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Micrometrics SE Premium User Manual

1. ometrics SE Premiu loy 1000 Control Panel PA Imaging Control i Print gt p 4B dose Capture Control Preset gt Video0n 1 Video Off wt 4 AreaAE Area WB Bias 0 S Fol Capture Light Source Frequency O50H2 Osz DC C Continuous Auto Exposure Time Lapse Interval i 0 s Duration ol ts Note that an enhanced print preview toolbar appears There are seven buttons the function of each is explained below S Print Fo N mE ol lose Click to start the actual printing 24 info micrometrics net Click to view the next page Click to view the last page Click to toggle between two page view and single page view Click to zoom in the image Click to zoom out the image Click to exit the print preview mode This is equivalent to pressing Esc key The status bar will be displaying the page number of the image being previewed The main window now shows the print layout of the images Print preview has incorporated configurations set by both Print Setup and Print Image Layout Print Use the Print command to output a hardcopy of the active image or all opened images This command only initiates the printing process and does not specify how the printing should be done The printer selection and configuration is carried out by Print Setup The digital zoom factor position and alignment of images are specified by Print Image Layout Toggle Preview Use the Toggle Preview c
2. Query by Author Click Search in and select Author The toolbar of the auxiliary window Database shows the edit control John where the name of the author on which the search will be done may be specified Push 4 to start searching The search result will be given in the record list Query by Description 148 info micrometrics net in Click aeon and select Description The toolbar of the auxiliary window Database shows the edit control inclusion where one or more words on which the search will be done may be specified Push M4 to start searching The search result will be given in the record list Histogram and Look up Table LUT Histogram Wy Wy A histogram is a graphic representation of the number of pixels at each brightness level in an image Micrometrics SE Premium plots histograms for all three channels of the active image based on RGB color model In the black square box the x axis represents the color value from darkest 0 at the far left to brightest 255 at the far right the y axis represents the frequency 1 e the total number of pixels with that value the origin of the histogram is the bottom left corner of the black box Note that histograms of red green and blue channels are shown in the same coordination system as red green and blue bars and so they may overlap The following table helps to tell the overlapping range of the histograms 149 info micrometrics n
3. The example below illustrates the process 103 info micrometrics net Polygon Use the Polygon command to measure the area and perimeter of a polygon Click to specify the vertices of the polygon After the last vertex has been specified double click right button to start and to complete the measurement The polygon will be put on the overlay layer of the image A short text describing the measured area and perimeter will appear in a text box annotation object Two entries will be appended to the auxiliary window Measurement One entry is the area the other is perimeter Measurement Options Use the Measurement Options command to specify if and how the annotation will be generated for measurement This command brings up the following dialog 104 info micrometrics net Measure Options Generate Annotation Ww 2 Number of Decimal Places BE geqce Pret Angle Polline Total Length Length Average Circle tram 3 Points Radius Area Pernmeter Area Polgori Fermeter Caliper The text annotation may or may not be generated Check Generate Annotation to create text overlays for measurement commands If a measurement command outputs more than one quantity the annotation overly of either or both may be turned on or off Each annotation item starts with a lead text and followed the measured quantity and closed by the measurement unit specified in calibration The lead text may be freely changed du
4. the live image which specified the center of the rectangle on which the white balance will be based The width and height of the rectangle is 63 info micrometrics net the smallest region of interest that 1s supported by the camera Interactive Use the Interactive command to adjust the intensity saturation and hue of the active image or the camera Interactive Adjustment Intensity Saturation Indicate the intensity of the image is being adjusted The intensity of a pixel is in the range 0 255 Values out of the range will be truncated Indicate the saturation of the image is being adjusted The saturation of a pixel is in the range 0 255 Values out of the range will be truncated Indicate the hue of the image is being adjusted The hue of a pixel is in the range 0 255 and is cyclic with a period of 256 color component Show the current amount that is being added to a certain color component of all pixels A value may be entered directly color component to the active image 64 info micrometrics net Cancel Push to close the dialog and discard any modification r to the active image If the active image window is empty and is streaming video the Interactive command adjusts the gain saturation and hue of the camera Interactive Adjustment Intensity vw Cancel Saturation a Indicate the gain of the camera is being adjusted S The gain of the camera is equivalent to a multip
5. gt 3 Channel command to switch the camera to the imaging mode that all the red green and blue channels are activated 28 info micrometrics net Fluorescent Special gt Green Red Use the Fluorescent Special gt Green Red command to switch the camera to the imaging mode that only green and red channels are activated Fluorescent Special gt Green Blue Use the Fluorescent Special gt Green Blue command to switch the camera to the imaging mode that only green and blue channels are activated Exit Use the Exit command to close Micrometrics SE Premium This command prompts to save modified documents Micrometrics SE Premium considers an image as a modified document if it has never been saved in native format or it has been processed or measured after the last time it was saved Viewing an image in different ways measurement in progress not yet completed and annotating an image before the annotation objects are burned into images are not considered as modifying an image 29 info micrometrics net The Edit Menu Micrometrics SE Premium maintains a processing history for each image The processing history is a chain of internal buffers holding the states of the image A new state of the image is automatically created and appended to the processing history after each operation that has modified that image Viewing an image in different ways measurement in progress not yet completed and annotating an image befo
6. interior of the rectangle Click to pick up a new color as shown below 111 info micrometrics net Automatic BREREEEE R SERB EEEE n poog g pmi f g EES g Img o E More Colors Click Automatic to choose gray Click More Colors to bring up the standard Windows Color Picker Dialog where a new color may be defined If checked the Color property will be ignored and the interior of the rectangle will not be painted to allow the otherwise obscured objects or pixels to be visible _ Transparent Round Rectangle Use the Round Rectangle command to add round rectangle objects A round rectangle is similar to a rectangle except that its corners are made up of arcs The creation moving resizing and editing of a round rectangle is similar to those of a rectangle except for the following A round rectangle has nine resizing handles The handle within the round rectangle as shown below is used to adjust the roundness of the corners 112 info micrometrics net A round rectangle has limited line properties The line styles other than the solid cannot be specified for a round rectangle Ellipse Use the Ellipse command to add ellipse objects An ellipse is fully specified by its minimum bounding rectangle The creation of an ellipse object is identical to that of its minimum bounding rectangle as illustrated below although the rectangle is not visible when the ellipse is not selected An ellipse is moved
7. scaled up by 100 1 From Settings File Upon startup Micrometrics SE Premium will load the screen Gamma setting used last time Upon exit Micrometrics SE Premium will store the screen Gamma value to a private settings file 2 From Help gt Settings Any change made to screen Gamma will be shown when this dialog is open Any change made to screen Gamma during this dialog will be effective when Micrometrics SE Premium runs next time 41 info micrometrics net The Database Menu A full featured database system has been built into Micrometrics SE Premium The database is accessible whenever Micrometrics SE Premium is running All the information content of an image together with its quantitative result of measurement date of creation author and textual description may be archived in the built in database Micrometrics SE Premium uses a caption to uniquely identify each record in the database User specifies a caption for each image that is being stored to database Besides the caption there are three other fields in each record Date is the time of creation of the record Author is the name of the operator that has captured or processed the image Description is a single line of text usually explaining the image or the measurement performed over the image When a new record is created for an image the quantitative result of any measurement done so far for the image as shown in the auxiliary window Measurement
8. will also be saved to database The built in database is fully controlled from the corresponding auxiliary window The menu duplicates some of the more frequently used commands Store Use the Store command to save the active image and its measurement result to the built in database 42 info micrometrics net Database Caption Alloy 1 000 Date 2007 2 1 Author Jack Description The material to be used in Micrometrics camera housing Caption Alloy 1 OO Micrometrics SE Premium Specify a caption for the record to create Must be a single line of text The title of the active image is initially displayed but it is free to specify a different one The caption should be unique within the database Otherwise a warning message appears as shown below Answer Yes to replace the existing record with the same caption Answer No to abort the storing operation e P Database already contains a record captioned Alloy 1000 Would you like to replace the record Date 2007 2 7 Ea info micrometrics net Specify the date of creation of the record The date initially shown is that of the computer Click to pick up another date as illustrated below 43 Database Caption Alloy 1 OOO Date 2 172007 February 2007 A E 7 amp Tz 13 14 15 1a A a eo 2f 20 Today 27172007 A date may also be entered directly Author Specify the name of the person eer who is responsible for the acquisition
9. Remove Port Caas asf e Xr By i EDD Ge Cdt Yew Qatebase Field Adut Enhance Messe Areotete Window tiep O e dk 2 9 BSRABAARX 2ST S CSV CEH HERF EO SORR HHS AAV SKGELO amp BS kunea x Proset C VidooOn Video om S AAE of Aawe Sm 0 2 TO Cue Osh Om oc Caliper Click to specify 2 points to measare ther distance Right button double click to abort v info micrometrics net Workspace Besides image windows many other windows or user interface elements reside within the main window of Micrometrics SE Premium These include menu toolbars status bar and auxiliary windows providing additional information about the images or control of the camera Menu The menu can be either docked or floating Double click its grip or caption bar to toggle between the two states When the menu is docked it can be docked to any of the four sides of the main window Drag the grip or caption of the menu to adjust its position or to dock it to a particular side of the main window The grip of the menu is the dot matrix at the left or top of the menu in docked state Toolbar Micrometrics SE Premium has four toolbars Each toolbar can be either shown or hidden When a toolbar is shown it can be either docked or floating Double click its grip or caption to toggle between the two states When a toolbar is docked it can be docked to any of the four sides of the main window Drag the grip o
10. balls 109 info micrometrics net Rectangle Use the Rectangle command to add rectangle objects Each rectangle is specified by two diagonal vertices Press down left mouse button to specify one vertex Move the mouse to the other vertex while keeping left mouse button pressed to draw the rectangle Release left mouse button to complete the creation of this rectangle Repeat the procedure above to add more rectangle objects A rectangle object has eight resizing handles as illustrated below Drag the handles at the four corners to adjust width and height of the rectangle simultaneously Drag the other handles to adjust width or height but not both Drag anywhere else within the rectangle to move the rectangle object Double click a rectangle to edit its properties As illustrated below the properties of a rectangle object consist of those properties of those four lines that make up the rectangle and the properties that specify how the interior of the rectangle is to be painted 110 info micrometrics net Properties Graphics Line Color ae Size Fill Color Transparent TO Traller Style Head Style For line properties please refer to the Line command The painting of the interior of a rectangle is defined by the Fill sector of the above dialog Fill Color Transparent Show the present color to fill the
11. disk If checked the image of the full field view will be captured regardless of the preview state If unchecked only the image that is being previewed will be captured This can be a sub region of the full field of view or lower resolution image which Micrometrics SE Premium is using for display purpose If checked a new image window will be created to load a copy of the acquired image If checked and the acquired image is to store in a file a File Save As dialog will be brought up after each image is acquired The file name contained in the dialog is initially set to the previously specified file 139 name such as e report specimen jpg However it is free to change the file name or instruct Micrometrics SE Premium not to save this image to disk at all Auto increment file name If checked and the captured image is to store in a file the file name will be changed by Micrometrics SE Premium after the current image has been saved The new file name will be used for the next captured image The new file name will have a integer appended to the original text and this integer will be incremented by one each time the new file name is generated by Micrometrics SE Premium Extended Exposure ms The extended exposure mode is available to CCD Enable Reset Gain cameras only If Enable is kinimum 0126233 checked the following image captures will be Current 154 299 Auto based o
12. has no effect If there 1s currently 131 info micrometrics net no empty image window this command creates one and displays live images therein Push to turn off video preview if there is currently a window displaying live images Push to acquire an image based on the current camera settings and capture options The acquired image will be automatically calibrated according to system micrometer and present decimation factor 132 info micrometrics net Time Lapse Micrometrics SE Premium is able to acquire a sequence of images automatically an operation referred to as time lapse capture Two parameters have to be specified to start a time lapse capture one is the time interval referred to as frequency at which the images will be acquired and the other is the span referred to as duration of the time which is needed for the whole sequence of images to be captured An image of the sequence will be acquired according to the camera settings and capture options at the time when the acquisition action occurs Each captured image will also be calibrated according to the system micrometer and decimation factor at the time when the acquisition action occurs Note that the time lapse capture initiated from this sub pane will be carried out in background It is free to do whatever is possible with Micrometrics SE Premium during the time lapse capture a Interval 1 z Duration 10 z 1 11 completed 11 to go Inter
