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1. Diffuser base form factor for a round spiral cross section Diffuser Diffuser Compares diffuser base form factor of 0 2 and 1 0 for a spiral cross section of type line segments The Spiral start position indicates the angular position at which the spiral begins and influences the intersection of spiral and diffuser It has to be at least 1 and must be lower than the intersection position of spiral and diffuser If Automatic is activated the optimal angular position is determined automatically The Surface transition defines the transition from the side patch surfaces to the central fillet surface Tangential Tangential transition between both surfaces Time consuming O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Non tangential No tangential transition between both surfaces Automatic Tries tangential transition If it fails a non tangential transition is used Time consuming If the fillet cut water mode has been chosen the 3D model is set to the model state s Solids only after every update of the design because only then the spiral and diffuser surfaces that are trimmed according to the fillet are visible 10 5 3 Sharp For sharp cut water design the spiral and the diffuser are trimmed only at their intersection curve The resulting geometry can be processed in the CAD system O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH KN CFturbo 10 Prer
2. A Approximation functions al Ea File location Outlet width ratio Pois Gel Es E b2 d2 nq b2 d2 Open B Save as E H aH H 0 45 1 20 0 12 C daten Software CFturbo So Functions cftfu 2 30 0 17 3 40 0 22 Functions 221 4 so 0 26 Inclination angle trailing edge 5 70 0 32 Inlet flow angle 0 35 6 100 0 42 Intake number E 8 Mechanical efficiency gt Meridional deceleration 10 NPSHR coefficient abs velocity 025 G lich waste water 11 NPSHR coefficient rel velocity 12 Outlet flow angle 13 14 bs Outlet number Outlet width ratio Test 0 15 P d Raabe ma efault value ng G lich b2 d2 Side friction efficiency 0 05 Suction specific speed Tip clearance efficiency m OK OK saves all ae changes Volumetric efficiency X Cancel Work coefficient 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 I 7 Help Wrap angle w 100 19 0 49552 Source Guelich All available functions are listed in a tree structure in the panel Functions left from diagram sorted by machine type The user must first select the variable under the corresponding machine type CFturbo s internal function is displayed in the diagram in blue color You can add any user defined function for each variable Selected function is displayed in the diagram in addition to CFturbo s internal function Function with active check box is used by CFturbo for calculations If no function has active checkbox or no additional f
3. 4 None 9 Symmetric Fixed thickness distribution E sl Global point count identic profiles from hub to shroud gt Flexible length position Leading edge LE Trailing edge TE Suction side SS IT rel Blade length Iv 5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 1082 21 100 Debug Hub Middle Shroud IV Visible Configure IV Diagrams synchronized in extension V Fit s extension BE Reference designs The orthogonal blade thickness values are added to both sides of the blade mean line to create the pressure and suction sides of the blade In the panel Geometry the following properties for the profile design can be specified Design Mode Linear Linear interpolation between control points Freeform Bezier curves are used for the thickness distribution O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 339 Linked to Main Only for splitter blades splitter profile is linked to main profile Global point count Global number of control points Identic profiles All profiles have the same thickness distribution Flexible length position Shifting control points in horizontal direction SS PS Coupling None No coupling between suction side and pressure side Symmetric Symmetric thickness distribution control points on suction and pressure side are coupled Fixed thickness distribution Shifting the
4. testi Windows 7 x64 Service Pack 1 build 7601 German 5 days 1 hour 17 seconds 8x Intel R Core TM i7 2820QM CPU 2 30GHz 1064 8075 MB free total C 4 74 GB 1600x900 32 bit 16d04 130 81 MB 1008 68 MB CFturbo exe 2015 01 19 13 27 10 0 0 0 Delphi XE7 4 0 11 3972a67e 9cb30ace 9cb30ace 1 Exception Fehlermeldung 2 7 2 Emergency recovery If CFturbo terminates abnormally the last project state is still available and can be restored at next program start In this case the following message is displayed and one can open this last project state optionally O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 52 CFturbo 10 Restore CFturbo terminated abnormally during last execution An emergency recovery file is available Date 26 06 2015 Time 11 02 47 3 Do you want to open this file Get more information Y Yes O No The last project state is the newest item of the Undo 131 list of the previous project 2 7 3 Known problems The following table lists known problems together with their possible solutions When CFturbo is started the following error message is Update the graphics card driver display ed LoadLibrary failed with error 1114 A dynamic link library DLL initialization routine failed LoadLibrary failed on Windows 10 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH s CFturbo 10 3 Start After starting the program you see the following
