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1. DY NS 100 y32_new y32 1 0 END OF BC 6 12 2015 Here we will discuss the double underlined cards in this section as they are the most important e The first set of cards is used to compute the slopes and intercepts of the straight lines used to define 24 6 12 2015 the geometry These coefficients are needed on the PLANE geometric boundary conditions below Notice how these coefficients depend on the geometrical point locations that were defined with APREPRO in the geometry file e The next line with a double underline is the Number of BC 1 card Here you can either specify the number of boundary condition cards to be read or just specify 1 in which case it will read all BC cards between it and the END oF Bc card e The first set of BCs pertains to the geometry The PLANE boundary conditions specify that the mesh along that plane must remain on the plane but may slide frictionlessly along it Note that the coefficients depend on the original geometry but that the geometry may be changed without regenerating the mesh as shown below e Note that the Bc_ U NS 2 websp card specifies that the x component of velocity along the substrate is set at the web speed defined in the geometry file This substrate is node set 2 To verify quickly that this is node set 2 run BLOT as follows blot knife exoII det nset 2 P e The next set of highlighted cards contains the VELO NORMAL condition and the KINEMATIC2. This is sheet body 1 Body 1 Journaled Command create surface 1 2 3 4 8 6 12 2015 surface 1 size 5 Journaled Command surface 1 size 5 mesh surface 1 Matching intervals successful Meshing Surface 1 Surface 1 Generated 4 elements for Surface 1 Surface 1 Surface 1 surface 1 meshing completed using scheme map Journaled Command mesh surface 1 4 Boundary Flags Sandia s EXODUS II format groups mesh information for elements and collections of nodes and element sides These collections are termed Element Blocks Node Sets and Side Sets respectively These are referenced in an analysis code by calling out a designation i e an ID assigned to these collections by the mesh generation software block 1 surface 1 Assigning Surface 1 to Element Block 1 Journaled Command block 1 surface 1 block 1 element type quad4 Journaled Command block 1 element type quad4 nodeset 1 curve 1 Journaled Command nodeset 1 curve 1 nodeset 2 curve 2 Journaled Command nodeset 2 curve 2 nodeset 3 curve 3 Journaled Command nodeset 3 curve 3 nodeset 4 curve 4 Journaled Command nodeset 4 curve 4 sideset 1 curve 1 Journaled Command sideset 1 curve 1 sideset 2 curve 2 Journaled Command sideset 2 curve 2 sideset 3 curve 3 Journaled Command sideset 3 curve 3 sideset 4 curve 4 Journaled Command sideset 4 curve 4 5 Export Mesh Setup and creation of the mesh has been completed all that remains is to save
3. SideSet 1 contains 2 exported element sides Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Sense Curve 1 Curve 1 2 All SideSet 2 contains 2 exported element sides Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Sense 10 6 12 2015 Curve 2 Curve 2 2 All SideSet 3 contains 2 exported element sides Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Sense Curve 3 Curve 3 2 All SideSet 4 contains 2 exported element sides Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Sense Curve 4 Curve 4 2 All Finished writing box exoII Removed 0 temporary NodeSets Journaled Command export genesis box exoII Thus are the basic steps followed for a typical problem If you want to iterate on the mesh the current mesh can be eliminated via delete mesh deleting 4 faces and 16 EdgeUses from database deleting 12 edges from database deleting 9 nodes from database Journaled Command delete mesh A new mesh density can be selected surface 1 size 2 or intervals can be specified along particular curves surface 1 size 2 Journaled Command surface 1 size 2 curve 1 interval 7 Journaled Command curve 1 interval 7 curve 2 interval 10 Journaled Command curve 2 interval 10 curve 2 scheme bias factor 1 2 start vertex 2 Journaled Command curve 2 scheme bias factor 1 2 start vertex 2 surface 1 scheme pave Journaled Command surface 1 scheme pave mesh surface 1 Matching intervals successful Meshing Surface 1 Surface 1 Pav
4. 01 2 0e 01 16 33 04 2 4 1e 09 1 4e 08 4 8e 09 4 0e 08 4 8e 07 4 6e 08 1 2 1e 01 2 0e 01 16 33 04 3 5 2e 16 1 5e 14 1 2e 15 5 8e 14 1 4e 12 1 8e 13 1 2 1e 01 2 0e 01 scaled solution norms 1 039568e 00 1 934510e 01 3 310054e 01 The time step starts as 1 e 3 but adjusts grows or is reduced according to the error measure defined by the Time Step Error card When you look at the results with blot which are in file out_trans exoII notice that contouring the concentration yo shows the development of concentration boundary layers as expected Also notice that all of the time planes are output into the EXODUS II file You can control this with the printing frequency card There is much more to glean from all exercises in this tutorial and this document will be continually updated see version number on Subject line This serves as an introduction to Goma and its associated pre and post processors Questions may be addressed to Randy at prschun sandia gov APPENDIX FASTO GJOIN GEN3D This section introduces and provides a tutorial on mesh generation with FASTQ GEN3D and GJOIN and subsequent database manipulation interrogation with GROPE and ALGEBRA You can read about each of these tools in your SEACAS documentation as a Sandia Technical Report for each is contained in that set FASTQ is a straight forward two dimensional mesh generator It has the ability to produce meshes on arbitrary shaped domains with both mapped and paved meshes FA
5. 30 lt Time integration steady gt Time integration transient gt delta t 1 0e 3 _34 6 12 2015 gt Maximum number of time steps 100 gt Maximum time 10 0e 0 gt Minimum time step 1 0000e 9 gt Time step parameter 0 0 gt Time step error 0 002 1 1 1 1 1 1 gt Printing Frequency 1 44 45c52 53 lt BC YFLUX ss 3 0 5 0 25 lt BC YFLUX ss 2 0 5 0 25 gt BC YFLUX ss 3 0 5 0 gt BC YFLUX ss 2 0 5 0 The differences are clear We are specifying a higher stress free solvent volume fraction MASS_FRACTION and a lower sink concentration on the mass transfer coefficient yFLUx Also notice that the Time Integration card was switched to transient and we then supply all the relevant time integration information You should consult your manual for the purpose of each card To run the transient version Goma i input_trans You will notice standard output to your screen which looks like Number of unknowns 1539 Number of matrix nonzeroes 81641 Setting MASS_FRACTION number 0 variable 4 to 0 5 gt Try for soln at t 0 001 with dt 0 001 0 for 0 BE Newton Convergence Implicit Time Step ToD itn L oo L1 L2 L_oo Li L2 lis asm slv sec 16 32 56 0 2 1le 02 9 1e 01 1 1le 01 1 0e 00 8 5e 01 8 9e 00 1 2 4e 01 1 6e 00 16 32 58 1 2 0e 03 4 2e 02 5 2e 03 2 3e 01 1 8e 01 8 1e 01 1 2 1e 01 3 4e 01 16 32 59 2 5 9e 04 6 3e 03 1 1e 03 2 3e 02 5 6e 01 4 1e 02 1 2 2e 01 2 0e 01 16 32 5
6. CUBIT After specifying the parameters and option in step 2 meshing is carried out by specifying a list of entities to mesh as above we use the surface of the volume mesh surface 1 Matching intervals successful Meshing Surface 1 Surface 1 Generated 4 elements for Surface 1 Surface 1 Surface 1 surface 1 meshing completed using scheme map Journaled Command mesh surface 1 The alternate bottom up method to reach the same stage can be executed with the following commands these are listed only for illustration and comparison unless you wish to investigate CUBIT further create vertex 0 0 Creation of Vertex 1 Vertex 1 Successful Journaled Command create vertex 0 0 create vertex 1 0 Creation of Vertex 2 Vertex 2 Successful Journaled Command create vertex 1 0 create vertex 11 Creation of Vertex 3 Vertex 3 Successful Journaled Command create vertex 1 1 create vertex 0 1 Creation of Vertex 4 Vertex 4 Successful Journaled Command create vertex 0 1 create curve 1 2 Creation of Curve 1 Curve 1 Successful Journaled Command create curve 1 2 create curve 2 3 Creation of Curve 2 Curve 2 Successful Journaled Command create curve 2 3 create curve 3 4 Creation of Curve 3 Curve 3 Successful Journaled Command create curve 3 4 create curve 4 1 Creation of Curve 4 Curve 4 Successful Journaled Command create curve 4 1 create surface 1 2 3 4 Creation of Surface 1 Surface 1 Successful
7. Newton iteration Conveniently these can be overridden from the Goma execute command line as described in the manual and demonstrated below This is handy when making several continuation steps to get within the radius of convergence The next relevant section is the all important boundary condition section SET c s to zero for 2D problem c1 0 c2 0 c3 0 c4 0 c5 0 c6 0 c7 0 c8 0 Calculate coefficients for general equation a x b y c z d 0 a2 y20 y23 x23 x20 d2 y23 a2 x23 b2 1 23 NB this is a vertical line b3 x20 x40 y40 y20 d3 x40 b3 y40 a3 1 NB this could be a vertical line b5 x41 x31 y31 y41 d5 x31 b5 y31 a5 1 a6 y31 y32_new x32_new x31 d6 y32_new a6 x32_new b6 1 Number of BC 1 BC PLANE SS 2 a2 b2 c2 d2 BC PLANE SS 3 a3 b3 c3 d3 BC PLANE SS 4 0 1 0 H BC PLANE SS 5 a5 b5 c5 d5 BC PLANE SS 6 a6 b6 c6 d6 BC PLANE SS 8 1 0 0 S BC U NS 2 websp BC V NS 2 0 BC V NS 3 0 BC VNS 4 0 BC U NS 5 0 BC V NS 5 0 BC U NS 6 0 BC V NS 6 0 BC VELO NORMAL SS 7 0 SSBC KINEMATIC SS 7 0 SSBC CAPILLARY SS 7 1 0 0 0 SSBC CAP ENDFORCE NS 200 1 0 0 1 SBC V NS 8 0 BC VELO_TANGENT ss 8 0 0 0 0 BC DX NS 100 x32_new x32 1 0 BC
