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OpenVMS National Character Set Utility Manual

1. E WER MER IER EI ATA MUN WER es ym Manna ema a MATI ngu C g IS I WOW PGR GE Wi igi TENA co Xgx c ME QA NOE B SS lt X00 CS SEQUENCE X00 A n MAN p c iom pr En E E pn nw nin nin m T mw Qu ngan ngu wn n n pm pm am EM EU g N o n W M p R B x zs d en mpm nij np main ny nn wow pn non n n mpm man In n n GOTT MUS EMT Et EY Moos SAN UE I po PAG y arg XDO XDE SXFO SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a mz AM T anny WAN NTH remm M N Y REVERSE NATIVE ZK 6573 GE In this example the first SEQUENCE keyword dause establishes the collating sequence for the entire character set from X00 through XFF during the first pass The associated MODIFICATIONS keyword clause effectively masks the lowercase characters and diacritical characters by equating each lowercase alphabetical character to ts related uppercase alphabetical character and by equating each diacritical character to its related nondiacritical uppercase character During the second pass the second SEQUENCE keyword dause establishes the collating sequence for the diacritical characters The associated MODIFICATIONS keyword clause masks all lowercase characters both diacritical and nondiacritical by equating them to their rela
2. x99 lt X9A gt lt CSI gt 8 ST lt OSC gt lt PM gt lt APC gt lt XA0 gt lt xXA4 gt lt XA6 gt lt XAC gt lt XAD gt lt XAE gt EXAFS lt XB4 gt lt XB8 gt lt XBE gt lt xD0 gt lt XDE gt lt XEO gt lt XFE gt lt XEF gt X00 ZK 6577 GE National Character Set Definitions A 3 National Character Set Definitions S English C EQUENCE SI MODIFICATIONS CS XDE In n In An men n mn B W W S EQUENCE XF0 XFE XFF a mou TA Apo or ss pwone nOn onon n onp gn ge MEN 3X00 A n n m bn CH E ipri MINN o In i on gn WW o X00 N NU MON ZN o E MAN pr you gt es Wan XDO MAISHA DE wa e FEN MM 7 E pn yen pg DM UTU TUI nyu Y manni A rannman NES MITAT E nan NUS US WAL nUT tyy MENS qu OR X00 a 1 pI URM Nr nin p gn onn moran MSI WA NANG E WON pU M We essi ms XDO0 XDE XFO XFE 3XFF R a _ MODIFICATIONS a nm AM AT S TA AU MATA My NU UY U REVERSE NATIVE ZK 6579 GE Finnish
3. MACRO qualifier is MAR Note that you can further define a specific MACRO 32 format with the FORMAT qualifier as shown in the second example 1 NCS EXTRACT DOWNCASE MACRO MY MACRO This command directs NCS to extract the definition DOWNCASE from the default NCS library convert the definition to VAX MACRO format and then output it to file MY MACRO MAR The following example shows an NCS definition module converted to VAX MACRO NCSSRO DATA NOVEC NOWRT RD NOEXE SHR LCL REL CON PIC LONG DOWNCASE X00000158 X00000000 X00000000 X00000000 X000 F6408 X7 6E X00000065 X000 00000 X0 00 X00000000 0 0 0 0 o o gt gt x JJ 6 6 000 x000 0 X000 000000 X00000000 x00000000 X000 000158 X00000000 x00000000 X00000000 X00000000 X03020100 X07060504 X0B0A0908 XOFOEODOC X13121110 X17161514 X1B1A1918 X1F1E1D1C 3 0 0 0 o o gt gt x gt CO CC 0 0 0 00005 X0 0 0 NO SSO Oro x X23222120 X271262524 X2B2A2928 X2F2E2D2C X33323130 X37363534 X3B3A3938 X3F3E3D3C X63626140 X67666564 X6B6A6968 X6F 6E6D6C X73727170 X77767574 X5B7A7978 X5F5ESD5C X63626160 X67666564 X6B6A6968 X6FOE6D6C X73727170 X77767574 X7B7A7978 X7ETETDTC AXF3F2F1F0 XF7F6F5F4 XFBFAF9F8 XFFFEFDFC PS LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO
4. 1 5 3 1 Definition Name You can create a new conversion function from an existing conversion function by equating the new function to the name of the existing function using the following format new conversion function name of existing conversion function Following is an example of this type of expression MY CONVERSION MULTI TO LOWER NCS Description 1 5 3 2 Sequential Series of Conversions You can create a new conversion function by expressing it as the result of a sequential series of conversions using the following format new conversion function conversion 1 conversion 2 conversion 3 NCS applies a sequential series of conversions in a single pass beginning with the rightmost conversion and continuing right to left In the preceding format conversion 3 is applied before conversion 2 and conversion 2 before conversion 1 Following is an example of a conversion function derived through a sequential series of conversions MY CONVERSION MCS NODIACRITICALS MCS LOWER 1 5 3 3 Modified Conversion Function You can create a conversion function from another conversion function appropriately modified through the use of keyword dauses in the following format new conversion function CF keyword clause keyword clause The expression begins with a definition identifier CF followed by several keyword clauses endosed in parentheses and separated by commas The first keyword clause identifies the conversion funct
5. CS SEQUENCE LS DNR Nu OMS EMMA Qm ompmcmocm MAS XD XDE XF0 SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a z A g MAN MA A C EN EN EN min nim g ndungu o g w mungu U miem y nana A T nten A L E o C E mjn y DIN n DND L G O 9 O g ON O g y Y CE OE f SS e GE lt X00 CS SEQUENCE X00 A MAN AM Bw C npu ngu pro it gn U nin in nn un ngn N NU E NON mn mn pr g nm nyu nyu vn ngu ngen un A vw 1 1 1 1 1 SXDO SXDE XFO SXFE 2XFF MODIFICATIONS an nz a nz Wa REVERSE NATIVE Finnish NRC to Multi CF AU An W ipt n an gn gn y a wom X00 CF _IDENTITY MODI wen ou Gob wy N Y mo nan in t em ZK 6580 GE ZK 6581 GE FrCan NRC to Multi CF CF IDENTITY MODI an nA o Tan on iot 7 man WAT gw iW lt ton wen eT tur WA EN et mon nig National Character Set Definitions M x00 ZK 6582 GE French CS SEQUENCE X00 N O Z ngu Aw m
6. E 1 XDO XDE XFO SXFE SXFF Spanish CS SEQUI ngu A MODIFICATIONS nan an grapa r n uEN u Won TEN 11 TD CS SEQUENCE TEUS MINY In n i MINT ND nag MOL On w T e IM RN MODIFICATIONS RI ES tun Y XD0 XDE a np WAN B WON Hi Wp at m z DMR A Mpu np EN m wrp pots MONO WOW TOMI y USCH Y nan g ar a o ASYE NEN VEM nju ngu WU n gr ngu Wee o non Un A AE ON TET no CH mE en TL cH ICH ch CH qM TT no A TEM ue E OR gn SON pe ce MEE n lt x00 X00 A n n m e Cty TDI nnen Ur BEER YAN mm DS DEN nom EZ Nu MMS XFO SXFE 2XFF a nn WAS TAM Li a MSM a Mh WAN NTH pn nyu EVERSE _NATIV E ZK 6608 GE Swedish NRC to Multi CF CF IDENTITY MODI man wow Ka ip mm AM mn nou KA mj A YA WAN pr T dn m mum Mal jn man O mim ngu ud YA WAN L min KAN a gn X00 ZK 6609 GE Swiss NRC to Multi CF CF IDENTITY MODI win yr n man pn n nA Nem in man TAn o an mwn an ps mom
7. MON ONG on mgr gn y ym MAN Man an MAN Heen WAN MEN QU Cw Meaning pm mjn y nm ONES Q gsm om MUMS HUT Ty o l j Y pn OEC Multination EQUI ENCE a SS E m lt X00 al_2 ZK 6590 GE CS p nin MODIFICATIONS E TENUIT E X00 A n n MAN mpc E C D z PT DEN NU EA TO ONS NOM Np R M OE MEM n n j ny mmm 2 nym ary ZE 08 CHE P UU XDO SXDE XF0 SXFE SXFF nat Wou TA NANG ant nyu An In tar ty N Y X00 ZK 6591 GE National Character Set Definitions Multi to Danish NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI AM a A J ng gj N DU wm a nyu non mg on X00 ZK 6592 GE Multi to Finnish NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI A w ma wan J O NS gr E TAN ng a ju Y on X00 ZK 6593 GE Multi_to_FrCan_NRC CR CF _IDENTITY MODI wan EN ar m W mon ux pas n m W man m W WAH Xn if n A X00 ZK 6594 GE A 8 National Character Set Definitions Multi to French NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI mon de ngu m non
8. gt N N tilde SXDF SS S sharp XD7 OE OE ligature Define lowercase to collate the same as uppercase l SXE0 SXEF XF1 XFD XC0 amp XCF amp XD1 XDD 1 6 2 Conversion Function Keyword Clauses NCS 14 There are three types of keyword clauses you can use to build a conversion function CF DENT MODIFICATIONS Each of these is described in the following subsections NCS Description 1 6 2 1 CF Keyword Clause The CF keyword clause equates the keyword CF to a conversion function expression which can take any one of the forms described in Section 1 5 The general form for the CF keyword dause follows CF CF expression The following example illustrates the use of the CF keyword clause MULTI TO NODIACRITICALS CF IDENT V1 0 CF IDENTITY MODIFICATIONS XC0 XC5 A Various forms of A assigned same weight XF9 XFC u Various forms of u assigned same weight SXFD y Y umlaut assigned weight of y See Section 1 4 for details on the use of the IDENTITY built in definition 1 6 2 2 IDENT Keyword Clause ThelDENT keyword clause is a special purpose keyword clause that permits you to assign a version number to the conversion funcion The following example illustrates the use of the IDENT keyword dause to assign Version 1 0 to a conversion function MULTI TO LOWER CF IDENT V1 0 CF IDENTITY MODIFICATIONS X41 X5A X61 X7A
9. gu N NU o mono p g pr ngn ngu tin wfn APE nym We EM gr Ww Mn Ve DEE XDO XDE XFO XFE XFF INA M MODIFICATIONS a n NAH A E rene AU WANN DC TIN Ng REVERSE _NATIVE ZK 6605 GE Norwegian NRC to Multi CF CF IDENTITY MODI Q AU gn N gn j MA WAN p An gn g gn gn jy nan A X00 ZK 6606 GE Portuguese CS A SEQUENCE X00 N n MONS AT E on Ar w A NA TN SXDO XDE XF0 SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a Tan WAN MALAE MAN WAN A MEN ot En n E funn Np nOn n n MOM grupa nm yn PN nam ngu nan war gU n onp en ots manc nag VENS njn uyn ipm yt We Mes tor o gg MA ZE Wach nm CE OE on TOS ga E wn lt X00 CS SEQUENCE X00 A A A KB KON CT D E n Pez I xiu NS ENT S CE Gy NOM O O MEM RU Hey RSS SUN MUNS IUe e M M Ay E Qj A pro Mer mons XDO0 XDE XFO SXFE 2XFF MODIFICATIONS a nmn UAM NANG WAN NYU n NTH Mays N Y REVERSE NATIVE ZK 6607 GE A 12 National Character Set Definitions ENCE X00 B Mol CH laf HE TM M UNU N TOSYA