5. Customize Macros yi E P Logic Design Copy 7 Streamline EP Link VBA Edit lier Content Application D 11 Exchange a Editor Batch Publish S Supplier Options tings App Manager I Add Ins 28 IdeaStation Options y Content Center Web AUTODESK INVENTOR O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 128 CFturbo 10 Troubleshooting e Selecting the maximal number of points for one or all components in Model settings Point export 37 could cause too large exported files and Out of memory error message while importing in Inventor To avoid this problem reduce the selected number of points 6 2 1 4 4 7 AutoGrid NUMECA International The geometry data for impeller is exported by CFturbo to geomTurbo files which can be loaded by AutoGrid5 e Start IGG Change to AutoGrid5 mode Modules AutoGrid5 74 1GG8 10 2 Undefined le Geometry Grid View Tools Modules SFA s Reg mA SS r AutoGrid5 NN Connect Generate oo vw A c Geometry Groups Block Groups Grid Configuration aaa B 1 of 1 729 of 729 invalid F 1of6 K 1 9x9x9 E 1of4 J 1 block type fluid IS 1 of 1 9Pts Mice Number of grid levels 4 4 4 0 768526 0 044004 1224522 e Open a new project File New Project O CFturbo Software amp Eng
6. The trailing edge turbines leading edge is fixed on meridional outlet turbines inlet and can not designed like the leading edgel 2A turbines trailing edgel 28 Uncheck this option to detach the trailing edge turbines leading edge from meridional outlet turbines inlet and design its position and shape independently Display Options In the Display Options panel some graphical representations can be activated for illustration Area circles for calculation of cross section area O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH radial coordinate r mmi O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 271 Neighboring components on inlet and outlet side are displayed for information Use the buttons to zoom the current meridional shape only or the entire geometry Meridional flow Grid grid used for meridional flow calculation see Meridional flow calculation zeal Meridional flow Streamlines meridional streamlines equal mass flow fraction between neighboring streamlines see Meridional flow calculation zal 272 CFturbo 10 Meridional flow cm lines iso lines of const meridional velocity c see Meridional flow calculation zea Meridional flow cm surfaces iso surfaces of const meridional velocity c scaling is displayed below the diagram see Meridional flow calculation zal 3 32 34 36 38 4
7. Cut water height The cut water itself is designed by a 4th order Bezier curve The shape can be modified interactively after zooming in Zoom Cut water 10 52 Fillet For fillet cut water design the spiral and the diffuser are trimmed and rounded at their intersection curve CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Prerequisites The wrap angle 12 must be high enough so that spiral and diffuser intersect Design mode Simple Filet Sharp The corresponding fillet radius can be specified m Ens Additionally the Diffuser base form factor defines the Diffuser base roundness of the first diffuser cross section on its base form factor side and is between 0 2 and 1 prs e 0 cornered base side like spiral section Spiral start position i p po e 1 full rounded base side w Automatic The factor affects the shape of the intersection curve Surface transition Non tangential ala and therefore the shape of the cut water CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EH CFturbo 10 Helme IC sm s el s Ol gt ba Diffuser base form factor E ES L1 IE Xt DO h
8. Direct input O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 2 CFturbo 10 e Automatic calculation option Automatic Here the diameter ratio will be adjusted in a way that the guideline of the geometrical ratios 2s will be met Direct specification of d in the tab sheet Dimensions Here the diameter ratio is not necessary With diameter ratio d d option Automatic is deactivated Efficiency In the group Efficiency the following efficiencies need to be given Design relevant e Rotor efficiency total total Information only e Mechanical efficiency Internal and mechanical efficiency form the overall efficiency coupling efficiency P Po isentropic Rotor power Nist P Nt Im Q Pp Power output coupling driving power The rotor efficiency or blade efficiency describes the energy losses within the turbine caused by friction and vorticity Friction losses mainly originate from shear stresses in boundary layers Vorticity losses are caused by turbulence and on the other hand by changes of flow cross section and flow direction which may lead to secondary flow flow separation wake behind blades etc The rotor efficiency is the ratio between the actual specific work Y and the specific work at loss less transmission Nett lt lt The mechanical efficiency mainly includes the friction losses in bearings and seals rising with impeller size Information CFturbo Software a
