os-php-cake1-pdf - Peace for Nepal
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1. Figure 11 Data validation Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 29 of 37 developerWorks ibm com developerWorks CakePHP the rapid development php framework Please fill out the form below to register an account First Name Marvin Last Name Username me This field must have between 6 and 40 alphanumeric characters Email marvin siriuscyberneticscorporation hhg Password ee Regular expressions are versatile but they can t do things like tell you if a username has already been registered Taking validation further Sometimes you can t tell if data is valid just by looking at it For example the username may be between six and 40 characters but you will have to check the database to see if the username is already taken CakePHP provides the ability to manually mark a field as invalid Take a look at the be foreValidate method in Listing 25 This method would be added to the user model Listing 25 Validate the username function beforeValidate Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 30 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks ait Silas Sil if Sthis gt findByUsername this gt data User username Sthis gt invalidate username_unique return false return true This method tells the model that before any validation is run ch2. Password This field cannot be left blank sau Now try it a second time with different missing data see Figure 10 Figure 10 Data validation second try Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 25 of 37 developerWorks ibm com developerWorks CakePHP the rapid development php framework Please fill out the form below to register an account First Name Marvin Last Name Username Giggles Emaii Please supply a valid email address Password eause One thing you should notice is that the CakePHP is turning on and turning off your error messages for you on the fly Another thing you should notice is that CakePHP is remembering and populating the values for the form fields without you having to do anything That s where the big payoff comes in What didn t you have to do For one thing you didn t have to tell the form fields to repopulate their information from the _POST array CakePHP did that for you You didn t have to check each field for an error and conditionally display each message individually CakePHP did that for you You didn t have to make sure you formatted your tags into valid xhtml CakePHP did that for you too Helper notes Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 26 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks This tutorial barely scratches the surface of helpers A who
3. gt secret email gt beeblebrox heartofgold hhg first_name gt zaphod last_name gt beeblebrox The save method will build an INSERT statement from the rest It would look something like Listing 15 Listing 15 INSERT statement INSERT INTO users username password email first_name last_name VALUES Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 16 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks zaphod secret beeblebrox heartofgold hhg zaphod beeblebrox It should now be apparent why you used the database column names in the register view for the register form field names By doing so you simplified the process of saving your data significantly To continue if the data inserts successfully the register action calls the Flash method Flash presents a basic message to the user in this case a Success or failure message with a link away from the message in this case back to the register view since nothing else has been defined Now that you have a user model to interface with your users table and a register view to show a registration form and a users controller with a register action you can actually see your application in action Try it out All the pieces have fallen into place It s time to bring Tor to life Fire up your browser and jump in Load the register view by going to http localhost users register You
4. Getting Started New CakePHP 1 3 Docs The 15 min Blog Tutorial More about Cake CakePHP is a rani develonment framework for PHP which naes Commnnoly known desion natterns like Active The following list are some items to verify Is your htaccess file correct You should have gotten an htaccess file in the CakePHP installation directory On most nix systems this will be hidden from view by default If you do not have the file check the source you downloaded or get a fresh update from CakePHP org Confirm that the file exists and is valid by going to the installation directory and running cat htaccess This will display the file s contents which should look like Listing 6 Listing 6 Confirming that the htaccess file exists lt IfModule mod_rewrite c gt RewriteEngine on RewriteRule app webroot L RewriteRule app webroot 1 L lt IfModule gt Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 7 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks Is mod_rewrite enabled for the server Make sure that mod_rewrite is enabled for your Web server For Apache there are two lines that should appear in the httpd conf file In the LoadModule list you should see the following line or something very close to it LoadModule rewrite_module libexec mod_rewrite so In the AddModule list you should see this line or something very close AddModule mod_rewrite c If you cannot find
5. a function to check the users table for a username before saving the user Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 27 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks Regular expressions briefly A full discussion about how regular expressions is outside the scope of this tutorial The PHP Manual contains information about regular expressions in PHP and should be reviewed before going too far in rolling your own data validation regular expressions see Resources A regular expression is basically a pattern of characters used for comparing one string to another For example the character in a regular expression will match any character any number of times If you don t know anything about regular expressions don t worry The example below should help get you started Roll your own validation For the username and password fields let s validate that the submitted data is no longer than 40 characters It is also helpful to verify that the username and password are at least six characters And let s also limit the characters to only alphanumerics A regular expression to match strings with a length between six and 40 characters would look something like this a z0 9 6 40 1i Reading that regular expression from left to right e Marks the beginning of the regular expression e Says from the beginning of the string e a z0 9 Says any one character from a t
