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Senior Design II Paper - Department of Electrical Engineering

1. 125 degrees C for sensor temperature and o 0 380 degrees C for object temperature High accuracy of 0 5 degrees C over wide temperature range 0 50 degrees C for both Ta and To Hugh medical accuracy calibration Measurement resolution of 0 02 degrees C Single and dual zone versions SMBus compatible digital interface Customizable PWM output for continuous reading Available in 3V and 5V versions Simple adaptation for 8 16 applications Sleep mode for reduced power consumption Different package options for applications and measurement versatility Automotive grade Table 3 2 1 1 1 IR Temperature Sensor Advantages Despite all other advantages discussed before this sensor has many other features The only disadvantage over the other sensors is that the spinning frame holders might hinder its accuracy Out of the three options we considered the latter two first we were going to try the infrared sensor if that were to give us complications and if it did not perform as expected we would have implement the second option Group 3 Product Manufacturer Temp Cost Number Range Accuracy TMP100 TI 55 125C 2C 0 75 TMP101 TI 55 125C 2C 0 75 480 3161 ND Honeywell Sensing 60 150C 1 3 4 74 and Control DS18S20 Maxim Integrated 55 100C 0 5C 4 00 LM335 TI 40 100 C 6C 1 35 Table 3 2 1 1 2 Temperature Sensor Comparison 11 Page There are many types of temperature se
2. Subject Cutsheet or Datasheet Request M Hello My name is Dmytro Boichev I am an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida I am writing a paper for my senior design project and was wondering if I could use your figures of the knife gate valve datasheet for the paper The source will be specified in the paper Here is the link of this datasheet Request http www boilersupplies com knifegate model 61 html Thank you XZLY6 Enter web form code Submit Reset To sales_usa melexis com Hello My name is Dmytro Boichev I am an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida I am writing a paper for my senior design project and was wondering if I could use your figures of the infrared temperature sensor MLX90614 in the paper The source will be specified in the paper Here is the link to the datasheet http www melexis com Assets IR sensor thermometer MLX90614 Datasheet 5152 aspx Thank you dima mark as unread Tue 7 30 2013 1 09 PM To info sc honeywell com Hello My name is Dmytro Boichev am an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida am writing a paper for my senior design project and was wondering if could use your figures of the Datasheet HCH 1000 002 humidity sensor Here is the link of this datasheet http sensing honeywell com honeywell sensing hch1000 20series product sheet 000699 2 en pdf Tha
3. aL 7 95 F LOAD MUST ONLY BE APPLIED TO THE CONCENTRATOR TIP IN THE CENTER OF THE SENSOR TO MAINTAIN ACCURACY Figure 3 2 2 3 Force Application on FX1901 Sensor Permission granted from Meas spec Figure 3 2 2 4 Wheatstone Bridge 24 Page Group 3 The FMT6 sensor was considered only because of its design Although it comes with a high price point it will be probably easier integrated in the extractor due to its shape Figure 3 2 2 5 below shows the construction of the FMT weight sensor This is a donut shaped sensor that will make it easy to implement in our design F Dia A Dia D Figure 3 2 2 5 Donut Shaped Weight Sensor Permission granted from Meas spec The Figure 3 2 2 6 below shows how the sensor is implemented on a screw This is very similar to frame holder s axle 25 Page Group 3 Washers Sensor N D Figure 3 2 2 6 Implementation of Donut Shaped Weight Sensor Permission granted from Meas Spec As already was mentioned before the donut shaped load cell weight sensor would have been the easiest to implement in our project The only concern was the price The team had to decide whether to buy this sensor or not depending on budget information Below are the specifications of the sensor in table 3 2 2 4 201080 C 410 176 F1 010 60 C 82 10 140 F lt O 5 FS 160 C 00 F lt 1 of reading 50 C 100 F 0 20 t0 320 KN 4 to 64 Kl Accuracy SSCSC From 15 FS El
4. 27315d 0x6AB3 Ty max 50 C gt To ax EEPROM 0x00 100 ee was 273 15 32315d 0x7 E3B Captured PWM period is T 1004s Captured high duration is t 392 us Calculated duty cycle is t 392 D 0 3904 or 39 04 T 1004 The temperature is calculated as follows T 2 0 3904 0 125 x 50 0 0 2x 0 2654 x 50 26 54 C Figure 7 9 1 1 Example of Temperature Sensor Reading Using the Melexis MLX 90614 Taken with permission from Melexis 112 Page Group 3 7 9 2 Humidity Interface Test and Calibration The humidity sensor also presented a challenge to test The sensor that was chosen was a passive capacitive response sensor This means that its capacitance changed with humidity and temperature There were two possible options to measure this feedback The first is to use the PSoC s Cap Touch module The built in module was simply placed into a test project and the analog response capacitance was displayed on the LCD The values measured were then compared to actual values measured for another humidity sensor The second way to test the capacitance was to set up a simple RC circuit A pulse will load the capacitor and then be removed The time that the capacitor drains determined the capacitance due to the formula shown in figure 7 9 2 1 These values were also compared to values obtained from form another humidity sensor ry i 4 Re t e Re Figure 7 9 2 1 Ideal equation for capacitive d
5. 41 Page Group 3 4 Project Hardware and Software Design 4 1 Hardware Block Diagram Before the system was built it was important to identify what modules the system will include how they were going to be interacting with each other how they were going to be powered and connected For software development it was important to identify the user needs and a design flexible and easy to use custom user interface Figure 4 1 1 depicts major blocks of the automated honey collector Figure 4 1 1 Honey Extractor Main Unit Block Diagram 42 Page Group 3 4 2 Software Activity Diagram In order to give an alternative to The Automated Honey Extractor s an on board control unit the system can be controlled by a custom Android application with user friendly custom graphical user interface The application is compatible with Android running devices operating system version 2 2 or later Graphical user interface GUI is displaying data received from the Bluetooth which in its turn will receive sensors data from the microcontroller Sensor data will include temperature data in numerical form humidity data in numerical form Custom control selections are also available to the user in the GUI The user is able to press the Forward button to start spinning the honey extractor in the clockwise direction The Stop button is also included so that the user can stop the spin at any time something similar to the manual emergency stop button The R
6. Arduino has or the advanced functionality of the PSoC so it was not the best choice for this project 3 2 7 5 IOIO board Discussion The fifth and final choice for micro controllers was the IOIO board The IOIO board is based off of a Microchip PIC 24 microcontroller It has firmware built in to it specifically designed for interface with an android device This product is also open source and containing a large hobbyist background Pros for this device were ease of integration into the Android environment Cons included having to use Java to program the Microcontroller The PIC 24 class of micro controller also has some drop in capabilities added to it It has a module to facilitate the capacitive touch sensing interface so it would have also been able to integrate the humidity sensor Other built in features include an I2C interface and built in Analog to digital converters Implementation of this device would have first consisted of testing with the IOIO board and once a final design has been developed the design would have been copied and integrated into a custom built PCB After some debate about which product to use the Arduino environment was the best choice Reasons for this choice were ease of documentation for programing the units and low cost The honey extraction project did not require a fancy connection to a monitor or other devices and FPGA style device was not necessary and programming entirely in the android environment
7. Later the humidity and temperature sensor readings were checked for accuracy Once the sensors were confirmed to be functioning properly the heating system was tested This completed the testing phase of our device before our presentation Next test was to connect the android device to the unit The Android device was powered on and connected to the device Sensor input was verified to make sure the connection is made The Android device was given to one of the members of the review committee so the sensor information can be read remotely Next we were going to load the unit with the honeycomb frames The frames were to be removed from sealed containers over the extractor as not to spill honey on the floor during the presentation Once the frames were to be inserted the device would be closed and the start button would have been pressed The device would have started spinning and the honey would have started coming out of the units The vat would have heated up so that it would flow easier to the straining device The vat would then have been opened and the honey poured into a small container The container full of honey would have been presented to the review committee However since there were no full honeycomb frames available due to season this part of the presentation was omitted The final step was to ask the review committee if there are any questions and then we answered them as appropriate Once all of the questions were answered and o
8. Temperature HH10D pdf Thank you L Page Group 3
9. address on the screen When the user selected the name on the screen he was then prompted to enter pin on the phone The default code is 1234 When the pin code was entered 51 Page Group 3 correctly and validated successfully the Bluetooth and Android exchange security keys The Android phone stored Bluetooth s credentials and connected to the Bluetooth The two devises were now paired and Bluetooth s light emitting diode LED became solid 4 3 1 Integrating the Bluetooth into Circuit Originally the team was going to utilize RN 42 Bluetooth module is their project The Bluetooth was going to be integrated into the printed circuit board in the following fashion The Bluetooth was going to be powered up by 3 3V or 5V regulated power input VDD pin 11 GND pins and were to be grounded pins 1 and 11 In order to avoid noise caused by other circuit elements a decoupling capacitor will be placed in the circuit The Bluetooth module was going to be connected to pin 10 of the microcontroller through UART_TX transmit line pin 14 The receive line UART_RX pin 13 of the Bluetooth was going be connected to the microcontrollers pin 11 The module has hardware flow control and it is set to enable as a default factory setting This feature is controlled by request to send RTS and clear to send CTS protocols When the hardware flow control is set to enable on the Bluetooth module it will refrain from sending packets to the microcontroller
10. and company Good luck with your senor design project and make sure to give us a call if you need assistance 800 338 4105 Best Regards John LeDuc John LeDuc Manager Technical Content DIGI KEY CORPORATION 701 Brooks Ave South Thief River Falls MN 56701 USA john leduc digikey com 800 338 4105 Ext 1173 E Page Group 3 To dima knights ucf edu To help protect your privacy some content in this message has been blocked To re enable the blocke To always show content from this sender click here Flag for follow up Start by Thursday July 25 2013 Due by Thursday July 25 2013 Action Items Dear Dmytro Boichev Thank you for your interest in our FlexiForce products In response to your inquiry so was wondering if could use your figures from the user manual of the flexiforce pressure sensor for the paper We do allow referencing and use of the manual s figures and numbers for educational purposes Please try to reference back to source Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions or need additional information Best Regards Steve Tran FlexiForce Inside Sales and Technical Support 617 464 4500 x337 F Page Group 3 To dima knights ucf edu Yes Sent from my iPhone On Jul 28 2013 at 12 23 AM dima knights ucf edu wrote gt gt Name Dmytro Boichev gt Company_Name gt Email_Address dima knights ucf edu gt Phone_Number 407 900 5742 gt Fax_N
11. compared to the initial test Temperature differences should not exceed the marginal error for stable and reliable system performance Table 7 6 3 1 Temperature Sensor Final Testing Procedure Group 3 103 Page Supplies ee a Suey curent bo nowa Supply current No load erase write EEPROM programming operations Zener votage vz z 75 100008 Tacroon Rete pe z TOINA Power On Reset POR Vrone Power up tultemprange 14 175 195 v PoR wi Voors Ponor com ttm rang 13 17 f no fV POR hysteresis Vron hya Full temp range Von rise time 10 to 90 of specified supply voltage Tror Ensure POR signal Output valid result in RAM Taid After POR Pulse width modulation PWMresoktion PWMres Databand Factory default internal PIM cold ponon oscillator factory calibrated fia Internal oscillator factory i calibrated over the entire PWM period stability dPWM operation range and supply voltage Output high Level PW Mni leource 2 MA Output low Level PWMo leink 2 MA Output drive current Idrivepwm Vout H V po 0 8V Output sink current Isinkewm Vout L 0 8V Table 7 6 3 2 IR Temperature Sensor Electrical Specifications Permission granted from Melexis 7 6 4 Humidity Sensor Test The humidity sensor as well as the temperature sensor was tested before it was implemented in the system According to the general sensor testing ideology sec
12. e Paper towels e Rubber band e Plastic bag To reach 0 humidity we put the paper towel in an oven for an hour This dissipated all the moisture from the paper Then put the paper towel together with the sensor in the plastic bag Waited for the sensor to reach the lowest value and recorded this value We referred to the datasheet of the humidity sensor for the operation range specification For example the HCH 1000 002 sensor s operation range is about from 10 RH to 95 RH To reach near 100 humidity we poured boiling water on the paper towel and put it in the bag along with the sensor Made sure the terminals did not contact the moisture of the paper towel Recorded the highest value read by the sensor 7 7 Circuit board testing Once the circuit board has been assembled it needed to be tested in order to confirm functionality Testing of the circuit boards first consisted of an optical inspection The optical inspection consisted of simply looking at the solder joints through a magnified lens Things to check for during this process included raised pads on the solder joint shorted pad knees and shorted pads Figure 7 7 1 shows an example of a bad solder joint A connection may have been possible 109 Page Group 3 on this joint but it may have broken in the event of a shifted chip or other mechanical disturbance Another test that was done during the optical inspection was inspection of proper placement of the parts After the o
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14. improving the autonomous motor controlling sequence 7 5 Testing the Heating System 7 5 1 Testing the Heating Element 7 5 1 1 Initial Testing After the purchase of the heating element it underwent a basic functionality test to check its basic heating functionality It was connected to a 110 120 AC power 96 Page Group 3 supply and checked if the elements worked as advertised After the elements appeared to be heating up the way they are designed to do they were then connected to other parts of the project such as the temperature sensor and the microcontroller For further testing information check Testing the Entire Heating System section 7 5 2 Testing the Entire Heating System 7 5 2 1 Initial Testing Each individual part of the heating system underwent its testing first refer to each section for detailed testing plan for each part After each individual part was tested and confirmed to be functioning the testing of the heating system went to the next stage 7 5 2 2 Intermediate Testing After connecting the heating elements to other parts of the project these are the tests that were conducted e Check if there is a connection between the power supply unit and the heating elements e Check if there is a connection between the temperature sensor and the MCU e Check if the MCU is able to control the temperature of the heating elements based on the readings received from the temperature sensors e Check minimum te
15. interface to other devices was possible The LCD screen displayed information from the sensors and the touch buttons allowed the user to interface with the peripheral devices The testing was done using the FreeSoC board The seven pins required to interface to the LCD were plugged in and the buttons with their pull up or pull down resistors were connected The first test was to verify the screen is outputting characters This was done by a project written for the PSoC that scrolls text across each pixel in the LCD The 111 Page Group 3 second test was to verify the functionality of all of the buttons This was done by writing a simple project that showed which button is pressed After the human interface device was tested then other parts of the system were ready to be tested as well 7 9 1 Temperature Interface Test and Calibration The temperature sensor s interface was a more difficult sensor to test The connections to the MLX90614 were made as shown in a figure previously and the appropriate signals were sent across the connections An oscilloscope was used to measure the signal coming off of the sensor An example of how to measure the temperature along with the equation to compute temperature is shown in figure 7 9 1 1 The calculated temperature was compared with a measurement taken from a hand held infrared temperature sensor Figure 15 PWM example single mode To my 0 C gt To yyy EEPROM 0x01 100 T yyy 273 15
16. interface was the most difficult part of the project to test The interface to the microcontroller was a simple RS232 serial link The link was created with the PSoC s serial module To test the communication between the units a hand shaking packet was sent Upon powering on the Bluetooth on the Android device a packet was sent to the Bluetooth module to verify connection The microcontroller was waiting for the packet and when it received it a handshake packet was sent back through the Bluetooth module back to the phone to verify the connection The LCD display displayed which state the microcontroller was in awaiting connection or connected Once connection was established the microcontroller sent packets containing the sensor information to the android device The packets were processed by the Android device and decoded so that the information could be viewed on the screen The microcontroller was awaiting an emergency stop command from the android device in case the motor or the heater needed to stop functioning The functionality of this feature was also tested A summary of the entire micro controller and human interface testing can be seen in the figure 7 9 1 114 Page Group 3 Wire up and run test program LCD Display Human Interface device Create circuit with buttons and pull up resistors Tempea rature wire temperature sensor and create Sensor test module use other thermometer to verify results Humid
17. into the frame holders the weight would have been approximately 35 kilograms not counting the weight of the frame holder The frame holder is constructed from metal so it will add by approximation another 10 to 20 pounds therefore we have a total weight of approximately 90 pounds or so From this approximation the sensor should have been preferably with at least 100lb maximum force range Part Retailer Range Accuracy Price Number SEN 10245 Sparkfun 1 to 110lb 0 03 9 95 FN2570 6 40 to 500lb 2 5 F S 120 00 FMT6 20 to 4000lb 1 5 F S 400 FX1901 Future 10 to 100lb 1 22 41 Electronics FC2231 Digi Key 10 100lb 1 Span 62 87 0000 0100 L FC2311 Digi Key 50 2000lb 1 Span 119 43 0000 1000 L Table 3 2 2 3 Heavy Duty Force Sensors Most of the sensors come with two outputs where the voltage difference can be measured straight from those outputs If the sensor comes with four outputs the two of the outputs are for the excite voltage the positive and negative nodes as shown in Figure 3 2 2 4 The other two outputs are from the Rx resistor When there is a slight change in the resistance the voltage difference can as well be easily detected The voltage differences are usually very small and an amplifier will be used to amplify that difference if not implemented in the microcontroller 23 Page Group 3 FORCE
18. it would have made our communication with the Android device seamless Bluetooth version 2 1 EDR module consumes low power and provides fast data rates up to 3 Mbps baud rate speed over air data rate of 721kbps to 2 0Mbps high power amplifier with on board ceramic RF chip antenna universal asynchronous receiver transmitter UART local and over the air RF configuration and 128 bit encryption for secure communication Bluetooth version 2 0 2 1 EDR will have pairing compatibility with Android version 2 2 and later We also examined RN42EK I RM Bluetooth module This module has similar specifications to RN41SM but class Il module One of the big advantages is that it connects directly to a PC via a standard USB interface or to embedded processors through the TTL UART interface It would have been very easy to configure debug and communicate with the module Another Bluetooth module we considered for this project was RN25S I RM This module consumes low power has status LEDs on board embedded Bluetooth stack external SMA jack or ceramic on board antenna Other features include auto connect connect on RX data transfer data up to 100M error correction for guarantied packet delivery UART SPP or HCI data connection hardware interfaces This Bluetooth version would also have been compatible with Android version 2 2 and later The RN 25 module also accepts a wide range of unregulated DC power 4Vdc to 24Vdc Technical specifications for th
19. mentioned by our requirements the motor had to be electrical and be powered by a regular wall outlet of 110 120 volts With these two main requirements our choices became very limited However 73 Page Group 3 most motors that met these requirements were very expensive over 150 but since it was also a requirement for our project to make this device as low cost as possible none of them fit the bill For that reason we had to dig deeper and find a motor that could be used for our purposes and that is fairly cheap compared to the other ones And we found such a motor With the half of a Horse Power the problem with the torque is taken care of Also the voltage that it uses is 115 Volts so that makes it possible for it to be powered by a regular wall outlet And finally the price tag of 80 sold us in this particular motor 4 7 1 Mounting the Motor The placement of the motor in the honey extractor played a big part We needed to place the motor in a place that would be the most convenient There were mainly two possible positions where we can place the motor at The first position was to mount it above the extractor and directly connect the motor shaft to the wax frame holder s axel A diagram can be found below Vat Figure 4 7 1 Motor Positioned above the Vat 74 Page Group 3 The problem with positioning the motor in this manner was that it would take up the space above the extractor which would make the loading of the frame
20. motor attached to it The motor is dangerous not only because of the mechanical power it is producing but also because of the electrical power it is using Honey contains many electrolytes 40 Page Group 3 and will conduct electricity similarly to how salt water does During construction of the extractor extreme care was taken into the routing of the AC power lines They were well insulated and placed out of the way so that accidental contact is not made The mechanical power that the honey extractor produced was also a safety concern All loose articles of clothing were removed or tucked away prior to operation This was to prevent accidental snags and keep people outside of the dangerous spinning device An example of clothing getting caught is shown in Figure 3 3 2 2 x Figure 3 3 2 2 Example of clothing caught in machinery luckily the operator was not sucked into the machine Another concern for safety was the extractor itself falling over and possibly pinning someone to the ground Spinning of the honey extractor with an unbalanced load may cause excessive vibration in the unit and create an unstable mounting position To alleviate the worry caused by this scenario the honey extractor was only operated by the buddy system meaning that no less than two people were allowed to operate the machine at a time If all of these safety precautions are taken into account then no injuries should occur during operation of the honey extractor
