History and Justification - Weatherization Assistance Program
Contents
1. December 2011 10 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Programmable Control A control for whole building fans Air Flow adjustable from 40 to 100 of capacity in 16 increments for background ventilation rate Built in Timer programmed at installation in multiples of 5 minutes for a 12 or 24 hour cycle Boost to full speed for 20 minutes by pressing button Pressing again drops speed to background rate Airetrack by Tamarack fs Ty Alternative Compliance Supplement Path for Existing Dwellings Alternative Compliance Supplement e For existing dwellings only e Provides alternative method of meeting local exhaust requirements in kitchens and bathrooms That do not have any existing LOCAL fan or Where the LOCAL fans do not meet the CFM requirement Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 11 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference A Alternative Compliance Supplement e In each room where local ventilation should be determine deficit relative to required rate How much less than 50 CFM in bathrooms How much less than 100 CFM in kitchens e For each room with a deficit reduce room s deficit by 20 CFM if that room has an operable window a Alternative Compliance Supplement e Add up deficits and divide by 4 e Add the result Supplement to the initial whole building ventilation CFM This becomes the2. etc at the source e Whole building ventilation Dilution air lower concentrations of pollutants e Source control Keep pollutants out of dwelling e This topic is not part of this presentation 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Local Ventilation Exhaust the worst air in the dwelling as quickly as possible Bathrooms Kitchens Garages Crawlspaces 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 December 2011 National Weatherization Conference ASHRAE 62 2 Requirements e Local exhaust fans must be installed in bathrooms and kitchen Bathrooms not half bathrooms e 50 CFM on demand or e 20 CFM continuous Kitchen e 100 CFM on demand or e 5 ACH based on kitchen volume 12 x 14 x 7 5 kitchen requires 105 CFM Vented range hood required if exhaust fan flow rate is less than 5 kitchen air changes per hour Whole Building Ventilation e Dilution ventilation bringing in enough outdoor fresh air to dilute the bad stuff already in the indoor air e Effectiveness depends on the quality of the outdoor air and the concentration of pollutants in the indoor air ASHRAE 62 2 Requirements e Whole building ventilation A mechanical exhaust system supply system or combination thereof shall be installed for each dwelling unit to
3. Conference December 12 15 2011 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 27 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Implementation Putting the issues on the table Implementation requirements How test data and information shapes decision making Challenges that gets solved by e Changes to standards e Administrative requirements e Time and experience Background Changing Housing Stock e Houses smaller tighter Many more 1960 1970 s ranch style units coming into the program e Don t need much insulation e Mechanical have usually been changed out or we will e Issues are often health amp safety Air quality Moisture management CO attached garages e Driven by service territory housing stock e Building Tightness Levels Hit or miss solutions Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 28 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Ventilation Let s find a tool e 2004 2005 July 2004 June 2005 BTLa based on 62 1989 e Large fans continuous ventilation e Learned many lessons Implemented in July e back to the drawing board in August m 62 2 2004 Pilot Whole building Ventilation Rates e Information collected on exhaust flow rates Existing equipment Added or replacement equipment Type of combustion systems e Blower door results e Calculated pressu
4. garages to the adjoining occupiable space Labeling and instructions to occupant Vent clothes dryer to outdoors Air inlets at least 10 from sources of contaminants Sound ratings for installed fans Duct requirements R 8 if outside of envelope 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Determining Whole Building Ventilation 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst 16 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 December 2011 National Weatherization Conference Methods for Sizing W B Ventilation e The whole building ventilation is complicated to size for an existing house because of the infiltration credit Existing methods of sizing include Manual calculation forms DOE Standard Curricula spreadsheet ZipTest Pro for the Texas Instruments TI 89 calculator R J Karg Associates ResVent 62 2 for the iPhone iPad and iPod touch R J Karg Associates TECTITE software The Energy Conservatory 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Calculate with Spreadsheet ASHRAE 62 2 Ventilation Calculation tatereted efitretion OMS0 es 0 008 wane a Man te lere paa We BI oetag tere ooeiew as A t lee ase ae mme mee Sam pta thee Orit Aieten Veise kases A e OF tenant a E EE oo 300 je TT amp 4 CEng 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 www