8. and manipulate EXODUS II files Often times you want to extract a value of a variable at a specific location node or along a specific side side set like pressure along a permeable substrate for instance GROPE can be used to do this The documentation is fairly complete and easy to understand e ALGEBRA is similar to GROPE but allows you to define other variables based on your current nodal variable set For instance you may want to plot only dimensional quantities even though your EXODUS file contains nondimensional ones In ALGEBRA you can define dimensional versions and output a new EXODUS file with those versions to be plotted by BLOT Again the documentation for ALGEBRA is complete and easy to understand 3 CUBIT CUBIT is a two and three dimensional finite element mesh generation toolkit The CUBIT Development Team at Sandia National Laboratories has developed and maintains this toolkit for the most part But since 2005 or thereabouts CUBIT is being distributed with commercial licenses for a fee Toolkit and licensing information for CUBIT can be found at their website http cubit sandia gov and also at www csimsoft com The CUBIT Development Team hosts biannual training classes Introductory and Advanced so we will not attempt to duplicate these sessions Our purpose here is to provide rudimentary skills to carry a user through the required mesh development stage necessary for Goma training CUBIT can be run in three modes inte
9. of this session BLOT gt log We will use this log file to record all of our BLOT commands and re execute them in this tutorial Type detour to enter the contouring and vectoring subroutine BLOT gt det our Note that you need only type det You have many options here but the first is to see what variables you have available to you for plotting You can do this one of two ways When you first entered BLOT you noticed just below the banner page it listed the nodal variables available Another way is to issue the command DETOUR gt list names which results in Variables Names History Global Nodal VX VY VZ P PRESSURE RMX RMY RMZ Element Notice here we have three nodal velocity components a nodal pressure and three more components of the residuals of the momentum equations Once we know what can be plotted lets first look at the mesh This is default but can be forced at any time with the wire command DETOUR gt wire DETOUR gt p These two commands will show you the mesh from a viewing angle parallel with the z axis To rotate the view use the rotate commands viz DETOUR gt rotate x 45 DETOUR gt rotate y 45 DETOUR gt p Now let s look at the velocity vectors To do this issue the commands 16 6 12 2015 DETOUR gt vect vx vy vz DETOUR gt p You will notice the velocity vectors on the symmetry plane of the die at Z 0 There are ways to slice up the domain and look at so called he
10. 1 web length from top of slide W 3 0 h1 coating nip die face and web G 0 4 h1 MESH PARAMETERS no_elem_along_slide 17 no_elem_along_slide1 7 no_elem_layer_1 3 no_elem_layer_2 3 no_elem_across_film no_elem_layer_1 no elem layer 2 no_elem_across_gap 5 no_elem_along_ web 12 When this tutorial problem was created we did not use CUBIT to generate mesh Instead we employed FASTQ a mesh generation program included in SEACAS distribution As of this time we have not updated the tutorial to use a CUBIT journal file for this slide coater problem So the syntax below is that for FASTQ However we can run this file through the CUBIT translator for FASTQ One could use these same parameter definitions in a CUBIT journal file of course FASTQ CUBIT INPUT FILE slide fas include Defs This section begins the FASTQ input deck sections Point 1 x1 G yl S sin alpha Point 2 x2 G S cos alpha y2 0 Point 3 x3 x2 h1 cos PI 2 alpha y3 y2 h1 sin PI 2 alpha NB the factor of 2 here is to make the initial guess better Point 4 x4 G y4 yl1 h1 sin PI 2 alpha 2 Point 5 x5 h2 y5 Gty4 Point 555 x4 x4 x5 3 y4ty5 2 Point 8 x8 0 y8 S sin alpha G Point 6 x6 h2 y6 Wty8 Point 7 x7 0 y7 W y8 Point 9 x9 0 y9 y5 Point 20 x20 x2 x3 2 y20 y2 y3 2 Point 21 x21 x1 y21 yl y4 2 Point 22 x22 x8 x4 2 y22 y8
11. 2 1 0000 1 2 3 4 POINT POINT POINT POINT LINE LINE LINE LINE REGION SCHEME SCHEME BODY NODEBC NODEBC NODEBC NODEBC ELEMBC ELEMBC ELEMBC ELEMBC RENUM NINE EXIT or BWNHRFAWNHEH e zg K 0 He ooo o amp BWHOe BWDNHE amp WDHOeE AUNE Notice that all of your commands were journaled in this file To regenerate the mesh just type fastq box fas Engineering Analysis Access Procedure for fastq Revision 1 93 Date 1996 06 04 22 08 33 Input options box fas WELCOME TO FASTQ DATE 03 05 97 TIME 15 58 51 VERSION FASTQ 2 3X Copyright 1988 Sandia Corporation The U S Government retains a limited license in this software as prescribed in AL 88 1 and AL 91 7 Export of this program may require a license from the United States Government FILE SUCCESSFULLY READ TITLE NUMBER OF POINTS READ 4 42 6 12 2015 NUMBER OF LINES READ 4 NUMBER OF REGIONS READ 1 NUMBER OF SCHEMES READ 1 ENTER OPTION From here just enter m p g p to see the mesh followed by a w to write it out For practice edit the fastq file in the following way vi box fas Change the number of intervals on the lines to larger uneven numbers and the scheme to X for paving i e change LINE 1 STR 1 2 0 2 1 0000 LINE 2 STR 2 3 0 2 1 0000 LINE 3 STR 3 4 0 2 1 0000 LINE 4 STR 4 1 0 2 1 0000 REGION 1 1 1 2 3 4 SCHEME 1 Mye SCHEME OM to LINE 1 STR 1 2 0 5 1 0000 L
12. 9 3 3 6e 05 2 0e 04 6 0e 05 1 5e 03 2 4e 02 2 1e 03 1 2 1e 01 1 9e 01 16 32 59 4 1 8e 07 7 0e 07 2 6e 07 1 2e 05 3 8e 05 1 4e 05 1 2 2e 01 1 9e 01 16 33 00 5 4 3e 12 1 8e 11 6 0e 12 2 6e 10 8 3e 10 3 4e 10 1 2 2e 01 1 9e 01 16 33 00 6 4 0e 16 1 2e 14 1 0e 15 3 4e 14 1 0e 12 1 1e 13 1 2 1e 01 2 0e 01 scaled solution norms 1 013227e 00 1 777290e 01 3 300731e 01 CONSTANT DELTA T 1 le 02 4 1e 03 1 3e 01 Predictor corrector norm ld ly 1 P gt Try for soln at t 0 002 with dt 0 001 1 for 1 BE Newton Convergence Implicit Time Step ToD itn L oo L 1 L 2 L oo Li L 2 lis asm slv sec 16 33 01 0 1 3e 02 7 1le 01 7 4e 02 1 0e 00 8 1e 01 8 9e 00 1 2 1e 01 1 9e 01 35 6 12 2015 16 33 01 1 2 0e 04 5 4e 03 6 7e 04 9 8e 03 3 3e 00 1 5e 01 1 16 33 02 2 1 8e 06 2 9e 05 3 6e 06 7 6e 05 1 3e 02 5 5e 04 1 2 1e 01 2 0e 01 16 33 02 3 4 0e 10 2 0e 09 5 7e 10 1 9e 08 4 5e 06 2 1e 07 1 2 1e 01 2 0e 01 16 33 02 4 3 5e 16 1 3e 14 9 5e 16 5 9e 14 1 8e 12 1 4e 13 1 2 1e 01 2 0e 01 scaled solution norms 1 026663e 00 1 858727e 01 3 301558e 01 2 1e 01 1 9e 01 CONSTANT DELTA T 2 2e 03 2 4e 03 1 3e 01 Predictor corrector norm ld ly 1P gt Try for soln at t 0 003 with dt 0 001 2 for 2 BE Newton Convergence Implicit Time Step ToD itn L oo L1 L2 L_oo L1 L2 lis asm slv sec 16 33 03 0 1 8e 03 9 0e 02 1 0e 02 1 3e 02 1 4e 00 6 5e 02 1 2 1e 01 2 0e 01 16 33 03 1 1 8e 05 3 8e 04 4 0e 05 1 9e 04 1 4e 02 6 1e 04 1 2 1e
13. BDA Stress Free Solvent Vol Frac INCOMP_PSTRAIN NONE CONSTANT 100 CONSTANT 0 CONSTANT 0 Now let us run the steady and transient problems as identified in the 5 steps below 1 First generate the mesh CUBIT gt import fastq film fas CUBIT gt mesh surface all 33 6 12 2015 CUBIT gt block 1 surface 1 CUBIT gt block 2 surface 2 CUBIT gt block 1 2 element type QUAD9 CUBIT gt export genesis film exoII OR WITH FASTQ fastq a film fas ENTER OPTION m p g p ENTER MESH GRAPICS OPTION ENTER MESH OPTION w GENESIS DATABASE OUTPUT FILE NAME film gen ENTER MESH OPTION exit 2 Run Goma Goma i input_steady 3 Look at results blot out_steady exoII det P cont y0 you will notice that there is no variation in concentration since we are at steady state conditions cont e22 P cont t11 P exit This is a steady version of the curl problem The stresses in the film are sustained by resistance of the substrate to deformation We can run this problem in a transient fashion and watch the concentration profiles develop To do this you must use the Goma input deck called input_trans in the same directory Issue the following UNIX diff command diff input_steady input_trans and you will see 5c5 lt Output EXODUS II file out_steady exoII gt Output EXODUS II file out_trans exolII 18c18 lt Initialize MASS FRACTION 0 0 25 gt Initialize MASS FRACTION 0 0 5 22c22
14. C or side set and each NODEBC or node set That is after this file is processed with APREPRO those names are just converted into numbers but including this file in the Goma input file allows us to refer to the side set and node set numbers by name 1 Let us go ahead and process this file into a mesh To do this we need to read it into FASTQ but not before we process it through APREPRO viz cubit CUBIT gt import fastq geometry CUBIT gt mesh surface all CUBIT gt block 1 surface all CUBIT gt block 1 element type QUAD9 CUBIT gt export genesis knife exoII overwrite one could do the same with fastq following the instructions in APPENDIX A fastq a geometry ENTER OPTION m ni op p g p ENTER MESH GRAPHICS OPTION w GENESIS DATABASE OUTPUT FILE NAME knife gen ENTER MESH OPTION exit Note here that we turned on the nine node quad option with ni and the optimize option with op These options are toggle switches and can be put into the FASTQ input file as a NINE and a RENUM card respectively Make sure you have generated a nine node quad mesh i e make sure FASTQ tells you this 21 6 12 2015 kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxkkk x MESH PROCESSING COMPLETED lt kida THREE NODE BARS OUTPUT wk ia NINE NODE QUADS OUTPUT EN WITH NODE AND ELEMENT NUMBERING OPTIMIZED x LARGEST NODE DIFFERENCE PER ELEMENT 52 NODES 427 ELEMENTS 92 MATERIALS 1 kkkxkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
