Portable Roadside Sensors for Vehicle Counting
Contents
1. 11 GSM Module November 2015 Page 1132 Schematic Diagram for this project has shown below IDENTIFY amp CHECK THE SPEED CLASSIFY TYPE OF INCREMENT THE VALUE SOFTWARE IV RESULTS Here to program ARM processor KeiluVision 4 was used as a cross compiler and Flash Magic was used as a programmer ALGORITHM amp FLOWCHART ALGORITHM Step 1 Initialize ARM LCD RFID and GSM Module Step 2 Wait until you see READY on LCD Step 3 Show the RFID Tag to the reader then it reads the data from tag The same data is communicate with the 8051 using bridge Step 4 If it is a small vehicle then increment the count or if it is a large vehicle then increment the count2 Step 5 Check the speed of that vehicle using IR Sensors if it exceeds the fixed speed limit then a fine will be fined and a feedback will be sent to the owner driver Step 6 Repeat Step 3 to Step 5 until the power goes off FLOWCHART The flowchart of this paper is shown below Volume No 2 2015 Issue No 11 November November 2015 Page 1133 T pene ring P Mrageuew dE PROX IM D gt 26 1 LJ November 2015 Volume No 2 2015 Issue No 11 November Page 1134 gagineering e a LA ISSN No 2348 4845 International Journal amp Magazine of Engineering Technology Management and Research A Peer Revie2. Engineering Technology Management and Research A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal The architecture of 8051 has shown below ps Kakas a sasas ia is a ee ee a ee ee mi oe ee oe oe ee ee ee m r ai ai i a ai V i PORT 0 DRIVERS PORT 2 DRIVERS i i i i RAM ADDR PORT 0 i REGISTER au RRR FLASH 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 a STACK PROGRAM ADDRESS REGISTER ACC POINTER REGISTER 1 1 1 BUFFER TMP2 1 PC INCREMENTER INTERRUPT SERIAL PORT AND TIMER BLOCKS 1 i PROGRAM i COUNTER 1 j 1 PSEN ALE PROG 4 1 TIMING INSTRUCTION ERIN i conNBoL REGISTER OSAL DETH PP H RST i i WATCH 1 ISP PROGRAM PORT 1 DRIVERS 1 DRIVERS 0 0 v0 v Fig Block diagram Figure 10 8051 Architecture PC Laptop was interfaced at UARTO of LPC2148 as per Figure 7 Motor was interfaced to L293D Motor Driver at P0 3 P0 5 of LPC2148 as per Figure 8 which enables the locker action GSM Module was interfaced to UARTI for SMS communication Keypad 4 3 was interfaced at P0 16 P0 23 of LPC2148 LCD Display 16 2 was also interfaced at P1 6 P1 22 of LPC2148 Reset Circuit and Clock Circuits were interfaced at RST XTALI and XTAL2 of LPC2148 4 H a FA gt J RHE Rze gt IO Pn k Fi sinseon ys BEL Lions o I o rono S an SEE Donin a za DU S T E d RS 232 Serial port gt i 1 Figure
3. a gineeri t qop Uz i P E a Cry th ISSN No 2348 4845 International Journal amp Magazine of Engineering Technology Management and Research A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal Portable Roadside Sensors for Vehicle Counting Classification And Speed Measurement Rollakanti Raju Professor Department of ECE MLRITM Hyderabad Telangana India Abstract Life is too precious than anything in the world Daily 40 of the deaths were caused to the road accidents across the globe This should be prevented by taking intensive measures using emerging trends of technology Portable road side systems were to be established for monitoring the roads using cutting edge technologies Portable road side systems will communicate with the traffic system if any emergency caused This has to alert the driver if the speed of vehicle is greater than the speed limit In order to demonstrate this I ve used ARM LPC 2148 and 8051 Controller the communication between these two has done through Master Slave RFID Technology is used to count the number of vehicles and classifications of vehicles are also done through RFID technology GSM Module is used to send SMS when the vehicle speed is greater than the speed limit The speed calculation ts done through a pair of sensors connected to the system Keywords ARM7 RFID Technology GSM LINTRODUCTION Portable Road Side Systems are a type of network in which vehic
4. adiation curve of a black body for different temperatures will reach its peak at a wavelength inversely proportional to the temperature The basic concept of an Infrared Sensor which is used as Obstacle detector is to transmit an infrared signal this infrared signal bounces from the surface of an object and the signal is received at the infrared receiver There are five basic elements used in a typical infrared detection system an infrared source a transmission medium optical component infrared detectors or receivers and signal processing Infrared lasers and Infrared LED s of specific wavelength can be used as infrared sources The three main types of media used for infrared transmission are vacuum atmosphere and optical fibers Optical components are used to focus the infrared radiation or to limit the spectral response Optical lenses made of Quartz Germanium and Silicon are used to focus the infrared radiation Infrared receivers can be photodiodes phototransistors etc some important specifications of infrared receivers are photosensitivity detectivity and noise equivalent power Signal processing is done by amplifiers as the output of infrared detector is very small The principle of an IR sensor working as an Object Detection Sensor can be explained using the following figure An IR sensor consists of an IR LED and an IR Photodiode together they are called as Photo Coupler or Opto Coupler November 2015 P