5. karg com software htm Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst 17 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Ej Vertiiation Inputs Reports For iPhone and iPad Must purchase from Apple app store www karg com resvent622 htm Whole Building Ventilation Options Z Ventilation System Types e System types Exhaust only e Separate exhaust fan s e Ducted in line fan Supply only Balanced system e HRV sensible heat recovery e ERV sensible and latent heat recovery Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 18 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 December 2011 National Weatherization Conference S Exhaust Only Ventilation e Exhausting unit s only no supply ventilation Exhaust fan serving one exhaust point In line fan unit serving one or more exhaust points Creates negative pressure in building e Pulls pollutants from garage etc e Backdrafting potential Source of supply air 2011 DOE National Training Conference Not appropriate for some warm climates Source Proper Design of HVAC Systems for Spray Foam Homes April 2011 by Doug Garrett for Huntsman Corporation Used with permission of Huntsman Corporation Panasonic WhisperGreen Speed compensated for static pressure Constant run CFM from 30 to 70 switch to 80 CFM max Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst 19 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weath
6. new whole building ventilation minimum requirement Calculated before infiltration credit is subtracted a Alternative Compliance Supplement e For existing fans used sound and ducting requirements of 62 2 are not applicable e Must measure flow if ratings don t exist or duct sizing can t be verified If only have rating at 0 10 in IWC but not 0 25 in IWC can reduce rating at 0 10 in IWC by 25 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 12 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference A Alternative Compliance Supplement e Example 1 3 BR 1500 sq ft house KIT 50 BR BR 100 BT Deficit 100 50 50 200 Add 200 4 50 50 MBT Whole house requirement 45 50 95 CFM A Alternative Compliance Supplement Example 2 3 BR 1500 sq ft house KIT 30 BR BR 80 BT Deficit 80 30 18 128 Add 128 4 32 18 MBT BR 32 CFM Whole house requirement 45 32 77 CFM Ly Alternative Compliance Supplement Example 3 Add whole house fan here KIT 0 BR BR 80 BT Deficit 80 0 18 98 BR Add 98 4 25 18 MBT _ 32 CFM Whole house requirement 45 25 70 CFM Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 13 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weat
7. of 1 4 unit buildings get ventilation 99 of those installations are exhaust only 1 exhaust with passive make up air 0 HRV ERV e Where will the fan be located In the attic close to the hatch In the basement In the bathroom e Where will the controls be installed Driven by the type of installation e Near the fan Remote from the fan Installation Issues Production Decisions When and Who e When is the whole building ventilation rate determined Building s natural ventilation rate will changed based on air sealing e If the building needs ventilation prior to Weatherization it will need ventilation post weatherization e When in the WX process is the fan installed Before during or after weatherization e Who installs the fan What can crews or contractors legally do without trades e Are they able to install the fan with an electrician hooking up the power or signing off on the installation e Ducting to the outside e Who makes the final adjustment of fan airflow Crew electrician or final inspector e Trust only trained technicians Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 36 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Installing Ventilation Control Strategy Setting flow rates Continuous at a low rate 20 CFM 24 7 Intermittent at a high rate 60CFM 20 min every hour Boost option for bathroom
8. their homes while ensuring their health and safety Wx and Ventilation Most weatherization has used the BTL or BTLa for many years Some think it is a level that still provides enough air for combustion Some think it is enough for moisture control Some think it is enough for occupants NONE of these are true Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference a Weatherization and Ventilation e Misuse of 62 1989 There has been an ongoing debate How tight is too tight There is a widely held view that the BTL is an abuse of 62 1989 e Not intended as a stop sealing but rather as a how much ventilation standard Often the BTL seems similar to a cost effective air sealing level circumstantially Weatherization and Ventilation e 2005 Wisconsin adopted 62 2 Studies have shown e Add ventilation in about 1 2 of homes e Costs about 600 or so to install e Impacts on humidity and carbon dioxide are beneficial Humidity lower by 4 5 Incidence of excessive carbon dioxide lower especially during mild conditions More details later WAP 11 06 Guidance lt Health amp Safety committee convened Nov 2010 One motivation was to clear up confusion from previous guidance e 8 Subcommittees e All items on the table e g Radon Appliances Ventil
