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Three Modem Control Methods:

1. add_linked_address current_other_address gt address goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period display_linked_to current_other_address gt address link_state IND_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT break case FRAME NOT FOR ME Not for us so try again case WRTT_TIMER Call has failed try again on another channel If we are only on a single channel give up update_lqa_for_non_respondies if prepare_channel_for_sending J ROK amp amp single_multiz MULTI_CHANNEL_OPERATION We have not exhausted the pool yet Start the listening timer a Should be different for different modes start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period Go to state where seeing if other traffic link_state LISTEN_FOR_ACTIVITY_BEFORE_CALL else Pool is empty alert operator and scan display_call_failed resume_scanning break default display_bar CLEAR break break case LINKED_IDLE switch event case FRAME _FOR_ME Start of a 3 way handshake switch incoming_call_ type case INDIVIDUAL CALL goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_state IND_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_RESPONSE break case NETWORK_CALL case GROUP_CALL start_timer SWT_TIMER swt_get_swt_period start_timer TWAN_TIMER calculate_twan_period link_state NET_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_RESPONSE break default display_bar CLEA
2. link_state LISTEN_FOR_ ACTIVITY BEFORE CALL break case INITIATE THIS WAS SOUND Check for traffic before sounding start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period link_state LISTEN _BEFORE_THIS WAS SOUND break case INITIATE THIS IS SOUND Check for traffic before sounding start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period link_state LISTEN_BEFORE_THIS_IS SOUND break case STOP_SCAN db_disable_scanning single_multi SINGLE_CHANNEL_OPERATION link_state SCANNING STOPPED break case START SCAN db_enable_scanning resume_scanning break default display_bar CLEAR break break While scanning a DCD was heard We have stopped on the channel to see If the call is destined for us case PAUSE_SCAN_TO_LISTEN FOR CALL switch event case DWELL_TIMER Go back to scanning scan_radio link_state SCANNING start_timer DWELL_TIMER get_dwell_period reset_parser driver_word_resync break case RX FRAME _ BEGIN Start of a new frame must listen to see for me stop_timer DWELL_TIMER display_bar CLEAR break case RX FRAME END The frame can t have been for us resume_scanning break case FRAME FOR ME We are being called set up addresses update_terminating_address current_own_address gt address lead 0 current_other_address gt address update_leading_addresses lead SINGLE_ADDRESS set_termination_this_is Stop timeouts stop_all_time
3. next_frame_to_send start_timer SM_POLL_TIMER 1000 break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_INITIAL_FRAME switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Transmitter now ready Send call send_init_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE Initial frame has been sent goto_receive switch outgoing_call_type case ALL_CALL No response expected enter_linked_state See if we have anything pending transmission next_frame_to_send break case INDIVIDUAL CALL Wait for the response start_timer WRT_TIMER calculate_twr_period link_state IND_ LINKED_WAIT_RESPONSE break default display_bar CLEAR break break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND _ LINKED WAIT COMPLETION OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Now ready to transmit Send acknowledgement send_ack_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE Acknowledgement sent go back to idle goto_receive equip_set_linked enter_linked_state break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_RESPONSE switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Now transmitting send response frame send_resp_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE Response has been sent wait for acknowlegement goto_receive
4. start_timer WRT_TIMER calculate_twr_period link_state IND_LINKED_WAIT_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND_LINKED_WAIT_RESPONSE switch event case DCD_DETECTED We maybe about to hear the response Start the WRT timer with a value of 784 ms 2 Trw We must hear the start of the response frame before this matures stop_timer WRT_TIMER start_timer WRT_TIMER 784 break case RX _ FRAME BEGIN Frame has started stop the timer stop_timer WRT_TIMER break case FRAME FOR ME We have heard the response now send acknowledgement goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_state IND_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT break case FRAME NOT FOR ME Handshake has failed go back to idle display_handshake_failedQ enter_linked_state break case WRT_TIMER Hanshake has failed go back to idle display_handshake_failedQ enter_linked_state break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND_LINKED_WAIT_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT switch event case DCD_DETECTED We maybe about to hear the response Start the WRT timer with a value of 784 ms 2 Trw We must hear the start of the response frame before this matures start_timer WRT_TIMER 784 break case RX FRAME BEGIN Frame has started stop the timer stop_timer WRT_TIMER break case FRAME _FOR_ME Handshake has s
5. Description Initiate a clear X Paramaters others list of pointers of addresses to be cleared k nr others number of addresses in the list Public void clear_link const char others int nr_others Linked Exchanges J X Description Queue an AMD message to be sent on next frame Parameters amd pointer to AMD message to be sent Public void queue_amd const char amd void func void X Description Initiate the sending of and AMD message i If no link present link first Parameters char others stations to whom the AMD is to be sent i int nr_others number of stations in the group char own own address to be used in the frame g char amd AMD message to be sent a Public void initiate amd_exchange const char others int nr_others const char amd Request the station to poll the remote address This is used to fill in missing entries in the LQA database Public void initiate _poll const char address int channel Private void finish_poll void Emergency kill and return to scanning Description Kill the current link immediately Public void emergency kill void MAN MACHINE INTERFACE The Man Machine Interface MMI CSU is a command interpreter that processes structured commands received over one of the selected remote control interfaces MMI commands are simple ASCII character based and are not case sensitive The MMI command set shall
6. a Pr rrereseererteo Packaging BBB ALE The BBB ALE system for some could just the basic unit in a minimal case that supports the required interfacing for radio control and audio I O under PC control using PuTTy or some GUI interface The BBB has a small footprint and all alone it can be mounted in an Altoids can the Logic Supply case below however is likely the smallest best choice and as you can see it fits in the palm of an average male s hand At a minimum for the BBB ALE application an audio codec device will be required mounted to the BBB such as the standard Audio Cape in a larger case if used or a co mounted codec PCB which can fit in much smaller case Also required will be at least one RS 232 serial port for HF SSB radio control unless the radio supports USB or TCP IP The prospect of a radio with a USB codec being supported depends on drivers for Linux being available For others it could include the USB LCD Keypad and perhaps a USB wired or wireless Keyboard and no PC i 2 4 5 A 7 R Q QIiIwiEIRITIY T ULIttotrP DIFIGIH I JI KILI Then also these is the option of a larger case package with integrated LCD Keypad and perhaps some may want to make use of the HMDI video support p a The LCD displayed initialization message on the Logic Supply case is a mockup at this time i The standard RS 232 cape is of course available for use in development and some COTS cases for deployment Then too there
7. start_timer TWRN_TIMER twrn_get_twrn_period link_state NET_WAIT_RESPONSE break default break break default display_bar CLEAR break break case NET WAIT COMPLETION OF RESPONSE switch event case SWT_TIMER Call must be a group or net goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period break case KEYDOWN_TIMER Send the slotted response send_resp_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE Response has completed goto_receive Acknowledgement timer is already running link_state NET_WAIT_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT break case TWAN_TIMER 3 way handshake has not completed resume_scanning link_state SCANNING break default display_bar CLEAR break break case NET_WAIT _ COMPLETION OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER now transmitting send the frame send_ack_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE The hanshake has completed goto_receive equip_set_linked enter_linked_state break display_bar CLEAR default break break case NET_WAIT_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT switch event case TWAN_TIMER if frame_in_progress SET What until the end of the frame to decide if ACK heard twan_flag SET else No ACK heard resume_scanning break case FRAME NOT FOR ME case RX FRAME END if twan_flag SET TWAN has mat
8. the ALE controller wherein lies the Linked State Machine that is the heartbeat Here is a high level view of this CSU Globals located in PPARSER C extern Call type incoming call type extern int lqa response required Globals located in RADIO C extern int scan in progress Locals to the link state machine module Public Link state link state Public int single multi Private int channels MAX CHANNELS Private int channels in use Private int rank channel offset Private int size of group Size of the outgoing group Private int twan flag Has TWAN matured Private int frame in progress Is a frame being received Private Call type outgoing call type Type of Outgoing Call Private char poll address ADDRESS STRING LENGTH Station being polled k EE Routines for keeping record of connected stations 77 x aaax ax Private const Other_address huge other linked _address MAX NET SIZE Private int check linked address const char address Private void add linked address const char address Private void delete linked address const char address Private void reset_linked_addresses void Private int count linked addresses void This routine is used when formatting an acknowledgement it ensures the acknowlegement is only sent to those addresses who have responded Private void load linked _addresses const char address int number Public void display l
9. C power in the field even batteries due to the lower power consumption requirements My favorite Go Kit keyboards are the under 20USD SoundLogic Waterproof Yellow Roll Up Portable full size USB keyboard that you can run down to Walmart and purchase Also the 20USD wireless latency issues keyboard which is also available in green but not MIL SPEC olive drab green F5 F6 F7 F8 pgacx Local and Remote User Interface Details The planned user interfaces are detailed below both the standard Remote interfaces see items 4 5 and 6 and optional Local LCD Keypad interface see items 1 and 2 below are summarized The user interface options to be explored for the Data Modem Configuration and Remote Control and for OTA Data communications will tentatively be 1 Local Internal LCD 6 key Keypad display or External USB port LCD 6 key Keypad module The USB port for attaching the LCD Keypad may be physically specified as Rear Bottom Left USB port 1 LCD Keypad The 6 key Keypad interface can be used for two way comms by building messages live via individual character selection AMD DBM DTM or from pre saved message selection and possibly from a full Dictionary mode similar to AQC ALE Dictionary mode NOTE Letter Orderimg for Keypad character selection for message construction will be user selectable as A through Z or user selected in Zim Ordering ETAONRISHDLFCMUGYPWBVKJXQZ where Upper or Lower case can be user selected N
10. Digital Audio Output root beaglebone tmp Obviously the Linux USB Codec driver for the Burr Brown devices in the USB Signalink has a lot of wishful thinking going on I have now succeeded in getting the USB Signalink to work still nothing from HDMI audio I did not have to disable HDMI to get the Signalink to work as 1s required with the standard audio cape What lead me in the right direction were details that are part of the dissertation at http walkerips com wp shairport on beaglebone black However the output level driving an external speaker for the given test file being played is much lower then when the same Signalink wired to the same speaker and using the same test file 1s played on a real PC even though I have the alsamixer set to max and the front panel control on the Signalink wide open Specifically what was required was the installation of a number of alsa packages sudo apt get install libpulse dev sudo apt get install alsa base sudo apt get alsa base config NOTE This one fails to install sudo apt get install libavahi client dev sudo apt get install libasound2 dev sudo apt get install libssl dev sudo apt get install git sudo apt get install make sudo apt get install wget Then the creation of etc asound conf file that configures the USB sound device as the default device pem default type hw card 1 ctl default type hw card 1 Then in the file etc modprobe d alsa base conf ch
11. L O m S m O m m a d m oO ET a i T W L 1 tJ oa Ca La L Wad i Li E m C Se D aam D DD L tai T S Dal Da kal rT to e f if EA iT Ae oO oe mem i G O mam P 3 5 Cj o A B oo k I F O oO ct ETC 1 CF Li Lo ct BR ho Ro A St EP zem Da ram m R ae ee L J A D n DO oaan 1 i n DO aea L n ate vem EL Lo LA ba LA LA LA La LA LA LA 2 LA i oe Sy ih L Ci C CL Cl Ci Ca E ct Once a final determination regarding CPU loading using Hard vs Soft float is made with the 54285 unproto modem then a decision will made regarding porting the MSI10A modem core written in C to the ARM and developing a project for testing it BBB ALE Project Code Roots The reuse of the existing x86 DOS based 386EX ADSP project will accelerate the initial BBB ALE development The reuse of code from the existing MARS ALE and PC ALE baselines for enhanced features shall also be made to meet design goals A number of existing features of the 386EX ADSP project will require modification or elimination to take into account the selected ARM host Debian OS and other hardware interfacing of the embedded environment The 386EX ADSP project footprint is rather small consisting of less than 60 computer software units CSU s of C language code and the supporting header files A number of files will no longer be required such as
