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SPC Quickie98 - Reliable Measuring Systems

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1. If you are following the example select file name CLIP 1234 A Select the file name from the list in the open part window by double clicking on the desired file name or use the arrow keys to highlight the name and press the OK button If only one characteristic was created the chart view window appears instantly otherwise a specific characteristic will need to be selected in a similar fashion 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Quick Start Tutorial 11 The chart view window looks like this The chart view window contains two empty charts a chart information area and screen buttons The two charts are separated by a bold white line The upper chart is the average or X chart The lower chart is the range or R chart Each chart is displayed with a scale on the left Subgroup numbers will appear at the bottom when data are entered On the right side of the window is the chart information area and screen buttons Items in this area are detailed in the Enter Edit area To get started entering data all you really need to understand is the subgroup field and how to exit The subgroup field shows the next subgroup number to be entered Of course new files will start at number one With the cursor blinking in this field press the Enter key or double click on the field This causes the data input window to appear Subgroup 1 1 z 3 4 5
2. Ava Range OK Note Cancel The first fields in this window are date and time The date the subgroup was collected belongs here today s date SPC should be done real time To enter the current date or time press the Tab or Enter key when the cursor is positioned in the field 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 12 SPC Quickie98 2 4 The number of sample lines will always be between one and ten depending on the subgroup size specified Our clip example contains five sample fields Subgroup size of 5 For each of these fields pretend to measure a clip and type in a measured value Of course you will never do this while tracking real parts with SPC If you are using the clip example try to keep all of the values entered inside the specs 0 500 to 0 900 After typing a value move to the next field by pressing the Tab or Enter key or clicking on the next sample field If you make a mistake go up to the line where the incorrect entry occurred by pressing the Up arrow or Shift Tab keys or clicking on the field where the error is Once you have completed the subgroup press OK to store the data After you store the data several things happen The data input window disappears the subgroup data will be stored and the subgroup average and range points will be plotted instantly on the charts Also the subgroup will be set to the next subgroup in the file You are now
3. 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 6 SPC Quickie98 1 2 Vocabulary Let s establish some common vocabulary so you will know what we mean when using certain terms The part is the item being manufactured or the process being monitored In our example the part is a clip The part or process could just as easily be defined as a tank of chemicals a service such as the number of errors committed per hour while processing papers at a bank or the manufacture of a soft drink Quickie98 will process the measurements from almost any service or manufacturing situation The only requirements are that the process generates measurable data over time The operation is a step in the process that produces the characteristic we are measuring The operation being performed on the clip is stamping For other parts or on subsequent operations of manufacturing our example part other operations may be performed such as drilling grinding injection molding extrusion cutoff etc The specifications specs are the values between which all measurements of the characteristic should lie There are usually both lower and upper engineering specifications for the characteristic However sometimes there will only be an upper spec or a lower spec Quickie98 handles even these unusual situations nicely For our clip file example we have a typical characteristic example involving both upper and lower specifications One nice thing about SPC is that you only have
4. test menu of the gage template window then took a transmission string from the gage or gage interface by pressing the read gage button The window looks like this 2014 DataLyzer International Inc z SPC Quickie98 The character string received from the gage has several elements Three spaces are transmitted at the beginning of the string shown as underscores X then a space a sign another space then the measurement value 4 379 Each space these characters occupy in the line is referred to as a column The decimal point is counted as a character So the X measurement starts in column 9 and ends in column 13 The sign is located in column 7 To get the X measurement out of this string automatically each time it is transmitted overwrite the X measurement value 4 379 with number hash signs and the sign with an S This way each time the transmission is sent by the gage the software will use this template to look in these column positions for input values NOTE if the sign is always transmitted right next to the measurement value with no spaces between you can use a number hash sign to overwrite the sign making it part of the measurement value itself Once number hash signs are set where you want them covering the measurement value in the string press the save button Information in the gage template window s reading
5. window looks like this Control Chart Averages upper Lower x ae Cancel Lower p Histogram High value 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 36 SPC Quickie98 Control Chart Fields To enter your own scaling enter the top and bottom values for the X bar graph scale in the fields indicated averages upper and lower The package will divide the range between these values by 10 and use that increment as the 10 steps for the scale of the X bar graph The range is done similarly range upper and lower except there are only five steps in the scale for the range chart Histogram Fields The histogram section allows histogram manipulation The number of histogram cells and cell increments can be set Possible combinations to define histogram presentation e Lowest cell label e Number of cells e Either the cell increment or the highest cell label are combined to define a histogram presentation If all ofthe above combinations are set the system uses lowest cell increment and number of cells to define the histogram s presentation The default histogram cell center and scaling presentation uses 25 cells low cell is LSL USL LSL 10 The high cell is USL USL LSL 10 To save the information entered in this window and return to the characteristic description window press the OK button To return to the characteristic description window without saving press the cancel button 4 2 1 2 2 Co
6. This field allows you to enter your name for audit trail purposes You can add a new control limit record without entering your name but it is a good idea to be able to trace each record to a user and have a comment for additional documentation Comments This field allows you to enter information about why the change in control limits was necessary Limit records can be entered or changed without a comment but for audit trail purposes having a comment available is a good idea Frozen Limits This area is used to enter the historical control limits for processes that are in control and stable Fields for upper control limit X bar UCLX lower control limit X bar LCLX upper control limit range UCLR and lower control limit range LCLR are available for use At least the starting subgroup date and time must be used to locate or validate the record If you leave these fields blank but fill in the range of data fields a control limit break will be established Naturally calculating control limits will be stopped and started at that starting date and time point Range of Data Affected These are the pivotal fields of this screen They locate and activate the control limit records in the file They are used when you want to identify a set of subgroups in the chart where new control limits seem appropriate The starting subgroup date and time and ending subgroup date and time can be entered 2014 DataL yzer International Inc 3
7. X 531 amp R 53 Individuals X moving Range 54 Control Chart Analysis 54 Capability and Performance Assessment s8 Factor Table n A d D D E 2 1 880 1 128 3 267 2 660 3 1 023 1 693 2 574 1 772 4 0 729 2 059 2 282 1 457 5 0 577 2 326 2 114 1 290 6 0 483 2 534 2 004 1 184 7 0 419 2 704 0 076 1 924 1 109 8 0 373 2 847 0 136 1 864 1 054 9 0 337 2 970 0 184 1 816 1 010 10 0 308 3 078 0 223 1 777 0 975 Substitute table values for n in the X 53 amp RI53 formulas 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Calculations 53 712 X bar amp R X amp R SUBGROUP AVERAGE X SUBGROUP RANGE R X X X a R Xmac Xmin where n subgroup size PROCESS AVERAGE X AVERAGE RANGE R g X X R R R Ry k k where k number of subgroups Control Limit Calculations Upper control limit UCL Lower control limit LCL UCL K A n xR UCL D n xR LCL X A n x R LCL D n R Refer to factor table for values for Az and D values for a given subgroup size n 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 54 SPC Quickie98 7 1 3 Individuals X moving Range Individuals X moving range SUBGROUP X SUBGROUP MOVING RANGE X Individual ith reading R X Xml PROCESS AVERAGE X AVERAGE RANGE R g X4 X2 X qe Rit Rz R k k where k number of subgroups Control Limit Calculations Upper control limit UCL Lower control limit LCL UCL X E irange xR UCL D Irange R or
8. create new characteristic window Special Field Title Special Field Contents and Comment The next three fields special field title special field contents and comment are useful but we are going to skip them for now Subgroup Size The subgroup size field is the number of samples that you will collect at a time from your process This number must be between one and ten NOTE Once you have started to enter data for this file you will not be able to change the subgroup size If you are following our clip example enter lt 5 gt Upper Spec The upper spec field is where you will enter the upper engineering specification limit for the characteristic you are measuring Our clips have an upper spec of lt 0 900 gt The spec fields also control the precision of your measurement input That is if you want to allow for measurement in thousandths enter enough trailing zeros in the spec to allow for that precision In this example any data entered beyond three digit precision will be truncated or cut off at three digits following the decimal Quickie98 s 2014 DataLyzer International Inc o SPC Quickie98 2 3 statistical calculations always go two digits beyond input precision If your characteristic does not have an upper spec you would type in the word none or infinite if the field is left blank none will be assumed Lower Spec The lower spec field is where you will
9. 9288 1 80 9314 9341 9368 9397 9426 9456 9487 9518 9551 9584 1 90 9618 9652 9688 9724 9761 9799 9837 9877 9917 9958 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Calculations 61 Expected Percent Out of Specifications The values are calculated by integrating the distribution formula over the range of the distribution that exceeds the specification limit being considered Z values Z values are number of sigma between the process average and the specification limit being considered Z LSL Avg LSL o Z USL USL Avg o For a normal distribution a Z table may be used to look up the area under the distribution curve within the range of the table Negative Z values indicate the average is outside the specifications Therefore the percent out is greater than 50 2014 DataLyzer International Inc SPC Quickie98 Z Table x x0 x x1 x x2 x x3 x x4 x x5 x x6 XXI x x8 x x9 0 0 5000 4960 4920 4880 4840 4801 4761 4721 4681 4641 0 1 4602 4562 4522 4483 4443 4404 4364 4325 4286 4247 0 2 4207 4168 4129 4090 4052 4013 3974 3936 3897 3859 0 3 3821 3783 3745 3707 3669 3632 3594 3557 3520 3483 0 4 3446 3409 3372 3336 3300 3264 3228 3192 3156 3121 0 5 3085 3050 3015 2981 2946 2912 2877 2843 2810 2776 0 6 2743 2709 2676 2643 2611 2578 2546 2514 2483 2451 0 7 2420 2389 2358 2327 2297 2266 2236 2206 2177 2148 0 8 2119 2090 2061 2033 2005 1977 1949 19
10. GOpy ln E 38 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 4 SPC Quickie98 5 6 7 Part V 1 Part VI 1 2 3 4 Part VII 1 2 Part VIII Part IX Part X Rename Pafte s se dees Ta cleus cece aint 39 Delete Patti dneteeceeseeseeds EST wy Yd wik awywid wi 39 Delete CharacteriSGG eebe ad a eege EE OO AA EE 39 Data Menu 40 Enter Edita OE OP OE AEO A a Ea OO da EEE 40 CharCView lt WIRdOW iT rE ASA LAA AAA AAA did 40 BIER TEE 43 Pata MPUEWIN W nacisnac noid O AAA dan nein PY W ann 43 BZ EO PTT 45 PRO VIG Woe sre s OO 45 Reports Menu 47 Control Chart ec A bien fend EO A WI diets WI 48 Capability Analysis lt a d 49 LAA A A TT 50 E E 51 Calculations 52 Control Chart CGaleuolattons mmm ii a 52 A O NT 52 X bar 8 R IndividUalS X moving Nu CH RE 54 Control Chart Analys iS iii Od O A A AAA ARA Add 54 Capability and Performance Assessment REENEN 55 Estimated Sigma Sigma Hatsinan a cis Ani a ad a i ania a i OSA a ada 55 SIMA deet w ot AA OOOO yo tdi 55 Colca Pp act az edi Ee eT OO ca sobs E AA A eae PGE OWE 55 Cpr and Foe sok ae A A SG A OO ats Ao ees 56 CPrand RO 56 COM OCE PRAC RA 56 CP vS ROVAlUES ro i a OR RAWA ON bain eddie aie NA 57 Capability Study Calculations ss eeee aa aaa enea aaa ena aaa aaa zaa eeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeneees 57 Capability Statistics civsccissscccsscicciscccssscisssecseseissssseaseavsvceresensvessencssavessccessavsvveressecvesveusniavesscnesseavsivercsssvssser
11. ISBN 0 07 033176 6 5 Statistical Quality Control 5th edition Eugene L Grant Richard S Leavenworth McGraw Hill Book Company 1980 New York NY ISBN 0 07 0241 14 7 2014 DataLyzer International Inc ASCII Tabie e 10 ASCII Table Dec Hex Char Code Dec Hex Char Code 0 0 NUL 128 80 1 1 SOH 129 81 g 2 2 STX 130 82 3 3 ETX 131 83 4 4 EOT 132 84 5 5 ENQ 133 85 6 6 ACK 134 86 t 7 7 BEL 135 87 t 8 8 BS 136 88 9 9 HT 137 89 o 10 OA LF 138 8A 11 0B VT 139 8B lt 12 OC FF 140 8C CE 13 0D CR 141 8D O 14 OE SO 142 8E 15 OF SI 143 8F O 16 10 SLE 144 90 17 11 CS1 145 91 i 18 12 DC2 146 92 19 13 DC3 147 93 20 14 DC4 148 94 3 21 15 NAK 149 95 22 16 SYN 150 96 23 17 ETB 151 97 24 18 CAN 152 98 25 19 EM 153 99 TM 26 1A SIB 154 9A 27 1B ESC 155 9B gt 28 16 FS 156 9C ce 29 1D GS 157 9D O 30 1E RS 158 9E 2 31 1F US 159 OF Y 32 20 space 160 AO 33 21 161 A1 i 34 22 162 A2 35 23 163 A3 36 24 164 A4 a 37 25 165 A5 Y 38 26 8 166 A6 39 27 167 A7 40 28 168 A8 R 41 29 169 A9 42 2A 170 AA a 43 2B 171 AB 44 2C 172 AC a 45 2D 173 AD 46 2E f 174 AE 47 2F 175 AF 48 30 0 176 BO 49 31 1 177 B1 50 32 2 178 B2 2 51 33 3 179 B3 3 2014 DataLyzer
