14 4 3762 383 423 261 59 3629 2676 n a n a 25338 3 93 76 2 6 25 5 I2 4471 456 502 310 70 4701 3467 n a n a 3010 4 67 Figures quoted within published tables represent our standard products Bridon specialise in the development of products to suit your individual needs please contact us directly and we will be pleased to develop a specification to match your requirements 14 BRIDON Oil and Gas Products O DYFORM BRISTAR 6x37 Class for Riser Tensioner Lines LIE Minimum breaking o diamete 20 load 44 8 62 a79 1456 148 164 103 23 1 4 1030 1004 1 56 44 5 13 4 879 591 1486 152 LO 105 24 1 4 1062 1024 1 59 47 6 17 s On 6 78 1704 174 191 121 2m 1 8 1304 1174 1 82 48 10 3 6 89 17307 195 128 28 1 8 1337 TAYA 1 85 50 8 2 ks U2 1941 198 218 138 31 2 1 ae jam 2 UH 52 20 9 09 2034 207 226 144 32 2 3 1700 1402 2 17 54 2 s 13 0 SA 2194 224 246 156 35 2 6 1904 1512 294 56 14 0 9 38 2359 240 Zag 167 38 29 2124 SAO 52 m2 2 14 5 ST 23 0 242 266 174 39 3 0 CAVITE 169359 262 60 3 23 s 162 109 2699 209 296 194 44 3 5 2558 1889 292 63 5 2 2 S 12 1 2020298 329 2 5 48 4 1 2987 2090 3 24 64 eZ 22 2972 303 334 219 49 4 1 3058 Zee Ore 66 7 2 s 19 8 13 3 3229 329 363 238 53 4 7 3462 PG 57 699 23 4 DT 14 6 3546 361 398 261 59 5 4 3984 20395 ooo 73 0 27 s 2o 159 3867 394 434 285 64 6 2 4538 2 62 4 26 102 3 202 17 4 4214 430 473 310 10 Lo 5161 3010 4 67 Figures quoted w
129. teel outer wires in strands cast steel or equivalent alloy steels kgf cm 5 8 Ordinary lay 40 105 5 8 Lang s lay 45 120 9 13 Ordinary lay 60 165 9 13 Lang s lay 70 200 14 18 Ordinary lay 79 210 14 18 Lang s lay 47 85 240 Triangular strand 55 100 280 It should be emphasised that this method of estimation of pressure assumes that the area of contact of the rope in the groove is on the full rope diameter whereas in fact only the crowns of the outer wires are actually in contact with the groove The local pressures at these contact points may be as high as 5 times those calculated and therefore the values given above cannot be related to the compressive strength of the groove material If the pressure is high the compressive strength of the material in the groove may be insufficient to prevent excessive wear and indentation and this in turn will damage the outer wires of the rope and effect its working life As with bending stresses stresses due to radial pressure increase as the diameter of the sheave decreases Although high bending stresses generally call for the use of flexible rope constructions having relatively small diameter outer wires these have less ability to withstand heavy pressures than do the larger wires in the less flexible constructions If the calculated pressures are too high for the particular material chosen for the sheaves or drums or indentations are being experienced consideration should
130. the rope with fresh water during retrieval and the coating with a thin oil to penetrate the rope and displace moisture is recommended It is recommended that all Bridon Hydra range ropes are produced from drawn galvanised wires to resist corrosion during service The centre of the multi strand rope contributes to approximately 50 of the ropes strength and due to the difficulty of visual inspection every effort must be made to ensure the core remains in good condition lf during use slackness or disturbance of the outer strands occurs towards the outer end of the rope as a result of rotation and elongation in service the rope should be re socketed It is important before commencing re termination of the rope that a written procedure is referred to which clearly outlines how this work will be conducted ensuring that the integrity of the rope is maintained at all times 9 0 Further reference documents IMCA M194 Guidance on Wire Rope Integrity Management for Vessels in the Offshore Industry IMCA M 197 Non Destructive Examination NDE by Means of Magnetic Rope Testing ISO 4309 2004 Cranes Wire ropes Care maintenance installation examination and discard EN12385 3 2004 Steel wire ropes Safety Information for use and maintenance Guidance will also be available from third party authorities and the equipment manufacturers Bridon Services offshore certified engineers amp technicians are available to supervise
131. the strands cutting the inside fibres Keep away from chemicals of all types In the case of long term storage used ropes should be hosed down with fresh water to reduce salt crystals that can affect the life and efficiency of the ropes Elastic Extension Synthetic Rope Technical Information Handling If a rope is supplied on a reel this must be allowed to freely rotate on a central pin or pipe so that the rope can be drawn off the top layer Never take rope from a reel lying on its side Braided ropes can not be kinked or hockled however twist can be imparted into the ropes in service Excessive twist can cause an imbalance between the right and left hand strands and should therefore be removed as soon as possible by counter rotating the rope when it is relaxed Rope Safety Never stand in line with a rope under tension If a rope fails it can recoil with sufficient force to cause serious injury or even death Ensure all end terminations are adequate to take shock loads Use correct safety factors Rope Inspection In use rope should be inspected regularly for evidence of surface abrasion chafe including major yarn or strand cuts Ropes should be examined along their entire length for areas of stiffening or inconsistent diameter where the rope has either flattened necking or has an unusual lump or surface hernia This can indicate internal damage or core failure due to overloading or severe shock loads If limited to on
