Introducing the ARM Compiler toolchain
Contents
1. ARM architectures supported by the toolchain on page 2 14 Toolchain support on 64 bit host platforms on page 2 15 Further reading on page 2 26 Using the Compiler Chapter 2 Overview of the compiler Using the Assembler Chapter 2 Overview of the Assembler Using the Linker Chapter 2 Overview of the linker Using ARM C and C Libraries and Floating Point Support Chapter 2 The ARM C and C libraries Chapter 3 The ARM C micro library Creating Static Software Libraries with armar Chapter 2 Overview of the ARM Librarian Using the fromelf Image Converter Chapter 2 Overview of the fromelf image converter Other information ARM website http www arm com Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 4 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 2 Host platform support for ARM Compiler toolchain Except where stated the ARM Compiler toolchain supports both 32 bit and 64 bit versions of the following OS platforms Windows 7 Enterprise Edition Windows 7 Professional Edition Windows XP Professional SP3 32 bit only Windows Server 2003 Windows Server 2008 R2 2 2 1 See also Tasks Specifying Cygwin paths in compilation tools on Windows on page 2 25 Concepts About the ARM Compiler toolchain on page 2 3 ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 5 ID061811 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain About the t2. helper functions when compiling C additional C functions not supported by the Rogue Wave library The ARM C libraries provide an implementation of the library features as defined in the C and C standards extensions specific to the compiler such as _fisatty __heapstats and __heapvalid common nonstandard extensions to many C libraries POSIX extended functionality functions standardized by POSIX C micro libraries The ARM C micro library Microlib provides a highly optimized set of functions These functions are for use with deeply embedded applications that have to fit into extremely small amounts of memory Rogue Wave C library 2 1 1 Supporting software The Rogue Wave library provides an implementation of the standard C library You can debug the output from the toolchain with any debugger that is compatible with the ELF DWARF 2 and DWARF 3 specifications Updates and patches to the toolchain are available from the ARM web site as they become available 2 1 2 See also Concepts Host platform support for ARM Compiler toolchain on page 2 5 ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 3 Non Confidential ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain Licensed features of the toolchain on page 2 8 Standards compliance in the toolchain on page 2 9 Compliance with the ABI for the ARM Architecture Base Standard on page 2 10
3. 3 1 Using the compilation tools A typical application development might involve the following C C source code for the main application armcc assembly source code for near hardware components armasm such as interrupt service routines linking all objects together to generate an image armlink converting an image to flash format in plain binary Intel Hex and Motorola S formats fromelf The following figure shows how the compilation tools are used for the development of a typical application armcc armlink fromelf code C C ARM c o a CE and Thumb code debug mmm dat Plain binary ata 9 ____ erage Intel Hex Motorola S code N aA Assembly 0 data debug code _ debug Source code Object code Image Flash format Figure 3 1 A typical tool usage flow diagram 3 1 1 See also Tasks Using the compiler on page 3 3 Using the linker on page 3 5 Using the assembler on page 3 6 e Using the fromelf image converter on page 3 7 ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 3 2 ID061811 Non Confidential Creating an application 3 2 Using the compiler The compiler armcc can compile C and C source code into ARM and Thumb code Typically you invoke the compiler as follows armcc options ifile_1 ifile_n You can specify one or more input files 3 2 1 Compiling example To compi
4. 2 Linker command line options Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 3 5 Non Confidential Creating an application 3 4 Using the assembler The basic syntax to use the assembler armasm is armasm options inputfile For example to assemble the code in a file called myfile s and to include debugging information in the resulting object file type armasm debug myfile s This generates an object file called myfile o 3 4 1 Building an example from assembler source 3 4 2 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 To build an assembler program for example word s 1 Assemble the source file using the command armasm debug word s 2 Link the file using the command armlink word o o word axf 3 Use an ELF DWARF 2 and DWARF 3 compatible debugger to load and run the image Step through the program and examine the registers to see how they change Tasks Using the Assembler Assembler command line syntax on page 7 2 Reference Assembler Reference e Chapter 2 Assembler command line options Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 3 6 Non Confidential Creating an application 3 5 Using the fromelf image converter The features of the fromelf image converter utility include converting an executable image in ELF executable format to other file formats controlling debug information in output files disassembling either an ELF image or an ELF object file protecting intellectual property
5. 4 Using the Linker Linker command line syntax on page 2 3 Linker command line options listed in groups on page 2 4 Creating Static Software Libraries with armar armar command line syntax on page 2 4 armar command line options listed in groups on page 2 5 Using the fromelf Image Converter fromelf command line syntax on page 2 6 fromelf command line options listed in groups on page 2 7 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 17 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 12 About ordering the compilation tools command line options 2 12 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 In general command line options can appear in any order However the effects of some options depend on how they are combined with other related options Where options override other options on the same command line the options that appear closer to the end of the command line take precedence Where an option does not follow this rule this is noted in the description for that option Use the show_cmdline option to see how the command line is processed The commands are shown normalized Reference Compiler Reference show_cmdline on page 3 85 Assembler Reference show_cmdline on page 2 22 Linker Reference show_cmdline on page 2 112 Using the fromelf Image Converter show_cmdline on page 4 47 Creating Static Software Libraries with armar show_cmdline on page 6 28 C