9. to serve as local exhaust and to meet whole building requirement for 62 2 Installing Ventilation Ensuring Flow Rates Performance Testing Measuring flow rates Maintenance of systems Changing filters Cleaning grilles Ducting methods Size and type of material Connections and sealing 4 Sizing Considerations Things to Avoid e Do NOT oversize exhaust Adding more exhaust when existing could serve purpose of meeting required 62 2 Sizing exhaust carefully bigger is not better e Exercise caution in tight dwellings Newer mobile homes can be very tight e Less than 900 CFM e High flow kitchen fans can tip the balance Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 37 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference amp Energy Audit Requirements Local exhaust CFM testing vs estimating Significant perform at less than rated level Actual measurement of the fans best data Building dimensions Number of occupants Blower door test Infiltration credit used at the end of the standard weatherization work Energy Audit End State Planning e Projecting the air leakage reduction e Impact on existing natural draft appliances e Plan for the type and location of ventilation Whole building Local exhaust mechanical installation Energy Audit 2 End State Planning Design the job via a work plan Know
10. ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Ventilation 62 2 Implementing the New Standard Rick Karg Robert Parkhurst Paul Francisco and Martha Benewicz ENERGY What We Will Talk About History and justification Fundamentals of ASHRAE 62 2 2010 Alternative compliance supplement Infiltration credit Secondary requirements of 62 2 2010 Determining whole building ventilation Whole building ventilation options Measuring ventilation performance Implementation for existing dwellings Background Implementation issues Installing whole building ventilation Fine tuning Wisconsin impact study 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 History and Justification 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Standards 62 1989 and 62 2 Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low Rise Residential Buildings 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 A A Brief History of Ventilation Standards e Standard 62 1989 specified 15 CFM per person or 0 35 ACH for the building whichever was greater Nothing for the materials in the space Standard was focused primarily on non residential spaces e With Standard 119 BTL e Also with Standard 136 BTLa 2011 DOE National Training Conference Decemb
11. December 12 15 2011 Ventilation Impact Study Improved IAQ in Most Homes Indoor humidity and CO levels both showed Statistically significant declines in most cases Reduction tied to ratio of ventilation rates to natural ventilation 2011 DOE National Training December 12 15 2011 Conference tudy Wet Buildings Need Other Solutions 2011 DOE National Training December 12 15 2011 Conference Does not solve humidity problems with dwellings with heavy moisture load Still need to deal with source control and targeted local ventilation in problem dwellings 126 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 42 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Ventilation Impact Study lt Further Refinement Suggested e Some homes that didn t have elevated CO or humidity got ventilation based on 62 2 Suggest limiting installations to homes where estimated natural ventilation rate is less than 30 CFM per occupant Would further reduce the incidence rate from 5 to 15 All studies available on Wisconsin s Home Energy Plus website under Technical Reports http nomeenergyplus wi gov section asp linkid 122 amp locid 25 d ak S Wisconsin Ventilation Statistics e Cost amp occurrence rate Single family 62 5 504 per unit 2 4 Unit buildings 46 e 509 per unit Mobile homes 42 e 526 per u
12. ation Hazardous conditions biological chemical etc 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 12 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference a WAP 11 06 Guidance Resulted in many new or clarified rules For ventilation Ventilation Subcommittee recommended to the full committee to adopt 62 2 little to no dissent Full committee approved 62 2 adoption Went through internal review DOE decision made to require 62 2 starting next program year Ventilation vs Infiltration So why not just leave houses leaky instead of spending money on both air sealing and then installing a fan ased on single story 1500 square foot house 250 CFM50 4000 200 Over ventilation wasted energy 150 100 Ventilation Rate CFM Desired ventilation 75 CFM Under ventilation IAQ concerns T T 20 40 60 Outdoor Temperature degrees F Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference y Based on single story 1500 square foot house 150 200 250 Ventilation Rate CFM 100 CFM50 4000 CFM50 2000 Desired ventilation 75 CFM Outdoor Temperature degrees F y Based on single story 1500 square foot house oO 1O N 150 200 100 iL oO g o 2 5 D gt 50 d ab g x