12. LCD display Below is a 4x20 LCD display packaging option offered by Crystalfontz the same LCD display manufacturer used in the Logic Supply unit above This is a light weight external USB port hand held configuration in a metal case with 9 foot cable with all the same display control and status features of the front panel display seen in the embedded computer above It is suitable for use with the BBB or development PC in my efforts via a USB port The external USB LCD units depending on display options run 120 130USD where the internal units are just under 100USD The provided XES635BK TFE KU model seen below is clear sharp and bright characters change without delay and keypad response is immediate and the keys have a great tactile feel The data on this particular model 1s at http www crystalfontz com product XKES635BKTFEKU I made a pair of short demo videos using the developers tool which are at www n2ckh com MARS ALE FORUM MOV04236 MPG and a shorter video with less talk and no keypad demo at www n2ckh com MARS ALE FORUM MOV04233 MPG Debian on the BBB comes with FDTI drivers installed that work just fine with the USB Crystalfontz display which in the BBB is recognized as listed using dmesg 1 919360 usb 1 1 5 new full speed USB device number 5 using musb hdrc 1 999378 usb 1 1 5 ep0 maxpacket 8 2 000844 usb 1 1 5 default language 0x0409 2 007712 usb 1 1 5 udev 5 busnum 1 minor 4 2 007735 usb 1
13. Out and DI represents Data In l Chan 1 DO User selectable as follows A Radio hardware PTT keying instead of RS 232 DTR RTS hardware PTT B Radio Bypass signal during Scanning for QS S radio modification needs of a D C signal source 2 Chan 2 DO Radio Speaker Muting a Chan 3 DO LPA keying line bypass for low power ATU tuning 4 Chan 4 DO External Hardware Modem PTT monitoring of either PTT to Ground or PTT on Low to High D C 5 Ghan598 ALE ALARMS Gham 5 90 QRZ Call Missed Alarm Requires user to clear The QRZ option must be enabled Chan 6 DO ALE Linked Alarm Requires user to clear while linked Clears automatically when ALE link is cleared Chan 7 DO AMD Message Received WAITING Requires user to clear OSDI CLEAR for all Alarms Another scenario would be the use of all 8 ports of a DLP IO8 G being used for interfacing to an ATU with ANT port selection Yet another could be selections of antenna coil taps in a mobile or portable antenna configuration where the 8 ports would be assigned to the channels of a scan group Multiple DLP IO8 G units can be in use so can multiple application models I am also working with the 20 channel I O unit and the latched relay unit Then too there is already an Ardruino emulation of the 8 channel I O unit in place which is an even less expensive option USB Audio I am testing USB audio to avoid use of the Audio Cape under Debian after its use under Angstrom
14. commands and all that can be done with them its pretty much up to the end user as to their use stand alone and when combined in most cases when creating groups of commands For example when MACRO supported 1s ported to BBB ALE from MARS ALE the user will be able to emulate hardware radio AMD store to memory message recall to send An AMD message memory capability one can configured using the MACRO support and MMI commands by creating say AMDMSGI1 MAC and AMDMSG2 MAC files in the MACRO sub directory using the MMI AMD command So to setup for sending a resupply with water and food message to BASE as the tactical callsign the MACRO the syntax would be AMD BASE1 RESUPPLY WITH FOOD AND WATER ASAP BT AR This can currently be tested by a MARS ALE or PC ALE user where it has been ported to by using the DataBar with the MMI box checked At any time you want sitting single channel or scanning just have the MMI box checked and in the DataBar enter MACRO AMDMSGI and hit Enter in MARS ALE or in PC ALE as Charles coded it when he cloned my MMI from the DataBar idea click the SENDMSG button and you will link with the station and send the AMD In MARS ALE have AMD Retries setup as well for a better AMD pseudo ARQ experience In my plans for BBB ALE this type of MMM MACRO based AMD message storage for reuse will come in quite handy with the LCD Keyboard interface and even a USB keyboard BBB ALE Directory Structure The key directories on the B
15. control PA Bypass etc TBD UART Mapping The BBB has six on board serial ports UARTO UARTS however only UARTO the dev ttyO0 is enabled by default and it is coupled to the serial debug console and does not provide CTS RTS support The other serial ports which must be enabled before they can be used UART3 is TX only with CTS and RTS lines the others have RX TX CTS and RTS lines The UART map to pins and devices look like this Port TS RTS Device Remark BBB debug console 9 26 P9 24 P9_20 ren Full use Bey ah g7 a 2 1 P8 37 P8 38 dev ttyO2 Full use UART3 n a P9 E P8 36 dev ttyO3 TX only see note below ge ha ho gize re Eas NIA UART4 P9_ 11 P9 13 P8 35 P8 33 dev ttyO4 Full use see note below UARTS P8 38 P8 37 P8 31 P8 32 dev ttyOS5 Full use see note below NOTE To make UART 5 and the flow control for UART 3 and 4 available the HDMI port must be disabled UARTO is dedicated to the Serial Debug port console UARTI 2 4 and 5 support TX RX two way use Why UART3 dev ttyO3 is TX only must be attributed to some technical issue that I have not come across in my research However this limits the usefulness of UART3 in our application to devices that do not require two way data transfer If it were RX only then I would dedicate to GPS receiver use and leave at that However it will be recommended for external smart Antenna Switch device use and other device interfacing w
16. debug port PC hosted software applications regardless of OS for command and control e g Telnet software such as PuTTy as a minimum will be required NOTE Third party developers can create GUI front ends of their own design targeting their OS of choice on a PC In addition developers may target the BBB for a co hosted GUI written to communicate with BBB ALE via the lo port at the 127 0 0 1 local loopback address 2 Hands on front panel or hand held USB cable tethered LCD display with keypad capability or LCD display with USB keyboard or perhaps a wireless keyboard shall be supported to provide received message display and message entry capability as well as configuration and also command and control General Purpose I O for external radio equipment interfacing and Debugging ADC Mapping The BBB offers 7 Analog Inputs ADC labeled AINO AIN6 which can be used in various ways within the BBB ALE interfacing model For example a directional coupler for VSWR PWR could be interfaced to for antenna system monitoring and automatic shutdown should no other means of such data be available from an ATU if installed or from the HF radio Before they can be used however the ADC ports must be enabled and then it must be determined where they are located in the device mapping for use The ADC properties are e 12 bits Output values in the range 0 4095 e 125ns sample time e 1 8V range as required real world levels must scaled as 1 8v m
17. from is GUI interface resulting in less CPU and memory overhead The technical disadvantages include a comparatively large memory footprint kernel and root file system complexities of user mode and kernel mode memory access and a complex device drivers framework and the lack of specific tools to address embedded scenarios and hardware specific OS versions which may only permit software floating point optimization What are the driving factors for Embedded Operating System Development The cost of hardware solutions and achieving proper performance in adhering to the MIL STD and STANAG requirements and consistent results period New COTS ALE radios have come down one manufacturer offers an HF transceiver with ALE option when all configured for about 1 500USD that actually works properly to FED STD 1045A but where it is only marketed in the U S for Government sales New MIL STD modems however are more easily purchased however only modems in the MS 110A S4285 class come in under 2 500USD presently MS110B S4539 are more expensive The used equipment market is costly as well and if one does get a deal on the hardware the cost of the required software to program or operate and the documentation adds up rapidly ALE hardware alternative The low priced ARM based BBB development board is the obvious choice as a target host platform based on price point alone The BBB an Audio Codec along with UART to RS 232 and a suitable case when conne
18. have a limit of 500 commands where the initial MMI command words and their purpose in creating an MMI command string where one or a combination of two or more commands with or without arguments per line that currently exist are Command Purpose ADD Meta command used with minor commands CHANNEL GROUP NET Address OWN Address OTHER Address ALO Link Protection ALO mode the default ALLCALL Global and Selective minor command for ALE AllCall call AMD Advanced Message Display Minor command ANYCALL Global and Selective minor command for ALE AnyCall call ARQ Minor command used with DBM and DTM AUTO Minor command used with DISABLE and ENABLE BELLS Minor command used with DISABLE and ENABLE BROADCAST Minor command used with DBM and DTM CALL Meta command used with lt Other Address gt CHANNEL Minor command used with Meta commands CLEAR Clear ALE inlink state CONFIG Minor command used with SAVE and LOAD Meta commands DATABASE Minor command used with SAVE and LOAD Meta commands DATE Minor command used with SET DBM Data Binary Message binary mode direct command and Meta command when used with RETRIES DELETE Meta command used with CHANNEL GROUP NET Address OWN Address OTHER Address DISABLE Meta command used with ALLCALL ANYCALL AUTO BELLS ECHO GPS LBT LP LQA MOTD POLL SCAN SOUND THIS_IS TRACE DISPLAY Meta command used with AMD CHANNEL HELP LINKED KEY SELF MYADDRESS
19. most are twice the cost or more of the BBB at 45USD The x86 based Intel Atom E3825 based board running Debian at 99USD in single core is twice the cost of a BBB and 30 more in dual core the later of which is the model that interests me most The Minnow Board http www minnowboard org meet minnowboard max which is coming out mid 2014 I will be watching closely I am currently working with the more expensive Atom N2800 family in a COTS Embedded Industrial Computer approach with both Linux and Windows Embedded Standard 7 WES7 in support of MARS and plan to do the same on that platform with the coming Atom E3845 processor What is an Embedded Operating System An embedded operating system is an operating system for embedded computer systems These operating systems are designed to be compact efficient at resource usage and reliable forsaking many functions that non embedded computer operating systems provide and which may not be used by the specialized applications they run What is Embedded Linux A Linux distribution that targets one or more embedded processor devices The advantages of embedded Linux over proprietary embedded operating systems include multiple suppliers for software development and support no royalties or licensing fees a stable kernel the ability to read modify and redistribute the source code ease and restriction free Live boot media distributions In addition Linux can be completely separated in operation
20. show activity such as with the 3 periods increasing to 4 then 5 then 6 and with a flashing cursor and also make use of the 4 status LED s to alert the user that the BBB ALE is performing its start up initialization sequences If implemented and if connected to a router and the internet and configured for use the user may then be prompted to check for BBB ALE updates and perhaps other house keeping prior to moving forward to ALE operational modes For packaging within a case Crystalfontz offers 5 1 4 bay mounting as well where the BBB other supported ARM board can be housed in such an enclosure to accept an I2C or RS232 version of the display The 5 1 4 drive bay kit front panel that supports any of the Crystalfontz 4x20 LCD panel displays a similar bracket exists for their 2x16 display line as well Below is one of the display models for mounting in the above bay kit where either I2C RS232 or USB models are available the unit pictured 1s a USB model with USB cable End users with the ability and cost savings incentive can make their own cut out panels and bezel all the details are provided from the manufacturer in the form of drawings and templates 142 0 Overall PCB 77 95 Active Area To cE as m Ez a A A eal Ss ee T 3 BC p ia A2 al 3 bos yr D N oO E E 3 L x y 5 AN l End users with the ability and cost savings incentive can make their own cut out panels and bezel all the details are provi
21. the interface between the ADSP and the Host processor The 386EX ADSP project is a complete ALE modem controller model which provides the structures to support the minimum FED STD 1045A and MIL STD 188 141A requirements and a number of optional features as well For example in addition to the mandatory Advanced Message Display AMD protocol for messaging the optional Data Terminal DTM and Data Binary Message DBM protocols for both ASCII and BINARY messaging are supported and both Broadcast BRD and Automatic Request Query ARQ modes for DTM and DBM are provided The project provides ALE call types Individual Calls AllCalls Selective AllCalls AnyCalls Selective AnyCalls The ALE Application Interface API CSU is the highest level code of the system which processes all ALE events The API module of the existing 386EX ADSP project processes all ALE API events received by the ALE Kernel to call the appropriate ALE function in the ALE kernel where the existing API events are ALE TIMER ALE CALL ALE CLEAR ALE GLOBAL ALLCALL ALE SELECTIVE ALLCALL ALE GLOBAL ANYCALL ALE SELECTIVE ANYCALL ALE DBM MSG NOTE in conjunction with API ASCII DATA or API BINARY DATA via user selection for transmit and automatic detection on receive ALE DTM MSG NOTE in conjunction with API ASCII DATA automatically API ASCII DATA API BINARY DATA ALE AMD MSG The ALE Timer support provides for DWELL TIMER TWT TIMER KEYDOWN TIMER WRTT