6. applications easier to maintain and quicker to write CakePHP is full of cool and useful features CakePHP wants to handle your Ajax your data validation your sessions It will even slice your bread if you can write a plug into tell it how But you can t use CakePHP yet You need to install it first Unpack and install For the purpose of this tutorial the entire CakePHP installation directory should be unpacked within the webroot of your Web server In Listing 1 the webroot is Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 3 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks webroot Listing 1 Unpacking the CakePHP installation directory unzip cakephp cakephp 1 3 4 0 g703344c zip cd cakephp cakephp dfoffd4 mv webroot Type ls la webroot to list the contents of the webroot and verify that the files have been moved properly The output should look something like Listing 2 Listing 2 Output of the Is command i a 1 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 159 2010 09 12 00 57 htaccsss STW ae 1 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 1154 2010 09 12 00 57 README clia iprcie ps1 13 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 4096 2010 09 12 00 57 app Clinipeie Nee 5 6 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 4096 2010 09 12 00 57 cake TEW G 1 YOURUSER YOURGROUP ESA Cae OO OS een 00 57 mees Pa Claw eis Sie 2 YOURUSER YOURGROUP aosi ZOO gt 09 gt 2500 oi so kag ans drwxr xXr x 3 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 4096 2010 09 12 00 57 vendors The direct
7. of users Good Time to turn that into a table Replace the contents of knownusers ctp with the following from Listing 19 Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 21 of 37 developerWorks ibm com developerWorks Listing 19 Creating a table lt table gt lt php echo S html gt tableHeaders array_keys knownusers 0 User foreach knownusers as S thisuser echo Shtml gt tableCells Sthisuser User gt lt table gt The first helper will create a set of table headers from an array of data in this case the list of keys for our users The second helper will create a set of table cells wrapped in table row tags from an array of data in this case the values for each user That s it Save it then visit http localhost users knownusers to see the results see Figure 8 Figure 8 The results CakePHP the rapid development php framework id username first_name last_name 4 trillian Tricia McMillan 3 dentarthurdent arthur dent 2 hitcher ford prefect 1 zaphod zaphod beeblebrox Cesse j rowen default 3 queries took 2 ms Num Took Nr Query Error Affected Seep Oi 1 SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM users 6 6 1 2 SELECT CHARACTER_SET_NAME FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA COLLATIONS 1 1 WHERE COLLATION_NAME utf8 amp _general_ci 3 SELECT User id User username User first name 4 4 User last _ na
8. should see something like Figure 4 Figure 4 Loading the register view Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 17 of 37 developerWorks ibm com developerWorks CakePHP the rapid development php framework Please fill out the form below to register an account Username Password Email Address First Name Last Name _ register default 2 queries took 2 ms Num Took Nr Query Error Affected rows ms 1 SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM users 6 6 1 2 SELECT CHARACTER_SET_NAME FROM INFORMATION _SCHEMA COLLATIONS 1 1 1 WHERE COLLATION_NAME utf8_general_ci Fill out and submit the form You should see your success message see Figure 5 Figure 5 Success message Your registration information was accepted If you look in your database you should see a record corresponding to your form submission complete with a plain text password a terribly bad idea which we will fix later Try to fill out the form again using the same information You should see the failure message see Figure 6 Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 18 of 37 ibm com developerWorks Figure 6 Register failure Warning 512 SQL Error 1062 Duplicate entry gaphod beeblebrox heartofgold hhg developerWorks for key 2 Query INSERT INTO users username password email first
9. these lines in your httpd conf file mod_rewrite is not enabled Consult your server documentation for details on how to do this Does the server allow htaccess override Make sure your Web server is configured to allow htaccess override For Apache each directory should be defined in the httpd conf file These definitions can look very different from installation to installation but you should still see the line AllowOverride A11 inthe definition Your definition might look something like Listing 7 Listing 7 Definitions in the httpd conf file lt Directory webroot gt Options Indexes MultiViews AllowOverride All Order allow deny Allow from all lt Directory gt Consult your server documentation for more details about htaccess override Configuring a database connection Now that you ve got CakePHP installed and on speaking terms with your Web server you need to introduce CakePHP to your database This section will cover setting up the database configuration and verifying that CakePHP likes your database Tor is going to need a place to store its user and product data You ll be soon be creating a users table to be used to build the login and registration parts of Tor Editing the database configuration file Setting up your database configuration is pretty darn easy but before you start make sure your database server is running that you have created a database for your application and that you have a username and pa
10. user defined controllers will need to extend the CakePHP AppController class In Tor you have created a users table a user model to interact with the table and views to present registration and login forms to the user Those forms will submit to the users controller invoking the register and login actions respectively The users controller should be created as app controllers users_controller php and should start out looking something like Listing 12 Listing 12 The users controller lt php class UsersController extends AppController BS The register action You now have a controller But it s not doing anything yet Before it will do anything for you you ll have to give it some actions to perform Now you are getting down to the nuts and bolts The user has filled out a form and submitted it to the application We will cover data validation later but for now we will just push the registration data into the database We do this by adding the register action to the users controller see Listing 13 Listing 13 The register action lt php class UsersController extends AppController function register if empty this gt params form Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 15 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks if Sthis gt User gt save S this gt params form Sthis gt flash Your registration infor