6. IP in images and objects that are delivered to third parties printing information about an ELF image or an ELF object file 3 5 1 Examples of using fromelf 3 5 2 See also ARM DUI 0592A ID061811 The following examples show how to use frome1f fromelf text c s output outfile Ist infile axf Creates a plain text output file that contains the disassembled code and the symbol table of an ELF image fromelf bin 16x2 output outfile bin infile axf Creates two files in binary format outfile bin and outfilel bin for a target system with a memory configuration of a 16 bit memory width in two banks The output files in the last example are suitable for writing directly to 16 bit Flash device Tasks Using the fromelf Image Converter Chapter 3 Using fromelf Reference Using the fromelf Image Converter Chapter 4 fromelf command reference Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 3 7 Non Confidential
7. com arm doc ihi0044 index html Builds on the generic ELF standard to govern the exchange of linkable and executable files between producers and consumers Procedure Call Standard for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0042 index html Governs the exchange of control and data between functions at runtime There is a variant of the AAPCS for each of the major execution environment types supported by the toolchain Base Platform ABI for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0037 index html Governs the format and content of executable and shared object files generated by static linkers Supports platform specific executable files using post linking Provides a base standard that is used to derive a platform ABI C Library ABI for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0039 index html Defines an ABI to the C library C ABI for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi004 1 index html Builds on the generic C ABI originally developed for IA 64 to govern interworking between independent C compilers Support for Debugging Overlay Programs http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0049 index html Defines an extension to the ABI for the ARM Architecture to support debugging overlaid programs Exception Handling ABI for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic co
8. html ARM7 processors http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc set arm7 index html Vector floating point coprocessors http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc set vfp index html 2 19 2 Other publications ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 This ARM Compiler tools documentation is not intended to be an introduction to the C or C programming languages It does not try to teach programming in C or C and it is not a reference manual for the C or C standards Other publications provide general information about programming The following publications describe the C language ISO IEC 14882 2003 C Standard Stroustrup B The C Programming Language 3rd edition 1997 Addison Wesley Publishing Company Reading Massachusetts ISBN 0 201 88954 4 The following publications provide general C programming information Stroustrup B The Design and Evolution of C 1994 Addison Wesley Publishing Company Reading Massachusetts ISBN 0 201 54330 3 This book explains how C evolved from its first design to the language in use today Vandevoorde D and Josuttis N M C Templates The Complete Guide 2003 Addison Wesley Publishing Company Reading Massachusetts ISBN 0 201 73484 2 Meyers S Effective C 1992 Addison Wesley Publishing Company Reading Massachusetts ISBN 0 201 56364 9 This provides short specific guidelines for effective C development Copyright 2011 ARM Al
9. of cpu on the command line armcc Vvia armcc via c show_cmdline cpu ARM7TDMI hello c armcc show_cmdline debug c hello c In this case cpu ARM926EJ S is not used because cpu ARM7TDMI is the last instance of cpu on the command line In addition cpu ARM7TDMI is not shown in the output because this is the default option for cpu Reference Assembler Reference show_cmdline on page 2 22 via file on page 2 24 Compiler Reference show_cmdline on page 3 85 via filename on page 3 95 Appendix B Via File Syntax Linker Reference show_cmdline on page 2 112 via file on page 2 145 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 20 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain Creating Static Software Libraries with armar show_cmdline on page 6 28 via file on page 6 35 Using the fromelf Image Converter show_cmdline on page 4 47 via file on page 4 53 ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 21 1ID061811 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 15 Portability of source files between hosts 2 15 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 To assist portability of source files between hosts use the following guidelines Ensure that filenames do not contain spaces If you have to use path names or filenames containing spaces enclose the path and filename in double or single quotes Make embedded path names
10. relative rather than absolute Use forward slashes in embedded path names not backslashes Concepts Chapter 2 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 22 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 16 TMP environment variable for temporary file directories 2 16 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 The compilation tools use the environment variable TMP to specify the directory to be used for temporary files If TMP is not defined or if it is set to the name of a directory that does not exist temporary files are created in the current working directory TMP is typically set up by a system administrator However it is permissible for you to change it Concepts Chapter 2 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain Reference Toolchain environment variables on page 2 12 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 23 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 17 Specifying command line options with an environment variable You can specify command line options by setting the value of a tool specific environment variable ARMCCnn_ASMOPT for the assembler ARMCCnn_CCOPT for the compiler ARMCCnn_FROMELFOPT for the fromelf image converter ARMCCnn_LINKOPT for the linker The syntax is identical to the command line syntax The compilation tool reads the value of the environment variable and inserts it at the front of th