21. s specifications This test was performed according to the following procedure 1 Connect the outputs of the sensor to the breadboard 2 Feed the outputs through a voltage amplifier 3 From the voltage amplifier connect the wires to the microcontroller analog inputs 4 Write a code that will convert the voltage into actual weight using the formulas in the datasheet for the microcontroller 5 Write a necessary code for establishing a wireless connection between the android device and the microcontroller 6 Use the android device as a monitoring device for the current test to read the weight applied to the sensor values 7 Compare the reported values from the sensor with the actual weight applied to it Once the temperature sensor passed all of the tests above and showed positive results the next and most important test was to integrate it into the system and test it again Once the temperature sensor was mounted to the honey extractor it was connected to the development breadboard and then to the microcontroller the microcontroller communicated with an android device and reported the measured data from the sensor The temperature sensor is an analog temperature sensor The output of the temperature sensor was amplified on the breadboard and then connected to the microcontroller s analog input 102 Page Group 3 Test Description Outcome Comments The temperature sensor Do the temperatures The infrared temperature is mo
22. sensor Humidity Sensor Motor May 13 May 20 i LCD display Eagesotware Solid Works System design in Solid Works On board control panel Microcontroller Motor Controller Analog Digital converter Microcontroller E LCD display DC Power Supply AC Power suppl May 27 z Table 8 1 1 Senior Design I Milestones During the second semester the team worked on building the systems working prototype Ordering parts was the most critical milestone Without major parts the team was not able to work on preliminary testing to ensure their proper work Ordering parts was the very first milestone and was done promptly Unlike with Android software development no hardware development and testing were possible until later in the semester when parts were received Second milestone was the designing and ordering of the printed circuit board It took about four weeks to design the printed circuit board and two weeks to receive it Parts were tested on daily basis as they were received Testing took large amount of time This phase is labeled as Preliminary Testing and can be visible in Table 8 1 2 Senior Design II Milestones In this phase we needed to make sure that every part and component of the system that we received was functional before it could be integrated in the system Some parts were defective and needed reorder Once all the parts were tested successfully the team was working on int
23. the quality as it allows for the fermentation to occur The water content in honey ranges anywhere from thirteen 13 to twenty five 25 percent Honey with over nineteen 19 percent water will ferment and with seventeen 17 percent and less will not ferment if kept in proper temperature 3 The humidity sensor provides the operator essential data which will determine whether it is safe to begin extraction or not In a case with 9 Page Group 3 high humidity which will result in water content of over nineteen 19 percent the extraction process should be delayed until the humidity drops into safe levels or the humidity should be forcefully lowered by using a dehumidifier f Temperature Sensor Display g gt Ht wersenote Figure 3 2 1 1 Temperature Humidity Sensor diagram Heating Humidity Sensor Mechanism 3 2 1 1 Temperature Sensor The infrared temperature sensor comes with a handful of other useful features that make it easier to integrate into our design from an electrical perspective the pins of the sensor are shown in figure 3 2 1 1 1 The following table shows some of the features of the infrared temperature sensor that stand out the most one should note that even with features such as these the sensor does not exceed the price range allowed by our sponsor 10 Page Group 3 Features and benefits Small size Low cost Easy to integrate Factory calibrated in wide temperature range o 40
24. the system by pressing the Reverse button on the graphical user Automated Honey Extractor spinning at default speed in the counterclockwise direction 9 The application shall be able to prevent the user from rotating the device in the opposite direction unless the Stop button is pressed interface of the application Start the motor by pressing the Forward button While the motor is spinning in the clockwise direction try to press the Reverse button The motor is spinning in the clockwise direction even if the Reverse button is pressed 10 The application shall be able to prevent the user from rotating the device in the opposite direction unless the Stop button is pressed Group 3 Start the motor by pressing the Reverse button While the motor is spinning in the counterclockwise direction try to press the Forward button The motor is spinning in the counterclockwise direction even if the Forward button is pressed 92 Page 11 The application shall be able to highlight a button in red after the button was activated Press the Forward or Reverse button The button is highlighted in red 12 The application shall be Press the Stop Previously activated able to deselect button button is no longer previously activated highlighted on red button 13 User shall be able to To increase speed Rotational speed
25. the weight loss Could the weight loss ratio be calculated or does the sensor report false values i e jumps from the steady decreasing values Is the system stable while it is spinning The jumps from the steady decreasing values could be caused by system instability Work on system stability and balance should be done if that is the case Before the sensor is completely tested the system cannot rely on sensor s information when to stop the process Once the frames are rotated for a long enough time in order to verify that all of the honey is out of the frames the system is stopped Is the value reported by the sensor at its lowest throughout the entire process The weight reported by the sensor at this point of time should be at its lowest If that is not the case the sensors calibration could be off and needs recalibration or the above suggested problems could be still present in the system The weight of the empty frames along with the frame holders is measured and recorded through the weight sensor The frame holders mass is subtracted from that value Then the frames are pulled out of the system to be weighed on a different scale Do these values match If the values matched for previous tests the weight sensors calibration might be off Possible solution recalibrate the sensor Repeat the process with different sent of honeycomb frames Is this test simi
26. was not practical The Arduino Mega 2560 was a good choice because it has 3 built in hardware serial lines This would have provided more than enough capabilities to interface with the android device as well as other serial devices It also includes 16 analog in pins and 54 digital I O pins This should have been more than enough functionality for our project Also a development board could be purchased and tested on before a board was made from the schematic Table 3 2 7 5 1 shows a few different MCUs and their respective characteristics 36 Page Group 3 MCU Part Number Digit Analo Serial Other Price al g Communicati Pins Pins on PSoC 3 CY8C3244PVI 25 25 25 pins 12C Routabl 5 41 133 SPI UART e pins Arduino ATMEGA1280 54 16 4UART Easy to 16 1 Mega 16AU ICSP 1 SPI use 3 112C MSP MSP430F5659IP 74 12 SPI UART Usedin 11 8 430 Z USB class 6 IOIO PIC24FJ256GB2 52 24 4 UART 3 Android 7 81 06 I MR SPI 3 12C board USB Raspber Broadcom 17 0 12C SPI Linux 35 ry Pi BCM2835 USB Ethernet Table 3 2 7 5 1 Various Microcontroller Options 3 3 Operation of Classical Honey Extractor The operation of a classical honey extractor is a long and tedious process First the honeycombs must be extracted from the beehives Figure 3 3 1 shows this process The process includes first introducing a harmless smoke into the beehive to coerce the bees out of the hive Once th
27. 125 9 125 EE k 22 5 1 125 added on both sides Figure 4 5 1 3 Frame Holder Top amp Bottom amp Side View Side View m Cee no u 20 a ne ee 22 5 Figure 4 5 1 4 Frame Holder Top amp Bottom amp Side View 62 Page Group 3 4 5 2 Designing the Vat Although designing the vat may sound simple there were actually not that few things that had to be considered Also there were some requirements that needed to be met as well e The vat had to be made of stainless steel or any other non corroding material e The vat had to be able to fit the frame holder and have five 5 inches of free space between its outer rim and the frame holder on all sides e The vat had to have at least five 5 inches of free space below the frame holder e The vat had to have at least five 5 inches of free space above the frame holder In our initial design in order to satisfy these requirements we used a cylindrical shaped vat made of stainless steel The dimensions of the cylinder being a diameter of thirty two and a half inches 32 5 and a height of forty five inches 45 Using these proportions we accounted for the size of the frame holder the required space around the holder as well as above and below We also added filtering netting into the vat Doing that made sure that the valve that Is below would not get clogged up with wax from the frames as well as the honey would be ready to be filled direc
28. 5 3 Comparison of Bluetooth Modules Specifications Summary After close examination of all specifications and features of all three of these Bluetooth modules would have been great candidates for our project The RN25S I RM with all its features appeared to be the most desirable module to use in the project but because of its high price around 99 per unit RN41SM I RM module 45 per unit would have been given greater consideration that of RN25S I RM Since the RN42EK I RM module comes on the socket module it makes it very easy to integrate to the printed circuit board Also since it can be connected directly to a PC it makes it very convenient to communicate with The HC 06 module is inexpensive having just right set of specifications that we were Group 3 32 Page looking for this project However it s not well documented and not that easy to communicate as with RN42 module For this project we decided to pick two Bluetooth modules and see which one of them would be the best fit The two winners for our project ended up to be HC 06 and RN42 3 2 6 Display Several display technologies were considered to be used The requirements were that it must display information from the sensors That means that the unit must have at least ASCII output and room for at least 16 digits and 2 rows One row was used for displaying the type of information measured and another row was used to display the value of the measured sensor More func
29. Communication Requirements Group 3 5 Page 3 Research 3 1 Existing Similar Projects and Products 3 1 1 Other Extractors From the countless senior design projects we could not even find one project that tried to build a similar device However even though there were no similar projects there are many different extractors on the market that in principle are the same In general there are two types of extractors that dominate the market the tangential type see figure 3 1 1 1 and the radial type see figure 3 1 1 2 And since we did not want to reinvent the wheel we were going to stick with one of them 3 1 1 1 Tangential Extractors What makes an extractor tangential is the positioning of the frames inside the extractor If the frames are organized similarly to what we see in the figure below it is considered to be a tangential extractor since the frames are tangent to the circular shape of the centrifuge Due to the positioning of the frames in such a manner a problem occurs that problem is the fact that the frames need to be flipped in order to get all of the honey from the frame While this type of extractor is fairly common and effective in the amateur beekeeping world it is very impractical when the number of frames that need to be extracted exceeds four six at a time When we were designing our extractor our initial idea was to make it tangential however after some research we decided that a radia
30. Communication Technologies cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeees 28 3 2 5 Bluetooth Module ae tet cee A Fe Se oe de he 30 3 26 DIS DIA es sede eva cadectees vada cees ne cect tale test a Vale vect tude cnt eadevecttolasess tals caan ted 33 3 2 7 Micro controller Decision sspicicpcrnccotinss cedcnencndor dlnahlcade selena iad esdcatenes 33 3 3 Operation of Classical Honey Extractor ccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 37 3 3 1 Operation of Our Honey Extractor cccceccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeeees 39 3 3 2 Dangers of Honey Extraction c2c02sc ccceceneeckedscce ee ceencdendensettcceteedeetene 40 4 Project Hardware and Software DeSIQN cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenanees 42 4 1 Hardware Block Diagram 2 ceccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeecneaeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 42 4 2 Software Activity Diagram seicteigitinteattictetet ieteiettccatettecte eiatatetieteredtueie Dt 43 4 2 1 Software Development Tools cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesnaaeees 44 4 2 2 Software System Requirement ccccccceeeeeseeeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeesnaeees 44 4 2 3 Android Application Development cccceeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaeees 44 4 3 Configuring and Pairing the Bluetooth cccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeees 49 4 3 1 Integrating the Bluetooth into Circuit 2 0 0 0 eeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 52 4 4 Heating System eeecccccceeeeee
31. Fri Jul 26 2013 at 10 10 AM Draft To mlavne newhavendisplay com uOn Jul 26 2013 9 49 AM Michael LaVine lt mlavine newhavendisplay com gt wrote Hello Brandon Yes you can use the information from the datasheet Good luck with your project Regards Michael LaVine Engineering Newhaven Display International Inc 2511 Technology Drive Suite 101 Elgin 1L60124 Phone 847 844 8795 Fax 847 844 8796 www newhavendisplay com Front Brandon Parmeter mailto brandonleeparmeter gmail com Sent Thursday July 25 2013 9 26 PM To nhtech newhavendisplay com Subject School project using your display Hello am a student from the University of Central Florida am in the process of selecting items items for my senior design project am particuarly interested in your LCD display https simall google convimall w0 7ul 28lk 3242215868 Mew piS search Inbox amp meg 140 1DSOdNaaea4sdsqt 1 12 J Page Group 3 Grail Schod project using your micro controtler Gmail ty Google School project using your micro controller Brandon Parmeter lt brandonleeparmeter gmail com gt Thu Jul 25 2013 at 10 30 PM To customercare cypress com Hello am a student from the University of Central Florida am in the process of selecting items items for my senior design project am particularly interested in your Micro controller http www cypress com docID 42780 Let me know if it would be possible for me to use info
32. If the user chooses to enable the Bluetooth by pressing the Yes then the local Bluetooth is activated This feature allows the user to automatically turn on the local Bluetooth without the need of exiting the application The menu option Connect a device is accessible through the basic operating system interface on the Android device By selecting Connect a device option and having local Bluetooth activated the user is able to scan connect and pair with available Bluetooth devices in the vicinity of the phone Figure 4 2 3 3 displays this menu option Press Forward Reverse buttons to start the Honey Extractor Humidity Sensor Reading Temperature Sensor Reading Vat Heater Celsius Fahrenheit Manual Speed Control Stop 0 l Connect a device 4 2 3 3 Connect a Device Menu Option 46 Page Group 3 If the two devices have been previously paired the user is able to select from the list of previously paired devices and connect without additional scanning Figure 4 2 3 4 depicts the paired devices dialog Paired Devices linvor PARRI SA Aa R YA linvor 22 13 04 16 57 37 Other Available Devices RNBT 74AD 00 06 66 61 74 AD 4 2 3 4 The Enabling Bluetooth Dialog Once the local Bluetooth connects to the selected device a confirmation message is displayed with the name of the Bluetooth device indicating successful connection If the two devices fail to connect then Unable to connect dev
33. K API 18 Android 4 3 v Compile With API18 Android 4 3 Theme 9 Holo Light with Dark Action Bar v Q The application name is shown in the Play Store as well as in the Manage Application list in Settings 4 2 3 1 The New Android Application Project One of the greatest features that Android platform includes is support for the Bluetooth network stack This feature has allowed our Android phone to wirelessly communicate with the HC 06 Bluetooth module The application uses the Android APIs to access local Bluetooth By using Bluetooth API in our remote control application we enable it to scan for Bluetooth devices and query the local Bluetooth for a paired Bluetooth device establish point to point wireless connection without leaving the application and transfer data to and from local Bluetooth 5 The application is accessible through an icon on the Android device that has the Honey Extractor application installed onto it Upon launching the application the user is prompted to turn on the local Bluetooth if it has not been previously turned on manually by the user Figure 4 2 3 2 depicts the Bluetooth permission request dialog 45 Page Group 3 Bluetooth permission request Application requests to turn on Bluetooth Continue 4 2 3 2 The Enabling Bluetooth Dialog If the user chooses not to enable the Bluetooth no communication will be possible between the Honey Extractor and the Android device
34. NOG Laake ete ciate aed cle eee Settee hee tle ee 104 7 7 Circuit board testing tans ketone eon nn mene 109 7 8 Micro Controller Testing ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeneee 110 7 9 Human Interface Device Testing eeeeeeeeccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 111 7 9 1 Temperature Interface Test and Calibration ccccccccccceseeeeeeeees 112 7 9 2 Humidity Interface Test and Calibration ccccceeeeeceeeeeteeeeeeeees 113 7 9 3 Weight Sensor Interface Testing eeeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeees 113 7 9 4 Motor Controller Interface TeSting cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneneeeeeees 114 7 9 5 Bluetooth Interface Testing cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteneeeeeeees 114 7 10 Emergency STOP Testing sci iccceie ee ese iN a A oe ee 116 SB AGMMIStFAlVE Content mnsan asna a a 116 8 1 Project Milestones cosas cacsiccenenennudiaaicanpencnesupiadiiaepenadnedennsd aadusondsedenmielenidde 116 8 2 Budget amp FINANCING ninaa E E E A A E A 119 8 2 1 Expected Costs eeeooeeeennnneeeeeeereeetnnrtrreeerrtrtnnntneeerrrtnnnnnnrnseeeeennn 119 AA AEI E E E E AEE EE EE A E E TS 119 8 3 AOVISOTS haisin inea A IA N NA 120 8 4 Facilities and Equipment ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeas 121 Appendix A Refere S a E aaa a E AA EEA E A T EA EE AEEA A A 1 Works Cited eeeeeennnnnnneeesseennnnnnrtes
35. Name Volts Power Price Each Briskheat DHCS15 Drum Heater 120 1200 W 155 Silicon Rubber Heater 12 by 24 120 1440 W_ 109 21 Nichrome Resistive Wire W 8 20 Stove Oven Range 6 Heating Element 120 1250W 26 40 2391B Frigidaire 5308011964 P1 8 Coil 120 2100W_ 49 Element Frigidaire 316442300 Range Surface Coil 120 13 Element NEW OEM Table 4 4 2 1 Heating Elements 4 4 3 Implementing the Temperature Sensor Implementing the temperature sensor on the drum which spins to create a centrifugal force and fly the honey out of the honeycomb or on the interior side of the container or the vat was essential in our design because of the heating mechanism which was to be integrated in the apparatus The temperature inside the container was expected to be different from the surrounding environment of 57 Page Group 3 the extractor which was the reason why it was so important to read the temperature inside of the container Implementing the temperature sensor on the spinning drum would have required a wireless communication of the sensor and the microcontroller which would have brought redundancy ineffectiveness and cost inefficiency to the project Implementing the sensor on the walls of the container where it will get in contact with the honey itself was more practical to do Another option was to use an infrared temperature sensor which did not have to be placed inside the container in
36. Table of Contents 1 Executive SUIMIMIANY sie ies acc cececeiennisacce oe semecesninddtedu cede secdanimcdi subesed deneniiccesasgudle 1 By PROJOCLDESCN DU OM ast 25 resist concerts ed acl car i ce el sau tet E an eat oa 3 2 1 Motivation pio cectatince 262 5ac0d hee satdessacd spacasSet asd Neen hecienesoaoacmeoeteeeseaeest os 3 2 2 Goal amp WDISCHIVES aoa Ee ee ae tre ah ida eh dete een ahha ed 4 2 3 Requirements amp Specifications ceeeeeeceeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeees 4 2 3 1 General Requirements ceccecceececceeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeensaeeeeeeeeees 4 2 3 2 Mechanical Requirement ccccceeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeneeeeeeeeeees 5 2 3 3 Heating System Requirement cccccceeeeeeeceeecceeeeeeeeeeeseenneeeeeeeeees 5 2 3 4 Wireless Communication Requirements cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 5 Or Research Arion acanthosis car ae ia ites aeolian aia site nine 6 3 1 Existing Similar Projects and Products ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennees 6 Ol LoOIMer Extract S aa poe Stetson an bet teat oiahed bo Saul sae os 6 3 2 Relevant Technologies ceca vet ups epseaptevet yea tcteepteteual kgheag tetaeesekateeeeeteees 9 3 2 1 Temperature Humidity Sensors nsseeeeeeeeseennnrereseeererrnrrrneserrrrrrn nn 9 3 2 2 Weight Sensor sece ties indiane Mit ees Oc cies Oe st dd dated Pain di dai ia 19 32S NINO neda i a a a S 27 3 2 4 Wireless
37. W Table 3 2 1 2 4 SHT11x Power Consumption Permission granted from Sensirion Another alternative humidity sensor listed in table 3 2 1 2 3 the HH10D model is an interesting alternative The HH10D sensor module comes with a capacitive type of technology Due to this technology the sensor responds to humidity 17 Page Group 3 changes very quickly This specific sensor comes with the following special features according to sparkfun datasheet Two point calibrated with capacitor type sensor Frequency output type can be easily integrated Very low power consumption No extra components needed Below is the circuit diagram of the HH10D sensor module g Te B spa Da CDE AD S WC p Am ea A2 5 R4 Saar A OPTION o CD c3 PRI 1OuF 10aF 50k GHD S oO R2 NINSI 4 500k 3 R3 AN CTT lk Ci 5 2 2NF C2 HS SENSOR ICH755 I00NF Figure 3 2 1 2 2 Circuit Diagram of HH10D Module Permission pending from Hoperf According to hoperf datasheet in order to read out the correct humidity 4 calibration factors need to be read out from the EEPROM at address of 10 and 11 12 and 13 for sensitivity offset Once the frequency output from the sensor is measured then the correct humidity value can be calculated in the following method 18 Page Group 3 sensitivity Sens 2byte value 10 2 byte value 12 RH offset Soh sens 2 12 Table 3 2 1 2 5 Calculation of Humidity Permission