13. illumination remains even The TI info micrometrics net default value 31 should work well in most cases A greater value may be specified if the illumination is flatter A smaller value may be specified if the illumination varies more abruptly Push to dismiss the dialog and update the parameter for use with Flatfield Correction Push to dismiss the dialog and keep the original parameter of Flatfield Correction P Cancel Denoise Use the Denoise command to suppress noise in the active image The example below illustrates the process 78 info micrometrics net Remove Bad Pixels Use the Remove Bad Pixels command to detect and make up malfunctioning pixels The example below illustrates the process The first image is captured with a camera having defective pixels The second image is result of the operation The third image is the result of the command executed twice 79 info micrometrics net Unsharp Use the Unsharp command to do the generalized unsharp mask filtering for the active image The example below illustrates the process 80 info micrometrics net Unsharp Options Use the Unsharp Options command to set up parameters for Unsharp Unsharp masking 1s a traditional film compositing technique used to sharpen edges in and improve the contrast of an image Micrometrics SE Premium generalizes this technique to make it more powerful The generalized unsharp masking also k
14. image window will be created to hold the output image The output image has the same numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the same number of color channels The value of each color component channel of each pixel of the output image is set as the least of all corresponding values from all images in the Field Group The output image has the same sampling intervals and magnification setting as those of the first image in the Field Group The example below illustrates the process The first image is pure green simulating a microscope filter The second image is a raw image captured for a specimen The third image is the output of the Min operation with the previous two images as input Vector Arithmetic gt Average Use the Vector gt Average command to create a pixel wise channel wise mean value image from all images in the Field Group For this command to work all images in Field Group must be identical in the numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the number of color channels and there must be at least two images in the Field Group A new image window will be created to hold the output image The output image has the same numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the same number of color channels The value of each color component channel of each pixel of the output image is set as the mean of all corresponding values from all images in the Field Group The output image has the same sampling intervals and magnification
15. layers Annotation objects may be burned into the image where the pictorial layer is modified according to the vector graphics of the temporary layers Unburned annotation objects 1 e temporary layers are discarded when the image is closed The Active Image With Micrometrics SE Premium many images can be open simultaneously However only one of them may receive input focus This image is referred to as the active image In this document the active image the current image or sometimes the active image window are used interchangeably The active image window can be told easily from the other image windows Its title is being appended to the title of the main window Its caption is being highlighted When tabs are enabled for image windows the color of the tab of the active image is the same as the color of the inner frame of the main window as shown below in yellow The first example illustrates the active image window in normal state The second example illustrates the active image window in maximized state The Empty Image Window Micrometrics SE Premium employs an empty image window to display live images from the camera The live image may pan and scroll in the same way as a still image 1 e the hand tool 1s also available for live image info micrometrics net D Be Gdt wew Qetebase Field Aduz Enhance tearre Apnotete Window tiep DRU dk ARO HAMAX asn SBS CSV CEN RASOR HLS AAV SEL GLO amp BS tc uMuKResheans x
16. micrometrics net The Enhance Menu Flatfield Correction Use the Flatfield Correction command to filter the active image to make appear as if having been evenly illuminated The example below illustrates the process for a still image info micrometrics net Al 2 il XY ohi i AE i v oa id m r t fat Hk i s J 4 NLA fe op o gt ex oe sup E apih CAY E y NI Y Cj Ridin amp i 76 It the active image window is displaying video stream from the camera this command calibrates the camera to correct both illumination and optical system transmittance non uniformity For best result 1 Shoot the camera at a slowly varying white background The field of view should not be obstructed by any object other than the white background 2 Adjust the illumination lens aperture or camera exposure time so that the image is as bright as possible but not exceeding its dynamic range 3 Perform white balance to remove the apparent color aberrations The temperature should be reset to pure white Flatfield Correction Options Use the Flatfield Correction Options command to customize the filter employed in Flatfield Correction Options for Flat Field Correction Hormogenous A adius a Ta A Cancel The support of the Homogenous A adius 31 Gaussian filter that will be used to detect illumination distribution Intuitively it is the radius in pixels of the biggest circle within which
17. more details please refer to respective commands that set these parameters The capture options include frame averaging decimation where to store the captured images and so on For more details please refer to the Capture Options command Equivalent Commands 1 Shortcut Double click the empty image window that is displaying video 2 From Capture Control Sub Pane Preset Add Video On 8 Video Of Suto Exposure White Balance Fae Area AE 2 Area WE yr Bias U amp 90 Capture Light Source Frequency O 50Hz 60Hz2 DC Continuous Auto Exposure 27 info micrometrics net LUT gt Apply Use the LUT gt Apply command to activate or deactivate the LUT of the camera If the LUT is presently enabled this command will disable it If the LUT is presently disabled this command will enable it This command will not modify the LUT LUT gt Reset Use the LUT gt Reset command to set the LUT to its default state The default LUT is a linear mapping from the full dynamic range of the camera to 8 bits LUT gt Define Use the LUT gt Define command to bring up a dialog box where the coordinates of the controlling points may be entered directly LUT tor Camera 1 0 141 01 s2 D622 01 xe e 130 1 y p1 0 425 0 1 ye 0 905 0 1 A Cancel Note that the coordinates need to be within 0 1 and the x2 x1 gt 0 1 Fluorescent Special gt 3 Channel Use the Fluorescent Special
18. of parameters for controlling the camera a subset of capture options and image calibration information as detailed below Camera Settings Exposure Gain Gamma Saturation ue Brightness Contrast White Balance Rotation Flip 128 info micrometrics net Light Source Temperature Capture Options Frame Averaging Calibration Information Sampling Intervals Micrometer Magnification Micrometrics SE Premium maintains a list of presets A preset is identified by a name and by its position in the list if the name is not unique A present name is a single line of text which is entered when a preset is created and added to the preset list as shown below Preset Mame 400 Fluorescent Ta Pai Cancel Show the name of the preset that is currently applied Click to apply another preset A special preset named Default will be created by Micrometrics SE Premium whenever a new camera is attached It is always the first in the preset list and contains factory settings Push to remove the current preset from the preset list Note that the present camera settings capture options and system micrometer will not be affected Just that the preset is deleted from the list Push to create a new preset and add it to the preset list The name of the preset is specified in the dialog above The content of the preset is 129 info micrometrics net derived from the current camera settings capture option
19. of the text appears Click the drop list to specify whether the bounding rectangle is to be displayed straight as a rectangle or a round rectangle or an ellipse or not to be displayed at all Show how the positioned in the bounding rectangle Click the drop list to specify whether the text is to be left justified right justified or to be placed in the center If the bounding rectangle is to be shown the line and fill properties apply to the bounding rectangle If the bounding rectangle is to be shown as rectangle full line properties apply If the bounding rectangle is to be shown as round rectangle or ellipse line style is forced to be solid and the other line style settings will be ignored External 118 info micrometrics net Use the External command to insert an OLE object This command opens the standard Windows Insert Object Dialog as shown below All servers currently installed on the system are listed where an object may be created anew or from a file Insert Object Object Type Create New Microgort Equation 3 0 Microsoft Graph Chart 5 Microsoft Office Excel Chart O Create from Eile Microsoft Office Excel Worksheet Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation Microsort PowerPoint Slide Microsoft Word Document Microsort Word Picture _ Display As Icon Result lnserts a new Adobe Acrobat Document object m Into Your document Select Use the Select command to select one or mo
20. of the optical system The example below illustrates the process 91 info micrometrics net Spherical Aberration Correction Options Use the Spherical Aberration Correction Options command to specify to what degree the spherical aberration will be corrected vw Cancel More Clarity No Effect 100 Less Noise es info micrometrics net There is only one parameter to control the spherical aberration correction Acceptable values for this parameter are in the range 1 200 Setting the parameter to a number less than 100 will cause haze to be removed from the image Setting the parameter to a number greater than 100 will smooth the image 93 info micrometrics net The Measure Menu The measuring operations of Micrometrics SE Premium are the digital version of the more traditional planimetry with microscopes A measuring operation of Micrometrics SE Premium generates one two or three pieces of output information Each operation results at least in some graphics on the overlay layer of the image Most operations also create textual annotation objects describing the quantitative outcome of the measuring operations and entries in the table of the auxiliary window Measurement holding the quantities An image of Micrometrics SE Premium can have many layers At the bottom is the pictorial layer which is similar to an ordinary image consisting of pixels Above the pictorial layer is the mask layer The mask la
21. offset of the region of interest on the camera The vertical offset of the region of interest on the camera The width of live image in pixels The height of live image in pixels The number of columns of the pixel array of the camera The number of rows of the pixel array of the camera The current gain of the camera The current exposure time in milliseconds of the camera The current frame rate of the camera The magnification setting of the system micrometer The width of the whole field of view in microns The height of the whole field of view in microns 10 Auxiliary Window Micrometrics SE Premium has five auxiliary windows Control Panel Help Desk Database Measurement and Histogram Each of these auxiliary windows can be either visible or hidden When an auxiliary window except Control Panel is shown it can be either docked or floating Double click the grip or caption of an auxiliary window to toggle between the two states When an auxiliary window is docked it can be docked to any of the four sides of the main window Drag its grip or caption to adjust the position of an auxiliary window or to dock it to a particular side of the main window The grip of an auxiliary window is the dot matrix at the left or top of the caption bar of the window in docked state All the auxiliary windows can be resized in the same way as an ordinary window Control Panel Control Panel is where camera co
22. resized in the same way as a rectangle object The properties of an ellipse are identical to those of a round rectangle i e only solid line style is applicable Polygon Use the Polygon command to add polygon objects There are two ways to create a polygon object by clicks and by freehand drawing By Clicks 113 info micrometrics net A polygon is specified by its vertices Click to add a new vertex Double click to add the last vertex By Freehand Drawing Press down the left mouse button to start drawing Move the mouse while keeping left button pressed to draw a polygon Double click to finish drawing If a polygon has been created by clicks each vertex is a resizing handle If a polygon has been created by freehand drawing each point on the drawing is a resizing handle See below for an illustration The polygon on the left 1s created by clicks the one on the right is created by freehand drawing A polygon has an identical set of properties to that of an ellipse Arrow Use the Arrow command to add arrow objects An arrow is made up of an arrow head an arrow trailer and a line connecting the arrow head and trailer The arrow head and arrow trailer are shapes consisting of enclosing lines and interiors The lines enclosing arrow head and arrow trailer and the line connecting the arrow head and arrow trailer have full line properties associated with them The interiors of arrow head and arrow trailer have full
23. setting as those of the first image in the Field Group 60 info micrometrics net The Adjust Menu Image Gamma Use the Image Gamma command to adjust the Gamma of the active image or the camera Image Gamma P Cancel Use the slider to specify a factor to be multiplied to the original Gamma of the active image The minimal allowable multiplier The maximal allowable multiplier Push to dismiss the dialog and finalize the modification to the Gamma of the active image e Push to dismiss the dialog and discard any Cancel es oa modification to the active image If the active image is an empty image and the active image window is streaming video the Image Gamma command actually sets the Gamma value of the camera 142 Show the current factor being multiplied to the original Gamma of the active image A value can also be entered directly Image Gamma of Pa Cancel Use the slider to set the Gamma of the camera 6l info micrometrics net 0 01 The minimal Gamma value applicable to the present camera Show the current Gamma setting of the camera A value can also be entered directly present camera vo Gamma setting for the camera to the camera settings during the dialog Image Temperature Use the Image Temperature command to set a new color temperature to be used in white balance This command brings up a color palette as shown below Image Temperature Automatic Click
24. shows the index of the image in Field Group that has just been registered and fused The second column shows the horizontal displacement detected and the third column shows the vertical displacement detected The fourth column shows the time in milliseconds used for the registration and fusion When 0 is specified as the MSD 1 e when fusing images acquired from a compound microscope no registration is performed and 0 is set as displacement When a non zero MSD is specified 1 e when fusing images acquired from a stereomicroscope and when the detected displacement is equal to MSD the specified controlling parameter might be too small and the computation should probably be terminated and re started with a greater MSD The progress of the computation is shown at the bottom of the dialog box 56 info micrometrics net 329 completed 25s to go A new image window will be created to hold the output image The output image has the same metrical and magnification settings as those of the first image in the Field Group The example below illustrates the process The two images on the left are the first and the last of a stack of 29 images gathered over the same field of view and the image on the right is the fusion of the image stack 57 info micrometrics net Vector Arithmetic gt Combine Use the Vector gt Combine command to compose a color image from the last three images in the Field Group The last three images are ass