11. Getting started Quick and easy PHP rapid development aid Skill Level Intermediate Duane O Brien PHP developer Freelance 21 Nov 2006 Updated 08 Feb 2011 CakePHP is a stable production ready rapid development aid for building Web sites in PHP This Cook up Web sites fast with CakePHP series shows you how to build an online product catalog using CakePHP Part 1 focuses on getting CakePHP up and running and the basics of how to put together a simple application allowing users to register for an account and log in to the application Section 1 Before you start Editor s note This series was originally published in 2006 and has undergone several revisions since in order to keep up with ongoing developments on CakePHP This revision was written for CakePHP V1 3 4 This Cook up Web sites fast with CakePHP series is designed for PHP application developers who want to start using CakePHP to make their lives easier In the end you will have learned how to install and configure CakePHP the basics of Model View Controller MVC design how to validate user data in CakePHP how to use CakePHP helpers and how to get an application up and running quickly using CakePHP It might sound like a lot to learn but don t worry CakePHP does most Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 1 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks of it for you About this series e Part 1 focus
12. _name last_name There was a problem with your registration If you are using a database that supports the UN QUE field restraint the registration will fail During the creation of the users table the username and e mail fields were defined as UNIQUE meaning values for those fie recognizes the error when the database throws it Section 4 Helpers Ids cannot be duplicated CakePHP and displays an error Helpers in CakePHP exist primarily to help soeed up the development of your views There are helpers for HTML Ajax JavaScript and more Helpers make it easier to insert pieces of HTML code you find yourself writ ing multiple times Modifying the users_controller php file To start using Helpers you will need to modify th e users_controller php file you created earlier You should give the controller a name and tell it that you want to use some helpers in this case the HTML and Form helpers Edit the file to add the name and helpers Class variables see Listing 16 Listing 16 The users controller lt php class UsersController extends AppController var Sname Users var Shelpers array Html Form function register Getting started Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Trademarks Page 19 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks Now that you have included your helpers you can begin using them Making tables easier Users of Tor
13. ank dy password gt array rule gt notEmpty message gt This field cannot be left blank dy email gt array rule gt email message gt Please supply a valid email address To break this down briefly the validate array contains entries for validation consisting of a key the form field name and an array of parameters used to evaluate the data the rule to be invoked and the message to be displayed when the rule is violated It is not necessary to validate all of the form fields In Listing 20 last_name and first_name were left optional CakePHP comes with several predefined regular expressions for data validation The notEmpty rule is used just to make sure the field is not empty while the email rule is used to verify that a string looks more or less like an e mail address There are many other predefined validation rules available Now take it for a spin Try submitting the form with no data with one or two required fields empty with an invalid e mail address see Figure 9 What do you see Figure 9 Data validation first try Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 24 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks CakePHP the rapid development php framework Please fill out the form below to register an account First Name Marvin Last Name Username Giggles Email marvin siriuscyberneticscorporation hhg
14. d the Tor application look for opportunities to improve the data validation Don t be afraid to put in more data validation than this tutorial demonstrates Never assume your users are sending you the data you asked for Validate everything CakePHP makes it easy Section 6 Filling in the gaps So far users can register for your application and see who has already registered The application needs some filling in Using the skills you ve learned so far try filling in some more functionality Check out Part 2 for examples of the following Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 32 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks Login The login view should gather the user login information and submit it to the users controller The users controller should look to see if the user is in the database and verify that the password is correct If the user has correctly logged in write the username to session and send the user to the index action Hints e Use the built in Sthis gt User gt findByUsername Syour_username_variable_here to search for the user in the database e Write the user s name to Session with Sthis gt Session gt write user Syour_username_variable_here Index action The index action should check to see if the user s name has been written to the session If the user s name has been written to the session pull that information from the database and pr