132. ther confirmed by the Manufacturer then the Ton Mile Slip and Cut programme may be extended to increase the rope s service life The above recommendations are offered as a guidance to the handling of Drilling Lines during installation and service It is essential that the Drilling Line is at all times correctly handled inspected and slipped through the system to ensure a safe working operation and an optimum working rope life For further information please contact Bridon direct BRIDON Oil and Gas 31 32 Steel Rope Technical Information Properties of Extension of Steel Wire Ropes Any assembly of steel wires spun into a helical formation either as a strand or wire rope when subjected to a tensile load can extend in three separate phases depending on the magnitude of the applied load There are also other factors which produce rope extension which are very small and can normally be ignored Phase 1 Initial or Permanent Constructional Extension At the commencement of loading a new rope extension is created by the bedding down of the assembled wires with a corresponding reduction in overall diameter This reduction in diameter creates an excess length of wire which is accommodated by a lengthening of the helical lay When sufficiently large bearing areas have been generated on adjacent wires to withstand the circumferential compressive loads this mechanically created extension ceases and the extension in Phase 2 comme
133. tion and discard and B S 6570 The selection care and maintenance of steel wire ropes which provide greater detail than that given in the relevant Regulations Other standards and instructions covering rope discard may also be applicable In the case of synthetic sheaves or synthetic linings refer to the OEM s instruction manual or contact the sheave or lining manufacturer for specific discard criteria If a wire rope is removed from service at a level of performance substantially different to historically established performance data and without any obvious reason s contact Bridon or Bridon s distributor for further guidance Only qualified and experienced personnel taking the appropriate safety precautions and wearing the appropriate protective clothing should be responsible for removing the wire rope Take particular care when removing ropes with mechanical damage as they may fail abruptly during the change out procedure BRIDON Oil and Gas 99 Steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety Instructions 8 Warnings on the use of steel wire rope Take the utmost care when removing exhausted failed PAWARNING ropes from drums and sheaves as they may be grossly distorted lively and tightly coiled Wire rope which bends around sheaves rollers or drums will deteriorate through bending fatigue Reverse bending and high speed will accelerate PAWARNING the process Therefore under such con
134. tion of a 200 metre length of 38mm diameter Blue Strand 6x36 wire rope with an axial stiffness of 69MN at a tension of 202 kN and with an increase in temperature of 20 C Permanent Constructional Extension 0 25 of rope length 500mm _ WL _ 202x200 _ Elastic Extension A oO 585mm Thermal Expansion Al t 0 0000125 x 200 000 x 20 50mm Therefore total extension 500 585 50 1135mm Steel Rope Technical Information Pressures between Ropes and Sheaves or Drums In addition to bending stresses experienced by wire ropes operating over sheaves or pulleys ropes are also subjected to radial pressure as they make contact with the sheave This pressure sets up shearing stresses in the wires distorts the rope s structure and affects the rate of wear of the sheave grooves When a rope passes over a sheave the load on the sheave results from the tension in the rope and the angle of rope contact It is independent of the diameter of the sheave 2T sin 6 Load on bearing 5 Assuming that the rope is supported in a well fitting groove then the pressure between the rope and the groove is dependent upon the rope tension and diameter but is independent of the arc of contact 2T Pressure P d pressure kg cm rope tension kg diameter of sheave or drum cm a Oo A U0 diameter of rope cm Maximum Permissible Pressures Groove material Low 11 to 13 Number of carbon Mn s
