Tektronix AFG3102 Guide - Portland State University
Contents
1. Function Generator Guide Tektronix AFG3102 Version 2008 Jan 1 Dept of Electrical amp Computer Engineering Portland State University Copyright 2008 Portland State University Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University 1 Basic Information This guide provides basic instructions for operating the Tektronix AFG3102 Arbitrary Function Generator The AFG3102 provides these features Standard waveforms sine square ramp triangle and pulse Wo Arbitrary waveforms with high sampling rates Sweep burst and modulation AM FM PM FSK PWM e Large LCD display with on screen menus for easy setup O e e Dual independent output channels e USB GPIB and LAN interfaces 2 Waveform Shapes The AFG3102 outputs these standard waveforms Sine Ramp rising Square Ramp falling Triangle Pulse Figure 1 Idealized waveform shapes In addition the function generator supports user defined waveforms of arbitrary shape Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University 3 Waveform Characteristics Voltage V Amplitude lt Period gt Phase Figure 2 Characteristics of a periodic waveform Tektronix terminology The amplitude of the waveform is the peak to peak variation in voltage The horizontal shift can be specified as a phase angle in degrees The waveform s vertical characteristics i e vol2. is usually simpler to use the built in square waveform An exception would be if you need precise control over the leading and trailing edge transitions which is only available for pulses 12 Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University Appendix I Specifications AFG3102 Channels 2 Standard Waveforms Sine Square Ramp Triangle Pulse DC Noise Sin x x Exponential Rise amp Decay Gaussian Lorentz Haversine Sine Waveform 1 wHz to 100 MHz Square Waveform 1 uHz to 50 MHz Rise Fall Time lt 5ns Jitter RMS typical 200 ps Ramp Waveform 1 uHz to 1 MHz Pulse Waveform 1 mHz to 50 MHz Pulse Width 8 00 ns to 999 99 s Resolution 10 ps or 5 digits Pulse Duty 0 001 to 99 999 Edge Transition Time 5 ns to 625s Overshoot typical lt 5 Jitter RMS typical 200 ps Other Waveforms 1 uHz to 1 MHz Noise Bandwidth 3 dB 100 MHz White Gaussian DC into 50 Q 5 V to 5 V Arbitrary Waveforms 1 mHz to 50 MHz Sample Rate gt 16 K to 128 K 250 MS s 2 to 16 K 1 GS s Vertical Resolution 14 bits Rise Time Fall Time lt 8ns Jitter RMS 1 ns at 1 GS s 4 ns at 250 MS s Amplitude 50 Q load 20 MVp p to 10 Vp p Amplitude Open Circuit 40 MVp p to 20 Vp p Accuracy 1 of setting 1 mV 1 kHz sine wave 0 V offset gt 10 mMVp amplitude
3. Resolution 0 1 MVp p 0 1 MVams 0 1 dBm or 4 digits Units Vp p Vrms dBm sine wave only Output Impedance 50 Q Table 2 Manufacturer s instrument specifications Appendix 2 References 1 2 Tektronix AFG3000 Series Data Sheet Tektronix Inc Tektronix AFG3000 Series Arbitrary Function Generators Quick Start User Manual 071 1631 03 Tektronix Inc 3 Tektronix Inc Tektronix AFG3000 Series Arbitrary Function Generators Reference Manual 071 1639 03 13
4. Amplitude Level Menu BB High Level BB High Level BB 5 NK 5 NK V BB V BB Low Level BB Low Level BB 0 NK 0 NK V BB V BB t Upper Menu j 2 Upper Menu An Pulse Parameter Menu BB Pulse Parameter Menu BB Duty BB Width BB 10 NK 0 1 NK BB us BB Leading Edge BB Leading Edge BB 25 NK 25 NK ns BB ns BB Trailing Edge BB Trailing Edge BB 15 NK 15 NK ns BB ns BB 10 Function Generator Guide Example 3 ECE Dept Portland State University For Channel 1 define a sine waveform with the following properties Frequency 10 Mhz Amplitude 2 V Offset 0 5 V Phase 0 For Channel 2 define a sine waveform with the following properties Period 0 1 us High 1 5 V Low 0 5 V Phase 45 Setup for Channel 1 Setup for Channel 2 Buttons to push Type CH1 CH2 SB Sine FB Frequency Period Phase Menu BB Frequency BB 10 NK MHz BB Phase BB 0 NK BB Upper Menu aa Amplitude Level Menu BB Amplitude BB 2 NK Vpp BB Offset BB 0 5 NK V BB If necessary push the CH1 CH2 button until Channel 1 is selected The default phase is 0 so it really isn t necessary to set it explicitly in this case As it turns out these two signals are identical except the Channel 2 waveform is shifted in phase with respect to the Channel 1 waveform Buttons to push