25. 006 04 23 16 13 35 John Non metal inclusion in 2 Tissue 2006 04 72 18 01 25 Jack The haze illustrates spherical aberration It cannot be 3 Bone 2006 04 77 16 35 42 Jack Radiograph processed as pho x m gt The database provides full control over the built in database Some commands may only be available from this auxiliary window For example click a column header to sort the list This command is not accessible from menu 13 info micrometrics net Measurement Measurement Command Parameter Caliper Distance 105 46 Area Perimeter Area 0o23 S0 Area Perimeter Perimeter 339 68 Area Perimeter Area lee 00 Area Perimeter Perimeter 511 42 This auxiliary window is used to hold measurement result A row or an entry is also referred to as an entry As illustrated above an entry consists of three cells namely the command that generates the entry the parameter that is being measured and the measurement result A measurement command may generate more than one entry because two types of parameters may be measured with a single command Entries may be selected and dragged to an external program for further processing Histogram pinnin maama WY Py 14 info micrometrics net A histogram is a graphic representation of the number of pixels at each brightness level in an image Micrometrics SE Premium plots histograms for all three channels of the active image based on RGB color model In the black square b
26. Group 1 Click the thumbnail 2 Hover over the thumbnail for 2 or more seconds Clear All Use the Clear All command to empty the Field Group Equivalent Command Right click the thumbnail to bring up Field Group Context Menu and choose Clear All Selecting an image in Field Group 1 Click the thumbnail 2 Hover over the thumbnail for 2 or more seconds Show Previous Use the Show Previous command to display the currently selected image of Field Group in the active image window and then select the preceding image in Field Group For this command to work the selected image in the Field Group must have the same numbers of columns and rows of pixels and number of color channels as the active image otherwise the 51 info micrometrics net command fails quietly but the internal index will be decremented so next time the command is executed it can find the right image to display The Show Previous command replaces the image in the active image window by the selected image in the Field Group Note that only pictorial data are replaced and the other layers such as graphical overly are kept intact This facilitates the comparing of multiple images Show Next Use the Show Next command to display the currently selected image of Field Group in the active image window and then select the following image in Field Group For this command to work the selected image in the Field Group must have the same numbers of columns and row
27. Miucrometrics SE Premium Version 2 7 User s Manual Section 1 Preliminaries It is assumed that the users of Micrometrics SE Premium and the readers of this document have a working knowledge of microscope digital camera and Microsoft Windows Micrometrics SE Premium may be used for both compound and stereo microscopes It also contains a few functions specifically designed for fluorescent imaging Micrometrics SE Premium conforms to the Microsoft Windows User Interface Guideline and so is similar to other programs in opening files and mouse operations This section lays a background for image analysis with Micrometrics SE Premium info micrometrics net Image Color Models Digital images record colors by numbers Color models are particular means to represent color by numbers Micrometrics SE Premium uses a number of color models for image acquisition display processing and printing In most cases the underlying color model is transparent to users Where they are explicit an understanding of RGB and HSI models suffices for the purpose of working with Micrometrics SE Premium RGB A large portion of the visible spectrum can be represented by mixing three basic components of colored light in various proportions and intensities These components are known as primary colors red green and blue RGB Computer screens use RGB model to display graphics and images Most 8 bit image processing programs i
28. Premium A Flease select a record When a record is successfully loaded a new image window will be created to hold the image data from that record If the image has been measured before measurement information will also be loaded into the auxiliary window Measurement Delete Push 3 to delete the selected records in the database Note for this command to work at least one record has to be selected Otherwise the following warning message will appear Micrometrics SE Premium A Please select 4 record A deleted record cannot be restored 147 info micrometrics net Refresh Push Pe to reset the record list to its default state Upon startup the auxiliary window Database shows the most recently added records up to 100 entries After a query has been made on the database the auxiliary window Database shows the resulted record list Choose Refresh to list the records in the order of their creation Query zy Push to search for particular records in the database Before the search criteria of search have to be established Query by Date Click Search in and select Date The toolbar of the auxiliary window Database shows the two date control af 1j2007 2 1 20072 _ 2 aeoo E where the time interval during which the search will be done may be specified Use the spin buttons A to adjust starting and ending date Push M4 to start searching The search result will be given in the record list
29. a color box to select a temperature or click Automatic to signify no temperature should be incorporated in white balance The easiest way to determine the needed temperature is to pick the color box which has the same color as a white object illuminated by a specific light source Area Based White Balance Use the Area Based White Balance command to correct color aberration of the active image or the camera Correction of color reproduction is based on the values of a small rectangular neighborhood of pixels These pixels should be colorless but instead are showing a tint Micrometrics SE Premium will 62 info micrometrics net calculate the relative strength of each color component and adjust the color gains accordingly Click a pixel within the active image to indicate to Micrometrics SE Premium the centre of the neighborhood on which color correction will be based If the active image window is displaying live images from the camera this command performs area based white balance for the camera Equivalent Commands From Camera Control Sub Pane Preset Add e VideoOn video Of alt it Suto Exposure White Balance Fae Area AE Ps Area WE Bias 0 gt 96 gt Capture 7 Light Source Frequency CO 50Hz 60H2 DC Continuous Auto Exposure Pl Area WE Push to perform white balance based on a small rectangle within the visible portion of the live image The operation is completed by a click on
30. alog and discard any change of settings to the present camera More Use the More commands to increment by a predefined amount the intensity saturation or hue of the active image or the camera When the active image is an empty image and is being used to display video streams the commands increment the gain saturation and hue settings of the presently connected camera instead of the intensity saturation and hue of a still image The amount of change for each color channel may be specified by the Increments command Less Use the Less commands to decrement by a predefined amount the intensity saturation or hue of the active image or the camera When the active image is an empty image and is being used to display video streams the commands decrement the gain saturation 66 info micrometrics net and hue settings of the presently connected camera instead of the intensity saturation and hue of a still image The amount of change for each color channel may be specified by the Increments command Increments Use the Increments command to set the amount of change made by More and Less commands Increments Intensity 16 v Saturation 16 Cancel Hue 16 Still Image Intensity The intensity The range of of a pixel is in applicable gain the range values is specific to 0 255 each model of Values out of camera The the range will increment of gain is be truncated proportional to that of the i
31. ands to place a corner of the image at the centre of the image window Fit to Window Use the Fit to Window command to toggle between browsing and focusing mode of image display In browsing mode the full field of view is visible albeit possibly in a reduced resolution In focusing mode maximal details are shown although the field of view may be partially visible Browsing mode is best for finding the right field of view to capture Focusing mode is best for finding the right focus position Zoom Preview Use the Zoom Preview command to toggle the visibility of the zoom preview window 39 info micrometrics net Zoom Preview 300 2 The zoom preview window is a floating window created automatically by Micrometrics SE Premium upon startup It magnifies a small region of an image The magnification rate 1s adjustable with the slider at the bottom of the zoom preview window The zoom preview window works on both still image and live image The region to magnify is set by current mouse position Screen Gamma Use the Screen Gamma command to adjust the Gamma of the computer screen 40 info micrometrics net Screen Gamma Ww Cancel corresponding to the physical value 0 01 corresponding to the physical value 4 lt Gamma settin g Push to dismiss the dialog and discard any modification to screen Gamma made during the dialog Equivalent Commands 100 400 OK ow The current screen Gamma
32. are averaged the energy of the noise will be 1 n of its original level Frame averaging 1S performed only when capturing full field of view Subsamplirg Sub Sample the output image of the Averaging 9 Q2 O3 Q4 process If is selected no sub sampling will be done If 2 is selected the number of columns and number of rows of the image will be reduced by a factor of two by merging every two consecutive columns and rows 3 and 4 are similarly defined Decimation reduces the noise level much like averaging The way Micrometrics SE Premium performs decimation also helps to avoid aliasing Decimation is performed only when capturing full field of view To Select a destination of the O Fie Field Group Both acquired images If F ile 1S selected the image will be stored to disk under that file path specified below If 138 info micrometrics net C Documents and Settings Capture full feld of wiew _ Preview captured image Verify file name on capture info micrometrics net Field Group is selected the image will be appended to Field Group if there is still room If Both is selected the image will be stored as a file on disk and also appended to Field Group Show the file name to be used when the captured image is to store on disk A new file name may be entered directly Push to bring out a File Save As dialog to specify the file name to be used when the captured image is to store on
33. asurement and printing and cannot be modified after the image has been created Micrometrics 68 info micrometrics net SE Premium also maintains a system micrometer When an image is being captured the system micrometer is duplicated and set as the micrometer of that image The process that sets up the system micrometer is referred to as calibration In the simplest sense calibration can be done for a single objective and use the Magnification command to adapt to different objectives or magnifications A successful calibration will correctly set up the sampling intervals and magnification for use with that objective When a new objective and or some other intermediate lenses are in place the Magnification command records the updated magnification and scales the sampling intervals accordingly System Micrometer Sampling Interval microns wv DK Linear Unit micron s Cancel Square Unit Magnification Sampling Interval 1 The present sampling interval in microns kept in system micrometer Linear Unit ura square Unit um The present linear measurement unit and its The present square conversion formula to micron measurement unit The present magnification kept in system micrometer The new magnification should be entered here Push to dismiss the 69 Magnification info micrometrics net dialog The newly entered magnification will be accepted and the sampling intervals will be scaled accord
34. bs Equivalent Commands Image Window Tab Context Menu Use Hide Tabs to remove image window tabs currently shown in the main window Image Window Size Use the Image Window Size command to set the active image window to a specific dimension 32 info micrometrics net This command brings up the following dialog Window Size Width m Pixels 640 Height in Pixels Taeq If the OK button is pressed the client area of the active image window will be changed to the given size Overlay Use the Overlay command to toggle the visibility of measurement and micrometer overlays A successful measurement operation creates graphics overlay on the image This overlay is on a separate layer from pixels The overlay layer can be either shown or hidden Choose Overlay to remove the overlay view currently superimposed on the picture Choose Overlay again to restore This command affects the visibility of the overlay layer only and does not delete the overlay Overlay Color Use the Overlay Colors command to set a new color for the overlay layer The overlay layer can be shown in different colors after it have been created To select a new color choose Overlay Colors and pick up a desirable one This command is special in that a dialog appears in place of a popup menu item as shown below 33 info micrometrics net l ro Ler a AVEP Pay r Overlay Color O mme Overlay Size EERE REE ee E Cent
35. ck or drag to adjust hue and saturation of the currently selected color Click or drag to adjust luminance intensity of the currently selected color Show the hue of the currently selected color The hue value can also be entered directly or adjusted with the spin buttons The hue is in the range 0 255 36 info micrometrics net Show the saturation of the currently selected color The saturation value can also be entered directly or adjusted with the spin buttons The saturation is in the range 0 255 Show the luminance or intensity of the currently selected color The luminance or intensity can also be entered directly or adjusted with the spin buttons The luminance or intensity is in the range 0 255 Show the red of the currently selected color The red value can also be entered directly or adjusted with the spin buttons The red is in the range 0 255 Show the green of the currently selected color The green value can also be entered directly or adjusted with the spin buttons The green is in the range 0 255 Show the blue of the currently selected color The blue value can also be entered directly or adjusted with the spin buttons The blue is in the range 0 255 Show the currently selected color Green 255 Show the currently overlay color Push to dismiss the dialog and set the selected created color a info micrometrics net as the new color for displaying overlay P
36. cs net Section 3 Other Commands This section details the commands that are not accessible from menu Specifically the Micrometrics cameras and built in database are most conveniently controlled from Control Panel and Database Window Imaging Control The camera presently connected to Micrometrics SE Premium and the whole image acquisition process can be fully controlled from within the Imaging Control Pane of Control Panel Image acquisition will be based on the current camera settings and capture options which are configured by the seven sub panes of the Imaging Control Pane described in detail below Camera settings refer to those parameters that are necessary to put the camera into a specific state Capture options refers to what Micrometrics SE Premium will do to the frames grabbed from video stream of the camera including calibration for purpose of measurement and printing In fact system micrometer has to be properly scaled before applying to the newly formed image according to the decimation factor specified in capture options The contents of camera settings capture options and calibration information are listed below Camera Exposure Settings Gain Gamma Hu ec White Balance Flip Light Source Temperature Contrast 125 info micrometrics net Capture Frame Options Averaging Decimation Destination Where to store the acquired images It can be Field Group disk files or both A new