38. a serial device using a Bluetooth serial adapter The RFCOMM SPP protocol emulates serial communication over Bluetooth Before testing our Bluetooth modules we interconnected Tx and Rx pins The way it works on is as follows the data sent from the phone will be pushed to the UART_TX pin then since UART_TX and UART RX pins were shorted it was transferred to the UART_RX pin and finally the data was sent back to the phone and appeared on the screen The application required Android Version 2 1 or later which was compatible with the version on our testing phone The application was installed on the smartphone before testing 7 2 1 Bluetooth Data Transfer to Android 7 2 1 1 Phone Preliminary Testing To check data transfer between HC 06 Bluetooth module and Android phone BlueTerm was started on the phone Pins UART_CTS pin 16 and UART_RTS pin 15 were shortened for reasons described in section 4 3 3 Integrating the Bluetooth into Circuit The Bluetooth was powered up by connecting the Bluetooth with two wires to a LiPO battery Next the phone was wirelessly connected to the HC 06 and we started typing on the application s emulator Characters typed on the emulator appeared on the screen which only happens if the Bluetooth works correctly Requirement Procedure Expected Result 1 The Bluetooth shall be Type characters on Characters typed on able to transfer data to the emulator the emulator appear Android within the on
39. am has requested that the device should also be controlled remotely via an android phone It should be pointed out that this feature was beyond our customer requirements The question at hand was how to make a phone control the automated honey collector To answer this question it was important to consider several android phone capabilities One of the capabilities currently available in the android phone was Bluetooth connectivity Bluetooth technology is a wireless communications system that intended to replace the cables that used to be used to connect many different types of devices Bluetooth is now commonly 28 Page Group 3 integrated in mobile phones headsets and a wide variety of electronic equipment Bluetooth is a short range wireless technology The connection would have had to be established with a Bluetooth module on the printed circuit board PCB of the automated honey collector and the phone within a distance range of 100 meters so that devices can exchange information seamlessly Here are some advantages and disadvantages of using Bluetooth technology Advantages e Bluetooth is inexpensive technology e Bluetooth is low energy consumption technology Maximum permitted power 100 mW for the range of 100 meters e Since the technology uses radio waves the devices don t have to be in a clear line of each other e Low latency rate Small amount of data being send more quickly e Simplicity of use Disadvantages e Data
40. ame holder had to be made of stainless steel or other non corroding material e The frame holder had to fit at least eight frames at the same time 59 Page Group 3 e The frame holder had to utilize frames of the dimensions 17 75 by 9 125 e The frame holder had to be as light weight as possible e The frame holder had to be able to support the weight of eight frames full with honey approximately thirty forty pounds Having these requirements in mind we first considered a tangential design for the frame holder and we even came up with a flipping mechanism to solve one of the main problems with that design The flipping mechanism incorporated hinges on each individual frame support and depended on the centripetal forces made by the motor to do the flipping A figure of what we came up with can be found below Figure 4 5 1 1 Tangential Frame Holder The figure below shows a closer look on each of the individual frame holders And as it is seen in the diagram above we had eight of them on the frame holder Each one of the wax frames would be placed in one of these things and then spun around to extract the honey from one side then spun in the opposite direction which due to the rotational force would flip the individual frame holder and that way the honey would be extracted from the other side of the wax frame 60 Page Group 3 Figure 4 5 1 2 Individual Frame Holder However after looking at what we have achieved we realize
41. amily Bluetooth modules We configured our Bluetooth module with the microcontroller over local configuration Since the RN41 Bluetooth module has UART port it was easily configured over this port The module was connected to the computer via the RS 232 DB9 port With the Bluetooth module powered up and connected to the computer we were able to put it into command mode by launching a terminal emulator then specify the module s serial port default settings Finally to enter the command mode we typed in the terminal The command mode had to be entered within the period of 60 seconds In command mode the Bluetooth accepts ASCII bytes as commands On the emulator we were able simply type a command from a set of available commands to configure the module The serial port default settings such as baud rate parity bit 1 stop bit data bits and hardware flow control were set at this point The system was rebooted after configuration so that the settings take the effect After reboot all the settings have taken the effect and persisted on the module until we have reconfigured or reset the module Figure 4 3 1 demonstrates data and command modes of the RN41 Bluetooth module 4 Figure 4 3 1 Data and Command Modes of the Bluetooth Module Pairing the HC 06 Bluetooth module with the smartphone was also a very simple process The Bluetooth is slave by default When the Android phone discovered the HC 06 Bluetooth it displayed its name and the MAC
42. android device and reported the measured data from the sensor The humidity sensor is an analog humidity sensor The output of the humidity sensor should be amplified on the breadboard and then connected to the microcontrollers analog input if an amplifier is necessary however it was not similarly as described in the previous test Read the values from the android device Measure the humidity sensor with a different humidity meter Test Description Outcome Comments Mount the humidity Do the humidity levels Testing the humidity sensor to the honey match inside the system should extractor Connect it be any different from as testing it alone Make sure the sensor maintains its accuracy throughout a long period of time Table 7 6 4 1 Humidity Sensor Final Testing Procedure Once all the steps of the testing were done the sensor were compared to the following graph below Figure 7 6 4 4 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Relative Humidity RH Figure 7 6 4 5 Humidity Sensor Performance Permission granted from Sensirion Group 3 108 Page Comment P GND Ground 2 AT serei Da eet Serial Clock Lhaa only a v0 fosca Figure 7 6 4 6 Pins of the Humidity Sensor Permission granted from Sensirion 7 6 4 1 Calibrating the Humidity Sensor Tricks can be done to reach near 0 and 100 humidity at home or lab environment 1 To do this the following things were needed
43. ations were checked and appeared to be correct and no pairing still occured then the module would have had to be replaced In case if the device was able to pair but was unable to transfer characters to the screen we would have checked the loopback pins connection and whether the correct pins were shorted 7 2 2 Data Transfer between Android and Development Board over Bluetooth Preliminary Testing After the data transfer testing over Android and Bluetooth was successful we continued by connecting the microcontroller unit and tested the Bluetooth on the development board To test data transfer between from the microcontroller to Android we transmitted temperature sensor data The temperature sensor was connected to the development board and tested before we began the microcontroller data transfer to Android over the Bluetooth testing To test data 89 Page Group 3 transfer from Android to the microcontroller we connected an LCD display to the microcontroller that displayed the data received on the UART_RX pin of the microcontroller Test No Requirement Procedure Expected Result 1 The Bluetooth shall be Record the The data read from able to transfer data temperature applied the temperature from microcontroller to to the temperature sensor appears on Android sensor Android s emulator Verify appeared temperature with the recorded temperature 2 The Bluetooth shall be Type characters on Charac
44. be controller using the microcontroller it was possible to vary the frequency of the alternating current entering the motor Figure 4 6 7 1 is shown as a 3 phase system Input Converter DC Bus Output Inverter Diode Bridge Filter IGBT s LLCO Wi Figure 4 6 7 1 High level Variable Frequency Drive Motor Controller Diagram 72 Page Group 3 The microcontroller interface to the motor controller was to be either another rs232 connection or possibly a direct connect for the H bridge used to modulate the signal This connection will consist of a pin to select the direction of rotation of the motor and another pin to select the frequency of the motor connection Switch with pull down resistor 5 V SWITCH r 100 ohm digital INPUT pin r 10k ohm Switch with pull up resistor r 10k ohm r 100 ohm digital INPUT pin SWITCH Figure 4 6 7 2 pull up or pull down 4 7 The Motor One of our project s requirements was to have an electric motor that will create the centrifugal force in order to extract the honey from the wax frames However not just any motor would have worked in this situation The motor we needed was a motor with enough torque to rotate at least eight frames full with honey later we changed that to fifteen frames and on top of that the metal assembly that was holding the wax frames which by our estimations added up to forty fifty kilograms at about 300RPM Also as
45. ce Previous experience in construction of robotic platforms as well as sensor interface from various types of sensors e Jonathan Mohlenhoff MS in Electrical Engineering Expert in microcontroller programming Well versed in several micro controllers including Cypress programmable system in chip family e Sergey Retinskiy assisted the team with welding the mechanical parts e The Robotics Club at UCF provided facilities and tools which were used to build the project Also provided minor parts that were implemented in the project 120 Page Group 3 8 4 Facilities and Equipment Building and assembling the honey extractor required special facilities and equipment as well as qualified personnel for some parts of the construction process Open spaced facilities with appropriate ventilation and safety requirements were used Some of the most important pieces of equipment that were used in the project construction were e Portable welding station along with the welding materials e Welding mask e Grinder e Machines designed for bending metals e Machine designed for cutting metals The welding station was mainly used to weld the rods to the axle and for other mechanical parts such as the frame holder and the vat Most of the welding and other mechanical work was done in privately owned facility with privately owned equipment Welding work was done by several certified welders who also assisted the team and gave advice Another facility o
46. cost efficient in regard to the actual element cost not power consumption since coils and plates are well spread However the major problem would have been actually installing the coil or the plate as well as the fact that it would take some time for the vat to heat up from bottom to top thus slowing the whole extraction process The problem with installing the coil or the heating plate under the vat consisted in that on the bottom of the vat we needed to have a draining valve as well as the draining container which leaves little room for the heating element Therefore either we needed to come up with a way to install the coil or the heating plate without getting in the way of the container and the valve and find a way to decrease the heating time or we needed to use another method to heat the vat 55 Page Group 3 Figure 4 4 1 1 Coil or Heating Plate Diagram 4 4 2 Flexible Heating Elements The second method of heating the vet that was considered for our project was using flexible heating elements such as flexible coils or silicon rubber heaters This method was probably the most convenient method to heat up the vat since the vat would be wrapped with the flexible heating element thus increasing the rate at which the vat would heat up see figure 3 also because it is fairly easy to find space around the vat to install the heating element By installing drum heaters around the vat the vat would be fairly quickly heated up and rea
47. cuitry additions used in order to be able to convert the capacitance changes to the actual humidity changes 2 The first one is called a capacitance to frequency conversion circuit as shown in Figure 7 6 4 2 below Fout Figure 7 6 4 3 Capacitance to Frequency Circuit Permission granted from Digi Key For the above capacitance to frequency circuit a 555 timer was used It was a simple integrated circuit device and is very small in size source Once this circuit was applied a small program for the microcontroller was written to count the frequency changes and output the relative humidity percentage measured by the sensor 106 Page Group 3 The second method to derive the relative humidity measurements was convert the capacitance changes from the sensor to voltage differences This was generated by two 555 timers source Figure 7 6 4 4 below shows the circuit k 9 gt R 1j E 5 L x M x Ea Vo 100a RI i LM2904 13019 i Los T tof T O18 i A Figure 7 6 4 4 High Accuracy Capacitance to Voltage Circuit Permission granted from Digi Key After the sensor passes the third step most likely the unit was functional and was not a defective one The idea of the second test was to perform a precise test verify the measured values correspondence with the actual humidity levels within a degree of error according to the sensor s specifications This test was performed according to
48. d a replacement However instead of getting another RN 42 the team decided to utilize a HC 06 Bluetooth module in the project The HC 06 Bluetooth has four pins VCC GND Tx and Rx It was powered up by 5V regulated power input into the VDD pin GND pin was grounded the Tx pin was connected to the Rx pin on the microcontroller With the Bluetooth s simple pin configuration it was very easy for us to integrate this Bluetooth module into our printed circuit board The Bluetooth pin layout is presented in Figure 4 3 1 2 53 Page Group 3 ECM LV BCM_LV UART_TED UART_RED PIOIO CTS PIOS RTS PIOS PCM_CLK PIO PCM_OUT PIO6 PCM_IN PIOS PCM_S NC PIO4 AIOO PIO3 A101 PIO2 RESET PIOL 33V PIOO GND 10K O zZ 4 3 1 2 Bluetooth HC 06 Pin Configuration 4 4 Heating System One of our requirements for this honey extractor was to have a heating system that was to heat the vat of the extractor in order to increase the flow of the honey thus decrease the extraction time In order to satisfy this objective we could have uses several heating methods Deciding which particular method to use was one of the most challenging tasks while considering cost heating ability and ease of use The heating system was to include a temperature sensor see Temperature Sensor section for more details and heating elements The temperature sensor and the heating elements were to be both connected to the MCU The temperature senso
49. d specifications will be listed To simplify this section the project requirements and specifications will be split into several categories The categories are General Requirements Table 2 3 1 Mechanical Requirements Table 2 3 2 Heating System Requirements Table 2 3 3 and Wireless Communication Requirements Table 2 3 4 2 3 1 General Requirements Requirement Description AHE GRO1_ The extractor shall extract honey AHE GR02 The extractor shall have a heating system AHE GR03 The extractor shall have an onboard controller AHE GR04 The extractor shall be able to be operated wirelessly AHE GR05 The extractor shall be powered by a standard wall outlet s AHE GRO6_ The extractor shall be User Friendly AHE GRO7_ The extractor shall have a stainless steel vat AHE GR08 The extractor shall have a humidity sensor AHE GR09 The extractor shall not damage the wax frames too much AHE GR10 The extractor shall cost no more than 1000 AHE GR11 The extractor shall have a weight sensor Table 2 3 1 General Requirements Optional Not Required 4 Page Group 3 2 3 2 Mechanical Requirements Requirement Description AHE MR0O1_ The extractor shall support at least eight 8 frames AHE MR0O2_ The extractor shall have a vat of at least ten 10 gallons AHE MR03 The extractor shall be driven by an electric motor AHE MR04 The extractor shal
50. d that using a tangential design for the frame holder is just too inconvenient To utilize eight frames at the same time the size of the frame holder becomes too bulky and heavy with the dimensions of the wax frames being seventeen inches and three quarters 17 75 by nine inches and an eighth 9 125 So we decided to start from scratch and design a frame holder that utilizes the radial design instead of the tangential in order to save up some space and also decrease the weight of the entire extractor And as a result also save some money on materials As you can see by comparing the figures above with the figures below the amount of materials being used in the one below is much less which makes the frame holder a lot lighter in mass Also even though it looks simple it completes all of the requirements and if the future owned of the device decides that he needs to fit two times more wax frames into the extractor it could be done with a minor modification to this existing frame holder In addition it uses fewer components and is more solid since there are no moving parts in the holder unlike the previous version of the frame holder that we designed In the end we made the frame holder similar to the figure figure 4 5 1 3 however it held fifteen frames at a time and instead of it being a four segmented as shown in figure 4 5 1 3 it turned out to be a three segmented frame holder 61 Page Group 3 Top amp Bottom View 9
51. droid device as a monitoring device for the current test to read the weight applied to the sensor values 7 Compare the reported values from the sensor with the actual weight applied to it Once the weight sensor passed all the tests and showed positive results the next and most important test would have been to integrate it into the system and test it again Once the weight sensor was to be mounted into the honey extractor it would have been connected to the development breadboard and then to the microcontroller the microcontroller would have communicated with an android device and reported the measured data from the sensor The weight sensor is an analog weight sensor The output of the weight sensor should have been amplified on the breadboard and then connected to the microcontroller s analog input Test Description Outcome Comments The weight sensor is Does the weight of the If the weight does not mounted or frames match match was the frame implemented into the holder weighed correctly system The honeycomb before inserting it to the frames full of honey are extractor Does the weighed before they are frame holder have inserted into the support from the body of extractor The weight is the extractor that directly read from the sensor affects its weight through an android measured by the device sensor 100 Page Group 3 The extractor is on the frames are spinning Does the weight sensor register
52. duce a weight measurement Most load cells consist of an array of four resistors connected together in a Wheatstone bridge When a force is applied on the load cell the resistors incorporated are designed to flex and change with weight The response of the load cell generally requires an instrumentation amplifier in order to operate 4 Red Excitation R5 4 Green Signal R6 Black Excitation i white Signal l 1_1 lt Shield yellow Not connected at block of load cell Figure 4 6 3 1 Load Cell Generic Schematic Wheatstone bridge 68 Page Group 3 Die Attach Polymer Adhesive Applied Pressure Figure 4 6 3 2 Pressure Sensor Generic Diagram Instrumentation amplifiers are a type of differential amplifier This means that they have input buffers in order to eliminate the need for impedance matching Instrumentation amplifiers also have very low DC offset low drift low noise very high open loop gain very high common mode rejection ratio This means that very small signals can be accurately measured such as those produced by a load cell Figure 4 6 3 3 Instrumentation amplifier generic schematic 69 Page Group 3 Wa V Rui Figure 4 6 3 4 Equation for Generic Instrument Amplifier Vout j 1 25 Hs Figure 4 6 3 3 depicts a generic schematic for the instrumentation amplifier while figure 4 6 3 4 is the equation for the generic instrument amplifier 4 6 4 Blu
53. dy for use while the bottom of the vat is still available for other parts to be added there However because of its convenience and easy use the price of a flexible heating element rises exponentially While using a hot plate or a coil as that of a stove or range the cost would be around thirty dollars for components using a flexible heating element would cost over one hundred dollars Overall this method of heating was more advantageous compared to other methods the only problem that occurred was the cost of the element 56 Page Group 3 The spirals going around the vat are the flexible heating elements Drum Heater Figure 4 4 2 1 Heating Vat using Flexible Heating Elements However even after deciding that we want to use a flexible heating element in our project deciding which particular one was a challenge on its own our choices were either a drum heater a silicon rubber heater or apecolator heating element After some research an alternative for the more expensive flexible heating elements was also found Nichrome Resistive Wires If we were able to effectively use the Nichrome wires as a flexible heating element we would have been able to reduce the cost considerably When choosing the right part the temperature range the physical proportions and the cost were considered A general table of the parts considered can be found below In the end we ended up using silicon rubber heating strips
54. e Bluetooth RN25S I RM module described in Table 3 2 5 3 Last Bluetooth module that we examined was HC 06 It is a Chinese part and it s not very well documented Some of its specification that we were able to gather include Bluetooth version is 2 1_EDR and it is forward compatible with later Bluetooth versions data rate 2 1 Mbps supplied voltage 3 3 5 volts The module sits on the base board and it has four onboard pins GND VCC Tx Rx Such configuration made it very easy to integrate the module to the printed circuit board 31 Page Group 3 Bluetooth RN41SM RN42EK RN25S HC 06 Bluetooth 2 1 EDR 2 1 EDR 2 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 2 14EDR Version 2 0 1 2 1 1 2 0 1 2 1 1 and v2 0 EDR g Frequency 2 412 2 484 2 412 2 484 2 402 to 2 480 2 4 2 48 band GHz GHz GHz GHz Operating 40C to 85C 40Cto 85C 40Cto 85c 20 to temperature 75C Bluetooth Class Class II Class Class II Onboard stack Onboard stack 300Kbps 300Kbps HCI mode HCI mode Data rate 1 5Mbps 1 5Mbps Up to 300Kbps 2 1Mbps sustained sustained 3Mbps burst 3Mbps burst Supplied 3V 36V 3Vv 36ev 5V 3 3 5V voltage Power Output 16dBm 16dBm 12dBm Sensitivity 80dBm 80dBm 80dBm 84dBm Current 35mA 35mA 35mA Receiving Current Transmitting 65mA 65mA 65mA 50mA Data Interface Pads for Pins Pads for Pins fie Through Pins Antenna On Board On Board On Board On Board Price 45 45 99 8 90 Table 3 2
55. e any tests all sensors had to be verified for functionality through monitoring output changes in either voltage resistance or current according to a specific sensor A diagram of the general sensor testing ideology can be found in the figure 7 6 1 1 Is the sensor working Simple tests to check functionality No responce D fi Tests to verify advertised Defective specs Poor Performs as performance advertised Consider an Implement and alternative sensor test again Figure 7 6 1 1 General Sensor Testing Ideology 98 Page Group 3 7 6 2 Weight Sensor Test This test was never completed due to the fact that a weight sensor was never implemented however if it had been implemented the following steps would have been taken Before the weight sensor were to be implemented into the entire design first it would have had to pass a series of standalone tests as described in the general sensor testing ideology section Before going through serious tests first the weigh sensor would have had to pass a simple test which checks if the sensor is functional or not The idea of this test is as follows 1 Connect the sensor outputs to a voltage amplifier 2 Connect a voltage meter from the voltage amplifier 3 Apply some weight to the weight sensor 4 The resistance should decrease as more weight is applied or voltage should change accordingly If the sensor were to pass the above third st