11. the licenses that are included Licensing of the ARM development tools for Vision is controlled by the Keil licensing system see Keil Product Licensing http www keil com license for details Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 8 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 5 Standards compliance in the toolchain 2 5 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 The toolchain conforms to the following standards In each case the level of compliance is noted ar armar produces and armlink consumes UNIX style object code archives armar can list and extract most ar format object code archives and armlink can use an ar format archive created by another archive utility providing it contains a symbol table member DWARF 3 DWARF 3 debug tables DWARF Debugging Standard Version 3 are supported by the toolchain DWARF 2 DWARF 2 debug tables are supported by the toolchain and by ELF DWARF 2 compatible debuggers from ARM ISOC The compiler accepts ISO C 1990 and 1999 source as input ISO C The compiler accepts ISO C 2003 source as input ELF The toolchain produces relocatable and executable files in ELF format The fromelf utility can translate ELF files into other formats Note The DWARF 2 and DWARF 3 standard is ambiguous in some areas such as debug frame data This means that there is no guarantee that third party debuggers can consume the DWARF produced by ARM code generation tools or that an ARM debugg
12. ARM Compiler toolchain v4 1 for uVision Introducing the ARM Compiler toolchain ARM Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved ARM DUI 0592A ID061811 ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 ARM Compiler toolchain v4 1 for Vision Introducing the ARM Compiler toolchain Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved Release Information The following changes have been made to this book Change History Date Issue Confidentiality Change June 2011 A Non Confidential Release for ARM Compiler toolchain v4 1 for p Vision Proprietary Notice Words and logos marked with or are registered trademarks or trademarks of ARM in the EU and other countries except as otherwise stated below in this proprietary notice Other brands and names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners Neither the whole nor any part of the information contained in or the product described in this document may be adapted or reproduced in any material form except with the prior written permission of the copyright holder The product described in this document is subject to continuous developments and improvements All particulars of the product and its use contained in this document are given by ARM in good faith However all warranties implied or expressed including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for purpose are excluded This document is intended only to assist the reader in the use of the product ARM sha
13. Keil Product Support http ww kei com support e ARM Glossary http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc aeg0014 index html Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 1 2 Non Confidential Chapter 2 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain The following topics provide general information about the ARM Compiler toolchain Tasks Using special characters on the compilation tools command line on page 2 16 Using a text file to specify command line options on page 2 20 Specifying command line options with an environment variable on page 2 24 Specifying Cygwin paths in compilation tools on Windows on page 2 25 Concepts About the ARM Compiler toolchain on page 2 3 About the toolchain documentation on page 2 6 Licensed features of the toolchain on page 2 8 Standards compliance in the toolchain on page 2 9 Compliance with the ABI for the ARM Architecture Base Standard on page 2 10 ARM architectures supported by the toolchain on page 2 14 Toolchain support on 64 bit host platforms on page 2 15 Compilation tools command line option rules on page 2 17 About ordering the compilation tools command line options on page 2 18 Autocompletion of compilation tools command line option on page 2 19 Portability of source files between hosts on page 2 22 TMP environment variable for temporary file directories on page 2 23 Reference Host platform support for ARM Compiler toolchain on page 2 5
14. Toolchain environment variables on page 2 12 ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 1 ID061811 Non Confidential ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Further reading on page 2 26 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 2 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 1 About the ARM Compiler toolchain The ARM Compiler toolchain enables you to build applications for the ARM family of processors from C C or ARM assembly language source The toolchain comprises armcc armasm armlink armar fromelf The ARM and Thumb compiler This compiles your C and C code It supports inline and embedded assemblers The ARM and Thumb assembler This assembles ARM and Thumb assembly language sources The linker This combines the contents of one or more object files with selected parts of one or more object libraries to produce an executable program The librarian This enables sets of ELF format object files to be collected together and maintained in archives or libraries You can pass such a library or archive to the linker in place of several ELF files You can also use the archive for distribution to a third party for further application development The image conversion utility This can also generate textual information about the input image such as disassembly and its code and data size C libraries C libraries The ARM C libraries provide