37. ction 2 Menu Commands Most commands are accessible from menu Some of the more frequently invoked commands also have toolbar buttons and or shortcut key combinations associated with them Those commands that are not accessible from menu are described in Section 3 Other Commands Relating a toolbar button to a menu item The toolbar button is also drawn to the left of the corresponding menu item in addition to appearing separately on a toolbar Relating a shortcut key combination to a menu item A short textual description of the shortcut key combination is shown to the right of the corresponding menu item Micrometrics SE Premium has 7 major menus Document Menu Main Frame Menu OLE Container Menu OLE Server Menu Field Group Context Menu Image Window Tab Context Menu Toolbar and Auxiliary Window Context Menu Se er ee Most work will be carried out by commands in Document Menu which is the default menu when Micrometrics SE Premium starts up Main Frame Menu will replace Document Menu whenever there is no image window in the main window The commands contained in this menu are mainly useful in creating a new image window by New for Video Preview or Open or to exit from Micrometrics SE Premium by Exit Main Frame Menu will not appear when there is an image window in the main window OLE Container Menu will be called up only in the image annotation process when an external object is inserted and the server
38. d set automatically based on the visible portion of live image The other sub panes 130 info micrometrics net will be updated to synchronize with the new exposure time Fa Area AE Push to perform auto exposure based on a small rectangle within the visible portion of the live image The operation is completed by a click on the live image which specified the center of the rectangle on which the auto exposure will be based The width and height of the rectangle is the smallest region of interest that is supported by the camera Specify a bias for auto exposure If the previous auto exposure Operation produced too bright images specify a smaller value If the previous auto exposure Operation produced too dark images specify a greater value Valid bias is any integer in the range 30 30 F Continuous Auto Exposure Check to allow Micrometrics SE Premium manage the exposure time of the camera Light Source Frequency Specify the frequency of the light source to avoid flickers 50Hz BOHz DCL Preview and Capture Video Om Push to turn on video preview Micrometrics SE Premium uses an empty image window to display live images At any time at most one of those empty image windows may be streaming video If there are multiple empty image windows and none is being used for streaming video this command randomly picks up one for video preview If a window is already streaming video this command
39. dges in the active image The example below illustrates the process 85 info micrometrics net Equalization Use the Equalization command to manipulate the histogram of the active image to make it as flat as possible The following two images together with their histograms illustrate the process info micrometrics net 86 Histogram Amplitude Depletion Use the Amplitude Depletion command to extract the texture of the active image 87 info micrometrics net The example below illustrates the process Darkfield Simulation Use the Darkfield Simulation command to generate a darkfield representation of a brightfield image The example below illustrates the process 88 info micrometrics net Photometric Transform Use the Photometric Transform commands to generate a grayscale or inverted representation of the active image The Monochrome command removes color information from the active image and leaves only intensity information as shown below 89 info micrometrics net The Negative command reverses the lookup table of the active image to produce an image that is complementary in color with the original image as shown below 90 info micrometrics net z fn v P 7 LE i oo A To ACYN E P cI 3 rs i v MOR d 4 a E ee NA D AB Spherical Aberration Correction Use the Spherical Aberration Correction to reduce the haze over the active image due to spherical aberration
40. easurement will also have a new entry added The following example illustrates the process 99 info micrometrics net Polyline Use the Polyline command to measure the lengths of connected line segments Click to specify endpoints of the connected line segment Right button double click to signify that all endpoints have been added and the Polyline command has been completed The total and average length of the line segments will be calculated The line segments will appear on the overlay layer of the active image A short description of the total and average length of the line segments will appear in a text box annotation object Two entries will be appended to the auxiliary window Measurement One entry is the total length of the line segments The other entry is the average length of the line segments The example below illustrates the process 100 info micrometrics net Circle from 3 Points Use the Circle from 3 Points command to measure the radius of a circle Click to specify three points If these points are not collinear a circle can be unique determined which passes through the three points The circle will appear on the overlay layer of the image A short text describing the quantity of its radius will appear in a text box annotation object A new entry will be made to the auxiliary window Measurement recording the value of the radius Repeat the above procedure to measure more circles The example below i
41. een the two controlling points and drag to adjust the two controlling points simultaneously 151 info micrometrics net Apply LIT Toggle on or off LUT on the camera Reset B LUT Set LUT to its default state Define Fa Display the following dialog box where the coordinates of the controlling points may be entered directly LUT for Camera a osli s2 0 622 01 expo y y1 0 425 0 1 ye 0 905 0 1 Cancel 152 info micrometrics net
42. elected Click to select an object in the annotating mode Shift Click to select an additional object To select all the annotation objects press Ctrl A To deselect all the annotation objects double click anywhere that is not occupied by an annotation object Selected objects can be moved together To move selected objects drag any one of them Selected objects can also be cloned To clone selected objects click any one of them while pressing down the Ctrl key When a selected object is the only selected object it may be resized To resize an annotation object drag its resizing handles An annotation object can have as many as nine resizing handles located on the bounding rectangle of the annotation object Resizing handles 106 info micrometrics net usually reside at the four corners or the center of line segments To detect a resizing handle hover the mouse over the bounding rectangle and wait for the change of cursor If a resizing cursor appears it means the mouse is over a resizing handle Note the bounding rectangle will not appear until the object is selected Each annotation object has a set of properties associated with it The properties may be edited through popup dialogs To change the properties of an annotation object double click that object Enable Use the Enable command to toggle annotating mode In the annotating mode of Micrometrics SE Premium all mouse actions over the active image except those
43. et z Red and Green a Red and Blue Green and Blue a Red and Green and Blue The histogram can be shown for both still and live images For a still image its histogram is updated whenever the image itself is being modified in any way including the way it is being displayed For a live image its histogram is updated in every three seconds In both cases the histogram is only for the part of the active image that is visible on computer screen Superimposed on the histogram is a look up table LUT which may be applied to incoming images from the camera The LUT is specified by two controlling points namely the left point x1 y1 and the right point x2 y2 The two controlling points together with two end points 0 0 and 1 1 defines three connected line segments that map the dynamic range of the camera to 8 bits LUT may be turned on or off reset or specified by directly entering coordinates of controlling points using the toolbar button at the top of the histogram window LUT is most useful to imaging with X90 cameras to exploit the large dynamic range of these cameras The latitude or dynamic range of an X90 camera is 16 times that of an X18 or X16 camera which 1s the standard 8 bit camera Regardless the dynamic range of the camera the computer screen can at best display 8 bit image However if we map only the lowest 1 16 portion of an X90 camera s dynamic range we will see very dark features and will not lose an
44. fill properties associated with them 114 info micrometrics net An arrow is created moved and resized in the same way as a line The properties of an arrow include besides line and fill properties the shape and size of arrow head and arrow trailer as shown below Properties Graphics Line Coo gt soe oy Size 3 A _ Round Fen Fill Color TO ATOW Trailer Style Ea Head Style al Click to pick up a new style of the arrow head 115 info micrometrics net gt gt gt gt 0 The style of the arrow trailer is set in a similar way The shapes of arrow trailer are mirrors of those of arrow head Use the spin button to adjust the size of arrow head or arrow trailer The size is defined as diameter of the bounding circle of the shape measured in pixels Text Use the Text command to add text box objects Click to add a text box object Unlike other annotation commands the property dialog appear immediately upon the creation of a text box object as illustrated below 116 info micrometrics net Pro perties Text Graphics see here for comments Border Alignment Let Push to open the standard Windows Font Dialog where a font including its style size and effects may be specified for the text in the annotation object Enter the text See here for comments for the 117 info micrometrics net ae object i Show how the rectangle
45. for annotation are disabled Line Use the Line command to add line objects Each line object is defined by two endpoints Press left mouse button to specify one of the endpoints Move the mouse to the other endpoint while keeping the left mouse button pressed to draw the line Release the left mouse button to complete the line drawing The above procedure may be repeated to create more lines A line object has two resizing handles located at the two endpoints 107 info micrometrics net Pro perties Graphics Line Color me Style Size 2 nS Round Pen Fill Color Transparent ATOW Trailer Style Size Head Style size 0 z z Show the color to draw the line Click to pick up a new color from the popup palette as illustrated below 108 info micrometrics net Automatic BREREEEE R SERB EEEE n poog g pmi f g oon g mg H E More Colors Push Automatic to specify the light gray color Push More Colors to bring up the Windows Color Picker Dialog for more and customized colors Show the width of line A new value may be entered directly Or use the spin buttons to adjust the setting Show the style of the line Click to pick up a new style from the popup style selector as illustrated below E EE EE a 646452 4 GE Ee eS ee SE CE EE t t ee FE ee Ft H EE St EE M 77 77 7 F 7 7 7 If checked the endpoints of the ere line will be drawn as solid
46. gistration of the two adjacent images and the second stage is the fusion of two images The registration 1s the process to correct the image displacement It is used only when imaging with stereomicroscopes The fusion is the heart of multi focus composition and is common to all types of microscopy The Multi Focus Composition command brings up the following dialog box For images acquired from compound microscopes with vertical objectives simple press Start button To fuse images acquired from stereomicroscopes a single parameter Maximum Step Displacement MSD needs to be set before pressing Start button This parameter should be set as an upper bound of the translation in pixels between any two adjacent images Note it is not absolutely necessary to specify a precise value for the MSD as it is used only as a hint to the computation process for efficiency purpose 55 info micrometrics net x Multi Focus Composition Maxinium Step Displacement Index x After the Start button is pressed the computation starts The intermediate results are given in both the dialog box and the active image as shown below First of all the Start button changes to the Abort button If it is pressed the computation will be terminated with whatever the intermediate image left as the active image The table in the middle of the dialog box shows the displacements detected from the input images The first column
47. his line also stands for the half of the dynamic range 1 e 128 Another line being drawn below stands for 0 The curve drawn over the image stands for the intensities of the pixels Move the mouse while keeping the left button of the mouse pressed to preview other rows of pixels Release the left button of the mouse to finalize the profiling Repeat the above procedure for more profiles The Light Density command generates graphical output only The examples below illustrate the process 97 info micrometrics net Counting Use the Counting command to simulate a tally machine Click to count A temporary mark appears with each click Right button double click to finish counting The visited locations will be marked with serial numbers These graphics appear on the overlay layer of the image The Counting command also generates an entry in the auxiliary window Measurement The example below illustrates the process 98 info micrometrics net Angle Use the Angle command to measure angles Click to specify three controlling points The angle made by the line passing through the 1 and the 2 point and the line passing the 2 and 3 point will be measured The Angle command if successfully executed generates three types of output The angle will be shown as graphics on the overlay layer A short description of the angle will appear in a text box annotation object over the image The auxiliary window M
48. image window may also be created to hold a newly acquired image File Name The path of the file that may be used to store a newly acquired image Capture Full Micrometrics SE Premium may Field of View be directed to exploit the full pixel array of the camera for the image acquisition or just to grab a frame from current video stream which may be sub sampled or only part of the field of view Preview A new image window may be Captured Image created to hold a copy of the just acquired image Verify File Show a File Save As dialog box Name on for each acquired image that is to Capture be stored to a file This option may be used to prevent overwriting an existing file or to convert the image to another format Auto Increment Micrometrics SE Premium may File Name be directed to name the files automatically to store the acquired images It does so by appending a serial number to the initially specified file name Calibration Sampling Information interval in Micrometer horizontal direction Sampling interval in 126 info micrometrics net vertical direction Magnification 127 info micrometrics net Capture Control a 400 Fluorescent wt Preset Add VideoOn 0 Video Of Suto Exposure White Balance Fae Area AE F Area wE Bias amp Capture Light Source Frequency 50Hz 60Hz2 DC _ Continuous Auto Exposure Presets A preset consists of a complete set