15. e CakePHP data validation Prerequisites It is assumed that you are familiar with PHP have a fundamental grasp of database Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 2 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks design and are comfortable getting your hands dirty A full grasp of the MVC design pattern is not necessary as the fundamentals will be covered during this tutorial More than anything you should be eager to learn ready to jump in and anxious to speed up your development time System requirements Before you begin you need to have an environment in which you can work CakePHP has reasonably minimal server requirements 1 An HTTP server that supports sessions and preferably mod_rewrite This tutorial was written using Apache V2 2 4 with mod_rewrite enabled 2 PHP V4 3 2 or later including PHP V5 This tutorial was written using PHP V5 2 3 3 A supported database engine This tutorial was written using MySQL V5 0 4 You ll also need a database ready for your application to use The tutorial will provide syntax for creating any necessary tables in MySQL The simplest way to download CakePHP is to visit CakePHP org and download the latest stable version from the Downloads section see Resources This tutorial was written using V1 3 4 Section 2 Installation CakePHP wants to make your life easier regardless of your level of experience by making your
16. eck to see if the submitted data has an ID If there is no ID look for other users with the same username If there are any mark the username field invalid and skip any remaining validation return false You can take full advantage of this by changing the username input line in the register ctp view to the following shown in Listing 26 Listing 26 New username input line echo Sform gt input username array after gt Sform gt error username_unique The username is taken Please try again This tells the register view what to do when encountering error messages called username_unique like you designated in the beforeValidate method Save your files and try it out Go to http localhost user knownusers to get a list of existing users Then go to http localhost user register and try to create one with the same username You should see the following in Figure 12 Figure 12 Data validation successful Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 31 of 37 developerWorks ibm com developerWorks CakePHP the rapid development php framework Please fill out the form below to register an account First Name Hactar Last Name Username hitcher The username is taken Please try again Email hactar ailasticarmourfiends hhg Password sauce Good data validation is an important step in creating any secure application As you buil
17. ended to table names for any database call made by CakePHP Using a prefix may be necessary if the database is shared among applications to keep tables from stepping on each other where two or more applications want a table with the same name such as users Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 9 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks Don t forget to save the file Any number of database configurations can be specified in database php provided they have distinct names You can specify which database configuration the application should use in the models Some notes about databases and CakePHP e The tables must have a primary key named id e If you include a created or modified column in the table CakePHP will automatically populate the field when appropriate e Table names should be plural users products eggs sodas winners losers Their corresponding models will have singular names user product egg soda winner loser e If tables are to be related foreign keys should follow the format table_id with singular table names For example user_id product_id egg_id soda_id winner_id and loser_id would be foreign keys for the table s user product egg soda winner and loser Validation 2 Go back to the URL you used to validate the initial installation You should see that the CakePHP default home page has changed to indicate the status of your databa
18. erWorks iobm com developerWorks Ultimately a view is just a page template Usually the view will be named after the action associated with it For example a display action would normally have a display view Returning to the sample application we have created a users table and a user model to interact with this table Now we need some views The user will need to register an account and log in to the application This calls for a register and a login view The register view Before a user can use the Tor application he will need to register an account This will require a register view which will present the registration form to the user You should already know what kind of user information Tor is looking for specifically you will need to collect a username password e mail address and first and last name The register view should be created as app views users register ctp and might look something like that shown in Listing 11 Listing 11 The register view lt form action users register method post gt lt p gt Please fill out the form below to register an account lt p gt lt label gt Username lt label gt lt input name username size 40 gt lt label gt Password lt label gt lt input type password name password size 40 gt lt label gt Email Address lt label gt lt input name email size 40 maxlength 255 gt lt label gt First Name lt label gt lt input name firs
19. es on getting CakePHP up and running and the basics of how to put together a simple application allowing users to register for an account and log in to the application e Part 2 demonstrates how to use scaffolding and Bake to get a jump start on your application and how to use CakePHP s access control lists ACLs e Part 3 shows how to use Sanitize a handy CakePHP class which helps secure an application by cleaning up user submitted data Part 3 also covers the CakePHP Security component handling invalid requests and other advanced request authentication e Part 4 focuses primarily on the Session component of CakePHP demonstrating three ways to save session data as well as the Request Handler component to help you manage multiple types of requests mobile browsers requests containing XML or HTML and so on e Part 5 deals with caching specifically view and layout caching which can help reduce server resource consumption and speed up your application About this tutorial This tutorial shows how to get started using CakePHP You ll go through the installation process then get down and dirty by writing the user registration code Through it all you ll see how much time you could have saved had you been using CakePHP all along This part of the tutorial builds the online product application Tor which includes a request dealership username and password page and a login page CakePHP topics include e MVC design e Helpers
