An Innovative Design Initiative for Preventing And Or Interrupting
Contents
1. Figure 7 ZigBee stack 5 ZigBee is built on top of the IEEE 802 15 4 standard ZigBee provides routing and multi hop functions to the packet based radio protocol It is the foundation on which ZigBee is built Figure 7 Shows a simplified ZigBee stack which includes the two layers specified by 802 15 4 the Physical PHY and MAC layers 5 IV MICROCONTROLLER A microcontroller incorporates all the features that are found in microprocessor The microcontroller has built in ROM RAM Input Output ports Serial Port timers interrupts and clock circuit 7 A microcontroller is an entire computer manufactured on a single chip Microcontrollers are usually dedicated devices embedded within an application It is very difficult to disable by miscreants an in built digital communication by the microcontroller activated by a quick feather touch on an illuminated switch since it 1s inaccessible It works silently instantaneously and decisively and in error free manner P89C51RD2BN Philips made 8 bit microcontroller because of its CMOS design and wide voltage operation is useful for battery and AC power operations for a long time It is best suited for the existing electrical setups of MEMUs DEMUs Its powerful instruction repertoire provides true flexibility in designing compact error free communication subroutines for this demanding environment Its open architecture and bit processing capability greatly help bit string manipulations 3 T2. 35 All Rights Reserved 2014 IMARECE International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering IJARECE Volume 3 Issue 4 April 2014 ZigBee communications were carried out in different laboratory set ups and with different personnel including corridors for ascertaining the effect of environment on secured ZigBee communications Results are summarised on the table I below Table I Test Results Serial Distance In Laboratory Observations No door Range Solid state Properly 7 meters lab Receive and Transmit Data 1 lmeters Solid state Send Receive and Digital Ok through the Lab glass panel 16 meters Basic Lab Working Properly 35 meters Corridor Working Properly Prototypes are developed successfully and are awaiting field trials and testing in MEMUS DEMUs Figure 19 Covering a Range up to 35 Meters in our College Campus Corridor Block 2nd floor ECE Dept XILCONCLUSION For availing the comfort and benefit of Wi Fi guided rail we may have to wait for a decade or more considering the requirement of massive investment in this infrastructure ZigBee however on the other hand is a low cost option and bring us the benefit of safety by its secure speedy and accurate communication capability being nearest to Wi Fi This project describes in short a sustainable method for uplifting passengers safety without much Engineering modifications on the existing MEMUs DEMUs s elec
3. International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering IJARECE Volume 3 Issue 4 April 2014 An Innovative Design Initiative for Preventing And Or Interrupting Carnage during Surface Transportation Prof R N Panda Dr M G Tiary Swati Bhattacharjee 1 2 3 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Asansol Engineering College Asansol West Bengal India Abstract Adequate and coordinated consideration of safety integration issues by both the Board and the Local Railroad Administration are responsible for the enforcement of railroad safety and its implementation Members of the Surface Transportation Technical Group recognize that the human operator is an integral component of a system comprised of the operator the surface vehicle and the environment Therefore the same effort that goes into designing and developing the vehicle and its infrastructure must be put into optimizing the behaviour and performance of the operator As the performance capabilities of ground and rail based vehicles become more advanced accompanied by equal advances in the complexity of the operating environments we must ensure that vehicle handlers are able to perform their tasks with minimal errors and maximum comfort Adopting a systems approach to surface transportation security including an understanding of the surface transportation sector as a complex interconnected system of networks and functio
4. MU Mainline Electric Multiple Unit Microcontroller ZigBee Pro ZigBee professional LINTRODUCTION Improvements in security activities and coordination are needed to effectively reduce and manage risk and enhance security within surface transportation Inability to apply an integrated systems management approach to assessing risk and improving security and resilience is short sighted and does not fully account for a networked surface transportation system existing in our country Using intelligence to identify potential threats by employing programs and procedures that allow for better identification and interdiction of threats prior to their arrival Engaging system operators in intelligence sharing security planning and operations is required ensuring that key transportation workers are vetted Increasing frontline worker and public security awareness creating a more stringent less opportunistic environment for terrorist attack 1 planning e g non intrusive inspection devices canine teams random bag checks etc and counter surveillance changing operations to reduce vulnerabilities and potential consequences and to thwart attempts to circumvent security measures hardening critical infrastructure e g intrusion detection facility hardening smart Surveillance and common operating picture development and improving general efficiency are some of the essential key measures to be put in place In the extreme cases of emergencies