56. e been done again with the new motor 7 4 2 Intermediate Testing After the motor has passed the initial testing it was connected to the Speed Control Unit and to the MCU however it was not be mounted onto the extractor yet This testing includes a e Check connection between motor and power supply e Check connection between MCU and motor e Check if the Manual Speed Control Unit is able to control the speed of motor Check if the motor can be controlled wirelessly Check lowest RPM of motor Check highest safe RPM of motor Check the autonomous motor controlling sequence The motor was not mounted onto the extractor until all these checks produced positive results 7 4 3 Final Testing After passing both the initial and the intermediate testing the motor was mounted onto the extractor in its appropriate position and after testing all systems that involve the motor we observed how the extractor behaved we decided that the motor will stay in that position however had it not behaved the way we wanted it to it would have been mounted in a different manner depending on how stable the extractor was Refer to Mounting the Motor section for more details Also after deciding the exact positioning of the motor we assembled the entire extractor and tested at which motor speed the honey was extracted the most efficiently and for how long the motor needed to be spinning in order to extract the honey The obtained data went into
57. e bees are removed from the hive the honey combs can be extracted This is a dangerous process due to the close interaction with the bees and the smoke causing temporary loss of vision To combat these dangers beekeepers wear protective bee suits so that they do not come in contact with the bees directly Group 3 Figure 3 3 1 Extracting honey combs from beehives 37 Page After the honeycombs are extracted from the hives the next step is to uncap the honeycombs Throughout the years a standard honeycomb size has been developed and is constructed from wood The wooden frames allow the bees to create honeycombs from their natural wax The reason why bees create honeycombs is to allow for food storage for young bees during fruitless months The bees create caps on the honeycombs to seal in the honey for use later During the extraction process these caps must be removed to allow the honey to escape This process called uncapping is shown in figure 3 3 2 A knife is used to scrape off the sealing units for the honeycombs and the honey is exposed Figure 3 3 2 Uncapping honey After the honeycomb is uncapped it is put into an old fashioned honey extractor The old style honey extractor uses a hand crank connected to the frame holders to spin the honey out of the frames The frames are spun until the operator feels that they are empty He then removes the frames and puts them back into the bee hives so that the bees can fill them with ho
58. e rest of the pins on the module were used for data transmission Pins 7 8 9 and 10 were unused because the data transmitted across was in a 4 bit format The rest of the pins 11 12 13 and 14 were 4 bits used to send data to the module via a parallel interface 71 Page Group 3 4 6 6 Human Interface Device Also contained in the display module was a human interface device This device was simply a couple of touch buttons The buttons were connected to the micro controller via pull up or pull down resistors figure 4 6 7 1 More complex circuitry was not necessary The functionality of the human interface device was limited to only button presses These buttons selected which sensor will be displayed as well as cycle through values for motor speed and temperature sensing 4 6 7 Motor Controller Interfacing An alternating current motor was used to spin the frame holder with the honeycombs in order to extract the honey As discussed earlier in the paper a Variable frequency drive motor controller was used to control the motor This motor controller acted as a way to control the motor by varying the frequency of the alternating current connected to it According to figure 4 6 7 1 first 3 phase power enters the controller and is converted to a direct current by means of a rectifier diode bridge The direct current bridge is then switched using high power transistors to mimic an Alternating current Because these transistors are going to
59. e the temperature between Celsius and Fahrenheit by utilizing two radio buttons 47 Page Group 3 On the bottom of the GUI a manual speed controller is available to the user With the help of an interactive slider the user is able to vary the speed of the motor manually The interactive slider makes it possible to select a value from discrete range of values by moving the slider thumb The slider does not only provide a variable speed but it also allows for the rotation of the motor in both forward and reverse directions The user can minimize the application by pressing the Back button while staying connected to the device To maximize the application the user may simply click on the application icon To exit the application the user should press the Home button Both buttons are accessible through the basic operating system interface on the Android device Figure 4 2 3 5 depicts actual graphical user interface when the connection with Bluetooth has been established Cdl 16 11 Press Forward Reverse buttons to start the Honey Extractor Humidity Sensor Reading Temperature Sensor Reading Vat Heater Celsius _ Fahrenheit Manual Speed Control Stop 0 4 2 3 5 Graphical User Interface Figure 4 2 3 6 depicts application s class diagram It took us tree classes and over one thousand lines of code to develop the application not including XML files The following will describe the purpose of each class from left to r
60. e whole weight of the honey extracting apparatus because the viscous honey takes time to flow out of the container Instead the weight sensor must measure only the weight of the honeycomb frames and in order to achieve this we must have had to place the weight sensor on the bottom of the frame holder along with its axis in other words we have to measure the weight of the spinning part separately from the other parts Refer to figure 4 8 1 and figure 4 8 2 for clarification Figure 4 8 1 The Spinning Frame Holder Alone 76 Page Group 3 Another approach would have been placing the sensor on the top as shown in figure 4 8 2 In this approach the bottom of the axis must not be supported by the container or the vat in order for the weight differential to be detected by the sensor when the honeycomb frames are placed inside the holder The above two approaches are fairly difficult to achieve from a mechanical point of view and as a backup plan we had to consider weighing the whole apparatus approach which is not be as desirable as the above two approaches but would have been easier to achieve and which is why this approach was our back up plan in the case we decided to use a weight sensor Currently there are many types of force and weight sensors available in the market that could have been used in our project Through the process of elimination and research we have come up with a list of sensors that fitted our needs Table 3 2 2 2 and
61. ecay R is resistance in units of Ohms C is capacitance in units of Farads t is time in units of seconds and V is voltage in units of volts 7 9 3 Weight Sensor Interface Testing This test never occurred however if had implemented a weight sensor its interface testing would have been done in the following manner The weight sensor chosen consisted of a Wheatstone bridge The best way to test resistivity on the Wheatstone bridge would have been to use an instrumentation amplifier The instrumentation amplifier would have been preferred over other amplifiers because of the high input impedance This high impedance measurement would have insured that the measuring device doesn t interfere with the resistive Wheatstone bridge The Wheatstone bridge would have been implemented using the PSoC s integrated Operational Amplifiers Off chip resistors would have been used to tune the amplifiers to a reasonable gain The signal would then have been sent to a high resolution analog to digital converter where the signal is digitized The signal would then have been read and calibrated using measured values for actual weight and measured response values These values would have been fit to a linear model of the sensor s response 113 Page Group 3 7 9 4 Motor Controller Interface Testing The motor controller was a variable frequency drive motor controller This motor controller was only for alternating current motors because it uses digital s
62. ectrical Characteristics FMT Supply Voltage 10Vdc 1 5mV V Zero Offset 5 F S Input Impedance 7000 Output Impedance 7000 Insulation under 50Vdc 2100MQ Table 3 2 2 3 Parameters of the Donut Shaped Weight Sensor Permission granted from Meas Spec 26 Page Group 3 3 2 3 Valve The valve in the honey extractor was another important part of the entire project Without the use of a valve there would be no honey flow control The idea of the valve was to open it once the honey was configured filtered through a screening filter and collected at the bottom of the vat Looking at a variety of valves available on the market a conclusion has been made to use a knife gate type of valve Figure 3 2 3 1 or a specially designed valve for honey flow The construction of these knifes allows for fast flow of viscous fluids such as honey A regular valve used for water and less viscous fluids will not be a good choice because it will greatly reduce the rate of honey flow and also may get clogged over time Both the knife gate type valve and the specially designed valve for honey should perform the same Initially we had the idea to implement an electronic valve typical in water flow applications to be controlled using the on board buttons or wirelessly with an android device but electronic valves have many disadvantages and were most likely not to be used in the project The disadvantages are e Small diameters e Easily clogged by visco
63. edure Expected Result Group 3 94 Page 1 Graphical user interface operation verification Make sure all the GUI features function properly by navigating around the application No misleading buttons user control selections applied in the application 2 Good system availability Perform steps listed At any point of run and performance in Table 7 4 2 time system s responses shall take no longer than 10 seconds 3 Compatibility with at Download the The system is up and least one version of application on a f on the device Android Operating device running System OS version Android version 4 0 3 4 0 3 or later OS or later 4 Operational longevity Have the system up and running for at least 6 hours The system controls shall be functional during operational time The system shall not crash or shut itself down abruptly at any time Table 7 3 2 Software Non Functional Requirements Test Procedures Figure 7 3 1 Hardware Utilized for Preliminary Testing of the Application Group 3 95 Page 7 4 Testing the Motor 7 4 1 Initial Testing After the purchase of the motor the motor was first tested for basic functionality It was plugged into a regular wall outlet to see if it turned on After it did work it was then connected to other parts of the project If it were to not work it would have been replaced and this test would hav
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66. egrating the parts into the system On the Android development side the functionality of all the controls was tested on available to the developer hardware By the time the whole system was assembled the Android application was fully tested and 117 Page Group 3 functional Android and microcontroller developers worked closely together to develop seamless communication between the two devices When Android development and microcontroller software were completed and all the parts were received and integrated into the system the testing phase begun Testing was a Crucial part of system development During that period of time some problems occurred Some parts required reorder and replacement The team worked around the hours to resolve the issues All issues were resolved and the team was able to present the working prototype to the committee on the designated day successfully Table 8 1 2 depicts critical milestones and allocated time for their completion during the second semester Senior Design Il Fall 2013 Aug 27 Sep 03 Sep 10 Sep 17 Sep 24 Oct 01 Oct 08 Oct 15 Oct 22 Oct 29 Nov 05 Nov 12 Nov 19 Nov 26 Bluetooth Weight sensor LCD display On board control panel Microcontroller DC Power Supply AC Power supply Motor Controller Driver Modules Honey Etractor Barel Honey Extractor Frames Holder Bluetooth Temperature sensor Humidit
67. ement an instrumentation amplifier in Cypress PSoC Creator 2 2 The resistors were off board and consisted of surface mount devices On the output of the instrumentation amplifier there was an Analog to digital converter to convert the analog signal to a digital signal The signal was then read by the microcontroller and processed to display the temperature Other modules could have been easily implemented into the PSoC Another example of this is the LED driver The driver was simply dragged and dropped into the Top Design section of the PSoC programmer The wires were then connected to the appropriate pin as shown previously Another interesting feature that could have been used is the PSoC s CapSense module This module is meant to interface with capacitive touch buttons It has built in capacitive measuring capabilities and the idea was that it was to interface with the humidity sensor however that did not work out as planned 34 Page Group 3 ii 2 Out_Pos D Ins_amp_out fo Out_Neg GA 2 R3 R4 Figure 3 2 7 1 2 Implementation of an Instrumentation in a PSoC 3 chip Compiled using PSoC Creator 2 2 3 2 7 2 Raspberry Pi Discussion Another choice for a microcontroller was the Raspberry Pi This choice was good because a board is already laid out and standard connectors are used UBS connectors RJ 45 Ethernet port HDMI port Also A Linux build could have been incorporated into the project and might have allowed for a smo
68. ep most likely the unit is functional and is not a defective one If the FMT donut shaped weight sensor were to be acquired the connections are shown below in Figure 7 6 2 1 Wiring Schematic gA Signal Green e J Excit Black Signal White Body Shield Figure 7 6 2 1 Wiring Schematic of FMT Sensor Permission granted from Meas spec 99 Page Group 3 As can be observed from the above figure the FMT sensor operates using the Wheatstone bridge principle The wires numbered 4 and 2 figure 7 6 2 1 the signal wires are the ones that will be connected to the microcontroller Wires 1 and 2 are just excitation inputs necessary for the signal voltage differences to occur when weight is applied or removed from the sensor The idea of the second test would have been to perform a precise test verify the measured values correspondence with the actual weight within a degree of error according to the sensor s specifications This test would have been performed according to the following procedure 1 Connect the outputs of the sensor to the breadboard 2 Feed the outputs through a voltage amplifier 3 From the voltage amplifier connect the wires to the microcontroller analog inputs 4 Write a code that will convert the voltage into actual weight using the formulas in the datasheet 5 Write necessary code for establishing a wireless connection between the android device and the microcontroller 6 Use the an
69. er With Wi Fi technology this would not have been possible These two major aspects played a crucial role in selecting between the two technologies Since there were no security concerns present and no large amounts of data were to be transmitted via established communication link between the two devices the Bluetooth technology appeared to be the most suitable technology for this project 3 2 5 Bluetooth Module There are three classes of Bluetooth modules Each class has a different effective range of coverage and power consumption The differences between the three Bluetooth classes are represented in Table 3 2 5 1 Bluetooth Power Class Maximum Output Power Operating Range m Class 100 mW 20dBm 100 Class Il 2 5 mW 4dBm 10 Class III 1 mW 0dBm 1 Table 3 2 5 1 Bluetooth Transmitter Power Classes The market has great variety of Bluetooth modules with great range of specifications and features We are going to closely examine a few of them Here is the list of features that the Bluetooth module should have possessed in order to be considered for our project good operating temperature range onboard embedded Bluetooth stack should support Bluetooth data link to an android device high data rate low power consumption on board antenna 30 Page Group 3 One of the Bluetooth modules we examined for this project was RN41SM I RM designed by Roving Networks This is fully certified Class 1 due to its range
70. erature Driver Sensor Heating Coil Figure 5 2 1 Heating System Control Loop 84 Page Group 3 5 3 The Wireless Communication System The wireless communication basically consisted of two bluetooth trancievers One tranceiver was installed on the adroid device and the second was installed on the MCU The wireless communication system was used to send both data and commands to and from the android device It was used to control the motor system and the heating system All in all it will be the bridge from the adroid system to all of the other systems as seen in the figure below Heating System Wireless Android System Communication Weighing System System Motor System Figure 5 3 1 Wireless Communication System Hiararchy As you can see this hierarchy includes a weighing system This system would have been connected it the manner shown however this system was not added to project due to costs associated with implementing it both financial and other In its place once could add the humidity sensor however that is hardly a system therefore it was not added 5 4 The Android System The andoid sytem is composed of basically an android phone However what makes this a system is the software that will be installed on the android device The application written for the adroid device will have a GUI that will show the temperature and the humidity data in real time Also through the application the user will be able to fully contro
71. es TextView stateEnabledboolean stop void mThrottleValue int taddress String mHandlerBT Handler MSerlalService BlvetoothSerlalService inputManager InputMethodManager 3 3 MESSAGE STATE CHANGE MESSAGE READ MESSAGE DEVICE NAME MESSAGE TOAST DEVICE_NAME TOAST REQUEST CONNECT DEVICEint REQUEST ENABLE BT BeeActivity getConnectionState int sendibyte void onActivityResult int int intent void Options Menu Menu boolean sltemSelected Menultem boolean dle void setUpViews void sendMessage void 4 2 3 6 Application Class Diagram 4 3 Configuring and Pairing the Bluetooth Pairing the RN42 Bluetooth module with the smartphone is a very straight forward process The Bluetooth comes with dipswitches that set the module in various configurations The Bluetooth is considered to be a slave and smartphone is the master Before proceeding to pairing we need to power up the Bluetooth This can be done by connecting the Bluetooth with two wires to a LiPO battery or by connecting the 49 Page Group 3 module directly to the PC via mini to USB cable The procedure can be described in tree steps 1 Usually On the Bluetooth set the dipswitch to be in slave mode Automatic discovery is available only in salve mode The Bluetooth will be set in slave mode by setting switches as shown in Figure 4 3 1 In this phase the module will broadcast its name
72. es back into hives Figure 3 3 1 Flow Chart for Operation of Honey Extractor Group 3 39 Page 3 3 2 Dangers of Honey Extraction One of the many dangers of honey extraction is the contact between the operator and the bees Bees have stingers which contain an apitoxin The apitoxin is mostly comprised to melittin and other histamines Some humans may be allergic to these histamines and may develop an allergic reaction requiring immediate medical attention If treatment is not carried out soon enough an anaphylactic shock may occur If this happens the best way to seek treatment is through the injection of an EpiPen Honey bees contain barbs on their stingers so the stinger may remain in contact with the skin even after the bee has flown away 3 3 2 1 Usually if this happens the bee will die shortly after When the bee dies it releases a pheromone that will attract more bees These bees have entered a heightened hive mentality and will sting anything they see as a threat The best way to escape these bees is simply to run in one direction until the bees become too far from their hive The bees are aware of where their hive is at all times and will not leave the vicinity of their hive Once you are outside the hive s zone of control you will be safe Figure 2 3 2 1 Stinger Stuck in the Skin after a Bee Sting Another Risk of honey extraction is the honey extractor itself The honey extractor has a half horsepower alternating current
73. etooth Interface Android Interface Android devices are revolutionizing the way people think about computers and engineering Bluetooth is a wireless communication protocol that allows various devices to connect to one another through thin air Most android devices contain built in Bluetooth modules allowing for seamless integration to devices such as wireless headsets For this project a Roving Networks RN41 Class 1 Bluetooth module was first selected to create an android interface Details on this module were discussed earlier in the paper This module communicates to the micro controller via an integrated UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter This creates and easy interface system and should easily connect to any microcontroller This module allows for data rates of up 240Kbits per second for slave mode and 300kbits per second of master mode Connection from the Bluetooth module the micro controller was supposed to happen via RS232 protocol The connections were to be made coincident figure 4 6 4 1 The custom built circuit board will facilitate the connections and contain the module 1 1 TXD2 2 RXD 3 3 RXD RTS 4 4RTS CTS 5 L_ crs 6 6 7 7 8 8 SG 9 m 9 S Figure 4 6 4 1 RS232 Connection However after having some problems with that particular Bluetooth module we ended using a HC 06 module which was similarly interfaced 70 Page Group 3 4 6 5 Display Interface In case a Blue
74. everse button will rotate the motor in the counterclockwise direction Figure 4 2 1 portrays the application s entire activity diagram Figure 4 2 1 Android Software Activity Diagram 43 Page Group 3 4 2 1 Software Development Tools There are a lot of free extensible build tools that are available to the developers today for the android application development One of these tools is the Android software development kit SDK The Android SDK provides developers with the application programming interface API libraries debugger a handset emulator documentation and sample code All these tools aim the developers to build test and debug great applications for Android The Android SDK is free open source and runs on major operating systems platforms Eclipse integrated development environment IDE is used hand in hand with the Android SDK Java is the primary android development language but other languages might be used for the development as well Since Java is mature and well documented programming language it was given preference 4 2 2 Software System Requirements Over the past decade Android has matured and evolved into an extremely reliable Linux based embedded operating system platform One of the greatest advantages choosing developing an Android application was that Java and Eclipse IDE are free tools and are available in both 32 bit and 64 bit versions on the three primary operation systems in use today In this pr
