Initial Radiation Safety Training
Contents
1. WASHINGTON DC RAM Use Surveying As you work survey your gloves to detect any contamination The meter must always be on when working with RAM if detectable When work is finished benches clothing floors and other equipment should be surveyed to detect any contamination Move the detector slowly Contamination 2X background meter 150 com wipe test THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC RAM Use Contamination e No contamination should be present OUTSIDE of rad use areas If contamination is discovered it should be cleaned up immediately If you suspect contamination with H3 where meter detection is not feasible do wipe tests to survey S35 amp C14 may need wipe tests if low activity lt gt nij THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC RAM Use Contamination Contamination INSIDE work areas should be avoided if discovered clean as soon as work is complete contaminated bench paper goes in DSM omall amounts of contamination may persist in work areas due to residual in equipment and may be unavoidable but must be below following levels when measured at the edge of the bench For 1125 and Cr51 using a 44 3 meter 15000 cpm For all other isotopes using a GM meter 1500 cpm Dose limit for whole body is 0 5 mRem hr The above count rates are designed to keep doses well under this level THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSIT2. before each use by holding the probe against the check source It should closely match calibration number on sticker A properly working GM meter has a background count rate of about 40 com If itis not working contact OLS THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Wipe Surveys The only way to determine if contamination is removable or fixed Use 2 5 cm filter disc for LSC counting Cover a 100 cm of surface e Limits are based on 100 cm Only way to detect H THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC AU RADIATION SAFETY SURVEY SURVEY DAT E Monthly Surveys Authorized User Doe Sumea o p LIN RAM Used in Last 30 d and Since Previous Survey Yas 7 Mo In Isotopes Used 3H 14 P SoS 1251 SER b Other Authorized Laboratory Room Numbers FO5b Dixjram orzamey Ae as e A documented survey must be done each month when RAM was used with a meter and LSC swipes e abs not using that month still must fill out a survey form Bk gd cpm A m C D E ul c 3 m m m a m lu a a n Y Hur dj LABPRALCTICES Each ORK amp urwewlhdeter Wakedlodel Rat secure tom all routes af access Humber RA 5 n on RAM areas cleany separated Ho trace or sign of food drink or tobacco hake Beckman Assigned dosimetry wu orn stared propery il Gloves and lab coats wom property Serial Humb Survey proce dure amp
3. isotope use before leaving the workplace Use isotopes in a hood unless benchwork is approved for the isotope activity and protocol used Use isotopes on a tray or on any impervious surface for a few ml cover it with absorbent paper When using isotopes survey the area whenever contamination is suspected always survey at least daily unless weekly survey is approved for the isotope and activity used Clean up any hot spots For external radiation utilize time distance and shielding to reduce exposure whenever possible Wear your radiation badge around radiation amp ring if using isotopes store these in office areas Dispose solid radwaste in an approved radwaste container in one labeled with the isotope Dispose bulk liquid radwaste in the hot sink nonflammable true solutions lt monthly limits Record promptly all receipts all dispensing for use and all disposals and transfers of isotopes Each isotope transfer to or from another GWU user or off campus requires RSO approval Label all isotopes as required except containers attended or posted deface labels upon disposal Lock all isotope storage areas freezers etc whenever possible and always at the end oftheday Alwayslockthe doors of any isotope lab at the end of each day and whenever leaving a lab when isotopes are in use or unlocked Report any lost stock Report all isotope ingestion spills and losses to your supervisor and to the Radiation Safet
4. that is contaminated take measures for modesty if someone must disrobe 3 Start washing area 4 Complete a GWU incident form and submit it to MC safety Medical treatment is available if necessary THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Decontamination y To decontaminate skin bec a 1 Ifa large area wash with mild Soap and water right in the sink 2 If only a small area use a wet pf towel and mild soap to start A W a decontaminating 3 Check towel with meter 4 Avoid spreading the contamination to other areas THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Decontamination Don t scrub contaminated area Your skin turning red is a way of letting you know to stop DO NOT USE ANYTHING EXCEPT MILD SOAP THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Emergency Contacts Office of Laboratory Safety 4 8258 Also check NRC Notice to Employees posted in the radiation use and storage areas THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY More Information Refer to the NRC REGULATORY GUIDE 8 29 on Instruction Concerning Risks from Occupational Radiation Exposure and NRC REGULATORY GUIDE 8 13 on Instruction Concerning Prenatal Radiation Exposure These documents are available from the Office of Laboratory safety call 202 994 2630 The OLS will provide confidential advice to those who are pregnant A pregnant person need not declare their