15. INE 2 STR 2 3 0 _7 1 0000 LINE 3 STR 3 4 0 10 1 0000 LINE 4 STR 4 1 0 10 1 0000 REGION 1 1 1 2 3 4 SCHEME 1 Xye SCHEME 0 X Now regenerate the mesh with fastq box fas m p g P Note how you now have an unstructured mesh in the same region Remember the EXODUS file that is generated by fastq is in EXODUS I format You must use exlex2v2 to convert it to an EXODUS II format for use in Goma We will now take this box and extrude it into a square channel with cen3Dp This is actually simple and we encourage you to read the GEN3D manual to find out how to make more complicated shapes Actually this only works with a 4 node quad being extruded into 8 node bricks or hexes So rerun fastq first and toggle the nine node option off in the mesh generator and save the result in box exo gen3d box exo channel exo At the GEN3D prompt enter the following GEN3D gt translate 10 5 10 11 43 6 12 2015 and you will see Translate mesh 10 times for a total of 5 000 Then to add on front and back node sets issue the following commands GEN3D gt nset front 10 GEN3D gt nset back 20 GEN3D gt sset front 10 GEN3D gt sset back 20 GEN3D gt exit Now to look at your results we will use BLOT but the tutorial for BLOT is below so we will show just basic commands here blot channel exo det rotate x 45 y 45 P nset P sset P These commands will pop an X window and show you the 3D mesh with the side and node sets GJOIN is
16. LUX ss 3 0 5 0 25 BC YFLUX ss 2 0 5 0 25 HEHEHE EH END OF BC HEHEHE ETH Note here that we are pinning node set i e NS 100 with the DX and DY conditions This is point 1 in the geometry file and is identified in fi1m fas as the first pornesc card You can confirm this by looking at ilm exo1I with BLOT and turning on display of nset 100 Also we are constraining side sets 4 and 7 SS 4 and 7 see file film fas to stay on the x 0 plane with the PLANE boundary condition this is the clamped end Finally we are specifying a lumped parameter mass transfer model along the surface of the film so that the mass flux of Species 0 follows a 5 0 Concn 0 25 specification at the surface The next section or problem description section contains several instructive features 31 6 12 2015 Problem Description Section 4 12 Number of Materials 2 MAT coating 1 Coordinate System CARTESIAN Element Mapping isoparametric Mesh Motion LAGRANGIAN Number of bulk species 1 Number of EQ 4 EQ meshl Q2 D1 Q2 0 0 0 1 0 EQ mesh2 Q2 D2 Q2 0 0 0 1 0 EQ continuity P1 P P1 1 1 EQ species bulk Q2 Y Q2 T Le 1 Tey 0 div ms adv bnd dif src porous MAT substrate 2 Coordinate System CARTESIAN Element Mapping isoparametric Mesh Motion LAGRANGIAN Number of bulk species 0 Number of EQ 3 EQ meshl Q2 D1 Q2 0 Oo 0 I 0 EQ mesh2 Q2 D2 Q2 0 0 0 1 0 EQ continuity P1 P P1 1 1 div m
17. List the files in the directory and you will notice a file called 3ddie ps This is the postscript file that can be sent to a printer 8 One final trick and something that can be added to a Frequently Asked Questions FAQ list To remove all of the border axes version information and frame of the plot in the postscript file so that the file might be cleanly imported into a wordprocessing document can be accomplished in two ways The first is to just do a screen capture of the plot while running BLOT in the X window default mode Most Unix systems have this capability like xwd etc which can produce a bit map file that can be cropped or edited This approach is highly machine dependent Some word processing software also supports this utility like FrameMaker capture command from the file utility menu Perhaps an easier way is to issue the following commands in DETOUR upon entering DETOUR gt legend off DETOUR gt qa off DETOUR gt axis off DETOUR gt outline off Any plotting performed subsequent to these commands will not have these features You may want to leave the legend on and turn the others off 9 Seriously this is the last trick When visualizing a transient data set BLOT scales the min and max for contouring globally This means if a field is evolving over time e g a temperature is rising from zero to over 1000 deg C then the contours on all time planes are scaled from 0 to 1000 This means that on early time planes you w
18. N HOOKEAN PSTRAIN NONE CONSTANT CONSTANT CONSTANT oor The constitutive equation is INCOMP_PSTRAIN i e incompressible plane strain The fact that it is incompressible necessitates the solution of the continuity equation and the pressure unknowns The Lame MU and Lame LAMDA coefficients are actually Poisson s ratio and the bulk modulus when using nonlinear constitutive equations You ll notice the shear modulus is zero because the constitutive equation is incompressible Lame mu then becomes Young s modulus Finally the stress free solvent volume fraction is set to 0 5 this is simply the solvent volume fraction at which the film is stress free The only other significant input in the coating mat file to discuss is that which specifies the species diffusivity Species Properties Diffusion Constitutive Equation Diffusivity Latent Heat Vaporization Latent Heat Fusion Vapor Pressure Species Volume Expansion Reference Concentration Section 5 6 FICKIAN CONSTANT CONSTANT CONSTANT CONSTANT CONSTANT CONSTANT ooooo o oook Note that the species number is 0 and the value is 1 If you had more than one species you would repeat this group of cards In the substrate mat file you will notice that the same constitutive equations are employed and that the substrate is treated as incompressible but with a much higher modulus Solid Constitutive Equation Convective Lagrangian Velocity Lame MU Lame LAM
19. ON KNIFE COATING In the tutorial directory there is a subdirectory called knife Change directories into knife and view the files You will notice files called geometry and knife_input This first task is to discuss the details of these files so you understand what it takes to run this problem The file geomet ry actually serves two purposes one is to define or parameterize the problem in terms of familiar quantities like knife angle bevel angle coating speed etc and the second is to serve as a CUBIT FASTQ input file for the mesh Recall from the APREPRO tutorial that you could make this two files one definitions file and one CUBIT FASTQ input file Using the APREPRO include statement the definitions file could be incorporated by reference into the CUBIT FASTQ input but in this case we have combined them One could certainly convert this FASTQ input file to a CUBIT journal file That exercise is left to the reader The geometry file looks like this Thermo Physical Properties all units mks Base viscosity visc 0 01 density densi 1 e3 surface tension st 0 03 gravity grav 9 8 GEOMETRY AND OPERATING CONDITIONS MKS gap leading edge to substrate Gap 0 0005 blade thickness d 0 002 final thickness guess for geometry Gap bevel angle of blade tip alpha PI 3 2 alpha_new PI 3 2 angle of blade face with gravity beta PI 10 beta_new PI 10
20. SAND2014 3520P fh Sandia National Laboratories Operated for the U S Department of Energy by Sandia Corporation Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 Date 6 12 2015 To Goma 6 0 Open Source User Community From P Randall Schunk Department 7911 Subject Goma and SEACAS tutorial for new users GT 001 9 MODEL PROCEDURE This memo is the beginning of an extensive tutorial documentation designed to teach the details of using Goma to solve complex problems This particular tutorial is designed to give the beginning user practice in running a complete analysis using SEACAS and Goma from the model definition to mesh generation to simulation to visualization This particular tutorial is aimed at coating and related processing flow applications However it should be useful to a wider audience To run through this tutorial you need a tutorial subdirectory Hopefully what follows will enable the beginning user to get a feel for the capabilities limitations and proper procedure for running Goma together with the pre and post processing capabilities in SEACAS on two problems of relevance to continuous liquid film coatings Eventually the contents of this tutorial will be included in the user documentation but for now it should be used as a supplement First it is important for new users to put the code Goma into perspective We highly recommend that you read the first three chapters of the Goma 6 0 user s manual as an introduction gom
21. STQ is needed to generate the input mesh file an EXODUS II file for Goma The tutorial below will instruct you how to do this Asa take home assignment here locate the FASTQ FLOWCHART figure on page 21 of the FASTQ user s manual illustrating the layered command structure Make a photocopy of that page and paste it on your wall next to your computer This page is easily the most valuable reference in the manual NOTE Since about 2002 FASTQ is rarely used as a mesh generator as several mainstream geometry CAD based mesh generators like PATRAN Solid Works and Sandia s product and now commercially avaialble CUBIT Nonetheless it is useful to be aware of FASTQ s capabilities in case you are ever on a computer without access to these high end mesh generators 36 6 12 2015 Regarding the cheat sheet you will notice on the page that the command structure is layered When you start FASTQ you are in the top left most layer There you can do a number of things To see what these are just look at the cheat sheet or type help At all layers you can type help or to get the list of commands expected Typing a command typically just its first letter or first two letters which selcts an option versus one that executes a function sends you down into that layer To go up a layer just hit return or place an extra comma at the beginning of a string of commands The tutorial below illustrates this Once you have wr