5. Type CH1 CH2 SB Sine FB Frequency Period Phase Menu BB Period BB 0 1 NK us BB Phase BB 45 NK i BB t Upper Menu fe Amplitude Level Menu BB High Level BB 1 5 NK V BB Low Level BB 0 5 NK V BB If necessary push the CH1 CH2 button until Channel 2 is selected Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University 9 Notes 1 The AFG3102 uses female BNC connectors for its channel outputs and trigger section Female BNC AFG3102 Male BNC Cable Figure 9 BNC connections 2 The default output impedance of the function generator is 50 Q For optimal signal transmission the system being connected to the AFG3102 should have a matching 50 impedance Note Everything will still work if there is an impedance mismatch but the measured output voltage from the generator may be different from what you expect For example many oscilloscopes have a user selectable input impedance typically 50 Q and 1 MQ If the function generator is set for a 1 Vp p output and the oscilloscope is configured for 50 Q then the oscilloscope will display the waveform with a 1 Vp p amplitude However if the oscilloscope s input impedance is 1 MQ then the waveform is displayed with an approximately 2 Vp p amplitude This situation is caused by a reflection of the signal at the boundary of the impedance mismatch 3 Itis possible to generate a square wave by adjusting the parameters of a pulse waveform However it
6. ated to the triangle waveform Instead the Ramp Parameter bezel menu has three options for symmetry 0 rising ramp 50 triangle and 100 falling ramp 6 Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University gt Knob and Arrow Keys When entering or editing a numeric value the left and right arrow keys move an underline cursor to select a specific digit within the number The rotary knob can then be used to either increment or decrement the value of the selected digit Note Using the knob and arrow keys is optional since numbers can be entered directly with the keypad gt Shortcut Buttons The Shortcut buttons allow the user to bypass the bezel menus and immediately select waveform parameters Once selected the value of the setting can be edited or changed using the keypad or rotary knob Frequency Period This button selects the setting that was last used Frequency or Period Subsequent button presses will toggle between the two choices Amplitude High This button selects the setting that was last used Amplitude or High Subsequent button presses will toggle between the two choices Offset Low This button selects the setting that was last used Offset or Low Subsequent button presses will toggle between the two choices Duty Width This button selects the setting that was last used Duty or Width Subsequent button presses will toggle between the two choices Note This button only works when th
7. e Pulse function is selected for the current channel Otherwise the button has no effect Leading Trailing This button selects the setting that was last used Leading or Trailing Subsequent button presses will toggle between the two choices Note This button only works when the Pulse function is selected for the current channel Otherwise the button has no effect Phase Delay This button selects the setting that was last used Phase or Delay gt BNC Connectors The output signals from the function generator are available at the BNC connectors on the front panel If a channel is currently disabled then output signal is turned off at the corresponding BNC connector Ch1 Output This connector outputs the Channel 1 waveform signal Ch2 Output This connector outputs the Channel 2 waveform signal Trigger Output This connector outputs a TTL level pulse that is synchronized with the output from Channel 1 It provides a signal that an oscilloscope can use to synchronize with the function generator Function Generator Guide 5 LCD Display Screen Interface ECE Dept Portland State University Message display area Numeric input is available Knob is available CH1 PAM Fea 12 000 000 000 Ome L 18 00 ns T18 00 ns Main display dmel 1 000 vee Shape Sine Offset area Offset PWM Freq 10 00 kke Output status Duty 50 0 Deviation 6 0 High Level Bezel menu 500 rll Level meter View tab Figure 8 Scree