13. be high Intake must be kept clean of yard debris and other outdoor stuff 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Supply Ventilation to Furnace Return Air Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 22 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 December 2011 National Weatherization Conference Results of Bad Terminations Dif Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst 23 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 December 2011 National Weatherization Conference tat kl Balanced Ventilation e Exhaust and supply ventilation are approximately equal CFM Heat Recovery Ventilator HRV e Unit transfers sensible heat only with no humidity transfer Energy Recovery Ventilator ERV e Unit transfers sensible and humidity 2011 DOE National Training Conference Source Proper Design of HVAC Systems for Spray Foam Homes April 2011 by Doug Garrett for Huntsman Corporation Used with permission of Huntsman Corporation 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst 24 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference HRV amp ERV aren t Practical When e Energy is cheap e House is very leaky e There is no place for ducts Whole Building Ventilation Options Comparison Option Pressure Advantages Disadvantages Exhaust only Negative Simple low cost installation No energy recovery Location of supply air uncerta
14. cember 2011 39 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Financial Arguments e Too expensive Hard sell to some cl Defer unit if the e Strays from mar e While insuring e Modeling does e Therm savings e penalty 2011 DOE National Training Conference The Energy Impact of Ventilation e Electrical consumption Adding an electrical draw on the building e Heat Cool energy consumption Exhausting conditioned air e CLIENT perception This installation is adding to my energy bill e Contractor crew perception This installation will add to your energy bill 2011 DOE National Training Conference Energy Impact Net Effect on Building and Cost e Costs will vary based on Heating and Cooling Degree Days The cost of electricity Type and cost of heating fuel Oil is more expensive natural gas is less expensive Northern state natural gas Air Sealing can save 250 year Ventilation costs 75 year to operate e NET gain of 175 and better air quality 2011 DOE National Training Conference Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 40 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Fine Tuning Impact Study 4 Fine Tuning lt WI Refined Whole Building Requirements e Bedrooms vs occupant sizing Move to occupant based sizing e Study indicated potential for over drying in single person households Nor
15. ence Implementing Ventilation Staggered Implementation e Assessed our training capacity Built curriculum pieces Determined how many sessions were required for statewide implementation e Allowed grantees to signup for their training and implementation timetable Implementation required the day after training e Trained August through December 011 DOE National Training Implementing Ventilation Lessons Learned e Local agencies loved staggered process QA monitors did not love it what when e raining covered basic calculations and field planning Primarily inspection staff Dialogue on work flow e Give weatherization professionals and the tools and they will figure out both the problems and the solutions Implementing Ventilation Training Lessons e Needed additional training in ventilation systems Installation options Target inspectors installers subcontractors e Needed Why Ventilate training for staff and customers Staff need to believe in why to sell customers on why Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 35 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Installing Whole Building Ventilation 2011 DOE National Training onference Conference December 12 15 2011 Installing Ventilation What and Where wy e What type of installation Exhaust only ventilation most common option e 58
16. er 12 15 2011 A Brief History of Ventilation Standards e 15 CFM person originated from smell tests in the 1930s Yaglou et al 1936 and more or less again in 1983 Cain et al Fanger et al How much air did we need to not be offended by each other s body odor Used bioeffluents and 1930s hygiene as a surrogate for IAQ Suggested might actually want 20 CFM person e Or 25 CFM for schools e Or even 50 more for schools if the children hadn t bathed or changed their underwear in a week 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference A Brief History of Ventilation Standards e Standard 62 2 First time the ventilation rate took into account pollutants other than bioeffluents Halved the per person part to 7 5 CFM Added a per floor area part to account for these other pollutants e Want 3 CFM per 100 square feet e Assume you get 2 CFM per 100 square feet from infiltration need to deliver other 1 CFM per 100 square feet with mechanical ventilation e Can get credit for more if you measure it with a blower door Wx and Ventilation Mission statement for DOE s low income weatherization program To reduce energy costs for low income families particularly for the elderly people with disabilities and children by improving the energy efficiency of