22. a github io Goma 6 0 is currently considered a production code which solves simultaneously any combination of four branches of continuum mechanical equations momentum transport in a fluid e g the Navier Stokes equations momentum transport in a solid e g the stress balance for an elastic solid convective diffusion transport of energy and convective diffusion transport of an arbitrary number of species Auxiliary to these branches of mechanics Goma also supports a host of related transport and definition equations Examples include but are not limited to the voltage equation viscoelastic constitutive equations Reynolds lubrication equations Reynolds film flow equations and many more Most limitations of Goma stem from the lack of boundary conditions for specialized situations and from the lack of material models for specialized material behavior For this reason we have implemented a user defined subroutine capability that allows for a wide range of customization and generalization Perhaps the most unique feature of Goma is that all nonlinear algebraic equations that result from the finite element discretization of the continuum differential equations are solved simultaneously including all boundary conditions and constraints with Newton s method In other words all solution Exceptional Service in the National Interest 2 6 12 2015 sensitivity is embodied in a single matrix called a Jacobian matrix The availability of this m
23. a tool that can be used to join 2D and 3D meshes into larger meshes Together with FASTQ and GEN3D some very complex meshes can be constructed For now we will not demo GJOIN and refer you to the documentation which has some nice examples GROPE can be used to extract and manipulate EXODUS I or EXODUS II files Often times you want to extract a value of a variable at a specific location node or along a specific side side set like pressure along a permeable substrate for instance GROPE can be used to do this The documentation is fairly complete and easy to understand ALGEBRA is similar to GROPE but allows you to define other variables based on your current nodal variable set For instance you may want to plot only dimensional quantities even though your EXODUS file contains nondimensional ones In ALGEBRA you can define dimensional versions and output a new EXODUS file with those versions to be plotted by BLOT Again the documentation for ALGEBRA is complete and easy to understand
24. across inflow 0 8 Line 21 STR 21 22 0 no_elem_under blade 1 Line 22 STR 22 23 0 no_elem_along outflow 1 2 Line 40 STR 40 41 0 no_elem_across_ inflow_back_ side 1 0 Line 31 STR 31 32 0 no_elem_under blade 1 Line 32 STR 32 33 0 no_elem_along outflow 1 2 Line 100 STR 10 20 0 no_elem_across_ substrate 1 Line 110 STR 20 40 0 no_elem_across_inflow_back_ side 1 Line 120 STR 41 31 0 no_elem_along blade 0 8 Line 200 STR 31 21 0 no_elem_across_ layer 1 Line 210 STR 32 22 0 no_elem_across layer 1 Line 220 STR 33 23 0 no_elem_across layer 1 Line 240 STR 23 13 0 no_elem_across_ substrate 1 SSREGION 4 2 100 10 11 12 240 22 21 20 REGION 1 1 20 200 120 40 110 REGION 2 1 200 21 210 31 REGION 3 1 210 22 220 32 BODY 1 2 3 SCHEME 1 X SCHEME 2 M SCHEME 3 M SCHEME 4 M POINBC 100 32 POINBC 200 33 NODEBC substrate_ns 2 20 21 22 20 6 12 2015 NODEBC inflow_back_ns 3 110 NODEBC inflow_top_ns 4 40 NODEBC blade face _ns 5 120 NODEBC blade tip _ns 6 31 NODEBC outflow_plane ns 8 220 ELEMBC substrate ss 2 20 21 22 ELEMBC inflow_back_ss 3 110 ELEMBC inflow_top_ss 4 40 ELEMBC blade face _ss 5 120 ELEMBC blade tip _ss 6 31 ELEMBC free surface ss 7 32 ELEMBC outflow plane ss 8 220 EXIT Notice how the points and the lines are expressed in terms of the defined parameters like blade thickness gap bevel angle etc Also notice that we have defined names for each ELEMB
25. ation of Sandia developed analysis codes The system also includes some previously released finite element software for solid fluid and thermal analysis Additionally extensive documentation exists on several forms including a comprehensive user manual designed as a reference manual an advanced capabilities manual for additional and unique design to analysis capabilities for linear stability augmenting conditions and automated continuation thin shell equation manual and tutorial additional usage tutorials and tech memo This suite of documentation can be obtained from Sandia We should also mention that while mesh generation and post processing visualization tools are available in SEACAS they are very dated and not recommended with the post processing tool blot being the exception We recommend the users acquire Paraview opensource www paraview org or Ensight for visualization and Cubit Trellis www csimsoft com for mesh generation This tutorial will focus on the first two software distributions and is arranged as follows 1 Introduction to the finite element database i e file ExodusII Exodus libraries and translators exotxt txtexo ncdump ncgen etc 2 Tools for generating manipulating and interrogating meshes and mesh data CUBIT GROPE ALGEBRA etc 3 APREPRO An algebraic preprocessor for parameterizing finite element analysis or any analysis for that matter 3 6 12 2015 4 BLOT A post process
26. atrix will be exploited in our stability frequency response and optimization wrappers in later releases DESCRIPTION OF THE SOFTWARE The two main distributions of software required for ease of analysis using Goma are e Goma 6 0 is a finite element program which excels in analyses of multiphysical processes particularly those involving the major branches of mechanics viz fluid solid mechanics energy transport and chemical species transport Goma is based on a full Newton coupled algorithm which allows for simultaneous solution of the governing principles making the code ideally suited for problems involving closely coupled bulk mechanics and interfacial phenomena Example applications include but are not limited to coating and polymer processing flows super alloy processing welding soldering electrochemical processes and solid network or solution film drying This document serves as a user s guide and reference e SEACAS Sandia developed Engineering Analysis Code Access System SEACAS a modular system based upon a common binary data file format called EXODUS II which includes the mesh description and the time planes of the computed results Most existing Sandia mechanics codes including those mentioned herein and all new Sandia developed mechanics codes employ this database The SEACAS system consists of pre and post processing codes translation codes support libraries and scripts all designed to ease engineering applic
27. condition The first step of obtaining a solution here is to do so on a fixed grid In this case we need to comment out the KINEMATIC card note that we use in the first two columns but you can do whatever you want and solve the equations with the VELO NORMAL boundary condition The VELO NORMAL condition specifies that no penetration is allowed across that side set in this case side set 7 but in the absence of any other conditions allows the fluid to slip freely along the side set Run BLOT again to verify that this is the downstream meniscus blot knife exoII det sset 7 P e Below we will change out the VELO NORMAL condition for the KINEMATIC condition when we allow the surface to go free e Finally the CAPILLARY card and the CAP_ENDFORCE card are used to apply surface tension to the surface We will demonstrate these below The next relevant section is that of the Problem Description 25 6 12 2015 FETE HEHE HE FE HE HE H EH Problem Description Section 4 12 Number of Materials 1 MAT coating liq 1 Coordinate System CARTESIAN Mesh Motion ARBITRARY Number of bulk species 0 Number of EQ 5 EQ meshl Q1 D1 Q1 0 0 0 1 0 EQ mesh2 Q1 D2 Q1 Oo 0 0 1 0 EQ momentuml Q2 U1 Q2 0 1 1 1 0 0 EQ momentum2 Q2 U2 Q2 0 1 1 1 0 0 EQ continuity P1 P P1 di 0 div ms adv bnd dif src porous Notice here that the material file from which Goma will seek the material properties is ca
28. cription 1 e points and lines and velocity boundary conditions One of APREPRO s many useful features is that it can be used to evaluate simple arithmetic expressions and substitute the results where appropriate The basic syntax is that any expression in curly braces is evaluated and the result is substituted upon output This example illustrates the concept please read the APREPRO manual for other more extensive features SLIDE COATING DEFINITION FILE FILE Defs Thermo Physical Properties all units mks viscosity viscl 0 01 visc2 0 01 density densil 1 e3 densi2 1 e3 surface tension stl 0 07 st2 0 07 gravity grav 9 8 OPERATING CONDITIONS final thickness layer 1 finthl 45 e 6 final thickness layer 2 finth2 45 e 6 webspeed websp 1 flowrate layer 1 ql websp finth1 flowrate layer 2 q2 websp finth2 slide angle with horizontal alpha PI 10 angle of web and gravity vector beta 0 12 6 12 2015 CALCULATION OF FILM THICKNESSES NB DENSITIES AND VISC OF BOTH LAYERS ARE THE SAME FOR NOW cosab cos PI 2 alphatbeta denom densil grav abs cosab viscl qla ql q2 denom thisll 3 qla 1 3 thisl2 0 Thin out initial guess a little more slide film thickness hl thisll this12 web film thickness h2 finthl finth2 slide length S 7 0 h
29. cting lines with 2 intervals on each line FACTOR defaults to 1 gt 1 12 2 gt 2 23 2 gt 3 3 4 2 gt 4 412 gt To see this geometry again enter 19 P 38 6 12 2015 Now go back to the keyin mode to enter the region side set and node set info f k 1 r ARE YOU USING SIDES IN DEFINING REGIONS Type no for this case because sides are defined as a collection of lines In this case we will define our region with a collection of lines ARE YOU USING SIDES IN DEFINING REGIONS no ENTER REGION DATA IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT REGION NO MATERIAL NO LINE 1 LINE 2 LINEN HIT RETURN TO END INPUT gt In response to this just list out the region number the material number and the lines in a continuously connected circuit gt 111234 Note here that the region label is 1 and the material label is also 1 These are just names or labels used in the Goma input deck to reference regions each of which may have a different number of defining equations etc We are now ready to generate a mesh Return up a level and using the help command locate the M ESH command for generating the mesh Alternatively enter 7m Now enter s to begin step processing and follow the prompts You should read about all of the options for meshing standard primitives etc within the FASTQ manual For this tutorial enter the following sequence where your response to the prompt is indicated by a double und