10. CREATE CREATE Format Creates an NCS library CREATE option Qualifier Value Description Examples option A set of options that permits you to override the system defaults for the size and format of the newly created NCS library See the listing under DESCRIPTION Use the CREATE qualifier to create an NCS library Note that you must use the LIBRARY qualifier and explicitly specify the device and directory when you create a new NCS library See examples If you do not specify a device and directory in the command line NCS creates the library in SYS LIBRARY by default If you do not use the LIBRARY qualifier to specify a new library NCS creates a new version of the default NCS library To populate the new library from an existing definition file enter as the command parameter the specification for the input file containing the definitions When you create an NCS library you can override various NCS default values for the size and format of the library using the following options BLOCKS n Specifies the number of 512 byte blocks to be allocated for the library By default NCS allocates 100 blocks for a new library HISTORY n Specifies the maximum number of library update history records that the library may maintain By default NCS sets the number to 20 KEYSIZE n Changes the maximum length of definition module names MODULES n Specifies the maximum number of modules in the NCS library 1 NCS
11. CREATE BLOCKS 200 KEYSIZE 24 LIBRARY DISK1 DOE LIB NLB This command creates a file named LIB NLB in the directory DOE while simultaneously allocating the file 200 blocks and setting the maximum module name length at 24 characters 2 NCS CREATE MODULES 40 LIBRARY USERDISK DOE ABC NLB MY NCS This command creates an NCS library in directory DOE named ABC NLB The command limits the library to 40 modules and populates it with definitions from input file MY NCS NCS 25 NCS Qualifiers DATA DATA Format Improves disk space efficiency IDATA EXPAND Qualifier Values Description Examples NCS 26 REDUCE Stores definitions in a data reduced format EXPAND Stores definitions in a data expanded format The DATA qualifier gives you the option of specifying how you want definitions stored in the NCS library in data reduced format or data expanded format Note that you must specify a value either REDUCE or EXPAND with this qualifier there is no default value Note too that NCS does an implicit compression recovers unused space from previously deleted files on the specified library whether you are converting the library to data reduced form or to data expanded form If the specified NCS library is in standard nonreduced form use the REDUCE option to create a new reduced version of the library If you do not use the LIBRARY qualifier to specify a library NCS creates a new reduced ver
12. CS SEQUENCE X00 A MANM MAN BE onon c pw pn weg pung nin i guay En ro Gn m n pingu gn gn U nn ngu nmn yn HW EEN nom nn wm nn mon XD0 XDE XFO SXFE SXFF _ MODIFICATIONS a z AU ZU nani I Wy ish Nn uni REVERSE _NATIVE SXDO T ZK 6576 GE EDT VI2xx CF CF X00 X01 X02 X03 X04 X05 X06 X07 X08 X0A X0B X0C X0D SX0E KOF x10 X11 X12 K13 X14 X15 X16 X17 X18 X19 SXIA SKIB SX1C KID KIE SX1F X7F X80 X81 X82 X83 X84 X85 X86 X87 X88 X89 X8A X8B X8C X8D X8E SX8F X90 X91 X92 X93 X94 X95 X96 X97 X98 X99 KSE X9B X9C IDENTITY an an p c p g p gn g lt LE gt lt VT gt WC lt CR gt AN aon p Q R g T U Ay AW Ax y Az lt ESC gt man p man mn lt DEL gt X80 xg1 lt x82 gt lt x83 gt lt IND gt lt NEL gt lt SSA gt lt ESA gt lt HTS gt lt HTJ gt lt VIS gt lt PLD gt lt PLU gt lt RID lt ss2 gt lt ss3 gt lt pcs gt lt PUL gt lt PU2 gt lt STS gt lt CH gt lt MW gt lt SPA gt lt EPA gt lt x98 gt
13. Characters A Z XD1 XDD XF1 XFD Various characters 1 6 2 3 MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause The MODIFICATIONS keyword dause is used in conjunction with another conversion function typically the built in conversion function IDENTITY to derive a modified version of the conversion funcion The MODIFICATIONS keyword clause causes NCS to modify the specified conversion function making changes in the specified order The following example illustrates the use of the MODIFICATIONS keyword clause in a conversion function MULTI TO UPPER CF IDENT V1 0 CF INVERSE MULTI TO LOWER MODIFICATIONS XDF SS XD7 OE In this example the MODIFICATIONS keyword clause masks the lowercase sharp s 8 by equating it to the character pair SS and the uppercase OE ligature X by equating it to the character pair OE 1 6 3 MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause Syntax This section expands on the syntax requirements for developing MODIFICATIONS keyword clauses in an NCS expression The conversion function MODIFICATIONS keyword clause uses the following format left string right string NCS 15 NCS Description NCS 16 NCS treats this as left string converts to right string The following example illustrates the use of a MODIFICATIONS keyword dause in a conversion function CF IDENTITY MODIFICATIONS X41 X5A X61 X7A In this example NCS treats the MODIFICATIONS keyword clause as uppercase characters convert to l
14. IAS a a LET aa Su ua uku ocu EE IMACRO woe tee kd rx Rande RR eR Ea Ram koe RR RU a NUR sus neu OWT PUT a sete 8 eer Ree Rp bm RA RR RE Rede a s JREPEBEACE ue arx Wu Ead ate eR ARA Ete w qapas artes ISIN CE es Serta cap eden Ra ed RR a Beare a ae CR E EL Ru RR e d A National Character Set Definitions Index Examples NCS 1 Tables NCS 1 NCS 2 NCS 3 Typical Definition File NCS Language Notation Formats for Collating Sequence MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clauses aro ia c rea URN CRURA CONGU CR SI LT De NCS Command Qualifier Relationships Preface Intended Audience This manual is intended primarily for system programmers and application programmers Document Structure This document consists of the following three sections Description This section is in Part I It provides a description of the National Character Set NCS Utility and detailed instructions on how to build NCS definition files Usage Summary This section is in Part It outlines the following NCS information Invoking the utility Exiting from the utility Directing output Restrictions or privileges required Qualifiers This section is in Part It describes the NCS qualifiers including format parameters and examples Associated Documents For related information about the NCS Utility see the following documents Conven
15. LE gr yn man NATA X00 ZK 6610 GE Uk NRC to Multi CF CF IDENTITY MODI 1 X00 ZK 6611 GE A 13 A Alternate NCS library specifying See LIBRARY qualifier ASCII SPACE character using as pad character NCS 10 BEFORE qualifier NCS 23 Built in definition function of NCS 7 _IDENTITY conversion function NCS 8 NATIVE collating sequence NCS 7 C CF keyword description NCS 15 Collating sequence creating limitation NCS 9 using appended collating sequence NCS 9 using modified collating sequence NCS 9 using name of existing collating sequence NCS 8 using reordered collating sequence NCS 10 using reversed collating sequence NCS 9 using series of expressions NCS 8 expression forms listed NCS 8 MODIFICATIONS keyword dause formats listed NCS 16 COMPRESS qualifier NCS 24 Conversion function creating using inverted conversion function NCS 11 using modified conversion function NCS 11 using name of existing conversion function NCS 10 using reordered conversion function NCS 12 using series of conversion functions NCS 11 expression forms listed NCS 10 Index Conversion function cont d MODIFICATIONS keyword clause format NCS 15 processing order for multiple conversion functions NCS 11 using to create collating sequence NCS 9 CREATE qualifier NCS 24 CS keyword description NCS 12 D Data format in NCS library speci
16. LO LO LO EN D G GQ GQ G GO OO GO QO OO GQ OO GOO OO GQ GO G OO EJ 2 NCS EXTRACT DOWNCASE MACRO MY MACRO FORMAT 256 NCS Qualifiers MACRO This command directs NCS to extract the DOWNCASE definition from the default NCS library as in the first example However this command explicitly specifies that NCS convert the definition to the MACRO 32 format for use with the Run Time Library routine LIB MOVTC instead of the default NCS format The following example illustrates the converted definition NCSSRO DATA NOVEC NOWRT RD NOEXE SHR LCL REL CON PIC LONG DOWNCASE X03020 X13121 X23222 X33323 X63626 XY3721 X63626 X73727 X83828 X93929 AXA3A2A XB3B2B XE3E2E XF3F2F XE3E2E XF3F2F 00 X07060504 10 X17161514 20 X27262524 30 X37363534 40 X61666564 70 X77767574 60 X67666564 70 X77767574 80 X87868584 90 X97969594 A0 X A7A6A5A4 BO XB7B6B5B4 EO XETEGESE4 DO XF F6F5F4 EO XETEGESE4 F0 XF7F6F5F4 X0 Xl X2 ANG ANG LANG ANG TAKI ANG X9 AKA XB XE XF XE OXF B0A0908 KO B1A1918 X1 B2A2928 X2 B3A3938 X3 B6A6968 X6 B7A7978 X5 B6A6968 X6 B7A7978 X7 B8A8988 X8 B9A9998 X9 BAAA9A8 XA BBABOB8 AXB BEAE9E8 AKE BFAF9F8 XD BEAE9E8 AKE BFAF9F8 XF FO FI F2 an F F6 F F5 E F ei F sav F c F F F FE FD FE FF EODOC E1D
17. building NCS definition files NCS Description In processing strings two common functions are collating and conversion Collating sequences provide a means of comparing strings for sorting purposes conversion functions provide a means for deriving an altered form of an input string based on a conversion algorithm The National Character Set NCS Utility provides a common facility for defining collating sequences and conversion functions registering them as definition modules in an NCS library and providing a means for making them locally accessible to application programmers and system programmers See Appendix A for a listing of the definition modules that are induded in the default NCS library Typically NCS collating sequences are selective subsets of the Multinational Character Set NCS collating sequences find widespread use in international applications For example a Spanish collating sequence would resolve sorting weights for characters you might encounter when processing strings from the Spanish language NCS permits you to build collating sequences unique to your particular programming situation For example if you want the character C to collate between the characters G and H you can retrieve the particular collating sequence from a central library make the appropriate modifications and then store the modified collating sequence in a local library that is readily accessible to your application program You can imple