12. Contents Part Introduction 5 The Purpose of SPC and SPC Quicki6 cccconcnncccnocccnccnnnononcnnnnrnnnnnnnrrnnnnnnrrnnnnnnrrrrnnnnrrernnnarrnnns 5 2 VOCABULARY A ONO 6 Part Il Quick Start Tutorial 7 1 New Part CreatiON iii SEO abo Eege EE Aa ad aara aiad aa haaraa AE AADA AEA 7 2 New Characteristic Creatton ENEE 8 3 Entering Data ic zes E EE EE EEN 10 4 Printing a Chart yw ooo iaa 12 Part Ill Setup Menu 14 1 System Definitions s uszy wawa in ic 14 2 Languages tia iia 15 3 Com Port AssiGnMe tii ie 15 A Gage ENEE E AA A styka ENE aSa ika dzo nana 15 Gage Template Window iscwcesseccscesccascdisscesicctecsccieusecsusctcseversosecvacccessctuevoetensetcsenstsescesicevessenversesevestcseuerseeesttecevsests 17 File Menu it ak ee aan O AA ee A a A A BUSA 19 TeSt Mey NE A O dey uote caterer 19 Create Template iii CAE aE 20 Test un TEE 21 Special Menu Standard Single Channel TR DE Options Men Communication Options 00 SILO A O O ON CALA A A A A ee SC UE Single Line Single Measurement MIKEEINE zzz SDK OE GEO A ZK EE EE Part IV File Menu New PaTh EE 31 2 New Characteristics 32 Characteristic Description Window cc ccescesseseeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeaeeesaeeeesaeeseaneesaaeeeaeeseaeeesaaeeesaeeesneeseaseesaees 32 File MEN it AE ene Gal leaned da 34 Options Meliana AE E cuties Ba cede IA Seabee ENG PADRE AT IA 35 Scales Control EimtS Casciari iaa GRE 36 OP Misa obese oes A A ee om AO eed 38 e
13. Sum of fourth power The average represents the location of the distribution Average Avg SUM n The sigma represents the variation in distribution sigma 0 indicates no variation or all identical parts AY S gt n 1 The number of cells and cell labeling are dictated by the scales option under each characteristic The default number of cells in a histogram is 25 The lowest cell LSL USL LSL 10 The highest cell is USL USL LSL 10 Cell center labeling is also a user selectable default The skewness represents the degree of asymmetry skewness lt 0 indicates a skewed left distribution skewness 0 indicates a perfectly symmetrical distribution skewness gt 0 indicates a skewed right distribution SUM in 3xAvgxSUM in 2x Avg 3 5 Skewness 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Calculations 59 The kurtosis represents the degree of peakedness of the distribution kurtosis lt 0 indicates a flatter curve than the normal distribution kurtosis 0 indicates the same peakedness as a normal distribution kurtosis gt 0 indicates a steeper curve than the normal distribution Kurtosis SUM n 4x Avgx SUM n 6xSUM inx Avg 3x Avg 4 7 3 Many statistical texts and software refer to kurtosis of 3 as normal We use a common convention of subtracting 3 for ease of use A negative kurtosis may indicate that multiple processes are being mixed or that a process is shi
14. be changed using the keyboard Enter the location of the measurement s sign in the transmission The gage test option must be used to set this field This facility is only used when the sign of the measurement is not contiguous with in front of the measurement Of course entering the sign is not necessary if the measurements will always be positive File Menul 191 Test Menul 19 Special Menul23 Options Menul 28 Clear 27 3 4 1 1 File Menu The gage template window s file menu contains the following items New Ctl N The new command allows you to create a new gage driver file Open Ctl O The open command allows you to open an already existing gage driver file Save Ctl S Save saves the selected gage template GAG file You must always save a template file before you can use it to control the computers RS 232 com port s Save As The save as command allows you to save the gage driver with a different name essentially duplicating it Print The print command allows you to print the information you have entered in the gage template Exit Exit allows you to exit without saving 3 4 1 2 Test Menu The gage template window s test menu contains the following items Create Template 20 Test Template 21 2014 DataLyzer International Inc z SPC Quickie98 3 4 1 2 1 Create Template The create template window allow
15. characteristic to delete A warning window will appear requiring you to confirm your desire to delete this characteristic and all of its data If you press yes the characteristic will be removed with no possibility of restoration Pressing no causes the warning window to disappear with no other action 2014 DataLyzer International Inc SPC Quickie98 5 5 1 5 1 1 Data Menu The items in the data menu allow you to access the chart view and data input windows and manipulate data These items are described here Enter Edit 40 Delete 437 Reviewl 451 Enter Edit Access the enter edit menu item and the open part window appears Select the desired part from the list of all parts available If more than one characteristic has been defined under that part then an open characteristic window appears allowing you to select the desired characteristic Once the characteristic has been selected the X bar and R chart view windowl40 appears Data can be entered or edited in this window Chart View Window The chart view window looks like this Steet The top line of the chart view window shows the name of the file and characteristic being displayed Charts The upper chart on the screen is the average or X bar chart The lower chart is called the range or R chart To the left of each chart is a scale showing the range of the data for that chart Below th
16. description area is established through using the create template item under the test menu The reading description area reports column positions where measurement values and signs reside Zeros will appear in the fields of this area until the template has been established through the testing procedure As the number hash signs are entered in the template the software picks up their column positions and fills in the column fields automatically Once the example template has been saved the gage template window will look like this Badin EM gt Paty Nore patas 2 El Stop bite r y mme ue to w nsdoe gage Trareresion lo pompt gage lor readings p A Line terminator for kre recewed from gage moana Lines per banarirsi n reczwed from gage p Yy Reading Descepion Line number of seeding in gage bansmirsion Stating column of seading in ine Ending cohen of reading in ke ns Sag column of wadr in ine a 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Setup Menu One more step is necessary to establish the gage You must go to the com port assignments area and assign the driver to a com port Select gages for com ports x Com 1 Unavaiable mm j Com 2 Unavalable No Gage Com 3 Avaiable NoGage e 4 Com 4 Unavaiable NoGage x _ ma Each com port has a pull down list that contains all the gage drivers available Pull down the list associated with t
17. display the subgroup average and range These values will be recalculated as soon as you enter the last value of the subgroup These fields are for display only and cannot be edited 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Data Menu 45 OK Button The OK button causes the data values entered to be stored in the data file When you store the data several things happen instantly The data input window disappears the subgroup average and range points are plotted on the graphs the subgroup s control status is evaluated based on chart statistics for data previously entered and the colored status bar on the right of the screen is updated to show the new process status If you are adding data the next subgroup number will be displayed in the subgroup field of the chart view window To continue entering new data press the Enter key once Note Button The note button allows the entry of a 60 character note A note window will appear on the screen Type in the note you want to associate with the subgroup In the control chart data points with notes are displayed with the letter N Process notes print on a separate page of the control chart reports Cancel Button The cancel button allows you to stop creating a new subgroup or to stop looking at a subgroup you are editing If you have changed anything in the date time or data fields these changes will not be stored if you press this button When you cancel
18. environment in terms of baud rate parity stop bits etc and they tell the Quickie98 package where the actual measurement resides within the gage s transmitted message string 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 16 SPC Quickie98 Each gage transmits information such as the measurement value the sign units etc but it can be located in any order within the message string So the driver uses a template to parse the string being transmitted and select only characters that represent a valid measurement There are three fundamental steps to creating your own gage driver 1 Configure the communication parameters to match the gage transmissions This means the software s baud rate parity data bits and stop bits must all match the gage s settings 2 The software must be provided with some general information about the string of characters the gage is expected to transmit Included in this area are commands to prompt the gage for readings definition of line termination characters and how many lines will be transmitted 3 Take a test transmission from the gage to verify that everything works and define the transmission string template mentioned earlier The RS 232 cable between the gage and the computer must be pinned correctly before communication can occur If the individual conductors inside the cable are not connected to the correct pins on each end you will not be able to communicate with the gage DataLyzer Internat
19. parity etc into the associated fields Defaults are shown in the example above 9600 baud no parity eight data bits one stop bit Transmission to Initialize Gage The transmission to initialize gage field is used only when a gage interface requires a particular set of characters to wake it up tell it there is a computer at the other end or to set the gage in a specific mode This transmission from the computer to the gage is typically only required once per session Refer to the gage manufacturer s operating manual and enter the necessary set of characters in this field If the gage requires no initialization message leave this field blank You can use ASCII codes or literals as entries for this field When using ASCII codes enter the associated ASCII number separated by commas This is the only way to use characters such as carriage return and line feed e g 13 11 that do not display when typed When using literals enclose them in quotation marks e g WAKE UP P is a special character when used outside quotation marks that indicates a one second pause It can be used between commands sent to the gage to allow the gage enough time to process each command Transmission to Prompt Gage for Reading The transmission to prompt gage for reading field is used when a gage interface requires a particular set of characters to be transmitted to it before it will transmit each measurement in response Refer
20. to be used in the capability study Histogram analysis In other cases zero is a specification limit the box is showing but data can logically be entered below zero from the process Therefore normal two sided statistical analysis should be applied In these cases even though the natural limit box is available it should be left unchecked An example of a natural limit is if we were to measure roundness concentricity using total indicator run out We would spin the part around once with a stationary indicator touching it In this case zero indicator plunger movement means the part is perfectly round Since there is no way the process will generate measurements less than zero it has a natural limit If your lower spec represents a natural limit then check the natural limit box Save the characteristic by pressing the OK button To cancel and exit the window without saving press the cancel button File Menul 34 Options Menul 33 File Menu The characteristic description window s file menu contains the following items Save Ctrl S The save command saves the information in the characteristic description window 2014 DataLyzer International Inc File Menu 35 Save As The save as command allows you to save the characteristic with a different name essentially duplicating the characteristic under the same part It is most helpful when you have similar characteristics You
21. to inspect a small number of part samples from a production process to make predictions about all the other parts being made by that process Typically measurements for one characteristic are taken on a group of consecutive very recently manufactured parts Samples are collected and measured carefully at regular intervals This group of samples is called a subgroup With Quickie98 the subgroup size must be a fixed number from one to ten For each part being manufactured or process being monitored you will have one or more characteristics requiring inspection A characteristic is a measurable feature of the part such as overall length number of errors gas content or weight For our clip the characteristic being measured is overall length Quickie98 uses a database file to store information You will use one database to store all control charts and data for the system Each characteristic you define will be stored as a record in the database on the hard drive 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Quick Start Tutorial 2 Quick Start Tutorial This tutorial will show you how to get Quickie98 working for you in a few easy steps Using a typical part example you will learn how to create a part 7 create a characteristic 8 input datal 10 and print control charts 12 To get the most out of this tutorial please read through the example while typing it into your computer The example part we will work with is a retaining clip
22. yzer International Inc s SPC Quickie98 7 1 5 4 7 1 5 5 7 1 5 6 Cpr and Ppr 65 Cp Ratio or Cpr uscar 108 Ba Pp Ratio or Ppi JSL x 100 Note Cp and Pp ratio are represented as a percentage Cp and Pp ratio cannot be calculated if either the LSL or USL are defined as NONE or INFINITE Cpi and Ppi USL LSL Cp index or Cpr 6G USLA SL Pp index or Ppi Be 7 Note Cp and Pp index cannot be calculated if either the LSL or USL are designated as a natural limit Cpi and Ppi will be equal to Cpk and Ppk if the process X USL LSL 2 i e the process average is perfectly centered between LSL and USL Cpi for a two sided normal process is often thought of as the optimum Cpk value possible for the process it might be more accurately portrayed as the number of process distributions that fit inside the specs Cpm USL LSL Cpm 60 SUM X Target X Target X Target AIAG Fundamental Statistical Process Control reference manual Cpm expresses process capability in terms of each sample s difference from target rather than assuming the process should be centered between the specification limits like CpK and PpK As a result Cpm is a superior statistic to use for appraising process capability when measuring non normal unilateral or normal processes whose targets are not centered between the specification limits For more information about Cpm see appendix D in Stat