49. ingly Push to dismiss the Cancel dialog and discard any change to system micrometer Equivalent Commands 1 From Settings File Upon startup Micrometrics SE Premium automatically loads and applies the system micrometer used last time When Micrometrics SE Premium exits it automatically updates the settings file 2 From Capture Control Sub Pane 70 info micrometrics net a 400 Fluorescent vo Prese e VideoOn Cm Video Off tt sar Suto Exposure White Balance Fa Area AE ZL Area WE Bias 0 Capture Light Source Frequency 2 50H2 60Hz DC _ Continuous Auto Exposure 400 Fluorescent vw Camera presets include micrometer setting If a preset for example 400 X Fluorescent 1s selected the system micrometer will be replace by the one stored in the preset and all subsequently acquired images will be calibrated according to the system micrometer stored in that preset This helps to avoid measurement errors induced by system error of the magnification power of the objectives Micrometer gt Calibration Use the Micrometer gt Calibration command to set up system micrometer The system micrometer consists of the sampling intervals in horizontal and vertical directions and the magnification intended for printing this image In the calibration process only one of the two sampling intervals will be calculated as modern cameras all have 71 info micrometrics net square p
50. involved it is multiplicative instead of additive as in the processing of a still image Grayscale and Indexed Color When a digital image is not concerned with any chromatic meaning Grayscale model is used to represent colors In this case a single integer in the range 0 255 is used to describe the energy content of a color corresponding to the intensity channel of HSI model The other color model that uses a single number to describe the color is the Indexed Color which is based on a palette of 256 colors Micrometrics SE Premium does not attempt to interpret the color in an image of indexed color Whenever it reads a file of indexed color image it converts the image to grayscale by simply mapping the indices to the intensities of a grayscale image Color Components and Channels In RGB model each of the red blue or green values is referred to as a component or channel of the color Color component and color channel are used interchangeably in this document The same is true for HSI model and Grayscale model A color described by the HSI model has three components or channels namely the hue channel the saturation channel and the intensity or luminance channel A color described by Grayscale model has only one channel namely the intensity channel The triple used by RGB and HSI models and the single number used by Grayscale model are called color value Color Model Conversions info micrometrics net RGB and HSI are e
51. it to micron Specify the name of the new square measurement unit which must be based on the new linear measurement unit rmicror s Square Measurement L rit umi IMPORTANT Calibration should be done on an image captured at full field of view with no decimation Micrometer gt Burn into Image Use the Burn into Image command to place a graphical representation of micrometer on the active image 73 info micrometrics net The graphical representation of the active image s micrometer will be placed on the overlay layer of the active image Micrometer gt Burn into Image Options Use the Burn into Image Options command to customize the graphical representation of the micrometer Options for Burning Micrometer into Image Length 100 v Text TOU micron Cancel Margin Aight b4 Pinels Margin Bottom b4 Pixels The length in the system s current measurement unit of the scale bar to be drawn on the overlay layer of the active image The text to appear The distance in R Margin Fight between the right side of the scale bar and the right side of the active image The distance in pixels between the bottom of the scale bar and the bottom of the active image Push to dismiss the dialog and put the new 74 Margin Bottom info micrometrics net micrometer in effect Push to dismiss the dialog and discard any change to options for burning micrometer A Cancel 75 info
52. ixels Micrometrics SE Premium derives the sampling interval from the length of a straight line segment on the image of a calibration slide An image of calibration slide may be captured with Micrometrics SE Premium as illustrated below Click on the two endpoints to specify a line segment on the image of the calibration slide mete ogg Micrometer Calibration Length 100 OK Magnification 100 Cancel Linear Measurement Unit um al micron s Square Measurement U rit T In the Micrometer Calibration dialog specify the length of the line in microns and the intended magnification In addition it is also possible to use a measurement unit other than micron Micrometer Calibration Length vo OK Magnification 2 Cancel Linear Measurement Lirit microni Square Measurement Unit 72 info micrometrics net Enter the length of the line in microns not counting magnification factor Magnification Enter the nominal magnification The magnification is used in printing only where the image appears magnified on paper All measurements are done in microns and have nothing to do with magnifying factor Ya ak Push to close the dialog and commit the new settings of system micrometer Push to close the dialog and Cancel discard any change to system micrometer Linear Measurement Unit Specify the name of the new linear measurement unit Specify the conversion formula from the new un
53. ject to the conditions that these files reside in the same folder and are in the same format The acceptable file formats are listed below Windows Bitmap bmp OZ o O JPEG spp Dr Halo cut Ibm JPEG Network Graphics jng O O Format F aana ea Graphics binary format only S binary format Graphics binary format Adobe Photoshop psd o Sun Rasterfile ras PO Targa tga Wireless Bitmap wbmp XII Bitmap xbm S X11 Pixmap xpm o Export Use the Export command to save images in Field Group to disk 48 info micrometrics net The images in the Field Group will be saved in turn For each image a File Save As dialog is open with a default file name It is possible to change file name format and location on disk separately for each image The acceptable file formats are listed below Windows Bitmap bmp S Independent JPEG Group _ jpg Least compression applied Portable Bitmap ___ pbm Save in binary format only Portable Graymap pgm_ 1 Portable Network Graphics png Targa tga Save in binary format only Save in binary format only bmp Jpg ti pbm pgm png k tga Append Use the Append command to add the active image to the end of Field Group The Field Group is limited in both pre allocated memory and number of thumbnails When there is no room for another image the Append command fails quietly The Field Group retains all informa
54. lier of the intensity channel of a still image e Indicate the saturation of the camera is being adjusted The saturation value 0 5 for the camera does not modify the images coming from the camera UE 1 H Indicate the hue of the camera is being adjusted Note the hue of a camera is cyclic with a period of 360 That is adding 180 is equivalent to subtracting 180 The hue value 180 for the camera is equivalent to the hue value of 128 for a still image If the slider and the edit box are disabled the camera does not support adjustment of hue t Use the slider to adjust the gain saturation or hue of the camera aa The minimal gain applicable to the present camera Show the current gain of the camera A value may 3 046 also be entered directly The maximal gain applicable to the camera 65 info micrometrics net The minimal saturation applicable to the camera When the saturation of a color camera is set to O it delivers monochrome images Show the current saturation of the camera A value may also be entered directly The default value 0 5 does not modify the saturation of the camera The maximal saturation applicable to the camera we J 380 The minimal hue applicable to the camera Show the current hue of the camera A value may also be entered directly 180 The maximal hue applicable to the camera OK Push to dismiss the dialog and commit the changes of settings to the present camera Se Page Push to dismiss the di
55. llustrates the process 101 info micrometrics net Area Perimeter Use the Area Perimeter command to measure the area and perimeter of a closed shape The closed shape is created by freehand drawing i e moving the mouse while pressing down left mouse button Release the left mouse button to signify the end of drawing The starting point 1 e where left button is pressed and the ending point 1 e where the left button is released will be connected automatically by a straight line to close the shape The drawing will be put on the overlay layer of the image A short text describing the measured area and perimeter will appear in a text box annotation object Two entries will be appended to the auxiliary window Measurement One entry is the area the other is perimeter The example below illustrates the process 102 info micrometrics net Caliper Use the Caliper command to measure the distance between two points or two parallel lines Click to specify two points After the first click a rubber band with two perpendicular legs is being drawn to connect the first point and the current mouse position Use the legs to align with parallel lines The second click ends the measurement The caliper will be placed on the overlay layer of the image A short description showing the distance will appear in a text box annotation object A new entry will be appended to the auxiliary window Measurement to hold the value of the distance
56. m e CFP Under this mode the active image would be printed if it is not empty The image is automatically scaled to fill the width or height of the paper depending on aspect ratios of the image and paper The aspect ratio of the image is kept constant If the image could not occupy the whole printable area of the paper it will be placed to the top side as far as possible but centered horizontally in the paper Zoom for AAA and CAP This section specifies a zoom ratio of the images for use with printing under AAA and CAP modes Displacement for CAP This section specifies offsets of the image for use with printing under CAP mode The origins of the image and paper are their top left corners Horizontal displacement is defined as the distance between the leftmost column of the image and the left side of the paper s 23 info micrometrics net rectangular printable area Vertical displacement is defined as the distance between topmost row of the image and the top of the paper s rectangular printable area The distance is measured in millimeters or inches as selectable in the drop down list The Print Image Layout command is used to configure the printing but it does not initiate a printing process Print Preview Use the Print Preview command to simulate image printing on computer screen In this mode Micrometrics SE Premium menu toolbars auxiliary windows except the Control Panel are hidden as illustrated below
57. mand to clear overlay layer and measurement result of the active image Abort Use the Abort command to terminate the present measuring operation Equivalent command Right button double click on the active image being measured Grid Use the Grid commands to draw a lattice on the active image The Grid gt Line draws a rectangular lattice on the overlay layer of the active image The Grid gt Circle draws co centric circles on the overlay layer of the active image Grid Options Use the Grid Options command to specify how grids are to be drawn 95 info micrometrics net Options for Grid Rectangular o OK Spacing A Cancel Cocentic Radius A adius Increment Ed The distance between Spacing neighboring parallel lines of the rectangular grid The radius of the innermost Radius circle of the co centric circular grid The difference of radius of neighboring circles of the co centric circular grid Push to close the dialog and keep the settings Push to close the dialog and Cancel discard any change to grid options Radus Increment Light Density Use the Light Density command to profile the intensity distribution of a row of pixels Push down the left button of the mouse to start profiling A horizontal line will be drawn passing through the position of mouse cursor The intensity distribution of those pixels of the active image on this line 96 info micrometrics net will be profiled T
58. n setting from the first input image from Field Group Due to the overlapping of the input images the number of rows of the output image would be less than those of input images summed Due to possible horizontal shift of the input image the number of columns of the output image might also be less than that of an input image The cropping is automatic and transparent to users The example below illustrates the process The three images on the left are stitched to create the image on the right 54 info micrometrics net Multi Focus Composition Use the Multi Focus Composition command to create a best focused image from partially focused images in Field Group The partially focused images at least two must have been cached in Field Group All images in Field Group will contribute to the focus of the output image These input images must be identical in the numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the number of color channels For the multi focus composition to work the active image must also have the same number of columns and rows of pixels and the same number of color channels When the computation starts the active image will be replaced by the first image in the field group As the following images in field group are aligned and fused with the previous ones the active image will be replaced by the current state of the focus combination There are two concatenated stages of multi focus composition The first stage is the re
59. n the exposure time shown in the edit box This Maximum 386036 exposure time may be entered directly or let Micrometrics SE Premium calculate automatically by pushing Auto button The calculated value is simply the preview exposure time multiplied by gain Note that the gain is still effective for still imaging To take advantage of the long 140 info micrometrics net exposure capability of CCD cameras and for the best image quality gain may be set to unity and reset to the original value after the acquisition This procedure may be automated by checking Reset Gain 141 info micrometrics net Camera Control Extended The saturation hue brightness and contrast of the camera may be controlled from this sub pane Note that adjusting saturation of a camera means to modify the saturation of each pixel in each frame of the video stream from that camera by the specified amount Note also that the range of saturation of a camera must be scaled to match that of a pixel which is always 0 255 The same is true for hue Brightness and contrast are purely camera specific All these parameters of the camera are adjusted independently of the others that is each type of adjustment is separately applied to the raw video frames of the camera a Saturation 0 0 5 1 Color Gains J 1 Id a Saturation Use the slider to adjust the saturation of the camera The minimal saturation allowable for the came
60. ncluding Micrometrics SE Premium employ a triple of integers in the range 0 255 to represent a color being described by RGB model HSI Human beings understand colors by their three fundamental characteristics hue saturation and intensity HSI Hue is the wavelength or frequency of light reflected from or transmitted through an object Most often hue is identified by the name of the color such as orange or purple Saturation is the strength or purity of the color and represents the amount of gray in proportion to the hue Intensity stands for the relative lightness or darkness of the color It is the energy contained in the color As in the case of RGB model Micrometrics SE Premium uses a triple of integers of the range 0 255 to represent a color based on HSI model However a particular camera supported by Micrometrics SE Premium may implement a camera specific range of values for hue saturation or intensity and may not use integers to represent the info micrometrics net value For example some cameras allow the adjustment of saturation in the range O 1 In this situation it is understood that the real number in the range 0 1 will be scaled to 0 255 and added to the saturation component of pixels in each frame of the video from that camera Luminance is sometimes used in place of intensity in describing a color by HSI model In camera terminology gain has the greatest similarity to intensity Whenever gain is