22. 0 usb 1 1 2 Manufacturer Prolific Technology Inc 9990 135492 usb 1 1 2 usb_probe_device 9990 135509 usb 1 1 2 configuration 1 chosen from 1 choice 9990 135638 usb 1 1 2 adding 1 1 2 1 0 config 1 interface 0 9990 214507 usbcore registered new interface driver pl2303 9990 217014 usbserial USB Serial support registered for pl2303 9990 222681 pl2303 1 1 2 1 0 usb_probe_interface 9990 222709 pl2303 1 1 2 1 0 usb_probe_interface got id 9990 222743 pl2303 1 1 2 1 0 p12303 converter detected 9990 232113 usb 1 1 2 pl2303 converter now attached to ttyUSB1 root beaglebone Then for the heck of it I tried my old favorite Belkin FU109 adapter which uses a microcontroller as its brain and although Belkin does not support past XP drivers from another vendor that supports Windows 7 work great Well to my surprise Debian on the BBB likes the bugger here 1s a listing from using dmseg were its now ttyUSB2 11255 718171 usb 1 1 4 new full speed USB device number 8 using musb hdrc 11255 798195 usb 1 1 4 ep0 maxpacket 16 11255 801711 usb 1 1 4 default language 0x0409 11255 811500 usb 1 1 4 udev 8 busnum 1 minor 7 11255 811519 usb 1 1 4 New USB device found id Vendor 050d idProduct 0109 11255 811570 usb 1 1 4 New USB device strings Mfr 1 Product 2 SerialNumber 3 11255 811583 usb 1 1 4 Manufacturer Belkin USB PDA Adapter 11255 811593 usb 1 1 4 SerialNumber 605277 112
23. 0 MIPS 1GHz MIPS MHz 600 300 1200 600 1600 800 Graphics Engine SGX530 3D 20M Polygons S SDRAM Memory 512MB DDR3L 606MHZ Onboard Flash 2GB 8bit Embedded MMC PMIC TPS65217C PMIC regulator and one additional LDO Debug Support Optional Onboard 20 pin CTI JTAG Serial Header Power Source miniUSB USB or DC Jack 5v D C External Via Expansion Header PCB 3 4 x 2 1 6 layers Indicators 1 Power 2 Ethernet 4 User Controllable LEDs HiSpeed USB 2 0 Client Port Access to USBO Client mode via miniUSB HiSpeed USB 2 0 Host Port Access to USB1 Type A Socket provides 5v up to 500mA LS FS HS Serial Port UARTO access via 6 pin 3 3v TTL Header Header is populated Ethernet 10 100 RJ 45 connector SD MMC Connector microSD 3 3v User Manual Input Reset Button Boot Button Power Button Video Out 16b HDMI 1280x1024 MAX 1024x768 1280x720 1440x900 w EDID Support Audio Via HDMI Interface Stereo Expansion Connectors e Power 5v 3 3v VDD ADC 1 8v e 3 3v I O on all signals e McASPO SPI1 I2C GPIO 65 LCD GPMC MMC1 MMC2 7 AIN 1 8V MAX 4 Timers 3 Serial Ports CANO EHRPWM 0 2 XDMA Interrupt Power button Expansion Board ID Up to 4 can be stacked Weight 1 4 OZ 39 80 grams Although the BBB seems to be up to the task of an ALE Modem Controller as noted previously there are challenges to be dealt with as to it being a suitable host for MIL STD serial tone modem use which are currently being investigated If these challeng
24. 1 5 New USB device found id Vendor 0403 idProduct fc0d 2 007748 usb 1 1 5 New USB device strings Mfr 1 Product 2 SerialNumber 3 2 007759 usb 1 1 5 Product Crystalfontz CFA635 USB LCD 2 007770 usb 1 1 5 Manufacturer Crystalfontz 2 007780 usb 1 1 5 SerialNumber CFnnnnnn 2 008251 usb 1 1 5 usb_probe_device 2 008270 usb 1 1 5 configuration 1 chosen from 1 choice 2 008436 usb 1 1 5 adding 1 1 5 1 0 config 1 interface 0 ae ee m I m I ee e FA es A es ce OA ee It takes about 8 seconds after applying power when booting from eMMC for the USB LCD Keyboard to come alive as the FDTI drivers load early for the serial debug console support At that point the display that is stored in the LCD displays flash RAM is displayed It takes another 22 seconds before the desktop GUI comes to life just how soon a user application e g BBB ALE configured to automatically start would be able to commence processing and interface with the LCD display is to be determined Here is a short video that captures the BBB boot and LCD and desktop GUI sequence of events www n2ckh com MARS ALE FORUM MOV04266 MPG The scheme that I have in mind on boot and BBB ALE startup as to the LCD display is to ping to validate if one is installed and if so read the first line and interrogate the version and build information or if factory fresh which if not current then update it and store it to flash RAM At the same time the bottom line will start to
25. 4 LP LQACALL LQAPOLL The Meta and Minor command status can best be explained by showcasing the DELETE command which is a Meta command which requires the use of Minor commands and arguments as follows DELETE CHANNEL n Delete channel n where n is any existing Channel Number DELETE NET address Delete NET address where address is any existing NET Address DELETE OTHER address Delete OTHER address where address is any existing OTHER Address DELETE OWN address Delete OWN address where address is any existing Self Address Deleting an existing OWN Address does not shift the ordering of the remaining addresses in the database DELETE SELF address Delete SELF address where address is any existing Self Address The maximum MMI command string length shall be programmed at 1000 characters well in excess of what will ever be required The maximum number of words in an MMI command string shall be 20 also more than will likely ever be required In some cases MMI commands can accept one or more arguments For example the MMI AMD command AMD address lt address gt message text within DOUBLE quotes with spaces before Ist amp after last word message gt Send station address es 1 n an AMD message that is provided A BBB ALE MMI user guide shall list the Command syntax and arguments structure for each command with some examples as to the use of each command However for the most part due to the power of the
26. 55 812199 usb 1 1 4 usb_probe_device 11255 812218 usb 1 1 4 configuration 1 chosen from 1 choice 11255 812740 usb 1 1 4 adding 1 1 4 1 0 config 1 interface 0 11255 894639 usbcore registered new interface driver mct_u232 11255 896857 usbserial USB Serial support registered for MCT U232 11255 899912 mct_u232 1 1 4 1 0 usb_probe_interface 11255 899941 mct_u232 1 1 4 1 0 usb_probe_interface got id 11255 899975 mct_u232 1 1 4 1 0 MCT U232 converter detected 11255 906167 usb 1 1 4 MCT U232 converter now attached to ttyUSB2 Thus a hub hung off the USB host port will yield full 9 pin RS 232 via the use of USB to RS232 adapters it now appears with Prolific and the MCT U232 recognized off the get go then so is FTDI based units as perhaps other USB chipset based adapters Serial Debug Port During development the Serial Debug Port Header will be utilized for debugging As seen below the 6 pin debug header is located to the inside of the expansion header Just what if any use this port may be in the actual BBB ALE implementation aside from debugging is to be determined Its a direct connection to an FTDI and is always active however The debug serial port UARTO dev ttyO0 settings are 115 200 Baud 8 Data Bits No Parity 1 Stop Bits No Handshaking One of the best to the point written How To the debug port use can be found at http codechief wordpress com 20 13 1 1 11 beaglebone black serial debug conn
27. As you can see from a review of the Kernel information listed previously under the Serial Debug Port section there is some conflict which is affecting the HDMI interface and its audio support that I need to resolve The HDMI is working properly with the video display and passes high level audio interface tests but yet I do not have any audio output Here is a capture of an attempt to play a serial tone test wave file as an example were aplay loads the file and lists the details and then the time required to play the file expires and it prints a message that the file was not found root beaglebone tmp aplay MDM3001_600Ltest wav alsa default CARD CODEC Playing WAVE MDM3001_600Ltest wav Signed 16 bit Little Endian Rate 48000 Hz Mono alsa No such file or directory However the file is there root beaglebone tmp Is l total 7736 rw r r 1 debian debian 7913612 Sep 5 2012 MDM3001_600Ltest wav root beaglebone tmp I have not yet tested with the standard audio cape under Debian as it requires disabling the HDMI cape and the loose of video display and VNC support I have however been trying to make use of USB audio to no avail as the HDMI audio seems to be blocking it However I do get a USB Signalink recognized I can not select it however as the default device and I can not otherwise address and get any audio out from it Here is what the system via aplay arguments sees as to sound devices and their capabilitie
28. BB that are familiar to any Linux user which BBB ALE shall access during install configuration or live operation e bin Contains the binary executables used by all of the users e boot Contains the device tree binaries for the BBB e dev Contains the device nodes device drivers e etc Contains configuration files for the local system e home The user home directories e g home root is the root user home e lib Contains all of the standard system libraries e media mnt Here we can mount a micro sd card by default e proc Related to processes running on the BBB that come and go for example if you go into proc and type cat iomem you can see the mapping addresses e run Contains information about the running system since the last boot e sbin Contains the binary executables for the root user superuser e sys Contains a virtual file system that describes the system e tmp Contains temporary files location e usr Contains application programs for all of the users e var Contains variable files such as system logs BBB ALE shall likely make use of the following key directories for file I O during its operation e dev e lib NOTE Shall contain all shared Dynamically Linked Library files used by BBB ALE e media mnt e proc e tmp e usr e var To this list of key directories on this level we shall add the following BBB ALE specific directory structures e bbbale shall contain the main BBB ALE binary executable and any child process bin
29. CD display is an even more powerful combination However the 4x20 LCD panel alone 1s just the thing for a bare bones operation of Data Modem or ALE in the field where a PC or even a connected video monitor or keyboard to send and display messages with is undesirable in many poor conditions as we all know such devices all fail and frequently as well There are of course many makes and models of LCD displays however it is the 2x16 and 4x20 Crystalfontz displays that will be the focus of my development where the 4x20 will definitely be supported with perhaps 2x16 support provided as well Support for similar models from other another manufacturer as an alternate source may be provided at a later date if deemed required I will be supporting the USB and I2C and perhaps the RS 232 display models as both the BBB and Atom units have numerous RS 232 ports and a I2C port on the board The prospects of supporting LCD Graphics or LCD Graphics Touch screen interface for use with USB keyboard also exist however for an internal graphics display the packaging becomes more of a challenge Then too also interfacing options are possible however beyond the LCD Keypad and use of on board video options on the given host to external displays all the options add cost and complications KEYBOARDS Now let s add some keyboards to the picture drive home the image of MIL STD Data Modem or ALE communications without the use of an external PC and working from direct 12v D
30. DRAFT 0 3 Beaglebone Black based ALE Modem Controller Development Plan By N2CKH This is a living development plan document presenting my vision for an Embedded ARM host Linux operating system based Software Defined ALE Modem Controller solution based on the Beaglebone Black BBB Embedded Linux developers board as the host I would obviously prefer to make use of an inexpensive hardware host that has been specifically designed and packaged as an Open Software Defined DSP based HF modem controller for which a Software Developer Kit SDK has been published However as no such device exists the BBB has been chosen as the next best approach The goal with BBB ALE is to provide the MARS user and the average Amateur Radio user an affordable hardware based software defined ALE modem controller solution to both meet the ALE standard requirements and the end users budget BBB ALE in my vision is seen as a low cost build it yourself ALE Modem Controller approach using an embedded Linux development board The BBB 1s currently the lowest cost ARM based developers board on the market that is readily available world wide on a Commercial Off The Shelf COTS basis which has the mix of processing power and feature sets that I believe will support a DSP software defined ALE approach In the x86 world a new relatively low cost option that can be viewed as competition to the BBB and a host of other ARM development boards are making their debut However
31. E The extra features of the I2C interface for the LCD module will be developed when the hardware becomes available Local Internal LCD 6 key Keypad display or External USB port LCD display and USB Keyboard module The USB port for attaching the LCD Keypad may be physically specified as Rear Bottom Left USB port 1 LCD Keypad The USB Keyboard will be attached via any unused hub port When a keyboard is attached the idea will be to only accept data from it for two way comms use and not enable the 6 key Keypad interface The first three lines of the display will be for the out going message where the last line will key count of characters entered and perhaps other parameters NOTE See notes in item I above Local Graphical User Interface GUI via mini HDMI port using proper HDMI DVI D or other adapter or straight to HDMI cable connected Video Monitor USB Keyboard and USB Pointing device with a GUI interface somewhat similar to that of the desktop PC ALE tool may come about at some point I know this is appealing to many especially in the field or vehicle with a 12vdc Lilliput or sun visor monitor However if a GUI interface comes about it will not be for some time after an initial release takes place NOTE For development an HDMI DVI D adapter is being utilized for Linux OS GUI acccess as well as VNC GUI remote access The HDMI DVI D cable is an inexpensive item available from http www amazon com Aftermarket Product Converter Uni
32. E_ CALL else Pool is empty alert operator and scan update_lqa_for_non_respondies display_call_failed resume_scanning else No RESP to ANYCALL only try on 1 channel so give up display_call_failed resume_scanning break default display_bar CLEAR break break case NET_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_INITIAL_FRAME switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Now trasmitting so send initial frame send_init_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE goto_receive start_timer TWRN_TIMER twrn_get_twrn_period link_state NET_LINKED_WAIT_RESPONSE break default display_bar CLEAR break break case NET_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Now transmitting so send ACK frame send_ack_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE goto_receive enter_linked_state break default display_bar CLEAR break break case NET_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_RESPONSE switch event case SWT_TIMER prepare to send the response goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period break case KEYDOWN_TIMER Now transmitting so send response frame send_resp_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE goto_receive link_state NET_LINKED_WAIT_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT break default display_bar CLEAR break break case NET_LI