8. igger BNC connectors Menu buttons Figure 7 Front panel detail view right side Copyright Tektronix Inc Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University gt Action Buttons These buttons cause an action to occur when pressed Power Switch Top Menu t Upper Menu Bezel View Manual Trigger Keypad amp Editing 0 9 Enter Cancel BKSP This turns the function generator either on or off The AFG3102 implements a menu based system for viewing or changing various instrument settings The menus use a branching tree design so this button returns to the top most level of the menu tree This moves up a level in the menu tree Bezel buttons are used to select bezel menu options that are displayed in an adjoining column on the LCD screen The actions assigned to the five Bezel buttons are not fixed but can change depending on the bezel menus currently being displayed The function generator can display information on the LCD screen in several formats waveform parameter and graph graph comparison and waveform parameter comparison Each press of the View button toggles through the display formats This button manually triggers the function generator to initiate a single sweep in Trigger Sweep mode Digit and decimal point buttons are used for numeric input The button toggles the sign of a number from positive to negative or from negative to p
9. n state the button is illuminated Run Mode Continuous This activates the continuous mode default mode Modulation This activates the modulation mode and displays a parameter menu Sweep This activates the sweep mode and displays a parameter menu Burst This activates the burst mode and displays a parameter menu gt Function Buttons These buttons pick which waveform will be output on the currently selected channel When pressed the button becomes illuminated and the parameter menus for the chosen waveform are displayed on the screen The settings in the parameter menus control the characteristics of the waveform Sine The sine waveform is selected Menus Frequency Period Phase Amplitude Level Run Mode Output Square The square waveform is selected Menus Frequency Period Phase Amplitude Level Run Mode Output Ramp The ramp waveform is selected Menus Ramp Parameter Frequency Period Phase Amplitude Level Run Mode Output Pulse The pulse waveform is selected Menus Pulse Parameter Frequency Period Delay Amplitude Level Run Mode Output Arb The user defined arbitrary waveform is selected Menus Arb Waveform Frequency Period Phase Amplitude Level Run Mode Output More More menu options appear for choosing additional built in waveforms Menus More Waveform Frequency Period Phase Amplitude Level Run Mode Output The AFG3102 does not have a function button dedic
10. n interface Copyright Tektronix Inc 6 Entering Numbers With the Keypad A waveform has several numeric parameters that define its characteristics If a parameter is selected via a bezel button the value becomes highlighted on the LCD screen At that point pushing any keypad button will activate the numeric input mode The standard digits from 0 through 9 the decimal point and are available When entering a number a cursor indicates the currently selected digit If needed the Backspace button will erase digits and the Cancel button will cancel any pending changes and restore the previous value In numeric input mode the bezel menus show units that are appropriate for the value By pressing one of the bezel buttons the unit becomes attached to the number and numeric input is completed Voltage Freq Time Phase V MHz s 7 mV kHz ms Vpp Hz us mV pp mHz ns Table 1 Some standard units available as bezel menus Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University 7 Standard Setup Procedure 1 Disable the channel outputs 2 For each channel you intend to use a Select the channel if needed b Select the desired function e g sine square etc c Adjust the waveform parameters using the Bezel buttons or Shortcut buttons d Verify the parameter values to ensure the voltages and frequencies are within safety limits 3 Enable the channel outputs 8 Exam
11. ositive The Enter button causes numeric input to be updated This cancels numeric input and restores the previous value The backspace button is active during entry of a number When pressed it deletes the currently selected digit gt Menu Buttons These buttons activate special menus for performing certain function generator operations Edit Utility Save Recall Help Default The Edit menu is used for editing or creating user defined waveforms The Utility menu gives access to various system utilities such as diagnostics The Save menu allows saving of function generator setups to internal memory or an external USB memory device The Recall menu allows recall of function generator setups from