9. gt Licensing 43 Approximation functions 3 gt Fluids 143 gt Profiles 152 gt Generall iss gt Units s3l Impeller Stator 6 4 1 Licensing e Perferences Licensing Licensing SS See General Licensing 12 6 4 2 Approximation functions Perferences Database Approximation functions By CFturbo uses many approximation functions These functions are based on published measurement data that facilitate the forecast of optimal or accessible values In this dialog the approximation functions are displayed graphically and can be customized If an open project is available then only the project relevant functions are displayed otherwise all functions CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 106 CFturbo 10 are available Currently 116 functions are available for the following individual component types and sub types Axial Pump Impeller o Standard o Inducer Axial Turbine Rotor o Standard o Rocket Engine Axial Ventilator Impeller o Standard o Automotive Cooling Radial Compressor Impeller Radial Pump Impeller o Standard o Wastewater Radial Turbine Rotor Radial Ventilator Impeller e Stator e Volute Each function has a hard coded default function For each of these functions custom point wise defined curves can be added alternatively These custom defined curves are saved in the file Functions cftfu that contains the custom defined functions only The d
10. In panel Geometry the blade edge shape can be selected 1 Simple O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 3 The blade edge has a blunt end A straight line is calculated from the endpoint of suction side perpendicular to the mean line Trim on inlet outlet effects trimming the blade on the corresponding inlet or outlet surface The trimming is possible on the trailing edge only or on the leading edge of turbines 2 Ellipse The blade edge is rounded elliptically The semi axis ratio can be defined One axis runs on the mean line the other perpendicular 3 Bezier O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 3 CFturbo 10 For this purpose 4th order Bezier curves are used Points 0 and 4 representing the transition between the blade sides and the rounded blade edge You can move these points only along the corresponding blade side Bezier points 1 and 3 can only be moved on straight lines which correspond to the gradient of the curve in points 0 or 4 respectively in order to guarantee smooth transition from the contour to the blade edge Bezier point 2 is not restricted to move it has the most influence to the shape of the blade edge lts horizontal position is calculated automatically in such way that the leading edge starts at position l 0 and the trailing edge ends at position I blade length The blade edges are designed at the first or last 10 of the blade length Axis Symmetric resu
11. this base e lt BatchAction Name Save OutputFile C lExamplesl Impeller Pump1_new cft gt Is used for saving the CFturbo project after applying batch updates Can also be used for the automatic conversion of CFturbo files created with older program versions The OutputFile attribute specifies the absolute path of the file save destination CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH For details about component specific parameters see gt Parameters for impellers 29 Parameters for volutes 33 If certain values are not in the batch mode template that are listed there as available on the sub pages it may be due to them being meaningless in the context of the current project settings In this case they are not included in the batch mode template For example values related to splitter blades if splitter blades are not enabled 2 2 1 Parameters for impellers stators Main dimensions lt MainDimensionsElement gt Impeller Hub diameter d at inlet Suction diameter d at inlet axial Hub diameter d at outlet impeller Shroud diameter d at outlet radial Inlet diameter leading edge d mixed impeller tip clearance for unshrouded impellers m Stator lt MerData gt Inlet Outlet geometry see Interface Merlnlet MerOutlet definition 40 Interface position Hub Shroud if the inlet outlet is the primary interface side m Offsets for Hub Shroud or Center line Used to define the ab
12. 8 1 1 2 goal used for the design of the selected impeller index i is determined by E e E enel where the capital E may either be head specific work or pressure difference resp The lower case e is the ratio describing the power partitioning for the selected impeller When creating a new design the initial default settings for some important properties are displayed in the panel Initial default settings These settings are used in further design steps and can be modified by selecting the Change settings button Of course these default settings can be modified manually in the appropriate design steps See Preferences Impeller Stator settings s for more information Some design point values are displayed in the right Information panel when selecting the page Values see Global setup 71 Parameters On page Parameters you have to put in or to modify parameters resulting from approximation functions in dependence on specific speed nq or flow rate Q Separate functions exist for pumps and ventilators Additionally some specific functions for waste water pumps are available See Approximation functions 48 Main dimension El O Setup Dimensions Information es Parameters Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles a2 Calculate suction diameter dS with y stration only v Automatic fit view Intake number a E o 2 Version 1 Calculate impeller diameter d2 with 0741 0518 Work coefficient X y jos u