75. f the honey in our case the sensor could be sealed in a metal or plastic material Wires would also get in contact with the honey which brings another con to this option To see some of the temperature sensors we have considered using in this option refer to table 3 2 1 1 1 for comparison Infrared temperature sensor was the easiest to implement among the three options from a mechanical perspective The advantages over the two options are it is always stationary it is wired to the microcontroller unit and it is not inside the container and does not need to be in contact with the honey To see some of the infrared temperature sensors we have considered using in this option refer to table 3 2 1 1 2 58 Page Group 3 Figure 4 4 3 1 Temperature Sensor inside the Barrel 4 4 4 Powering the Heating System The heating system in our project is one of the most power demanding systems other than the motor To power the system we implemented AC voltage The other parts of the heating system such as the temperature sensor and the MCU are powered using an AC to twelve volt DC inverter 4 5 Designing the Mechanical Components A good amount of our project consisted of mechanical parts such as the vat and the frame holder and designing those mechanical parts was also one of this group s responsibilities 4 5 1 Designing the Frame Holder When we were designing the frame holder we had a few requirements that needed to be met e The fr
76. figured as open drain NMOS VDD External supply voltage VSS Ground The metal can is also connected to this pin Table 3 2 1 1 3 Pin Description Permission granted from Melexis 13 Page Group 3 Below is a table 3 2 1 1 4 of absolute maximum ratings of the MLX infrared temperature sensor This table shows the voltage supply and current ratings temperature at which the sensor operates etc The table will come handy when testing the sensor Parameter MLX90614ESF Axx MLX90614ESF Bxx MLX90614KSF Axx MLX90614ESF Dxx Supply Voltage Von over voltage 7V 5V 7V Supply Voltage Voo operating 5 5 V 3 6V 5 5V Reverse Voltage 0 4 V Operating Temperature Range Ta 40 85 C 40 125 C Storage Temperature Range Ts 40 125 C 40 125 C ESD Sensitivity AEC Q100 002 2kV DC current into SCL Vz Vz mode 2 mA DC sink current SDA PWM pin 25 mA DC source current SDA PWM pin 25 mA DC clamp current SDA PWM pin 25 mA DC clamp current SCL pin 25 mA Table 3 2 1 1 4 MLX IR Sensor Maximum Ratings Permission granted from Melexis 3 2 1 2 Humidity Sensor Humidity sensor implementation was not as difficult as the temperature sensor implementation because humidity did not necessarily have to be measured inside the container Anywhere close to the container was accurate enough for the purposes of this project There were a variety of sensors that come with a humidit
77. functionality specifications and options If the infrared sensor had not me et our expectations we would have gone for the 192 302LET A0O1 thermistor which is very cheap and very small has only two pins which is very beneficial in our project design However the infrared sensor satisfied our needs Product Input Voltage Temp Range Response Cost Time IRTEMP 3 to 5V 15 35C 1 second 34 95 MLX90614 8to16V 40 85C 12 49 OS211 6 to 24 V 20 500C 240ms 196 00 Table 3 2 1 1 2 Infrared Temperature Sensor Comparison Research and comparison led to a conclusion to choose the MLX90614 infrared temperature sensor as a first option Below in the figure 3 2 1 1 1 are the pins of the sensor Table 3 2 1 1 3 describes the function of each pin This table along with the figure was very helpful later on in the testing section of the temperature sensor 12 Page Group 3 DO 6 o Bottom view Figure 3 2 1 1 1 IR Temperature Sensor Pins Permission granted from Melexis Pin Name Description SCL Vz Serial clock input for 2 wire communications protocol 5 7V zener is available at this pin for connection of external bipolar transistor to MLX90614Axx to supply the device from external 8 16V source SDA PWM Digital input output In normal mode the measured object temperature is available at this pin Pulse Width Modulated In SMBus compatible mode the pin is automatically con
78. honeycombs in desired units of weight measurement Measuring weight in real time instead of just the weight difference of the honey extractor at the end of the process would have allowed us to calculate the optimal time when to stop the extraction process for example if the honeycomb frames do not lose weight this means the motor should be slowing down Also it would have allowed us to create many statistical calculations for the user if one desired to know at what point of time or at how many revolutions per minute is the honey extracting the fastest or the slowest and so on However due to various reasons this option was never implemented Part Number Retailer Range Accuracy Price S 20 1000 Trossenrobotics 1 to 100N 6 7 95 SEN 00376 Sparkfun 0 1 to 10kg 15 7 95 SEN 08685 Sparkfun 1 to 100Ib 3 19 95 S 20 1000 FS5 Trossenrobotics 1 100N 6 6 60 Table 3 2 2 1 Thin and Flexible Force Sensors The FX1901 sensor is very affordable and comes with the following advantages High Reliability Design for OEM Appliance and Medical Applications 10 100 lbf Ranges Compact Coin Cell Package Anti Rotation Mounting Features CE compliance 20 Page Group 3 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS Supply Voltage 5 0V Ambient Temperature 25 C unless otherwise specified PARAMETERS MIN TYP MAX UNITS NOTES Span 16 20 24 mV 1 Zero Force Output 15 mV 1 Accuracy non linearity hysteres
79. ice notification is displayed on the screen for a few seconds informing the user about the connection failure When the user exits the application or loses the connection with the Bluetooth module the notification Device connection was lost is displayed on the screen The graphical user interface includes a Forward Reverse and Stop buttons The Forward button allows for the Honey Extractor to spin clockwise whereas the Reverse button spins in the counterclockwise direction Spinning the device in both directions results in a more complete honey extraction To remind the user which button was activated the previously selected button remains highlighted in red As a precaution the user is not able to rotate the device in the opposite direction unless the Stop button is pressed beforehand This feature prevents excessive wear and tear on the motor For example if the Forward button was pressed and the device is currently rotating in clockwise direction the Reverse button will be disabled until the Stop button is pressed The Stop button halts the motor of the Honey Extractor The buttons are aligned in one row and located across the top of the GUI In the center of the GUI current humidity and temperature data is displayed The data is collected from sensors located inside of the drum of the Honey Extractor The humidity is expressed as a percent and the temperature is expressed in degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius The user is able to toggl
80. ices were button Select found in the area the Connect a device dialog displays No from the menu then devices found select Scan for Devices button on the Select a device to connect dialog 5 The application shall be Select a Bluetooth Confirm that the able to pair newly device from the list device was added to discovered devices with of discovered the list of paired the local Bluetooth devices in the devices To confirm go Select a device to to Settings gt Bluetooth Group 3 91 Page connect dialog Enter a pin code when prompted an click Ok on the Android phone 6 The application shall not Open the Buttons remain allow the user to activate application Try inactive when pressed buttons and controls pressing buttons on the label above the while not connected to use the thumb on slider reading the Bluetooth device the slider bar and Speed 0 and no observe the feedback from the humidity and sensors temperature readings 7 User shall be able to Start the system by Automated Honey the automated extractor by the Forward start honey pressing button pressing the Forward button on the graphical user interface of the application Extractor spinning at default speed in the clockwise direction be able to start the automated honey extractor by pressing the Reverse button 8 User shall Start
81. ight The BluetoothSericalService class does all the work for setting up and managing Bluetooth connections with other devices It includes 2 inner classes ConnectThread and ConnectedThread both of which extend Thread class The ConnectThread thread is for connecting with a device It runs until the connection 48 Page Group 3 either succeeds or fails The ConnectedThread is for performing data transmissions when connected Both the BeeActivity and DeviceListActivity extend an Activity class The BeeActivity is the main activity that takes care of a main window in which we placed all of our UI The DeviceListActivity appears as a dialog It lists any paired devices and devices detected in the area after discovery When a device is chosen by the user the MAC address of the device is sent to the BeeActivity in the result Intent sonActivityResul intintintent vold onCreateOptionsMenu Menu boolean onOptionsitemSelected Me nultem boolean onDestroy void mmSocket BluetoothSocket mmSocket BluetoothSocket mmDevice BluetoothDevice run void cancel void mConnectedDevice Name String mBluetoothAdapter BletoothAdapter mOu STATI int asp D tBu BluetoothSerlalService Context Handler mStopBtton Button setState int void Button Bu connectionFalled void mHeatButton Toggle Button connecctionLosti mRadioGroup RadioGroup mThrottle SeekBar mThrottleText TextView mDegre
82. ignals to recreate an alternating current operating at different frequencies based on motor speed The motor controller used a serial communication protocol To test the controller commands were sent to the unit while an Alternating current was connected to the input of the device An oscilloscope was connected to the output via a high voltage probe A high voltage probe was used so the oscilloscope was not to be damaged The output signal was measured and verified for each different motor controller command The LCD screen displayed the motor power and theoretical frequency The input buttons were used to select the different operating frequencies After the commands appeared to correlate to the frequencies correctly the AC motor itself was connected to the motor controller The motor was also cycled through the frequencies to test if was capable to move The motor was then subjected to a burn in period This means that the motor was run at full power for an hour This time allowed the motor to warm up and verify the motor was not dead on arrival After the burn in a load test was performed A mechanical load was placed on the motor so that higher current was run through the motor The motor was then subjected through a sweep through the various operating frequencies so that each motor power was tested under load After the motor passed all of these tests then the functionality was confirmed 7 9 5 Bluetooth Interface Testing The Bluetooth
83. is Dmytro Boichey am an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida am writing a paper for my senior design project and was wondering if could use your figures of the knife gate valve datasheet for the paper The source will be specified in the paper Here is the link of this datasheet gt gt http boilersupplies com knifegate model 61 html Peter Riendeau lt pre melexis com gt pac Thu 7 25 2013 3 28 PM To dima knights ucf edu Bing Maps Get more apps Permission is granted to use the figures from Melexis datasheet in your paper Thank you for citing the source of those figures and good luck with your studies Sincerely Peter Riendeau Marketing Communications 15 Trafalgar Sq Suite 100 Nashua NH 03063 603 204 2907 preGmelexis com Website www melexis com H Page Group 3 Dan Slavik Office Phone Fax 1 973 347 3756 dan_slavik meas spec_com From Slavik Dan Sent Monday July 29 2013 11 29 AM To dima knights ucf ed Subject RE Datasheet use permission request Hello Dmytro Thank you for contacting us regarding your request You can use our specification sheets in your paper as long as the figures are correct as represented and the source is specified as you have indicated Best regards Dan l Page Group 3 Gmail RE Schoo project using your dspiay Grail RE School project using your display Brandon Parmeter lt brandonleeparmeter gmail com gt
84. is and repeatability 1 Span 2 Input Resistance 3 kQ Output Resistance 2 2 kQ Temperature Error Zero 8 Span 3 Temperature Error Span 25 Span 3 Long Term Stability 1 year 1 Span Maximum Overload 2 5X Rated Compensated Temperature 0 50 c Operating Temperature 0 50 c Storage Temperature 40 85 c Excitation Voltage 2 5 10 Vdc Isolation Resistance 250Vdc 50 MQ Deflection at Rated Load 0 05 mm Humidity 0 90 RH Weight 8 1 grams Group 3 Table 3 2 2 2 FX1901 Specs Permission granted from Meas spec SECTION A A ed tinput Yellow output a White output Black input 4Core ribbon cable AWG3e 80i Figure 3 2 2 1 FX1901 Dimensions Permission granted from Meas spec 21 Page All of the sensors in the table 3 2 2 1 are thin and flexible type of force sensors the sensors in table 3 2 2 3 are heavy duty force sensors with mechanical parts The SEN 10245 is a load sensor used in regular electronic scales All of the sensors from table 3 2 2 1 are based on a principle where the more pressure or weight is applied to the sensor the less the resistivity becomes The change in the resistivity can be converted into a voltage change using a Wheatstone bridge Figure 3 2 2 4 shows the diagram of a Wheatstone bridge Measuring the voltage changes and converting them using the given formulas in the datasheets of the sensors would have given us the weight of an object applied on the sensor The SEN 10245
85. it was essential to the system as it added a level of safety to the unit Without this circuit the system would have been unsafe to use Testing of this circuit was simple First the motor was powered on Then the emergency stop switch was pressed to stop the motor When the motor came to a complete stop then the next phase was performed The next phase was to test the reset switch Once the motor has safely come to a stop then the reset switch was pressed When the motor returned to power the emergency stop circuit was verified as functioning 8 Administrative Content The team had two semesters to design and implement the working prototype of the Automated Honey Extractor and demonstrate the prototype to a committee of a three to five professors at the end of the second semester During the first semester the team members agreed to split responsibilities and work on their individual research Project s design and development progressed throughout the first semester on weekly basis during team s meetings The main focus was given to brainstorming ideas about system design research about components and their proper integration into the system and course required documentation Good project management is a major factor in success of any project In order to successfully build the automated honey extractor allocated timeframe had to be broken down into milestones Every milestone included an extra allocated time in case if problems arise du
86. ity Sensor wire sensor wire sensor and create instrumentation amplifier in PSoC Weight Sensor using calculated function output weight found to LCD screen Motor Controller Wire motor controller to PCB load down motor and test functionallity Android wire bluetooth module to PCB interface Send hardcoded data to MCU from Android device use Android device to send commands to the MCU Write program to display input information Use display to verify buttons are pressed use oscilloscope to obtain signals from unit use microcontroller to process sensor input Use PSoC s Cap Sense to output capacitance to screen use oscilloscope to read output from amplifier Verify functionallity with oscilloscope connect motor to frame holder Write handshaking program on MCU and Android send sensor matrix information to Android device Figure 7 9 1 Testing Summary Group 3 Create program to scroll through various sensor interface screens use equations to calculate theoretical temperature display sensor calculated sensor input onto LCD Using different weights plot function of weight vs responce wire motor an test functionallity Send hardcoded data to Android device from MCU display sensor information on Android device 115 Page 7 10 Emergency STOP Testing Another feature that had to be tested was the emergency stop circuit This circu
87. l extractor is more suited for our objectives ti 1 li 1 ay ti Vs Ve Ve Pa Figure 3 1 1 1 Tangential Extractor Top view 6 Page Group 3 3 1 1 2 Radial Extractors The second major type of extractors is the radial extractor In the radial extractor unlike the tangential extractor the frames are positioned radially which means that one edge of the frame is facing the center of the centrifuge while the second edge is facing the edge of the circle just like the radius of the circle At first glance this type of positioning does not make sense because one would assume that it would be difficult for the honey to be extracted however what makes this type of extractor work is the natural shape of the honeycomb in the frames The honeycomb because of gravity is tilted This design uses that tilt to the fullest By placing the frame with the honeycomb tilt facing the outer edge ensures the easy extraction of the honey from that frame without much damage to the honeycomb And due to that placement of the frames the frames do not need to be flipped in order to extract the honey which saves a lot of time especially if this is done on a commercial scale where the number of frame extracted exceeds hundreds Another advantage that this frame placement has is that it takes up much less space compared to the tangential type which makes it even more appealing to the beekeepers that have a large quantity of frames For this very reaso
88. l have a radial design AHE MR05 The extractor shall have a valve AHE MRO6_ The extractor shall use centrifugal force to extract honey AHE MR0O7_ The extractor shall have a emergency stop button AHE MR08 The extractor shall have a basic filter for the honey Table 2 3 2 Mechanical Requirements Optional Not Required 2 3 3 Heating System Requirements Requirement Description AHE HSR01 The heating system shall heat up the honey to no more than forty 40 degrees Celsius AHE HSR02 The heating system shall have a temperature sensor AHE HSRO3 The system shall adjust the temperature based on data from sensor AHE HSR04 The temperature will be displayed on the android device in real time AHE HSR05 The heating system shall not use more than 500W of power to heat up the heating element AHE HSRO6 The temperature sensor will have the range of at least twenty degrees Celsius to fifty degrees Celsius Table 2 3 3 Heating System Requirements 2 3 4 Wireless Communication Requirements Requirement Description AHE WCRO1 The extractor shall be able to be operated wirelessly from a distance of at least five 5 feet AHE WCR0O2 The extractor shall use Bluetooth AHE WCRO3 The extractor shall be able to be operated using an android device wirelessly AHE WCR04 Data from the humidity sensor shall be displayed on the android device Table 2 3 4 Wireless
89. l the honey extractor The user will be able to turn the motor on and off as well as start an automatic extraction proccess 85 Page Group 3 5 5 The Weighing System Optional Not Included in Final Project The weighing system was planned to consist of a wheatstone bridge force sensor and an instrumintation amplifier the instrumintation amplifier was to be integrated into the microcontroller chip The wheatstone bridge would have changed resistance based on the force applied by the weight of the honey onto the axle of the honey extractor The instrumincation amplifier would have been tuned to detect minute changes in weight The data would be processed by the microcontroller into an appropriate form and decisions would have been made to either continue spinning the motor or stop depending on the differential of the weight change Figure 5 5 1 shows the control loop of the weighing system Wheatstone Bridge Forece Sensor Instrumentation Amplifier Micro Controller Motor Controller Da Reator Figure 5 5 1 Weighing System Control Loop 86 Page Group 3 6 Construction Process The figure below shows the full construction process of the extractor 1 Specify Parts 2 Order Parts 4 construct mechanical system 5 Test sensors 6 incorperate sensors into mechanical system 7 Test system as a whole Figure 6 1 Construction Process Diagram Group 3 Read data sheets to verify useful
90. lar to the previous one Do the values match within a degree of error from the sensor and from the standalone scale The tests should be repeatable within a degree of error that could be calculated from the sensors accuracy specification from table 7 6 2 1 Table 7 6 2 1 Weight Sensor Final Test Steps Group 3 101 Page 7 6 3 Temperature Sensor Test The MLX90614 infrared temperature sensor is factory calibrated with a digital PWM and SMBus System Management Bus output This made it easy to test and also ready for testing The temperature sensor was tested before it was implemented in the system According to the general sensor testing ideology section the temperature sensor had to pass a series of standalone tests Before going through those tests a simple test to check sensor s functionality was performed The steps of this test are as follows 1 Connect the sensor to the breadboard 2 Connect a voltage meter to the corresponding pins refer to figure 3 2 1 1 1 and table 3 2 1 1 3 for pin description 3 Change the temperature of the sensor 4 Monitor voltage differences as the temperature of the sensor is changed After the sensor passed the above third step most likely the unit was functional and was not a defective one The idea of the second test was to perform a precise test verify the measured values correspondence with the actual temperature within a degree of error according to the sensor
91. le extraction process The more the honey is heated the less viscous it becomes which speeds up the flow of the honey out of the container down 1 Page Group 3 through the valve Also in order not to damage the honey the temperature cannot exceed certain value for certain types of honey Thus giving the option to the user to set a certain temperature limit and be able to monitor the temperature is a neat and useful feature which helps speed up the process The humidity sensor is used to provide a valuable piece of information to the user about the humidity levels During the extraction period the humidity levels directly affect the water content in honey As a general rule of thumb for beekeepers the more there is water content in the honey the worse its quality is considered to be In order not to exceed a certain percentage of water content in the product the beekeeper must know the humidity levels of the surrounding environment Summarizing all the points and features of this equipment the automated honey extractor is an extractor first of all with low cost which makes it available to small honey extraction industries and most importantly to nonprofit seeking beekeepers Second of all it is automated and requires minimal input form the user the loading of the frames and pushing the start button Finally the extractor provides the user with a handful of features such as indirect temperature control and monitoring humidity monit
92. ll contribute to the efficiency of the apparatus Temperature sensor will provide essential data to the heating mechanism The heating mechanism cannot exceed a set temperature as that will have a negative effect on the quality of the honey Overheating will result in quality loss of the honey this includes caramelization fresh flavor loss etc 3 Enzyme destruction occurs when honey is overheated Overheating the honey is practiced by many manufacturers because it makes the honey stay clear instead of cloudy and it also prevents it from caramelization Some industries go for cosmetic looks instead of quality Many of the good properties are lost with overheating this is why a temperature sensor was so important in this project since quality is our priority concern Fermented honey is often also reclaimed by heating it to 150 degrees Fahrenheit This process may destroy enzymes as well In the table 3 2 1 1 below the safe temperatures and heating time is outlined 3 Temperature F Heating Time Minutes 128 470 130 170 135 60 140 42 145 7 5 150 2 8 155 1 0 160 0 4 Table 3 2 1 1 Honey Pasteurization Treatments Humidity is another key factor that determines the quality of the honey Honey has a tendency to absorb water from the air The higher the humidity during the extraction process the more water content the honey will contain Honey with high amount of water content negatively affects