33. NET_ADDRESS OPTIONS OTHER_ADDRESS OWN_ADDRESS DTM Data Terminal Message ASCII mode direct command and Meta command when used with RETRIES DWELL Minor command used with SET ECHO Minor command used with DISABLE and ENABLE to enable or disable Telnet echo of MMI commands ENABLE Meta command used with ALLCALL ANYCALL AUTO BELLS ECHO GPS LBT LP LQA MOTD POLL SCAN SOUND THIS_IS TRACE END Direct execute command EXIT Direct execute command FERRORS Minor command used with SET FVOTES Minor command used with SET GLOBAL Meta command used with ALLCALL and ANYCALL GPS Minor command used with DISABLE and ENABLE GROUP Minor command used with ADD and DELETE HELP Meta command used alone and with other MMI commands to display help on the command that follows on the same line Also a Direct execute command when used without arguments INACTIVITY Minor command used with SET KEY Minor command used with SET Also a direct execute command when used alone KILL Direct execute command LBT Listen Before Transmit minor command used with DISABLE and ENABLE LINKED Direct execute command LIST Direct execute command LOAD Meta command used with CONFIG and DATABASE LQA Link Quality Analysis MANUAL Direct execute command MODE Minor command used with ARQ and BROADCAST in their use with DBM and DTM MOTD Message of the Day MYADDRESS Minor command used with SET NET_ADDRESS Minor co
34. NG STOPPED break case START SCAN enable_scanning resume_scanning break default display_bar CLEAR break break case LISTEN FOR ACTIVITY BEFORE CALL switch event case DCD_DETECTED break case LBT_DETECTED Only consider detection if threshold reached case RX FRAME BEGIN Someone else is using the channel try another stop_timer TWT_TIMER if prepare_channel_for_sending ROK We have not exhausted the pool yet af Start the listening timer Should be different for different modes start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period Go to state where seeing if other traffic link_state LISTEN_FOR_ ACTIVITY BEFORE CALL else Pool is empty alert operator and scan display_call_failed resume_scanning break case TWT_ TIMER Channel clear goto transmit set_termination_this_is goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period switch outgoing_call_type case POLL_CALL case INDIVIDUAL _ CALL link_state IND WAIT COMPLETION _OF CALL break case GROUP_CALL case NETWORK CALL case ANY CALL case ALL_ CALL link_state NET _WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_ CALL break default break break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND WAIT COMPLETION OF CALL switch event case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE Initial frame has been sent goto_receive Start the response and tune timer start_timer WRT
35. NKED_WAIT_RESPONSE switch event case TWRN_TIMER Responses should have come in by now goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_state NET_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT break case FRAME _FOR_ME Response has been heard display_response_from current_other_address gt address break default break break case NET_LINKED_WAIT_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT switch event case TWAN_TIMER if frame_in_progress SET What until the end of the frame to decide if ACK heard twan_flag SET else No ACK heard display_handshake_failed Q enter_linked_state break case FRAME NOT FOR ME case RX FRAME END if twan_flag SET No ACK heard and TWAN has matured display_handshake_failedQ enter_linked_state Otherwise its a response from someone else so wait for ACK break case FRAME _FOR_ME ACK has come in go back to LINKED IDLE stop_all_timers enter_linked_state break default display_bar CLEAR break break case LISTEN BEFORE THIS WAS SOUND switch event case TWT_ TIMER Commence the sound goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_state THIS WAS SOUND_IN PROGRESS display_bar CLEAR break case RX FRAME BEGIN Abandon the Sound as other activity on the channel resume_scanning break default display_bar CLEAR break break case LISTEN BEFORE THI
36. O_33 7 25 26 7 25 26 GPIO 61 GPIO_125 27 28 GPIO_123 GPIO_86 27 28 GPIO 88 29 30 29 30 GPIO_120 31 B vpp_ApDc GPIO_10 31 32 GPIO_11 33 34 GPIO 81 GPIO_8 35 36 GPIO_80 GPIO_78 37 38 GPIO79 GPIO_76 39 40 GPIO_77 AINA 33 34 aine Basile Ains 37 38 aino Basio Ain 41 42 41 42 DGND MMag ay DGND GPIO_72 43 44 GPIO_73 45 46 GPIO7O 45 46 GPIO7 There are 65 General Purpose I O GPIO pins that can be made available for use however some of the GPIO pins are not so general For example 24 GPIO pins used by the HDMI Video 20 pins and Audio 4 pins support alone and will have to be steered clear from as HDMI support may be desired by the end user even if BBB ALE does not directly support HDMI ALE interfacing at first or at all The HDMI port on the BBB is implemented as a virtual cape Other reasons for disabling HDMI are to make UART 5 and the flow control for UART 3 and 4 available Another 10 pins are used by the EMMC support but they can be freed up for use 8 GPIO pins GPIO1_0 TO gpiol 7 on the 20 pin header are used by the eMMC chip and pins GPIO1 30 and GPIO1 31 This means that if you are using the eMMC those GPIO pins are not available If you want to uses these GPIO pins you can erase the contents of the eMMC chip and boot from the micro SD card However running the SD card the OS loads slower and file I O is slower than from the eMMC The advantage of the eMMC over the SD card is that it allo
37. On Chip Debugger software http openocd sourcetforge net Once the OpenOCD server is up you can connect to it via telnet interface default port 4444 or via GDB default port 3333 From there you can issue commands For more information on the commands see http openocd sourceforge net doc html General Commands html USB Host The USB Host has many potential uses for interfacing to radio devices in addition to devices such as external LCD Keypad Keyboard etc However as its a single port the use of a powered hub either installed internally or external to the BBB ALE case will be required Make sure any use of a Hub is made by the Hub being plugged into the USB Host connector and powered on before powering on the BBB For radio device interfacing the USB Host port will be supported for use This makes for ease of use for ALE applications of the support being developed for desktop MARS ALE and PC ALE for use of the DLP Design Data Acquisition and Relay boards for external Hardware Modem ATU ANT SW Alarms and other uses The DLP Design boards will likely be the first USB external interface devices tested under BBB ALE The DLP IO8 G alone would provide 8 ports that in one user selected scenario could provide for the following interface model that supports ALE Radio PTT LPA low power ATU tune External Modem PTT Monitoring and ALE Alarms and this is just one model for the the use of the 8 channels NOTE The use of DO represents Data
38. R break break case FRAME FOR ME_ CLEAR delete_linked_address current_other_address gt address display_cleared_with current_other_address gt address if count_linked_addresses 0 Only resume scan if no linked stations left equip_clear_linked resume_scanning break case INITIATE_FRAME Start a new 3 way handshake if frame_in_progress CLEAR Only if the channel is free otherwise back off set_termination_this_is goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period switch outgoing_call_type case ALL_ CALL case INDIVIDUAL CALL link_state IND_LINKED WAIT _COMPLETION_OF_INITIAL_ FRAME break case NETWORK CALL case GROUP_CALL case ANY CALL link_state NET_LINKED_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_INITIAL_FRAME break default dprintf Unknown call type while linked n r display_bar CLEAR break else start_timer INITIATE_FRAME 1000 break case INITIATE CLEAR Send a This was frame if frame_in_progress CLEAR Only if the channel is free otherwise back off Goto transmit set_termination_this_was goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_state LINKED_BRINGING_DOWN_LINK else start_timer INITIATE_CLEAR 1000 break case TWA_TIMER Timed out due to inactivity reset_linked_addresses equip_clear_linked resume_scanning break case SM POLL_TIMER See if anything is waiting
39. S IS SOUND switch event case TWT_ TIMER Commence the sound goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_state THIS_IS SOUND_IN_PROGRESS display_bar CLEAR break case RX_ FRAME BEGIN Abandon the Sound as other activity on the channel resume_scanning break default display_bar CLEAR break break case THIS WAS SOUND_IN_ PROGRESS switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Send the sound send_this_was_sound display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE Return to scanning resume_scanning break default display_bar CLEAR break break case THIS IS SOUND_IN_ PROGRESS switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Send the sound send_this_is_sound display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE Listen for 2 seconds before continuing to scan start_timer DWELL_TIMER 2000 link_state PAUSE_SCAN_TO_LISTEN_FOR_CALL break default display_bar CLEAR break break default break Update the status bar only when necessary if display_bar SET display_status_bar Call Proceedures Description Initiate a new outgoing call X Parameters others list of pointers of addresses to be called nr others number of addresses in the list 7 own own address to be used when making the call oy Public void make _ link const char others int nr_ others Clear Proceedures X
40. TTL level NOTE COMI can be used for Radio PTT via either the RTS line regardless of this being the active interface mode or not When it is not being used as part of the current interface COMI it can be used for CAT control for PTT The alternate to this approach would be to make use of a GPIO pin for PTT NOTE COMS is TX only it can be use for CAT control and RTS PTT NOTE It may be possible to also make use of the Serial Debug Port Header interface via and FDTI or Prolific USB cable interface for serial remote control NOTE If an LCD Keypad is installed some or all remote control functionality may not be accessible when RS 232 port Remote Control is enabled 6 Remote Serial Asynchronous I O via the LS FS HS USB 2 0 Host Port using a USB 2 0 Bridged Cable NOTE Should MIL STD data modem support be provided 2 USB ports will be required for its stand alone use with one port for Remote Control and one port for Data messaging A pair of USB 2 0 Bridged Cables will be required for this interface method for all features To use the LS FS HS USB 2 0 Host Port a powered USB hub will also be required for MIL STD data modem support Make sure any use of a Hub is made by the Hub being plugged into the USB Host connector and powered on before powering on the BBB NOTE The HS USB 2 0 Client Port may also be supported for ALE remote control and data in limited testing to date multiple instances of PuTTy have been used to connect via the
41. T_TIMER calculate_twrt_period link_state IND_ WAIT_RESPONSE break case KEYDOWN_TIMER Transmitter keyed start sending calling frame if single_multi MULTI_CHANNEL_OPERATION Send a scanning section send_call_frame else read length of scanning section from database send_sclc_call_frame display_bar CLEAR break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND_ WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_RESPONSE switch event case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE Response frame has been sent listen for ack goto_receive Start the response timer twrt used instead of twr start_timer WRT_TIMER calculate_twrt_period link_state IND_ WAIT_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT break case KEYDOWN_TIMER Send the response frame send_resp_frame display_bar CLEAR break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND_ WAIT_COMPLETION_ OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Transmitter ramped to full power sent ack send_ack_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE We are now linked goto_receive equip_set_linked enter_linked_state next_frame_to_send break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND_ WAIT_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT switch event case DCD_DETECTED We maybe about to hear the acknowledgement J Start the WRT timer with a value of 784 ms 2 Trw We must hear the start of the respon
42. USB Client Port NOTE If an LCD Keypad is installed some or all remote control functionality may not be accessible when USB port Remote Control is enabled The ability to use a given interface selection above for OTA communications will be predicated on a combination of sensing any required device being attached and user configuration where the details are to be determined I still need to map out an entire interface tree and fallback scenario as to dealing with the lost of communications with any of the devices involved with any of the interface options as to which interface will come alive predicated on devices present even though not currently selected as the active interface The only obvious path is when there exists an integral front panel LCD 6 key Keypad to fallback to for use interface support when another interface was in use however its not standard feature as will COTS hardware modems To Be Determined There are a number of issues that require solution which are being added to a developing TBD list of items at this early stage of the exploratory process aside from just the technical issues There are also distribution issues that are TBD as well for one thing I am leaning toward a full turn key distribution to include the Debian Wheezy Hard image that would include the application software pre installed and configured for particular hardware option configurations for all MARS uses to maintain system integrity and consistent
43. Used for Then the following GPIO pins are mapped to the four User LEDS on the PCB which should likely be avoided USER LED GPIO PIN User LED 0 GPIO1 21 User LED 1 GPIO1 22 User LED 2 GPIO1 23 User LED 3 GPIO1 24 PWR USR3 USR2 USR1 USRO ak ca co a mM mo moka erne So just how many GPIO lines are free and clear for BBB ALE use at all times it would own the OS is to be determined Then a range of GPIO pins can be allowed for user selection for application use among those known to be free and clear and those that the user can make clear on their hardware by not using HDMI audio and video for example For a user that chooses not to free up GPIO pins for use but yet needs I O for signaling other means such as external USB port based DLP Design devices can be used All of the GPIO pins are 3 3v max and can be configured as inputs or outputs Any GPIO can be used as an interrupt and is limited to two interrupts per GPIO Bank for a maximum of eight pins as interrupts The max output current varies by pin some pins have 4mA and for some 6mA limit A GPIO port needs to enabled for use and can be set to provide events where an event can trigger on a signal rising edge falling edge or both All of the GPIO lines that are found to be available for our application will be mapped to potential uses such as Radio PTT Radio Muting ALE Alarms external TNC and Modem PTT monitoring Antenna Switch control ATU