23. 22 1894 1867 0 9 1841 1814 1788 1762 1736 1711 1685 1660 1635 1611 1 0 1587 1562 1439 1515 1492 1469 1446 1423 1401 1379 1 1 1357 1335 1314 1292 1271 1251 1230 1210 1190 1170 1 2 1151 1131 1112 1093 1075 1056 1038 1020 1003 0985 1 3 0968 0951 0934 0918 0901 0885 0869 0853 0838 0823 1 4 0808 0793 0778 0764 0749 0735 0722 0708 0694 0681 1 5 0668 0655 0643 0630 0618 0606 0594 0582 0570 0559 1 6 0548 0537 0526 0516 0505 0495 0485 0475 0465 0455 1 7 0446 0436 0427 0418 0409 0401 0392 0384 0375 0367 1 8 0359 0352 0344 0336 0329 0322 0314 0307 0300 0294 1 9 0287 0281 0274 0268 0262 0256 0250 0244 0238 0233 2 0 0228 0222 0217 0212 0207 0202 0197 0192 0188 0183 2 1 0179 0174 0170 0166 0162 0158 0154 0150 0146 0143 2 2 0139 0136 0132 0129 0126 0122 0119 0116 0113 0110 2 3 0107 0104 0101 0099 0096 0094 0091 0089 0087 0084 2 4 0082 0080 0078 0075 0073 0071 0069 0068 0066 0064 2 5 0062 0060 0059 0057 0055 0054 0052 0051 0049 0048 2 6 0047 0045 0044 0043 0041 0040 0039 0038 0037 0036 2 7 0035 0034 0033 0032 0031 0030 0029 0028 0027 0026 2 8 0026 0025 0024 0023 0023 0022 0021 0021 0020 0019 2 9 0019 0018 0017 0017 0016 0016 0015 0015 0014 0014 3 0 0013 0013 0013 0012 0012 0011 0011 0011 0010 0010 3 1 0010 0009 0009 0009 0008 0008 0008 0008 0007 0007 3 2 000
24. 4 50 header 14 50 print 12 43 47 titles 14 50 reports menu 47 review data 45 RS 232 options 27 run 40 54 S sample 6 10 43 sample precision 8 32 scales 35 search 51 data 51 setup menu 14 sigma 55 58 sigma hat 55 skewness 58 SPC purposeof 5 special fields 8 32 specifications 6 8 32 spreadsheet 45 standard 23 statistics 40 52 58 status bar 40 subgroup 6 10 40 43 exclude 40 flag status 40 size 8 32 suppress product ID 14 50 system definitions 14 target 8 32 time 10 43 titles report 14 50 edit 14 50 trend 40 54 tutorial 7 vocabulary 6 X X moving Range calculations 54 X bar 8 R calculations 53 Z Z values 59 2014 DataLyzer International Inc
25. 7 0007 0006 0006 0006 0006 0006 0005 0005 0005 3 3 0005 0005 0005 0004 0004 0004 0004 0004 0004 0004 3 4 0003 3 5 0002 3 6 0002 3 7 0001 3 8 0001 3 9 0001 Parts per Million Parts per million Ppm indicates the total expected parts beyond LSL and USL per million produced given the current distribution 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Database Backup 8 Database Backup From the Quickie98 software main screen go to Help About Quickie 98 The About Quickie98 window will display the database path The database is named Q98DBase mdb Alternatively you can search for the Q98DBase mdb file To make a backup copy this Q98DBase mdb file to your desired backup location 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 64 SPC Quickie98 9 References 1 Fundamental Statistical Process Control Reference Manual A LA G 1991 AIAG Headquarters Suite 200 26200 Lahser Rd Southfield MI 48034 248 358 3570 2 Statistical Quality Control Handbook Western Electric Company Inc 1956 AT amp T Technologies Commercial Sales Clerk Select Code 700 744 P O Box 19901 Indianapolis IN 46219 800 432 6600 3 A Guide to Probability Theory and Application Cyrus Derman Leon J Gleser Ingram Olkin Holt Rinehart and Winston Inc 1973 New York NY ISBN 0 03 0 78885 4 4 Juran s Quality Control Handbook 4th edition J M Juran Frank M Gryna McGraw Hill Book Company 1988 New York NY
26. A O sem Z Teanamescn to wake gage p Tiaremazion lo prompt gage lo seeding p M Line terminator for ines recewed from gage 0 Lines pet tanar cicn reczrred from gage gt Reading Description Line number of seeding in gags tanariricn gt Staring ca un of seading n ine 15 Ending cokenn of reading in ke fo Sign column of wadr in ine x One more step is necessary to establish the gage You must go to the com port assignments area and assign the driver to a com port Select gages for com ports x Com 1 Unavaiable mm jl Com 2 Unava ablet No Gage D Com 3 Avaiable NoGage H Com 4 Unavaiable Nocas M Each com port has a pull down list that contains all the available gage drivers Pull down the list associated with the appropriate com port the one connected to the gage Pick the right gage driver name Then go to the data menu in the main window and try entering data using the gage NOTE It is not a good idea to use the same gage driver file on two different com ports 2014 DataLyzer International Inc File Menu 31 4 File Menu This section includes descriptions of the items in the file menu New Pal an New Characteristic 32 Open ei Copy Part 38 Rename Part 39 Delete Part 39 Delete Characteristic 39 4 1 New Part The new part item allows you to create a new part name The concept of creating parts is primarily an organization issue Actually characteri
27. DataLyzer International Inc E edit characteristic 38 data 40 enter data 10 40 gage 10 40 estimated sigma 55 exclude data subgroup 40 El factor table 52 fields custom 14 50 file menu 31 filter data 51 flag subgroup 40 frozen control limits 36 40 frozen scale 35 ACH gage assign to com port 15 data entry 43 single channel A D 23 standard 23 gage template 15 17 clear 27 communication options 25 create 17 20 edit 17 examples 27 RS 232 options 27 special menu 23 test 21 glossary 6 individuals calculations 54 input data 10 40 input precision 8 32 introduction 5 2014 DataLyzer International Inc K kurtosis 58 SE language 15 N natural limit 8 32 55 new characteristic 32 part 31 new characteristic 8 new part 7 nominal 8 32 note 40 43 Oz open characteristic 38 operation 6 8 32 out of control 40 54 P part 6 copy 38 delete 39 new 7 31 rename 39 parts per million 59 percent points in mid 1 3 54 plant 8 32 Pp vws Co 57 Ppi 56 Ppk 55 Ppm 59 Ppr 56 print 45 47 capability analysis 12 47 control chat 12 43 47 data 45 gage template 19 SPC Quickie98 print 45 47 report 45 purpose of SPC 5 Q Quickie98 remove from reports 14 50 Rs range 40 43 53 references 64 remove Quickie98 from reports 14 50 rename part 39 report 14 50 capability analysis example 49 control chart example 48 customize 1
28. International Inc SPC Quickie98 52 34 4 180 B4 53 35 5 181 B5 U 54 36 6 182 B6 7 55 37 7 183 B7 56 38 8 184 B8 A 57 39 9 185 B9 1 58 3A 186 BA o 59 3B 187 BB 60 3C lt 188 BC Ya 61 3D 189 BD 62 3E gt 190 BE 63 3F 191 BF 64 40 192 co A 65 41 A 193 C1 A 66 42 B 194 C2 A 67 43 C 195 C3 A 68 44 D 196 04 A 69 45 E 197 C5 A 70 46 F 198 C6 71 47 G 199 C7 72 48 H 200 C8 E 73 49 201 09 74 4A J 202 CA E 75 4B K 203 CB E 76 4C L 204 CC 77 4D M 205 CD 78 4E N 206 CE 1 79 0 207 CF i 80 50 P 208 DO D 81 51 Q 209 D1 82 52 R 210 D2 O 83 53 S 211 D3 84 54 T 212 D4 85 55 U 213 D5 86 56 V 214 D6 87 57 Ww 215 D7 x 88 58 X 216 D8 5 89 59 Y 217 D9 U 90 5A 2 218 DA U 91 5B 219 DB 92 5C 220 DC U 93 5D 221 DD Y 94 5E A 222 DE b 95 5F R 223 DF R 96 60 224 EO a 97 61 a 225 E1 a 98 62 b 226 E2 a 99 63 c 227 E3 A 100 64 d 228 E4 a 101 65 e 229 E5 a 102 66 f 230 E6 e 103 67 g 231 E7 104 68 h 232 E8 105 69 i 233 E9 106 6A j 234 EA 107 6B k 235 EB 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 108 6C 109 6D m 110 6E n 111 6F o 112 70 p 113 72 q 114 72 r 115 73 s 116 74 t 117 75 u 118 76 v 119 77 w 120 78 x 121 79 y 122 7A z 123 7B 124 7C 125 7D 126 7E 127 7F O Windows True Type fonts only 2014 DataL yzer International Inc 236 238 239 240 242 243 245 246 247 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 A O O
29. ONTROL Sas homed Nudge Przie 9 90 2010 PLANTDEPALTMENT PAKT SUMNER DORA TIOS pan 2 CHARACTERISTIC ENCIERRO SPECINICATIONS GAP DAME AT Spio 90m ML X 05513 LXE R 03312 Sera bz RAI E AO Process Capability A CH Ins CR Dn AvgX 0 7111 AvaR 0 Sigrea 00746 Process Perforrumce WK 054 me 112 R 055 LCL X 0 4307 LCL EK 0 0000 App afpowta m mrad 117 of comal kreas ano ams 744 an KKK Averages em par AAA AAA 1384 am SS Fe RZE pe lt w PTT nam T T 1 T T U na 2 A r MA Z m M A 9 M at m azaz 2 H a 2 SES E SS amp ARA 20 DATE 0909 0609 Sein 616 0414 0414 2414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0414 0815 nur 0000 1000 20 D 1140 1140 1140 1140 1051 SAMP O gt 30 w S W ta as mM SAMP OZ as m m s Ts y s as w 7 z SANPYI Le D as Ts 6s ss ES w y 13 as 0 pel ei ta as 7 es z SAMPA as m n as ss 7 z LA s KA 6s pel s Ts s m so as as KL oi SADA as z as m Tw 7 7 Ts as Si m ba a 6s as ei Ap 3 as 70 as AVERAGE n ep 79 73 n 2 mAs 79 w n w 3 oi ST 62 6 eg MU te W s RANCE 30 0 s 30 23 u 23M 20 szam 3 25 15 W 15 W NOTE DATA HAS BEEN MULTIPLIED BY 100 THEN TRUNCATED TO 4 DACETS FOR PUNTING CALCULATIONS ARE DOME USING FULL PRECISION 15 10 3 6 The default settings will produce a control chart similar to the example You can customize your charts by setting the chart scales and or
30. SAG Quickie 98 TM SPC Quickie98 SPC Quickie98 2014 DataLyzer International Inc All rights reserved No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means graphic electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording taping or information storage and retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and or registered trademarks of the respective owners The publisher and the author make no claim to these trademarks While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for anyloss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document Printed March 2014 in Wixom MI USA Microsoft ActiveX MS MS DOS MSN Windows and Windows NT are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the USA and or other countries DataLyzer International Inc 29445 Beck Road Suite A 207 Wixom MI 48393 USA tel 248 960 3535 fax 248 946 8490 e mail sales datalyzer com or support datalyzer com www datalyzer com Contents 3 Table of
31. SPC Quickie98 4 3 4 4 If no ending date and time are used the control limit record settings will go on perpetually To change that go into the last control limit record and enter an ending date and time or press the new button which establishes a new record IMPORTANT Anytime you add a control limit record the system assumes there has been a process change Therefore the statistical calculations are reset to zero i e they start over from there All previous data are ignored and only new data entered since the last change are included in the calculations for the control charts If you wish to see stats for earlier data you may print or preview a chart using the starting and ending subgroup range parameters or print a capability study that ignores stored limit boundaries in its calculations Press the OK button to save and activate the control limit records defined The cancel button cancels the current action and exits the control limits window without storing Delete Button Delete control limit records by displaying the desired record using the lt and gt buttons and pressing the delete button Open You can open any previously created characteristic from any part by accessing it through this item You can then edit almost any header information in the characteristic description window The only exception is that the subgroup size cannot be changed after data has been entered into
32. a com port Quickie98 will begin to listen to that com port whenever the data input window is displayed To enter a reading directly into a Quickie98 characteristic position the blinking cursor in the data input window on one of the numbered data fields then press the transmit button on your gage or gage interface If your gage requires the computer to send a prompt before it will send the computer a reading or if the gage sends data continuously you will see an extra set of buttons at the bottom of the data input window These buttons will be labeled Gage n where n is the number of the com port where the gage is connected If you have more than one gage there will be up to four of these buttons in the data input window To get a reading from these gages move the cursor to the numbered data field where you want the reading to go and then press the hot key combination Alt n n being the number on the Gage n button or press the Gage n button once The reading will appear in the numbered data field When you are using these kinds of gages there may be a delay of one or two seconds before the reading appears NOTE If the gage fails to communicate do not ignore the possibility that the RS 232 connecting cable between the computer and the gage interface is defective It is always best to purchase this connecting cable from the gage manufacturer Avg and Range The avg and range fields
33. bgroups using your mouse However you can also use the search data screen button in the open characteristic window as you are preparing to print reports When the open characteristic window appears select the desired characteristic for printing and press search data The following window will appear m Date amp Time Statingdste Endingdate Starting time Ending time Y Combine date amp time OK Cancel All subgroups between the specified dates and times inclusive will be included in the report Enter the starting date and time and ending date and time This defines the starting and ending subgroups inclusive for the analysis If you leave the combine date and time box checked the system will combine the starting date and time to define one point in time If you uncheck the combine box the times will filter separately from the dates i e 8 00 17 00 01 01 99 02 01 99 will find all subgroups entered 8AM and 5PM first shift only during the month of January 1999 NOTE Subgroup numbers resulting from a search are relative This means that subgroups 1 to 12 returned by the search are the first through 12th groups found by the search not the first through 12th subgroups in the file 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 52 SPC Quickie98 7 7 1 Calculations Control Chart Calculations 524 Capability Study Calculations 57 Control Chart Calculations Factor Table 52
34. can create the first one then save as duplicate another Exit The exit command returns you to the main window NOTE This command does not save the information entered or edited 4 2 1 2 Options Menu The characteristic description window s options menu contains the following items Scales 38 Control Limits 3e 4 2 1 2 1 Scales The fields in the scales window define the values for the vertical scales on the control chart graphs These values will replace the naturally calculated scale values To alert you that the scale on a control chart has been frozen an asterisk will appear next to the frozen value on the control chart scale This feature is useful because the computer may calculate the scale values in 4 to 5 decimal precision that may not be as clear to an operator as a 2 decimal scale which you can define yourself Another reason to freeze scale values is to provide continuity throughout the history of the file so each time the statistics are recalculated the chart scaling doesn t change This can avoid confusion when comparing two control chart reports that came out of one file from different time periods Because of scaling differences two similar control charts may look drastically different When the computer calculates the scales it takes the data to be displayed and analyzes the variation and determines the values so the points span about three quarters of the graph The scales