18. induding those inserted by this command NCS Qualifiers LIBRARY LIBRARY Specifies an alternate NCS library The default NCS library is SYS LIBRARY NCSS LIBRARY Format LIBRARY filespec Qualifier Value filespec The alternate NCS library file specification Description The LIBRARY qualifier allows you to specify an NCS library other than the default NCS library SYS LIBRARY NCS LIBRARY Note if you do not include a device and directory when you specify the alternate library NCS defaults to SY S LIBRARY The default file type is NLB Examples 1 NCS INSERT LIBRARY USERDISK DOE MY LIB MY DEFS This command directs NCS to insert definitions from the fileMY DEFS NCS into the NCS library MY LIB NLB 2 NCS DELETE UPCASE LIBRARY GEN NCS This command directs NCS to delete the module UPCASE from the library file SYS LIBRARY GEN_NCS NLB NCS 33 NCS Qualifiers LIST LIST Format Lists the contents of an NCS library LIST filespec NOLIST Qualifier Value Description Examples NCS 34 filespec The destination file specification for the list output The LIST qualifier allows you to obtain a listing of an NCS library The optional file specification parameter allows you to store the listing in a file The default file type is LIS If you omit the file specification NCS directs the listing to SYSSOUTPUT You are not permitted to use wildcard characters when specifying the destin
19. of EDT1 l UNEDT1 INVERSE EDT1 Section 1 3 describes the notation used in NCS definitions The expressions and keyword clauses that comprise NCS definitions are described in Sections 1 5 and 1 6 NCS 5 NCS Description 1 3 Notation Guidelines NCS 6 Table NCS 1 lists the language notation to be used in NCS definition files Table NCS 1 NCS Language Notation Notation Meaning Starts a comment 0 Establishes entity grouping for ordering operations In a collating sequence clause reads literally left term coll ates as right term in a conversion function clause reads literally left term converts to right term gt In a collating sequence clause reads literally left term coll ates just greater than right term lt In a collating sequence clause reads literally left term coll ates just less than right term Within a dause indicates string concatenation in an expression indicates an appended collating sequence Indicates a series of expressions comprising one definition Indicates a range of string data a Endoses literal string data 96 Indicates the start of a string numeric value D Indicates a decimal numeric value H Indicates a hexadecimal numeric value O Indicates an octal numeric value Delimits expressions and dauses Terminates an NCS definition You can construct a definition in free form using indentation and one item per line to improve readability For example the following def
20. 1C E2D2C E3D3C E6D6C ESD5C E6D6C E7D7C E8D8C E9D9C EADAC EBDBC EEDEC EFDFC EEDEC EFDFC NCS 37 NCS Qualifiers ONLY ONLY Limits the modules being listed Format ONLY module Qualifier Value module The module or modules to be listed Description Use the ONLY qualifier with the LIST qualifier to specify which definition modules in the NCS library you want listed If you specify more than one definition module separate the module names with commas and enclose the list in parentheses You may use wildcard characters to specify the definition module s Example NCS LIST ONLY M P This command directs NCS to list only the definition modules that have names beginning with the letter M or the letter P NCS 38 NCS Qualifiers OUTPUT OUTPUT Format Specifies the output definition file OUTPUT filespec Qualifier Value Description Examples filespec The file specification for the destination file You use the OUTPUT qualifier with the EXTRACT and COMPRESS qualifiers to specify a destination file Use the OUTPUT qualifier with the EXTRACT qualifier to specify a file to store the definitions extracted from an NCS library The default file type is NCS Note that the new definition file is not the same as the definition file used to originally create the definition NCS does not store the original definition file only the resultant definition Use the
21. 32 output from NCS library See MACRO qualifier Maximum number of history records NCS library spedfying NCS 24 NCS 25 MODIFICATIONS keyword using in collating sequence expression NCS 14 using in conversion function expression NCS 15 MODIFICATIONS keyword clause NCS 16 Modules replacing in the default NCS library NCS 21 Multinational Character Set NCS 3 Multiple definition modules specifying with DELETE qualifier NCS 27 NCS 32 specifying with EXTRACT qualifier NCS 28 specifying with ONLY qualifier NCS 38 Multiple input files specifying NCS 21 N National Character Set Utility See NCS Utility NCS command specifying input files for NCS 21 NCS keyword for FORMAT qualifier NCS 29 NCS library creating NCS 25 See also CREATE qualifier deleting definition modules from NCS 27 extracting definition modules from NCS 28 generating MACRO 32 output from NCS 36 generating NCS definition files from NCS 39 inserting definition modules NCS 32 obtaining listing of NCS 34 replacing definition modules NCS 40 specifying an alternate NCS 33 specifying history records NCS 24 NCS 25 specifying MACRO 32 output format NCS 29 specifying maximum length of definition module names NCS 24 NCS 25 spedfying maximum number of modules NCS 24 NCS 25 specifying size NCS 24 NCS 25 verifying operations NCS 35 with data expanded format NCS 26 with data reduced format NCS 26 NCS Utility NCS 3 DCL interfa
22. 600 GE A 10 National Character Set Definitions Multi to Swedish NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI AM ET E Ag nju a O WAS U WAT Im ngu pr w o pus gr nju an nn X00 ZK 6601 GE Multi to Swiss NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI ar Win A Daf X00 ngu gn 7 on w N MEN w mpm w jm wi E a mwn ngu n gt yr man ZK 6602 GE Multi to Uk NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI 1 X00 ZK 6608 GE Multi to Upper CF CF IDENTITY MODI Man onon VAN ZN anang WAN NTH among N y qp OE Qn SS X00 ZK 6604 GE A 11 National Character Set Definitions Norwegian CS n SEQUENCE X00 N NU Mou E TOT A pu bu k KA m s XDO SXDE XFO SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a nn A WANG MAN WAN A on om En n NE nju nin ps Om n n OT Gn On pom onn ur n ny y 13 3 A TANM n onp ME NG E nan NAN mi monyen a Pa NU WO MI em toT ton n o On nonm U n y y AM AE CE OE gr SS na A gan lt X00 CS SEQUENCE X00 A TANNA pg C Mm DECRE n onn ngu onn niu ir
23. IDENTITY MODIFICATIONS ME YOU NOW THEN BLUE RED Using this conversion function the input string Tell me now the sky is blue is converted to the output string Tel you then the sky is red 1 5 Definition Expressions You can define collating sequences and conversion functions using various types of expressions Section 1 5 1 describes the types of expressions used in formulating collating sequences Section 1 5 3 describes the types of expressions used to define conversion functions Note that vertical ellipses are used in some examples to indicate omitted code 1 5 1 Collating Sequence Expressions You can define collating sequences using any combination of the following types of expression The name of an existing collating sequence A sequential series of collating sequences An expression that includes appended collating sequences A modified collating sequence A reversed collating sequence A reordered collating sequence 1 5 1 1 Definition Name You can create a new collating sequence by equating it to the name of an existing collating sequence using the following format new collating sequence name of existing collating sequence Following is an example of this type of expression MY COLLATING SEQUENCE MULTINATIONAL 1 1 5 1 2 Sequential Series of Expressions You can create a new collating sequence from a sequential series of expressions including one or more conversion functions a
24. N monyen REVERSE NATIVE A 6 ZK 6587 GE National Character Set Definitions Italian NRC to Multi CF CF _IDENTITY MODI nU gn S wry mom W nen w nr Wir sd ton y W W jin 4X00 ZK 6588 GE Multinational CS SEQUENCE X00 N IN O Z E Qj METETA e ee XD OS SXDE SXEO SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a z A Z AM MA A cm M M E H istri RIS MOUTON c BOM MR spe cc NYA cd e o Wm ME s NAN TANT AN MANSO Bett oou NIN o PEN MINAS MIN yw gm L G O gr gj n g ij O y y G Og gr SS qe GE lt X00 CS SEQUENCE X00 A B C npu ngu Bett EE WASAN O RER MON MOSCRON Ap ronn OMEN gn U fin ngu nyn y YN WAN E on A XD0 SXDE XF0 XFE XFF MODIFICATIONS an nz WAS AS ranr min n un gr REVERSE NATIVE Multinational_1 CS py WO rtt W oor y NT MM ZK 6589 GE SEQUENCE X00 N O Z gm MAM m mn w m XDO SXDE SXFO SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a z A Z A C g nmn 2 I
25. OUTPUT qualifier with the COMPRESS qualifier to specify a destination library file for the compressed library If you do not use the OUTPUT qualifier with the COM PRESS qualifier NCS puts the compressed library in a new version of the default NCS library The default file type is NLB 1 NCS EXTRACT UPCASE DOWNCASE OUTPUT USER DOE NEW DEFS NCS This command directs NCS to extract two definitions UPCASE and DOWNCASE from the default NCS library and to store them in a file named NEW DEF NCS 2 NCS COMPRESS OUTPUT USER DOE NCS NEW LIB This command directs NCS to compress the default NCS library and to store the compressed version in an alternate NCS library specified as USER DOE NCS NEW LIB NLB NCS 39 NCS Qualifiers REPLACE REPLACE Replaces one or more definition modules in the default NCS library with modules from the specified input file Format REPLACE Parameters None Description Use the REPLACE qualifier when you want to replace one or more library modules with definitions from the specified input file If a reolacement module in the input file does not have a corresponding module in the NCS library NCS inserts rather than replaces the new module in the library If you do not explicitly specify a qualifier for the NCS command the default is the REPLACE qualifier Example NCS 40 NCS MY DEFS This command directs NCS to replace each definition in the default NCS library with a corre