30. de fas which in turn includes the Defs file cubit From the command line window CUBIT gt import fastq slide fas or you can import the aprepro d file CUBIT import fastq dum fas That is CUBIT automatically processes APREPRO syntax Most of the tools in SEACAS which take or read in text input files support a a option which automatically runs the text input file through APREPRO before reading the file FASTQ and Goma are two such tools as is demonstrated here and below 5 BLOT A postprocessor The BLOT program can be used to visualize an EXODUS II file by displaying the mesh and vector contour plots of various quantities It even allows for time history plots of quantities from particular points and some simple x y plots from slices in the domain It supports several device drivers including X windows the default and what you will be looking at on your screen and postscript for obtaining hard copies BLOT is NOT for high end high quality graphics and some have said that it will become obsolete by 1995 Well here we are in 2015 and BLOT is used extensively at Sandia for no other reason than it is a quick and dirty visualizer that takes no memory no start up time and is expedient Basically BLOT is arranged in a multilayered structure but its accompanying documentation and online help facility are not as good At the upper most level called BLOT gt the user has several choices including 1og for sav
31. dge hog plots but those will not be covered here Now look at the contours of various variables over the surfaces DETOUR gt contour pressure DETOUR gt p DETOUR gt vx DETOUR gt p You will notice the contours in these series of the pressure and the x component of velocity You can adjust the number of contours as follows DETOUR gt ncntrs 40 DETOUR gt p And then you can paint the contours as follows DETOUR gt paint DETOUR gt spectrum 40 DETOUR gt p Here you have specified 40 colors to the color spectrum Additional rotations can be performed note that incremental rotations are all additive Try DETOUR gt rotate x 90 DETOUR gt p This rotates about the x axis 90 degrees To reset all rotations and all other settings DETOUR gt reset DETOUR gt p To exit BLOT DETOUR gt exit To obtain hard copies you must generate a postscript file First recall that you saved a log file up above This file was saved as 3ddie blot log N B YOU MUST COPY THIS FILE INTO ANOTHER NAME BEFORE YOU START UP BLOT AGAIN OR IT WILL GET BLOWN AWAY Issue the command cp 3ddie blot log blot log Here you add a switch on the BLOT startup line blot device cps 3ddie exoII 17 6 12 2015 Here we will re execute all of the BLOT commands by loading the log file BLOT gt cmdfile blot log You will notice that BLOT automatically executes the commands in the log file which we encourage you to look at and exits automatically
32. er grid cell factor changed to 5 2 for surface 1 Cleaning up paved mesh 11 6 12 2015 Smoothing Surface Mesh Generated 45 elements for Surface 1 Surface 1 Surface 1 surface 1 meshing completed using scheme pave Journaled Command mesh surface 1 Of course CUBIT is a very sophisticated solid model meshing package and we highly recommend their tutorials and their courses which are very valuable 4 APREPRO APREPRO A PRE PROcessor is a tool that can be used to parameterize problems in terms of more familiar quantities Basically it is a text processor which allows the user to evaluate expressions and define variables according to a prescribed syntax The output is also a text file which has all prescribed APREPRO syntax removed Clearly we can use this tool to generate input files or decks for CUBIT and Goma In this section we will give one brief example of how APREPRO can be used to parameterize a coating problem in terms of more familiar quantities but we highly encourage you to read the manual insert in your documentation and study the tutorial examples below to get a feel for the extent of its capabilities APREPRO TUTORIAL Suppose we wanted to parameterize a two layer slide coating flow in terms of quantities like inlet flow rate or final film thickness slide inclination angle web angle with vertical coating nip slide length etc Goma and CUBIT require hard numbers to be input for geometry des
33. erline _ ENTER OPTION m s MESH PROCESSING BEGUN INITIAL CHECK BEGUN FOR REGION 4 STEP PROCESS REGIONS I1 THROUGH I2 gt 1 1 NOW PROCESSING REGION Sh OINITIAL MESH DEFINED USING THIS SCHEME M USE CURRENT SCHEME TO BEGIN PROCESSING y GENERAL RECTANGLE PRIMITIVE PROCESSING USED FURTHER PROCESSING STEPS yes WF SMOOTHING PARAMETER FOR ISOPARAMETIC SET TO 0 800 REGION 1 SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED AND SAVED 39 6 12 2015 PROCESS ADDITIONAL REGIONS no NUMBERING OF GENERATED OUTPUT BEGUN kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk kk MESH PROCESSING COMPLETED x NODES 9 ELEMENTS 4 MATERIALS 1 KK KKK KKK KKK KKK KKK KEK KE KKK KK KKK KEK KEK KEKE KKK KEKE ENTER MESH OPTION You will note that we processed this mesh stepwise which in this case was a single step since the mesh contained just one region The mesh scheme m entered above is for a mapped mesh You could have entered x for a paved mesh We will practice this in the tutorial session To actually view the mesh just enter the graphics mode under the mesh layer to plot up the mesh g P FASTQ is in one of two graphics sublayers as you recall there is one under the top layer for viewing the geometry Now you need to add boundary information so Goma will know how to access the boundaries to apply boundary conditions We will put in both node set and side set information from the b oundary section under the keyin mode The di
34. erm the multiplier also multiplies the same term i e it is not recommended to use these terms to input physical properties although one could The remainder of the Goma input deck specifies output for the resulting EXODUS II file out exoII in this case including specific user selected auxiliary fields that will be computed You can read about these cards in the manual Now it is time to run this knife coating problem First we will get a solution on a fixed grid For this we will leave the knife_input file as is and execute Goma a i knife input 26 6 12 2015 Note that we use the a switch to head knife_input and coating _liq mat through APREPRO before Goma After several screens worth of informational junk which we will eventually put into a file you will see Number of unknowns 1374 Number of matrix nonzeroes 70646 Residual Correction ToD itn L_oo Li L2 L_oo Li L2 lis asm slv sec 17 13 35 0 2 2e 04 7 6e 03 7 8e 04 2 5e 01 9 2e 02 1 2e 02 1 2 2e 01 5 0e 02 17 14 05 1 1 6e 04 5 8e 03 5 4e 04 2 0e 00 7 2e 01 7 7e 00 1 1 8e 01 4 0e 02 17 14 14 2 3 6e 05 1 3e 03 1 4e 04 6 3e 02 2 9e 00 2 8e 01 1 1 8e 01 3 0e 02 17 14 23 3 6 7e 07 1 9e 05 2 2e 06 1 3e 03 7 1e 02 7 1e 03 1 1 9e 01 3 0e 02 17 14 32 4 2 1e 10 5 5e 09 6 4e 10 6 8e 07 4 0e 05 4 1e 06 1 1 9e 01 3 0e 02 17 14 40 5 1 5e 17 5 3e 16 5 2e 17 3 5e 14 2 2e 12 2 1le 13 1 1 9e 01 3 0e 02 done Note the strong convergence in all norms both the Residual nor
35. fference between these will be explained in the Goma tutorials below From the mesh graphics level enter k b or enter return twice and follow the text below ENTER OPTION k b THE FOLLOWING BOUNDARY FLAGS ARE AVAILABLE P OINT FLAGS FOR NODES AT POINTS N ODE FLAGS FOR NODES ON A BOUNDARY E LEMENT FLAGS FOR ELEMENT SIDES ON A BOUNDARY WHICH BOUNDARY FLAG WOULD YOU LIKE TO ENTER ce 99 Enter n first and the following appears on your screen INPUT NODE BOUNDARY FLAG DATA IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT FLAG NO LINE OR NEG SIDE 1 LINE OR NEG SIDE 2 HIT RETURN TO END INPUT gt 1 1 gt 2 2 gt 3 3 gt 4 4 gt 40 6 12 2015 Now enter b e to get to the input of side sets b e INPUT ELEMENT BOUNDARY FLAG DATA IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT FLAG NO LINE OR NEG SIDE 1 LINE OR NEG SIDE 2 HIT RETURN TO END INPUT gt 1 1 gt 2 2 gt 3 3 gt 4 4 gt What you have done here is define boundary flags 1 4 for both node sets and side sets We will discuss how these flags will be used in the Goma tutorial below Now you need to re generate the mesh with the boundary flag info and write out an EXODUS file First hit a few returns to get back to the top level and then process the mesh This time we will make it a 9 node element with an optimized node order enter m ni op p g p for m esh ni ne op timize p rocess g raphics p plot to look at the mesh Within the gra
36. ill not see any variation if that variation is small relative to the max T min T To scale each time plane on its own min and max simply issue the following toggle DETOUR gt cgl I have no idea what cgl stands for 6 Goma Introduction This section is intended to give you a brief working introduction to Goma In most cases all information here can be found in the Goma user s manual and you are encouraged to have a close look at that and have it on hand as you go through this introductory tutorial This section is more or less a synopsis of the manual We will describe here the necessary details of each part of the input and material files A separate chapter is devoted to each in the manual so again this is intended to give you a quick feel for the input files Reference to relevant sections of the manual are made in the clips from computer input files these references will be seen as section numbers from the Goma manual in an italic font enclosed in parentheses near the right margin e g Section 4 1 18 6 12 2015 The first example on knife coating illustrates the use of APREPRO multiple material conjugate problems and a continuation strategy The second problem is a substrate film drying problem This problem models a drying film on a flexible substrate which curls as a result of volume shrinkage We run this in both a steady state and transient mode to demonstrate many additional features of Goma 7 Goma TUTORIAL