135. uirements of EN ISO 14001 2004 and are assessed and registered by accredited certification bodies jj mje ROEM ECER 03 Product Selection Mooring Applications Exploration Drilling Rigs High Strength Steel Anchor Lines The demands of a hard working application require that Bridon s high strength steel anchor line products are of a robust construction excellent abrasion amp crush resistance ensuring optimum performance on winches and sheaves Proprietary blocking amp lubrication medium assist towards the necessary corrosion resistance with additional benefit of a drawn galvanised finish Diamond Blue offers the highest strength to weight ratio for steel anchor lines supporting moves to ultra deep water locations See page 77 Dyform DB2K offers the highest strength to diameter ratio enabling optimum utilisation of limited volume winch arrangements Furthermore the increased surface area of Dyformed strands improves stress distribution enabling superior crush amp abrasion resistance See page 10 Specialist Fibre MODU Tethers Bridon Superline offers the highest strength to weight ratio facilitating a lightweight anchoring solution The construction incorporates an increased thickness braided jacket to provide a level of protection for improved handling performance BRIDON SUPERLINE Polyester MODU see page 25 Steelite Xcel see page 25 Material grade can be selected for optimum application performan
136. val of samples for inspection or testing Special care is required to maintain the integrity of the rope construction to ensure its properties are retained These ropes are torque balanced typically utilising three layers of strand the two inner layers being spun in one direction and the outer layer of strands being spun in the opposite direction This balance is secured after manufacture by welding of the rope end It is therefore essential that before cutting the rope that the rope is Securely wire served correctly to maintain the integrity of the rope during cutting and afterwards welded unless an appropriate fitting is to be attached After cutting movement of the rope should be limited until the rope end is welded or an attachment fitted Samples removed for testing should be strapped to a steel I beam or similar supporting structure to prevent bending or other movement during transportation and handling Simple hand held serving device should be used to ensure serving strand is tightly applied to ropes before cutting The minimum level of wire serving are given in the table below Diameter of Serving Strand 1x7 Rope Diameter Number of Servings 40mm to 76mm 2 60mm 2 servings each 2 rope diameters in length placed 1 rope diameter apart either side of the cut mark 76mm to 100mm 3 00mm 4 servings each 2 rope diameters in length placed 1 rope diameters apart either side of the cut mark gt 100mm 3 60mm I
137. ve profile can have an equally dramatic effect on rope performance BRIDON Oil and Gas However the benefit of such testing can be particularly helpful to the rope manufacturer when developing new or improving existing products If designers or operators of equipment are seeking optimum rope performance or regard bending fatigue life as a key factor in the operation of equipment such information can be provided by Bridon for guidance purposes Service life curve for various D d ratios 100 LETT ETT HEE eT AT On 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 D d ratio Relative Rope Service Life When considering the use of a steel wire rope around a minimum D d ratio it is generally accepted that at below 4 1 the effect on the strength of the rope needs to be considered Permanent distortions within the rope will occur when using ratios of 10 1 and less and that a minimum ratio of 16 1 be used for a rope operating around sheaves Approximate loss in breaking strength due to bending 9T TT OECC ee a 0 900 ae COPE tr 1 000 D d ratio Steel Rope Technical Information Swivels Rotaing loads can put at risk the safety of those persons construction and lay type and direction is given within a lifting zone during a lifting operation For simplicity the ropes are grouped according to their rotational characteristics In order to reduce the risk of rotation the machinery designer or user may find it
138. will spool off correctly in the same direction the fast line will spool onto the draw work s drum i e Over wind to over wind or under wind to under wind BRIDON Oil and Gas C Prior to reeving the drill line the following components and equipment must be inspected to ensure they are compatible with and won t damage the new drill line that is to be installed i All sheave groove root profiles are to be gauged to ensure that they are within acceptable tolerances as per pictures left Ideally the groove profile should measure 7 5 above the nominal diameter of the rope li All sheave grooves are to be checked thoroughly to ensure that there are no rope drill line tread wear patterns indentations or scoring in them Sheave groove too narrow iad lil All sheave bearings must be checked for adjustment so they are rope for 33 of free to rotate efficiently its circumference i ae and with the minimum of tractive effort oom one ee Check to ensure that there is no excessive side movement wobble which would cause sheave groove enlargement and the accompanying premature sheave bearing failure and undoubtedly contribute to premature drill line discard D The Travelling Block should be positioned so it is aligned as well as possible with the Crown Cluster Block s sheaves It should also be hung off and secured to prevent movement which is essential to ensure that no turn is induced in th