35. control limits through the options menu in the characteristic description window see here 35 You can analyze specific subsets of data by using the search datal5 Y button or by using reviewl 457 from the data menu of the main window for a spreadsheet drag and highlight approach to data selection Calculations for all the statistics found in the report can be found here 52 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Reports Menu e 6 2 Capability Analysis Your Company Name Here optional CAPABILITY STUDY Stax homed m 13 u raga Prets VWMIO PLANT DEPARTMENT PAKT NUMBER CORA TON pan 2 CIA CTERISTA ENGINEERING SPUCINICATIONS GAP DAME A Spio 00 xen Corema Count 125 Dary we yp Norral wena Tide Process Performanca ma 054 reg um m rn Serra o 0 cm 10 Cm oss Sina 4 Lowea oss H qdea oss Karen s Nekrw Above apres Arte Debra LSt 000 Above USI 4 apres breer Beba LSt DI AboeLSL 055 1 apres brea TAM is 74 Cara bress 2508 to 1 1605 Histogram Avo as 35 Percent The default settings will produce a capability analysis similar to the example You can customize your histogram by accessing the scales area from the options menu in the characteristic description window see herel35 Large differences can be introduced in a histogram s appearance by changing the number of cells and scaling You can analyze specific subsets of data by us
36. e create new part window will appear that allows a 24 character file name entry Part files that have already been created are listed in alpha numeric order 2014 DataL yzer International Inc 3 SPC Quickie98 2 2 Create new part Ei File Name mima 00000 foca Enter a file name into the field provided The example we will use is lt CLIP 1234 A gt Once you have entered the part name press the Enter key Immediately following creation of a new part the create new part window will be replaced by the create new characteristic window to indicate your part entry was accepted New Characteristic Creation The create new characteristic window appears so you can define the first characteristic of the part There are no logical limits to the number of characteristics that can be defined under one part Enter the name of the characteristic you wish to create in the file name field The example we will use is lt Overall length gt Create new characteristic for Clip 1234 A File Nama em Once you have entered the characteristic name press the Enter key The create new characteristic window will be replaced by the characteristic description window to indicate your characteristic entry was accepted Complete the information in each field as thoroughly as possible Mandatory fields include characteristic name Overall length upper spec 0 900 l
37. e buffer 2014 DataLyzer International Inc z SPC Quickie98 Accept Short Input Lines The accept short lines option allows the program to attempt to process gage readings even when the defined template extends beyond the end of the string received If the template has signs in positions 1 through 8 and the transmission received is only 4 characters long normally this transmission would be discarded as an error However with this button selected the program will attempt to evaluate the characters received Seconds Before Timeout The seconds before timeout option is provided for gages that may take more than seven seconds to run a test where the gage is across the room or any scenario where it is difficult to send a sample reading in the default time Delay Between Lines 1 10 Second When a gage sends multiple lines the program assumes that they will be sent one after another immediately However some gages do calculations between lines or have intermediate steps that cause additional delays If Quickie98 does not receive the complete transmission promptly it discards the entire transmission By setting the delay higher the program will wait the specified time between lines before giving up Regardless of the delay specified when the reading is received the program will display it immediately With a large value in this field the program will appear to be locked up once a transmission has started until either t
38. e gage for seven seconds after which a timeout error will be reported in the message field This waiting interval can be changed through the communications options item in the options menu in the gage template window Save Button The save button stores all the template information If no further changes are made to the main gage template window saving at the outer level is not necessary Cancel Button The cancel button exits without storing any data entered since the last save 3 4 1 2 2 Test Template The test template window allows you to test the template filter s created in the create template window You could test the template in the create template window but taking additional sample readings in the create template window will overwrite the template that was already defined and you would have to reenter the place holder signs S etc after each test The test template window not only confirms communications but also displays the mode reading and channel identifiers and any A D conversions that are taking place 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 22 SPC Quickie98 The test template window looks like this Send pee tote 7 Tweet l Ons gg Filtered e chen Dani Lage ur Serial Port to Test The serial port to test field is used to temporarily designate a com port for the current test This selection will not be stored per
39. e two charts is a list of subgroup numbers corresponding to the subgroups displayed in the chart At certain times during data editing you will see a white square highlighting an individual point This is the chart cursor It will move back and forth as you scroll the chart and it identifies which subgroup is currently selected You can also reposition it on a subgroup by clicking on the subgroup point with the mouse The charts display the control limits as red lines A solid red line means that the control limit was calculated by the computer naturally A dotted red line means that the control limit was frozen into the part description i e it is typically an historically determined control limit The process grand or overall 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Data Menu a average is displayed as a green line If you entered a target value in the part description it will be indicated by purple arrows at the left and right sides of the average chart The subgroup values are plotted as dots or characters A green dot means the subgroup was in control when it was originally entered Subgroups retain their historical process status New data are evaluated at the time they are entered by comparing them to the rest of the process The subgroups retain this status even when they are edited or when the process statistics are recalculated Thus an old subgroup that is outside the control limits as they are now calculated could stil
40. enter the lower engineering specification limit for the characteristic being measured Our clips have a lower spec of lt 0 500 gt Again refer to the data entry precision mentioned in the upper spec description Quickie98 will base its input precision definition on the spec with the greatest number of digits following the decimal If your characteristic does not have a lower spec you should type in the word none or infinite if the field is left blank none will be assumed Target We will skip the target field for in this tutorial This is an optional field and it is not necessary to create a file Units The units field is where you will enter the unit of measure for the specifications e g mm inches In our example we are measuring in millimeters therefore enter lt mm gt in the units field Natural Limits Lower Spec We will skip the natural limits lower spec field in this tutorial Saving Make sure that all entered information is correct and then save by pressing the OK button The main window will reappear You are now ready to enter data Entering Data Now that the part and characteristic have been created you are ready to start entering data At the main window select the enter edit command from the data menu notice that Ctl E can also be used as a shortcut from the main window to jump to the data entry area File Name Cip 12344 pr Cancel
41. ere are three check boxes that control the way the software handles com ports RTS CTS and DSR DTR are hardware handshaking lines related to communication signals on particular conductors of the RS 232 cable They are not mutually exclusive so we recommend enabling both of them Click on the check boxes to enable either or both of these hardware handshaking lines No check indicates they are disabled The default is both being checked Xon Xoff is sometimes used by instrument manufacturers in lieu of hardware control lines communication specs Xon Xoff is only used in less than 1 of the gage interfacing cases we have seen Typically the instrument manufacturer s manual will indicate Xon Xoff protocol If the manual does not mention it do not use Xon Xoff Click on the check boxes to enable Xon Xoff type software communication control No check indicates Xon Xoff is disabled Off is the default 3 4 1 5 Clear The gage template window s clear menu item resets all gage template fields to their default settings This includes fields in the special and options menus 3 4 2 Examples The following examples demonstrate how to use the gage template item in the setup menu in the main window Example 1 Single Line Single Measurement 27 Example 2 Multi Line 29 3 4 2 1 Single Line Single Measurement In this single line single measurement example scenario we selected create template from the
42. fting A large positive kurtosis could indicate that some artificial means is truncating the variation such as sorting 7 2 2 Distribution Curve Formulas Skewed Distribution 2nd Approximation of the Normal Curve Conditions 1 Number of readings m gt 30 2 ABS skewness gt 5 kein 3 Does not violate natural limit maximum skewness 1 minimum skewness 1 3 Aa X Avg X Avg Toa x I Ee 5 35 y norma 1 2014 DataLyzer International Inc SPC Quickie98 Normal Distribution Conditions 1 Not a skewed distribution 2 Does not violate natural limit X Avg y e Cal 2T Gamma Distribution Conditions 1 LSL marked as NATURAL LIMIT 2 Does not meet conditions for normal or skewed distributions ax p78 Dir Where 6 Avg o2 2 2 Avg o and I r is the gamma function with the property that F r 1 rxT r Table for I r 1 lt r lt 2 r 0 0 0 02 0 03 0 04 0 05 0 06 0 07 0 08 0 09 1 00 1 0000 9943 9888 9835 9784 9735 9687 9642 9597 9555 1 10 9514 9474 9436 9399 9364 9330 9298 9267 9237 9209 1 20 9182 9156 EEN 9108 9085 9064 9044 9025 9007 8990 1 30 8975 8960 8946 8934 8922 8912 8902 8893 8885 8879 1 40 8873 8868 8864 8860 8858 8857 8856 8856 8857 8859 1 50 8862 8866 8870 8876 8882 8889 8896 8905 8914 8924 1 60 8935 8947 8959 8972 8986 9001 9017 9033 9050 9068 1 70 9086 9106 9126 9147 9168 EEN 9214 9238 9262
43. g columns of data you wish to view Once the columns have been highlighted choose control chart or capability analysis from the options menu to see the selected data in chart form NOTE Once the selected data are in chart form The chart can be printed using the print buttons in those windows NOTE Subgroup numbers resulting from a review are relative This means that subgroups 1 to 12 returned by the review are the first through 12th groups selected by the review not the first through 12th subgroups in the file You can also use the search data button in the open characteristic window that appears when control chart or histogram is selected from the reports menu in the main window 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Reports Menu 6 Reports Menu This menu allows you print control charts and histogram capability studies and to change certain report field titles To print either kind of chart you will first have to enter the part and characteristic names The system will display the selected report on the screen before printing By default the last 25 points are used for calculations in the control chart and the entire file is used for calculations in the histogram Control Chart 48 Capability Analysis 49 Titles 50 Search sr O 2014 DataLyzer International Inc as SPC Quickie98 6 1 Control Chart Your Company Name Here optional PROCESS C
44. gun If the gage is not communicating at all this feature limits the amount of time spent waiting for a transmission Clear Button The clear button clears the window Message The message field allows Quickie98 software to report messages to you about the transmission being received Messages such as reading complete or time out error may display in this field Analog to Digital The analog to digital area allows you to high and low master the gage and set the software to do an automatic interpolation The procedure 1 Enter the size measurement of your high master in the high master field 2 Enter the size measurement of your low master in the low master field 3 Position your cursor in the high gage reading field then put your high master into the gage and transmit a value to the software using the master high button The value will transmit from the gage in terms of a number of digital segments as discussed earlier and will display in the high gage reading field 4 Position your cursor in the low gage reading field then put your low master into the gage and transmit a value to the software using the master low button The value will transmit from the gage in terms of a number of digital segments as discussed earlier and will display in the low gage reading field 5 Save the gage file template by using the save button This sets up an automatic interpo
45. he appropriate com port the one connected to the gage Pick the right gage driver name Then go to the data menu in the main window and try entering data using the gage NOTE It is not a good idea to use the same gage driver file on two different com ports 3 4 2 2 Multi Line In this multi line reading example scenario we selected create template from the test menu of the gage template window then took a transmission string from the gage or gage interface by pressing the read gage button The window looks like this Dani Lage ra j trad In this example each time the gage transmits it sends an ASCII character string with two lines Elements of the transmission include three spaces at the beginning of the string shown as underscores X then a measurement value An invisible carriage return line feed also exists at the end of the first line The second line includes three spaces Y and another measurement value Each space these characters occupy in their respective lines is referred to as a column The decimal point is counted as a character So the X measurement starts in column 6 and ends in column 10 of line 1 and the Y measurement starts in column 6 and ends in column 10 of line 2 Remember Quickie98 will accept data for only one input i e one variable at a time This means you can set the template to accept data f