93. manually increase of the motor on the increases from O to 4 rotational speed of the honey extractor start in 1 increment honey extractor in the by moving the clockwise direction thumb of the slider to the right until Forward 4 is displayed 14 User shall be able to To decrease speed Rotational speed manually decrease of the motor on the decreases from 4 0 in rotational speed of the honey extractor start 1 decrement honey extractor in the by moving the clockwise direction thumb of the slider to the left until Speed 0 is displayed 15 User shall be able to To increase speed Rotational speed manually increase of the motor on the increases from O to 4 rotational speed of the honey extractor start in 1 increment honey extractor in the by moving the counterclockwise thumb of the slider direction to the left until Reverse 4 is displayed 16 User shall be able to To decrease speed Rotational speed manually decrease of the motor on the decreases from 4 0 by rotational speed of the honey extractor start 1 decrement honey extractor in the by moving the counterclockwise thumb of the slider direction to the right until Speed 0 is displayed 17 The user shall be able to Start the motor by The motor has stop the honey collector utilizing the sider 93 Page Group 3 by pressing the Stop button when utilizing the slider bar bar on the graphical user interface While
94. mperature e Check maximum safe temperature e Check if the heating system can work autonomously 7 5 2 3 Final Testing After passing both the initial testing and the intermediate testing the heating system was installed onto the extractor After its installation the heating system was rechecked and observations were made After the entire extractor was assembled the extractor was loaded with honey frames and all systems were checked During this stage of testing the optimal temperature in order to increase the honey flow was recorded and programmed into the automatic extraction sequence 7 6 Testing the Sensors 7 6 1 General Sensor Testing Ideology Before the sensors were implemented into the design each sensor was tested through a series of tests to verify their functionality according to the specifications First of all every sensor had to be checked if it worked properly Then the sensors were verified if they work according to the datasheet graphs and other data For example to verify whether the temperature sensor worked 97 Page Group 3 an environment of fluctuating temperature was created and the output of the sensor was read for any differences Had the temperature sensor been a thermistor for example the output resistivity would have been according to the temperature changes The resistivity could have been simply measured by a resistance meter The rest of the sensors were tested in a similar fashion Befor
95. n our group decided that this type of extractor is more suited for our goals However event though our extractor s basic layout will be the same our extractor will have numerous features that other extractors do not Figure 3 1 1 2 Basic Radial Extractor 7 Page Group 3 3 1 1 3 Other Extractor Features Since our extractor is almost identical in its core with other extractors our extractor needed to have something that will set it apart from the rest But to do that we needed to first find out what the others had Extractors exceeding the price tag of one thousand dollars usually have the following features e They are motor driven e Can hold anywhere from eight to twenty frames e Made of stainless steel e Some have speed control Anything beyond that is very rare Our extractor has all of these features as well as many other ones A schematic of a lower end honey extractor can be found below Figure 3 1 1 3 1 Figure of Lower End Honey Extractor 8 Page Group 3 3 2 Relevant Technologies 3 2 1 Temperature Humidity Sensors Monitoring temperature and humidity is essential for the quality of honey the honey extractor will produce Controlling the temperature and measuring it throughout the process of extracting honey will contribute to a better flow of the honey from the walls or the frame of the extractor down to the valve where it will be collected in special containers Overall controlling the temperature wi
96. n the walls to the valve where it will be collected Once the beekeeper gets the honeycomb frames ready or prepared for the extraction process through a process of uncapping they are ready to be loaded into the automated honey extractor this extractor has a capacity of up to fifteen frames Once the frames are loaded into the apparatus the beekeeper or the operator of the machine is presented with two ways of controlling the machine One option is the on board analog buttons and switches the other option is wirelessly through an android device The convenience of operating the machine wirelessly through an android device comes with an additional advantage such as on screen statistical information about the extraction process for example the current temperature inside the apparatus and the humidity level The same information can be found in the analog interface however the menu has to be switched As already may be assumed from the information of the above paragraph the automated honey extractor comes with two sensors on board these are a temperature sensor and a humidity sensor Each of the sensors will provide a valuable piece of information to the beekeeper or the person who will operate the machine The temperature sensor is used for the heating mechanism built into the extractor and for the user who chooses the temperature he or she wants the extraction process to be at The purpose of the heating mechanism is to speed up the who
97. nd vias The top layer is shown in red and containing information describing where the copper is located on one side of the board The bottom layer is shown in blue It contains the information related to the traces on the other side of the board The green layer is showing where the through the hole pads are going to be placed Holes are drilled through the circuit board and then connected together by means of conductive material The yellow layer contains information related to the placement of vias Vias are junctions between the top layer and the bottom layer 78 Page Group 3 4 10 Powering the Extractor Almost every part of our project needed to be supplied with power starting with the motor the MCU the sensors and ending with the heating system For this purpose we needed to implement both alternating and direct current Our motor uses a regular 115 Volt outlet as a power source therefore it is connected into the wall outlet directly without the use of an inverter or a transformer of any kind However we needed to implement an AC to DC inverter for our other electrical parts that needed to be supplied with power The heating elements used an AC power supply therefore they did need an inverter However the MCU along with all of the sensors such as the humidity sensor and the temperature sensors used an AC to twelve volts DC inverter Figure 4 10 1 shows the initial power supply of the components however as our components changed s
98. ness Place order for parts Verify parts are not dead on arrival Construct frame holder Use microcontroller evaluation board to test sensors Construct mounting points for sensors Initiate a dry run with no honeycombs in unit Tweak microcontroller for optimised results Compile a variety of parts to use Wait for parts to arrive Return to step 2 if necessary Construct motor mount Create PCB to neatly interface sensors and microcontroller Run wires from PCB to each sensor and peripherial device Insert honey combs and run system Return to step 2 if necessary automated honey Agree on one or two components for each system Verify all parts have arrived Construct electronics box mount Return to step 2 if necessary Compare results with other honey extractors 87 Page 7 Project Prototype Testing 7 1 Hardware Test Environment Before we built the complete system each component of the future system needed to be tested To send and receive serial data over Bluetooth we needed a terminal program and a Bluetooth serial adapter There are many free applications today on the market designed to test data transmission over a Bluetooth One of the most popular and reliable applications is BlueTerm BlueTerm can be downloaded from Google s application play store We used this application to test our Bluetooth This application is a terminal emulator for communicating with
99. ney again 38 Page Group 3 3 3 1 Operation of Our Honey Extractor The operation of the honey extractor is a very simplified process The Same extraction process is used with the extraction of the honey combs and the uncapping but the actual extraction method is much more simplified The frames are simply inserted into the unit and the speed up button is pressed The unit automatically starts spinning and honey is extracted so that the honeycombs end up perfectly empty After the unit has stopped spinning the emergency stop switch is activated This will insure that the system is ready for the frames to be removed After the frames are removed they are put off to the side The extracted honey is run though a filter to remove impurities The frames are then returned to their respective hives Our process shows an improvement over older styles by increased honey extraction percent and speed Figure 3 3 1 shows a more detailed step by step process Remove Honey Combs Smoke out Bees Pull out Frames From Hive Uncap Honey Use knife to Place frames carve off outer into honey combs shell extractor Operate Reset TEST Let the honey emergency stop UEN extractor spin extractor button the frames Make sure Remove device has Activate Remove frames frames stopped emergency stop from machine spinning Process honey Return frames to beehives Strain honey to remove impurities Smoke bees out of hive Put honey into container Put fram
100. nk you P S The source will be attached to the paper in a professional format C Page Group 3 Email jdima knights ucf edu Phone Please select your Industry Please Select y Hello My name is Dmytro Boichev am an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida am writing a paper for my senior Idesign project and my team is planning on using your product so Please describe your application and Was wondering if could use your figures from the user manual of the needs in as much detail as possible pressure sensor for the paper Here is the link of this user manual http www tekscan com pdf FlexiForce Sensors Manual_ pdf Thank You J How did you hear about Tekscan Search Engine O Advertising O Globalspec com Trade Show O Aricle O Other please specify submit reset 723 Gmail RE Schoo project using your display http www_newhavendisplay com specs NHD 0216BZ RN Y BW pdf Let me know if it would be possible for me to use information from this datasheet in my report Thanks Brandon Parmeter D Page Group 3 A 3 Email Permissions Ty VY John LeDuc lt John LeDuc digikey com gt ee 4 Mon 7 29 2013 11 13 AM To dima knights ucf edu Bing Maps Get more apps Hi Dmytro Yes you can use the information requested below in your paper as long as you credit amp reference Digi Key The Authors name
101. nsor interface Thermocouples were first considered because of their wide usage in industry Thermocouples would have produced a voltage on a junction of two dissimilar metals as seen in the figure 4 6 1 1 below This is due to the thermoelectric effect or Seebeck effect a figure of which can be found below as well figure 4 6 1 2 According to the equation it is clear that certain details such as the conductors size and the length of the conductor do not matter However thermocouples must maintain direct contact with the material being measured so caked on material will prove difficult to measure due to insulation properties Vae Sq T Sa T aT JT Figure 4 6 1 1 Seebeck effect 64 Page Group 3 A thermocouple measuring circuit Terminal block Metal A Metal C Cold Junction Hot junction Th Voltmeter Cold Junction Heat source Current in circuit Metal B s ice bath for terminal block Figure 4 6 1 1 High level thermocouple diagram Infrared sensors seamed most desirable due to the remote nature of the device Caked on material would not affect the accuracy of the sensor These sensors have a less standard interface when compared to thermocouples The infrared sensor we decided to use is the Melexis The connection of the MLX90614 can be seen in figure 4 6 1 2 The connection required was simply a PWM interface in order to communicate with the module The SCL pin was used to program the device h
102. nsors that could have been implemented in our project For the purposes of the honey extractor the temperature sensor did not need to be a high performance and very accurate sensor in fact all of the sensors in the comparison table have a very good accuracy and satisfied the requirements As seen from table 3 2 1 1 2 above all of those sensors have satisfactory specifications The cost is not an issue since we did not need many sensors for the project The ease of communication between the sensor and the microcontroller unit was to be the key factor in choosing which sensor to go with if the decision was made to avoid the infrared temperature sensor The 192 302LET A0O1 is actually a thermistor but using it as a temperature sensor is very common This sensor has only two outputs or pins which is an advantage over the other sensors The complicated part about this sensor is translating the output to the measured temperature But since it is a very common sensor and is easily integrated with the microcontroller many resources are available on how to do this part LM335 TMP100 and TMP101 all come with wide temperature ranges satisfactory accuracy voltage inputs and costs All of them are analog and would have required an analog to digital converter part if it is not supported by the microcontroller They all would have had to be sealed to avoid contact with the honey which will eventually destroy the sensor They were all good options with good
103. o did the layout of the power supply What we ended up with was a single outlet that later branched into DC and AC circuits Wall Outlet a o AC to DC Inverter MCU amp Sensors 5 VDC Heating Element AC to DC Inverter 12 VDC Figure 4 10 1 Power Supply Using Three Outlets 4 11 Emergency Stop Design An important part of the design was safety In case of a hypothetical failure a purely electric and mechanical system had to be in place to safely stop the unit The emergency stop had to be separate from the microcontroller to ensure robustness Since in case of a systems fail the smaller low voltage components tend to be destroyed 79 Page Group 3 The emergency stop consisted of a double single pole double throw relay and two switches as shown in figure 4 11 1 One of the relay s switches was connected to the power feeding the motor The other switch was used to reset the unit once an emergency stop has been triggered The circuit also consisted of a normally closed emergency stop switch and a normally open power on switch When the normally closed emergency stop switch is activated power to the relay s coil is cut off The relay collapses and breaks the circuit feeding the motor power To turn back on the relay the power on switch reset switch needs to be pressed The switch reenergizes the coil so that both the switch feeding the relay and the switch feeding the motor become closed allowing current
104. oject the automated honey collector was not to only be controlled by an on board control panel but also by a custom Android application The application was developed on a machine running Windows 7 64 bit version operating system utilizing Eclipse IDE 3 6 2 Helios and programming language Java 4 2 3 Android Application Development The application was developed for a smartphone running Android version 4 03 operating system The lowest version of Android operating system that our application supports is Android 2 2 By setting our application development to be the minimum required Android API to Android 2 2 SDK 8 we have ensured that our application will support as many devices as possible The target API was set to Android version 4 3 which was the latest version available as of the day the project was completed The latest version includes all of the new features With these setting we were able to provide enhanced user experience through a modern user interface and made the application available and compatible with older versions Figure 4 2 3 1 depicts the new android application project setup in Eclipse IDE 44 Page Group 3 New Android Application The prefix com example is meant as a placeholder and should not be used Application Name AutomatedHoneyExtractod Project Name AutomatedHoneyExtractor Package Name com example automatedhoneyextractor Minimum Required SDK API 8 Android 2 2 Froyo Target SD
105. or was loaded with fifteen frames filled with honey This way the team made sure that the system under test meets realistic conditions and works properly with a full load of fifteen frames filled with honey The automated honey extractor was powered up from a wall outlet Initial pairing of the Android Bluetooth and Bluetooth module located on the printed circuit board is not part of the software requirement and will not be discussed in this testing procedure Testing procedures for system s functional performance and expected results are described in Table 7 3 1 o Requirement Procedure Expected Result 1 User shall be able to Select the The application is start the application application opened 2 The system shall be able Start the application The system prompts to automatically turn the the user to turn on the local Bluetooth on local Bluetooth without exiting the application 3 The system shall be able Start the application The phone and the to connect to a Bluetooth When prompted to HC 06 Bluetooth module connect to a module are now Bluetooth device connected select the Yes button 4 The application shall be Start the application The Select a device to able to discover new When prompted to connect dialog Bluetooth devices in the connect to a displays available area Bluetooth device devices in the area If select the Yes no new dev
106. order to read the temperature of the inside environment The latter option was the easiest in terms of implementation and that was the biggest advantage of it comparing to other options but it comes with its own cons too Thorough and detailed analysis of the three options of implementation of the temperature sensor was required in order to decide which one was the best option in our project 4 4 3 1 Implementation Options Implementing the temperature sensor on the spinning drum came with one advantage over the implementation on the container i e it does not come into contact with the honey The disadvantages were it would be always in motion it would require wireless connection to the microcontroller Since the microcontroller is placed outside of the container a wireless connection with the temperature sensor must have been established this brought many challenges and complications and therefore this option was omitted Implementing the sensor on the walls of the container as shown in figure 4 4 3 1 was again more practical to do The advantages were it would always be stationary and a wired communication with the microcontroller could be easily established The disadvantages were it would be in contact with honey a special sensor would have to been acquired that will be honey proof To avoid the possible costly feature of a temperature sensor which would be honey proof meaning it can withstand certain acidity levels o
107. oring wireless and on board control over the motor and real time feedback on the android device 2 Page Group 3 2 Project Description 2 1 Motivation Although honeybees are worth billions of dollars to farmers just in the United States very few people other than them realize the importance of the beekeepers and their bees The reason why they are so important is because the bees in the process of making honey have to collect nectar from trees and flowers While collecting nectar the bees also cross pollinate the plants that they collect from which in turn produce fruits and seeds For this very reason farmers even rent bees from beekeepers However regardless of the importance of beekeeping it is becoming less and less popular especially in the United States There are several reasons why the number of beekeepers started to dwindle It is no secret that beekeeping has never been easy however with the arrival of tracheal mites in the 1980s and varroa mites and small hive beetles in the 1990s all of which are pests that invade hives and hinder beekeepers keeping bees has become much more challenging for beekeepers However these pests were not the only thing that the beekeepers had to face Another thing that the beekeepers had to face was high prices for the machinery that they needed in order to operate their business With these problems the number of beekeepers stated to slowly become smaller and smaller until the only people that
108. oth interface to an android device Pros for this choice included ease of connection and assembly due to the standard connectors Cons included the GPIO pins operating at 3 3V so a level converter may have been required and an operating system would have been needed to be incorporated 3 2 7 3 Arduino Discussion The third choice was the Arduino platform This platform is widely used in the hobbyist marketplace There are a plethora of devices that Arduino produces as well as devices that are produced by non Arduino companies that interface to the Arduino programing environment such as PRJC s Teensy line Arduino also has all open source hardware so the schematics are available online and they can be easily modified in Eagle CAD The Pros for this choice were ease of use extensive hobbyist background and relatively low cost The Cons were some what limited hardware capabilities and interfacing with the android device may have been difficult 35 Page Group 3 3 2 7 4 MSP 430 Discussion Another microcontroller option was the Texas Instruments MSP 430 microcontroller This micro controller is a generic device that can be programed in assembly level language or C language An advantage about this device was that most students have experience with this device due to taking Embedded Systems at UCF Serial communication and push button interfaces have been mastered in class This microcontroller does not have the large tutorial set that the
109. owever the device come out of the box outputting a 10 bit PWM signal in the temperature range of 20 C to 120 C This range provided an output resolution of 14 C and thus satisfied the problem of temperature measurement 65 Page Group 3 MLX9061 4Axx Wdd 4 5 5 5V CON 0 1uF Cl value and type may differ in different applications for optimum EMC MLX90614 connection to SMBus Figure 4 6 1 3 connection of the MLX90614 courtesy of Melexis 4 6 2 Humidity sensor interface As described earlier humidity is another factor that determines how honey is extracted Measuring humidity is common in electronics as humidity is also a great factor in determining how well electronics function Some microcontrollers may even have an integrated humidity sensor so that an external sensor is not required There are many types of humidity sensors that have different output types Some humidity sensors output an analog voltage where others have a more passive sensing approach One sensor that seamed interesting to interface with was a Capacitive humidity sensor A sensor from Honeywell stuck out as a good match for the project A sensitivity chart is shown in figure 4 6 2 1 Many of the micro controllers that were looked at included built in capacitive touch sensing functionality These modules usually functioned through pulsing the capacitor at a certain frequency and measuring the response via the drop off time in an RC circuit This functionali
110. pending from Hoperf Figure 3 2 1 2 3 Application Circuit Permission pending from Hoperf After trying to implement our first choice humidity sensor and failing to implementing it the HIH 4030 003 sensor was chosen and was implemented along with other electronics on top of the extractor This humidity sensor is widely used because of its cost and ease of integration It outputs a linear voltage which made it easy to communicate with the microcontroller the voltage supply needed was variable anywhere between 4 and 5 8 volts it also operates at a wide temperature range from 45 C to 85 C has a 0 to 100 humidity range and a satisfactory accuracy for the purpose of the extractors use of 3 5 with a response time of 5 seconds 3 2 2 Weight Sensor Although this option was never implemented the group wanted to research in thoroughly and had there been a needi actually implement it 19 Page Group 3 The weight sensor was to be used to calculate the amount of honey being extracted from the frames The user would have been receiving a feedback on a LCD screen and or android device The weight sensor would have not only calculated the weight of the honey extracted at the end of the process but would have also been used to calculate the weight being extracted in real time of the process This means that the user would have received a feedback on the screen with either a counter or a graph plot of real time weight extracted from the