26. OpenVMS National Character Set Utility Manual Order Number AA PS6FA TE May 1993 This manual describes how to use the National Character Set Utility Revision Update Information This manual supersedes the VMS National Character Set Utility Manual Version 5 2 Software Version OpenVMS AXP Version 1 5 OpenVMS VAX Version 6 0 Digital Equipment Corporation Maynard Massachusetts May 1993 The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Digital Equipment Corporation Digital Equipment Corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document The software described in this document is furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license No responsibility is assumed for the use or reliability of software on equipment that is not supplied by Digital Equipment Corporation or its affiliated companies O Digital Equipment Corporation 1993 All Rights Reserved The postpaid Reader s Comments forms at the end of this document request your critical evaluation to assist in preparing future documentation The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation AXP DECwindows Digital OpenVMS VAX VAX DOCUMENT VMS and the DIGITAL logo The following is a third party trademark PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated ZK4438 This document was prepared
27. S SEQUENCE DENT MODIFICATIONS Each of these is described in the following subsections 1 6 1 1 CS Keyword Clause The CS keyword dause equates the keyword CS to a collating sequence expression that can take any one of the forms described in Section 1 5 The CS keyword dause typically establishes the collating basis for a collating sequence unless you use the SEQUENCE keyword dause The CS keyword dause uses the following format CS CS expression The following example illustrates the use of the CS keyword clause NCS Description MULTINATIONAL_2 CS Define temporary for second pass IDENT V1 0 CS _NATIVE MULTI_TO_UPPER MODIFICATIONS XC6 gt Z2 AE diphthong XD8 XC6 O with slash SXEO SXEF SXF1 5XFD 1 6 1 2 SEQUENCE Keyword Clause The SEQUENCE keyword clause establishes the collating basis for a collating sequence when the CS keyword clause is not appropriate Typically you use this keyword clause when you do not have an existing collating sequence that is appropriate for your application and thus must fabricate one XCO SXCF XD1 XDD The following example illustrates the use of the SEQUENCE keyword clause in fabricating the Dutch collating sequence DUTCH CS SEQUENCE X00 N o z ngu NRO aep NEM XDO XDE XF0 SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a z A Z K A Q C
28. T ABCDE XYZ MACRO MY This command extracts two definitions from the default NCS library and converts them by default to NCS format before induding them in the file MY MAR NCS 29 NCS Qualifiers FULL FULL Provides a complete listing of an NCS library Format FULL Parameters None Description Use the FULL qualifier with the LIST qualifier to obtain an NCS library listing that includes the date and time each module was inserted into the library The output has the following format module inserted dd mmm yyyy hh mm ss Example NCS 30 NCS LIST FULL This command lists the modules in the default NCS library together with the date and time that each module was inserted into the library NCS Qualifiers HISTORY HISTORY Format Parameters Description Examples Provides the update history record headers for the NCS library HISTORY None You use the HI STORY qualifier with the LIST qualifier to obtain a list of the update history record headers for the specified NCS library in the following format username operation n modules on dd mmm yyyy hh mm ss The operation may be a replacement insertion or deletion of definition modules If you specify the FULL qualifier with the HISTORY and LIST qualifiers NCS lists the history record headers for each update together with a list of the definition modules affected by each update 1 NCS LIST HISTORY If you had previously dele
29. ating sequence b conversion function If you want to do the comparisons in a single pass using the sum of the collating Sequences reorder the operation using parentheses as shown in the following example new collating sequence collating sequence a collating sequence b conversion function 1 5 2 Collating Strings with Pad Characters In some instances you may need to collate strings padded with one or more pad characters Typically a string may be padded with the ASCII SPACE character but the pad character can be defined as any character In order to avoid ambiguity when collating padded character strings specify the collating value of the pad character in your collating sequence definition For example if you want to specify the collating weight of a pad character in a collating sequence you might use the following statement NATIVE SPACEPAD CS CS NATIVE MOD X20 This states that the shorter string should be treated as if it were padded with spaces for collating purposes For example the string ABC lt SP gt lt SP gt would have the same collating weight as the string ABC 1 5 3 Conversion Function Expressions NCS 10 You can define conversion functions using any combination of the following types of expression The name of an existing conversion function A sequential series of conversions A modified conversion function An inverted conversion function A reordered conversion function
30. ation file Note that when you use the LIST qualifier in conjunction with qualifiers such as the DELETE qualifier that modify the contents of the NCS library NCS creates the listing after the modifications are made For example if you delete the definition module UPCASE and simultaneously request a listing the listing does not include the UPCASE module Listings can provide various types of information depending on the qualifiers you use with LIST Each listing however contains at least the following information about the library Directory of NCS library library filespec on dd mmm yyyy hh mm ss Creation date dd mmm yyyy hh mm ss Creator VAX librarian Vnn nn Revision date dd mmm yyyy hh mm ss Library format n n Number of modules nnn Max key length nnn Other entries nnn Preallocated index blocks nnn Recoverable deleted blocks nnn Total index blocks used nnn Max update history records nnn Update history records nnn l1 NCS LIST This command outputs a listing of the definitions in the default NCS library to the SYS OUTPUT device 2 NCS LIST DEFLIST FULL This command outputs a listing of the definitions in the default NCS library to a file named DEFLIST LIS The listing includes the date each definition was inserted in the NCS library NCS Qualifiers ILOG ILOG Determines whether or not NCS verifies library operations Format LOG NOLOG Parameters None Description Use the LOG or NOLOG qualifie
31. ce default function NCS 3 library functions NCS 3 directing output NCS 21 exiting NCS 21 functions NCS 3 implementation NCS 3 Number of modules in NCS library specifying NCS 24 NCS 25 O ONLY qualifier NCS 38 OUTPUT qualifier NCS 39 P Pad character in collating sequence NCS 10 R REDUCE keyword for DATA qualifier NCS 26 REPLACE qualifier NCS 40 Required values for DATA qualifier NCS 26 S SEQUENCE keyword description NCS 13 SINCE qualifier NCS 41 Size NCS library specifying NCS 24 NCS 25 String how denoted NCS 7 limit on numeric representation NCS 7 ranges used in collating sequence NCS 17 V Verification of NCS library operations See LOG qualifier W Wildcard characters use of NCS 27 NCS 28 NCS 38 use restriction NCS 34 NCS 36 Index 3
32. d Conversion Function NCS 11 1 5 3 5 Reordered Conversion Fundtion NCS 12 1 6 Keyword Clauses NCS 12 1 6 1 Collating Sequence Keyword Clauses NCS 12 1 6 1 1 CSKeywordClause NCS 12 1 6 1 2 SEQUENCE Keyword Clause NCS 13 1 6 1 3 IDENT KeywordClause NCS 14 1 6 1 4 MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause NCS 14 1 6 2 Conversion Function Keyword Clauses NCS 14 1 6 2 1 CF KeywordClause NCS 15 1 6 2 2 IDENT KeywordClause NCS 15 1 6 2 3 MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause NCS 15 1 6 3 MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause SyntaxX NCS 15 Part Il NCS Command and Command Qualifiers NCS Usage Summary NCS Command Qualifiers IBER ORE iue ace RR UR EE NEEN RI ERE De Ie ma J COMPRESS A ene xr RR ac ER ERA arx ERR e Ee ICREA TES 2 2 3 e AA id RARE TAN s DATA de bagus 0 Puit etude hun Mia dats AA PLA e IDELETE S i tad cau i kua TEXTRACT lt a xD TEX np OR ao ke uae es IFORMAT za poke ar de qe ar pede din qur m p ate ef oa MTS A O met Lieu Eus JHIST ORY cios Ee Rar a EE Ree eu RARE gue INSERTE iu toI PER CIS Meca et er eiut i JE BRAVE a un eer Sid ied
33. ence b conversion c conversion d If the strings do not compare conversion d and conversion c are applied to the input strings and then the strings are compared on the second pass based on collating sequence b If you want a one pass comparison that converts input strings and then compares them using the composite effects of collating sequence a and collating sequence b add parentheses as follows my cs collating sequence a collating sequence b conversion c conversion d 1 6 Keyword Clauses Keyword clauses are the basic elements of a collating sequence definition They are used to establish the basis for each collating sequence to explicitly define modifications where applicable and to optionally assign a version number to the collating sequence As described previously a definition expression can take the form of a definition identifier CS or CF followed by a set of one or more keyword dauses endosed in parentheses and separated by commas as follows new expression CS keyword clause keyword clause All keyword clauses begin with a keyword followed by the equal sign and a value keyword value The value varies with the keyword as shown in the next two sections Note that you can abbreviate any keyword as long as the abbreviated form is not ambiguous 1 6 1 Collating Sequence Keyword Clauses NCS 12 There are four types of keyword clauses you can use to build a collating sequence expression C