46. he transmission is completed or until the specified delay has elapsed The value entered is in tenths of seconds not seconds When using BAUD rates below 2400 it may be necessary to specify a small delay of up to 5 10 of a second to account for the slow transfer rate Buffer Size The buffer size option boxes must also be set to control the size of each com port character buffer Specific options are selectable as character buffer sizes The default 1024 should be adequate for almost all situations Use larger buffer options only when pages of ASCII information are being transferred through the com port with each transmission If the buffer size is not large enough data will be lost Special Clear Buffer on Initialization If a gage sends initialization information on startup it will need to be cleared from the buffer or it will be treated as a reading transmission and erroneous readings will be displayed on the screen Select this option to clear this information before starting normal gage entries Save Button The save button stores the data and sends you back to the gage template window Cancel Button The cancel button cancels any changes made and sends you back to the gage template window 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Setup Menu 3 4 1 4 2 RS 232 Options The RS 232 options window looks like this RS 232 Options EN Handshaking 12 ATS CTS M DSR DTR f XONZ lt XODFF Th
47. ilable space Report Titles A title can be defined for each report Quickie98 generates Report 1 is the control chart To change the existing Process Control title erase or overwrite it with the desired title The maximum number of characters allowed in both titles is 40 Report 2 s title can also be changed Press the next button to make the capability analysis title appear in the field Erase or overwrite the title as desired Press OK to save the changes Move between the titles with the next or previous buttons Use the defaults button to put the default title back into the currently displayed report Suppress Product Identification Check Box Trial packages are set to print a sales oriented message on the bottom of the reports After purchase and software registration this message can be suppressed so that it will no longer print on the bottom of the reports Check the box with your mouse to suppress the Quickie98 sales message from printing on the bottom of your reports 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Reports Menu 51 6 4 Search You can use review from the data menu on the main window to select subsets of data different from the defaults Printing can be initiated from the options menu in that area Many people find searching is the easiest way to choose the data to include in your report because you can see the actual data in spreadsheet form and select the desired su
48. imit records in a Quickie98 file control chart The key fields in this window are labeled range of data affected By setting the starting and ending dates and times you can define a control limit record The record can store a set of frozen control limits or if no frozen limits are defined the record will serve as a break in the naturally calculated limits Each time you add a new set of control limits using this system the control limit record field increments You can easily access any control limit record by using the arrows to increase or decrease the record numbers The associated dates and times display for each record number and change as the record numbers increase or decrease You can easily delete any control limit record by bringing it up using the arrows at the top of the window and using the delete screen button at the bottom of the window There is no logical limit to the number of control limit records you can have in a file Record This field shows the number of control limit records that have already been set in the current characteristic Use the arrows to see the starting ending dates and times along with identification and comments for each control limit record New This button creates a new control limit record at the end of the file by setting the starting date and time for the record to the current date and time When you save the record the record field will increment by 1 Identification
49. ing the search detal st button or by using reviewl gt from the data menu of the main window for a spreadsheet drag and highlight approach to data selection Calculations for all the statistics found in the report can be found herel 52 2014 DataLyzer International Inc so SPC Quickie98 6 3 Titles When you select the titles item in the reports menu the following screen will appear It is identical to the system definitions window in the setup menu System delmitionz x Compary Name AAA Header field 1 prompt PianuDepatmeht A 00 Header field 3 prompt Operation tt tst lt Cs Defaults Report Titles Report 1 of 2 Previous CONTROL CHAAT Mag con TROL CHART Delaults Suppress product identification on reports OK Cancel The responses you enter into these fields will be used by the Quickie98 program as field titles and report headings Company Name Anything entered into this field will be printed on the top of the control chart and histogram reports Maximum number of characters that will be accepted in this field is 40 Header Field 1 Prompt Header Field 2 Prompt Header Field 3 Prompt The header fields allow you to enter your own titles for each of the three fields at the top of the create new characteristic window They also appear at the top of the reports If you choose to change these field titles 24 characters is the maximum ava
50. ional Inc always recommends purchasing this cable from the gage or interface manufacturer to eliminate cable problems From the setup menu select the gage template item to display the following window Type in a file name for the gage file up to 24 characters then press the OK button The gage template 177 window will appear NOTE Characters not allowed in gage names lt gt Reserved words that cannot be used as gage names CLOCK CON AUX COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 LPT1 LPT2 LPT3 PRN NUL Gage Template Examples 27 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 3 4 1 Setup Menu Gage Template Window The gage template window looks like this Fie Test Specw Options Oem Port Settings Baudis EM Pay ore patas le Fl swf d Teanam nsion to wvisine gage Trarareesion to pompt gage la reading Line terminator for ines recewed from gage Lines per rararecti n received from gage Reading Deche Line number of seeding m gage bansmirion Stating colunn of seeding n ine Ending cobre of reading in ke Sn column of wadr in ine d Port Settings Refer to the user s manual of your RS 232 gage or multiplexing interface for information regarding its baud rate parity data bits and stop bits Set the software s communication parameters to match the gage by pulling down each parameter s list and selecting the appropriate value with the mouse or by typing in the values for baud rate
51. istical Process Control Manual by AlAG or A New Measure for Process Capability Cpm Journal of Quality Technology Vol 20 No 3 July 1989 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Calculations 87 7 1 5 7 Cp vs Pp Values Cp values are known as process capability measures They are calculated using the variation found in subgrouped data to estimate the population s variation This is done using the average range divided by a d factor for the subgroup size sigma hat or 6 Because Cp values are derived from the control chart some assumptions regarding the process have been made If these assumptions or conditions are not met the Cp measures do very little to describe the true process The two basic precepts to these values are that the process is normally distributed and that the process is stable or in statistical control If either of these conditions is not met the Cp measures will fail to describe the process accurately By visually inspecting the control chart you should be able to check for out of control conditions and the percent of points in the middle third of the control limits will give an indication of the distribution of the averages approx 68 for a normal distribution Be aware that a non normal distribution can produce a normal distribution of subgroup averages The central limit theorem states that the larger the subgroup size the closer the distribution of averages will approximate a normal curve All
52. keyboard When multiple lines are transmitted from the gage this feature allows you to tell the software which line will contain the measurement you want Starting Column of Reading in Line Values for this field area must be set through the create template item in the test menu Entries are visible from this screen for summary purposes only and cannot be changed using the keyboard Its purpose is to locate the position of the first character in the transmission s actual measurement value No measuring units channel identifiers or other miscellaneous information in the transmission should be confused with the location of the first character in the measurement Ending Column of Reading in Line Values for this field area must be set through the create template item in the test menu Entries are visible from this screen for summary purposes only and cannot be changed using the keyboard Its purpose is to locate the position of the last character of the transmission s actual measurement value Measuring units channel identifiers or other miscellaneous information in the transmission should not be confused with the location of the last character in the measurement 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Setup Menu s Sign Column of Reading in Line Values for this field area must be set through the create template item in the test menu Entries are visible from this screen for summary purposes only and cannot
53. l be displayed with a green dot if it was in control when it was entered A red point means that the subgroup was outside the control limits when it was entered A blue letter T means that the subgroup was part of a trend up or down of seven or more subgroups when it was entered A yellow letter R means that the subgroup was part of a run of seven or more subgroups above or below the process average at the time it was entered Note that only the seventh subgroup and all subsequent subgroups of the run or trend are flagged This is because the run or trend is not considered significant until that seventh subgroup was entered level of statistical significance 99 An X indicates the point has been excluded from statistical calculations An N indicates a note was entered for that subgroup So if the subgroup point is out of control it becomes a red N or X Chart Information Area To the right of the charts is the chart information area Each of the fields in this area is described below Subgroup The subgroup field is at the top of the chart information area In this field you can enter the subgroup number that you want to edit or input Any number is valid up to the number of subgroups already in the file plus one The subgroup number displayed is also the subgroup highlighted by the chart cursor The average and range charts have the ability to scroll back and forth allowing access to all of the subg
54. lation relationship The software does the following calculation automatically High master is to low master as high gage reading is to low gage reading This defines 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Setup Menu 25 the measurement size corresponding to each digital segment received The multiplication of the number of segments by the measurement increment per segment is then done automatically in the background so the actual measurement value is entered in the input window as the current measurement value Save Button The save button saves the template to a GAG file Cancel Button The cancel button exits without saving 3 4 1 4 Options Menu The gage template window s options menu contains the following items Communication Options 28 RS 232 Options 27 3 4 1 4 1 Communication Options The communication options feature sets the number of characters that can be held by each com port before processing Communication Options Ed r Line length Length fo I Accept short input lines Test reading timeout Seconds before timeout 7 Delay between lines 1 10 second B Buffer size 1024 C 2048 4096 8192 r Buffer usage IV Special Clear Buffer on initialization Save Cancel Use Fixed Length Lines Length To use the use fixed length lines option mark the check box and set the length of each line to be accepted from th
55. m the gage field is used to enter the number of lines the gage will send each time it transmits See the gage s operating manual for this information Sometimes instruments will send a multi line report va RS 232 intended to print on a printer In cases where more than 5 lines are transmitted it is often necessary to use the communication options window and increase the delay between lines by 5 seconds or more Ifit is not clear exactly how many lines are transmitted or if delays are required use the create template item in the test menu to take test transmission s This facility will display the number of lines being received by the software To display the number of lines set the number of lines to a large number such as 8 or 10 and read the gage You ll be able to see five lines at a time During the create template test the software will report how many lines were received from the gage the maximum being the number of lines set in this field A field will appear next to the word transmission that will report how many actual lines were received from the gage then you can go back and adjust the number of lines per transmission to match the number received in the test Line Number of Reading in Gage Transmission Values for this field area must be set through the create template item in the test menu Entries are visible from this screen for summary purposes only and cannot be changed using the