17. erization Conference Bathroom or Hall Exhaust Fans Photos courtesy of Wisconsin Weatherization Program 100 CFM or 5 ACH of kitchen volume Venmar 1311LS range hood with 40 CFM background amp 75 160 and 270 CFM on demand speeds Exhaust Onlly Inline Source 62 2 User s Manual 2006 ASHRAE Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 20 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 December 2011 National Weatherization Conference Fantech Inline Exhaust Fans MTT Inline Exhaust Fans Photos courtesy of Wisconsin Weatherization Program Supply Only Ventilation gt Supply units only no exhaust ventilation Supply fan serving one supply point In line fan unit serving one or more supply points Creates positive pressure in building Not appropriate for cold climates 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst 21 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference umcontrolbed exhawit air Not appropriate for cold climates Source Proper Design of HVAC Systems for Spray Foam Homes April 2011 by Doug Garrett for Huntsman Corporation Used with permission of Huntsman Corporation Supply Ventilation to Furnace Return Air Ducts must be tight or they can bring in bad air Must have good motorized damper Must be controlled to run even if no heat is needed Furnace fan energy use can
18. herization Conference Infiltration Credit for Existing Dwellings Infiltration Credit Infiltration credit calculation for dwellings built prior to the application of this standard This means existing dwellings If Natural Infiltration gt 2A 100 Then Infiltration credit 0 5 Natural Infiltration 2A 100 A occupiable floor area in ft 1 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 page 4 for whole building ventilation Infiltration Credit e Example 4 3 BR 1500 sq ft house KIT BR BR BT Infiltration 70 2 70 30 20 E Whole building requirement 45 20 25 CFM Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 14 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Infiltration Credit e Example 5 same house but leakier KIT BR BR BT Infiltration 120 1 2 120 30 45 SS Whole house requirement 45 45 0 CFM A Determining Whole Building Ventilation Example Initial mechanical airflow Alt compliance supplement Infiltration credit Whole Building Ventilation RE jt Ey Some Secondary Requirements of Standard 62 2 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 15 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 December 2011 National Weatherization Conference Some Secondary Requirements Must prevent migration of contaminates from attached
19. in Distribution uncertain Supply only Positive Simple low cost installation No energy recovery Distribution control Balanced HRV Neutral Energy recovery High cost of installation Lower operating cost Difficult to install in existing Good air in out control dwellings Good distribution Balanced ERV Neutral Energy recovery High cost of installation Lower operating cost Difficult to install in existing Good air in out control dwellings Good distribution Humidity control a a et Measuring Ventilation Performance Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 25 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 December 2011 National Weatherization Conference Measurement range from 10 to 124 CFM 1 to 8 Pascals 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Exhaust fan flow meter use 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst 26 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Or measure directly with the DG 700 ory ous tai Implementation for Existing Dwellings 2011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 WI s Experience w 62 2 e Why WI opted to ventilate home e Why WI moved to 62 2 2004 Pilot The link between ventilation amp combustion Standard testing requirements Ventilation Implementation issues Can you make it work in the field e Fine tuning the procedures 2011
20. nit Based jobs completed from July 1 2009 June 30 2011 2011 DOE National Training p E _ Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 43