61. nown as latitude reduction uses a Gaussian filter to separate an image into two images one is the low frequency part called background image and the other is the high frequency part called contrast image The background image representing the latitude or dynamic range of the image may be reduced by multiplying a coefficient smaller than unity Latitude reduction actually improves the contrast without enhancing noise If the image is free of noise the contrast image may also be multiplied by a coefficient greater than unity to augment contrast straightforwardly This process is referred to as high boost Finally there is a visual psychology factor to be considered Boosted contrast in dark areas of an image may be interpreted as noise To make the processed image appear natural the intensities of background image pixels could be used as weights when the contrast image is being added back to the background image to form the output image of the latitude reduction operation The process of adding contrast image to background image is called back projection 81 info micrometrics net Options for Unsharp Mask A adius Latitude Reduction High Boost Combine Mask Radius The support of the Gaussian filter to separate the active image into background and contrast The coefficient by which the background image will be multiplied 0 5 corresponds to latitude reduction by 1 bit 0 25 corresponds to latitude reduction by 2 bits An
62. ntensity of a still image C sturation 16 The saturation The saturation of a of a pixel is in camera is in the the range range 0 1 The 0 255 increment of Values out of saturation of the the range will camera is be truncated proportional to that of a still image 67 info micrometrics net Hue T The hue ofa The hue of a camera pixel is in the is in the range range 0 255 180 180 The and is cyclic increment of hue of with a period the camera is of 256 proportional to that of the hue of a still image Push to dismiss the dialog and commit the new settings W Cancel Push to dismiss the dialog and discard any changes Mirror Use the Mirror commands to flip the active image When the active image window is showing the video the command actually flips the live images Rotate Use the Rotate commands to rotate the active image When the active image window is showing the video the command actually rotates the live images Magnification Use the Magnification command to synchronize calibration with objective switching For correct measurement and printing Micrometrics SE Premium needs to know the sampling intervals and magnification of the digital image Horizontal sampling interval vertical sampling interval and magnification comprise a micrometer Each image acquired with Micrometrics SE Premium has a micrometer associated with it This micrometer is the basis of correct me
63. ntrol and image acquisition commands are issued image capture options are set and acquired images are cached Two panes Imaging Control and Field Group comprise Control Panel Imaging Control Panel is further divided into seven sub panes for specific aspects of the imaging process Sub panes are collapsible To collapse a sub pane click the arrows at its top right corner To expand a collapsed sub pane click again the arrows at this to right corner The arrows at the top left corner of a sub pane point upward in expanded state and downward in collapsed state Control Panel also maintains a history of the panes shown 11 info micrometrics net Control Panel x GQ is At Imaging Control y Field Group vl Imaging Control Preset Add Video On CI Video Off Auto Exposure White Balance Fae Area AE F Area wE Bias U amp 90 Capture Light Source Frequency 50Hz2 60Hz DC _ Continuous Auto Exposure Click to go to the previous pane Imaging Control Click to go to a pane directly Field Group Imaging Control 12 info micrometrics net Help Desk Light Density Move curser up or down over the image with lett button down to select the line for density protiling Release lett button to tix Help Desk provides context sensitive information for commands that involves extended mouse actions Database Database 8 B 3 E Search in A inclusion Caption Description Inclusion 2
64. of this 16 info micrometrics net object is activated In this situation OLE Container Menu will merge with the object s server menu OLE Server Menu will be invoked when a native image object of Micrometrics SE Premium is embedded into a document of another container program and is being edited Micrometrics SE Premium will load the embedded image into its own image window When this image is the active image OLE Server Menu will be used Field Group Context Menu may be brought up by right click anywhere within Field Group Image Window Tab Context Menu may be brought up by right click anywhere within tab area of image windows Toolbar and Auxiliary Window Context Menu may be brought up by right click any area of the main window that is not occupied by any menus toolbars auxiliary windows or image windows In the following only the Document Menu is described The other menus often duplicate part of the Document Menu to provide a level of convenience Where they are unique they are usually simple commands that explain themselves 17 info micrometrics net The File Menu File menu commands are used to open save print and capture images Some of those camera manipulation commands also reside here New for Video Preview Use the New for Video Preview command to create an empty image window to display live images from the camera The caption of the created window is intended to be the model or name of the camera
65. olumns and rows is exactly the size of the field of view over which the image has been captured Vector graphics consists of lines and curves defined by mathematical objects called vectors which describe pictures according to their geometric characteristics The lines or curves of an object can be painted with a specific color The interior of the shape enclosed by these lines and curves may also be painted with a specific color Vector graphics can have only a limited number of colors and cannot represent natural scenes They are mainly useful in annotating raster images info micrometrics net Raster images are resolution dependent that is they represent a fixed number of pixels and can appear jagged and lose detail if they are scaled on screen or if they are printed at a higher resolution than they were created for On the other hand vector graphics are resolution independent that is they are defined by analytical formulas and so can be scaled arbitrarily to appear crisp and sharp on any output device at any resolution Micrometrics SE Premium works with both raster images and vector graphics The images grabbed from cameras are raster images The annotation objects created with Micrometrics SE Premium are vector graphics In a broad sense both raster images and vector graphics are considered digital images or digital pictures Vector graphics are always converted to raster images for purpose of display a process known as digi
66. ommand to turn on or off video streaming Micrometrics SE Premium employs an empty image window to display live images Such a window is created automatically upon program startup To create a new empty image window choose File gt New for Video Preview The caption of the window indicated the 25 info micrometrics net model and serial number of the presently connected camera At any time one empty image window at most can be used to preview video Choose Toggle Preview again to shutdown the video If it is desired to preview video in a particular empty image window make that image window the active image window and choose Toggle Preview Equivalent Commands From Capture Control Sub Pane 7 H Preset Add P VideoOn video Of elt f Suto Exposure White Balance a Area AE Fa Area wB Bias 90 Capture Light Source Frequency O 50Hz 60Hz2 DC Continuous Auto Exposure Push to turn on live image preview on an empty image window If there is currently no empty image window a new one will be created gt Video On i widen ft Push to turn off live image preview Capture 26 info micrometrics net Use the Capture command to acquire an image from the camera based on the present camera settings and capture options The camera settings include exposure time global gain color gains Gamma saturation hue brightness contrast image orientations and light source temperature For
67. oose Refresh to list the records in order of their creation 46 info micrometrics net The Field Menu The Field Group of Micrometrics SE Premium is a buffer of images with a thumbnail displayed for each image Field Group can be a destination of acquired images Images in Field Group can also act as the input to a multi operand image processing operation The Field Group is a complementary means of image organization While an image in an Image Window can be more readily viewed or processed the Field Group provides the concept and infrastructure of an ordered set of images Micrometrics SE Premium has a mechanism for exchanging data between Field Group and Image Window Open Use the Open command to load images from a Field Group File fov A Field Group File fov is a file format used to hold the content of the Field Group Successfully loaded images from a Field Group file will be appended to the Field Group Note that images in Field Group File are also properly ordered as in the Field Group so the successfully loaded images will be appended to the Field Group in that order Save Use the Save command to store the content of Field Group to a Field Group File fov A Field Group File fov is a file format used to hold the content of the Field Group Import Use the Import command to load image files to Field Group 47 info micrometrics net This command is capable of opening multiple image files sub
68. ox the x axis represents the color value from darkest 0 at the far left to brightest 255 at the far right the y axis represents the frequency 1 e the total number of pixels with that value the origin of the histogram is the bottom left corner of the black box Note that histograms of red green and blue channels are shown in the same coordination system as red green and blue bars and so they may overlap The following table helps to tell the overlapping range of the histograms O eee The histogram can be shown for both still and live images For a still image its histogram is updated whenever the image itself is being modified in any way including the way it is being displayed For a live image its histogram is updated in every three seconds In both cases the histogram is only for the part of the active image that is visible on computer screen Superimposed on the histogram is a look up table LUT which may be applied to incoming images from the camera The LUT is specified by two controlling points namely the left point x1 y1 and the right point x2 y2 The two controlling points together with two end points 0 0 and 1 1 defines three connected line segments that map the dynamic range of the camera to 8 bits LUT may be turned on or off reset or specified by directly entering coordinates of controlling points using the toolbar button at the top of the histogram window 15 info micrometrics net Se
69. presently attached to the computer If no camera is connected or none of the connected cameras is working properly the caption of the created window is Video For those cameras supporting the notion of serial number a dash followed by the serial number may be appended to the window caption Open Use the Open command to load existing image files Multiple images of various formats in a folder can be simultaneously opened Besides the native image format sif numerous commonly used image formats are supported Files of unsupported formats will be filtered out and will not be visible in the dialog box Equivalent Commands e Drag one or more selected files in Windows Explorer and drop them in the main window of Micrometrics SE Premium e Double click a file of native image format sif in Windows Explorer The recognizable image file formats are listed below 18 info micrometrics net Extension information OS 2 bitmaps Group when decompressing Format formats formats ial a Graphics Portable Pixel Map PPM o Targa File TGA Reading the first page only Amiga IFF IFFLBM fo JPEG Network Graphics NG Commodore 64 KOA Koala Format J Multiple Network Kodak Photo CD Extracting only maximum resolution PCD PCX Bitmap Format PCX Adobe Photoshop EG p Q p lt TT SUN Raster File Wireless Bitmap WBMP X11 Bitmap Format XBM o X11 Pixmap Format XPM magnification info
70. processing or measurement of the active image Must be a single line of text Description Specify a single line of text asa rs note remark or comment The material to be used in Micromet Push to add the new record to database A Push to exit the dialog and do not modify the database 44 info micrometrics net Load Use the Load command to open the selected record in the database Note that a record in the database must have been selected for this command to work Otherwise a warning message will appear as the following Micrometrics SE Premium A Please select 4 record When a record is successfully loaded a new image window will be created to hold the image data from that record If the image has been measured before measurement information will also be loaded into the auxiliary window Measurement Delete Use the Delete command to delete the selected records in the database For this command to work at lease one record has to be selected Otherwise the following warning message appears Micrometrics SE Premium A Please select 4 record A deleted recorded cannot be restored 45 info micrometrics net Refresh Use the Refresh command to reset the record list to its default state Upon startup the auxiliary window Database shows the most recently added records up to 100 entries After a query has been made on the database the auxiliary window Database shows the query result Ch
71. quivalent means to describe colors The main reason to use multiple color models is to facilitate the understanding of image processing of Micrometrics SE Premium The internal conversion between the two models is handled implicitly and needs no user input RGB and HSI may also be used to represent a monochrome image as Grayscale model does In this situation the three channels of RGB are set equal and the hue and saturation channels of HSI are set to Zero Raster Images and Vector Graphics The components that make up the scene on a computer screen fall into two main categories raster images and vector graphics Raster images use a grid of small squares known as pixels to represent pictures Each pixel in a raster image has a specific location and color value assigned to it When working with raster images groups of pixels rather than objects or shapes are being edited Because they can represent subtle gradations of shades and color raster images are the most common electronic medium for continuous tone pictures such as photomicrographs The terms raster image and pixel array are used interchangeably in this document In fact a raster image may also be described as a matrix of points The distance between neighboring points on a row is referred to as the horizontal sampling interval The distance between neighboring points on a column is referred to as the vertical sampling interval Sampling interval multiplied by the number of c
72. r caption of a toolbar to adjust its position or to dock it to a particular side of the main window The grip of a toolbar is the dot matrix at the left or top of the toolbar in docked state Status Bar The status bar is located at the bottom of the main window Depending on whether a still image or the video is being displayed in the active image window the status bar gives different information The status bar is divided into thirteen panes from left to right What they will display is listed below info micrometrics net Still Image l Command prompt Leftmost 2 Mouse position in horizontal direction in pixels relative to the top left corner of the active image Mouse position in vertical direction in pixels relative to the top left corner of the active image pixel at the mouse position pixel at the mouse position The blue component of the pixel at the mouse position 7 The hue component of the pixel at the mouse position 13 The saturation component of the pixel at the mouse position The intensity component of the pixel at the mouse position The linear measurement unit of the current system micrometer The magnification of the active image The width of the active image in the current system linear measurement unit The height of the active image in the current system linear measurement unit Rightmost info micrometrics net Live Image Command Prompt The horizontal