56. manently because the com port selection for ongoing use is made from the com port assignments item in the setup menu of the main window Timeout The timeout field allows you to set how long you want the software to continue trying to receive a reading once the test has begun If the gage is not communicating at all this feature limits the amount of time spent waiting for a transmission Clear Button The clear button clears the test reading window Message The message field will display operational comments that the software reports to you about the transmission Messages include opening com port send data now communication timeout etc Filtered Readings This area displays characters transmitted from the gage To use this window set the com port using the pull down list then press the read gage button The current template will be used and attempt to receive data from the gage Messages such as reading complete or timeout error may display in the message field If the software receives anything from the gage through the template it will show up in the filtered readings area along with some additional comments supplied by the software related to the number of channels received the line number and item number in the line associated with each measurement etc Read Gage Button The read gage button attempts to take measurements from the gage for seven seconds after which ti
57. manufactured by a factory in Detroit They call the clip type 1234 A The part dimension or characteristic being checked is the clip s overall length The engineering specifications for this part characteristic are 0 500 mm to 0 900 mm Fred our press machine operator will take five clips from his machine every 30 minutes measure them carefully and enter the measurements into the computer This is all the information we need to get started During this tutorial characters you are to enter in a field will be enclosed in brackets lt gt Do not type the brackets themselves just the information between them We are now prepared to create a file with Quickie98 If you are following along on the computer make sure the program is loaded and the main window is visible before continuing Your screen should look like this SPC Quickie98 uses a database file to hold all the information you enter Subgroup data are stored along with descriptive information like specifications subgroup size etc for each part and characteristic being monitored This one file created by the program holds all the parts characteristic definitions and the measurement data for the system As a matter of organization characteristics are defined and stored as subsets of parts so you first create a part then you define or create characteristics under that part 2 1 New Part Creation Create a part by opening the file menu and selecting new part Th
58. meout error will be reported in the message field OK Button The OK button exits to the gage template window 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Setup Menu 23 3 4 1 3 Special Menu The items in the special menu allow selection of special gaging situations Once anything other than standard has been selected the associated window will appear for additional settings in that area Standard 23 Single Channel A DI23 3 4 1 3 1 Standard Unless the gage is a single channel A D type the standard item should be checked 3 4 1 3 2 Single Channel A D This item is used to master analog to digital conversion transmissions Typically A D converters break an analog DC voltage range into digital segments An example would be a 12 bit A D converter breaking a given DC voltage range into 4096 digital segments If the analog range is 2 volts DC to 2 wlts DC this 4 volt range will be divided into 4096 segments or approximately 1000th of a volt per segment A D interfaces typically transmit a measurement in terms of the number of segments the measurement represents out of the total voltage range Therefore if the gage can measure 010 inches to 010 inches this range will be cut into 4000 segments with each segment equating to 000005 of an inch This means that each 1000th of a DC wolt increment is represented by 000005 of an inch travel in the gage Therefore when the gage measures 005 inches it will tran
59. n the transmission line where the reading characters belong and enter number hash signs from the keyboard This procedure is available but doing an actual test with a gage connected is the recommended approach By testing you functionally test the gage cabling and software settings and by overwriting the transmitted string directly you are sure of proper placement of the number hash signs If template placement is incorrect you will only get part of the measurement value through to the software during data entry For example a gage reading like 3 655 might come through as 655 Up and Down Buttons The up and down buttons allow you to use the mouse to scroll to the transmission lines off the screen Decimal Button Pressing the decimal button after you take a sample reading will cause each character in every line to be replaced with its ASCII decimal equivalent The decimal button is inactive until you take a sample reading from the gage This function allows you to see unprintable characters that may be in the transmission Example 1234567890 Gage transmission X 5 42mm After pressing the decimal button 10 88 58 32 53 46 52 50 109 109 Column The column field shows the position of the cursor within the transmission field Read Gage Button The read gage button is used to set the software to receive a transmitted string It will continue trying to receive a string from th
60. ng The only constraint here is that the lower spec must be less than the upper spec when you store the part description If there is no lower spec then enter the word none if the field is left blank none will be assumed When none is entered no CpR or Cpl will be calculated because they become statistically invalid since no tolerance range can be supplied to the formulae A numerical value is required for the upper and or lower Spec field Target In the target field you may enter a blueprint nominal value Often it is halfway between the specs but it does not have to be This represents the perfect measurement If you put a number in this field target pointers will appear on both sides of the X bar graph Both the control chart report and display will have these pointers Their purpose is to allow you to compare your process average central green line on the X bar graph with the target and determine whether the process needs adjustment No entry is necessary to create a file Units The units field is where you will enter the unit of measure for the specifications e g mm inches Natural Limits The natural limits lower spec check box is only available if the lower spec equals zero However even when this is true and the box is showing you should check it only if the process cannot produce data below zero That s because checking the box causes special unilateral non normal statistics
61. ntrol Limits It is not necessary to use the control limits facility to get results with Quickie98 The program s default operation calculates control limits naturally using up to the last 25 subgroups in the file However the control limit system provides some very powerful tools for following the process more closely and making the best possible decisions about process adjustments The control limits window looks like this Record H pm lt gt New Identification Frozen Limits UCLX UCLR LCL X LOLR Range ol data affected Starting date Ending date PS Starting time Ending time OK Delete Cancel 2014 DataLyzer International Inc File Menu This window gives you access to the advanced features of control limit control It allows you to stop and start naturally calculated control limits and or freeze control limits at historical levels if desired There can be many sets of control limits visible in a Quickie98 control chart As the process changes you may find it helpful to stop and restart the control limits to follow the change This results in steps in the control limits of the process At some point after the process is in control and stable you may also wish to freeze the limits Frozen limits appear as dashed lines across the screen vs solid lines for limits that are calculated naturally Though its overuse is discouraged there is no logical limit to the number of control l
62. ols to measure the degree of both types of variation with the goal being to eliminate special causes altogether Control charts and capability studies are the main tools used to describe processes Control charts use small samples taken at regular time intervals They track the stability of a process statistical location and variation Capability studies are used to predict the ability of the process to produce products within the required specifications Quickie98 provides both variable control charts and capability study reports There is a large burden of time and money that comes with implementing an SPC program The benefit and result of SPC is not reports The benefit comes from using the reports to identify sources of variation then reducing or eliminating them The intent of Quickie98 is to provide a quick and easy means of collecting data and generating reports By significantly reducing the time spent performing these repetitive tasks more time can be spent analyzing and solving the problems This documentation is not a complete guide to SPC If you find yourself in need of more detailed information regarding the implementation of an SPC program we suggest the following books Fundamental Statistical Process Control by AIAG and ASQ Quality Control Handbook by Juran Statistical Quality Control Handbook by Western Electric and Statistical Quality Control by Grant and Leavenworth More information on these books is available here 64
63. or X 2 660 x R 3 267 xR LCL XR E Irange xR LCL 0 or X 2 660xR Table value for E for n 2 is 2 660 Table value for Da for n 2 is 3 267 7 1 4 Control Chart Analysis Condition Status Description Point out of control OOC 1 point outside LCL or UCL Process run RUN ABOVE Series of 7 or more points all above X RUN BELOW Series of 7 or more points all below X Process trend TREND UP Series of 7 or more points ascending TREND DOWN Series of 7 or more points descending Percent Points in Mid 1 3 This indicates the percent of the average points on the chart that lie in the middle third of the control limits 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Calculations 55 7 1 5 Capability and Performance Assessment Estimated Sigma Sigma Hat 59 Sigmal sa Cpk and Ppk 557 Cpr and Ppr 561 Cpi and Ppilse 00015 Cp vs Pp Values 57 7 1 5 1 Estimated Sigma Sigma Hat Estimated Sigma Sigma Hat or 6 R d subgroup size 7 1 5 2 Sigma Sigma oro n total number of samples X individual reading i incremental value assumed to be 1 S population standard deviation or o X population average Ss S XY n 1 7 1 5 3 Cpk and Ppk USL X X LSL Cpk Minimum of 36 36 USL X X LSL Ppk Minimum of i 35 30 Note Ifa specification limit is defined as NONE INFINITE or marked as a NATURAL LIMIT that limit is ignored and other specification limit is used as the minimum value 2014 DataL
64. originally entered will be displayed To change it you must overwrite it Data Fields There will be from one to ten numbered fields in the data input window depending on how many samples you indicated as the characteristic s subgroup size when it was created For each of these fields you must enter the measured value for one of the samples you have collected for this subgroup After you have entered a value move to the next field by pressing the Enter key or clicking once on the next field If you make a mistake you can go back up to the line with the incorrect value by using the Up Arrow key or clicking on the line with the error Gage Data Entry Quickie98 can accept data directly from many standard RS 232 gage interfaces To get data from a gage you must have assigned the correct gage interface file to the correct com port If your gage is not included in the list of drivers shipped with Quickie98 you can create a driver for it by using gage template in the setup menu of the main window We welcome any gage template files created by our users The drivers you send to us become public domain for all Quickie98 users When using keyboard wedge utilities to communicate with gages make sure Quickie98 is set for no gage on all com ports You should not connect a mouse bus type and serial type on com ports where Quickie98 will receive data This will render the mouse inoperative If a gage has been installed on
65. ower spec 0 500 and subgroup size 5 Completing all other fields is optional 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Quick Start Tutorial 9 Our example completed characteristic description window will look like this Chip 1234A Overall length Speciicatens Subgroups Sine E Uppa Spec ka Nora Lint Leem Spec 0500 r As you can see many of the things you will type into this window hawe already been discussed All you have to do now is learn how to mowe the cursor around the screen and type our sample information into the fields The information entered in this window will be printed at the top of your reports Plant Department Enter the name of your plant division and or department in this field If you are using our clip example type in lt Detroit gt since the clips are being made at an imaginary Detroit facility You can enter up to 24 letters for the plant or department name No entry is necessary to create a file Part Number Name This field is filled in automatically with the part name you entered in the create new part window and cannot be changed Operation The operation relates to the process used to make the characteristic we are tracking For the clips we would enter lt Stamping Press 1 gt Again you can enter up to 24 letters for the operation name No entry is necessary to create a file Characteristic This field is filled in automatically with the characteristic name you entered in the
66. r The status bar displays the condition of the last subgroup of data entered The bar can change color as data are entered indicating their statistical control condition Text messages also appear inside the bar to reinforce the message Status colors and indications Color Text Message Condition Green In control Point within control limits Red Average OOC Above Average OOC Below Exceeding control limits average or range Range OOC chart Cyan Trend Up Trend Down Trend of seven consecutive points ascending Blue or descending Yellow Run Above Average Run Below Average Run of seven consecutive points above or below the average Black No Status Not enough new data are present to determine status Statistical Calculation Area Statistics for the last 25 subgroups are displayed on the bottom right portion of the window Recalculations of these statistics will be made after every five subgroups have been entered or upon exit and reentry from the main window Note that when you enter the fifth subgroup it is not included in the recalculation its status is evaluated by its relationship to the previous 25 subgroups See calculations 527 for a description of the methods used to calculate the statistics File Menul 43 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Data Menu a 5 1 1 1 File Menu The chart view window s file menu contains the following items Print When you select print the default