21. nspectors Crews contractors Local program management State quality assurance staff Local and state program administrators 2011 DOE National Training Conference Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 33 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Implementing Ventilation lt Implementation Hurdles e New protocols amp forms Field testing Training amp Implementation Quality assurance issues e Error tolerance e How do you measure success e Management comfort with protocols amp goals 2011 DOE National Training ee eer Conference r 2 15 2 Implementing Ventilation Don t Underestimate Work Flow Issues e Who does what tests when e The numbers change when you re working on the building Depressurization of CAZ Blower door CFM50 numbers CFM of exhaust ventilation required 2011 DOE National Training Conference Work Flow Issues continued e When do you install whole building ventilation What if the numbers change e Start out needing 20 CFM end up needing 70 e New controllers are very helpful Do you need to add make up air How and where Current models are not very helpful e Best case scenario is good end state planning 2011 DOE National Training en December 12 15 2011 Conference Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 34 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Confer
22. pre test post test Zone diagnostics as needed Worst case draft and spillage tests Depressurization limit tests Exhaust appliance measurements estimates Ventilation 62 2 vent calculations Existing actual estimate e Gas range CO testing 2011 DOE National Training Conference 62 2 2004 Pilot Information Collected Exhaust flow rates Existing equipment Added or replacement equipment Type of combustion systems Blower door results Calculated pressure differences 2011 DOE National Training Conference 62 2 2004 Pilot 4 Housing Stock Drives Impact e 62 Units were included in the study Only 3 units were depressurized to limits above allowable levels e The existing exhaust appliances in these 3 units had flow rates that would cause the depressurization levels not ventilation requirements that were added to these units e Anecdotal these results are reflective of actual practice There will always be some problem buildings that need special attention 2011 DOE National Training Conference Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 31 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference 62 2 2004 Pilot Conclusions e Requiring ventilation helps to provide acceptable indoor air quality in homes e Switching to the ASHRAE 62 2 standard to determine ventilation lowers the possible impact on depressurization e Assessment
23. provide whole building ventilation Ventilation based on the table on next slide e These CFM requirements are for whole building continuous ventilation Source ASHRAE 62 2 2010 page 4 Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst 9 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Whole Building Requirements Minimum Ventilation Air Requirements CFM lt 1500 1501 3000 3001 4500 4501 6000 6001 7500 gt 7500 2011 DOE National Training Conference eS ASHRAE 62 2 Requirements Or use Qian z 0 01 Aroor 7 5 Npedroom 1 e Assumes two occupants in master bedroom and one in other bedrooms For higher densities increase by 7 5 CFM per occupant e Ventilation air must come directly from outdoors e Credit is allowed for envelope air leakage in existing homes based on ASHRAE 136 1993 A conditioned space the part of the building that is capable of being thermally conditioned for the comfort of occupants ASHRAE 62 2 p 3 A Method of Determining Air Change Rates in Detached Dwellings ASHRAE 62 2 Requirements e The whole building ventilation requirements of the Standard may be satisfied by intermittent operation e In some cases this is not a good alternative because May require high CFM fan flow rates Must provide automatic control 2011 DOE National Training Conference Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst
24. re differences 62 2 2004 Pilot Whole Building Ventilation Incidence Rates Number of Buildings Requiring Ventilation 100 78 10 46 90 62 1989 62 2 with credit 62 2 no credit Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 29 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference 62 2 2004 Pilot x Whole Building Ventilation Rates F 62 2 1989 Full 62 2 _ 62 2 with Infiltration Credit _ o Oo Rate in CFM Average Median Highest 11 DOE National Training December 12 15 2011 62 2 2004 Pilot Projected Cost and Occurrence e Expected to Install ventilation in 75 80 of units Invest 525 in equipment e Fan amp Controls Install an average of 30 CFM of continuous ventilation Planned follow up study for 2006 Compare to expectation Fine tune the product 62 2 2004 Pilot Depressurization Testing e Negative pressure not significant in stick built units at final Gives us good information about the building e Most of the problems are fixable Verifies the safety at the close of work Appears to be an issue with manufactured housing Newer mobile homes suck big time More later Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 30 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference WI s Standard Diagnostic Testing e Blower door tests As is