15. at are to be used outside your regular makefile The options listed appear before any options specified for the fromelf command in the makefile Therefore any options specified in the makefile might override the options listed in this environment variable ARMCCnn_LINKOPT An optional environment variable to define additional linker options that are to be used outside your regular makefile The options listed appear before any options specified for the armlink command in the makefile Therefore any options specified in the makefile might override the options listed in this environment variable ARMCCnn INC The default system include path That is the path used to search for header filenames enclosed in angle brackets The compiler option J overrides this environment variable The default location of the compiler include files is instal _directory RV31 INC ARMCCnnLIB The default location of the ARM standard C and C library files instal _directory RV31 LIB The compiler option libpath overrides this environment variable Note If you include a path separator at the end of the path the linker searches that directory and the subdirectories So for instal _directory RV31 LIB the linker searches LIB LIB armlib LIB cpplib ARMINC ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Used only if you do not specify the compiler option J and ARMCCnnINC is either not set or is empty See the description of ARMCCnnINC for more inf
16. control many aspects of the compilation tools operation with command line options The following rules apply depending on the type of option Single letter options All single letter options including single letter options with arguments are preceded by a single dash You can use a space between the option and the argument or the argument can immediately follow the option For example J directory Jdirectory Keyword options All keyword options including keyword options with arguments are preceded by a double dash An or space character is required between the option and the argument For example depend file d depend file d Compilation tools options that contain non leading or _ can use either of these characters For example force_new_nothrow is the same as force new nothrow To compile files with names starting with a dash use the POSIX option to specify that all subsequent arguments are treated as filenames not as command switches For example to compile a file named ifile_1 use armcc c ifile_1 In some Unix shells you might have to include quotes when using arguments to some command line options for example keep s o vect Reference Using the Assembler Assembler command line syntax on page 7 2 Assembler commands listed in groups on page 7 3 Using the Compiler Compiler command line syntax on page 3 3 Compiler command line options listed by group on page 3
17. cord Format DWARF debug table standards and ELF specifications The following publications provide information about the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI basic operations ETSI Recommendation G 191 Software tools for speech and audio coding standardization ITU T Software Tool Library 2005 User s manual included as part of ETSI Recommendation G 191 ETSI Recommendation G723 1 Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications transmitting at 5 3 and 6 3 kbit s ETSI Recommendation G 729 Coding of speech at 8 kbit s using conjugate structure algebraic code excited linear prediction CS ACELP These publications are all available from the telecommunications bureau of the International Telecommunication Union ITU web site http www itu int Publications providing information about Texas Instruments compiler intrinsics are available from Texas Instruments web site http ww ti com ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 27 Non Confidential Chapter 3 Creating an application The following topics describe how to create an application using the toolchain Tasks Using the compilation tools on page 3 2 Using the compiler on page 3 3 Using the linker on page 3 5 Using the assembler on page 3 6 Using the fromelf image converter on page 3 7 ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved ID061811 Non Confidential Creating an application
18. e command string This means that you can override options specified in the environment variable by arguments on the command line 2 17 1 See also Reference Toolchain environment variables on page 2 12 ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 24 ID061811 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 18 Specifying Cygwin paths in compilation tools on Windows 2 18 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 By default on Windows the compilation tools require path names to be in the Windows DOS format for example C myfiles If you want to use Cygwin path names then set the CYGPATH environment variable to the location of the cygpath exe file on your system For example set CYGPATH C cygwin bin cygpath exe You can now specify file locations in the compilation tools command line options using the Cygwin path format The paths are translated by cygpath exe For example to compile the file cygdrive h main c enter the command armcc c debug cygdrive h main c You can still specify paths that start with a drive letter for example C or C a UNC for example computer ARM Compiler tools do not translate these paths because the paths are already in a form that Windows understands Reference Toolchain environment variables on page 2 12 Assembler Reference Chapter 2 Assembler command line options Compiler Reference Chapter 3 Compiler Command line Options Linker Re
19. er can consume the DWARF produced by third party tools Concepts Compliance with the ABI for the ARM Architecture Base Standard on page 2 10 Using the Compiler Source language modes of the compiler on page 2 3 Other information The DWARF Debugging Standard http dwarfstd org International Organization for Standardization http ww iso org iso home htm Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 9 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 6 Compliance with the ABI for the ARM Architecture Base Standard The Application Binary Interface ABI for the ARM Architecture Base Standard BSABI is a collection of standards Some of these standards are open Some are specific to the ARM architecture They regulate the inter operation of binary code and development tools in ARM architecture based execution environments By conforming to this standard objects produced by the toolchain can work together with object libraries from different producers The BSABI consists of a family of specifications including AADWARF DWARF for the ARM Architecture AAELF AAPCS BPABI CLIBABI CPPABI DBGOVL EHABI RTABI ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0040 index html This ABI uses DWARF 3 standard to govern the exchange of debugging data between object producers and debuggers ELF for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic
20. etyesutzesvhcecgadieuwercicnbeceaesunenesbantpretaneangoee 3 5 ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved iii ID061811 Non Confidential Contents 3 4 Using the assembler msiingie tiie seduce eiai sted 3 6 3 5 Using the fromelf image converter o oo eee cence eeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeseeeeeesneeeeeeaaeeesaees 3 7 ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved iv ID061811 Non Confidential Chapter 1 Conventions and feedback The following describes the typographical conventions and how to give feedback Typographical conventions The following typographical conventions are used monospace Denotes text that can be entered at the keyboard such as commands file and program names and source code monospace Denotes a permitted abbreviation for a command or option The underlined text can be entered instead of the full command or option name monospace italic Denotes arguments to commands and functions where the argument is to be replaced by a specific value monospace bold Denotes language keywords when used outside example code italic Highlights important notes introduces special terminology denotes internal cross references and citations bold Highlights interface elements such as menu names Also used for emphasis in descriptive lists where appropriate and for ARM processor signal names Feedback on this product If you have any comments and suggestions about this product contact yo
21. ference Chapter 2 Linker command line options Creating Static Software Libraries with armar Chapter 6 armar command reference Using the fromelf Image Converter Chapter 4 fromelf command reference Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 25 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 19 Further reading Additional information on developing code for the ARM family of processors is available from both ARM and third parties 2 19 1 ARM publications ARM periodically provides updates and corrections to its documentation See ARM Infocenter http infocenter arm com help index jsp for current errata sheets and addenda and the ARM Frequently Asked Questions FAQs For full information about the base standard software interfaces and standards supported by ARM see Application Binary Interface ABI for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc subset swdev abi index html In addition see the following documentation for specific information relating to ARM products ARM Architecture Reference Manuals http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc subset arch reference index html Cortex R series processors http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc set cortexr index html Cortex M series processors http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc set cortexm index html ARM9 processors http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc set arm9 index
22. iler toolchain 2 14 Using a text file to specify command line options Some operating systems restrict the length of the command line You can either specify options that extend beyond this limit by including them in a text file place all of your command line options in a text file To use a text file to specify command line options 1 Create a text file containing the required command line options The options must be specified on a single line For example debug cpu ARM926EJ S Use the via command line option to specify the file location containing the required options For example armcc via myoptions txt You can use any filename extension or no filename extension 2 14 1 Priority of command line options when using them in a text file 2 14 2 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 The compiler reads the command line options from the specified file and combines them with any additional options you have specified on the command line The priority given to a command line option depends on the command line option the position of the via option on the command line To see the priority of the options specify the show_cmdline option For example if armcc txt contains the options debug cpu ARM926EJ S armcc c show_cmdline cpu ARM7TDMI via armcc txt hello c armcc show_cmdline debug c cpu ARM926EJ S hello c In this case cpu ARM7TDMI is not used because cpu ARM926EJ S is the last instance
23. ing ARM C and C Libraries and Floating Point Support Chapter 2 The ARM C and C libraries Using the fromelf Image Converter Chapter 2 Overview of the fromelf image converter Creating Static Software Libraries with armar Chapter 2 Overview of the ARM Librarian Reference Assembler Reference Chapter 2 Assembler command line options Compiler Reference Chapter 3 Compiler Command line Options Linker Reference Chapter 2 Linker command line options Using the fromelf Image Converter Chapter 4 fromelf command reference Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 13 Non Confidential 2 8 2 8 1 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain ARM architectures supported by the toolchain See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 The toolchain includes support for all ARM architectures from ARMv4 onwards that are currently supported by ARM All architectures before ARMv4 are obsolete and are no longer supported You can specify a target processor or architecture to take advantage of extra features specific to the selected processor or architecture To do this use the following command line options cpu name fpu name You can specify the startup instruction set ARM or Thumb with the arm or thumb command line options Also you can force an ARM only instruction set with the arm_only option The compilation tools provide support for mixing ARM and Thumb code This is known as interw