37. ing a journal file cmdfile for reading from a previously saved journal file detour a multidimensional vector and contouring package tplot for time history plots and splot for spatial X Y plots You will mostly use detour and hence it is the only subpackage covered in this tutorial It should be mentioned that BLOT does not take advantage of hardware graphics cards i e for 3D rotation and volume rendering However it is an extremely fast graphics package that is more than adequate for all 2D problems and most 3D problems This tutorial is designed to teach you some of the basic necessities BLOT TUTORIAL From the same tutorial subdirectory do an 1s to list the files and choose an exo11 file to visualize Let s choose the 3ddie exortI file generated earlier because it is 3D and can be used to demonstrate how to do rotations 1 To start BLOT with this file 15 6 12 2015 blot 3ddie exoII You will note if you forget the exolI file name or just type blot you will get a help page advising you of all of your options Anyway starting up BLOT results in a popped X window on your screen Often times it is nice to re position that window so you have a clear view of both your command window and the graphics window Now with blot you will see the following prompt BLOT gt Your options here are several but the ones we will demonstrate here are 10g cmdfile and detour Type log to save a journal file
38. ing tool for ExodusII databases 5 Introduction to Goma capabilities with respect to coating related processing flows and drying 6 Tutorial problem Knife coating flow with Goma 7 Sample tutorial problem volume shrinkage and substrate curl 8 APPENDIX A FASTQ GJOIN GEN3D 1 EXODUS I EXODUS II is a library of routines that can be used to write a finite element database file i e an Application Programming Interface or API The file format is binary and indirect access but adheres to the IEEE XDR standard of binary which allows the files to be freely transferred from machine to machine EXODUS II employs a public domain database library netCDF to handle the low level data storage In fact it is the netCDF library that provides machine independency as it stores data in eXternal Data Representation XDR format Because EXODUS II files are actually netCDF files an application program can access data via the EXODUS II API the netCDF API or XDR function calls directly Several tools exist in the SEACAS library of tools for manipulating and viewing an EXODUS II file exotxt converts EXODUS II files into an ASCII text version for viewing e txtexo converts the ASCII text version back to an EXODUS II file ncdump converts an EXODUS II file to a netCDF text file for viewing or other purposes negen converts a netCDF text file back to a netCDF file or EXODUS II file Several things should be noted here It is common practice
39. itten an EXODUS file actually it is a Genesis file and as of 4 March 1997 it is in an EXODUS I format This means you have to run exlex2v2 to convert it to exoII format for reading by Goma you can use GEN3D to extrude rotate warp etc the mesh into a 3D mesh You can also join multiple 3D meshes with GJOIN to make still more complicated meshes The tutorial below will show you how to do this IMPORTANT NOTE You are not restricted to using FASTQ GEN3D GJOIN to generate meshes for Goma You can use PATRAN and CUBIT Please contact Randy Schunk prschun sandia gov 505 844 5992 for more details FASTO GEN3D GJOIN TUTORIAL There are several ways in which to run FASTQ One is in interactive mode with all input from the command line a second is in interactive mode with the commands being taken from an input file a third way is in batch mode with the commands also coming from an input file Again you should be in the tutorial subdirectory to demonstrate this Let s first mesh up a 2D box i e square 1 Issue the command fastq You will notice a window pop up Now issue the command help and you will see the options available to you on this level 2 The first step is to input the solid geometry To do this enter the keyin layer keyin or just k and enter Again type help and notice all of the entities available To define a geometry we need points lines and regions Start with points p oint i e y
40. kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkxk In CUBIT FASTQ have a look at the geometry by executing it Notice that we have a knife a pond upstream of the knife and a well defined substrate As it turns out the substrate is Region 4 and we currently have that region commented out in the file see the first double underlined region card above That is we are not going to solve any equations in the substrate As an extension to this exercise though we will grid up the substrate and allow it to deform for now The annotated initial meshed geometry is show below Substrate Now we will dissect the Goma input file to make sure we are defining correctly the problem to be solved Inthe tutorial knife subdirectory you will notice the file knife_input Either more or vi this file and examine it The first section looks like this include geometry FEM File Specifications Section 4 1 FEM file knife exolII Output EXODUS II file out exoll GUESS file contin dat SOLN file soln dat Write intermediate results no Number of processors 1 Section 4 2 Output Level 0 Debug 0 Initial Guess Ii N M 4 0 22 6 12 2015 Notice that the geometry file discussed above is included here so that several important parameters regarding geometry and properties can be calculated The highlights of this section of the Goma input deck are that we are taking the mesh from the file knife ex
41. lem_layer 2 1 0 Line 32 STR 24 7 0 no_elem_layer 1 1 0 Line 33 STR 24 6 0 no_elem_layer 2 1 0 Line 34 STR 1 21 0 no_elem_layer 1 1 0 Line 35 STR 21 4 0 no_elem_layer 2 1 0 Line 36 STR 9 23 0 no_elem_layer 1 1 0 Line 37 STR 23 5 0 no_elem_layer 2 1 0 Note that the Defs file defines all sorts of well known quantities like thermophysical properties and slide coating geometry Of course all of this is needed to prescribe the initial geometry that must be meshed up So these quantities are then manipulated into film thicknesses flow rates and eventually into point and line locations however this is done in the slide fas file in which file Defs is included Look at each file to get a feel of how the slide fas depends on Defs The geometry description of the FASTQ input file starts below these definitions In this case we include the Defs file in the FASTQ input file CUBIT when this fastq input file is read in and translated automatically runs APREPRO You can also run APREPRO before being read by CUBIT FASTQ That is as part of this tutorial issue the command aprepro slide fas dum fas 14 6 12 2015 Now look at dum fas with more dum fas and you ll see that the point and line commands have been evaluated and dum fas is ready to be read into fastq To automatically send these definition files befs and slide fast through this step without execution of APREPRO secperately just run CUBIT with an import of sli
42. length of outflow plane S 0 015 height of open boundary H 0 006 distance from tip to inflow bndry I 0 005 substrate thickness for penetration h 0 0004 webspeed websp 0 1 MESH PARAMETERS no_elem_along_ outflow 7 no_elem_under blade 7 no_elem_across_layer 4 no_elem_across_inflow 9 no_elem_across_inflow_back_side no_elem_across_pond no_elem_across_substrate no_elem_along blade Point 6 6 3 5 x10 I 10 y10 h Point Point Point Point Point Point Point Point Point Point beta x32_new d cos PI 2 19 6 12 2015 11 x11 0 y11 h 12 x12 d cos PI 2 alpha beta y12 h 13 x13 S y13 h 20 x20 I y20 0 21 x21 0 y21 0 22 x22 d cos PI 2 alpha beta y22 0 23 x23 S y23 0 30 x30 I y30 Gap 31 x31 0 y31 Gap 32 x32 d cos PI 2 alpha beta y32 d sin PI 2 alpha alpha_new beta_new 33 x33 S y33 Gap Point Point Point 40 x40 I y40 H 41 x41 H Gap tan beta y41 H alpha_new beta_new y32_new d sin PI 2 Kramers rule for the solution of two equations and two unknowns is needed for the input of the line segments to salsa Line 10 STR 10 11 0 no_elem_across inflow 0 8 Line 11 STR 11 12 0 no_elem_under blade 1 Line 12 STR 12 13 0 no _elem_along outflow 1 2 Line 20 STR 20 21 0 no_elem_
43. lled coating_liq mat Also notice that the block number is 1 and this number corresponds to the material number input on the region card in FASTQ By the way you should have a look at this material file to see how the properties are input Also notice that this is a CARTESIAN simulation with ARBITRARY mesh motion Rather than go into details here please refer to the manual for the purpose of these cards What is important to point out here however is the number of equations and materials In this simulation we have one material coating_liq mat in which we will solve 5 differential equations The two mesh equations mesh1 and mesh2 are needed to move the mesh as a pseudo solid Notice that we chose Q1 for the interpolation and the Galerkin weighting function which means that we use one order lower basis functions for the mapping while maintaining a biquadratic element for the velocities i e Q2 The names of the variables v1 u2 D1 D2 and P are not arbitrary so please adhere to what the manual allows for now Finally the floating point constants on the equation specification lines are term multipliers which are mainly used for research purposes These multipliers are typically set to zero or one depending on whether you want the term on or off Each column of multipliers refers to a particular term as indicated by the div ms adv bnd comment line Actually if any physical property multiplies a term like density on a convective t