34. fying with DATA qualifier NCS 26 DATA qualifier NCS 26 Data expanded format using DATA qualifier NCS 26 Data reduced format using DATA qualifier NCS 26 Default file type for NCS definition files specified by OUTPUT qualifier NCS 39 for NCS input files NCS 21 for NCS library NCS 33 for NCS library listing output file NCS 34 for NCS library specified by COMPRESS qualifier NCS 39 for output files created by MACRO qualifier NCS 28 for output files created by OUTPUT qualifier NCS 28 Default insertion in lieu of module replacement NCS 40 Default values overriding with COMPRESS qualifier NCS 24 Definition built in NCS 7 Definition file characteristics NCS 4 example NCS 4 format NCS 4 generated by OUTPUT qualifier NCS 39 how to build NCS 4 language notation NCS 6 naming NCS 4 structure NCS 4 Index 1 Definition file output from NCS library See OUTPUT qualifier Definition module deleting from NCS library See DELETE qualifier extracting from NCS library See EXTRACT qualifier inserting in NCS library See INSERT qualifier specifying name length NCS 24 Definition module replacing See REPLACE qualifier DELETE qualifier for deleting definition modules from NCS library NCS 27 Delimiters for specifying multiple definition modules NCS 27 NCS 28 NCS 32 NCS 38 for specifying multiple input files NCS 21 Destination file specification requirement NCS 36 Disk space efficiency See DATA q
35. his example states that the hexadecimal value for S sharp XDF has the same collating value as SS The next example shows various source strings being assigned collating values that are relatively greater than less than and equal to the destination strings MODIFICATIONS SXDF gt S S sharp XD7 O OE ligature SXF7 XD7 oe ligature Here the hexadecimal value for S sharp collates just greater than the letter S the hexadecimal value for the uppercase x ligature collates just less than the letter O and the hexadecimal value for the lowercase ligature collates equal to uppercase x You can also assign a range of strings the same collating value as a single string For example if you want to assign all of the lowercase alphabetical characters the same collating weight as a null character that typically has the lowest collating value in a set you would state it as follows CS NATIVE MODIF ICATIONS X61 X7A X00 In building a definition file you can compose a definition that is not compatible with NCS because the function is not well defined or because of some restriction NCS may impose on the function In analyzing a definition use the NCS EXTRACT command to retrieve the function see Part 11 The NCS EXTRACT command restructures the definition in its most basic form The resulting definition may not be as efficient as the original definition but it is generally more logically structured and easie
36. inition file consists of the following elements in this order l Definition name 2 Equal sign 2 3 Definition expression 4 Terminating semicolon A definition file has the following format definition name definition expression definition name definition expression definition name definition expression Example NCS 1 includes excerpts from a definition file that provides several EDT conversion functions NCS Description Example NCS 1 Typical Definition File Define the EDT fallback conversion function and UNEDT its inverse Note that applying EDT and then UNEDT to a file may not result in the original file if for example the original file contains the string A EDT VT2xx CF CF IDENTITY MODIFICATIONS X00 R SKOTS FAQS X02 AB amp XF0 XFO SXFE lt XFE gt amp XFF lt XEF gt UNEDT_VT2xx INVERSE EDT_VT2xx l Start of definition EDT a modified version of EDT VT2xx l EDT CF CF EDT_VT2xx MODIFICATIONS XA0 XA0 SXAL lt li gt SXA2 lt C gt amp XFB lt u gt SXFC ES sae SXFD ey tta VG l Definition UNEDT the complement of EDT UNEDT INVERSE EDT The next 2 definitions EDT1 and UNEDTI are structured such that UNEDT1 EDTI string always gives the original string EDT1 CF CF EDT MODI WAN MAN lt Nea The complement
37. inition is functionally acceptable but is difficult to read FRENCH NRC TO MULTI CF CF _IDENTITY MODIFICATIONS Tp IE Qn man pr WON 1 1 L 1 IN M nGn Wi S wing n y MENGI wAagwiwan 4 4 WA W_ WAN WA W_ WAN WA www IA WAQGNIWON MAS sa an re ran o 6 ZK 6571 GE Using indentation and one item per line makes the same definition much easier to read as shown in the next illustration NCS Description FRENCH NRC TO MULTI CF CF IDENTITY MODIFICATIONS man EN wen Ss a rpm wow L r TNR nem ny WS d r WA m EN WA M NASI n m WAG gn YA WD ar r a n YA e ran YA ro TOLY ZK 6572 GE When you format a file for readability do not omit the required punctuation Strings can be represented literally and numerically If you use literal strings as in the preceding example you must endose them in double quotation marks If you choose to represent strings numerically you can use either decimal hexadeci mal or octal numbers You must precede numeric values by a percent sign 96 and the appropriate radix symbol D for decimal X for hexadecimal O for octal Note that you can use only digits that represent a single character and that the radix notation must be less than decimal 256 regardless of the numbering system you use F
38. ion that serves as the basis for the new conversion function The second keyword clause lists the appropriate modificati ons Following is an example of an expression that uses keyword clauses to create a new conversion function EDT1 CF CF EDT MODIFICATIONS WAN WAN li lt anys In this example the new conversion function EDT1 is a modified representation of an existing conversion function EDT 1 5 3 4 Inverted Conversion Function You can create a new conversion function by logically inverting an existing conversion function using the following format new conversion function INVERSE CF expression Typically you use inversion when you want to restore a converted string to its original form For example assume you have the following conversion function EDT1 CF CF IDENTITY MODI ROL A 3302 OBR 8X03 C 2x04 D SX05 En 3X06 F K07 G X00 Now assume you want to convert the output string back to the original input string To do this you can use the following conversion function NCS 11 NCS Description UNEDT1 INVERSE EDT1 1 5 3 5 Reordered Conversion Function You can effectively reorder conversion functions using parentheses For example the following format results in a two pass comparison where collating sequence a is used as the basis for comparing the input strings during the first pass my cs collating sequence a collating sequ
39. lating sequence Each uppercase character gets the same collating weight as the associated lowercase character MY COLLATING SEQUENCE CF CF IDENTITY Base collating sequence MODIFICATIONS X41 SX5A X61 X7A Modifications XCO XCF XEO0 XEF to the base XD1 XDD XF1 XFD collating sequence 1 5 1 5 Reversed Collating Sequence You can create a new collating sequence by specifying the reverse order of an existing collating sequence using the following format new collating sequence REVERSE existing collating sequence Using this form of expression you might create a collating sequence where the letter C would collate greater than B and the letter B would collate greater than A NCS 9 NCS Description Here is an example of using a reverse order collating sequence expression MY COLLATING SEQUENCE REVERSE _NATIVE Using this expression you could give collating weight precedence to lowercase characters over uppercase characters 1 5 1 6 Reordered Collating Sequence You can create a new collating sequence by reordering an existing expression through the use of parentheses In the following example NCS applies the conversion function and compares the input strings using collating sequence b as a comparison basis in the first pass If the strings do not compare NCS compares the strings using collating sequence a as a basis during a second pass old collating sequence collating sequence a coll
40. les 1 NCS DELETE CH This command deletes all NCS library modules that begin with the letters CH 2 NCS DELETE LOWER TO UPPER CHANGECASE LIST This command deletes the definition CHANGECASE from the default NCS library and then lists the remaining definitions NCS 27 NCS Qualifiers EXTRACT EXTRACT Format Extracts definitions from an NCS library EXTRACT module Meses MACRO filespec Qualifier Value Description Examples NCS 28 module The name of the module to be extracted The EXTRACT qualifier is used to retrieve one or more definition modules from an NCS library Note that you must use either the OUTPUT qualifier or the MACRO qualifier with the EXTRACT qualifier to specify a destination file for the extracted definition Use the EXTRACT qualifier with the MACRO qualifier to extract one or more definitions that you want to indude in a MACRO 32 program file When you use the MACRO qualifier with the EXTRACT qualifier the default output file type is MAR Use the EXTRACT qualifier with the OUTPUT qualifier to extract one or more definitions that you want to indude in an NCS definition file When you use the OUTPUT qualifier with the EXTRACT qualifier the default output file type is NCS If you want to extract several modules separate the module names with commas and enclose the list in parentheses You may use any of the standard VMS wildcard characters to s
41. m non innen SKDO SXDE 3XFO SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a z A Z AM AM A C C E E gm THAN TO mp M HEN wow MONO MN sym nym e NGN MAN MAN ween MAN EW Qu C NGANGA WEN INM mw MOM E ROT Mg ong quum Zen npo MG Yu ME um M OE gr SS e E X00 CS SEQUENCE X00 A Aw Bw C pw g ANT CERATI AGAIN MI TEEN MOM AQUINO ORDRES ML Sg ngn mma WANN nyu gn EI w n MANM MONN ANA SXDO XDE XF0 SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a z A ZW MAN MYE MAN yn Man onn R EVERS E NATIVE ZK 6583 GE French NRC to Multi CF CF IDENTITY MODI nju g Q am ipn rm Moun on go mmis gr nq mes wen WE oft EN a a man e an j a g nan u ar a wat e Ai au Aog Gn Aug ii X00 ZK 6584 GE A 5 National Character Set Definitions German CS I SEQUENCE X00 N O Zz A omen nm XDO XDE XF0 XFE XFF MODIFICATIONS nan WoW A nZ MAN MAN an non C nnn pn niona WENG nOn n n or gr ia U yw y MAM oman A n oman MAN un on C M M MANM E inn I f n M M IM O gn