5. IN COLD TRASH NORMAL TRASH OR IN MEDICAL WASTE WHEN NEEDED IN A BAG WITH ABSORBENT LOG THE DATA OF EACH DISPOSAL BELOW RADIATION SAFETY WILL RETAIN THIS LOG ROOM 699 AUTHORIZED USER Tones Total Person Making ti Anti ue Ve Disposal Please print name DL IDEM PEL H 3 C 14 H 3 C 14 H 3 C 14 H 3 C 14 H 3 C 14 H 3 C 14 H 3 C 14 H 3 C 14 Date Sheet Collected Approved by Date HR12 2 Revised 1 12 07 These records must be maintained until the license is terminated THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Hot Sink Sign NOTICE 1 Maintenance Personnel Contact the Office of Radiation Safety Before Working on Drain Piping 3 Disposals May Be Made Only in Conjunction With Projects Approved By Campus Radiological Health Authorities 4 For Further Information Contact The Office of Radiation Safety at e 2 Written Records of All Sewer Disposals of Radioactive Material Are Required BY LAW Record date quantity in microcuries and radionuclide for each disposal THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC RAM Use Work Areas RAM is only to be used in designated use areas mark with radiation tape and use plastic backed absorbent paper Any equipment where RAM is used or stored must be labeled le hoods refrigerators centrifuges etc THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
6. In the cells e lonizing radiation may cause damage directly to the nucleus or any other part of the cell he interaction may cause physical damage chemical damage or both to occur to the cell THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Possible Results of Radiation Dose to Cells Cells are not damaged Cells repair the damage and operate normally e Cells are damaged and operate abnormally e Cells die as a result of the damage THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Factors Affecting Biological Damage Dose Rate Total Dose Energy of radiation e Area of the body exposed e Cell sensitivity Individual sensitivity THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Cell Sensitivity e Radiation damage to cells depends on how sensitive the cells are to radiation e Cells that are actively dividing are more sensitive to environmental factors such as ionizing radiation Examples Blood forming cells intestinal lining hair follicles embryo fetus e Cells which divide at a less rapid pace or are more specialized are not as sensitive to damage by ionizing radiation Examples Brain cells muscle cells nerve cells THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Acute and Chronic Radiation Dose e Potential biological effects of radiation depend on several factors e How much and how fast a radiation dose is received are two of them e Radi
7. ON UNIVERSITY License GWU is licensed to use radioactive material RAM by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC Our license is a Broad Scope License and allows us to use a wide range of isotopes within activity limits providing that we conduct our Radiation Safety program in accordance with our license application as Submitted to the NRC as well as comply with Federal regulations Some important elements of the program are Radiation Safety Officer Training with examination RSO Document RAM use and Radiation Safety waste Committee RSC Security of RAM Authorized User AU Conduct periodic surveys THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Authorization e Authorized Users approved by the Radiation Safety Committee RSC e Only AUs or those under them can use RAM AU principal investigator with the responsibility for ensuring that his her workers follow procedures e Each AU authorization is specific for each isotope activity limits on hand and annual rooms for use e All users of RAM must be trained and pass an examination as well as demonstrate competence in handling RAM e Authorizations are renewed by the AU and approved by the RSO annually and include a physical inventory of RAM on hand THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Authorization cont e Only rooms on the authorization can have RAM storage or use These rooms must have Placard in hal
8. SITY WASHINGTON DC ISOTOPE RECEIPT and UTILIZATION LOG AU X2zerms Pkg 2 9 5 Supplier fe Ain Elmvr Cat Boy 12d f L0 mCi of 27 Received on gross mrem l meter dg Lu 25 per hour Detector TRO H Bkgd Ss cox gross cpm Outside 48 Inside per 300 cm Detector se c Bkgd Chem bio Hazard Je RSO Tech 4bS DATE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ACTIVITY STORAGE T STAFF REC D mCi USED mCi LEFT mCi PLACE INITIALS Locken Halon 10 him 4 14 Fag bt es o T Y IR IRC TIA AAA rene 7 a pop f vs iw _ Al op S A o op ee ee pop pp jfve mwjp Al ves to ves No MM DENSE Comments This form must be retained for three years after the last date recorded on the form HN2 3 Rev 05 15 96 THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Waste Dry Solid Material DSM Segregate by isotope in separate boxes hat box labeled correctly All waste added is entered on the DSM log on waste box Call for pickup when full or 1 yr NO STOCK VIALS even if empty NO LIQUIDS NO HAZ MAT ie lead mercury chemicals NO SHARPS OR BIOWASTE NO FOOD THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Waste Liquid radioactive waste non hazardous waste eLiquid waste disposed of in a designated Hot Sink which must be marked with rad tape and have a sign posted eRun large amounts of water before durin
9. THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Radiation Safety Training Presented by the Office of Laboratory Safety Email Labsafety qwu edu Tel 202 994 8258 A safe healthful and secure Training Topics Radiation Basics Biological Effects of Radiation Radiation Detection GWU Radiation Safety THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Chapter 1 Radiation Basics The Atom Electron Negatively Charged Proton Neutron Positive Charge No Charge Nucleus THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Unstable Atoms Decay URBRHHIUH 238 U23 RADIOACTIVE DECAY type of radiation The number of decays that occur per unit time in the radioactive material tell us how radioactive it is When an unstable atom decays it transforms into another atom and releases its excess energy in the form of radiation Sometimes the new atom is also unstable creating a decay chain Z 0 TD m 2 z F 2 Dm go DDR nuclide uranium z3g amp thorium z34 protactinium 224m uranium z34d t thorium 0 rodium 22b e radon 222 polonium zis8 lead 214 B bismuth 214 Imm polonium zi4 lead zi 3 bismuth 210 il polonium 21n 36 lead 206 THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC lonization lonization is the process of removing electrons from a neutral atom ejected
10. TON DC Authorization Renewals annually you will be sent a renewal form to correct sign and return to OLS substantial changes to an authorization such as room change new isotope on hand limit etc will need an amendment form on the website New users Study user manual amp Perkin Elmer guide Complete new user dose eval form e Attend training exam Wed 10 00 Almost everything you need is on the OLS website THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY On WASHINGTON DC LAB SAFETY SEARCH Lab Safety v Safety v Rel GW Links gt Info For gt the Web You are here Home Safety Programs ABOUT US SAFETY PROGRAMS B osafety Laser Safety Nanotechnology Safety Radiation Safety Radiation Safety Committee Disposal of Radioactive Materia Important Safety Resources POLICIES amp REGULATIONS TRAINING NEWS EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CONTACT US OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT FOR RESEARCH SN k Radiation Safety Radiation Safety Committee Radiation Safety Committee MT 1 FOR TRAINING to work with RAM you must submit an application to become g forms to the Radiation Safety Officer at least three month proper review lab setup and scheduling of a New Authorized User Application DOC Protocol Submission Form DOC Radiation Laboratory Commissioning Form DOC Authorization Amendment For
11. Y WASHINGTON DC RAM Use Clean Up e Contamination should be cleaned with bubbling spray such as Count Off or Dow cleaner and paper towels e Clean small areas at a time to avoid spreading any contamination e he area should be surveyed until no removable contamination is detected and discarded in DSM e For more than incidental contamination contact Radiation Safety for assistance and inform your AU Mistakes will happen but please get help ME GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC afe Lab Practices No eating drinking chewing gum etc in Rad labs small amount at desk is OK Never store food in rad storage areas le fridges e Wash your hands promptly after handling any radioactive material Wear prescribed dosimeters Dosimetry will not be prescribed when using tritium 4 CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL 4 4 A UJ Un LABORATORY SAFETY PRACTICES Never eat drink smoke efc and never pipette by mouth in isotope use areas Never store isotopes with food or drink or cups etc incompatible items or bulk flammables Never leave items related to food etc in any isotope work area e g in any waste receptacle A laboratory coat and gloves latex etc should be worn when using isotopes button the coat Wash your hands promptly after isotope use before eating and before leaving the lab Hands shoes and clothing should be surveyed after
12. adiation Cathode Air or Other Gas THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Selection of Proper Radiation Detection Instrumentation selection of radiation detection equipment is based on several factors The type of radiation to be detected and measured The energy range of the radiation to be detected The intensity or amount of radiation to be measured The environmental conditions of the area Special features that may be needed e g soeaker and or headset extended handle lead shielded probe remote readout etc THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSIT WASHINGTON DC Instrument Makes and Models THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Instrument Use Instruments shall be calibrated to known national standards NIST at a minimum of annually Prior to Use Perform a battery check of the instrument Perform a calibration check check date on sticker is current Perform a physical check for damage Perform a response check in a known radiation field Source Check THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Chapter 4 GWU Radiation Safety Radiation Exposure and Doses e Small quantities of radioactive materials are used at GWU e Only very small radiation doses are expected for the users of radiation radioactive material No doses are expected for any other personnel No biological effects are expected at these low dose levels THE GEORGE WASHINGT