5. e SEND RRECEIVE modes of operation by program and key board initiation through ZigBee communication 4 4x3 low profile keys VLHARDWARE Computer PRS232_ AFerocontrole ZigBee Y lie 5V to 3 3V Converter Figure 9 Block Diagram of the individual trans receiver unit during development Figure 10 Shows the interface of ZigBee with microcontroller The ZigBee modules works at the 2 4 GHz frequency which means smaller embedded board and antenna in size ZigBee modules have the ability to transmit Digital PWM Analog or Serial RS232 signals wirelessly For interfacing 8051 with a ZigBee we just need the TxD RxD GND and Vcc connections Data communication is possible by using the ZigBee module digital data directly into the SBUF register of 8051 microcontroller as shown in figure 10 5V and ground is connected to provide power to the module While TX and RX pin is connected for communication ZigBee is mainly working in the mesh topology 433 All Rights Reserved 2014 IJARECE International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering IJARECE Volume 3 Issue 4 April 2014 SV to 3 3V PIRAN PJATA PIJAT Figure 10 Circuit Diagram of the Proposed System To establish a mesh topology in railway network using ZigBee Communication is also a very challenging and purposeful application For constructing such kind of network self contained micr
6. e after pressing the right switch of board 1 it is able to transmit and display an ASCII character A After receiving A the board 2 will transmit another ASCII character say U when the required key switch is pressed on the board in question ISSN 2278 909X 2 ZigBee communication Two microcontroller boards tested as above with the programs loaded in the memory of 8051 were interfaced with the ZigBee modules with appropriate connections of TxD RxD Vcc and Ground as shown in the Figure 10 and switched on to establish wireless communication between them Wireless communication is the fastest and safest way of communication unlike wire connections which are susceptible to EMI present in the electrical wirings of MEMU and DEMUs ZigBee option is low cost technology and can be consider as a mini WI FI connectivity without massive infrastructural investments Figure 16 Two development boards in wired communication a b a Eco from reception after transmission b Pulse shape of transmitted character Figure 17 Message and pulse shape during continuous transmission and reception a Two test boards interfaced with ZigBee are communicating Photocopy of Actual Design Circuit b Communicating ZigBees are placed side by side Figure 18 Showing ZigBee setups during communication Figure 18 shows how the boards were initialised into a closed loop communications in the laboratory X TEST RESULTS 4
7. en into the memory of the microcontroller on the development board The board has the facility of in system programming 9 We can download or erase the program on board without using any programmer device or even without removing the chip from its socket This will avoid the damage to the chip as well as it will be very easy to proceed on program development To download the programs to the board a virtual program utility WINISP package is pressed into the operation environment This utility is from Philips and supports a number of on board microcontrollers of the same family The screen shot in the figure 14 shows the features of the WINISP utility program 434 All Rights Reserved 2014 IJARECE International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering IJ ARECE Volume 3 Issue 4 April 2014 PHILIPS ISP S PHILIPS n System Data Buffer 64K Programmer Ver 2 26 MISC Load File Parameters Chip Pe9C51RD2 Erase Blocks me P8SC51RD2 ity Range acun Sar ton nm e Osc MHA i Loaded File poe o Status Display Psscst RD2 64K Flash Micro 6 CPI Show ASCII Figure 14 WINISP Screen shot 2 Virtual Programming Builder VPB This is a software tool which provides facility to write a program in assembly language Programming was decided to be written in the assembly language This enabled us to write compact general purpose and multiple nestable programs for ef
8. ficient utilization of memory space Integrating various utility modules in future will become easy This package converts assembly language program in hex codes which can be loaded into the development board using WINISP that creates four types of files on assembly programs these are HEX files BIN files ASM files and PRN files The screen shot of the VPB software is shown in the figure 15 below Ku D 5 3 2014 Minal key66r asm File Edt Program Orivers head sai herel jnb scon 1 herel A acall delay delay mov r3 50 here2 mov r4 50 hereO djnz r4 here0 djnz r3 here2 mov a 7ih dismes2 mov DPTR mes2 leall disp sjmp wait disp inc DPTR clr a move a a DPTR cjne a eom command acall rec Figure 15 Program development screen in VPB IX TEST METHODOLOGY 1 Two wire communication Before interfacing ZigBee modules with two microcontroller development boards we have configured them as two trans receiver units communicating through two wire connections While the serial transmission program was being put in endless loop a serial pulse train for transmission and reception of a specific ASCH character was visible on a CRO screen and also the ASCII character is display on the LCD whenever the respective switch will be pressed as shown in the figure 16 and Figure 17 below Here CRO is used for testing purpose for ensuring that the boards are able to transmit and receive various ASCII characters accurately For exampl