42. ment NCS from an application program using the program interface that includes 10 callable NCS routines The callable routines permit you to access collating sequences and conversion functions stored as definition modules in an NCS library You can also use the NCS routines to save the definitions in a local library for subsequent use by comparison and conversion routines called from the application program For instructions on using the NCS routines see the OpenVMS Utility Routines Manual This manual provides information about how to use NCS interactively using the DIGITAL Command Language DCL interface for doing the following library operations Creating NCS libraries Inserting definition modules in NCS libraries Replacing definition modules in NCS libraries Extracting definitions from NCS library modules Deleting definition modules from NCS libraries e Other tasks associated with library operations including listing the library contents directing the output of the library and logging library activities By default DCL attempts to replace definition modules in the default NCS library with definitions from a specified source file That is if you specify no qualifiers DCL assumes you want to replace definition modules in the default NCS library If you specify no definition source file DCL prompts you for one as shown in the following example NCS 3 NCS Description NCS File Any other library activit
43. mya U ny y OE gr SS qa q lt x00 ini r 9 an AM AM nmn non non pn pn pa nin CS SEQUENCE X00 A A BM CM D g ngu ng MISTER gn N NM E or oue p g gw gw ngn nein nen Yn ngu ngu ngu jonon innen XFF XDO XDE XF0 XFE MODIFICATIONS a z REVERSE NATIVE T German_NRC_to_Multi CF _IDENTITY wan S A min mou yr gn gn nju nan p X00 CF MODI ZK 6586 GE AU NAT MURAK AU nan im ngn nyn monyen ZK 6585 GE Italian CS SEQUENCE X00 N NOS E nom AU K PN We LIE XDO SXDE XFO XFE XFF MODIFICATIONS Gab Moun TA MAU nan an AU ON very nu n oL nju nin IW nOn n n or gr ia gr yn Y n3n gn WAN waw_wan n un En to TOS wan_wan EM NINGA EL n non mem TOM o Mo myname UU yt YES E OE ngu TGS ca CM n X00 CS SEQUENCE X00 A nAn V T BASTONA pns NDW pM nnen EE nfn utn POR SUNT N E on nn wn WE Ar E EE nju ngu NE Yn AA E gr KS Nm nA XDO XDE XFO XFE XFF MODIFICATIONS a md AM Mou WAN NYU nan in pn H
44. n format descriptions brackets indicate optional elements You can choose one none or all of the options Brackets are not optional however in the syntax of a directory name in a VMS file specification or in the syntax of a substring specification in an assignment statement In format descriptions braces surround a required choice of options you must choose one of the options listed Boldface text represents the introduction of a new term or the name of an argument an attribute or a reason Boldface text is also used to show user input in online versions of the manual Italic text emphasizes important information indicates variables and indicates complete titles of manuals Italic text also represents information that can vary in system messages for example Internal error number command lines for example PRODUCE R name and command parameters in text U ppercase text indicates a command the name of a routine the name of a file or the abbreviation for a system privilege A hyphen in code examples indicates that additional arguments to the request are provided on the line that follows All numbers in text are assumed to be decimal unless otherwise noted Nondecimal radixes binary octal or hexadecimal are explicitly indicated Part Introduction to the National Character Set NCS Utility This part of the document introduces you to the National Character Set NCS Utility and provides details about
45. nd an existing collating sequence in the following format new collating sequence collating sequence conversion function 1 conversion function 2 NCS 8 NCS processes the conversion functions first going from right to left and then applies the collating sequence All processes are completed within a single pass Following is an example of using a sequential series of expressions to create a collating sequence MY COLLATING SEQUENCE CS CS NATIVE MULTI TO NODIACRITICALS MULTI TO UPPER The conversion functions convert uppercase letters to lowercase letters and strip the diacritical marks The result is then combined with the NATIVE collating NCS Description sequence to derive a collating sequence that behaves as though the input strings have been converted and then compared by their numeric value 1 5 1 3 Expression with Appended Collating Sequences You can create a collating sequence using an existing collating sequence and up to two appended collating sequences in the following format new collating sequence collating sequence 1 collating sequence 2 collating sequence 3 NCS processes the leftmost collating sequence in the first pass and proceeds to process each of the remaining collating sequences going from left to right using an individual pass for each You can indude conversion functions with each of the collating sequences using the asterisk operator in the following format new collating seq
46. npm Man ar on Wm n m V n m m yr m n Eat n sa an AGES a ren i WA i i Man MAN a so Gn Wett Mey X00 ZK 6595 GE Multi to German NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI S an A y nou w N U gr lw BAN TS on W Lr nij nt X00 ZK 6596 GE Multi to Italian NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI mon n2 wom ar wow nim ma m W I on Wh N m UE n m Mi i A non m WA QU sms x00 ZK 6597 GE A 9 National Character Set Definitions Multi to Lower CF CF IDENTITY MODI WaN_ugw tatem nan in Wawona Nuonyn AN X00 ZK 6598 GE Multi to NoDiacriticals CF CF IDENTITY MODI MAN MAN A Q C ngu mim won d Dow minonim z vn nn N O Gungu O g o vu un U y nyu man onam Wat gn NN M M MENM en njn ngu t MAN M M n o ngu Mn o ni wt y y gr AE yi E D OE M gr Ss ga ae ga oe nn X00 ZK 6599 GE Multi to Norwegian NRC CF CF IDENTITY MODI A ar wan J ngu gj NM DU wm ngu m pr Mg Hin g on X00 ZK 6
47. or example the following statement from the previous example may be coded using a literal string or a numeric string An e SXEB literal string Twen 8 represented as hexadecimal number Numeric strings are particularly appropriate when processing characters from either the ASCII subset or the EBCDIC subset 1 4 Bulilt In Collating Sequences and Conversion Functions NCS includes two built in definitions the NATIVE collating sequence and the IDENTITY conversion function You use the built in definitions as a basis for creating other collating sequences and conversion functions The built in definitions are distinguished by the leading underscore in their names Note that the built in collating sequence and the built in conversion function are not stored in the NCS library and cannot be modified The NATIVE collating sequence collates strings by ascending numeric value For collating purposes the null character NUL has the lowest value of all characters in the set NCS 7 NCS Description Following is an example of how you might use the NATIVE collating sequence to specify a collating sequence MY CS NATIVE MULTI TO NODIACRITICALS MULTI TO LOWER The IDENTITY conversion function reproduces each input string character as an output string character except for characters that are explicitly being modified Following is an example of using the IDENTITY conversion function MY CE CE GE
48. ormat of the specified library overriding the values assigned to the library when it was created See the listing under DESCRIPTION Description The COMPRESS qualifier effectively recovers disk space previously occupied by modules deleted from an NCS library by creating a more efficiently organized output library file If you do not explicitly specify a destination library NCS creates a new compressed version of the default NCS library When you compress an NCS library you can override various NCS default values for the size and format of the library using the following options BLOCKS n Specifies the number of 512 byte blocks to be allocated for the library By default NCS allocates 100 blocks for a new library HISTORY n Specifies the maximum number of library update history records that the library may maintain By default NCS sets the number at 20 KEYSIZE n Changes the maximum length of definition module names MODULES n Specifies the maximum number of modules in the NCS library Examples 1 NCS COMPRESS BLOCKS 200 LIBRARY USERDISK DOE LIB NLB This command compresses user DOE s local NCS library and simultaneously allocates two hundred 512 byte blocks for it 2 NCS COMPRESS KEYSIZE 35 MODULES 40 LIBRARY USERDISK DOE LIB NLB This command compresses user DOE s local NCS library and specifies a maximum key size of 35 bytes together with a maximum of 40 definition modules NCS 24 NCS Qualifiers
49. owercase characters where the source string is a range of hexadecimal numbers representing uppercase alphabetic characters and the destination string is a range of hexadecimal numbers representing lowercase alphabetic characters Note that the equal sign is always the sign of operation for conversion function MODIFICATIONS keyword clauses The various formats for the collating seguence MODIFICATIONS keyword clause are listed in Table NCS 2 Table NCS 2 Formats for Collating Sequence MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clauses Format Interpretation string string left string collates as right string range string left range collates as right string range range left range collates as right range string gt string left string collates just greater than right string range gt string left range collates just greater than right string range gt range left range collates just greater than right range string lt string left string collates just less than right string range lt string left range collates just less than right string range lt range left range collates just less than right range You can specify a range of values in a keyword clause using the following format string1 string2 The following example shows how to assign the left string the same collating value as the right string CS NATIVE MULTI TO NODIACRITICALS MULTI TO UPPER MODIFICATIONS XDF SS NCS Description The MODIFICATIONS keyword clause in t