25. s on existing equipment versus adding equipment can be done sooner in the weatherization process to smooth production Implementation Issues Implementing Ventilation 62 2 Prescriptive Standard lt doesn t tell you how to do it It gives you definitions It doesn t give you interpretation Basement in or out lt gives you the formulas and options t doesn t provide easy to use tools for retrofit applications It tells you what your end state needs to be It doesn t tell you how to integrate into your oa Work flow Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 32 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Implementing Ventilation How Big Is the Building Habitable Space Building space intended for continuous human occupancy generally living sleeping dining and cooking Not bathrooms toilets hallways storage areas closets or utility rooms Occupiable Space Any enclosed space inside the pressure boundary and intended for human activities but not limited to all habitable spaces toilets closets halls storage and utility areas and laundry areas Implementing Ventilation lt How Big Is the Building i e WP s Position f you d open the basement door to get a CFM If the basement is finished or living space e the basement is in Implementing Ventilation Key Interest Groups Trainers Building occupants amp owners Auditor i
26. t i We i Eer Puri CFM50 4000 CFM50 1000 75 CFM fan CFM50 2000 Desired ventilation 75 CFM CFM50 1000 a 20 Outdoor Temperature degrees F Ventilation vs Infiltration But is it cost effective Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Ventilation vs Infiltration e Costs of running fan Electricity for motor Conditioning of ventilation air e Savings from air sealing Less conditioning of leakage air Ventilation vs Infiltration e Costs example Assume 30 CFM fan running continuously Assume 11 watts Assume 10 cents kWh 1 00 therm 90 furnace Electricity for motor 9 64 Gas for heating in Chicago 22 09 31 73 total annual Higher heating cost for propane or electric heat 011 DOE National Training Conference December 12 15 2011 20 Ventilation vs Infiltration e Savings example Assume starting Q50 3000 CFM Final Q50 1680 CFM Assume 6 people 2000 square feet 2 story Leakage savings in Chicago 90 36 Subtract costs 31 73 Net savings 58 63 annual Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Fundamentals of Standard ASHRAE 62 2 2011 DOE National Training Conference Three Fundamentals of Standard e Local ventilation Vent moisture
27. the depressurization CFM numbers when planning work Assess the impact of planned work e Key juncture sealing e Sidewall insulation e Bypass sealing e Mechanical systems work water heater heating system Project what the final product should be Installers mock up the fan Use a good controller and adjust at final test 2011 DOE National Training Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 38 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference On Site Work Flow e Sub contractor or crew installs the ventilation prior to the installation of other weatherization measures Pre determined that you ll be putting in one or more fans Prior installation allows for proper air sealing and insulation On site Work Flow Use Sophisticated Equipment More sophisticated equipment allows for Adjustable flow rates e Intermittent or continuous operation e Controller is as important as the fan Fan operation is adjusted after the final blower door test Investment is usually cost effective On site Work Flow Safety Testing e Natural draft combustion appliances must draft at the close of work Daily Tests e When significant changes to the building are completed e Weatherization work can change how the appliance perform At completion of all weatherization e Part of the final inspection Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst De
28. thern climate e Established a threshold for whole building ventilation Ventilation not required when 62 2 calculation is lt 15 CFM Building must have local exhaust e Develop customer control package Guidance for what ventilation is What has been installed how to use the equipment e Control options Measure refusal tied to required signature on liability waiver Pk Impact of Ventilation on Weatherized Homes T 2011 Assessing the IAQ of weatherized homes with 62 2 based ventilation 32 weatherized homes e Varying tightness and occupancy levels Remotely controlled ventilation e Turning it on and off e Seasonal Variation IAQ as measured by e Indoor humidity e CO levels in several locations in the homes Benewicz Francisco Karg Parkhurst December 2011 41 ASHRAE 62 2 2010 National Weatherization Conference Ventilation Impact Study Major Findings Humidity 20 had high indoor humidity without ventilation e Less than 50 did not have high humidity levels CO Levels Less than 50 had high CO levels without ventilation e Homes with less than 30 CFM natural occupant did not 62 2 mosily gets it right Tight homes and homes with higher occupancy had higher humidity and CO levels e ASHRAE 62 2 good screening tool for need and sizing ventilation based on measured air leakage and occupancy level 2011 DOE National Training Conference
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