9. his controller board is very versatile and operable from the lead acid batteries placed at the bottom of the carriage Unique open ended architecture of the microcontroller P89C51RD2BN make this controller board very effective for networked operation for a long time without system chaos Key board and LCD display allow inputting of user data and debugging of new programs and attachment interfacing 3 ISSN 2278 909X V DESIGN CONCEPTS Proposed model consists of minimum two numbers of microcontroller boards interfaced with LCD some low profile switches and a ZigBee module in each facilitating data communication as shown in the figure 8 for enhancing the safety of the passengers by averting if not interrupting tragedies inside speeding carriages These self sufficient microcontroller boards housing ZigBee act like individual trans receiver modules and these modules can be installed in each and every compartment including the engine of the train So that during emergency passengers can press one switch according to their needs and the corresponding message will be displayed in each and every compartment including the engine of a train Then it becomes clear for all passengers what happened and the necessary helps can be mobilized in no time Microcontroller 16X2 LCD Microcontroller 16x2 LCD 8051 38051 ZigBee Zig Bee Pro Pro 4x3 low profile keys Figure 8 shows two almost identical modules capable alternat
10. like fire dacoity and the other forms of organised crimes passengers travelling in high speed trains are really helpless on two grounds One they are unable to locate actuate the alarm during near stampede situations during a fire hazard as shown in the figure 1 or are rendered motionless due to mortal fear Even if somebody gathers courage chance to actuate the alarm the motorman only stops the train to investigate the cause and its location by an elaborate search operation By the time anybody checks in the compartment of distress most of the damages are already done and the dacoits will 431 All Rights Reserved 2014 IJARECE International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering IJ ARECE Volume 3 Issue 4 April 2014 get the opportunity to dismount and disappear easily from receiver unit powered by the 135Volt AC power source the scene of the crime Irate passengers will wait for the of the compartment and an additional arrangement for standby operation with battery bank beneath the carriage The arrangement looks like that shown in the figure 5 below train to reach the next station only to surround the Station Master as shown in the figure 2 By using ZigBee communication at 2 4GHz situations could be handled in a better way even if the train speeds through a tunnel as shown in the figuure 3 Method will be clear as this paper sequences through Figure 4 A train moving over an embank
11. ment Courtsey Google com i ZN 1 ith E CN Figure 5 ZigBee configurations in different compartments ZigBee module with the microwave antenna is to be fitted on the top left on the rear side of each compartment for free space instant communication HI ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY ZigBee is the name of a specification for a suite of high level communication protocol using small low power digital radios based on the IEEE 802 15 4 standard for wireless personal area networks WPANs 4 The technology is intended to be simpler and less expensive Figure 2 Tanusree Sil recounts at Howrah station how a than other WPANSs such as Bluetooth ZigBee is used for robber held a pistol to her head Picture by Gopal radio frequency RF applications that require a low data Senapati Courtsey Telegraph Dec 20 2013 rate long battery life and secure networking ZigBee is a wireless mesh networking standard The low cost allows the technology to be widely deployed in wireless control and monitoring applications where as the low power usage allows longer life with smaller batteries and the mesh networking provides high reliability and larger range of communication 4 The ZigBee Alliance is a standard body defining ZigBee operational protocols ZigBee operates in the industrial scientific and medical ISM radio bands 868 MHz in Europe 915 MHz in countries such as USA and Australia and 2 4 GHz ISM band in most other jurisdictions worldwide Co
12. mpared to existing wireless protocols like Bluetooth and Wi Fi ZigBee is more advantageous as we can get a communication range up to 1 6 km ZigBee has excellent security features as encryption is used Different topologies can be implemented with ZigBee protocol including mesh topology peer to peer shown in figure 6 The ZigBee specification identifies three kinds of devices that incorporate ZigBee radios with all three found in a typical ZigBee Network are given below 1 Coordinator which organizes the network and maintains routing tables 2 Routers which can talk to the coordinator to other routers and to reduced function end devices Figure 3 Tunnel of Pir Panjal in J K Courtesy Google com ILSYSTEM APPROACH As shown in the figure 4 a train can be considered as a cluster of a number of microcontroller cards housing communication program and ZigBee Pro unit fitted with each card which can operate as a self contained trans 432 ISSN 2278 909X All Rights Reserved 2014 IJARECE International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering IJARECE Volume 3 Issue 4 April 2014 3 Reduced function end devices which can talk to routers and the coordinator but not to each other 6 re Ceo Coordinator Cer Router Reduced Function End Device Figure 6 ZigBee Mesh Network 6 Application Profiles Application Framework Layer MAC Layer 802 15 4