44. _TIMER WRT TIMER SWT TIMER TWRN_ TIMER TWAN TIMER TWA_TIMER INITIATE FRAME INITIATE CLEAR INITIATE POLL INACTIVITY TIMEOUT STATE MACHINE POLL TIMER RADIO TIMEOUT LQA AGE TIMER TRANSPARENT ESCAPE TIMER The existing CSU interface between ALE Controller and Radio equipment however is very bare where the current model covers the basics with Key the transmitter Un Key the transmitter Read the status of the PTT line Mute the receiver Un Mute the receiver Put the ATU in circuit Put the ATU out of circuit In addition there is only support for one each particular model KENWOOD and ICOM radio with hard code baud rate parameters There is support of CAT Frequency and Mode control using USB as the mode and no CAT PTT Also there isn t actually any implementation of ATU support for direct control coded or for actually reading the status of the PTT line Basically this project was designed for a narrow HF SSB transceiver focus where at 4800 baud most any KENWOOD radio of the era would work as that was the only baud rate the manufacturer supported However as to ICOM as only 19 200 baud coded the radios supported at that time were limited to the latest models In addition there is no consideration given to the issue of PA Spectral Purity Filter Relays and ALE scanning The Ranked State Machine CSU handles handshakes and calls and calculates swt and twrn period and ranks stations by LQA it is the Ranked State Machine that is the heart of
45. aged appearance However as this is a build it yourself approach the packaging is all up the end users needs and budget The case below by Logic Supply provides an internal 4x20 LCD keypad These units can also be had specifically package for automotive use where proper D C cabling and even ignition interface wiring can be had as seen below in a rear view Logic Supply also sells their case with Crystalfontz 4x20 LCD display as a separate package intended for their Atom based Mini ITX form factor boards they market However the ARM based BBB and its out board codec board could be installed into it as well The case with 4x20 LCD display its currently priced at 175USD where the details can be found at http www logicsupply com ml251 Icd __ SID U There are so many suitable cases to mount the BBB or Intel Atom boards in that I can not list them all here However a decent looking 50USD case which could house the supported 4x20 LCD display where the rear would become the front so as to mount the LCD display in the opening for a rear panel It can be had via Amazon or direct from the manufacture at http www amazon com dp B0087TS1S4 ref asc df B0087TS1S43061659 tae thefind 0131442 20 amp creative 395261 amp creativeASIN B0087TS 1S4 amp linkCode asn or at http www mitxpc com proddetail asp prod 557 The same outfit for one stop shopping also has the Intel Atom Marshalltown board http www intel com content www us en motherboards des
46. ange options snd usb audio index 2 to options snd usb audio index 1 which will allow ALSA to load the USB sound driver as card 1 NOTE The built in HDMI is card 0 You can disable the HDMI but it really gains you nothing and you might want to use it later Then after rebooting now the the USB Audio CODEC can be selected in alsamixer as the default sound device and it is retained upon restarting alsamixer However now the TI Black HDMI can be selected and retained on restart After rebooting a test was made using aplay MDM3001_600Ltest wav Which resulted in Playing WAVE MDM3001_600Ltest wav Signed 16 bit Little Endian Rate 48000 Hz Mono Where the USB Signalink as the default device does indeed now play the test serial tone modem wav file recorded from the MDM 3001 modem Date and Time Supporting ALE requires the proper Date and Time to accurately display and store information pertaining to ALE intercepted signals Accurate Time is also a requirement to provide ALE Link Protection LP support As the BBB does not contain an on board battery backed up real time clock the choices are Manually User Entered Date and Time Real Time Clock Module with Battery Back up GPS Receiver Internet Time Server ALE Over the air Time Server oe a The issues with item 1 is that the user must enter the Date and Time each time BBB ALE is booted from a call start which if it were to always run and accurate information wa
47. ary executable binary library data configuration startup linked unlinked shutdown and main ALE database file e classes Where files pertaining to supported device classes will be maintained using Dynamically Linked Library files with so suffix specific to BBB ALE NOTE Under desktop Windows the format is DLL e aatu antsw gps Ipa modem radio e wxsta e dalog Where the DALOG files ending in da will be saved dict Where DICTIONARY files are maintained e download Where the files downloaded via DBM FTP e help Where the HELP files ending in HLP will be maintained HELP files detail MMI commands via any port which supports the execution of an MMI command e macro Where the MACRO files ending in MAC will be maintained MACRO files are user created using MMI commands and arguments e ops Where the OPTIONS files ending in OPS will be maintained Options files contain all operational parameters of the program expressed in MMI commands and arguments that are not used in QRG files e owlog Where the OWLOG files ending in ow will be saved e qrg Where the QRG files ending in qrg will be saved QRG files contain Scan Group NET and OTHER station data expressed in MMI commands and arguments e scripts Where all BBB ALE related Shell Script files will be maintained to include the installation configuration and update scripts and the operational scripts such as linked and unlinked All of these areas require a lot of analysis a
48. canning Private void resume_scanning void Actions to take when re entering linked state Private void enter linked state void Link State Machine The Link State Machine is the heartbeat of the ALE controller Here is a pseudo code representation of the Linked State Machine flow switch link_ state Scanning disabled case SCANNING STOPPED switch event case START SCAN single_multi MULTICHANNEL _ OPERATION enable_scanning resume_scanning link_state SCANNING break case INITIATE_ FRAME Start of a call reset_linked_addresses Start the listen before transmit timer Should be different for different modes start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period Go to state where seeing if other traffic link_state LISTEN _FOR_ACTIVITY BEFORE CALL break case STOP_SCAN This will cause an update to the display break default display_bar CLEAR break break Scanning through the group of channels looking for ALE activity case SCANNING switch event case DWELL_TIMER scan_radio start_timer DWELL_TIMER get_dwell_period reset_parser driver_word_resync single_multi MULTICHANNEL _ OPERATION break case DCD_ DETECTED Stop scanning and listen for long enough to detect a digital DCD Only do this if no scan command is in progress otherwise it will stop on the wrong channel 2 if scan_in_progress SET lin
49. cted the USB client cable to a PC running PuTTy for Man Machine Interface MMI represents a minimum BBB ALE configuration and total estimated cost of approximately 175USD The addition of operational configuration options presented later herein e g LCD display module by the end user do not enter into the initial cost equation In addition to ALE Modem Controller support the BBB may be able to support a full ALE Modem Controller w MIL STD Data Modem capability predicated on its ability to support the CPU loading of the data modems Digital Signal Processing requirements implemented in software Preliminary Efforts I have performed a great deal of study regarding both embedded Linux and Windows Embedded Compact 7 WEC7 development The ability of embedded Linux on an ARM processor to support a software defined ALE modem and its DSP processing requirements seems to be a given whereas the ability to do so for a MIL STD Data Modem is questionable However the ability of an ARM WEC7 combination on the BBB in providing the required floating point DSP processing required of in a software defined implementation without presenting too much CPU or RAM use for MIL STD Data Modem use is very doubtful There is however the potential of doing so as an ALE modem controller which may be explored at some point I have been configuring cross development platforms and tool chains and building image distribution libraries for ARM and Angstrom Linux targeting t
50. ded from the manufacturer in the form of drawings and templates The 6 keys are Up Down Left Right which are obvious Enter being the green check mark in the center and Exit being the red X button The Keypad on units with it integral is also used for Power On via the Enter key and Power Off via the X key as desired The type of keyboard activity events returned are KEY UP PRESS 1 KEY DOWN PRESS 2 KEY LEFT PRESS 3 KEY RIGHT PRESS 4 KEY ENTER PRESS 5 KEY EXIT PRESS 6 KEY UP RELEASE 7 KEY DOWN RELEASE 8 9 KEY LEFT RELEASE 9 10 KEY RIGHT RELEASE 10 11 KEY ENTER RELEASE 11 12 KEY EXIT RELEASE 12 el ad eae a a As such in addition to normal use additional functionality can be achieved by monitoring the duration of time between a key press and key release such as the X key being pressed longer than x to validate that Power Off is desired as the result The 4 bi color status LED s of the 4 line displays will get plenty of use as well in providing status on states and events taking place in a multi functional use of each LED based on what operations are being performed and use of steady state or changing state and color of the given LED The 4x20 LCD display has great potential for data entry and editing with the data being entered for sending also being displayed on the LCD panel and no keyboard required in a pinch but supported for use with the LCD panel which I really like the idea of providing as a full keyboard and the L
51. ection The debug port header accepts the 20USD FTDI to TTL cable where the 3 3v version is required http www ftdichip com Support Documents DataSheets Cables DS_TTL 232R CABLES pdf Pin 1 on the cable is the black wire and connects to pin 1 on the debug header on the BBB If there 1s a use for the debug port in BBB ALE all the time with the PC then this cable would likely be the best route to take where it would be fished out the case However I bought the Adafruit 3 foot USB cable P N PL2303 with individual pin connector terminations for more versatility in other uses It is a Prolific device based cable available for 10USD as seen below There are four wires with the Adafruit cable Red power Black ground White RX into USB port and Green TX out of the USB port The power pin provides the 5V 500mA direct from the USB port and the RX TX pins are 3 3v signal level vs 5v TTL Where the Red wire D C power connection from the USB port of the PC is not required as seen below f Se uP ro t 5 j ad a pudi t i gt lt y n Cornet Y Pom 49039443 001 01 i PACT Aky F _ Q E bang 4 a he 3 Pir afi tte s e 5 Hi Hill Pe uae 4 mel i ae g pe T praene ze l No r ch dar n a a ail Either of the two above cable approaches would permit always have the cable connected even with the case attached Another apparently popular approach
52. er only or to an ALE modem controller with MIL STD Data Modem The BBB as a host for ALE is pretty much a sure things its ability to host Military serial tone modems 1s still to be determined BBB Evaluation to date To date work on the BBB host has been in Linux where a STANAG 4285 modem test core using the audio cape as seen below which when tested on an x86 15 core Linux laptop results in 5 or less CPU loading whereas on the BBB the same code built with a host of ARM compiler optimizations results in greater than 50 loading down from 98 initially 50 should be within the green zone or close for serial tone modem use as long as the CPU speed governor is always locked to the maximum speed which it was not at first The next step was to be a Linux OS change to Debian Wheezy Hard that supports hardware floating point math to gauge improved loading over the shipped Angstrom Linux distribution which only supports software floating point operations However an official Debian image based on Wheezy for the BBB has been released which supports Hard Floating point and is now being evaluated There is likely no question that the BBB is suitable for the basis of an ALE modem controller as CPU loading will be much less for ALE However it does however represent the minimum class of host hardware for the MARS member on a very small budget and one that likes the approach of roll your own packaging as to case etc Should the BBB be up to the task o
53. es can be over come it would permit adding serial tone modem support for ALE follow on within the BBB ALE package It is my opinion that the BBB hits the ARM price point spot on target However if it also provided on board High Definition Audio on board and a dual core ARM and twice the Flash storage and RAM for another 50 total cost then we would really have the ARM board we need in support of BBB ALE However as that is not the case we can only dream of future developments and see what can be achieved using the current BBB BBB Evaluation Efforts to date have been performed using a BBB under Angstrom Linux along with a standard BBB Audio Cape provided for hardware modem development evaluation Based on my testing to date the unit holds promise of being up to hosting a Military serial tone modem The use of Linux however appears to be the only suitable OS solution for the BBB and MIL STD Data Modem support in a traditional non GUI hardware modem only configuration However for ALE use with no integral serial tone data modem support perhaps the use of Windows Embedded Compact 7 could be made Then the BBB with a small 4 3 480x272 dot 16 bit LCD graphics display with touch screen option via RS 232 PC BUS OR SPI BUS could provide a stand alone portable ALE GUI solution with a stripped down GUI feature set similar to that of desktop MARS ALE could be complemented Such a port would not be as strait forward as with WES7 as WEC7 has a li