20. esent the user with a customized greeting If the user has not logged in direct him to the login action Logout The logout action should delete the user s username from the session and forward the user to the Login action Bonus Modify the register action to automatically log the user into the system and forward the user to the index action Modify the register and login actions to use hashed passwords rather than saving your passwords in the database as plain text Don t worry too much if you get stuck Part 2 provides sample solutions to these problems Then you ll jump right in and build out the Tor application product gallery Happy coding Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 33 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks Section 7 Summary This tutorial taught you how to install and configure CakePHP the basics of MVC design how to validate user data in CakePHP how to use CakePHP helpers and how to get an application up and running quickly using CakePHP Part 2 covers writing plug ins for your application and using CakePHP s access control lists ACLs Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 34 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks Downloads Description Name Size Download method Part 1 source code os php cake1 source zip 3KB HTTP Information about download methods Getting started Tradema
21. folder should have been updated as shown in Listing 5 Listing 5 Updating the permissions for the tmp folder drwxrwxrwx 6 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 2010 09 17 00457 Twa Giving write permissions to everyone is not recommended for general use Ideally you should change the ownership of this folder to match the user that the Web server uses or add the user that the Web server uses to a the group for the directory and add group write permissions This tutorial is intended to demonstrate how to use CakePHP and is not designed to be a guide for building secure applications While security should be at the head of any application development a full discussion of secure PHP practices is outside the scope of this tutorial For a production installation change the webroot of the Web server to app webroot which will minimize the amount of code accessible via the Web browser and help enhance the security of your installation Validation 1 In a browser go to the URL that corresponds with the webroot for your Web server For example if you ve installed CakePHP into the webroot of your localhost go to http localhost you should see the CakePHP default home page see Figure 1 Figure 1 The CakePHP default home page as it should be seen Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 5 of 37 developerWorks ibm com developerWorks CakePHP the rapid development php framework Release No
22. le tutorial could be written on the subject Learning how to use helpers well will go a long way toward helping speed up your development in CakePHP CakePHP includes helpers for Ajax using prototype js JavaScript number conversion text handling dates times and more Review the manual see Resources to get more familiar with some of these helpers Section 5 CakePHP data validation You now have a brief look at CakePHP data validation by putting in some basic validation for users based on defined regular expressions By defining your own regular expressions for data validation you can exercise more control over the pass fail criteria for individual form fields within Tor The Tor user model Take another look at the user model see Listing 23 Listing 23 The user model lt php class User extends AppModel var Sname User var Sname User var Svalidate array username gt array rule gt notEmpty message gt This field cannot be left blank Me password gt array rule gt notEmpty message gt This field cannot be left blank L email gt array rule gt email message gt Please supply a valid email address This is a good start but it s not enough You ll want to make sure the field lengths are honored and that the username does not already exist You will accomplish this by defining your own regular expressions for validation and defining
23. logical Swiss Army knife since the Oregon Trail was text only His favorite color is sushi He has never been to the moon Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 37 of 37
24. ly a model will associate to a database table if the table name is a plural form of the model name For example a Product model will by default associate to a Products table All user defined models will extend the CakePHP AppModel class The user model Having created a users table for Tor you will need a user model to interact with the table The user model will save your user data get it back out of the table for you and verify that the user data is in an acceptable format For now this model can be a stub It should be created as app models user php and might look something like Listing 10 Listing 10 The user model lt php class User extends AppModel BS var name User Notice the line var name User lt is accepted as best practice to specify the name of the model in name View Being able to save retrieve and validate your data is pretty useless without some means of displaying the data By putting all display and presentation code in one place you can change the look and feel of your application without having to work around application logic and data related code View is primarily concerned with formatting data for presentation to the user The view represents any and all UI work including all templates and HTML CakePHP s view files are regular HTML files embedded with PHP code Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 13 of 37 develop
25. mation was accepted users register else Sthis gt flash There was a problem with your registration users register The register action starts by looking at the form Sthis gt params form to see if it was submitted If the form was not submitted the action will not do anything Once you know the form was submitted with data the controller calls the save method on the user model which is an extension of AppModel The save method will by default look for a table that s a plural of the model itself In this case it is looking for a users table to go with the user model If the table is found the save method will turn the passed array Sthis gt params form into an INSERT statement using the array keys as column names and the array values as the INSERT values Once you know the form was submitted with data the controller calls the save method on the user model which is an extension of AppModel The save method will by default look for a table that s a plural of the model itself In this case it is looking for a users table to go with the user model If the table is found the save method will turn the passed array Sthis gt params form into an INSERT statement using the array keys as column names and the array values as the INSERT values In this case Sthis gt params form will look like Listing 14 Listing 14 The this gt params form array username gt zaphod password