13. al effects of radiation e 1 R Roentgen 1000 milliroentgen mR Cathode e 1 mH 1000 micro roentgen uR Air or Other Gas THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Units of Measure rad Radiation Absorbed Dose Unit for measuring absorbed dose in any material Defined for any material Applies to all types of radiation Does not take into account the potential effect that different types of radiation have on the body 1 Rad 2 1000 milli rad mrad 1 mRad 1000 micro rad urad THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Units of Measure rem Roentgen Equivalent Man Unit for measuring dose equivalence e Most commonly used unit Pertains to man refers to the amount of biological damage produced by radiation e Takes into account the energy absorbed dose and the biological effect on the body due to the different types of radiation 1rem 1000 mrem milli rem e mrem 1000 urem micro rem THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Background Radiation We are constantly exposed to low levels of radiation from outer space earth and the healing arts Low levels of naturally occurring radioactive material are in our environment the food we eat and in many consumer products some consumer products also contain small amounts of man made radioactive material Smoke Detector THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Background Radia
14. ation doses can be grouped into two categories THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Acute Doses Acute doses are large doses of radiation received in a short period of time The body can t repair or replace cells fast enough from an acute dose and physical effects such as reduced blood count and hair loss may occur Death can occur if the exposure Is high enough Red Blood Cell THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Chronic Radiation Dose e Chronic radiation dose is typically a of radiation received over a e Typical examples of a chronic dose are The dose we receive from natural background e e The dose we receive from occupational exposure e THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Effects of Acute Exposures 5000 rem Death within 2 3 days 1000 rem Gastrointestinal system damage 450 rem LD 50 30 50 will die in 30 days without treatment 100 200 rem Radiation Sickness 10 25 rem Slight blood changes 5 rem Federal annual whole body dose limit THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Somatic Effects Somatic effects are effects that occur in the exposed individual An example of a somatic effects Cancer Tumor Cataracts THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IASHINGTON DC Potential Prenatal Hazards some children who were exposed while in the womb to the radiation from the atomic bomb were born with low birth
15. electron negative ion MM QA incoming _ TY lonizing radiation e remaining atom positive ion The positively charged atom and the negatively charged electron are called an ion pair THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WAS Non lonizing Radiation Radiation that doesn t have the amount of energy needed to ionize an atom x 5 nee C Examples of non ionizing radiation are radar waves cellular phones microwaves and visible light um THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY lonizing Radiation Radiation which carries enough energy to cause ionization in the atoms with which it interacts e Particulate Radiation Electromagnetic Waves CQ Alpha Particle X X Ray D Beta Particle n Gamma Ra Neutron Particle V y THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY What is a Dose of Radiation When radiation s energy is deposited into our body s tissues we receive a dose of radiation e Rem is a unit of measure for radiation dose e Small doses are expressed in mrem or urem e Rad amp Roentgens are similar units that are often equated to the rem THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Units of Measure Roentgen R e Is a unit for measuring exposure Radiation Detection Gas Filled Detectors BA Electrical Current Measuring Device Defined only for ionization in air Voltage Source Applies only to gamma and x rays Notrelated to biologic