24. l rights reserved 2 26 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain Meyers S More Effective C 2nd edition 1997 Addison Wesley Publishing Company Reading Massachusetts ISBN 0 201 92488 9 The following publications provide general C programming information ISO IEC 9899 1999 C Standard The standard is available from national standards bodies for example AFNOR in France ANSI in the USA Kernighan B W and Ritchie D M The C Programming Language 2nd edition 1988 Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs NJ USA ISBN 0 13 110362 8 This book is co authored by the original designer and implementer of the C language and is updated to cover the essentials of ANSI C Harbison S P and Steele G L A C Reference Manual Sth edition 2002 Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs NJ USA ISBN 0 13 089592 X This is a very thorough reference guide to C including useful information on ANSI C Plauger P The Standard C Library 1991 Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs NJ USA ISBN 0 13 131509 9 This is a comprehensive treatment of ANSI and ISO standards for the C Library Koenig A C Traps and Pitfalls Addison Wesley 1989 Reading Mass ISBN 0 201 17928 8 This explains how to avoid the most common traps in C programming It provides informative reading at all levels of competence in C See The DWARF Debugging Standard web site http ww dwarfstd org for the latest information about the Debug With Arbitrary Re
25. lchain environment variables The ARM Compiler toolchain does not require environment variables to be set However there are situations where you might want to set environment variables For example if you want to specify additional command line options for armcc but you do not want to modify your build scripts then you can specify the options using ARMCCnn_CCOPT The environment variables used by the toolchain are Table 2 1 Environment variables used by the toolchain Environment variable a Setting ARMROOT Your installation directory root instal1_directory This documentation assumes that instal _directory is C Keil ARM ARMCCnn_ASMOPT An optional environment variable to define additional assembler options that are to be used outside your regular makefile The options listed appear before any options specified for the armasm command in the makefile Therefore any options specified in the makefile might override the options listed in this environment variable ARMCCnn_CCOPT An optional environment variable to define additional compiler options that are to be used outside your regular makefile The options listed appear before any options specified for the armcc command in the makefile Therefore any options specified in the makefile might override the options listed in this environment variable ARMCCnn_FROMELFOPT An optional environment variable to define additional fromelf image converter options th
26. le the C example source file shapes cpp 1 Compile the C file shapes cpp with the following command armcc cpp debug c 01 shapes cpp o shapes o The following options are commonly used C Tells the compiler to compile only and not link cpp Tells the compiler that the source is C debug Tells the compiler to add debug tables for source level debugging 01 Tells the compiler to generate code with restricted optimizations applied to give a satisfactory debug view with good code density and performance o filename Tells the compiler to create an object file with the specified filename Note Be aware that arm is the default compiler option 2 Link the file armlink shapes o info totals o shapes axf 3 Use an ELF DWARF 2 and DWARF 3 compatible debugger to load and run the image See the readme txt file that accompanies the example for more information 3 2 2 Compiling for ARM code The following compiler options generate ARM code arm Tells the compiler to generate ARM code in preference to Thumb code However pragma thumb overrides this option This is the default compiler option arm_only Forces the compiler to generate only ARM code The compiler behaves as if Thumb is absent from the target architecture Any pragma thumb declarations are ignored 3 2 3 Compiling for Thumb code To build a Thumb version use armcc thumb ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reser
27. ll not be liable for any loss or damage arising from the use of any information in this document or any error or omission in such information or any incorrect use of the product Where the term ARM is used it means ARM or any of its subsidiaries as appropriate Confidentiality Status This document is Non Confidential The right to use copy and disclose this document may be subject to license restrictions in accordance with the terms of the agreement entered into by ARM and the party that ARM delivered this document to Product Status The information in this document is final that is for a developed product Web Address http www arm com Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved ii Non Confidential Contents ARM Compiler toolchain v4 1 for pVision Introducing the ARM Compiler toolchain Chapter 1 Conventions and feedback Chapter 2 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 1 About the ARM Compiler toolchain eee eeccecesneeeeeeeeeeeneeeseaeeeseeeeeeaeeeeenaeeeennaees 2 3 2 2 Host platform support for ARM Compiler toolchain ccececeecceeeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 2 5 2 3 About the toolchain documentation ooo cece ceeceeeeeeeceenneeeeneeeeeneeeeeaeeenneeeeenaeesneaees 2 6 2 4 Licensed features of the toolchain eee eeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeaeeeeneeeensaeeeeeaas 2 8 2 5 Standards compliance in the toolchain 00 0 ee sees eeeeeeeceeeeeeeneeeeeenaeeeneeeeeeneeeeneaes 2 9 2 6 Compliance with the ABI fo
28. m arm doc ihi0038 index html Defines both the language independent and C specific aspects of how exceptions are thrown and handled Run time ABI for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0043 index html Governs what independently produced objects can assume of their execution environments by way of floating point and compiler helper function support Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 10 Non Confidential 2 6 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain If you are upgrading to ARM Compiler v4 1 for p Vision from a previous toolchain release ensure that you are using the most recent versions of the ARM specifications Other information Application Binary Interface for the ARM Architecture Introduction and downloads http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0036 index html Addenda to and Errata in the ABI for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0045 index html Differences between v1 and v2 of the ABI for the ARM Architecture http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0047 index html ABI for the ARM Architecture Advisory Note SP must be 8 byte aligned on entry to AAPCS conforming functions http infocenter arm com help topic com arm doc ihi0046 index html Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 11 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 7 Too