13. ns is mandatory It is critical to recognize the security measures currently in place to determine a strategic path forward for addressing the Nation s surface transportation security 2 This paper presents a system to upgrade existing Security monitoring systems in the trains The goal is to design and implement a cost effective and intelligent full fledged microcontroller and wireless based system to save the lives of the passengers in a running train This is very low cost solution as no change is necessary to be made to the infrastructure of the existing system Key to success however still lies in the in the method to send distress signal to the person in charge with pin point accuracy and speed by using available robust and state of the art technology like ZigBee replacing age old conventional chain pulling systems ACP This project uses ZigBee pro communicating easily over 2 miles of outdoor and being interfaced with 8051 microcontroller kit and LCD display can process and communicate distress signals at great speed and accuracy needed for safety of the passengers at the flick of a button This is economically feasible in contrast to that using Wi Fi system Main purpose of this project is to install these modules in a train to save ISSN 2278 909X the lives of the passengers on moving train and to make safety and happy journey for the passengers Key word ACP Alarm Chain pulling DEMU Digel Electrical Main line Unit ME
14. ocontroller board interfacing with ZigBee module LCD and some illuminated switches is placed in each and every compartment including the Engine of the train in distributed manner near passenger berths as shown in the figure 11 Components of communication hardware are shown in the figure 12 C E Eie e Dacoity Fighting Heart atte Crime on d Women Figure 11 Emergency switches are located near the berths of the passengers 5 N WREKE a Microcontroller board b ZigBee Board 8 Figure 12 Communication hardware VI COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL Otherwise peaceful and comfortable journey of the passengers of a high speed train can suddenly turn out to be a miserable one when the just joined passengers flash out a gun and start demanding money and jewellery or smokes bellows out from the adjacent joints of the carriage In this case any passenger can push the right kind of feather touch switch to inform the motorman and passengers of all other compartments about the danger within split second and with deadly accuracy Microcontroller senses the switch closure and relays the information through the ZigBee to all the compartments including Driver and the TTE Motorman of the speeding ISSN 2278 909X train accesses the situation quickly and starts acting correctly in the present circumstances and sends armed personnel the scene of the crime through the common corridor in case of robbery Microc
15. ontroller board senses the keys all the time till a valid key closure is identified it then sends a character string to all the other controllers in the vicinity through its own ZigBee and informs the exact danger and location by the sent information packet Other microcontrollers receive these packets to decode the danger massage and location of it for its own in house display Controller in the driver s cabin will facilitate to inform the sender that the message is received and help is on its way through a keypad initiation to the great relief of the passengers in distress Motor man will then start multiple activities like speeding breaking the train asking for further help and reinforcements from the nearest centres to ensure a tragedy interruption if not averted fully a Message received in the driver s cabin b Test message sent to the caller Fuger 13 Typical interchange of test messages Figure 13 shows how messages are echoed back to the distressed caller from the motorman s cabin Motor man of the speeding train can send armed force to the distressed compartment through the common corridors from both sides and also initiate rushing of fire extinguishers to the compartment in fire after slamming the break as the situation warrants VULSOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 1 Virtual Programmer Development microcontroller board is connected to a PC using a serial cable Program is developed using the development tools and is writt
16. trical setups ISSN 2278 909X The design outlined above will enable us to install these modules in a train to save the lives of the passengers on moving train and to make the travel a ZERO HARM proposition for the vast millions The security of the women in a moving train can be increased to a point well above the present scenario Incidence of pick pocketing theft or looting etc will we believe drastically come down to a low level when all aspects of security as discussed earlier are put in place XUH FUTURE WORK This project opens up immense possibilities like safety communications processing of distress signals from vehicles short robotics movement through ZigBee networks for attending places which are otherwise beyond human access like chemical warfare zones nuclear warfare etc This can be commanded and governed successfully in many areas including terrorist activities This being a low cost solution is very helpful and can be adopted in numerous exploration and mining activities in our country XUI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors wish to acknowledge the helps and continuous encouragements received from the Dean PG studies and Research Dr A K Ganguly and Principle Dr Bijay Krishna De of Asansol Engineering College XIV REFERENCE 1 Antiterrorism security and surface transportation systems by A Camille N Y Fink http www resources metapress com pdf preview 2 Surface transportation security priori
17. ty assessment http www whitehouse gov sites default files rss_vie 3 Improvised Microcontroller Networking Alleviates Safety Hazards in Rail Journey R N Panda Prajit Paul Dr A Kumar 4 http en wikipedia org wiki ZigBee 5 Product Manual on an Introduction to ZigBee Dynamic C 6 PDF on ZigBee Wireless Transceiver Engineering Options 7 BOOK The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems by Muhammad Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi 8 http www rhydolabz com 9 User s Manual of Edutech System 436 All Rights Reserved 2014 IJARECE
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