5. age 1131 E in ad FOF IJMETMR A Surface IR Transmitter IR Receiver Rays reflected from surface Figure 8 IR sensor 8051 End 8051 is an 8 bit processor meaning that the CPU can work on only 8 bits of data at a time Data larger than 8 bits has to be broken into 8 bit pieces to be processed by the CPU 8051 is available in different memory types such as UV EPROM Flash and NV RAM 8K Bytes of Re programmable Flash Memory RAM is 256 bytes 4 0V to 5 5V Operating Range Fully Static Operation 0 Hz to 33 MHz sThree level Program Memory Lock 256 x 8 bit Internal RAM 32 Programmable I O Lines Three 16 bit Timer Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Low power Idle and Power down Modes Interrupt recovery from power down mode Watchdog timer Dual data pointer Power off flag Fast programming time Flexible ISP programming byte and page mode Pin diagram of 8051 has given below Pio 1 vec P11 2 PO 0 ADO P12 3 PO 1 AD P13 4 PO 2 A02 Pi4 5 PO 3 AD3 Pis E PO04 AD4 P16 7 POS ADS P17 a PO 6 AD RST 3 PO0 7 AD RXD P3 0 EA VPP TXD P3 1 ALE PROG INTO P3 2 PSEN UNTI P3 3 P2 7 A15 TO P3 4 P26 A14 T1 P35 P25 A13 WR P36 P2 4 A12 RD P3 7 P2 3 A11 XTAL2 P2 2 A10 XTAL 1 P2 1 A9 GND P2 0 AB Fig Pin diagram Figure 9 8051 Pin Diagram Volume No 2 2015 Issue No 11 November ISSN No 2348 4845 International Journal amp Magazine of
6. e for the ARM processor and its relevant components Reset Circuit is designed and November 2015 Page 1129 s pgnee ring A t A B k P A 4 er a j l 4 a E developed to reset the program whenever necessary and interfaced to the ARM processor for greater stable response Clock Circuit is designed and developed to generate oscillations and interfaced to the ARM processor for needy response LCD Display is interfaced to the ARM processor for displaying the status of the system for better understanding RFID Reader is connected to ARM processor for identifying the vehicle and also to count the number of vehicles running on the road The same information is fed to slave controller 8051 Block Diagram ARM7 End Figure 1 Block Diagram of ARM7 END 8051 END At 8051 pair of sensors was interfaced to the slave controller for calculating the speed of vehicle passed GSM module is also interfaced to the slave controller for communicating with the end user LCD Display is interfaced to slave controller for displaying status of the project Reset Circuit and clock circuit were also interfaced to the slave controller for resetting and generating the clock oscillations respectively Block Diagram 8051 End GSM Figure 2 Block Diagram of 8051 END Volume No 2 2015 Issue No 11 November ISSN No 2348 4845 International Journal amp Magazine of Engineering Techno
7. er lpc2148 2 https www pantechsolutions net microcontroller boards user manual arm7 Ipc2148 development kit 3 http www nex robotics com Ipc2148 development board arm7 1pc2148 development board html 4 http www mikroe com chapters view 65 chapter 2 805 1 microcontroller architecture 5 https www pantechsolutions net microcontroller boards gsm interfacing with lpc2 148 arm 7 primer 6 http www zilogic com blog tutorial nuttx rfid html 7http www engineersgarage com microcontroller 80 51 projects distance measure IR ADC0804 AT89C5 1 circuit 8 http www nrdcentre com index php route product product amp product_id 78 9 https madresearch wordpress com 2013 09 03 inte rfacing gsm with arm7 lpc2 148 10 http www keil com forum 20111 gsm interfacing with arm7 s Author Details Prof Rollakanti Raju has completed B E from Andhra University and M Tech from JNTU Ananthapur in DSCE He is pursuing Ph D in the area of VLSI from JNTUH He has guided over 50 projects Mr S Saikrishna had completed B Tech in ECE from Aizza College of Engineering and Technology He is pursuing M Tech in Embedded Systems from MLRITM College November 2015 Page 1135