54. f a software defined MIL STD serial tone modem then an integrated package with ALE and Data Modem for follow on configuration can be developed for MARS use The standard BBB Audio Cape the first generation of which I have a second generation design has been released recently has already been ruled out for use with the MIL STD Data Modem effort however it may be suitable for use with ALE as audio requirements are not as stringent for ALE For BBB ALE the end user may also be able to make use of USB audio devices such as the USB Signalink either AS IS or repackaged as desired into the BBB ALE case by the end user A third party Codec board will likely be required for MIL STD Data Modem application and a potential one has already been identified but has yet to be sampled The manufacturer may also enhance the codec board with a TXCO and it is estimated to cost about the same price as the standard BBB audio cape Among other benefits of the 3 party codec board is that it will free up the HDMI port for potential uses for video and perhaps audible user alarms for someone so configured as HDMI support must be disabled when the audio cape 1s used wot ioe M im as TE u t a TE iE EF T a wh It has also been determined that the BBB requires a well regulated 5 1v D C source satisfying the overall current load and thus can easily be configured for 12v D C operation and long term battery powered operation Any use of p
55. float The use oif hardware floating point unit FPU support using the NEON SIMD architecture extensions with the proper compiler optimizations settings has so far resulted in a reduction of CPU loading to just over 40 this was from 98 then to 67 at first Running the CPU with the Governor locked at a 1000Mhz clock and the use of all ARM hard float optimizations features that yield gains will be utilized to achieve the best performance Below is a screen cap of the top utility displaying the stanag executable while hunting for S4285 preamble and the resulting CPU loading and memory usage tin ho g W in Bj I I Cj i LI J Cl Lo LA Co fe 0O mM C EL it iT a l C3 Ln LI LH Li oO w ik in ino b to ET i eee e J E E 1 oC i 4 nl i co 6G 1 Oo oO 7 ee eS om Loi La oA tC O O ett i La tl to to ta Pj a in Ci Ci Ci ct oom oo F Li fo ca if fer Abe oun Bi oom a Lad m Co BJ wo i r if 1 aam a ee a i k T 1 pfs 5 D g i A a S a Oo O ct 7 in fd co cn L n DSS a Pa ET in ci fo co on rem CJ 6 Fi x x A A ho BO BO BO Bo BO OR OU OR OD 5 5 I ET eer eS i i oO ct ct L O co Ln fai Ar H Ki a mra Le ma tC m m oe i i Ll o ct L Ldi Ll rh ct m A a a p i I SAE h E J am D m J L Ci co
56. form not supported 0 548907 tps65217 bl tps65217 bl no platform data provided 0 612522 bone capemgr bone_capemegr 9 slot 0 No cape found 0 649629 bone capemgr bone_capemegr 9 slot 1 No cape found 0 686737 bone capemgr bone_capemegr 9 slot 2 No cape found 0 723847 bone capemgr bone_capemegr 9 slot 3 No cape found 0 740010 bone capemgr bone_capemer 9 slot 6 BB BONELT HDMIN conflict P8 45 5 BB BONELT HDMD 0 749588 bone capemgr bone_capemegr 9 slot 6 Failed verification 0 756324 bone capemgr bone_capemegr 9 loader failed to load slot 6 BB BONELT HDMIN 00A0 prio 2 0 772863 omap_hsmmc mmc 5 of_parse_phandle_with_args of reset failed 0 835449 pinctrl single 44e10800 pinmux pin 44e10854 already requested by 44e10800 pinmux cannot claim for gpio leds 8 0 847139 pinctrl single 44e10800 pinmux pin 21 gpio leds 8 status 22 0 854424 pinctrl single 44e10800 pinmux could not request pin 21 on device pinctrl single Loading please wait Scanning for Btrfs filesystems systemd fsck 204 rootfs clean 75612 111104 files 374073 444160 blocks Debian GNU Linux 7 beaglebone ttyO0 default username password is debian temppwd Support FAQ http elinux org Beagleboard BeagleBoneBlack_Debian The IP Address for usb0 is 192 168 7 2 beaglebone login 27 176084 libphy PHY 4a101000 mdio 01 not found 27 181354 net eth0 phy 4a101000 mdio 01 not found on slave 1 NOTE At this
57. g e Regulation from 13 8 12v D C to 5 1v D C and any other required voltages distribution and fusing for the BBB and other devices e USB 4 or 6 port hub option or standard feature on the board would be a big plus e An Audio Codec with TXCO and radio impedance isolated interfacing e BBB UART to RS 232 and perhaps an RS 232 RS 485 configurable port with CTS RTS and DTR e GPIO to real world I O interfacing for PTT and other uses e All serial port audio and GPIO signal connections to the real world via standard DB 9 and DB 25 connectors A detailed definition as to the GPIO lines use for radio application would be required for such a EPCB I idea would be to allow for use of the lines that support HDMI as auxiliary GPIO in case the end user wanted to actually use HDMI for video display The I2C bus although perhaps used on the EPCB for the audio codec and or other uses would also need to support auxiliary uses such as from LCD Keypad support The EPCB should also permit either direct connection to the 6 pin serial debug port or extend its access via interconnection to the EPCB The OEM of the Codec board of interest also designs their products on header boards with project specific circuitry such as serial I O voltage regulation etc and plug in the audio Codec PCB and BBB as can be seen in the following image Crcreczerrr EFEFEF SIII ITTIA Adda 4 die ip T E TELTE ETE h a M T Hos LIMUN LERA i BE L
58. he Beaglebone Black BBB for evaluation I have now started doing so for the recently released official Debian image for the BBB as I have now installing it for development and testing in my current STANAG data modem evaluation efforts I also have the WEC7 BSP for the ARM on the BBB and will investigate that as well via an SD boot or a second BBB Why the BBB There are many ARM single board computers on the market under 100USD and more coming along all the time The important thing as from the technical aspects in my view is that the selected host s be backed by a large manufacturer where they have worldwide COTS distribution for easy to purchase and were the host is well documented and has decent user community support networks Keeping that in mind the most widely available to now include walking into your local Radio Shack where it is value added packaged with extras at additional markup cost is the very popular Beaglebone Black BBB TI ARM Cortex A8 1Ghz CPU based board for 45USD running embedded Linux http www youtube com watch v FcqQvH41OR4 Designed by TI engineers and having a large and growing user community support model there 1s a ton of material and many embedded operating systems choices to includes WEC7 for the BBB The features of the BBB http beagleboard org Products BeagleBone Black are rather impressive for its cost per unit and size Processor TI Sitara AM3359AZCZ100 32 Bit RISC Microprocessor 200
59. here two way data exchanged is not a requirement This can work for radio control with caveats as no data returned from the radio will be support thus no polling support however for actual operation that 1s not required of most HF SSB transceivers All ports are 5v TTL thus a TTL UART to serial adapter circuit will be required for interfacing to any RS 232 device such as an HF SSB radio If used for a interfacing to an LCD Keypad display then direct connection is permitted USB Port Serial Adapter To achieve a full TxD RxD RTS CTS DSR DTR DCD RI and GND DB 9 capability the use of a standard FTDI chip based USB RS 232 adapter will likely work what with the out of the box FTDI driver support However I have not tested this as of yet as could not find any here to test with However I tried and was happy to find that the Prolific PL2303 based unit of which I have a number of here these being the ones that LDG provided with the AT 200PC ATU are apparently working as serial port ttyUSB1 seen below from an edited dmesg listing 9990 054137 usb 1 1 2 new full speed USB device number 7 using musb hdrc 9990 134625 usb 1 1 2 default language 0x0409 9990 134900 usb 1 1 2 udev 7 busnum 1 minor 6 9990 134915 usb 1 1 2 New USB device found id Vendor 067b idProduct 2303 9990 134927 usb 1 1 2 New USB device strings Mfr 1 Product 2 SerialNumber 0 9990 134939 usb 1 1 2 Product USB Serial Controller 9990 13495
60. ing features from the current PC ALE and MARS ALE projects such the Smart Scanning Calling 2G Listen Before Transmit and AMD Retries as well as developing features such as Link Protection in the box GPS receiver option will be required and LQA In Call Individual Linking Call being developed for MARS ALE at the request of Army MARS The initial BBB focus has been using the existing S4285 unproto modem core as ported from the x86 based Linux C code S4285 AX 25 terminal project baseline as modified where reducing the CPU loading been the goal The initial effort was under Angstrom where running modem receiver and observing CPU loading from the DSP processor and working to mitigate that loading on the ARM processor has been the main effort which have resulted in a reduction from 98 at first to using less than 60 with ARM specific compiler floating point math optimizations enabled and in the proper order as seen below gcc Wall O3 mcpu cortex a8 mfpu neon ftree vectorize mfloat abi softfp ffast math fsingle precision constant control c interleaver c convolutional c transmit c general c tables c receive c eqnew c kalman c demodulate c io queue c psuedo c frame c crc c ostanag Im The following video is of decoding an 4285 ASYNC 300bps LONG transmission under Angstrom www n2ckh com MARS ALE FORUM BBB S4285 300LONG T2 wmv The new Debian OS release that replaced Angstrom and its Soft Float supports Hard
61. inked _addresses void Actions on outgoing addresses Outgoing addresses are those addresses we wish to link to Private const char out_address MAX NET SIZE Private void reset_out_addresses void Private void add out _address const char address Private void add out _addresses const char address int number Delete an address from the list of outgoing addresses Private void delete out address const char address The following stations have not responded to the call Update their LQA to reflect this Private void update Iqa for non _respondies void Private void prepare ack addresses void MOTD Processing Private void process any motd void Functions to calculate timer parameters Private long calculate _twrt_period void Private long calculate _twr_period void Private long calculate _twan_period void Setup the next channel for a call Private int prepare channel for sending void Private int prepare net for ranking const Net address net const char member Ts a frame currently being received Private void is frame _in_progress const Events event Private void stop all timers void Disable all possible timers stop_timer TWT_ TIMER stop_timer KEYDOWN_ TIMER stop_timer SWT_TIMER stop_timer TWAN_ TIMER stop_timer TWRN_ TIMER stop _timer WRT_ TIMER stop_timer WRTT_ TIMER stop_timer DWELL TIMER Go back to s
62. is a COTS solution from Logic Supply for 20USD simplifies packaging of an RS 232 port into a small case and supports configuration for DTE or DCE use Logic Supply also offers small inexpensive metal cases for mounting the BBB and their RS 232 option board as well as offering long ribbon to D connector cables for larger cases see http www logicsupply com components beaglebone capes cbb ttl 232 The case with CBB TTL 232 installed is pictured below in Orange Black is also available All ports on the BBB are exposed to the world for connectivity It can hold not only the CBB TTL 232 board and its ribbon cable but should also hold the codec PCB with TXCO option that is of interest for data modem adhered to the serial board for use as pictured in the mockup image below Xg oaaRnesssanss F es coer itn E M Ee ra Ce a ota mean i on we n Temes rel amy ji SIVeSVs Vesey The pop out switch hole next to the ethernet port connector can be used to bring out a cable with ground audio in out and radio PTT lines retained with a nylon tie on either side of the case or perhaps a connector like PS 2 mouse or S Video could be used Then an even larger case will be required should any needed PCB s for ADC or GPIO or UART to RS232 and 12v DC to 5 1v DC operation and possibly and internal USB hub be utilized Not to mention a case large enough to accept an internal LCD Keypad for a truly functional and professionally pack
63. k_state PAUSE_SCAN_TO_LISTEN_FOR_ CALL start_timer DWELL_TIMER DCD_PAUSE_PERIOD break case RX FRAME BEGIN Start of a new frame must listen to see for me stop_timer DWELL_TIMER link_state PAUSE_SCAN_TO_LISTEN_FOR_ CALL break case INITIATE_FRAME Start of a call reset_linked_addresses Start the listen before transmit timer Should be different for different modes start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period Go to state where seeing if other traffic link_state LISTEN _FOR_ ACTIVITY BEFORE CALL break case INITIATE _ALLCALL outgoing_call_type ALL_CALL reset_linked_addresses Start the listen before transmit timer Should be different for different modes start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period Go to state where seeing if other traffic link_state LISTEN_FOR_ ACTIVITY BEFORE CALL break case INITIATE ANYCALL outgoing _call_type ANY_CALL reset_linked_addresses Start the listen before transmit timer Should be different for different modes start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period Go to state where seeing if other traffic link_state LISTEN_FOR_ ACTIVITY BEFORE CALL break case INITIATE POLL outgoing_call_type POLL_CALL reset_linked_addresses Start the listen before transmit timer Should be different for different modes start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period Go to state where seeing if other traffic
64. ktop motherboards desktop board dn2800mt html if one is interested in going the build it all yourself route vs a tested COTS solution see http www mitxpc com proddetail asp prod ITLDN2800MT However taking this route moves from the fanless industrial computer to a fan requirement which the above case and many others support User Display and Data Input Interface All ALE radios and external stand alone ALE modem controllers have LCD displays and some method of user entry for configuration and mode selection and other uses such manual PTT for data modems and message display and message entry with respect to ALE For my vision this type of capability will be a supported option for MARS members that desire such capabilities as it adds cost However it will be inherently supported in the software so that the user can add the option at any time I plan to provide data display via a 4x20 line LCD display where the user can not only display messages live but also scroll back through the last messages received during the current use and perhaps even select saved messages from previous use depending on Data Modem vs ALE applications Also the capability to compose a message on the fly via just a basic LCD keypad interface via navigation and character selection shall be provided for Data Modem and ALE In addition if a keyboard is found available for use as an input device then it will be used for message generation with the message displayed on the