73. r hidden When they are visible they can be either docked or floating Drag their captions to adjust their positions Double click on their captions to toggle their dock states Status Bar Use the Status Bar command to toggle the visibility of the status bar 31 info micrometrics net Auxiliary Window Captions Use the Auxiliary Window Captions command to turn on or off the Windows Themes on all the auxiliary windows Micrometrics SE Premium is able to draw the captions of the auxiliary windows in its own way but also accepts Windows Themes for its auxiliary windows If Auxiliary Window Captions is unchecked as is the default Micrometrics SE Premium will draw the captions of auxiliary windows in its own way which in a sense is more convenient to use However 1f Auxiliary Window Captions 1s checked Micrometrics SE Premium will draw the captions of auxiliary windows according to the current Windows Themes This command merely affects the appearance of the auxiliary windows and does not limit their functionalities Image Window Tabs Use the Image Window Tabs command to toggle the visibility of image window tabs Image windows can have or have not tabs When an image window has a tab the tab can either appear on top or at bottom of the main window Choose Image Window Tabs to hide the tabs if the image windows currently have tabs Choose Image Window Tabs to show the tabs if the image windows currently do not have ta
74. ra C Apply Flatfield Correction Turn on or off flatfield correction for live images 135 info micrometrics net Image Orientation Depending on the model of the camera being connected the live image may be rotated or flipped The image orientation 1 e rotation and flip may be controlled from this sub pane a Rotate degree clockwise Flip Horizontal _ Vertical Rotate degree clockwise Flip _ Horizontal _ Vertical Show the angle by which the live Show whether horizontal or image is currently being rotated vertical or both flips have been Click to specify a new value applied to the live image Click to set or reset a flip state 136 info micrometrics net Capture Options a Averaging M1 O2 O4 OE Subsarmplirg Mi 2 03 Q4 To Co File Field Group Bath CDocuments and Settings Preview Captured Image Verify File Name on Capture Auto Increment File Name Extended Exposure rig Enable Reset Gain Minimum 0 126333 Curent 154 399 Maximum 308096 Averaging Select the number of frames 1 02 O4 O38 to be averaged If is selected no frame averaging will be performed If 2 is selected two successive frames will be summed and then divided by two to create the intermediate image that is 137 info micrometrics net the input to subsequent post capture processing 4 and amp are similarly defined Frame averaging reduces noise If n frames
75. ra If set to O a color camera appears to be delivering 142 info micrometrics net monochrome images This is equivalent to subtracting 256 from the saturation of each pixel in a still image Show the current saturation of the camera A new value may also be entered here The default setting 1s 0 5 where the saturation of the raw image is not modified The maximal saturation allowable for the camera This is equivalent to adding 256 to the saturation of each pixel in a still image Use the slider to adjust the green gain of the camera The same is for the other two colors The minimal color gain allowed SB The maximal color gain allowed 143 info micrometrics net Database The management of the built in database and the interaction of the active image and the database may be carried out from the auxiliary window Database Database 8 BY E searchin WA Caption Description Inclusion 2006 04 23 16 13 35 gt John Mon metal inclusion in Tissue 2006 04 22 16 01 25 Jack The haze illustrates spherical aberration It cannot be Bone 2006 04 27 16 55 42 Jack Radiograph processed as pho im Ea Store Push E to save the active image and its measurement result to the built in database Database Caption Alloy 1 OOO Author Jack Description The material to be used in Micrometrics camera housing Caption Specify a caption for the record to create Must be a single line Alloy 1 OU of text The ti
76. re Titi Corner ERE ee mi imi g i is me Eit to Window OOOBOE IE Zoom Preview More Colors The dialog is initially docked to the menu item Overly Color however 1f desired it can be made floating by dragging its grip Overlay Color O mme EERE Eee ERE ERE mi imi tt hi OO OU UO OUEEML More Colors The dialog in two different dock states behaves in exactly the same way Click Automatic to select the color white as the overlay color Click any of the color boxes to select that color as the overlay color Click More Colors for more choices or to create a new color Click More Colors will bring up another dialog as shown next info micrometrics net 34 Colors Standard Custom Colors Current Again click a hexagon to pick up its color as the new overly color The present overlay color is shown in a box at the bottom right corner of the dialog box The present selection is shown in the box above the present overly color box Push OK to dismiss the dialog and set the new color as overlay color Push Cancel to dismiss the dialog with overlay color remaining the original If it becomes necessary to create a unique color click Custom to switch to the other tab of this two tab dialog box as shown below 35 info micrometrics net Standard Custom Cancel Red 255 A Green 255 S ayy me Blue 0 Ea Curent Cli
77. re annotation objects Click to select an annotation object Shift Click to select additional objects It is also possible in this mode to draw a rectangle to select all objects covered by the rectangle Click anywhere within the active image window that is not occupied by any annotation object to deselect all objects Select All Use the Select All command to select all annotation objects 119 info micrometrics net Delete Use the Delete command to delete selected annotation objects Properties Use the Properties command to edit the properties of a selected object Move to Uppermost Use the Move to Uppermost command to make the selected object the topmost layer Move to Lowermost Use the Move to Lowermost command to make the selected object the bottommost layer Move Up Use the Move Up command to move the selected object one layer above Move Down Use the Move Down command to move the selected object one layer down Burn into Image Use the Burn into Image command to create a pixel representation of all the annotation objects on the pictorial layer and delete all the annotation objects 120 info micrometrics net Annotation objects are temporary and cannot be saved into a file 121 info micrometrics net The Window Menu Cascade Use the Cascade command to make all image windows the same size and stacked from top left to bottom right of the main window Tile Horizontally Use the Tile Ho
78. re the annotation objects are burned into images are not considered as modifying an image Undo Use the Undo command to reverse the most recent action that has modified the image The possible number of undo steps 1s the length of processing history Redo Use the Redo command to undo an Undo operation Copy to Clipboard Use the Copy to Clipboard command to convert a copy of the active image to Windows Bitmap format and place it on the clipboard 30 info micrometrics net The View Menu The commands in this group are used to customize the appearance of user interface elements images and computer screen Toolbars and Auxiliary Windows Use the Toolbars and Auxiliary Windows commands to toggle the visibility of each toolbar or auxiliary window Auxiliary Window Control Panel Image Processing Help Desk Image Measurement Image Annotation po istogram S O A toolbar can be either visible or hidden When it is visible it can be either docked or floating The menu can also be docked or floating although it cannot be hidden Drag its grip to adjust the position of a toolbar or the menu Double click on its grip to toggle the dock state of a toolbar or the menu Control Panel can be visible or hidden However it is always docked to the left side of the main window Control Panel can be resized but cannot be floating or docked to any other side of the main window The other auxiliary windows can be either visible o
79. replace those corresponding images in the Field Group If there is a zero pixel in the active image this command fails quietly The output image will be scaled in intensity to make it approximately the same brightness as those of the input images Vector Arithmetic gt Max Use the Vector gt Max command to create a pixel wise channel wise maximal value image from all images in the Field Group For this command to work all images in Field Group must be identical in the numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the number of color channels and there must be at least two images in the Field Group A new image window will be created to hold the output image The output image has the same numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the same number of color channels The value of each color component channel of each pixel of the output image is set as the greatest of all corresponding values from all images in the Field Group The output image has the same sampling intervals and magnification setting as those of the first image in the Field Group Vector Arithmetic gt Min Use the Vector gt Min command to create a pixel wise channel wise minimal value image from all images in the Field Group For this command to work all images in Field Group must be identical in the numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the number of color channels and there must be at least two images in the Field Group 59 info micrometrics net A new
80. ring this dialog session Push Properties button to specify the appearance of text overlays 105 info micrometrics net The Annotation Menu An image of Micrometrics SE Premium may have temporary layers called annotation layers Each annotation layer consists of an annotation object An annotation object is a vector graphics object that can be moved resized or edited without loosing resolution Annotation layers exist only when an image is being annotated by Micrometrics SE Premium Annotation objects may be burned into the image where the pixels of the pictorial layer of the image are modified to represent the vector graphics of the annotation objects Annotation objects that have not been burned into image when the image is saved to disk or cached in Field Group will be deleted The process of burning an annotation object includes deleting that temporal layer Annotation layers are topmost layers of an image of Micrometrics SE Premium and may obscure pictorial and overlay layers Annotation is possible only when Micrometrics SE Premium is in annotating mode To enter the annotating mode choose Annotate gt Enable To leave the annotating mode choose that menu item again In annotating mode those measurement commands that involves extended mouse actions will be disabled The hand tool for image pan and scroll and the micrometer calibration are also disabled in annotating mode One or more annotation objects can be s
81. rizontally command to make all image windows aligned edge to edge horizontally and the same size if possible Tile Vertically Use the Tile Vertically command to make all image windows aligned edge to edge vertically and the same size if possible Arrange Icon Use the Arrange Icon command to align the icons of image windows at the bottom of the main window 122 info micrometrics net The Help Menu Settings Use the Settings command to tune the performance of Micrometrics SE Premium Settings Humber of Fields Ta Preallocated Memor Fa Cancel Number of Undo Steps Screen Gamma NOTE Effective After Restart This Program The number of thumbnails in Field Group The size of the memory in MB that has been allocated to Field Group The maximum length of processing history for each image The Gamma of computer screen in Humber of Fields Frealocated Memory Number of Undo Steps Screen Gamma 123 info micrometrics net pf hundredth Push to dismiss the dialog and to apply the settings when Micrometrics TM SE Premium runs again Push to dismiss the dialog and not to change any setting Cancel Manual Use the Manual command to open User s Guide Online Help Use the Online Help to connect to Micrometrics SE Premium website About Micrometrics SE Premium Use the About command to read copyright notice and version information 124 info micrometri
82. rmation Note the native format sif preserves the most complete information for images acquired by Micrometrics SE Premium including sampling interval and magnification settings The 19 info micrometrics net Metallograph format meg also contains such information However the other formats do not contain metrical information and cannot be measured in a physically meaningful manner When such a file is opened the sampling interval is assumed to be micron and the magnification is assumed to be 100X Close Use the Close command to remove the active image window If the active image window is the only image window closing this window will cause Micrometrics SE Premium to switch to Main Frame Menu To go back to Document Menu choose File gt New for Video Preview to create an empty image window or choose File gt Open to load an image file Save Use the Save command to store the active image onto disk in the native format If the active image has been previously saved in the native format sif this command will update the corresponding file quietly If the image has never been saved in the native format this command will act as File gt Save As Save As Use the Save As command to store the active image onto disk with a new file name or in a new format The native image format sif and Metallograph format meg retains both pictorial and metrical information and are the best for archival pu
83. rpose The other image formats keep pictorial information only The supported image formats are listed below 20 info micrometrics net Format Remark Extension Native Containing complete information Bitmap Writing in Windows Bitmap format Independent JPEG Least loss and highest quality Group when compressing Tagged Image File Writing as single page Format Portable Bitmap Writing in binary format Portable Gray Map Writing in binary format Portable Network Graphics Portable Pixel Map Writing in binary format E Targa File Metallograph MEG Containing calibration and magnification information JPEG Options Use the JPEG Options command to specify the desired image quality when storing images in JPEG format This command brings up the dialog shown below JPEG Options Image Luality Obes O Good O Moderate C Average Limited 21 info micrometrics net The better the image quality the less the compression ratio Five levels of image quality are provided The Best image quality corresponds to the largest file size Print Setup Use the Print Setup command to select a printer and set its properties for use with image hardcopy output Print Image Layout Use the Print Image Layout command to specify whether all images or only the active image should be printed and the way each image is to be aligned and scaled This command brings up the dialog shown below All setting
84. s and system micrometer Most Important Camera Settings Color reproduction and overall brightness dictate image quality The color reproduction of a camera is controlled by gains applied to color channels of the camera It is most convenient to let Micrometrics SE Premium determine the necessary gains from live images a process known as white balance White balance may be based on either the whole live image that is currently being displayed or a small area therein Micrometrics SE Premium uses the term White Balance for the operation based on the whole image and Area Based White Balance Area WB for the operation based on a small area within the live image Much like white balance an optimal exposure time may also be determined by Micrometrics SE Premium Auto Exposure refers to the operation that Micrometrics SE Premium determines and sets an optimal exposure time based on the visible portion of the live images being displayed Wihite Balance Push to perform white balance based on the visible portion of the live image Area WE Push to perform white balance based on a small rectangle within the visible portion of the live image The operation is completed by a click on the live image which specified the center of the rectangle on which the white balance will be based The width and height of the rectangle is the smallest region of interest that is supported by the camera Push to have exposure time determined an