139. wing the manufacturer s instructions See Fig 11 for two recommended methods of securing the rope tail of a wedge socket termination SS Fig 11 The loop back method uses a rope grip and the loop should be lashed to the live part of rope by a soft wire serving or tape to prevent flexing of the rope in service The method of looping back should not be used if there is a possibility of interference of the loop with the mechanism or structure Failure to secure in accordance with instructions could lead to loss of the rope and or injury 3 14 When coiling a rope on a plain or smooth barrel drum ensure that each lap lies tightly against the preceding lap The application of tension in the rope greatly assists in the coiling of the rope BRIDON Oil and Gas 51 steel Rope Technical Information Product Safety Instructions amp Warnings on the use of steel wire rope the termination is fitted in accordance with the OEM s PAWARNING OOO O O instruction manual or manufacturer s instructions Any looseness or uneven winding will result in excessive wear crushing and distortion of the rope When re using a socket and depending on its type and dimensions the existing cone should be pressed out Otherwise heat may be necessary With plain barrel drums it is difficult to achieve satisfactory multi layer coiling beyond three layers PAWARNING The direction of coiling of the rope on the drum is p 9 When me
140. wire rope Irregular coiling usually results in severe surface wear and rope malformation which in turn is likely to cause premature rope failure 3 19 3 20 Ensure that the as manufactured condition of the rope is maintained throughout the whole of the handling and installation operation If samples are required to be taken from the rope for subsequent testing and or evaluation it is essential that the condition of the rope is not disturbed Refer to the instructions given in 3 12 and depending on the rope type and construction any other special manufacturer s instructions In Service Inspect the rope and related equipment at the beginning of every work period and particularly following any incident which could have damaged the rope or installation The entire length of rope should be inspected and particular attention paid to those sections that experience has proven to be the main areas of deterioration Excessive wear broken wires distortion and corrosion are the usual signs of deterioration For a more detailed examination special tools are necessary see Fig 13 which will also facilitate internal inspection see Fig 14 mi ine d KN Fig 14 In the case of ropes working over drums or sheaves it is particularly necessary to examine those areas entering or leaving the grooves when maximum loads i e shock loads are experienced or those areas which remain for long periods in exposed
141. y give off toxic fumes Rope produced from carbon steel wires in the form shipped is not considered a health hazard During subsequent processing e g cutting welding grinding cleaning dust and fumes may be produced which contain elements which may affect exposed workers The products used in the manufacture of steel wire ropes for lubrication and protection present minimal hazard to the user in the form shipped The user must however take reasonable care to minimise skin and eye contact and also avoid breathing their vapour and mist After cutting the rope cross sections of non preformed ropes multi layer ropes and parallel closed ropes must be welded brazed or fused and tapered such that all wires and strands in the rope are completely secured Failure to correctly secure the rope end is likely to lead to slackness distortions premature removal from service and a reduction in the breaking force of the rope 3 13 Ensure that any fittings such as clamps or fixtures are clean and undamaged before securing rope ends Make sure that all fittings are secure in accordance with the OEM s instruction manual or manufacturer s instructions and take particular note of any specific safety requirements e g torque values and frequency of any re application of torque When terminating a rope end with a wedge socket ensure that the rope tail cannot withdraw through the socket by securing a clamp to the tail or by follo

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