65. mmand used with ADD OPTIONS Minor command used with RESET OTHER ADDRESS Minor command used with ADD and RESET OWN_ADDRESS Minor command used with ADD and RESET PTTD Minor command used with SET QUIT Direct execute command RADIO Minor command used with SET RESET RESET Meta command used with AMD CHANNEL DISPLAY LQA OPTIONS OWN_ADDRESS OTHER_ADDRESS RADIO RESOUND Minor command used with SET RETRIES Minor command used with DBM and DTM RXFREQ Minor command used with SET RXMODE Minor command used with SET SAVE Meta command used with DATABASE SCAN Minor command used with SET SCL Minor command used with SET SELF Minor command used with SET SELECTIVE Meta command used with ALLCALL and ANYCALL SERRORS Minor command used with SET SET Meta command used with CHANNEL DATE DBM DMT FERRORS FVOTES GROUP INACTIVITY KEY MYADDRESS MOTD PTTD RADIO RESOUND RXMODE RXFREQ SCAN SCL SELF SERRORS SOUND SVOTES TIME TXMODE TXFREQ SOUND Minor command used with SET STOP Direct execute command START Direct execute command STATUS Direct execute command SVOTES Minor command used with SET THIS_IS Minor command used with ENABLE and DISABLE TIMEOUT Minor command used with LQA TRACE Direct execute command TXFREQ Minor command used with SET TXMODE Minor command used with SET UPLOAD Direct execute command MARS SOFTWARE VERSION RESERVED MMI COMMANDS AL1 AL2 AL3 AL
66. nd testing some items are given as to both the hardware configuration e g the Governor and locking it to 1Ghz operation and ALE operation e g linked and unlinked e thd e thd It must be noted that some files can represent a lot of data writes if enabled in particular the dalog da and owlog ow files Thus a mechanism is planned for these files to be saved to microSD card storage and transferred to other storage locations BBB ALE User Interfaces I have no specific intentions of providing a Graphical User Interface GUI within the Embedded Linux model via the BBB HDMI interface or any other at this time The main means of BBB ALE configuration will be its ASCII configuration files where the use of nano or any ASCII editor will be required for manual editing In addition scripting files will be provided to configure BBB ALE for known recommended configurations such as to work with a specific audio device configuration or LCD Keypad that will be part of the standard BBB ALE distribution BBB ALE will also support setup via its front panel LCD Keypad interface to some extent if so fitted BBB ALE will also support remote user entered MMI commands for configuration The local and remote interfaces with BBB ALE will offer two levels of command and control 1 Man Machine Interface MMI ASCII commands via ethO and a cross over cable or the USB Client port or usb0 and a bridged cable or perhaps the serial
67. neage of Windows CE vs desktop Windows 7 as does WES7 A complete BBB based basic ALE and or MIL STD modem solution with cables may come in under or about 200USD without options For ALE modem controller use of a display and user interface is more of a requirement but can also be an option when remote controlled only In a basic configuration ALE operation shall be under the control of dumb terminal or other software designed for ALE use otherwise a front panel LCD control interface is required What is the difference between a Modem and a Modem Controller A Modem Controller differs from a Modem in that it also provides the ability either via its firmware or as a conduit under external application software to not only function as a radio modem but to also control other radio equipments e g HF SSB transceiver There are many examples of HF modems and modem controllers aside from an ALE modem controller CCIR 493 SELCAL modem controllers and models of SCS PACTOR modem controllers are two common examples In addition an HF modem that offers auxiliary UART RS 232 or other I O ports that support TX and RX could if an SDK was provided be pressed into use as a modem controller when reprogrammed for the role I long ago was interested in the possibility of such reuse of the Kantronics KAM XL as a potential ALE modem controller Most of the information here would apply equally well to the BBB as a MIL STD Data Modem only or ALE modem controll
68. owered USB hubs should either be those that run off 12v or less as well most are also 5 1v as is the BBB 12 volts fused 3a 2SA 1012 tuf 1800hm 12 volts j YA 7805 reg 5 volts out BBB sE mmmn LEH tuf Ay as T Vouts a 62 LED 4 port USB hub Make sure any use of a Hub is made by the Hub being plugged into the USB Host connector and powered on and that keyboard and mouse as well as USB audio device if being used are plugged in before powering on the BBB BBB ALE for ARS BBB ALE will be made available to the Amateur Radio Service users as an ALE solution based on embedded Linux only It will support an LCD keypad interface and remote via Ethernet Cross Cable or USB with external power or USB miniUSB client only if the computer provides enough current when any supported display is used The standard Audio Cape may be suitable for ALE however its use would rule out the availability of the HDMI video port thus an outboard USB Codec device of the I2C bus TXCO based codec mentioned earlier would be the choice for those users desiring HDMI support Basis of BBB ALE on Linux Linux based BBB ALE as an ALE modem controller shall be based on the existing 386EX ADSP hosted DOS C language code project that was the basis for the MS Windows PC ALE In addition to it being ported to Linux with its existing feature set the project will be enhanced with a number of existing features from
69. performance while also locking out access to OS access to make changes However for Amateur Radio use that may not be the case as the user may be allowed to just use the factory Debian image and install the software and continue to have access to the OS for additional uses
70. point the enter key needs to be pressed to continue Debian GNU Linux 7 beaglebone ttyO0 default username password is debian temppwd Support FAQ http elinux org Beagleboard BeagleBoneBlack_Debian The IP Address for usb0 is 192 168 7 2 beaglebone login root Last login Thu Mar 27 16 47 01 UTC 2014 from 192 168 7 1 on pts 0 Linux beaglebone 3 8 13 bone43 1 SMP Wed Mar 26 14 21 39 UTC 2014 armv7 The programs included with the Debian GNU Linux system are free software the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in usr share doc copyright Debian GNU Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY to the extent permitted by applicable law root beaglebone Exit from Debug port root beaglebone exit logout Debian GNU Linux 7 beaglebone ttyO0 default username password is debian temppwd Support FAQ http elinux org Beagleboard BeagleBoneBlack_Debian The IP Address for usb0 is 192 168 7 2 beaglebone login Although the use of the Linux command dmesg and ifconfig and others can be used to grab a lot of the above information those commands can only be used if you actually succeed in booting to the command prompt or GUI where as the debug port gives you a view during the entire boot process The serial debug port from this point can be used just as would an SSH Telnet connection the main difference being that you are connected prior to the OS being booted via
71. r a major amount of code reuse I will need to develop source code for running the tools under WES7 on the GP PC hosts and especially on the embedded targeted Atom based hosts for both the stand alone terminal configuration and full embedded remote controlled focus with or without manual LCD keypad user interface installed At the same time I am continuing to develop code for S4285 test project on the ARM host under Linux enhance and develop more in the way of performance and features for desktop tools for general PC OS use However at some point down the road all that desktop development effort as to tools for MARS use will likely stop as running the code under those conditions provide less than optimal results Embedded Code Development Effort Below is a breakdown by target host of the initial actual source development effort being taken and planned For details as they take place any MARS member can join the Cross Platform Embedded Development forum http groups yahoo com group MARS CPED where I post information on a fairly regular basis on my progress For BBB ALE and open to all Radio Amateurs join https groups yahoo com neo groups BeagleBoneBlack A LE Project Code Development The BBB or any selected ARM based host as an ALE modem controller shall be based on the existing 386EX ADSP hosted DOS C language code project that was the basis for PC ALE In addition to being ported to Linux the project will be enhanced with exist
72. reading u boot img U Boot 2014 04 rce2 00015 99288ca Mar 12 2014 09 49 41 I2C ready DRAM 512 MiB NAND 0 MiB MMC OMAP SD MMC 0 OMAP SD MMC 1 xxx Warning readenv failed using default environment Net lt ethaddr gt not set Validating first E fuse MAC cpsw usb_ether Hit any key to stop autoboot 0 gpio pin 53 gpio 53 value is 1 Card did not respond to voltage select mmc0 part 0 is current device Card did not respond to voltage select gpio pin 56 gpio 56 value is 0 gpio pin 55 gpio 55 value is 0 gpio pin 54 gpio 54 value is 0 mmcl part 0 is current device gpio pin 54 gpio 54 value is 1 SD MMC found on device 1 reading uEnv txt 1417 bytes read in 6 ms 230 5 KiB s gpio pin 55 gpio 55 value is 1 Loaded environment from uEnv txt Importing environment from mmc Checking if uenvcmd is set gpio pin 56 gpio 56 value is 1 Running uenvemad reading zImage 3717224 bytes read in 207 ms 17 1 MiB s reading initrd img 2870434 bytes read in 163 ms 16 8 MiB s reading dtbs am335x boneblack dtb 25080 bytes read in 11 ms 2 2 MiB s Kernel image 0x82000000 0x000000 0x38b868 Flattened Device Tree blob at 88000000 Booting using the fdt blob at 0x88000000 Using Device Tree in place at 88000000 end 880091f7 Starting kernel Next comes the starting of the Kernel Uncompressing Linux done booting the kernel 0 381698 omap2_mbox_probe plat
73. rs Goto transmit if individual call if incoming_call_type INDIVIDUAL_CALL send response process_any_motd goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_state IND_ WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_ RESPONSE else Net or group call start_timer SWT_TIMER swt_get_swt_period start_timer TWAN_TIMER calculate_twan_period link_state NET_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_RESPONSE break case FRAME _ALLCALL Go into the linked state do not respond add_linked_address current_other_address gt address display_linked_to current_other_address gt address equip_set_linked enter_linked_stateQ break case FRAME _ANYCALL Update own address to respond with update_terminating_address current_own_address gt address Update other address to respond to lead 0 current_other_address gt address update_leading_addresses lead SINGLE_ADDRESS incoming_call_type ANY_CALL Respond as a group or net call using PRN Slot start_timer SWT_TIMER swt_get_swt_period start_timer TWAN_TIMER calculate_twan_period Stay linked after response set_termination_this_is The response will be sent after SWT matures link_state NET_WAIT_COMPLETION_OF_RESPONSE break case FRAME NOT FOR ME Not being called go back to scanning resume_scanning break case STOP_SCAN db_disable_scanning single_multi SINGLE_CHANNEL_OPERATION link_state SCANNI
74. rt must all be configured Under Debian which is the targeted OS for BBB ALE it comes setup with the official distribution image The issues with item 5 deals with standards to bring it about This type of support would work in conjunction with other ALE stations configured to be Time Servers This support will debut in MARS LP ALE in support of LP and can be implemented in BBB ALE It is dependent upon others being operational as an ALE Time Server with an accurate Time source reference In all the cases above after initial boot and all scripts configured running when the BBB ALE API starts if the default Date and Time are found to be prevent than the user will be prompted to enter the current Date and Time into the system for BBB ALE to continue The user entered Date and Time will be verified to be more recent than the last saved Date and Time to continue unless it 1s the first start of the BBB ALE API on the host Expansion PCB The best approach to a turn key BBB ALE solution as to hardware I O requirements would be to design a custom Expansion Printed Circuit Board EPCB which the BBB via its two header connectors would attach The design of a cape would be out of the question due to the foot print size of a cape What would be just right is an EPCB that was to the mini ITX 6 7 x 6 7 in form factor to make use of commercial cases The EPCB would provide e Connection to 13 8 12v D C nominal 8 28vdc systems and on board fusin
75. s root beaglebone tmp aplay list devices Tist of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices card 0 Black TI BeagleBone Black device 0 HDMI nxp hdmi hifi 0 Subdevices 1 1 Subdevice 0 subdevice 0 card 1 CODEC USB Audio CODEC device 0 USB Audio USB Audio Subdevices 1 1 Subdevice 0 subdevice 0 root beaglebone tmp And also root beaglebone tmp aplay L null Discard all samples playback or generate zero samples capture default CARD Black TI BeagleBone Black Default Audio Device sysdefault CA RD Black TI BeagleBone Black Default Audio Device default CARD CODEC USB Audio CODEC USB Audio Default Audio Device sysdefault CARD CODEC USB Audio CODEC USB Audio Default Audio Device front CARD CODEC DEV 0 USB Audio CODEC USB Audio Front speakers surround40 CARD CODEC DEV 0 USB Audio CODEC USB Audio 4 0 Surround output to Front and Rear speakers surround41 CARD CODEC DEV 0 USB Audio CODEC USB Audio 4 1 Surround output to Front Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround50 CARD CODEC DEV 0 USB Audio CODEC USB Audio 5 0 Surround output to Front Center and Rear speakers surround51 CARD CODEC DEV 0 USB Audio CODEC USB Audio 5 1 Surround output to Front Center Rear and Subwoofer speakers surround71 CARD CODEC DEV 0 USB Audio CODEC USB Audio 7 1 Surround output to Front Center Side Rear and Woofer speakers iec958 CARD CODEC DEV 0 USB Audio CODEC USB Audio IEC958 S PDIF