29. mation for the various features of the linker armlink It also provides a detailed description of each linker command line option Creating Static Software Libraries with armar ARM DUI 0590 This document describes how to use the various features of the librarian armar It also provides a detailed description of each armar command line option Using the fromelf Image Converter ARM DUI 0459 This document describes how to use the various features of the ELF image converter fromelf It also provides a detailed description of each fromelf command line option Errors and Warning Reference ARM DUI 0591 This document describes the errors and warnings that might be generated by each of the build tools in ARM Compiler v4 1 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 6 Non Confidential ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain Migration and Compatibility ARM DUI 0593 This document describes the differences you must be aware of in the ARM Compiler toolchain v4 1 for p Vision when migrating your software from earlier toolchain versions such as ARM RVCT v4 0 for pVision Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 7 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 4 Licensed features of the toolchain ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 The toolchain requires a toolchain license If you purchased the toolchain with another ARM product see the Getting Started document of that product for details of
30. oolchain documentation ARM DUI 0592A The toolchain documentation comprises Introducing the ARM Compiler toolchain ARM DUI 0592 this document This document gives an overview of the toolchain and features Using the Compiler ARM DUI 0375 This document describes how to use the various features of the compiler armcc Compiler Reference ARM DUI 0376 This document provides reference information for the various features of the compiler armcc It also provides a detailed description of each compiler command line option Using ARM C and C Libraries and Floating Point Support ARM DUI 0378 This document describes the features of the ARM C and C libraries and how to use them It also describes the floating point support of the libraries ARM C and C Libraries and Floating Point Support Reference ARM DUI 0589 This document provides reference information for the various features of the ARM C and C libraries Using the Assembler ARM DUI 0379 This document describes how to use the various features of the assembler armasm Assembler Reference ARM DUI 0588 This document provides reference information for the various features of the assembler armasm It also provides a detailed description of each assembler command line option Using the Linker ARM DUI 0377 This document describes how to use the various features of the linker armlink Linker Reference ARM DUI 0458 This document provides reference infor
31. opyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved Non Confidential 2 18 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 13 Autocompletion of compilation tools command line option 2 13 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 You can specify a shortened version of a command line option with the autocompletion feature To use the autocompletion feature insert a full stop after the characters to be autocompleted The following rules apply to the autocompletion feature you must separate arguments from the full stop by an equals character or a space character you cannot use autocompletion for the arguments to an option e you must include sufficient characters to make the autocompleted option unique For example use diag_su 223 to specify diag_suppress 223 on the command line Specifying diag 223 is not valid because diag does not identify a single unique command line option Reference Using the Assembler Assembler commands listed in groups on page 7 3 Using the Compiler Compiler command line options listed by group on page 3 4 Using the Linker Linker command line options listed in groups on page 2 4 Creating Static Software Libraries with armar armar command line options listed in groups on page 2 5 Using the fromelf Image Converter Jromelf command line options listed in groups on page 2 7 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 19 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Comp
32. orking and enables branching between ARM code and Thumb code Tasks Using the Compiler Selecting the target CPU at compile time on page 5 8 Reference Compiler Reference arm on page 3 11 arm_only on page 3 11 cpu name on page 3 20 fpu name on page 3 44 thumb on page 3 90 Assembler Reference arm on page 2 6 arm_only on page 2 6 cpu name on page 2 8 fpu name on page 2 13 thumb on page 2 23 Linker Reference arm_only on page 2 9 cpu name on page 2 27 fpu name on page 2 57 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 14 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 9 Toolchain support on 64 bit host platforms 2 9 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Although the toolchain is supported on certain 64 bit platforms the tools are 32 bit applications This limits the virtual address space and file size available to the tools If these limits are exceeded armlink reports an error message to indicate that there is not enough memory This might cause confusion because sufficient physical memory is available but the application cannot access it Concepts About the ARM Compiler toolchain on page 2 3 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 15 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 10 Using special characters on the compilation tools command line 2 10 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 You can use special cha