13. Furthermore it s possible to select an alternatively specific speed definition using the separate units for Revolutions Flow rate and Head On the bottom side some information for the currently selected specific speed definition is displayed The Factor on dimensionless value is the factor used to convert the General specific speed n to the currently selected definition Furthermore the Typical range of the specific speed definition for radial mixed flow and axial machines is displayed in the table O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 6 4 6 3 Other Here some additional unit settings can be selected Units These physical units are used to display the values in CFturbo dialogs General Specific speed Other Blade flow angle a B Defined from velocity vector to Blade flow angle tu angles measured against circumferential direction _ circumferential direction Tu meridional internal angles of the velocity triangle O direction cm allowed range 0 180 Suction specific speed Eqs _ n min Q m s 2 gt cm Boss Pss NPSH m 9 MENss Typical range 1 5E2 4E2 1 2E3 angles measured against meridional directi allowed range 90 90 Y Close 7 Help Suction specific speed There are 3 alternative possibilities to define the suction specific speed for pumps e Sl definition dimensionless Mos q N _ g NPSH Nss e Eur
14. Hub amp Shroud Hub and shroud countours can be designed as e Bezier curve The curve is defined by the position of the Bezier points gt Details 273 Circular Arc Straight line The curve consists of a circular arc and a straight line gt Details 280 Straight line The contour is defined by a straight line between start and endpoint O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 275 Polyline The curve is fixed and cannot be modified interactively Import of point sets from file is possible Load polyline Radial ventilator impellers are designed simply by arc and line by default Circular Arc Straight line all other impeller types in Bezier mode Bezier curve ua gt Angle Y Special context menu features e On the endpoints of hub and shroud the complete geometry can be shifted optionally Shift complete geometry Hence the geometry can be positioned on a specific axial position There are some reasonable constraints when working in this simplified mode e g the inclination angle of the trailing edge can only be set when hub and shroud are in Bezier mode both O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 276 CFturbo 10 8 2 1 4 Bezier Bezier curves Hub and Shroud are represented by 4th order Bezier curves This is the default and most flexible curve mode The curve is determined by five Bezier points Points O and 4 are defining the endpoints of the curves while
15. Impeller 369 i D Extensio l Miscellaneous Qe dE A d By SY B Activate Tangential y 2 5195 m radial 9 absolute FE tlet at r nstant Cross section area Extension inlet 35940 mm Extension outlet mm Reference designs Visible ray Configure 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 280 290 100 110 120 130 140 Y OK XCancel 2 Hep 66 1 1597 100 Hub Middle Shroud The extension defines the Rotor Stator Interface RSI Its geometric parameters will be considered at the next component as inlet conditions so that the geometries as well as the meshes based on them match each other Typically the RSI is located in the middle of the rotating and the non rotating component Extension RSI Connection Stator Volute n RSI Connection see Other s7s Using the extension is recommended because otherwise the trailing edges of the blades would just lie on the rotor stator interface which can cause both meshing problems and numerical simulation errors Meshing problems could occur especially for small values of the blade angle B The drop down menu Direction sets the direction of the extension If it is set to tangential hub and shroud will be tangentially extended Below you can specify the Length of the extension and whether the length should be measured radial or absolute i e in the direction specified above O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH
16. changes into the project This feature enables you to quickly navigate all basic design steps in the correct order to apply small modifications faster and more comfortably This option is only available if the selected component has a next design step that is mandatory Otherwise it s grayed out OK Complete all design steps Closes the dialog and saves user changes into the project Finally it completes all subsequent mandatory design steps of the selected component with default values This option is only available if the selected component has a next design step that has never been completed or has been removed amp previously Otherwise it s grayed out e You may use this option as soon as the main dimensions and interfaces 40 of a component are defined to get to a preliminary automatic design within seconds You can change all design parameters according to your requirements later on The automatic design may fail or lead to unsatisfactory results if global project settings and or previously completed design steps are unsound In this case you will be informed about the issue via warnings in the message panel 58 or a message box Update Warnings After any design modification all dependent design steps are updated automatically In special cases some properties of dependent design steps have to be changed automatically to consider design limitations or to avoid geometrical conflicts In these cases a message box
17. e Attention If Error Bad argument type FILE nil occurs as error message it can be bypassed by typing the filename in the open file dialog manually instead of selecting the file by mouse click File Edit View DR Insert 0 AutoCAD Classic M Format Tools Draw Dimension Workspaces Palettes Toolbars Command Line Clean Screen Spelling Quick Select Draw Order Isolate Inquiry Update Fields Block Editor Xref and Block In place Editing Data Extraction Data Links Action Recorder Load Application Run Script Macro AutoLISP Display Image New UCS Named UCS Geographic Location CAD Standards Wizards y Drafting Settings amp Group Ungroup Tablet Customize Options rawingl d Modify El Parametric Window Help Ctrl 9 Ctrl 0 O ByLayer T Il ByLayer y ByLayer a Ho P amp oo R T amp 200 tBGn4t9BIO O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 103 S AutoCAD Classic M D Type a keyword or phra 8 d D d Pa do p BOCA C3 e H GO amp 9 X I ff B r cs co 39 Qs Ca I8 EB E 930104 Standard se AutoCAD Classic ie Bsa dnm zi 1 ByLayer ByColor A Esai E 31 4 e lA Load Unload Applications 1 eS gt m A me Suchen in CFturbo 9 02e fr TOP Oo i E p N
18. 141 43 100 Hub Middle Shroud Debug Design Mode There are two different options to define hub and shroud contours 4 Hub Shroud Direct design of the two contours Middle Design of center line the contours result from given cross section distribution between suction dS and outlet d2 cross sections Hub Shroud In the first case hub and shroud can be designed separately or in coupled mode If the Hub Shroud Coupled check box is checked hub and shroud will be modified simultaneously considering the same relative positions of the Bezier points Middle CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 270 CFturbo 10 In the second case only the geometric center line of the flow channel will be modified The contours result from specifying a relative cross section distribution lt may either be linear or could be loaded from a file using the Progression dialog 441 The first value of each line is the relative meridional coordinate x along the center line with x 0 at the inlet cross section and x 1 at the outlet cross section The second value is the relative cross section Aep Which allows to compute the related absolute value A Ain Arey Asa Ai The cross section is used to determine the meridional width b vertical to the flow direction This strategy is mainly suitable for mixed flow impellers it s suboptimal for radial impellers with relative sharp direction change from axial to radial Trailing edge fixed on
19. CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 371 Segment 7 e Other 8 Q Extension V Segment TF Blade O Grid Q A j single blade by i ine Offset curves around each blade profile Use rotated mean surface to both sides of the blade Around single blade middle of PS SS 9 Offset mm Use center between neighboring blade sides Ratio 5 Between neighboring blades ML to ML Use mean surface of neighboring blades Other Smooth inlet v Through flow area Transition from inlet side to the blade leading edge Flow domain inlet and outlet area B inlet side P distribution IV Blade projection n p 9 linear Blade tip projection to casing for unshrouded geometry and projection to RSI for extension quadratic Shroud 90 Y RSI Connection root Simple connection to the rotor stator interface Reference designs Visible x Configure Y OK Cancel Help 8 5 2 1 Segment Impeller CFD Setup Miscellaneous Segment The segment is the flow passage around a single blade and represents the smallest rotation symmetric part of the impeller O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 372 CFturbo 10 V Segment Around single blade by rotated mean line Use rotated mean surface to both sides of the blade C Around single blade middle of PS SS Use center between neighboring blade sides C Between neighboring blades ML to ML