76. s entered would suffice Also whenever it does require a restart for any reason the system would have to prompt the user to enter the Date and Time if found to be at default values The issues with item 2 is that of additional cost and packaging real estate A Real Time Clock Module is required interfaced to the BBB where the I2C bus would be the best approach using a COTS DS1307 http datasheets maximintegrated com en ds DS1307 pdt based RTC module of which there are many inexpensive modules available The issues with item 3 is that of additional cost and packaging and use of 12 GPIO pins if the GPS Cape http www exploitsys com ENG GPS GPRS 20BB 20Cape html is used In addition as with the Audio Cape if used HDMI needs to be disabled due to hardware resource conflicts and I do not know if the Audio Cape and GPS Cape can coexist at this time If an outboard serial GPS unit is used then add the dedicating of a UART port for GPS use The use of a NMEA compatible USB port based GPS device or GPS dongle which are rather inexpensive would seem to be the best GPS hardware solution as only a powered USB hub is required if any other USB devices are being used Make sure any use of a Hub is made by the Hub being plugged into the USB Host connector and powered on before powering on the BBB The issues with item 4 deal with having Internet connectivity to connect with the Internet Time Standard Server configured NOTE Under Angstrom this suppo
77. se frame before this matures start_timer WRT_TIMER 784 break case FRAME FOR ME We are now connected add_linked_address current_other_address gt address display_linked_to current_other_address gt address equip_set_linked enter_linked_state next_frame_to_send break case WRT_TIMER The incomming call has failed resume_scanning break case FRAME NOT FOR ME case RX FRAME END The frame can t have been for us resume_scanning break default display_bar CLEAR break break case IND WAIT RESPONSE switch event case DCD_DETECTED We maybe about to hear the response Start the WRTT timer with a value of 784 ms 2 Trw We must hear the start of the response frame before this matures start_timer WRTT_TIMER calculate_twrt_period break case RX FRAME BEGIN Frame has started stop the timer stop_timer WRTT_TIMER break case FRAME _FOR_ME Response has been heard send acknowledgement if outgoing_call_type POLL_CALL We are polling so send a this was Send last LQA command with no ack finish_pollQ set_termination_this_was goto_transmit display_polled_with current_other_address gt address start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_state LINKED _BRINGING_DOWN_LINK else Remove it from the pending list delete_out_address current_other_address gt address Add it to the received list
78. the current PC ALE and MARS ALE projects such the Smart Scanning Calling 2G Listen Before Transmit and AMD Retries as well as developing features such as Link Protection in the box GPS receiver option will be required and LQA In Call Individual Linking Call being developed for MARS ALE at the request of Army MARS BBB ALE HF SSB Radio device s control will be handled by the user selection of a radio or other class of device driver The model for the radio driver will be published and drivers for specific recommended make models of radio devices will be provided as examples of each radio device class model The ALE controller will be user selectable to either directly control radio devices or allow for remote control The alternative remote radio device means shall be by device control event messages sent out the selected remote control port and a user provided terminal software performing the actual CAT control of the radio and optionally PTT as well any other radio device such as AATU This support will be integrated into the Man Machine Interface MMI event message scripting language Development Progress Where will my embedded efforts be at in 3 or 6 months or a year from now I really don t know I am working as hard and as fast as possible to learn all that is required test configurations and further develop and refine my embedded OS vision and document it for the benefit of all MARS Although WES7 allows fo
79. the debug port As a matter of fact I am using the current PuTTy with serial support is my means of using the debug port with the Adafruit Prolific cable running under 32 bit Windows 7 JTAG Port Header JTAG stands for Joint Test Action Group and is a nickname for the committee that drafted IEEE Standard 1149 1 1990 Standard Test Access Port and Boundary Scan Architecture A good review of ARM based JTAG can be had by a review of the following document http andrewsterian com 424 Lecture22 pdf The BeagleBone White provided for JTAG support via a JTAG emulator using the USB client port However the BBB dropped that support as a cost savings initiative thus making JTAG an added expensive and effort but also making JTAG on the BBB more powerful At this time I am not sure if the JTAG port header will be utilized for in circuit debugging purposes during development due to the cost It s nice to have but truly only required for debugging when all else fails to provide the answer as to why something is not working properly The BBB provides for JTAG support where the JTAG connector requires soldering to the bottom of the BBB by the end user A good run down of the details can be found at http www tincantools com wiki Flyswatter2_BeagleBone Black How To The JTAG interface http www tincantools com JTAG Flyswatter2 html The cable kit http www tincantools com JTAG BeagleBone Black JTAG Adapter Kit html The Open
80. ucceded enter_linked_state break case FRAME NOT FOR ME Handshake has failed enter_linked_state break case WRT_ TIMER Handshake has failed enter_linked_state break default display_bar CLEAR break break case LINKED_BRINGING DOWN _LINK switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER Send this was frame send_init_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE TWAS sent go back to scanning goto_receive ifdef TRACING dprintf ADDS left d n count_linked_addresses endif if count_linked_addresses 0 All addresses have now cleared resume scan equip_clear_linkedQ resume_scanning else Still some linked addresses enter_linked_stateQ break default display_bar CLEAR break break case NET_WAIT COMPLETION OF CALL switch event case KEYDOWN_TIMER We are now transmitting send the calling frame if single_multi MULTI_CHANNEL_OPERATION Send a scanning section send_call_frame else read length of scanning section from database send_sclec_call_frame display_bar CLEAR break case TRANSMISSION COMPLETE The initial frame has been sent goto_receive switch outgoing_call_type case ALL_ CALL No one will respond so go to linked display_linked_to ALLCALL equip_set_linkedQ enter_linked_state break case NETWORK CALL case ANY CALL
81. umerals will be displayed in the order of 1 through 0 followed by punctuation symbols in the order of 3 where a key sequence for selection between number and punctuation characters being displayed for selection will be provided The message being entered will be displayed and scroll on lines I and 2 and be scrollable for editing The dictionary of characters for the selection of message characters will be on lines 3 and 4 When the flashing enabled for message entering CURSOR is positioned on lines I or 2 the ARROWS will be for outgoing message scrolling and navigation to a point of editing When the CURSOR is on lines 2 and 4 the ARROW keys will be for navigating message character selection The use of the Enter and Exit keys will be multitasking and combined with durations pressed all TBD The 17 character of line 4 a SPACE character will insert a SPACE when selected and 18 character a D will switch character dictionaries 19 character a n S will SEND the message and the 20 and last character on the line will EXIT the dictionary and dump the message Below are two simulations of what is planned for implementation beginning with Upper Case Characters and Number selection TEST DE NNNOWWL AR NN ETAONRISHDLFECMUGYPWB VKJX0Z1234567890 DSX Lower Case Characters and Punctuation selection enabled Test DE NNNOWWL AR NNNN etaonrishdlcmugypwb vkjxqz DSX NOT
82. ured and the frame was not the ACK resume_scanning Otherwise its a response from someone else break case FRAME FOR ME We are now linked to the NET or GROUP add_linked_address current_other_address gt address display_linked_to current_other_address gt address equip_set_linked stop_all_timers enter_linked_state break default display_bar CLEAR break break case NET WAIT RESPONSE switch event case FRAME _FOR_ME A call has come in Remove it from pending receipt store delete_out_address current_other_address gt address Add it to the linked store add_linked_address current_other_address gt address display_linked_to current_other_address gt address break case TWRN_TIMER Time is up send acknowledgement if required if count_linked_addresses 0 update_lqa_for_non_respondies Only acknowledge those addresses that responded prepare_ack_addresses goto_transmit start_timer KEYDOWN_TIMER get_pttd_period link_ state NET_WAIT_ COMPLETION _OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT else if outgoing_call_type ANY CALL No responses heard try again if prepare_channel_for_sending ROK We have not exhausted the pool yet Start the listening timer Should be different for different modes start_timer TWT_TIMER calculate_twt_period Go to state where seeing if other traffic link_state LISTEN_FOR_ACTIVITY_BEFOR
83. used by many seems to be direct USB to Serial adapter PCB for around 20USB where as with the FTDI cable you can plug it directly into the debug header on the BBB These units are jumper selectable between 3 3v and Sv uses many vendors carry it details can be found at http www dfrobot com wiki index php FTDI_Basic_Breakout_3 3 SV_ SKU DFR006 5 This approach is obviously limited to lab bench debug applications only vs more field like conditions forget about have having a cable always connected and the case in place The debug port starts displaying the U boot sequence U boot uses a board configuration file called a device tree also called a device tree binary that contains board specific information that the kernel requires to boot the board This file contains all of the information needed to describe the memory size clock speeds on board devices etc This device tree binary or dtb binary is created from a dts source file using a compiler called a device tree compiler dtc We are able to develop our own additions and modifications to the description using Device Tree Overlays DTOs which can be installed in the lib firmware directory of our Linux distributions Here is part of the capture starting a U boot running Debian on my BBB being used for development U Boot SPL 2014 04 rc2 00015 299288ca Mar 12 2014 09 49 41 reading args spl_load_image_fat_os error reading image args err 1 reading u boot img
84. ust not be exceeded e 2 uA current flows into the ADC pin in this range e Ifusing a voltage divider the lower leg that is connected to ground must be lt 1k Ohm e Since we are measuring millivolts resistors with 0 1 error tolerance should be used in a voltage divider e There isa 1 8V reference voltage VDD ADC at Port 9 Pin 32 e The GNDA_ ADC that should be grounded to is on Port9 Pin 34 The pin out listed in pin number ordering is provided in the table below The pin out is also depicted the header display below DGNO 1 2 DGND VDD_3v3 ae vop_3svs sY s 5V SYS_5V GPIO_30 11 12 GPIO_60 13 14 GPIO 48 15 16 GPIO 51 i7 18 lI2zc2_SCL SURG i2c2_sp4 21 22 GPIO 49 23 24 GPIO_15 25 26 GPIO_125 27 28 GPIO_123 29 30 GPIO_120 31 E vop_apc ains 35506 ans 37 38 aino fasmo Aint 41 42 DGND M43 44 DGND GPIO Mapping The BBB offers a lot of General Purpose Input Output GPIO capability Here is the BBB I O header display of all the GPIO lines 65 possible digital I Os P9 P8 VDD_3v3 BIE vv0p_3svs GPIO 38 3 A GPIO_ 39 ss VDD_SV 5 he 5 6 sys_5v BBB sys_sv GPIO 66 7 8 GPIO 67 PWRBUT E 9 10 J GPIO_30 11 12 GPIO_60 GPIO 45 11 12 GPIO 44 es 13 14 a 13 14 GPIO 26 GPIO_48 15 16 GPIO_51 17 18 GPIO_47 15 16 GPIO_46 17 18 12C2_SCL Ma 20 12c2_sDA GPIO_22 19 20 GPIO 63 21 22 21 22 GPIO_ 49 23 24 GPIO_15 GPIO_36 23 24 GPI
85. versal Transformer dp BOOSJ7E69C NOTE If an LCD Keypad is installed all remote control functionality nay not be accessible when the GUI interface is active Remote Ethernet based TCP IP SSH connection via a Cross Over Cable or LAN connection with sockets for Remote Control and Data messaging NOTE If an LCD Keypad is installed some or all remote control functionality may not be accessible when TCP IP SSH Remote Control is enabled NOTE For Cross Over Cable support on a laptop or other PC with only Wireless support a USB to RJ 45 Ethernet adapter such as the Sabrent USB 2 0 to RJ 45 Gigabit 10 100 1000 Ethernet Adapter will be required NOTE For ALE it may be possible to use a USB to Wireless adaptor dongle however they are not all Linux compatible refer to http wireless kernel org en users Devices USB recommended https www thinkpenguin com gnu linux penguin wireless n usb adapter gnu linux tpe n150usb and https www thinkpenguin com gnu linux clearance penguin usb bluetooth micro adapter gnu linux which are well known to work on Linux distributions 5 Remote Serial Asynchronous I O via RS 232 with one port for Remote Control and one port for Data messaging The ports may be physically specified as COM1 Remote Control and COM2 Data A pair of Null Modem cables will be required for this interface method for all features NOTE All ports are TTL UART thus RS 232 level conversion will be required for radios that are not
86. ws you to boot directly from the board and because it is a fast interface the BBB boots very quickly It is a little limited at 2GB but you still can mount a microSD card as a drive for additional storage The use of an SD card does have advantages in that all flash memory wears out from writing to the same cells x number of times the larger the flash memory the long it takes to wear out The BBB has a 2GB 8 bit eMMC embedded Multi Media Card by Micron Semi It has a density of 2GB on a 153 pin Ball Grid Array in a WFBGA package WF means 0 8mm thick It is a NAND flash based device but all internal transitions are handled by the device itself NAND devices are currently more reliable and less prone to bit errors The flash memory controller spreads these writes over all the cells over time and once a cell wears out its dropped from use but that starts excellerating the wear on the remaining cells The on board flash is small so it will wear out fairly quickly compared to a 4GB or 8GB or 16GB SD card etc An excellent write up on a bootable SD card can be found at http eewiki net display linuxonarm BeagleBone Black BeagleBoneBlack SetupmicroSD SDcard SPI I2C and the Timers use 4 pins each for another 12 total CLKOUT2 EHRPWM1A EHRPWMI1A EHRPWM2A EHRPWM2A each use 1 pin for another 5 total In addition a number of GPIO pins are used in the boot sequence and as I understand it should be avoided as well as follows Pin

Three Modem Control Methods:

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