50. pecify the modules to be extracted 1 NCS EXTRACT CHANGECASE MACRO MY This command extracts the definition CHANGECASE from the default NCS library and converts it to MACRO format before storing it in the file MY MAR 2 NCS EXTRACT CHANGECASE UPPER TO LOWER OUTPUT MY This command extracts two definitions from the default NCS library and stores them in the definition file MY NCS NCS Qualifiers FORMAT FORMAT Format Specifies the MACRO format appropriate to your program FORMAT NCS 256 Qualifier Values Description Examples NCS MACRO 32 format for NCS routines 256 MACRO 32 format for the Run Time Library routine LIB MOVTC Use the FORMAT qualifier with the MACRO qualifier to specify the appropriate MACRO 32 file format You may select one of two format options either NCS the default or 256 If you select the NCS format NCS formats the collating sequence and string conversion tables or both for use by the NCS routines If you select the 256 format NCS formats the collating sequence and string conversion tables or both as 256 byte tables that can be used by the Run Time Library routine LIB MOVTC For more information see the OpenVMS RTL Library LIB Manual 1 NCS EXTRACT UP DOWN MACRO MY FORMAT 256 This command extracts the definition UP_DOWN from the default NCS library and converts it to the 256 byte table format before including it in the file MY MAR 2 NCS EXTRAC
51. r to read NCS 17 Part NCS Command and Command Qualifiers This part of the document describes the NCS command and its qualifiers NCS Usage Summary The NCS command invokes the National Character Set NCS Utility which performs NCS library functions specified by NCS qualifiers By default NCS tries to replace the definition modules in the default NCS library with the definitions in the specified input file All other NCS library functions require explicit command qualifiers PARAMETER NCS input filespec Parameter input filespec Where applicable specifies the name of one or more input files containing definitions that NCS is to use to perform the action specified by the command qualifier By default NCS attempts to replace modules in the default NCS library with definitions in the input file You must specify an input file when you want to either replace or insert a module in the specified NCS library Specifying an input file is optional when you want to create a new library If you specify several input files you must separate them with commas The default file type for input files is NCS usage summary Invoke the NCS Utility by entering the DCL command NCS The NCS Utility exits when the specified command operations are completed If you use the LIST qualifier you can direct output to a specified file If you do not specify a file the output is directed to SYS OUTPUT NCS 21 NCS Usage Summa
52. r to specify whether or not you want NCS to confirm the result of a specified operation such as a replacement insertion or deletion By default NCS does not confirm operations Example NCS DELETE TJL RRR LOG This command directs NCS to delete the definitions TJ L and RRR in the default NCS library After deleting the definitions NCS issues the following messages NCS S DELETED module TJL deleted NCS S DELETED module RRR deleted NCS 35 NCS Qualifiers MACRO MACRO Format Specifies that the extracted definition table is coded in MACRO 32 MACRO filespec Qualifier Value Description Examples PSECT LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO LO 000008 00 C2 LONG LONG LONG LONG LONG LONG LONG END NCS 36 filespec The file specification for the destination MACRO file Use the MACRO qualifier with the EXTRACT qualifier if you want to retrieve a definition module from the NCS library convert the definition to VAX MACRO format and then output the VAX MACRO formatted definition to the specified destination file Note that each collating sequence and conversion function bears a global label that you can use to pass the address of the definition to an NCS routine You must indude the destination file specification with the MACRO qualifier You cannot use wildcard characters to specify the destination file The default value for MACRO 22 files generated by the
53. ry NCS Command Qualifiers You may use one qualifier no qualifiers or several qualifiers with the NCS command depending on the library functions you want to perform Most of the qualifiers are compatible with one another and some require that you enter a related qualifier to do a specific task Table NCS 3 lists qualifiers that require a related qualifier and qualifiers that are incompatible Table NCS 3 NCS Command Qualifier Relationships Qualifier Related Qualifiers Incompatible Qualifiers BEFORE LIST COMPRESS OUTPUT LIBRARY CREATE EXTRACT CREATE LIBRARY COMPRESS EXTRACT DATA COMPRESS CREATE EXTRACT INSERT REPLACE DELETE LIBRARY CREATE EXTRACT EXTRACT LIBRARY MACRO OUTPUT COMPRESS CREATE DELETE FORMAT MACRO FULL LIST HISTORY ILIST INSERT LIBRARY EXTRACT LIBRARY COMPRESS CREATE DELETE EXTRACT INSERT LIST REPLACE LIST BEFORE FULL HISTORY EXTRACT LIBRARY ONLY SINCE LOG CREATE DELETE EXTRACT INSERT REPLACE ONLY LIST OUTPUT EXTRACT DELETE REPLACE LIBRARY EXTRACT SINCE LIST 1The CREATE INSERT and REPLACE qualifiers are compatible but CREATE takes precedence The related qualifiers for CREATE are applicable only if you enter one or more input files 2This qualifier is meaningful only when used with the LIST qualifier 3This qualifier is meaningful only when used with the MACRO qualifier NCS 22 NCS Q
54. sion of the default NCS library Note that access to libraries in data reduced format is generally slower than libraries in data expanded format If the spedfied NCS library is in reduced form use the EXPAND option to create a new expanded standard version of the library If you do not use the LIBRARY qualifier to specify a library NCS creates a new expanded version of the default NCS library Note that access to libraries in data expanded standard format is generally faster than libraries in data reduced format 1 NCS DATA REDUCE This command maximizes the space efficiency of the default NCS library 2 NCS DATA EXPAND SYSSLIBRARY NCSSLIBRARY This command reduces the access time to and space efficiency of the default NCS library NCS Qualifiers DELETE DELETE Deletes one or more definition modules from the NCS library Format DELETE modulef Qualifier Value module The name of the module to be deleted Description The DELETE qualifier deletes the specified definition module or modules from an NCS library If you specify several modules separate the definition names with commas and enclose the list in parentheses You may use the standard VMS wildcard characters to specify the modules to be deleted If you use this qualifier with the LIST qualifier NCS deletes the module before it lists the contents of the library Therefore the deleted definitions do not appear in the output listing Examp
55. sponding definition from the input file MY DEFS NCS NCS Qualifiers SINCE SINCE Format Limits a library output listing to definitions inserted after the specified date and time The most recent definitions are listed first and are in alphabetical order SINCE time Qualifier Value Description Examples time The time and date where applicable that NCS uses as the reference point to begin accumulating the appropriate list of modules Use the SINCE qualifier with the LIST qualifier to list only modules inserted into the library after the specified time and date where applicable You can specify an absolute time or a combination of absolute and delta times For details on specifying times see the OpenVMS DCL Dictionary If you omit the SINCE qualifier NCS lists all the modules in the library unless you use a different limiting qualifier BEFORE or ONLY If you specify the SINCE qualifier without a time or date NCS lists only the modules inserted today 1 NCS LIST SINCE 31 DEC 1988 10 00 This command directs NCS to list only modules inserted in the default NCS library after 10 a m on December 31 1988 2 NCS LIST SINCE This command directs NCS to list only modules inserted in the default NCS library today NCS 41 A National Character Set Definitions This appendix lists the contents of the default NCS library NCS LIBRARY The library indudes 13 collating sequences and 24 conversion f
56. ted two definition modules from the NCS library this command would produce a listing that indudes the following line JONES deleted 2 modules on 31 DEC 1988 16 26 36 2 NCS LIST HISTORY FULL Making the same assumptions as in the previous example this command would produce a listing that includes the names of the deleted modules JONES deleted 2 modules on 31 DEC 1988 16 26 36 CHANGECASE UPCASE NCS 31 NCS Qualifiers INSERT INSERT Adds one or more definition modules to an NCS library Format INSERT filename Parameters None Description Use the INSERT qualifier to add one or more definition modules to an NCS library from an input file If the input file contains more than one definition NCS creates a separate entry in the library for each Before NCS inserts a definition into an existing NCS library it verifies that the library does not already contain a definition module having the same name If NCS finds a definition module with the same name it does not add the new definition module to the library but it does provide an appropriate error message Examples NCS 32 l1 NCS INSERT MY DEFS This command directs NCS to insert each of the definitions from input file MY DEFS NCS intothe NCS library 2 NCS INSERT LIST HISTORY FULL MY DEFS This command directs NCS to insert the definitions from input file MY _ DEFS NCS into the NCS library then NCS lists the history of each definition module in the library