26. me FROM users AS User WHERE i 1 ORDER BY id DESC By using the tableCells helper you have eliminated the need to write your own code to iterate through the array of user data This is just one example of how to use helpers to make it easier to work with HTML in CakePHP Form generation Building a Web application without using forms is like milking a chicken It s Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 22 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks extremely complicated and rarely works Well built and maintainable forms are a foundation to any well built application Given how often you will need to build forms it only seems natural to look for ways to make the process easier without cutting corners Using helpers in the registration form Helpers are especially useful when generating forms You can use them to generate the HTML for your input fields as well as placeholders to hold validation error messages Using helpers to generate the form fields and error message holders for Tor the register view might look more like Listing 20 Listing 20 Using helpers to generate the registration form lt p gt Please fill out the form below to register an account lt p gt lt php echo form gt create User array action gt register gt lt php EGChHOms GOrm lmotited V iirst name echo form gt input last_name echo form gt inpu
27. o z or 0 to 9 e 6 40 Says at least six times but no more than 40 times e Says and the string ends e Marks the end of the regular expression e i Ignore the casing of any letter So read altogether this regular expression says from the beginning of the string a letter or number at least six but not more than 40 and the string ends ignore case To put the regular expression to use see Listing 24 replace the instances of notEmpty with the regular expression in single quotes to prevent PHP from trying to interpret any of the special characters Listing 24 Regular expression in PHP script lt php class User extends AppModel Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 28 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks var name User var Svalidate array username gt array Yeule gt la n0 9 6 40 8 2 message gt This field must have between 6 and 40 alphanumeric characters dy password gt array ule gt la 20 9 6 40 S x message gt This field must have between 6 and 40 alphanumeric characters dy email gt array umale gt Vernet iY message gt Please supply a valid email address Make sure you ve saved all of your files go back to http localhost users register and try to register a user with a four character username You should see something like Figure 11
28. ory app tmp needs to be writable by your Web server Confirm the permissions on this folder by typing 1s 1 app The output will probably look similar to Listing 3 Listing 3 Confirming the folder permissions SHWRS 1 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 141 2010 09 12 00 57 htaccess drwxr xXr X 3 YOURUSER YOURGROUP AGI ZOLO OG 12 00757 Comes drwxr xXr X 3 YOURUSER YOURGROUP AVI om 2010 09 12 00 57 controllere SEW 1 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 685 2010 09 12 00 57 index php drwxr xr x 2 YOURUSER YOURGROUP doge 2010 09 12 00 57 iios drwxr xr x 3 YOURUSER YOURGROUP AOE RAO TO 09S hs Oto melo cake drwxr xr x 4 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 4096 2010 09 12 00 57 models JWE SE X 2 YOURUSER YOURGROUP A096 200 09 12 00257 plugins Glia pe eK 5 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 4096 2010 09 12 00 57 tests drwxr xXr X YOURUSER YOURGROUP AGI ZVLO OY L2 OOeS7 icine drwxr xXr x 3 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 4096 2010 09 12 00 57 vendors Cirp Nie 5 8 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 4096 2010 09 12 00 57 views drwxr xr x 6 YOURUSER YOURGROUP 4096 2010 09 12 00 57 webroot The simplest way to accomplish this is probably the most common and least secure give write permissions to everyone see Listing 4 Listing 4 Giving write permissions to everyone chmod R 777 app tmp ls il app Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 4 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks The permissions for the tmp
29. re for IBM a seamless out of the box easy to install PHP development and production environment that supports IBM DB2 V9 Stay current with developerWorks Technical events and webcasts Check out upcoming conferences trade shows webcasts and other Events Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 36 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks around the world that are of interest to IBM open source developers Visit the developerWorks Open source zone for extensive how to information tools and project updates to help you develop with open source technologies and use them with IBM s products Watch and learn about IBM and open source technologies and product functions with the no cost developerWorks On demand demos Get products and technologies Innovate your next open source development project with IBM trial software available for download or on DVD Download IBM product evaluation versions or explore the online trials in the IBM SOA Sandbox and get your hands on application development tools and middleware products from DB2 Lotus Rational Tivoli and WebSphere Discuss Participate in developerWorks blogs and get involved in the developerWorks community Participate in the developerWorks PHP Forum Developing PHP applications with IBM Information Management products DB2 IDS About the author Duane O Brien Duane O Brien has been a techno