8. les and roadside units are the communicating nodes providing each other with information such as safety warnings and traffic information As a cooperative approach vehicular Volume No 2 2015 Issue No 11 November Sangem Saikrishna M Tech Student Department of ECE MLRITM Hyderabad Telangana India communication systems can be more effective in avoiding accidents and traffic congestions than if each vehicle tries to solve these problems individuality Generally vehicular networks are considered to contain two types of nodes vehicle and roadside dedicated communications devices DSRC works in 5 9 GHz stations Both are short range bandwidth of 75 MHz and approximate range of 1000m The network should support both private data communications and public communications but higher priority is given to public communications Vehicular communications is usually developed as a part of intelligent transportation systems ITS ITS seeks to achieve safety and productivity through intelligent transportation which integrates communication between mobile and fixed ones To this end ITS heavily relies on wired and wireless communications ILSYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The system architecture of this proposed system is divided into two different and independent blocks ARM7 END Hardware implementation for this proposed system is shown below with the simple blocks Power Supply block is designed and developed to generate power sourc
9. logy Management and Research A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal III IMPLEMENTATION HARDWARE In hardware implementation ARM processor plays a key role in monitoring and controlling the security system Low power consumption ARM processor LPC2148 operating at 3 3V 50uA is designed and mounted on a PCB along with Reset Circuit and a Clock Circuit LPC2148 a 32 bit microcontroller with advanced RISC architecture and having 48 GPIO lines with a program memory of 32KB and a data memory of 512Bytes ie Digtalinguts ee Port LE0 On Board ADC OAC Test MEMS Module 1 F LPC 2148 GLED 1264 Battery otal LCD VF GPS Module L F l Fouth A Pane F ee 1 21065 10 Pin Etherret Ron VO Conn gonnec J Figure 4 ARM Overview LPC2148 VAST EEn ARE On chip ATC a ECB U5824 Figure 5 LPC2148 Development Board November 2015 Page 1130 a gineeri t qop Uz i P E a Cry th L nal amp y a your me May ti Here in the above figure the clock circuit and reset circuits were assembled along with the LCD display circuit A 16 X 2 LCD display is used for displaying the status of the system RFID Reader is interfaced to ARM at UART port and each vehicle is equipped with RFID tag The RFID Reader is a UART module and is connected at 0 0 0 1 of ARM 7 sija Application Circuit y 4 1 Mote F ung a LIV microcontroler en
10. sure the RX pin is SV tolerant cut SOL 1 for TTL on TX pin SEL ao for Weigand output on DATO DATI pin Figure 6 RFID Reader LCD LCD has used in this project for display status of the system Interfacing LCD to LPC 2148 has shown below ry fe Prrereyr err ererrerirrtrit tr ieee S2odewievicdtede taaia Pee bes 2 ss 477277 i Figure 7 LCD Display Interfacing IR Sensors For optical sensing and optical communication photo optics technologies are used in the near infrared region as the light is less complex than RF when implemented as a source of signal Optical wireless communication is done with IR data transmission for short range applications An infrared sensor emits and or detects infrared radiation to sense its surroundings Volume No 2 2015 Issue No 11 November ISSN No 2348 4845 International Journal amp Magazine of Engineering Technology Management and Research A Peer Reviewed Open Access International Journal The working of any Infrared sensor is governed by three laws Planck s Radiation law Stephen Boltzmann law and Wien s Displacement law Planck s law states that every object emits radiation at a temperature not equal to OOK Stephen Boltzmann law states that at all wavelengths the total energy emitted by a black body is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature According to Wien s Displacement law the r
11. wed Open Access International Journal a 4 speed at Kukatpally 5 57 pm Mr OWNER FINE Rs 1000 has been fined due to exceed Pa 4 speed at Kukatpally 5 57 pm Mr OWNER FINE Rs 1000 has been fined due to exceed lt 4 speed at Kukatpally 5 59 pm A ae 5 59pm Peo A 2 ROADSIDE ALERT Small Vehicles 0002 Large Vehicles Pa 4 0002 ALL Vehicles 0004 5 59 pm Type message 160 1 GE mar Figure 24 SMS Feedback V CONCLUSION A Portable Road Side Communication System is designed and proposed for better safety in vehicular connectivity This system will give you the feedback of every instant with a simple SMS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Prof Rollakanti Raju K N BHUSHAN Assoc Prof amp HOD ECE Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology amp Management as well as our Principal Dr K Venkateswara Reddy M Tech Ph D MISTE who gave me the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project on the topic Internet of Things which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and 1 came to know about so many new things We are really thankful to them And secondly 1 would also like to thank my parents and friends who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time frame Volume No 2 2015 Issue No 11 November REFERENCES 1 http www engineersgarage com arm projects introduction to arm microcontroll
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