111. profile support and unique MAC address In this step the Android phone master discovers the Bluetooth slave Select the Bluetooth name on the screen When prompted enter pin on the phone code 1234 If the pin code was entered correctly and validates successfully the Bluetooth and Android exchange security keys The Android phone stores Bluetooth s credentials and connects to the Bluetooth The two devises should be now paired and Bluetooth s light emitting diode LED should be on solid Next switch the dipswitch on the Bluetooth to off so that the two devices do not try to re pair each time power is cycled The configuration of the dipswitches shown in Figure 4 3 2 4 the devices need to be paired only once Once paired when the two devices in the range of each other they are able to connect Group 3 On Off AUN Figure 4 3 1 Dipswitch Configuration for Slave Made On Off WD Figure 4 3 2 Dipswitch Configuration for Deployment 50 Page Since the remote control application is using the Bluetooth as a pipe to transmit data to the microcontroller without paired and properly configured Bluetooth module an android phone and a microcontroller are not able to exchange data There are two ways to configure the RN41 Bluetooth module via Bluetooth and using computer s serial port The procedure is simple and relatively straight forward for setting up and configuring the RN41 f
112. ptical inspection was done an electrical inspection was required A digital multi meter was used to check for shorts and to make sure that there were open circuits where appropriate and closed circuits where appropriate Once this test was passed the board was powered on with a current limited supply The supply was slowly cranked up to allow for more current to be let into the system Once the voltage level has stabilized to operating voltage the power supply on the board was assumed to be functional The next step was to test the functionality of the microcontroller 7 bider Joint Figure 7 7 1 Example of a raised pad on the solder joint 7 8 Micro Controller Testing Once all of the components were hand they had to be tested on the microcontroller unit The testing was done on a development board more specifically the FreeSoC Figure 7 8 1 As you can see from the figure all of the pins were broken out so that they could easily be connected to using male 110 Page Group 3 headers This allowed for an ease of implementation of our sensors and other interface devices P Engags bo 4 p f Ee rg may reeSoc i explorer BpRes SIS oaa sne eheee eeen TE Figure 7 8 1 FreeSoC microcontroller an open source implementation of Cypress s PSoC 5 microcontroller 7 9 Human Interface Device Testing The human Interface device was the first peripheral unit that was tested With the functionality of this unit verified
113. r was to measure the temperature of the honey and then send the data to the MCU and based on the readings from the temperature sensor the MCU was to automatically adjust how much heat the heating elements need to produce by controlling the amount of current that goes to them or use a relay to switch them on and off as necessary If the temperature of the honey is higher than what it should be the current was to be decreased or the relay was to be turned off On the other hand if the temperature is too low the current was to be increased or the relay was to be turned on Also the temperature reading of the temperature sensor was also to be available for system monitoring meaning they were to be displayed on the GUI for the user to see However there were no plans of giving direct control of the temperature to the user as of the moment when the heating system was first designed A general block diagram of the heating system can be found below 54 Page Group 3 Temperature Sensor Figure 4 4 1 Heating System Block Diagram 4 4 1 Coil Heating amp Heating Plates One method of heating that was considered was using a coil or a heating plate to heat the vat that will be holding all of the extracted honey The coil or the heating plate would have had to be installed at the bottom of the vat and this way the vat would be heated essentially it would be like installing a stove under the vat see figure 4 4 1 1 This method is probably the most
114. rience from either an electrical background and or mechanical field background We value the opinions and the advices from these individuals and we try to give credit for their assistance in this project by mentioning their names and areas we have received advice in or received help with the process of constructing the project in this section of the paper Assistance from our advisors is not limited to only the thinking process Some assistance was received in the actual construction process Things like welding the parts together was done by certified welders who are in fact part of the group of the advisors e Microflex Inc provided the team with the necessary metal as well as welded the main components of the project e Dr Richie general advice received about the project Dr Richie guided the team in the right direction by giving his opinion on what things or options should be added or left out in the project which things were practical for the team and which things were not feasible e Peter Boychev advice received in the mechanical area Also assisted in welding and other mechanical related construction process e Dmitriy Boichev another advisor who assisted the team throughout the thinking process in the mechanical construction area Also assisted the team in welding and other mechanical related process of construction e Dr Gary Stein Doctorate in Computer Engineering assisted in microcontroller programming and Android interfa
115. ring development process When no problems occurred during previous phase the team proceeded with their work towards the next task and had more time to complete it The team had total of 28 weeks to complete and present their working prototype to the committee 8 1 Project Milestones During the first twelve weeks of the Senior Design course the team members collaborated with each other on high level design of the project software and its libraries what parts and part numbers were best to be used based on specifications and their cost they also identified possible problems during the design phase and found appropriate solutions and completed system testing Research took large amount of time On the Android software development side the research included the identification of the most suitable language and platform for establishing wireless communication with the automated honey extractor Once the language and platform were selected the class structure libraries research and GUI design 116 Page Group 3 begun On the hardware side the research included research about components components specifications mechanical parts design and related software for hardware design Table 8 1 1 depicts critical milestones of the project and allocated timeframe for their completion during the first semester Senior Design Summer 2013 Jun 03 Jun 13 Jun 17 Jun 24 JubO1 JulO8 Jul 15 Jul22 Jul 29 Bluetooth emperature
116. rmation from this datasheet in my report Thanks Brandon Parmeter Qin Liu lt qliu cypress com gt Thu Jul 25 2013 at 10 37 PM To Brandon Parmeter lt brandonleeparmeter gmail com gt Patrick Kane lt pkx cypress com gt Ce customercare lt customercare cypress com gt Hi Brandon Thanks for contacting Cypress Semiconductor I copied Patrick Kane who is our University Alliance program director and he may assist you in this inquiry Hi Patrick Please help below question Thanks Best Regards Zinna Liu From Brandon Parmeter mailto brandonleeparmeter gmail com Sent Friday July 26 2013 10 30 AM To customercare Quoted text hidden This message and any attachments may contain Cypress or its subsidiaries confidential information If it has been received in error please advise the sender and immediately delete this message htips Amall googie comimalluD 7ul 28k 3242215358 ewe fis sear che semsine 1401Sc ese23760 wi K Page Group 3 To sales hoperf com Ge Subject Tahoma 107 B Iu ss HY A vy 3s Hello My name is Dmytro Boichev I am an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida I am writing a paper for my senior design project and was wondering if I could use your figures of the HH10D datasheet in the paper The source will be specified in the paper Here is the link for the datasheet httos www sparkfun com datasheets Sensors
117. s Table 3 2 1 2 3 below describes a humidity sensor that was our first choice humidity sensor It is much cheaper than the humidity temperature sensors and unnecessary redundancy was avoided This sensor operates by changing its capacitance as the humidity changes The sensor has a low temperature 16 Page Group 3 Table 3 2 1 2 2 Temperature Humidity Sensor dependence has an increased resistance against contamination which suited our needs perfectly Part Number Operating Operating Response Cost frequency Range Time range HCH 1000 1 100 kHz 10 RH to 95 15 seconds 4 32 002 RH HH10D 5 10kHz 0 to 100 RH 8 seconds 9 95 Table 3 2 1 2 3 Humidity Sensor The response time of the SHT11x temperature sensor is minimum 5 seconds and maximum 30 seconds This is a slow response time compared to previous standalone temperature sensors and this is the only disadvantage Since the infrared sensor met our expectations there was no need for a humidity temperature sensor The following table gives the power consumption of the humidity sensor This power consumption information was used to roughly calculate the power consumption of the whole electronics part of the project Electrical and General Items Parameter Condition min typ max Units Source Voltage 24 33 55 v sleep 2 5 BW measuring 3 mW average 90
118. s into the extractor a little inconvenient however it would reduce the number of parts used to connect the motor The second possible way of mounting the motor was by placing the motor adjacent to the vat and having a rubber belt that would connect the motor and the frame holder So as the motor spins the belt would rotate as well and spin the frame holder However connecting the motor in this manner added more components to the project as well as made the extractor a little unstable due to the weight being on one side on the vat unlike how it was in the center in the previous method A diagram can be found below Figure 4 7 2 Motor Positioned Adjacent to Vat All in all choosing either method would create some problems therefore we decided to go with a combination of both the second method and the first method and place the motor adjacent to the frame holder s axle but still above the vat therefore reducing the problem with going purely by the second method and also limiting the space taken by the motor to just one side of the extractor Figure 4 7 3 is the resulting placement of the motor 75 Page Group 3 Figure 4 3 3 Final Motor Positioning 4 8 Weight Sensor Implementation Options Although it was never implemented in order to achieve the goal of real time measurement without delays which is essential for calculating the optimal time when to stop the motor the weight sensor could not be placed where it would measure th
119. sensor will most likely be used in our project It has a few advantages over the other sensors though has its own disadvantage as well It is more accurate and has a wider range while staying relatively cheap The sensor that comes closest to that range from the flexible type is the SEN 08685 which has a 100lb limit though comes with a higher price tag Another disadvantage of the SEN 10245 is its size and mechanical parts which would have added to the implementation difficulty in our project Another advantage of the flexiforce sensors is that they come with a detailed user manual and formulas that explain how to use the sensor and how to connect it to the microcontroller and measure the actual weight Below in the figure 3 2 2 4 is an example of how SEN 08685 is hooked up and operates Vo m V R R ur GND 1v POWER Supply Voltages should be constant Reference Resistance R is 1kQ to 100kQ Sensor Resistance Rat no load is gt 5MQ Max recommended current is 2 5mA Figure 3 2 2 2 Force Sensor Excitation Circuit Permission granted from FlexiForce 22 Page Group 3 The heavy duty sensors below in table 3 2 2 3 are complete package sensors it means they are ready to be hooked up straight to the microcontroller They are factory calibrated robust sturdy and very reliable For our project the heavy duty sensors were preferable at this point of time When all of the fifteen honeycomb frames were to be inserted
120. stem Communication 6 8 y Saia Optional 5 1 Automatic Honey Extractor Systems 5 1 The Motor System The motor system included a motor a motor controller and a power supply All of these components were be connected to the microcontroller unit The motor controller was controlled by the user both directly using the onboard controlls and also with an android device running the Honey Extactor application using the Bluetooth wireless communication system as a medium Figure 5 1 1 shows how the motor system was set up which parts communicated with what The diagram shows the communication links between the microcontroller to the motor as well as the android device and the human interface device and the LCD display 83 Page Group 3 Android Bluetooth Human Device Module Interface Device Micro Controller a Motor MOLa 41 Controller ep DIGEN Figure 5 1 1 The Motor System 5 2 The Heating System The heating system included flexible heating elements such as the three Flexible Silicone Rubber Heating Sheets a power supply and a temperature sensor The temperature sensor constantly read the temperature of the extracted honey and fed the data to the MCU which in turn transferred the data to the android for viewing as well as made decisions to either increase the temperature of the vat or decrese the temperature The figure below shows the control loop of the heating system Micro Controller Heating Coil Temp
121. still kept bees are the ones that were ready to invest large amounts of money into their business or the ones that were ready to spend enormous amounts of time tending to their bees Our senior design group decided to address this problem and as engineers we cannot help with reducing the pests since we lack the proper education but what we could do in order to make the work of the beekeepers easier was build a device that will somehow aid their struggle After doing some research the most useful device that we could build is a honey extractor since extracting honey is probably the most troublesome part in the honey production and for this reason over the years beekeepers came up with numerous methods of extracting honey from the wax frames starting with the aged method of just letting gravity do its work of draining the honey from the frame to the more modern methods which involve fairly expensive machinery And as in any other industry the more advanced the machinery the more money it costs However as most people cannot afford a device that costs several thousand dollars the market was in need of a device that will do the same thing but costs at most several hundred dollars Therefore our senior design group decided to build a honey extractor that will have the functions of a high end commercial extractor and maybe even some new functions that have never been seen before in a honey extractor and yet be at the price of the lower end extrac
122. table 3 2 2 1 outline and compare the main characteristics of chosen sensors in the above section Weight sensor on top or bottom The arrows in red point to top placement and the arrow in black to the bottom Figure 4 8 2 Top or Bottom Placement of the Weight Sensor 4 9 Printed Circuit board PCB According to the requirements for the course a printed circuit board was to be created Printed circuit boards are used to connect electrical components together Most circuit boards are made of copper laid on top of a fiberglass material Usually this material is FR4 77 Page Group 3 4 9 1 Circuit Board Design The design of the printed circuit board was created in CadSoft s Eagle This program allowed for electrical components to be created or imported and placed in a circuit schematic The schematic was then converted to a net list which described how the components are connected These connections were then physically laid out on a computer generated model of the printed circuit board The circuit board layout used in our project can be seen in figure 4 9 1 1 The colors represent different layers of the circuit board Some circuit boards may contain up to 16 layers however that is not the case in our PCB SONTRAS JP1 CQAOQQASSSe eo Es r amp n ee NY al ue NN Q Figure 4 9 1 1 Our Printed Circuit Board According to 4 9 1 1 there are 4 layers top layer bottom layer drill holes a
123. terrrtrnnnnrnsstettrrnnnnnnnesetrrnnnnnnnnnseeer nennen A A 2 VCC eee Nee NN Nee ae eee nnn B Pe Email P Gt iSSlOW Si ana ones cacecueitossanes Cacccues toda oei Ve ai E ii Page Group 3 iv Page Group 3 1 Executive Summary Automated honey extractors along with many other automated equipment necessary for the honey extraction processes are popular among big honey extraction industries In fact no big industry will be able to exist without automated equipment in order to extract big amounts of honey in a short period of time Among beekeepers who do not own big businesses or industries automated honey extraction equipment is not so popular due to high costs The main idea of this honey extractor was to make it automated and available in terms of cost to the beekeepers who practice beekeeping not necessary for business purposes Once the start button is pushed the honey extractor spins the motor and based on the previously calculated optimal time stops the motor which is at a point of time when the honeycomb frames do not lose mass anymore Besides just being an automated extractor it also has many other useful and unique features to enhance its usefulness The main feature of the automated honey extractor is that it has a controllable electric motor which spins the honeycomb frames with honey inside of a container and extracts the honey to the walls of the barrel the same principle is used in a centrifuge The honey then flows dow
124. ters typed on able to transfer data the Android s the emulator appear from Android phone to emulator on the LCD screen the microcontroller Table 7 2 2 1 Data Transfer Testing 7 3 Android Application Software Testing The graphical user interface GUI software had two types of requirements to meet functional requirements and non functional requirements Variety and large amount of tests helped finding the weak parts of the system and optimize them to reduce the risk of system failure To ensure that all of the requirements have been met tests were conducted by all of the group members on their android phone This ensured that software correctly operates across variety of android versions Test procedures were written in advance and provided in this documentation When the Android application was created and preliminary testing was performed successfully the application testing with the honey extractor was conducted according to these instructions Functional requirements describe software required behavior in terms of specific activities Non functional requirements in other words quality performance describe some quality attributes that our software possesses After performing software tests and comparing outcomes with expected results we were able to verify whether we built the right system that specifies user needs or not 90 Page Group 3 Before the team started system testing the automated honey extract
125. the following procedure Connect voltage pin to the 5 volt output of the microcontroller Use the 555 timer chip to convert capacitance to frequency voltage Connect the data pin to the analog input of the microcontroller Connect the ground pin to the ground of the microcontroller Before proceeding to step 6 read how to calibrate the sensor section Write the necessary code for the microcontroller to count and convert the frequency changes outputted by the sensor to actual humidity levels using the calibration technique provided in the humidity sensor calibration section 7 At this point the wireless link between the microcontroller and the android device should be established 8 Necessary code written for the android device to receive data from the microcontroller about the humidity levels should be functional at this point Sd he 107 Page Group 3 9 Compare the results with a different complete humidity meter device Once the humidity sensor passed all of the tests above and showed positive results the next and most important test was integrate it into the system and test it again However this after testing this sensor we realized that this sensor was not for us so we got a different one and used a similar testing procedure and implemented it instead Once the humidity sensor was mounted to the honey extractor it was connected to the development breadboard and then to the microcontroller the microcontroller communicated with an
126. the motor is spinning press the Stop button gradually stopped User shall be able to view data collected from honey extractor sensors The data from the sensors will appear after the local Bluetooth establishes a connection with the Bluetooth module of the Honey Extractor The data collected form humidity and temperature sensor is displayed on the screen The application all allow to the user to toggle temperature between Celsius selected by default Record the current temperature Recorded temperature readings verified by utilizing the following Celsius and Fahrenheit reading on the GUI formulas of Select the temperature Fahrenheit radio conversion Celsius to button and record Fahrenheit the new temperature F 0 1 8 32 20 The application shall be Close the The Bluetooth is able to turn the local application by turned off Bluetooth off when the application is closed pressing the Back button on the Android phone Table 7 3 1 Software Functional Requirements Test Procedures The testing procedures for the system s non functional requirements such as the graphical user interface operation verification good system availability and performance compatibility with at least one version of Android OS and operational longevity are described in Table 7 3 2 as well as the expected results to each testing Test No Requirement Proc
127. the screen distance of 1 meter 88 Page Group 3 2 The Bluetooth shall be Type characters on Characters typed on able to transfer data to the emulator the emulator appear Android within the on the screen distance of 10 meters 3 Make sure that the Disconnect the No characters transmitted data is being Bluetooth from the appear on the transmitted over the power supply Type screen correct Bluetooth characters on the module emulator Table 7 2 1 1 1 Software Functional Requirements Test Procedures 7 2 1 1 Bluetooth Troubleshooting If the testing data transfer over the Bluetooth were to fails then the device would have had to been troubleshot First we would have needed to make sure that the powered on Bluetooth is discoverable If the module is not appearing on the screen then polarity would have been checked by making sure that GND pin is connected to batteries negative terminal and VDD is connected to the positive batteries terminal If the connection appeared to be correct the supplied voltage would have been checked with a multimeter to make sure that the correct voltage is supplied to the device If the voltage is within required specification and no pairing occurs the last thing to check would have been if the voltage supplied was supplied to the correct pins This can be verified with the datasheet for the RN42 and HC 06 Bluetooth modules If all of the configur