20. File C NTestingNPumpl 9 1 cft geo successfully exported EZ ES LOFIA NEO Joe aeti rouno Lor iteiMeies SI 29 10 2 0115 16229243 MONTO No working directory set using default C Testing 29 1052015 16229345 Run trimming AJA ZOL 16229347 Run fillet creation 294309 423 5 1033054 Saving export files successful export log 29102013 1523084 Updated 3D data 29 10 2013 1830228 NO Setting model state Solids only 29 104203 9 15830948 NEO 29 119 203 9 162302948 File C NTestingNMPumpl 9 1 stp successfully exported 29 10 2013 1689302429 PUNO Seve output Files eg resti Xpump1_mod cft 29102013 103 30 8 4 kK Z9 NOs AOS 3 8 310 84 Batch mode terminated 01 08 160 min O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 2 3 Project structure and interfaces A CFturbo project describes a complete single stage machine or a single stage of a multi stage machine Flow conducting parts of the machine can be designed by CFturbo Project types The follwing project machine types are available e Pump Ventilator e Compressor e Turbine Project structure A project consists of the global parts e Project information 771 e Global setup 7 e Performance prediction 7 e Explesiort 63 and the single component parts of the assembly The following components are available e 1 or 2 Impellers on any position 1 Volute as last component a
21. Non dimensional length Wwe L34 a3 Ratio of length to throat width 3 433 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 9 5 9 6 9 7 Stator 397 Throat aspect ratio b3 a3 Ratio of inlet width to throat width ba 0 8 2 Kinetic energy of diffuser outlet to E Outlet rel kin energy minimize losses in the overflow 0 02 0 04 channels of multistage machines 28Hopr Ratio of outlet velocity to inlet Velocity ratio c4 c1m velocity of downstream impeller of multistage machines for radial diffusers of pumps only Blade profiles Stator Blade profile a In principle the same features are available as for the blade profiles ss of impellers For the special radial diffuser blade shapes Log Spiral Straight 2D and Circular Free form 2D the blade thickness is added to one side of the mean line only see Mean linel sea For radial diffusers the same informational values as in the mean line designI ss are displayed in the Info area The reason is the influence of the blade thickness to these numbers Blade edges Stator Blade edges c In principle the same features are available as for the blade edges 4 of impellers CFD Setup In principle the same features are available as for the CFD setuplsss of impellers O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 398 CFturbo 10 9 8 Model settings Stator Model settings n In principle the same features are available as
22. are coupled to the corresponding interface values 408 for turbines dout and bout has to be set by the user Information Various calculated values are shown for information purposes on the right side Values Calculated internal flow rate Q Q Fo Q ny Inlet Outlet diameter ratio Inlet Outlet width ratio Inlet Outlet meridional velocity CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 10 1 2 Inlet details On page Inlet details the details of the inlet interface can be specified Details see Interface Definition 38 Setup amp Inlet O setup 2 t Information Coupling to a Values Meridian ee Outlet L Not existing 4 Design point Inlet interface Volume flow a 3 6 mh Hub zp 5 mm r 0 mm Rotational speed n 3000 min Mass flow m 0 9982 kg s Shroud zp3 5 mm rB0 mm Head H A y Power output PQ 0 031335 kW Inlet Additional casing efficiency nc 1 00 Center line 7 Hub Shroud E nq 39651 Offset Az o mm Ar 1 5 mm Absolute zo mm r 31 5 mm Stand alone volutes For stand alone volutes you have to define the inlet interface first z and r at hub and shroud side instead of specifying d and b values at page Setupl oh By using the button you can transfer this interface definition to the geometry On the right side on page Meridian you should see the desired inlet geometry now O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 406 CFturbo 10 10 2 Diamet
23. suction diameter d impeller diameter d outlet width b can be seen on Main dimensions panel They can be recomputed by pressing the Calculate button The computation is based on Euler s Equation of Turbomachinery on the continuity equation and the relations for the velocity triangles as well as on the parameters and parameter ratios given in the tab sheets Setup and Parameters You may accept the proposed values or you can modify them slightly e g to meet a certain normalized diameter In case the checkbox Automatic is activated a new calculation will accomplished after any change of parameter Then the manual alteration of the main dimensions is not possible Regarding the impeller size one should try to attain d values as low as possible But there is a limit for a specified task lower impeller diameters are leading to higher blade loading up to blade angles B which may not be suitable anymore O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 202 CFturbo 10 Main dimension Information Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles tom jn Shaft 121 EL Allowable stress T 15 MPa t Factor of safety SF 1 15 E Min shaft diameter d 44 5 mm gt Main dimensions Hub diameter dH El mm Automatic EE calculate Suction diameter dS 188 mm impeller diameter d2 pee mm Outlet width b2 40 mm Specific diameter 8 y 4 p 1 05 d Y Q Ns 500 1000