30. rks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 35 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks Resources Learn Visit CakePHP org to learn more about it The CakePHP API has been thoroughly documented This is the place to get the most up to date documentation for CakePHP The Cookbook is Cake s Wiki driven user manual and contains lots of helpful information There s a ton of information available at The Bakery the CakePHP user community CakePHP Data Validation uses PHP Perl compatible regular expressions Read a tutorial titled How to use regular expressions in PHP Want to learn more about design patterns Check out Design Patterns Elements of Reusable Object Oriented Software also known as the Gang Of Four book Check out some Source material for creating users Check out the Wikipedia Model View Controller Here is more useful background on the Model View Controller Here s a whole list of different types of software design patterns Read about Design Patterns PHP net is the central resource for PHP developers Check out the Recommended PHP reading list Browse all the PHP content on developerWorks Follow developerWorks on Twitter Expand your PHP skills by checking out IBM developerWorks PHP project resources To listen to interesting interviews and discussions for software developers check out developerWorks podcasts Using a database with PHP Check out the Zend Co
31. se configuration see Figure 3 Figure 3 CakePHP default home page has changed to indicate status of database configuration Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 10 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks CakePHP the rapid development php framework Release Notes for CakePHP 1 3 4 Your tmp directory is writable The FileEngine is being used for caching To change the config edit APP config core php Your database configuration file is present Cake is able to connect to the database Editing this Page To change the content of this page create APP views pages home ctp If the default home page says the database configuration file is not present you may have put it in the wrong place or misnamed it Make sure the database configuration file is app config database php If the default home page says CakePHP is unable to connect to the database confirm that the connection information you entered is valid and retry Creating the application tables So now CakePHP your Web server and your database are all on speaking terms Time to roll up your sleeves and get to the real work Tor needs a users table This table will contain the basic information necessary to identify and interact with a user A simple username and password field would probably suffice but other information can be useful such as an e mail address for sending password reset req
32. should be able to see who else is registered to use the application CakePHP has a number of helpers in place to assist with creating tables These helpers include many useful bits of functionality some of which you have probably written more than once To demonstrate this you will create a view to display registered users Start by creating a knownusers action in the users controller see Listing 17 Listing 17 Creating a knownusers action function knownusers Sthis gt set knownusers Sthis gt User gt find Tad array fields gt array id username first_name last_name vorder E Vael Diese This calls the built in find function on the user model The find function takes a number of parameters such of matching conditions in this case you passed a11 instead of some matching conditions an array of fields to be returned we don t want all of the user information just what you would want everyone to see and a sort field and order in this case id DESC to sort the fields in descending order by ID You can also specify a limit maximum rows to return page if you are paging the data and a recursive option which can be specified to return models associated with the data for example if you were querying a groups table and several users belong to each group The output from find is put into the knownusers variable The data can now be accessed from a view Creating the knownusers
33. ssword for a user with rights Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 8 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks to the database To start make a copy of the app config database php default file and save it as app config database php Do this to preserve a copy of the original template Open the file in your favorite text editor and look for the section shown in Listing 8 it should be just near the bottom of the file Listing 8 The app config database php default file var Sdefault array driver gt mysql persistent gt false Tinosie eca liosta login gt user password gt password database gt database_name prefix gt Modify this information to fit your installation driver This can be mysql mysqli postgres sqlite mssql db2 oracle adodb or pear drivername This tutorial assumes mysql persistent This field tells CakePHP whether it should use persistent database connections This should be true or false This tutorial assumes false host This is the hostname of your database server such aS localhost or mysgql yourdomain login This is the username for your database login such as dbuser password This is the password for your database login such as secretsecret database This is the name of the database you wish to use such as cakedev prefix Prefix is a string such as cp_ that is prep
34. start to get complicated CakePHP is designed to make writing the application as easy as possible while giving you something you can maintain long term The tutorial will show you how to build Tor using the MVC design pattern CakePHP will show you how it can be easy You ll see for yourself why it makes sense The MVC design pattern breaks an application into three distinct layers Data management UI and Logic respectively MVC was first described in the book Design Patterns Elements of Reusable Object Oriented Software also known as the Gang Of Four book A full discussion of design patterns and MVC is outside the scope of this tutorial but it will be helpful to touch on what the three pieces mean specifically in the CakePHP world Model Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 12 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks Users products prices messages when you boil it all down it s all just data You make sure the data is what you want it goes into a database then you have to get it back out It will be useful for all the data handling aspects of Tor to live in one place That where model comes in Model is primarily concerned with handling data Getting data from a database inserting data into a database validating data all of this takes place within the model An individual model typically is used to access a specific table in the database General