67. ready to enter subgroup 2 by repeating the procedure The statistics in the chart information area will be recalculated after every subgroup After a few subgroups have been entered your chart should look something like this mej When you are done entering data you can go back to the main window by selecting exit command in the file menu Now that you have created a file and entered some data it s time to print a control chart Printing a Chart At the main window open the reports menu Select the type of report to be printed Quickie98 will print control charts X amp R and X moving Range and capability study histograms Choose control charts for this example Select the file and characteristic in the same way you selected the part for data entry Select the CLIP 1234 A part and Overall Length characteristic The selected report will be displayed Press the print button to print the report by A Windows dialog box appears allowing you to specify the desired printer and other information Once you press the OK button the system prints the desired report As a default the control chart will use 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Quick Start Tutorial 13 the last 25 subgroups in the file for its analysis The histogram will use all the data available for its default analysis To select one specific set of data to print use the review command in
68. rom either the X characteristic or the Y characteristic but not for both To get the X measurement out of this string automatically each time it is transmitted overwrite the X measurement value 4 379 with number hash signs To get the Y measurement out of this string automatically each time it is transmitted overwrite the Y measurement value 3 465 with number hash signs This way each time the transmission is sent by the gage the software will use this template to look in these line and column positions for input values Once number hash signs are set where you want them covering the measurement value in the string press the save button Information in the gage template window s reading description area is established through using the create template item under the test menu The reading description area reports column positions 2014 DataLyzer International Inc s SPC Quickie98 where measurement values and signs reside Zeros will appear in the fields of this area until the template has been established through the testing procedure As the number hash signs are entered in the template the software picks up their column positions and fills in the column fields automatically With the Y measurement overwritten with number hash signs and the example template saved the gage template window will look like this Bodie EM ayiee Z AA
69. roups in the file during a data editing session To scroll the charts highlight the Subgroup field or click on a point on the graphs and press the Left arrow or Right arrow keys Below the subgroup field are the date time bar and R fields These fields show the date time average and range values for the subgroup number displayed in the subgroup field As the chart cursor is moved across the chart these values will be updated to show the values for the subgroup highlighted by the chart cursor These fields are for display purposes only you will have to edit the raw data using the data input window to change them Press Enter to enter data in the current subgroup number displayed or enter the subgroup number you want to edit and press Enter The data input window 43 will appear Edit Button The edit button will bring up the data input window with the subgroup data values for the subgroup identified You may then change any or all values previously entered in that particular subgroup Note Button The note button allows the entry of a 60 character comment to any subgroup Identify the subgroup requiring a note by clicking on it so its number appears in the subgroup field Then press the note button A window appears allowing you to type in any note you wish 2014 DataL yzer International Inc 2 SPC Quickie98 Delete Button The delete bu
70. s data acquisition from a com port using the baud rate parity and stop bit settings of the selected gage template gag file This testing process is also used to set the reading description area of the gage template window The create template window looks like this Jean Sena por to teat s Tec Ceod Tue Up Down Dawa Co lala Drei Lage Seve Serial Port The serial port selection area is used to temporarily designate a com port for the current test Select the com port from the pull down list This selection will not be stored permanently because the com port selection for ongoing use is made from the com port assignments item under the setup menu in the main window Timeout The timeout field allows you to set how long you want the software to continue trying to receive a reading once the test has begun If the gage is not communicating at all this feature limits the amount of time spent waiting for a transmission Clear Button The clear button clears all transmission lines of previously set number hash signs and extraneous characters that may exist from previous tests Message The message field will display operational comments that the software reports to you about the transmission Messages include opening com port send data now communication timeout etc Transmission Field s The number of transmission fields displayed in the tran
71. secavensetes 58 Dis tribution Curve Formulas ccsccsssecesscssccsecectsessesstusssccvessssscstecsecsedepseseasvicsesersoncustessensethensecvtesversserscesussteseatevts 59 Database Backup 63 References 64 ASCII Table 65 Index 68 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Introduction 5 1 Introduction Thank you for purchasing the SPC Quickie98 program We have taken great care to fashion the program to be used intuitively Though powerful SPC Quickie98 remains easy In fact we are confident that SPC Quickie98 will be one of your most valuable tools in achieving and maintaining world class quality results Before beginning you may want to read the following sections to familiarize yourself with the Quickie98 program The Purpose of SPC and SPC Quickie98 57 Vocabulary ei Quick Start Tutorial 7 Or see the instructions provided for each menu in the Quickie98 main window Setup Menu File Men z Data Menul 407 Reports Menul4 1 1 The Purpose of SPC and SPC Quickie All production processes have inherent variation That is no two pieces produced are exactly alike if measured precisely Variation can be the result of two different sources A stable process produces products that vary within a predictable range Predictable variation is called common cause variation Variations caused by non predictable events such as bad raw material a broken tool or a power sag are called special causes SPC gives us the to
72. set of data will print i e the last 25 subgroups visible on the chart The Windows print window will appear allowing selection of printer and paper source When OK is pressed from this window the print job will be sent to the destination printer Exit This option exits to the main Quickie98 main window 5 1 1 2 Data Input Window Data are entered or edited through the data input window that pops up over top of the chart view window To make this window appear either use the subgroup field to display the subgroup you wish to edit or the next subgroup number available for new data entry then press the Enter key or double click within the subgroup field The data input window looks like this Subgroup 11 Date Time p 1 ta 5 Avg Range OK Note Cancel Date The first field is date Enter the date the subgroup was collected To enter the current date in the field automatically press the Enter key or double click on the field If you are editing the subgroup the date originally entered will be displayed To change it you must overwrite it Time The next field is time Enter the time the subgroup was collected To enter the current time in the field automatically press the Enter key or double click on this field 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 4 SPC Quickie98 If you are editing the subgroup the time
73. smission field s area is dictated by the number entered in the lines per transmission field previously described under the gage template window These fields are used to create the template under which the measurement values can be found When a gage transmits one or more strings of information during testing they will appear in these fields Use the arrow keys to access only the lines and columns that have characters received from the gage including spaces Then overwrite the desired measurement number including the decimal point in each line with number hash signs and save the template Thereafter during standard use each time the gage transmits a string of characters the software will pick up values located under the designated positions in the template and use these values as numeric input for data entry A maximum of 130 characters can be accommodated on each transmission line When the sign of the measurement value in the transmitted string is right in front of the measurement i e they are contiguous overwrite the sign with a number hash sign also When they are not contiguous overwrite the sign with an S for sign 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Setup Menu 21 If you are sure of the position of the measurement value within the transmitted string and do not wish to do an actual live test you can create the template in the following manner Use the arrow keys to go to the position i
74. smit the representative number of segments or 3000 This value is then converted into inches with the result reported to the software as the measurement from the gage In this case 005 inches A D data acquisition 1 A D interface receives a voltage corresponding to the magnitude of the part size being measured 2 A D interface converts the voltage coming from the gage into a corresponding number of digital segments This number of segments is then transmitted via RS 232 to the Quickie98 software 3 The software reconverts the number of segments received into a value to be used as input This is done by interpolating or extrapolating from the master values set during the template creation Example 1 200 digital units received 200 x 001 low master measurement value taken as input in the software This automatic interpolation is set up using the single channel A D facility 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 2 SPC Quickie98 When the single channel A D item is checked the following window will appear acte Sena pot Lo test he Treat ka 01600 High Mats a soe a ooo e Dap Mate H Geet Lona o Mata Los f Serial Port to Test The serial port to test area includes option buttons for specifying which RS 232 port will be used for testing Timeout The timeout field allows you to set how long you want the software to continue trying to receive a reading once the test has be
75. stics are the fundamental component of the Quickie98 system indivdual characteristics are used for data entry Under any given part name you can create or define as many characteristics for data collection as you wish To create a new part from the main window select new part from the file menu The following window will appear Create new past File Name Enter a file name up to 24 characters into the file name field NOTE Characters not allowed in part names Previously created parts are organized in alphanumeric order in the list under the file name field When you first create a part the system will automatically cycle to the create new characteristic window so the first characteristic of the part can be created 2014 DataL yzer International Inc 32 SPC Quickie98 4 2 4 2 1 New Characteristic A characteristic is the variable being defined and tracked by a control chart This item allows you to create a characteristic under an already existing part To create a new characteristic from the main window select new characteristic from the file menu The following window will appear Create new characteristic for CLIP 1234 4 File Name Enter a file name into the file name field up to 24 characters NOTE Characters not allowed in characteristic names Previously created characteristics are organized in alphanumeric order in the list under
76. sting part name To rename a part select rename part from the file menu The open part window will appear Select the desired part and press OK The rename part window will then appear Selected name CLIP 1234 4 New name Enter the desired name for the new part file in the new name field and press OK All characteristics and data associated with the original part name will now be associated with the new part Press cancel to exit without saving 4 6 Delete Part This menu item is used to delete an entire part including all of its characteristics and data To delete a part select delete part from the file menu The open part window will appear Select the desired part and press OK A warning window will appear requiring you to confirm your desire to delete this part all of its characteristics and data If you select yes the file will be removed with no possibility of restoration Pressing no causes the warning window to disappear with no other action 4 7 Delete Characteristic This menu item is used to delete a single characteristic including all of its data from a part To delete a characteristic select the delete characteristic from the file menu The open part window will appear Select the part containing the characteristic to be deleted and press OK A delete characteristic window will appear allowing you to choose which
77. t O Or D O gt lt lt UK conc Si ASCII Table SPC Quickie98 Index A AD 23 ASCII table 65 average 40 43 53 58 B backup 63 books 64 e calculations 40 52 capability analysis 45 47 calculations 57 customize 14 50 example 49 print 12 45 47 scales 35 select data 45 select data search 51 statistics 58 view 12 45 47 capability and performance assessment 55 characteristic 6 8 control limits 36 delete 39 description window 8 32 new 8 32 open edit 38 scales 35 Chart control limits 36 scales 35 chart view window 10 40 com port 17 20 21 assignment 15 comment 8 32 communication options 25 company name add to report 14 50 control chart 45 47 calculations 52 control limits 36 customize 14 50 example 48 print 12 43 45 47 scales 35 select data 45 select data search 51 view 12 45 47 control limits 36 40 calculations 53 54 copy part 38 Cp w Pp 57 Cpi 56 Cpk 55 Cpm 56 Cpr 56 create characteristic 8 32 part 7 31 custom header fields 14 50 custom part information 8 32 D data 40 delete 40 45 edit 40 enter 10 40 enter from gage 43 exclude 40 review 45 search 51 data input window 10 43 data menu 40 database 6 63 date 10 43 delete characteristic 39 data 40 45 part 39 department 6 32 display 45 47 capability analysis 12 45 47 control chart 12 40 45 47 distribution curve 59 2014