57. ted uppercase character NCS 13 NCS Description 1 6 1 3 IDENT Keyword Clause The IDENT keyword clause is a special purpose keyword clause that permits you to assign a version number to the collating sequence The following example illustrates using the IDENT keyword to assign Version 1 0 to the Spanish collating sequence SPANISH CS IDENT V1 0 CS MULTINATIONAL 1 6 1 4 MODIFICATIONS Keyword Clause The MODIFICATIONS keyword clause is typically used with the built in collating sequence _NATIVE to derive a modified version of the collating sequence In the following example the new collating sequence MULTINATIONAL_1 applies two conversion functions MULTI TO NODIACRITICALS and MULTI_ TO UPPER to the input strings Then the collating sequence uses a modified version of the built in collating sequence NATIVE as the basis for comparing the strings The first group of modifications assigns collating weights to the listed special characters For example the uppercase N tilde character N is assigned the same collating weight as the alphabetic character N The second group of modifications gives each lowercase character the same collating weight as the associated uppercase character MULTINATIONAL 1 CS CS NATIVE MULTI TO NODIACRITICALS MULTI TO UPPER MODIFICATIONS I Special characters l XC6 gt MAN AE diphthong XD8 gt XC6 O with slash XC5 gt XD8 A with ring xXDl
58. tions OpenVMS DCL Dictionary OpenVMS Programming Concepts Manual OpenVMS User s Manual OpenVMS Command Definition Librarian and Message Utilities Manual In this manual every use of VMS means both the OpenVMS AXP and the OpenVMS VAX operating system The following conventions are used in this manual Ctrl x A sequence such as Ctrl x indicates that you must hold down the key labeled Ctrl while you press another key or a pointing device button PF1x A sequence such as PF 1 x indicates that you must first press and release the key labeled PF1 then press and release another key or a pointing device button Return boldface text italic text UPPERCASE TEXT numbers vi In examples a key name enclosed in a box indicates that you press a key on the keyboard In text a key name is not enclosed in a box A horizontal ellipsis in examples indicates one of the following possibilities Additional optional arguments in a statement have been omitted The preceding item or items can be repeated one or more times Additional parameters values or other information can be entered A vertical ellipsis indicates the omission of items from a code example or command format the items are omitted because they are not important to the topic being discussed In format descriptions parentheses indicate that if you choose more than one option you must enclose the choices in parentheses I
59. ualifier Disk space recovering See COMPRESS qualifier E EXPAND keyword for DATA qualifier NCS 26 EXTRACT qualifier for extracting definition modules from NCS library NCS 28 F File type default for input files NCS 21 FORMAT qualifier NCS 29 FULL qualifier NCS 30 used with the LIST and HISTORY qualifiers NCS 31 G Global label use with NCS routines NCS 36 H HISTORY qualifier used to limit listing output NCS 31 Index 2 IDENT keyword using to identify conversion function NCS 13 NCS 15 Input files default file type for NCS 21 specifying for NCS command NCS 21 INSERT qualifier NCS 32 K 256 keyword for FORMAT qualifier NCS 29 Keyword dause types used in collating sequence expression NCS 12 types used in conversion function expressions NCS 14 Keywords for FORMAT qualifier NCS 29 L LIBRARY qualifier NCS 33 LIST qualifier default output destination NCS 34 for obtaining listing of NCS library NCS 34 information provided by NCS 34 specifying output file NCS 34 used with BEFORE qualifier NCS 23 used with FULL qualifier NCS 30 used with HISTORY qualifier NCS 31 used with ONLY qualifier NCS 38 used with other qualifiers NCS 34 used with SINCE qualifier NCS 41 Listing obtaining See LIST qualifier LOG qualifier for verifying NCS library operations NCS 35 MACRO qualifier NCS 36 MACRO 32 file format from NCS library See FORMAT qualifier MACRO
60. ualifiers BEFORE BEFORE Lists only the modules inserted in the library before the specified time Format BEFORE time Qualifier Value time The time and date where applicable that NCS uses as the reference cutoff point for accumulating the appropriate list of modules Description When you use the LIST qualifier NCS lists all the definitions in the NCS library by default However you can usethe BEFORE qualifier with the LIST qualifier to list only definitions created before a specified time and date where applicable You may specify an absolute time or a combination of absolute time and delta time For details on specifying times see the OpenVMS DCL Dictionary If you use the BEFORE qualifier without specifying the time the output list indudes all definitions in the library created before today Examples 1 NCS LIST BEFORE 31 DEC 1988 13 30 This command lists all definition modules inserted in the default NCS library before 1 30 p m on December 31 1988 2 NCS LIST BEFORE 31 DEC 1988 09 00 LIBRARY USERDISK DOE LIB NLB This command lists all definition modules inserted in user DOE s local NCS library LIB NLB before 9 00 a m on December 31 1988 NCS 23 NCS Qualifiers COMPRESS COMPRESS Recovers disk space previously occupied by deleted definition modules Format COMPRESS option Qualifier Value option A set of options that permits you to change the size or f
61. uence collating sequence 1 conversion a conversion b Although there is no limitation on the number of conversion functions you can use with each collating sequence you should try to minimize the complexity of the expression by limiting the number of conversion functions In a complex expression having several collating sequences with associated conversion functions NCS applies conversion functions only to the related collating sequence When NCS detects a distinction between the two strings being compared the comparison function terminates Following is an example of creating a collating sequence using an existing collating sequence with an appended collating sequence MY COLLATING SEQUENCE CS CS MULTINATIONAL 1 MULTINATIONAL 2 UPCASE NODIACRITICALS 1 5 1 4 Modified Collating Sequence You can create a collating sequence from a modified collating sequence using keyword clauses in the following format new collating sequence CS keyword clause keyword clause The expression begins with a definition identifier CS followed by several keyword clauses enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas The first keyword clause identifies the collating sequence that serves as a basis for the new collating sequence and the second keyword clause lists the appropriate modificati ons Following is an example of an expression that uses keyword clauses to create a new collating sequence by modifying an existing col
62. unctions Danish CS SEQUENCE 9X00 N o z K ngu A A EAS cape ss XD0 SXDE SXFO XFE XFF MODIFICATIONS a z A Z MAN MAM A E K C C DR Rn ER MIA IN MONGUON Lectt c dugM NOM MUS eO mpm n un yw MAN MAN WA ngungun MAN MAN A C E OS UN SE WOW OM MON GO ASIA SO GUA me Yo MES OR WW WS SI er lt X00 081 SEQUENCE X00 A B c D E AN ITA AM A Cm IO EEN piangi atom S ngn A A 23XDO XDE XFO XFE 3XFF MODIFICATIONS a z A g n n y MAN Mi ngunu efe nye REVERSE _NATIVE ZK 6574 GE Danish NRC to Multi CF CF _ IDEN wan AN ma nar in wae vei ent when TITY MODE AU E gn MA AJI nan a g nan X00 ZK 6575 GE National Character Set Definitions Dutch CS f SEQUENCE X00 N N O Z jg Qm M a MZ n SXDE XFO SXFE SXFF MODIFICATIONS a z DAS nan an an man cn n un pn funn NEN n m nn O gr ia D Y nyu Man oman A n Hee ATE c G n MENM E nju ngu WI MMS Wm n ngu MO g gn ON mo y ny Syn MGW a NOE NW SS Mga SE CMN C X00
63. using VAX DOCUMENT Version 2 1 Contents Preface eun das a rra ERE ERE E A erecta h oat din le dr v Part Introduction to the National Character Set NCS Utility NGS Description e vitrinas NCS 3 1 How to Build an NCS Definition File NCS 4 1 1 Naming NCS Definition Files NCS 4 1 2 Structuring a Definition File NCS 4 1 3 NotationGuidelines NCS 6 1 4 Built In Collating Sequences and Conversion Functions NCS 7 1 5 Definition Expressions NCS 8 1 5 1 Collating Sequence Expressions NCS 8 1 5 1 1 Definition Name NCS 8 1 5 1 2 Sequential Series of Expressions NCS 8 1 5 1 3 Expression with Appended Collating Sequences NCS 9 1 5 1 4 Modified Collating Sequence NCS 9 1 5 1 5 Reversed CollatingSeguence NCS 9 1 5 1 6 Reordered Collating Sequence NCS 10 1 5 2 Collating Strings with Pad Characters NCS 10 1 5 8 Conversion Function Expressions NCS 10 1 5 3 1 Definition Name NCS 10 1 5 3 2 Sequential Series of Conversions NCS 11 1 5 3 3 Modified Conversion Function o NCS 11 1 5 3 4 Inverte
64. y requires you to use one or more command qualifiers You may designate any NCS library as the object of a command by assigning it the logical name NCS LIBRARY The rest of Part provides instructions for building NCS definition files 1 How to Build an NCS Definition File The following subsections describe the language syntax you must use when building NCS collating sequence definitions and NCS conversion function definitions You can use any standard text editor to build definition files All definition files have the following characteristics Include one or more definitions lt Have no restriction on including a mix of collating sequence definitions and conversion function definitions in a single definition file Usethefile type NCS e Have comments delimited by an exclamation point Donot permit line continuation for comments 1 4 Naming NCS Definition Files Each definition file should begin with a name that describes its contents For example if you want to convert strings of multinational characters to lowercase use a name like MULTI TO LOWER You can name NCS definition files using up to 31 characters induding the letters A through Z and a through z the numbers O through 9 the dollar sign and the underscore character _ Note that spaces are not allowed and that you may use either uppercase or lowercase letters when formulating definition names 1 2 Structuring a Definition File NCS 4 Each def

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