85. s of pixels and number of color channels as the active image otherwise the command fails quietly but the internal index will be incremented so next time the command is executed it can find the right image to display The Show Next command replaces the image in the active image window by the selected image in the Field Group Note that only pictorial data are replaced and the other layers such as graphical overly are kept intact This facilitates the comparing of multiple images Panorama Landscape Use the Panorama Landscape command to stitch a row of images The images to stitch should have been stored in Field Group and ordered correctly All images in Field Group participate in the operation These images must be identical in the numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the number of color channels The first image in Field Group should be the leftmost image of the row of images to be aligned The last image in Field Group should be the rightmost 52 info micrometrics net image of the row of images to be aligned There must be at least two valid images in Field Group In addition any two adjacent images must have at least 20 non overlapping areas and at least 32 overlapping columns of pixels The images are allowed to shift vertically but the shift has to be limited to 16 rows of pixels A new image window will be created to hold the output panorama image The output image copies the sampling intervals and magnification set
86. s will be saved automatically for later use in the current and later sessions Image Layout Eg Alignment lt lt CAAA All mages Automatically Aligned Cancel O CAP Current Image Absolutely Positioned CFP Current Image Fit to Paper oom for 444 and CAP 1 Displacement for CAP Horizontal 22 info micrometrics net Alignment This section determines whether all images or only the active image might be printed Three modes are defined by Micrometrics SE Premium AAA All Images Automatically Aligned CAP Current Image Absolutely Positioned and CFP Current Image Fit to Paper e AAA Under this mode all images except empty ones would be printed The layout and pagination of images are fully automatic A zoom factor may be applied to all images before the final page layout is calculated The zoom factor is specified in Zoom for AAA and CAP The titles would also be printed under images e CAP Under this mode the active image would be printed if it is not empty The size and position of the printed image may be modified The image may be zoomed according to the factor specified in Zoom for AAA and CAP The image can be placed anywhere on the paper The position of the printed image refers to the horizontal and vertical offset of the top left corner of the image with respect to the top left corner of the printable area of the paper in millimeters The offsets are specified in Displacement for CAP m
87. ting from the first input image from Field Group Due to the overlapping of the input images the number of columns of the output image would be less than those of input images summed Due to possible vertical shift of the input images the number of rows of the output image might also be less than that of an input image The cropping is automatic and transparent to users The example below illustrates the process The first three images are stitched to create the forth image Panorama Portrait Use the Panorama Portrait command to stitch a column of images The images to stitch should have been stored in Field Group and ordered correctly All images in Field Group participate in the 53 info micrometrics net operation These images must be identical in the numbers of columns and rows of pixels and the number of color channels The first image in Field Group should be the topmost image of the column of images to be aligned The last image in Field Group should be the bottommost image of the column of images to be aligned There must be at least two valid images in Field Group In addition any two adjacent images must have at least 20 non overlapping areas and at least 32 overlapping rows of pixels The images are allowed to shift horizontally but the shift has to be limited to 16 columns of pixels A new image window will be created to hold the output panorama image The output image copies the sampling intervals and magnificatio
88. tion of the image including metrical and magnification settings Equivalent Command Double click within the active image window Load Use the Load command to open the selected image in Field Group A new image window will be created to hold a copy of the image in Field Group The image in Field Group will not be removed 49 info micrometrics net Equivalent Command Double click within the thumbnail of the image in Field Group Selecting an image in Field Group 1 Click within the thumbnail 2 Hover over the thumbnail for 2 or more seconds Move Up Use the Move Up command to swap the selected image in Field Group with the preceding one Equivalent Command Right click the thumbnail to bring up Field Group Context Menu and choose Move Up Selecting an image in Field Group 1 Click the thumbnail 2 Hover over the thumbnail for 2 or more seconds Move Down Use the Move Down command to swap the selected image in Field Group with the following one Equivalent Command Right click the thumbnail to bring up Field Group Context Menu and choose Move Down Selecting an image in Field Group 1 Click the thumbnail 2 Hover over the thumbnail for 2 or more seconds 50 info micrometrics net Clear Use the Clear command to remove the selected image from the Field Group Equivalent Command Right click the thumbnail to bring up Field Group Context Menu and choose Clear Selecting an image in Field
89. tization Micrometrics SE Premium can also burn vector graphics into raster images This is the same as digitization but is irreversible The Layers For any image processing program that is more sophisticated than a simplest viewer there has to be some extra information attached to pixels For example sampling intervals and magnification settings are also recorded in an image of Micrometrics SE Premium In fact even the pixels have to be organized into layers Each layer is either a raster image or a vector graphics object Layers may be combined in various ways to produce specific presentations of an image of Micrometrics SE Premium The presentation itself is a simple raster image An image of Micrometrics SE Premium has three layers The bottommost layer is the pixel array also called the pictorial layer The topmost layer is the overlay where the graphics generated by measurement operations and micrometer are placed In between is the mask layer This layer is used by advanced editions of Micrometrics SE Premium to hold segmentation results info micrometrics net In displaying an image its pictorial layer is drawn first The layers above pictorial layer are drawn later and may obscure the pictorial layer When Micrometrics SE Premium is running there can be temporary layers hosting annotation objects Each annotation object occupies a temporary layer by itself The temporary layers are above any other types of
90. tle of the active image is initially displayed but it is free to specify a different 144 info micrometrics net Micrometrics SE Premium al info micrometrics net one The caption should be unique within the database Otherwise a warning message appears as shown below Answer Yes to replace the existing record with the same caption Answer No to abort the storing operation P A Database already contains a record captioned Alloy 1000 Would you like to replace the record Specify the date of creation of the record The date initially shown is that of the computer Click to pick up another date as illustrated below 145 Database Caption Alloy 1 OOO Date 2 172007 February 2007 A E 7 amp Tz 13 14 15 1a A a eo 2f 20 Today 27172007 A date may also be entered directly Author Specify the name of the person eer who is responsible for the acquisition processing or measurement of the active image Must be a single line of text Description Specify a single line of text asa rs note remark or comment The material to be used in Micromet Push to add the new record to database A Push to exit the dialog and do not modify the database 146 info micrometrics net Load i Push a to open the selected record in the database Note a record in the database must have been selected for this command to work Otherwise a warning message appears as the following Micrometrics SE
91. umed to be the red green and blue channels of a color image As such they must be identical in the numbers of columns and rows of pixels It is not required that these images are all color or all monochrome If a color image is in place only its first channel 1 e red will be extracted A new image window will be created to hold the output image The output image has the same metric and magnification setting as those of the last image in the Field Group Vector Arithmetic gt Split Use the Vector gt Split command to decompose a color image into three monochrome images representing its red green and blue channels The output images are appended to the Field Group Vector Arithmetic gt Subtract Use the Vector gt Subtract command to subtract the active image from each image in Field Group For this command to work each image in the Field Group must have the same numbers of columns and rows of pixels and number of color channels as those of the active image The output images will replace those corresponding images in the Field Group Negative pixel values are truncated to zero Vector Arithmetic gt Divide Use the Vector gt Divide command to divide each image in Field Group by the active image 58 info micrometrics net For this command to work each image in the Field Group must have the same numbers of columns and rows of pixels and number of color channels as those of the active image The output images will
92. ush to dismiss the dialog and discard any changes made during the dialog Overlay Size Use the Overlay Size command to change the line width and font size for graphics generated by subsequent measurement operations All measurement operations generate graphical overlays Most of the measurement operations also generate textual annotation objects describing the quantitative output of the measurement In addition measurement may be carried out in either browsing mode or focusing mode of image display In browsing mode the full field of view is visible albeit possibly in a reduced resolution In focusing mode maximal details are shown although the field of view may be partially visible Overlay Size Line Pitch Text Size Auto Zoom A relative scale of the pen width for Line Pitch graphical overlay A relative scale of font for textual annotation objects generated during measurement process If checked both line pitch and text _ Auto Zoom size will be re scaled according to Text Size 38 info micrometrics net zoom ratio currently used for displaying the image being measured Push to close the dialog and apply the settings to subsequent measurement Push to close the dialog and discard the changes to overlay size made during the dialog P Cancel Centre Use the Centre command to place the centre of the image at the centre of the image window Corner Use the Corner comm
93. val 1 s Time interval in seconds Curation 10 z Time duration in seconds Push to initiate time lapse capture Video preview might be necessary if not to capture full field of view Push to abort the time lapse capture 1 11 completed 11 to go The progress of the time lapse capture Both the number of captured images and the estimated time in seconds needed to complete the task are given 133 info micrometrics net Camera Control The exposure global gain and Gamma of the camera may be set from this sub pane a Exposure ma 0 12 132 05 133 ain 4 046 16 Gamma 0 0 100 _ Apply Flatfield Correction Exposure mz Use the slider to adjust the exposure time of the camera The exposure is d in milliseconds and is adjusted logarithmically 2 O ower meemem Ue allowable for the camera Show the current exposure time of the camera A new value may also be entered directly The exposure is in milliseconds allowable for the camera Use the slider to adjust the global gain of the camera The global gain of a camera is the factor multiplied to 134 info micrometrics net ee pixel camera may also be entered directly The maximal gain allowable for the camera Use the slider to adjust the Gamma of the camera Minimal Gamma allowable for the camera 1 Show the current Gamma of the camera A new value may also be entered directly 100 Maximal Gamma allowable for the came
94. y details which the computer screen is capable of displaying The LUT is designed exactly for this purpose A LUT is defined by two controlling points The three connected line segments as made up by the two controlling points and two end points specify how the dynamic range of the camera to that of the digital image Needless to 150 info micrometrics net say LUT is able to do much more than showing dark features In fact a general purpose LUT as is provided in Micrometrics SE Premium is used to enhance pixels within a particular intensity range and this intensity range is not necessarily limited to 8 bit A schematic plot of LUT is given below l ee ee ee ie lt NO asuey orumeudq MON lt p lt xl Original Dynamic Range Setting both x1 y1 and x2 y2 to either 0 0 or 1 1 effectively cancels the intensity windowing It is required that x2 x1 gt 0 01 LUT may be defined by entering the coordinates of the two controlling points To do this select File gt LUT gt Define and fill the popup dialog box LUT may also be adjusted in a WYSIWYG manner in the Histogram window Press down the left mouse button at a position to the left of the left controlling point and drag to adjust the left controlling point Press down the left mouse button at a position to the right of the right controlling point and drag to adjust the right controlling point Press down the left mouse button at a position betw
95. y value may be entered here However if a number greater than 1 is given the contrast of the image will be decreased High Boost The coefficient by which the contrast image will be multiplied Any value may be entered here However if a number smaller than 1 is given the image will be smoothed Latitude Reduction 82 info micrometrics net Specify how the background image and contrast image are combined Valid values are in the range 0 1 If 0 is entered the background image and the contrast image will be simply added If 1 is entered only the brightest pixels of the background image will be modified by adding corresponding pixels from the contrast image The parameter determines the dependency of back projection on background image Push to dismiss the vo as dialog and keep the parameters for Unsharp Push to dismiss the Cancel dialog and discard any change to parameters for Unsharp Combine Max Contrast Use the Max Contrast command to linearly scale the intensities of the active image so that they span the whole dynamic range The following two images together with their histograms illustrate the process 83 info micrometrics net Histogram Histogram Sketch Use the Sketch to generate a pencil drawing from the active image 84 info micrometrics net The example below illustrates the process Adaptive Edge Emphasis Use the Adaptive Edge Emphasis to enhance e
96. yer is useful to image segmentation and mathematical morphology The next layer is the overlay The micrometer when burned into image will be placed on this layer The graphics generated by measurement operations will also be placed on the overlay layer An annotation object is a temporary layer on top of all permanent layers When annotation objects are being burned into image they will be placed on the pictorial layer Those annotation objects that have not yet been burned when the image is closed will be discarded The graphical output of a measuring operation is placed on overlay layer The textual output of a measuring operation is a text box exactly as that can be created manually with annotation commands except the textual description of measurement result is generated by Micrometrics SE Premium The quantitative output of a measuring Operation is one or more new entries in the auxiliary window Measurement Each entry or record has three fields the first field is the name of the command that has generated the entry the second field is the parameter that is being measured and the third field is the numerical result of the measurement operation If some measurement has been done for an image the measurement results will also be saved when the image is stored to the database When the image is again loaded from the database the previous measurement results will also be loaded 94 info micrometrics net Reset Use the Reset com

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