78. the data menu of the main window or the search data button in the open characteristic window when printing That s it You have finished creating a file entering data and printing a control chart Now create a file for each process you want to monitor using SPC Before you begin however take some time to look through the rest of the user s manual for additional timesaving features of SPC Quickie98 2014 DataL yzer International Inc 1 SPC Quickie98 3 3 1 Setup Menu The items in the setup menu are described here System Definitions 14 Languagel 15 Com Port Assignment 15 Gage Template 15 System Definitions When you select the system definitions item in the setup menu the following screen will appear Company Name Header field 1 promot Plan Depaiment 7 Header field 2 prompt Part Number 777 Hesderfidd Ipremet Operon Defaults Report Titles Report 1 of 2 Previous CONTROL CHART r CONTROL CHART Deia 7 Suppress product identification on reports The responses you enter into these fields will be used by the Quickie98 program as field titles and report headings Company Name The text entered into this field will be printed on the top of the control chart and histogram reports The maximum number of characters that accepted in this field is 40 Header Field 1 prompt Header Field 2 prompt Header Field 3 prompt The header fields allow
79. the file name field Press OK The characteristic description windowl 32 will appear Characteristic Description Window The characteristic description window is where the setup information for the characteristic is entered and edited The information entered in these fields defines the characteristic and will appear at the top of reports printed for the characteristic The characteristic description window looks like this Ele Options Characterittic Descaption PlriDepatrent Pat Number Marne f eros Ka 12344 Singrg presa c S Special Find T eee ees Pona beneath Special Field Coriertt Comet Specticatens Subgoups Size E L pat See 0 rer Netural See A Long Spec 0 500 rm Ja Cone The fields in this window and the restrictions placed on each field are described on the next few pages Some fields display fewer characters than they can accept In these cases the information in the field will move out of view as you type to allow you to enter the full number of characters allowed 2014 DataLyzer International Inc File Menu 33 Plant Department This field is used to identify your plant division and or department Entries in this field may be up to 24 characters long No entry is necessary to create a file Part Number Name This field is used to identify the part number and name of the characteristic The part name you entered when you created the part appears automaticall
80. the data input window will disappear and you will return to the chart view window 5 2 Delete Use this item to delete selected data from an individual characteristic After selecting the delete item from the data menu in the main window select a part and a characteristic A spreadsheet appears showing the data in for that characteristic Use your mouse to click and drag to select the columns of data you want to delete When you are finished press the OK to delete this data button to delete selected subgroups 6 7 8 1012 36 1040558 MITE 10 05 50 a 1005 30 DCH 10407750 171213 121245 171255 121499 131471 171446 142443 m3 6 4 147 ru m2 smi NOTE You can selectively delete individual subgroups from a data file in the chart view window using the delete button in that window 5 3 Review This item is used to view raw data from any individual characteristic in spreadsheet form It can also be used to view selected sets of data in control chart and histogram form To review a specific set of data select the review item under the data menu in the main window Open the part and characteristic desired 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 4 SPC Quickie98 The following window will appear 10 20 98 10 70 5984 10 20 96 10 20 98 10 20 98 10 20 98 10 24 160678 ISO 15019 150208 150771 150 150 63 am sm Kid Som Use your mouse to click and drag highlightin
81. the file To open a part select open from the file menu The open part window will appear Select the desired part and press OK The open characteristic window will then appear Select the desired characteristic and press OK This will open the characteristic definition window Copy Part The copy part menu item is used when you need to create another whole part identical to the one that already exists All characteristics are copied with the same specifications comments etc The copy part facility allows you to make a duplicate part with a new name then edit only those fields that need to be changed in the duplicate This command does not allow you to copy a file to a different drive or directory No data will be copied only the characteristic descriptions To copy a part select copy part from the file menu The open part window will appear Select the desired part and press OK The copy part window will then appear Selected name CLIP 1234 A New name cora 2014 DataLyzer International Inc File Monu 39 Enter the desired name for the new part file in the new name field and press OK The new part will be created along with all characteristics defined from the original part No data will be copied Press cancel to exit without saving 4 5 Rename Part The rename part menu item is used to rename an already exi
82. these violations of the assumptions tend to generate Cp values that are better than the true values of the process Pp values are known as process performance measures They are calculated using the variation described by the standard deviation of the individual readings to estimate the population variation sigma or ol This may seem like a more reasonable set of measures because a clearer definition of the distribution is possible However unlike Cp which uses time as a factor because of its control chart roots Pp ignores time If the process is shifting over time the Pp will show a larger or worse process variation than is actually the case If Pp and Cp values agree within a few percent then it is most likely that you have a stable process and can feel comfortable with their accuracy in describing your process If they disagree a closer inspection of the cause of discrepancy should give a greater insight into the nature of your process 7 2 Capability Study Calculations Capability Statistics 58 Distribution Curve Formulas 5 2014 DataLyzer International Inc se SPC Quickie98 7 2 1 Capability Statistics n total number of samples x individual samples i incremental value assumed to be 1 S population standard devation or o X population average SUM X X X Sum of individuals SUM E X X 2 X Sum of squares SUM X 3 X 3 X Sum of cubes SUM X X X4
83. to the gage s manual for the necessary set of characters in this field You can use ASCII codes or literals as entries for this field When using ASCII codes enter the associated ASCII number separated by commas This is the only way to use characters such as carriage return and line feed e g 13 11 that do not display when typed When using literals enclose them in quotation marks e g SEND P is a special character when used outside quotation marks that indicates a one second pause It can be used between commands sent to the gage to allow the gage enough time to process each command 2014 DataLyzer International Inc 1 SPC Quickie98 Line Terminator for Lines Received from Gage The software must be told what character or set of characters will be at the end of each line sent by the gage The line terminator for lines received by the gage field is used to enter the line terminator character s In many cases entries in this field will not be visible when typed such as carriage return and line feed The default is carriage return ASCII character 13 When more than one entry is made in this field thereby establishing more than one character for line termination commas should be used between the characters If the comma itself is a line terminator use the ASCII character 44 for the comma character Lines Per Transmission Received from Gage The lines per transmission received fro
84. tton will cause the subgroup whose number is displayed in the subgroup field to be marked for deletion from the file To mark a subgroup for deletion first make sure the number of the subgroup you want to delete is in the subgroup field Once the subgroup has been deleted the subgroup will be redisplayed with a D and the chart statistics will be recalculated as if this subgroup were excluded The delete button acts like a toggle switch so to unmark the subgroup repeat the above procedure When you exit the data input window any subgroups that you have marked for deletion will be permanently deleted from the data file Exclude Button The exclude button will cause the subgroup whose number is displayed in the subgroup field to be excluded from the statistical calculations This feature may be used when a special cause of variation has been identified and if nonconforming products from that time period have been quarantined Once the subgroup has been excluded the subgroup will be redisplayed with an X and the chart statistics will be recalculated The subgroup will be stored with an excluded status and will appear as excluded during all subsequent data entry and output However the excluded point will be included in chart scaling calculations The exclude button acts like a toggle switch therefore to unexclude the subgroup repeat the above procedure Statistical Status Ba
85. tup menu and select language A list of languages will pop up Click on the desired language The package will blink briefly and reappear using the selected language This conversion does not change any entries you made in the file creation area nor does it translate the header fields or report titles you may have entered in system definitions 3 3 Com Port Assignment Quickie98 uses drivers to control communication between the computer s com ports and the gage or gage interface The computer can have up to four com ports installed but usually computers have only two installed This is because the operating system can deal with only two com ports at a time The following window allows you to assign these drivers to individual com ports You may find that certain com ports are identified as not available In these cases the com port is already being used by a mouse or other peripheral To assign a gage driver to a com port click on the pull down list next to the designated com port where your gage is connected Find your gage driver in the list and click on it Select gages for com ports E Com 1 Unavaiable i j Com 2 Unavaiablet NoGage y Com 3 Awalablel No Gage y Com 4 Unavalable Ju Gan d If your gage or gage interface cannot be found in the list of drivers see the gage templatel 187 item for information on how to create gage drivers 3 4 Gage Template Gage drivers do two things They define the communication
86. ust be an integer from one to ten inclusive A valid subgroup size is mandatory to create a file NOTE For a subgroup size of one a moving range is calculated based on two consecutive subgroups the current measurement and the last one collected are subtracted to produce a range value Upper Spec The upper specification is the upper engineering specification for the characteristic you are measuring on the part The only constraint on what you can enter here is that the upper spec must be greater than the lower spec If there is no upper spec enter the word none or infinite if the field is left blank none will be assumed When none or infinite is entered no CpR or Cpl will be calculated They become statistically invalid because no tolerance range can be supplied to the formulae The spec fields also control the precision of your measurement input That is if you want to allow for measurement in thousandths enter enough trailing zeros in the specs to allow for that precision For example a spec of 0 900 will cause any data entered beyond three digit precision to be truncated or cut off at three digits following the decimal Quickie98 s statistical calculations always go two digits beyond input precision 2014 DataL yzer International Inc 34 SPC Quickie98 4 2 1 1 Lower Spec The lower specification is the lower engineering specification for the characteristic you are measuri
87. y and cannot be edited Operation This field identifies the process that produced data for the file You may want to define the process in terms of machine number die number and or cavity number The information should be specific when trying to track down process problems Entries in this field may be up to 24 characters long No entry is necessary to create a file Characteristic The characteristic field is automatically filled in with the name you entered in the create new characteristic window Its purpose is to identify the part characteristic or feature being monitored You can change this name by clicking in the field with a mouse and typing in a new characteristic name Entries in this field may be up to 24 characters long Characteristic name is mandatory for file creation Special Field Title Special Field Contents On control chart and histogram reports the special field title and special field contents will be displayed as two additional lines in the part description Add your own special information about the part here each up to 24 characters Comment This field allows you to have a long comment print with the report such as S measurements taken hourly by the operator It has a 70 character input maximum No entry is necessary to create a file Subgroup Size Enter the number of samples to be collected in each subgroup This number will become permanent once you have started entering data It m
88. you to enter your own titles for each of the three fields at the top of the characteristic description window They also appear at the top of the reports If you choose to change these field titles 24 characters is the maximum available space Report Titles A title can be defined for each report Quickie98 generates Report 1 is the control chart To change the existing Process Control title erase or overwrite it with the desired title The maximum number of characters allowed in both titles is 40 Report 2 s title can also be changed Press the next button to make the capability analysis title appear in the field Erase or overwrite the title as desired Press OK 2014 DataLyzer International Inc Setup Menu 15 to save the changes Move between the titles with the next or previous buttons Use the defaults button to put the default title back into the currently displayed report Suppress Product Identification Check Box Trial packages are set to print a sales oriented message on the bottom of the reports After purchase and software registration this message can be suppressed so that it will no longer print on the bottom of the reports Check the box with your mouse to suppress the Quickie98 sales message from printing on the bottom of your reports 3 2 Language Several languages are or will be supported by SPC Quickie98 To change a language from the main window open the se

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