44. ms the first 3 columns and the Newton update norms columns 4 through 6 The numbers under the asm slv sec column are the cpu time it takes to assemble the residual equations and solve the resulting matrix system respectively You should look at this result quickly with blot out exoII det vect vx vy P cont stream P The next step is to do a little zeroth order continuation to release the meniscus and get a free surface flow Notice that the continuation file in the knife_input deck is soln dat To read it in copy soln dat into contin dat and edit the input file Initial Guess card to reflect read i e Initial Guess read We also need to release the free surface To do this comment out the VELO_NORMAL card and uncomment the KINEMATIC card in the knife_input file i e change this BC VELO_ NORMAL SS 7 0 BC KINEMATIC SS 7 0 BC CAP_ENDFORCE NS 200 1 0 0 st to BC VELO_NORMAL SS 7 0 BC KINEMATIC SS 7 0 BC CAP_ENDFORCE NS 200 1 0 0 st Save the file 27 6 12 2015 Now before we continue it is important to understand that this is a moving mesh problem and often times with Newton s method we need to take a few relaxed steps to get to a solution Of course you usually guess wrong on the first try on how relaxed to make the steps and how many relaxed steps to take but we know this works Goma a i knife_input r 0 1 n 7 A followed by five steps of r 0 8 Newton iterati
45. nd input_trans We will discuss each case Also notice the tmp files These files are produced when using the a switch on the Goma run command You can always delete these files to clean up the directory We will first generate a mesh or CUBIT FASTQ file for the problem i1m exoII using the approach you have learned in previous examples The CUBIT FASTQ input file corresponds to the following geometry 4 G 3 4 FILM Q SUBSTRATE and has an input file film fas that looks like TITLE SUBSTRATE CURL PROBLEM POINT 1 0 0000000E 00 0 0000000E 00 POINT 2 1 0000000E 01 0 0000000E 00 POINT 3 1 0000000E 01 1 0000000E 00 POINT 4 0 0000000E 00 1 0000000E 00 POINT 5 0 0000000E 00 5 0000000E 01 POINT 6 1 0000000E 01 5 0000000E 01 LINE 1 STR 1 2 0 10 0 7000 LINE 2 STR 2 3 0 8 1 0000 LINE 3 STR 3 4 0 10 1 4200 LINE 4 STR 4 1 0 8 1 0000 LINE 5 STR 1 5 0 2 1 0000 LINE 6 STR 5 6 0 10 0 7000 LINE 7 STR 6 2 0 2 1 0000 REGION 1 1 2 3 4 REGION 2 6 7 1 5 SCHEME 0 BODY 1 2 POINBC 100 1 POINBC 200 2 POINBC 300 3 POINBC 400 4 POINBC 500 6 POINBC 600 5 NODEBC 1 1 NODEBC 2 2 NODEBC 3 3 NODEBC 4 4 NODEBC 5 7 NODEBC 6 6 NODEBC 7 5 ELEMBC 1 1 ELEMBC 2 2 ELEMBC 3 3 ELEMBC 4 4 ELEMBC 5 7 ELEMBC 6 6 ELEMBC 7 5 RENUM NINE EXIT 290 6 12 2015 Notice there are two regions and two materials see REGION cards and the stretching coefficients that are used to draw the mesh
46. oII writing the results to out exoITI and using a zero initial guess The next two sections are as follows Time Integration Specifications Section 4 3 Time integration steady Solver Specifications Section 4 7 Solution Algorithm umf Number of Newton Iterations 10 Newton correction factor 1 Normalized Residual Tolerance 1 0e 13 Since we have chosen steady for time integration The Time Integration Specification section is completely specified For transient simulation we need to specify more entries such as time integration scheme initial time step final time etc The solution algorithm for the matrix system that results from the Newton iteration scheme is umf which comes from direct solver UMFPACK Other options for direct solvers are lu and amesos Amesos is an interface Goma used to access parallel direct solvers such as SuperLU and MUMPS See Goma s user manual for more details Iterative solvers are available as well however their use for viscous free surface flows requires pressure stabilization options beyond the scope of this discussion The preconditioner cards polynomial cards size of Krylov subspace and Orthogonalization cards and Linear solve iteration cards are all ignored with the umf option The Number of Newton Iterations card sets the maximum number of nonlinear iterations The Newton correction factor card sets the relaxation factor for each
47. on notice the use of the n option to override the specification of the Max Number of Newton Iterations in the input deck cp soln dat contin dat Goma a i knife_input r 0 8 n 5 7 followed by a few steps of full Newton cp soln dat contin dat Goma a i knife_input Now look at the results and you will see that the surface has sagged and you now have a development zone blot out exoII det cont stream P Now we will alter the geometry a bit without regenerating the original mesh First change the bevel angle of the blade in the geometry file Change bevel angle of blade tip alpha PI 3 2 alpha_new PI 3 2 to bevel angle of blade tip alpha PI 3 2 alpha_new PI 4 2 Let us first try a full Newton step cp soln dat contin dat Goma a i knife_input Notice again the strong convergence Have a look at the results again with BLOT and notice that the bevel face is much steeper 28 6 12 2015 Goma TUTORIAL ON FILM DRYING SUBSTRATE CURL For this problem you need to change directories into TUTORIAL tutorial cur1 where TUTORIAL is an environment variable defined for the header directory Listing Is files in that directory shows the following coating mat film exolII input_steady input_trans out_steady exolII out_trans exoII soln dat substrate mat tmp coating mat tmp input tmp substrate mat trans error trans_output Here there are two Goma input files input_steady a
48. ou can just say p You will notice the following ENTER KEYIN OPTION p ENTER POINT DATA IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT POINT NO X Y HIT RETURN TO END INPUT gt 37 6 12 2015 Begin entering your points as follows corners of a unit square gt 1 0 0 gt 2 1 0 gt 3 1 1 gt 4 0 1 gt Here we have points 1 through 4 with coordinates 0 0 1 0 1 1 and 0 1 respectively To see these points graphically 19 P Note here the first comma takes you up to the top level the g takes you into the graphics level and the p plots the points Note that you could have just as easily entered a return instead of a comma and thenag p Alternatively you can enter each command separated by a return Now go back to the keyin mode with k Now we will enter the connecting lines l ine you enter this and FASTQ responds with the following THE FOLLOWING LINE TYPES ARE AVAILABLE S TRAIGHT STRAIGHT LINE CI RCULAR CIRCULAR CCW ARC ABOUT A CENTER 3 CIRCULAR CIRCULAR ARC WITH 3RD ARC POINT R CIRCULAR CIRCULAR ARC WITH RADIUS E LIPSE CCW ELIPSE ABOUT A CENTER CO RNER 2 LINE SEGMENTS JOINED P ARABOLA PARABOLIC SHAPED LINE WHICH LINE TYPE WOULD YOU LIKE TO ENTER oo 99 Obviously we want straight lines for a box so enter s and you will get ENTER STRAIGHT LINE DATA IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT LINE NO POINT 1 POINT 2 NO INTERVALS FACTOR HIT RETURN TO END INPUT gt Now enter the four conne
49. phics subroutine you can toggle the display of many other quantities like the node sets and side sets eb nb p lot This toggles both the element boundary side sets and the nodal boundary side sets You can zoom on the mesh by typing z c or zoom cursor and pointing and clicking to define the zoom area Now we are ready to write out the mesh To do this you need to go up to the mesh level by hitting a return or preceeding the write command with a comma i e w You should see the prompt ENTER MESH OPTION at which point you enter w for write and follow it by an EXODUS file name ENTER MESH OPTION w GENESIS DATABASE OUTPUT FILE NAME box exo Note that we choose box exo for the EXODUS file name Finally we need to make sure we save the mesh journal file so that we can generate it again without all of these steps To do this return to the root level with a return so you see ENTER OPTION ee 99 Type in write or w and provide a name for the fastq file We often use a fas name extension to indicate that this is a fastq input file ENTER OPTION w FASTQ DATA FILE box fas Now exit ENTER OPTION exit Now for practice let us look at the mesh input file box fas 4 6 12 2015 more box fas TITLE 0 0000000E 00 0 0000000E 00 1 0000000E 00 0 0000000E 00 1 0000000E 00 1 0000000E 00 0 0000000E 00 1 0000000E 00 STR 1 2 2 1 0000 STR 2 3 2 1 0000 STR 3 4 2 1 0000 STR 4 1
50. ractive with a graphical user interface GUI interactive via command line and batch mode This brief introduction to CUBIT will use the interactive command line method of data entry mesh development We will duplicate mesh development for the simple 2D box problem The primary steps in creating a finite element mesh with CUBIT are geometry creation interval and scheme specification meshing the geometry assigning boundary flags and exporting the mesh These are detailed below Note the following text format used here commands entered by the user are in bold print while responses echoes from CUBIT are in bold italics print 1 Geometry Creation The topological entities in CUBIT consist of vertices curves surfaces volumes and bodies each with a corresponding dimension to it Each topological entity is bounded by one or more entity of lower dimension A body is not required for a complete topological model but is a convenient mechanism for grouping volumes Geometries can be created in CUBIT by one of three primary methods built up from 6 6 12 2015 a set of geometry primitives such as spheres or bricks defined from the bottom up by creating vertices then curves etc or finally by importing an ACIS sat file which forms the solid model portion of CUBIT A simple box is meshed by the following commands using the geometry primitives As CUBIT is fully 3D by default a simplistic approach is used to limit graphical di