33. ormation Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 12 Non Confidential 2 7 1 Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain Table 2 1 Environment variables used by the toolchain continued Environment variable 2 Setting ARMLIB Used only if you do not specify the compiler option 1ibpath and ARMCCnnLIB is either not set or is empty See the description of ARMCCnnLIB for more information CYGPATH The location of the cygpath exe file on your system in Cygwin path format For example C cygwin bin cygpath exe You must set this if you want to specify paths in Cygwin format for the compilation tools TMP Used on Windows platforms to specify the directory to be used for temporary files If TMP is not defined or if it is set to the name of a directory that does not exist temporary files are created in the current working directory a Replace nn with the version of the toolchain you are using For example ARMCC41INC if you are using ARM Compiler toolchain v4 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Concepts TMP environment variable for temporary file directories on page 2 23 Specifying command line options with an environment variable on page 2 24 Specifying Cygwin paths in compilation tools on Windows on page 2 25 Using the Assembler Chapter 2 Overview of the Assembler Using the Compiler Chapter 2 Overview of the compiler Using the Linker Chapter 2 Overview of the linker Us
34. r the ARM Architecture Base Standard 2 10 2 7 Toolchain environment variables oo eee eeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeaeeeseneeeeeeeeennaeeeseeaees 2 12 2 8 ARM architectures supported by the toolchain ccccccecsececeeeeceeeeeeeeeeteeeeeetees 2 14 2 9 Toolchain support on 64 bit host platforms cccccceceeecteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeaees 2 15 2 10 Using special characters on the compilation tools command line eee 2 16 2 11 Compilation tools command line Option rules 2 17 2 12 About ordering the compilation tools command line Options 2 18 2 13 Autocompletion of compilation tools command line Option ec eeeeeeeeeeeteees 2 19 2 14 Using a text file to specify command line Options ccecceeeeeeeeeceeeeseeeteeeeetees 2 20 2 15 Portability of source files between hosts cccececeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesenneeeees 2 22 2 16 TMP environment variable for temporary file directories cceeeeeeeteteeeeees 2 23 2 17 Specifying command line options with an environment variable 00008 2 24 2 18 Specifying Cygwin paths in compilation tools on WindOWS c ceeeereees 2 25 2 19 Further reac 205 35 2ees E E T ET 2 26 Chapter 3 Creating an application 3 1 Using the Compilation tools ssion a a n 3 2 3 2 Using the compiler vtec orena i ae ci ele ee E 3 3 3 3 Using the INKOR scssi circa tesaicsaneescetbentuenets tbaet sec
35. racters to select multiple symbolic names in some compilation tools command arguments the wildcard character can be used to match any name the wildcard character can be used to match any single character If you are using a special character on Unix platforms you must enclose the options in quotes to prevent the shell expanding the selection For example enter instead of x Note The armar command line options must be preceded by a This is different from some earlier versions of armar and from some third party archivers Reference Using the Assembler Assembler command line syntax on page 7 2 Assembler commands listed in groups on page 7 3 Using the Compiler Compiler command line syntax on page 3 3 Compiler command line options listed by group on page 3 4 Using the Linker Linker command line syntax on page 2 3 Linker command line options listed in groups on page 2 4 Creating Static Software Libraries with armar armar command line syntax on page 2 4 armar command line options listed in groups on page 2 5 Using the fromelf Image Converter fromelf command line syntax on page 2 6 fromelf command line options listed in groups on page 2 7 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 2 16 Non Confidential Overview of the ARM Compiler toolchain 2 11 Compilation tools command line option rules 2 11 1 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 You can
36. ur supplier and give your name and company ARM DUI 0592A Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved 1 1 ID061811 Non Confidential ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Conventions and feedback the serial number of the product details of the release you are using details of the platform you are using such as the hardware platform operating system type and version a small standalone sample of code that reproduces the problem a clear explanation of what you expected to happen and what actually happened the commands you used including any command line options sample output illustrating the problem the version string of the tools including the version number and build numbers Feedback on content If you have comments on content then send an e mail to errata arm com Give the title the number ARM DUI 0592A if viewing online the topic names to which your comments apply if viewing a PDF version of a document the page numbers to which your comments apply a concise explanation of your comments ARM also welcomes general suggestions for additions and improvements ARM periodically provides updates and corrections to its documentation on the ARM Information Center together with knowledge articles and Frequently Asked Questions FAQs Other information ARM Product Manuals http ww keil com support man_arm htm Keil Support Knowledgebase http www keil com support knowledgebase asp
37. ved 3 3 1ID061811 Non Confidential 3 2 4 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 Creating an application where thumb Tells the compiler to generate Thumb code in preference to ARM code However pragma arm overrides this option Tasks Using the linker on page 3 5 Using the Compiler Chapter 3 Getting started with the Compiler Reference Compiler Reference Command line options on page 3 6 arm on page 3 11 arm_only on page 3 11 c on page 3 17 debug no_debug on page 3 24 g on page 3 47 o filename on page 3 69 Onum on page 3 71 thumb on page 3 90 pragma arm on page 5 47 pragma thumb on page 5 60 Copyright 2011 ARM All rights reserved Non Confidential 3 4 Creating an application 3 3 Using the linker The linker combines the contents of one or more object files with selected parts of one or more object libraries to produce an image or object file Typically you invoke the linker as follows armlink options file_1 file_n 3 3 1 Linking example 3 3 2 See also ARM DUI 0592A 1D061811 To link the object file shapes o use the command armlink shapes o info totals o shapes axf where 0 Specifies the output file as shapes axf info totals Tells the linker to display totals of the Code and Data sizes for input objects and libraries Tasks Using the Linker Chapter 3 Linking models supported by armlink Reference Linker Reference Chapter
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