internal memory or an external USB memory device This button activates the built in help documentation Pressing the Default button restores the instrument s settings to their default values Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University gt State Buttons The State buttons control the operating state of the function generator Channel Ch1 Ch2 The AFG3102 has two channels 1 e outputs with each channel independently generating its own waveform The Ch1 Ch2 button determines which channel is currently selected for display or editing on the LCD screen Ch1 Ch2 On Each channel has its own button for independently turning its signal output either on or off When the output is in the o
12. pl 5 V Offset 2 5 V or High 5V Low 0 V For realistic non ideal pulses the leading and trailing edge transition times are important t g is the leading edge transition time trg is the trailing edge transition time The transition times are specified using the 10 and 90 amplitude points as references If tr and trg are a significant fraction of the total width then the 50 amplitude point is a better reference for specifying the pulse width Figure 5 Edge transition widths for a non ideal pulse Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University 4 Instrument Front Panel Tektronix AFG 3 1 02 BREITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR orate Top Menu LCD Display Area shows button setup menus and help pages hical vi f form e a graphical view of waveforms Bezel e waveform parameters buttons e numeric input status and error messages Upper Menu Power button Switch View button USB Memory port Figure 6 Front panel detail view left side Copyright Tektronix Inc State buttons Run Mode Shortcut buttons Function buttons Knob amp arrow waveform Frequency Period Amplitude High keys selection C9 cursor control Phase Delay C Duty Width Leading Trailing CO Offset Low eS TE Utility Keypad amp editing keys numeric input isni State buttons Channel selection Output On Off Manual tr
13. ples The Type codes are AB Action Button BB Bezel Button FB Function Button SB State Button NK Numeric Keypad In Examples 1 and 2 assume the currently selected channel is Channel 1 Example 1 Define a square waveform with the following properties Frequency 1 MHz High 5 V Low 0 V Two possible setups either one would work Buttons to push Type Buttons to push Type Square FB Square FB Frequency Period Phase Menu BB Frequency Period Phase Menu BB Frequency BB Period BB 1 NK 1 NK MHz BB us BB t Upper Menu re t Upper Menu Aa Amplitude Level Menu BB Amplitude Level Menu BB High Level BB Amplitude BB 5 NK 5 NK V BB Vpp BB Low Level BB Offset BB 0 NK 2 5 NK V BB V BB Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University Example 2 Define a pulse waveform with the following properties Frequency 1 MHz Duty 10 High 5 V Low 0 V trg 25 ns trg 15 ns Two possible setups either one would work Buttons to push Type Buttons to push Type Pulse FB Pulse FB Frequency Period Delay Menu BB Frequency Period Delay Menu BB Frequency BB Period BB 1 NK 1 NK MHz BB us BB t Upper Menu ii t Upper Menu Amplitude Level Menu BB
14. tage can be specified as an amplitude and offset or as high and low levels Some useful conversion equations are 1 Frequency Amplitude High Low High Offset onus Period al 1 _ High Low Period _ Oye 2 Low Offset Amp aude Frequency 2 V y a O e e 0 75 V 1 00 V bene eee epee fhe ects cccce ede ccc ctccee eee faamaeaina N aaaeaii oaaae f aaaeaaamea aimee aaa aeaaaee aaaea 0 25 V t ms 5 A A E E le bate di S AE 0 25 V Ampl 1 00 V Phase Offset 0 25 V Period High 0 75 V Freq Low 0 25 V Figure 3 Example sinusoidal waveform with numeric values Math textbooks often define the amplitude as half the peak to peak variation However Tektronix assumes the amplitude is the full peak to peak value 2 Function Generator Guide ECE Dept Portland State University l Pulse Width For a pulse train the duty cycle in is defined as Duty _ 100 Pulse Period V Pulse Width 0 9ms Duty 90 4 al 5 1 1 0 t ms 0 1 2 3 lt gt l Delay Pulse Period 1 0 ms pee Pulse Freq 1 kHz V Pulse Width 0 5 ms Duty 50 5 1 0 t ms 0 1 2 3 lt gt gt Delay Pulse Period 1 0 ms 0 3 ms Pulse Freq 1 kHz V Pulse Width 0 1 ms Duty 10 m 5 m 0 t ms 0 l 1 2 3 lt gt gt Delay Pulse Period 1 0 ms 0 3ms Pulse Freq 1 kHz Figure 4 Examples of ideal pulse trains Am
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