128. tion the humidity sensor had to pass a series of standalone tests Before going through those tests a simple test to check sensor s functionality was performed The general testing procedure steps of this test are as follows note refer to figure 7 6 4 2 and explanations of the capacitance to frequency circuit Connect the humidity sensor to the breadboard Connect the voltage pin to a 5 volt power supply Connect the data pin to a voltage amplifier if necessary Connect the data pin to the voltmeter Connect the ground pin to the second node of the voltmeter Read the voltage as the humidity environment changes Oe eS eS 104 Page Group 3 Hygrometer Computer Capacitive type Humidity sensor Gold cable Test specification Temperature 25 C 77 F Test humidity range 10 RH to 98 RH Software program hitester Chamber temperature compensation range 25 C 0 5 C 77 F 0 5 F Chamber humidity compensation range 3 RH Figure 7 6 4 1 Humidity Sensor Environmental Test System Diagram Permission granted from Honeywell DATA SCK VoD 100nF ER a Slave 2 4 5 5V GND Figure 7 6 4 2 Connecting Humidity Sensor to the Microcontroller Permission granted from Sensirion 105 Page Group 3 Since the HCH 1000 002 humidity sensor is capacitance type sensor step five above of the general testing steps procedure could not be applied without special circuitry There are two common cir
129. tionality would have increased the cost of the project and was unnecessary for the display of basic information Other technologies that were considered included Touch screen displays and Graphics LCD displays Touch screen displays appeared desirable at first because of the functionality including both display and human interface After extensive testing and serious thought the conclusion agreed upon was that this was not the choice for this project Reasons for this decision included honey interfering with the capacitance of the screen and producing false inputs high cost and high level of difficulty in interfacing the device with the microcontroller Graphics LCD displays were another viable option These displays included functionality to produce bar graphs and other complex display types The extra functionality initially appeared desirable but further examination of the purpose proved this functionality unnecessary 3 2 7 Micro controller Decision The microcontroller we decided to choose should have been able to interface with several components These components include a screen on the unit its self a Bluetooth unit to the android device several sensor interfaces and a motor controller In order to meet these requirements the microcontroller must have had at least 2 duplex serial lines and at least 7 analog to digital converters In order to meet the specifications an array of micro controllers was selected The microcontroller
130. tly into the containers without the need of much more filtering thus saving time in the whole process of the honey production A diagram of the vat can be found directly below not to scale 32 5 5 20 45 i 10 Filtering Netting 0 Figure 4 5 2 1 Side View of Vat 63 Page Group 3 However after some more thought we ended up removing the filtering netting as well as slightly changing the dimensions of the cylinder The resulting vat properties ended up being The vat is made of Gauge 16 1 16 width Grade 304 food grade stainless steel The bottom of the vat is made of Gauge 13 3 32inch width Grade 304 stainless steel The vat s dimensions are e Diameter 32 inches 100 531 circumference e Height 31inches e Total Volume 24931 68 Cubic Inches 4 6 Sensor Driver Interface A variety of sensors were necessary in order to meet the project s requirements Some sensors had a serial interface while other sensors had an analog interface instead The micro controller had to be able to sample each of these sensors on a separate pin so that external switches or multiplexers aren t required The types of sensors required for this project Included temperature sensors and humidity sensors Each of these sensor types contained several technologies in order to obtain measurement For example temperature sensors required either an analog voltage signal or an infrared readout type signal 4 6 1 Temperature se
131. to flow to the devices If the switch feeding the motor is shown to be too low current rated then a larger relay or contactor would have been added so that the coil is energized by the power out node This may have been necessary because relays with more than one switching circuit generally tend to cost more and be lower power than single switch relays However since we found the needed relay s this did not need to be done Figure 4 11 1 Emergency Stop Schematic 80 Page Group 3 4 12 Procedure for Presentation Our first presentation was a great milestone in our project Sticking to the design calendar the requirements were met well before this date The time in between these dates gave us plenty of time to practice our presentation Mandatory requirements to be met before this time included integrating the Human Interface Device the Liquid Crystal Display Screen the temperature sensor humidity sensor the motor and the android device interface First thing that was done during the presentation was to plug in our power for our devices Light emitting diodes were turned on to show that various systems were enabled Once all of the devices were tested the motor test was started The motor slowly powered on and was spinning until full soeed was reached The motor was run for a little while and then the emergency stop button was pressed Once the motor has powered down the reset circuit was tested The motor powered back on
132. tooth device is not connected to the module a Liquid Crystal Display screen is used The Liquid Crystal Display that is used was described earlier The display has an integrated Hitachi HD44780 display controller This controller requires a parallel communication interface meaning that more than One signal is sent to the display at a time This required for 7 pins to be connected to the microcontroller The connection is shown in figure 4 6 5 1 OF O r ST x g 6 45 05 a5 cw o a Figure 4 6 5 1 Hitachi HD44780 LCD Controller interface Pin 1 is a common ground Pin Pin 2 is the voltage in pin used to power up the Module Pin 3 normally contains a potentiometer used for contrast adjustment In the application that the LCD is used for variable contrast was not required Because of this a 10K Ohm resistor tied the pin to ground This kept the LCD at full brightness Pin 4 is a register select pin This pin selects which register is to be used The Hitachi HD 44780 controller has two data registers Command Register select 0 and Data Register select 1 Pin 5 is the Read Write pin When Read Write 0 the protocol is waiting for data to be written to it Then the Read Write pin 1 the protocol will send data via the data pins Pin 6 contains the clock pin The clock is falling edge triggered meaning the on transitions from 1 to 0 the protocol will read the input pins and perform operations based on the inputs Th
133. tors We hope that with the introduction of this device the number of hobbyist beekeepers will rise and beekeeping will become a little more popular 3 Page Group 3 2 2 Goal amp Objectives The goal of this senior design project was to create a as low cost as possible automated honey extractor that is fast and easy to use which should help beekeepers to extract honey without too much trouble The purpose of creating such a device was because it would help decrease the costs of maintaining a bee farm and at the same time increase the profits of the beekeepers and ultimately increase the number of hobbyist beekeepers and small scale beekeeping The objective of the Automated Honey Extractor in its simplest form is to extract the honey from the wax frames However the entire process other than the loading of the frames into the device and then removing them after the process is complete was to be autonomous After the frames are loaded into the honey extractor and the start sequence is activated the honey extractor should do the rest of the work automatically It should use the centrifugal force to remove the honey from the wax frames with minimal damage done to the frames This should decrease the effort put in by the beekeepers in the honey extraction process and give them time for other things that need to be taken care of in their business 2 3 Requirements amp Specifications In this section all of the project s requirements an
134. transfer rate between two devices has maximum speed of 1 MB per second e Lacks security Easy to hack into Another wireless communication technology that is integrated in the android phone and could have been potentially used for this project is Wi Fi technology Wi Fi technology uses radio waves to provide high speed Internet and network connection which allows electronic devices to exchange data Here are some advantages and disadvantages of using Wi Fi technology Advantages e Wi Fi offers high speed connection e Wi Fi has high throughput Disadvantages e Communication is not possible without cell phone service provider or a hotspot service provider e Wi Fi is a high energy consumption technology Table 3 2 4 1 summarizes both technologies features that are critical to our project 29 Page Group 3 Technology Simplicity Hotspot High Penetration of use requirement Speed through metal Wi Fi y v v Bluetooth v v Table 3 2 4 1 Communication Technology Comparison Since the automated honey collector was going to be used in the field a barn or in an area without access to a cellphone tower customer s cell phone provider services or a hotspot may not be reachable to his location In this situation Wi Fi communication could not have been possible Also the radio waves should have been able to penetrate through the metal walls of the honey collector in order to communicate with the microcontroll
135. ty is shown in figure 4 6 2 2 66 Page Group 3 Fires CapSense Sigma Delta reeroee Capacitive sensing using a sigma delta modulator CSD provides CapSense functionality using a switched capacitor technique with a sigma delta modulator to convert the sensing switched capacitor current to digital code Figure 1 CSD Application Diagram Rp ii Figure 4 6 2 1 Cypress PSoC cap sense module embedded in PSoC 3 units and PSoC 5 LP units Capacitance pF Relative Humidity RH Figure 4 6 2 2 Humidity Sensor Response 67 Page Group 3 However after trying and failing to implement this humidity sensor we decided to implement the HIH 4030 003 sensor This humidity sensor outputs a linear voltage which makes it easy to communicate with the microcontroller 4 6 3 Weight Sensor Interface Another optional functionality that we ended up not using was an interface to a weight sensor Technologies that were researched include Load cells figure 4 6 3 1 and pressure sensors figure 4 6 3 2 Pressure sensors that were researched generally included totally integrated designs Therefore these sensors used a high level digital interface to communicate Because of the high level of integration pressure sensors were also considerably more costly A decision was quickly made to use load cells to measure weight if we were to actually use a weight sensor From a high level understanding load cells measure resistance to pro
136. umber gt Subject Cutsheet or Datasheet Request gt Reguest Hello gt gt My name is Dmytro Boichey am an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida am writing a paper for my senior design project and was wondering if could use your figures of the knife gate valve datasheet for the paper The source will be specified in the paper Here is the link of this datasheet gt gt http boilersupplies com knifegate model 61 html From Reto Kleiner lt Reto Kleiner sensirion com gt Sent Wednesday July 17 2013 5 32 AM To dima Subject AW Datasheet SHT1x Permission University of Central Florida US Dear Mr Boichev Thank you for your e mail As long as you mention the source of the data fell free to use the information provided in the datasheet Best regards Reto Kleiner Reto Kleiner Technical Customer Support SENSIRION AG Laubisruetistrasse 50 CH 8712 Staefa ZH Switzerland phone 41 44 306 40 00 direct 41 44 927 11 44 fax 4144 306 40 30 mailto reto_kleiner sensirion com www_sensirion com G Page Group 3 To dima knights ucf edu Yes Sent from my iPhone On Jul 28 2013 at 12 23 AM dima knights ucf edu wrote gt gt Name Dmytro Boichev gt Company_Name gt Email_Address dima knights ucf edu gt Phone_Number 407 900 5742 gt Fax_Number gt Subject Cutsheet or Datasheet Request gt Reguest Hello gt gt My name
137. unted or match read from both sensor might be off due implemented to the sensors to the spinning of the system The heater frame holders should be functional at this point but not yet controlled using the temperature sensor Temperature is measured using a regular thermometer not used in the design for verification purposes The temperature is read from the sensor through an android device The extractor is on the Compare the Make sure the infrared frames are spinning temperatures reported temperature sensor Measure temperature by both sensors does not point to the using both sensors the spinning part of the infrared sensor and a extractor regular thermometer for verification purposes Before the sensor is Compare the The temperature completely tested the temperatures reported accuracy of the infrared heater control cannot by the infrared sensor should remain rely on sensor s temperature sensor and throughout a wide range information Control the the thermometer temperature change heater by manually Make sure the sensor is increasing the current Heat the system to the maximum temperature point and measure the temperature again by both sensors Thermometer is used for verification purposes again not pointed directly to the heating element Repeat the test again after a while to make sure the sensor remains calibrated Make sure the results are repeatable
138. until the microcontroller send CTS signal back to the module This configuration was supposed to resolve hidden node problem and provide protection against packet collisions The CTS was also going to hold the medium while the RTS accessing the medium thus preventing others from sending data RTS CTS protocol increases network performance However there is a tradeoff RTS CTS also introduces an increase in overhead thus decreases in throughput which was an undesirable tradeoff in our project Moreover our network was to have no other nodes trying to access the medium and we were not going to transmit large amounts of data over the medium that had to be broken up into chunks Thus in order to avoid the overhead that comes with enabled hardware flow control pins UART_CTS pin 16 and UART_RTS pin 15 were to be shortened The schematic of the RN41 Bluetooth module is shown in Figure 4 3 1 1 52 Page Group 3 GND SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI SPI_CSB GPIO6 GPIO4 GPIO7 GPIOS RESET GPIO3 SPI_CLOCK GPIO2 PCIM_CLK USB_D PCIM_SYNC USB_D PCIV_IN UART_CTS PCM_OUT UART_RTS VDD UART_TX GND UART_RX O oO D amp B OQ O Sc2sg5gs2228 lt o22aas ala oo YY 4 3 1 1 Bluetooth RN42 Pin Configuration During testing RN 42 Bluetooth module the team encountered a data transfer problem After a few weeks of debugging the RN 42 Bluetooth module and communicating with suppliers engineer it was determined that the Bluetooth module is defective and nee
139. ur group was dismissed we packed up our equipment and examined the room for any parts that have escaped our attention The Android device was collected Any messes were cleaned up and the group left the presentation location in an orderly fashion Figure 4 12 1 shows a step by step process of our presentation 81 Page Group 3 Power on Plug in Device Device Test Device Test Motor Connect Android Device Pre pare Unload Honey Device conb Watch Verify Motor Device Spinining Function Unload Wait for Device to Come to a Device Complete Stop Make Answer Cl OSI ng Questions Statements Figure 4 12 1 Presentation Procedure Group 3 Verify status lights Test Emergency Stop Verify Sensor Reading on Aandroid Device Place Honey Combs into Device Verify honey Extraction Enable Emergency Stop Thank Advising Comittee Test Reset switch Press Reset Button then Start Button Verify heating System Remove Empty Frames From Device Clean up Messes if Necessary 82 Page 5 Design Summary The Automated Honey Extractor design was composed of several detailed subsystems The main subsystems were the motor system the heating system the wireless communication system the android system and the optional weighing system which was not implemented as seen in figure 5 1 Automatic Honey Extractor MULES ES Weighing System Heating System Android System Motor Sy
140. urces 5 Android com Bluetooth Online Available http developer android com quide topics connectivity oluetooth htm A Page Group 3 A 2 Email Requests Von dima mailto dima knights ucf edu Gesendet Mittwoch 17 Juli 2013 07 52 An Info Betreff Datasheet SHT1x Permission Hello My name is Dmytro Boichev Iam an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida I am writing a paper for my senior design project and was wondering if I could use your figures of the Datasheet SHT1x humidity and temperature sensor Here is the link of this datasheet Thank you To pfg cs amer meas spec com Ce Subject Datasheet use permission request Calibri 12 7 B I Iq Wl Ne by y vy Ay Hello My name is Dmytro Boichey I am an electrical engineering student at the University of Central Florida I am writing a paper for my senior design project and was wondering if I could use your figures of the FMT Load Washer Cell and FX1901 Compression Load Cell in the paper The source will be specified in the paper Here are the links to the datasheets http www meas spec com downloads FX1901 pdf http www meas spec com downloads FMT pdf Thank you B Page Group 3 Name Dmytro Boichev Company Name You Must Enter a Valid Email Address for us to reply dima knights ucf edu Phone Number my Fax Number Email Address
141. us fluids e Unreliable operation with honey There is electric knife gate type of valves on the market as well Predictably they would have operated much better than the valves discussed above But they had their own disadvantages and did not meet our project goals These disadvantages were e Very expensive e Large sized e Hard to acquire Analyzing all of the options discussed above unless an inexpensive knife gate valve was to be found a decision has been made to use a mechanical knife gate valve or honey designed valve Both valves are very similar and are operated similarly Product Retailer Diameter Price Honey Gate Shop meghowe com 4 00 cm 13 50 Valve GV2 2 Gate Aquiticeco com 3 81 cm 11 85 Valve M005792 Plastic Dadant com 3 81cm 10 99 Scissors Gate Table 3 2 3 1 Mechanical Valve Gates 27 Page Group 3 From table 3 2 3 1 the first valve seems to be a better choice due to higher diameter which translates to a faster flow FULL OPEN Figure 3 2 3 1 Knife Gate Valve Permission granted from Boilersupplies However after considering our options once more and coming across a relatively cheap ball point valve we decided that we are going to use it It was fairly easy to implement and served our purposes well enough 3 2 4 Wireless Communication Technologies The automated honey extractor was to have an on board control unit and the emergency button However the te
142. we decide to choose must interface with several components These components include a screen on the unit its self the Bluetooth unit to the android device as well as sensor interface In order to meet these requirements the microcontroller must have at least 2 duplex serial lines and at least 7 analog to digital converters In order to meet the specifications an array of micro controllers was selected 33 Page Group 3 3 2 7 1 PSoC Discussion The first microcontroller chosen for evaluation is the Cypress Semiconductor PSoC Programmable socket on chip family These devices have three separate memory blocks SRAM for data Flash memory for instructions and fixed data and I O registers This selection includes small FPGA capabilities as well as several integrated libraries to incorporate other systems to the Module These other capabilities can be shown in figure 3 2 7 1 1 The pros of this system are high functionality The cons of this choice are high cost and a steep learning curve Some interesting features of the PSoC included a vast array drop in modules The board also has a large amount of analog devices This allows for an ease of design using very little off chip components The only components that must be off board are passive components such as resistors capacitors and inductors This allows for a super modular design Components such as the specified load cell could be easily implemented Figure 3 2 7 1 2 shows how to impl
143. wned by Microflex Inc was used for mechanical construction related work Another facility that was available for the group to use was the Robotics Club at the University of Central Florida s lab This lab contained a wide variety of electrical test equipment including but not limited to e Soldering stations e Power supplies e Oscilloscopes e Various electronic components This facility also contained several machines that aided in the mechanical construction of the honey extractor The machines included but were not limited to e Band saw e Drill press e 3 D printer e Computer numerically controlled mill 121 Page Group 3 Appendix A References A 1 Works Cited 1 Markal Discovering Arduino and Fascinating World of Electronics Starter Kit RSS Starter Kit 11 Oct 2010 Web 27 July 2013 2 Taranovich Steve Humidity Sensors and Signal Conditioning Choices Digi Key Digi Key Corporation nd Web 27 July 2013 lt http www digikey com us en techzone sensors resources articles humidi ty sensors and signal conditioning choices html gt B White and Landis W Doner Honey Composition and Properties Beesource Beekeeping Bee Source n d Web 27 July 2013 lt http www beesource com resources usda honey composition and properties gt 4 Roving Networks Bluetooth Data Module Command Reference amp Advanced Information User s Guide Online Available www rovingnetworks com files reso
144. y Sensor Motor Weight sensor LCD displa On board control panel Microcontroller DC Power Supply Microcontroller Code Android Development Putting together and Testing Complete System Table 8 1 2 Senior Design II Milestones 118 Page Group 3 8 2 Budget amp Financing 8 2 1 Expected Costs The table 8 2 1 1 shows the list of parts that were purchased and their respective prices Table 8 2 1 1 Bill of Materials 8 2 2 Financing Financing for this project was provided by the Boychev family The Boychev family covered costs up to one thousand dollars 1000 anything over that would not have been covered by the Boychev family If the production of the Automated Honey Extractor were to cost more than what the Boychev family was financing the remainder would have needed to been covered by the senior design group since they did not manage to complete one of the core 119 Page Group 3 requirements set by the Boychev family However since the project was completed within budget all of the costs were covered by the Boychev family The device produced by the senior design group after completion now belongs to the Boychev family The students that used their own parts in order to build the device have been compensated 8 3 Acknowledgements Throughout the process of planning the project our team received advice from a few individuals who have expe
145. y sensor and a temperature sensor as one part If the infrared temperature sensor were to not be satisfactory in our project we would have considered humidity temperature sensors that come as a one part to avoid extra complications SHT1x is the part number of a temperature humidity sensor manufactured by DF Robot It comes as a very small unit which is an advantage for our needs Another advantage of this sensor is that it has a digital instead of an analog output It is also very low power For part specifications refer to table 3 2 1 2 1 and part dimensions refer to figure 3 2 1 2 1 14 Page Group 3 1 5 0 2 2 0 09 1 1 5 0 1 sensor opening Figure 3 2 1 2 1 SHT1x Sensor Dimensions Permission granted from Sensirion The table below shows the specifications of the SHT1x sensor With its resolution accuracy and repeatability values this sensor was a good choice for the project 15 Page Group 3 see Figure 2 see Figure 2 ea tol see Figure 2 ie en a oR Hysteresis at RH Non iinearity linearized lt lt t RH Response ime ream 8 Te Operating Range o 100 RA Long term drit normai lt 0 5 6RH yr Table 3 2 1 2 1 SHT1x Specifications Permission granted from Sensirion SHT110 Accuracy Operating Response Cost Sensor Range Time Temperature 0 5C 40 to 123 8C 5 to 30 24 00 seconds Humidity 2 RH O to 100 RH 8second

Senior Design II Paper - Department of Electrical Engineering

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