35. t username echo form gt input email echo form gt input password PS lt php echo form gt end Register gt As you can see making use of CakePHP s helpers can save you quite a bit of code when writing basic form elements Now let s look to make even more use of your helpers Making the most of your helpers To start getting more payoff from your helpers you ll need to do two things update your users controller and introduce a little data validation Open controllers users_controller ohp and change your register function to match the one in Listing 21 Listing 21 Updating the users controller function register if empty this gt data if this gt User gt save this gt data this gt Session gt setFlash Your registration information was accepted Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 23 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks Note that the occurrences of this gt params form have changed to Sthis gt data Now open the user model and add a little data validation covered in detail later For now modify your user model to look like the one in Listing 22 Listing 22 Modifying your user model lt php class User extends AppModel var name User var validate array username gt array rule gt notEmpty message gt This field cannot be left bl
36. t_name size 40 gt lt label gt Last Name lt label gt lt input name last_name size 40 gt lt input type submit value register gt lt form gt It is important to note that the field names are the same as the column names in your database This will come into play when we get to the users controller Later when you learn a little more about Cake and see how Cake Helpers work you will rewrite this page completely but for now this page is regular HTML just like you have probably always written Controller With data handling all contained within in the model and the presentation layer all Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 14 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks contained within the view the rest of the application is going to live in the controller This is where the application does things logic decision making workflow etc The model manages your data the view shows it to you the controller does everything else The controller manages server requests It accepts user input URL requests form POSTS GET requests etc applies logic where necessary invokes models where data handling is required and sends output through the appropriate view Generally a controller will manage logic for a single model A controller contains any number of functions referred to as actions An action typically applies logic and displays a view All
37. tes for CakePHP 1 3 4 Read the changelog see aees Pr The FileEngine is being used for caching To change the config edit a Your tmp directory is writable APP config core php Editing this Page To change the content of this page create APP views pages home ctp To change its layout create APP views layouts default ctp You can also add some CSS styles for your pages at APP webroot css Note If the default home page looks more like Figure 2 then mod_rewrite is not working the way CakePHP requires This can sometimes be a problem for first time users Figure 2 The incorrect looking home page Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 6 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks Release Notes for CakePHP 13 4 Read the changelog Notico 1024 Please change the value of Security salt in app config core php to a salt Notico 1024 Please change the value of Security cipherSeed in app config core php to a Your tmp directory is writable The FileEngine is being used for caching To change the config edit APP config core php Your database configuration file is NOT present Rename config database php default to config database php Editing this Page To change the content of this page create APP views pages home ctp To change its layout create APP views layouts default ctp You can also add some CSS styles for your pages at APP webrootcss
38. uests first and last name for personalization and last login date to help track inactive accounts You probably want your username and e mail fields to be unique Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 11 of 37 developerWorks iobm com developerWorks And don t forget the primary key ID field The SQL to create your table might look something like Listing 9 Listing 9 SQL to create your table CREATE TABLE users id INT 10 NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY username VARCHAR 40 NOT NULL password VARCHAR 40 NOT NULL email VARCHAR 255 NOT NULL first_name VARCHAR 40 NOT NULL last_name VARCHAR 40 NOT NULL UNIQUE username Yema miky TYPE MYISAM Notice that the username password first_name and last_name fields have a maximum character length of 40 We will enforce this character length in the user model The 40 character maximum length in this case is entirely arbitrary Section 3 MVC design It s common enough at this point to jump in and start cranking out code based on what the application is intended to do A login page a database registration BAM Simple enough And it usually is Until you want to change how it looks how it interacts with the database change validation rules or change essentially anything about the application at all Then things
39. view Create the file app views users knownusers ctp in a text editor To see what the data returned by indA11 looks like output the knownusers variable using var_dump see Listing 18 Getting started Trademarks Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 2011 All rights reserved Page 20 of 37 ibm com developerWorks developerWorks Listing 18 Output the knownusers variable using var_dump lt pre gt lt php var_dump knownusers gt lt pre gt Visit the view at http localhost users knownusers You should see an array of user data shown in Figure 7 Figure 7 The results CakePHP the rapid development php framework array l O gt array i User j gt array 4 id j gt string i 1 username j gt string 6 zaphod first_nane j gt etring 6 zaphod last_name gt string 10 beeblebrox default 3 queries took 4 ms Num Took Nr Query Error Affected vous Gad 1 SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM users 6 6 1 2 SELECT CHARACTER_SET_NAME FROM INFORMATION _SCHEMA COLLATIONS 1 1 2 WHERE COLLATION_NAME utf8_general_ci 3 SELECT User id User username User first_nane 1 1 1 User last name FROM users AS User WHERE 1 1 ORDER BY id DESC If you only have one user listed go back to http localhost users register and register a few more The end result will be more impressive Got a nice big array
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