16. g and after release eDon t splash No contamination on bench around sink Limit contamination in basin eEstimate activity and record on the Hot Sink disposal log Logs will be picked up periodically eMust not exceed monthly disposal limits per isotope eMust be sewer disposable no hazardous waste pH 5 9 eNo liquid disposed direct from stock vial THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC secondary Containment for ALL Radioactive Liquids i i ig im I i en ee t L Y PP a BE 4 m i Lu j c Le H pw y 32 THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Waste Stock vials eTo dispose of a stock vial call Radiation Safety We will collect the vial sign utilization log and give you a copy eDo not discard vials in dry waste or pour in hot sink Scintillation vials eH3 C14 If 50 000 cpm discard in cold trash waste Update exempt vial disposal log eAll other hot vials must be placed upright in trays and labeled Caution Radioactive Material isotope and estimate activity Call for pickup e Never discard vials with DSM waste THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC DISPOSAL LOG P t t Ger 3H and 14C Only Liquid Scintillation Vials Onl AFTER REMOVAL OF ALL RADIOACTIVE LABELING VIALS CONTAINING BIODEGRADABLE LIQUID SCINTILLANTS WITH 111 000 dpm per g of media or less of H 3 and C 14 ONLY MAY BE PUT
17. l Caution sign on lab door e AU programs must have means to conduct contamination surveys e AUs must maintain the radiation binder which contains at minimum AU guide Utilization logs Protocols Reg guide 8 29 and 8 13 THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Hall Placard George Washington University Laboratory Hazard Information Sheet Room Department Principal Investigator BioSafety Level _ Lab Phone 24 Hour Emergency Contact Information Home DENT 3 Pager Routine Access Infor mation Housekeeping and Support Services may enter t clean floors and empty trash only Housekeeping and Support Services may enter the lab only when escorted NO ROUTINE ACCESS SPECIFIC HAZARD REACTIVITY Pers ve Equipment d LAD CUAI GLASSES Oo Q GLOVES COVERALI Special Hazards Ac Ac IRRITANT FLAMMABLE Ao Aa CORROSIVE OXIDIZER AD A RADIATION l OXK 3 8C BIOHAZARD CARCINOGEN Mo M MUTAGEN TERATOGEN rit 2 Er rnor hMAananaor CUu y amp cmergenocy Via Ut ted in Ross Hall Suite WEB www gwumc edu research labsafety htm nt is responsible for all University research laboratory A CIL LIV io 2 FAX 42522 EMA safety awume M is on call 24x7 to respond to emergen Employees a are entitled to Material Safety Data Sheets MSDS or other information on suspect hazards THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHING
18. m DOC Jnce we receive training and exam For guidan ce with the forms or if you have any questions pleas contact us Lab Safety Office of the Vice President for Research 2300 Eye S R 3 Vashin DC 20037 Phone 202 994 8258 Fax 202 99 fetu absafety gwu edu Contact Us Register for Training https labsafety gwu edu radiation safety committee THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Ordering RAM Radiation Safety receives quotes from vendors for RAM for agreed prices Your department places order through EAS Oracle OLS will approve the order if lab is authorized for product and with in limits annual and on hand Ensure proper e ship to address e Price e DOT hazard class 7 shipping charges supplier item Location When ordering with Perkin Elmer we can set up a blanket PO for faster service THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SHINGTC E W Inventory Isotopes received by a user and secured locked immediately You will E receive a utilization log sheet with the order fridge or binder RAM used must be entered on the utilization log fill in all blanks e Stock vial depleted decayed or not wanted call Radiation Safety for disposal never in sink or trash Stock vials must be kept stored in their a container pig and it must be labeled 2E 1 i with the 4 digit inventory THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVER
19. meter work propery Rat stocks containers amp areas in order FEM utilization logs in order amp complete Faduazte area containers amp logs in arde Ho labels liquids or sharps in radu aste RAM hood Hot Sink amp sink log in order Cold trash has ne radioactivity or labels Ho area 0 5 m Fh lease mote correction c Ho items Al wipaTest Results lt 200 dpm 150 cpm goss courts wide window Yes Ho Attach LSC Prirt Out 1 Attach L Sig Print Gut of Post Decon THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Monthly surveys Take swipes of areas that a are likely to have contamination such hot sink rad bench rad area TS floors door handles floors near exit equipment such as fridges and centrifuges Hood QO THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC ALARA As low as reasonably achievable ALARA To minimize dose from external sources there are 3 primary methods e Time e Distance e Shielding THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WAS ALARA TIME minimize the time spent receiving a dose ePlan you experiment and have all materials present before introducing RAM eWork methodically and at a good pace but don t rush as this could cause accidents ePut stocks away soon after you are finished with them THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC ALARA DISTANCE keep as much distance between you and the sou
20. pregnancy in order to receive this advice THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC
21. rce as possible Doubling the distance from the source reduces the dose to one quarter oet stock vials away from you when not handling them Use tongs or tweezers to hold containers when feasible otore waste in a low traffic area THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC ALARA SHIELDING block radiation with a suitable material eUse an appropriate material at an adequate thickness to stop radiation eProtects your body when working and protects those nearby from stocks or waste High energy beta emitters P32 plexiglass 1cm Gamma emitters 1125 lead sheets foil or bricks ePut vials back in protective packaging such as plastic vials or lead foil when finished THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC security Radioactive material is only to be used by those who are authorized by OLS RAM must never be left unattended rooms must be locked and RAM must be locked in a fridge or cabinet Access must be limited to those who have a need to be there and all must wear identification If someone is not wearing a badge ask If you can help them and direct them and escort them to the front desk for assistance Heport any suspicious activity to security THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Procedure if Individuals are Contaminated If you find personnel contamination take the following steps 1 Have someone call OLS 4 2630 2 Remove clothing
22. tion There are two main sources of ionizing radiation Natural Background Man Made Sources THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Natural Background Radiation Sources Average Dose Cosmic from the sun and outer space 28 mrem yr Terrestrial from the earth s crust 28 mrem yr Radon from the soil decay of uranium 200 mrem yr Internal from sources in the body 39 mrem yr A pat E EN THE SUN THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Man made Radiation Sources sources Average Dose Medical radiation Y 54 mRem yr 10 mRem yr lt 3 mRem yr Testing of nuclear weapons lt 1mRem yr THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Average Annual Exposure The total from all sources natural and man made Is approximately 360 mremy year Man Made 11 19 Cosmic 8 Terrestrial 8 Radon THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Chapter 2 Biological Effects of Radiation After Exposure U dye Beim AA E Pe i LH E LET TE am mmu THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Our Bodies Are Resilient Our bodies have highly efficient DNA repair mechanisms Our body has 60 trillion cells THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Effects of Radiation on Cells e Radiation causes damage to cells by ionizing the atoms
23. weights and mental retardation It has been suggested but not proven that exposures to the unborn may also increase the chance of childhood cancer Only when doses exceed 15 000 mrem has there been significant increase In risk THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Heritable Effects A heritable effect is an effect that is inherited or passed on to an offspring Heritable Genetic effects from radiation have never been observed in humans but have been observed in studies of plants and animals This includes the 77 000 Japanese children born to the survivors of Hiroshima and Nagasaki These are children who were conceived after the atom bomb THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Estimated Days Lost Due to Daily Activities Unmarried male Cigarette smoking Unmarried female Coal miner 25 overweight Alcohol U S average Construction worker Driving a motor vehicle 100 mRem yr for 70 years 3500 2250 1600 1100 771 365 227 207 10 THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Chapter 3 Radiation Detection e The human body cannot detect the presence of radiation e Radiation detection equipment Is used to detect and measure the presence of ionizing radiation e Remember Radiation Causes lonization How to Detect Radiation Radiation Detection Gas Filled Detectors aa Electrical Current Measuring Device Voltage Source Incident lonizing R
24. y Off Belore using isotopes all lab staff must know all radiation safety rules and all relevant protocols must pass the Radiation Safety Office Hazards Exam Review radiation safety rules frequently Always comply with NRC regulations University radiation safety rules and approved protocols In any emergency involving isotopes call the Radiation Safety Off ce 4 2630 THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Personal Protective Equipment y p g i ra T a m ab coat disposable gloves and eye protection are always required e Refer to authorization for specific requirements e Dont wear baggy clothing or dangling jewelry and cinch up loose long hair Legs must be covered and close toed shoes worn THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Survey Meters survey Meter w pancake GM survey Meter w end detector gt gt window Geiger Muller GM detector 7 y 1 B i ma d E I gt gt sn p 49 A a 7 tay i RON 2K 3k SW ase th Mar d fe x QUNTS MINUTE ourvey Meter w low energy gamma detector Ludlum 44 3 for use with 1125 and Cr51 gt gt THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON DC Survey Meters e Will not detect H3 must use liquid scintillation to detect Are calibrated annually Always check batteries to make sure they are In range Check the meter
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