51. s adv bnd dif src porous Yov ll notice that the evolution equations for the coating do not include solution of the momentum equations for the fluid This is a solid film coating which can support a shear stress There are two materials each with a different problem description a truly conjugate problem Note that Species 0 is confined to the film only and even though we might have more than one species we use only one species bulk equation The material files will single out properties of individual species as discussed below The continuity equation contains a source term this is included in the formulation to account for the volume shrinkage effect produced by mass loss and to properly account for the pressure The mesh motion type is Lagrangian meaning the mesh moves with the materials When the mesh motion is Lagrangian it will deform according to the prescribed loads and according to the prescribed constitutive equation in the material file There are two materials and so there MUST be two material files substrate mat and coating mat Let us examine each one use more coating mat and more substrate mat First in coating mat you will notice the solid constitutive equation and the properties Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Equations Solid Constitutive Equation Solid Constitutive Equation Convective Lagrangian Velocity Lame MU Lame LAMBDA Stress Free Solvent Vol Frac 32 6 12 2015 Section 5 2 INCOMP_PSTRAI
52. s2 6 num_side_ss3 4 num_df ss3 12 num_side_ss4 2 num_df ss4 7 num_side_ss5 num_df ss5 num_qa_rec variables float time whole time step long eb_status num_el blk Fo ll o Il This file is clearly a finite element database You will notice a connectivity array nodal coordinates etc 3 Next issue the command ncdump in gen You will notice the statement ncedump in gen NetCDF Unknown file format To summarize this section these tools are usually needed when a user developer is trying to understand in more detail how Goma is interacting and reading writing these databases or when a user wants to extract text form information from the mesh or data for analysis In general this is rare 2 GROPE ALGEBRA and FASTQ There are many tools in the SEACAS distribution which can be used to generate meshes manipulate meshes and interrogate ExoduslI files Until recently we including SEACAS mesh generator FASTQ 5 6 12 2015 in our training but now it is so obsolete compared to tools like CUBIT that we have relegated that training module to Appendix A That said not everyone has CUBIT as it is not free so we felt we had better keep it Please consult Appendix A to learn how to use FASTQ GJOIN GEN3D We will also run FASTQ in other parts of this tutorial as needed and even demonstrate a FASTQ translator in CUBIT Some other tools which are worthy of quick mention are e GROPE can be used to extract
53. splays to two dimensions i e change the display mode graphics mode hiddenline To create a 1 by 1 box create brick x 1 y 1 brick body 1 successfully created Journaled Command create brick x 1 y 1 This gives us the basic geometry a set of vertices with connecting line segments defining an enclosed region In CUBIT this entity is a volume We can check the numbering of the created entities by using various label options Look at vertices curves and volumes turning off the labeling on the previous entity before proceeding to the next label vertex label off label curve label off label volume graphics mode wireframe The return to wireframe mode allows the user to view the volume number placed at the centroid of the body a value that cannot be seen when hiddenline mode obscures the third dimension label off graphics mode hiddenline label surface display This final display shows the portion of the body we will mesh i e surface 1 2 Intervals and Scheme Element size can be controlled by specifying the mesh density for a particular entity in this case we will use the surface Meshing scheme is left to default CUBIT has a set of algorithms that use topological and geometry data to select the best meshing tool surface 1 size 5 Journaled Command surface 1 size 5 7 6 12 2015 3 Meshing This is an extremely simplistic mesh so it does not illustrate the capabilities or the options present in
54. the mesh data into an appropriately named file Note the filename must be in single quotes export genesis box exoII overwrite File box exoII will be written with the following version of EXODUS II API version 3 220000 DB version 2 050000 Preparing genesis mesh data done Preparing genesis side set data 1 2 3 4 done Initializing genesis file done Writing coordinates done 9 6 12 2015 Writing element blocks 1 done Writing nodesets 1 2 3 4 done Writing sidesets 1 2 3 4 done Writing global order map done Writing global element order map done Writing global nodal order map done Executive Genesis summary number dimensions number nodes number elements number element blocks number NodeSets number SideSets i WA A HR A oO ND Detailed Genesis summary Element Block Information Block 1 contains 4 exported 2D element s of type QUAD4 Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Surface 1 Surface 1 4 SE ERTER NodeSet Information NodeSet 1 contains 3 nodes Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Curve 1 Curve 1 3 NodeSet 2 contains 3 nodes Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Curve 2 Curve 2 3 NodeSet 3 contains 3 nodes Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Curve 3 Curve 3 3 NodeSet 4 contains 3 nodes Owned Entities Name Type Id Mesh_Elements Curve 4 Curve 4 3 SSSSSso SideSet Information
55. to name your EXODUS II files with a exoII extension like slot_coating exo11 Often times you will see files hanging around that have exo and gen extensions or more abreviated e and g extensions The gen extension often times means that the file is in Genesis format which is an EXODUS II file without the solution fields from the simulation i e the file contains nodal coordinates connectivity and boundary element and nodal set information only EXODUS IT TUTORIAL 1 Change directories into the tutoria1 directory this location will depend on the course you are taking and how you installed your software 2 You will notice a series of files with various extensions One such file is the in exort file Issue the following commands ncdump in exoII gt dum txt more dum txt You will notice that this file has a variety of finite element type information like number of nodes per element number of elements etc 4 6 12 2015 netcdf in dimensions len_string 33 len_line 81 four 4 time_step num_dim num_nodes 25 num_elem 4 num_el blk 2 num_node_ sets 4 num_side sets 5 num_el_in_blkl 2 num_nod per _ ell 9 num_el_in_blk2 2 num_nod per el2 9 num_nod_nsl 5 num_nod_ns2 5 num_nod_ns3 5 num_nod_ns4 5 UNLIMITED 0 currently INI num_side_ss1 2 num_df ssl 6 num_side_ss2 2 num_df s
56. to the outer edge of the film The problem here is to clamp the inner edge of the coating and substrate left side dry the film and follow the overall stress development and deformation We will run this problem in two modes First is the steady state mode The input deck for this mode is the file input_steady Let s discuss some of the critical parts of that input file In the first two sections two cards are noteworthy FEM File Specifications FEM file film exolII Output EXODUS II file out_steady exoII GUESS file contin dat SOLN file soln dat Write intermediate results no General Specifications Number of processors 1 Output Level 0 Debug 0 Initial Guess zero Initial Guess read _exolIl Initial Guess read Initialize MASS FRACTION 0 0 25 Section 4 1 Section 4 2 30 6 12 2015 The input finite element database file fi1m exoI1 is defined on the FEM File card and the initial mass fraction of component 0 is set to 0 25 with the Initialize card The next relevant section of input is boundary condition specification Since the problem is being run in the steady state mode with the um solver all other sections are like those in the previous case study The boundary conditions look like Boundary Condition Specifications Section 4 10 Number of BC 1 BC PLANE SS 41 00 0 00 0 0 BC DX NS 100 0 0 BC DY NS 100 0 0 BC PLANE SS 71 00 0 00 0 0 BC YF
57. ty4 2 Point 23 x23 x5 x9 2 y23 y5ty9 2 Point 24 x24 x6 x7 2 y24 y6 ty7 2 13 6 12 2015 Point 30 x30 G S cos alpha 3 y30 S 2 sin alpha 3 Point 32 x32 G S cos alpha 3 h1 cos PI 2 alpha y32 y30 h1 sin PI 2 alpha 2 Point 31 x31 x32 x30 2 y31 y32 y30 2 Kramers rule for the solution of two equations and two unknowns is needed for the input of the line segments to salsa Line 1 STR 2 30 0 no_elem_along slidel 1 Line 100 STR 30 1 0 no_elem_along slide 0 95 Line 2 STR 2 3 0 no_elem_across_ film 1 0 Line 3 STR 3 32 0 no _elem_along slidel 1 0 Line 300 STR 32 4 0 no_elem_along slide 0 95 Line 4 CIRC 5 4 555 2 no_ elem_across_gap 9 Line 4 STR 4 5 0 no_elem_across_gap 1 0 Line 5 STR 5 6 0 no_elem_along web 1 2 Line 6 STR 6 7 0 no _elem_across_ film 1 0 Line 7 STR 7 8 0 no_elem_along web no_elem_across gap 1 0 Line 8 STR 8 1 0 no_elem_across gap 1 0 Line 10 STR 4 1 0 no_elem_across_ film 1 0 Line 11 STR 4 8 0 no_elem_across film 1 0 Line 12 STR 5 9 0 no _elem_across_ film 1 0 Line 13 STR 8 9 0 no_elem_across_ gap 1 0 Line 14 STR 9 7 0 no_elem_along web 1 2 Line 20 STR 20 31 0 no_elem_along slidel 1 0 Line 200 STR 31 21 0 no_elem_along slide 95 Line 21 STR 21 22 0 no_elem_across_ gap 1 0 Line 22 STR 22 23 0 no_elem_across_ gap 1 0 Line 23 STR 23 24 0 no_elem_along web 1 2 Line 30 STR 2 20 0 no _elem_layer 1 1 0 Line 31 STR 20 3 0 no_e
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