24. 0 0 0 0 517 48 9 613 38 9 51 7 617 613 62 66 284 94 458 83 8 56 6 1122 60 1 1 18 1 09 14 1 06 222 225 1 Velocity triangles The velocity triangles of inflow and outflow are displayed Continuous lines represent flow velocities on hub blue and shroud green Velocities directly before and behind blade area are displayed by dashed lines to show the influence of blockage in the flow domain Furthermore the blade angles are displayed by thick lines in order to see the incidence angle on the leading edge and the flow deviation caused by slip velocity on trailing edge 2 Values Numerical values of velocity components and flow angles are displayed in a table A short description is at mouse cursor too d Diameter Angle of absolute flow to circumferential direction Angle of relative flow to circumferential direction u Circumferential velocity Cm Meridional velocity c w Ca Axial component of absolute velocity C Radial component of absolute velocity C Circumferential component of absolute velocity C Absolute velocity w Circumferential component of relative velocity w C w Relative velocity T Obstruction by blades see below i Incidence angle i amp 4 Deviation angle p gt w Deceleration ratio of relative velocity w w w CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 2 3 Default BB mean line design only aaa AP Default blade angles for the optimal Free form 3D bla
25. 0 0625 0 0625 0 125 0 25 0 5 0 0625 0 125 Outlet extension is recommended due to high mesh quality near the trailing edge Cell size at the interface between neighboring components should be similar e Surfaces can be described in TurboGrid by two different options Ruled linear or B Spline More than 4 sections could result in an oscillating surface if the curves are not located exactly on the surface To avoid the problem you should select the Surface Type Ruled under Blade Set in the TurboGrid object tree O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH File Edit Session Insert Display Tools Help Q6 HS as 7s ABER 4 E Geometry E E Y Machine Data V JB Hub V E shroud 4 Blade Set gt F Main blade E Hub Tip E Shroud Tip 7 Low Periodic 7 Qi High Periodic 7 RB inlet V f Outlet v Qt Outine D Eh Topology Set Suspended b A Mesh Data Parent suspended 4 Layers x Details of Blade Set Blade Transform Coordinate System and Blade File Definition File Name profile curve B m Leading Edge Definition Trailing Edge Definition El 7 Cut off or square Line of rotation on hub and shroud Total Nodes 0 Total Elements 0 For open impellers and stators a small region between leading trailing edge and meridional inlet O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Dom CFturbo 10 outlet
26. 227 235 240 243 main window 57 Manual 434 Material 179 Max curvature 274 276 Mean line 319 Mechanical efficiency 145 merdional velocity 288 meridinal deceleration 243 Meridional 319 meridional boundaries 337 344 Meridional contour 268 Meridional deceleration 145 194 229 Meridional extension 323 332 Meridional flow coefficient 215 Messages 139 466 CFturbo 10 Middle of PS SS 371 Minimal relative velocity 194 Mixed flow impeller 229 mixed flow rotor 243 247 MLtoML 371 Model settings 445 Model state 179 Model finishing 378 Model settings 376 modules 15 Mouse 172 N NACA 364 Navigation 61 neck 416 network 15 New design 67 NPSH 194 number of blades 145 387 Number of revolutions 193 228 Numeca 128 NX 94 O Obstruction 292 O Grid 375 Open 69 Optimal 292 Optimimization 26 Options 155 Other 155 outer 424 Outflow coefficient 316 318 Outlet 283 376 Outlet triangle 310 313 Outlet width 201 235 Outlet width ratio 194 229 Output 26 P Parallel to z 274 276 284 Parameter 26 47 145 Parameters 85 Parametric model 143 permission 24 permissions 24 PFLEIDERER 292 317 417 420 Physical variable 145 point based export 376 Points 145 179 Pointwise 97 polyline 46 279 343 Position 434 potential flow 288 Powerloss 194 229 Power output 193 228 Preferences 155 161 Pressure coefficient 194 229 Pressure difference 193 228
27. 3 253 212 cr 43 38 08 37 Middle amd 515 203 cax 34 0 9 5 1 4 e 1 c 53 12 9 54 122 m wu 83 13 4 175 158 Shroud 6 162 18 4 w 98 13 9 18 3 16 2 T 1 21 1 08 1 16 1 08 110 0 6 8 0 44 w2 w1 1 42 0 89 v OK X cunei 2 Help Later designed mean lines depend on the number and the meridional position of profile sections as well as the blade angles Blade angles Bj and fp are calculated from the velocity triangles whereby the blade blockage of the flow channel and the slip velocity is considered The degree of freedom when designing the blades depends on the selected blade shape Referring to the blade angles this means that they are marked as auto and are result of the Mean linel 14 calculation Distribution from hub to shroud The blade angles are calculated for hub and shroud On panel Distribution from hub to shroud you can define how the blade angles of the inner sections are defined Blade angles B Specifying number of blade profile sections for further blade design using the vertical track bar Calculation of blade angles using values from Blade setupl 2s by pressing button Calculate B Manual adaptation of calculated blade angles if required O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 309 Calculation or input of blade angles can be executed for 2 up to 11 blade profiles Further blade design is realized according to the defined blade profile number All meridional lines which
28. EL ct XML format file File is created for e data _ whole project XML file containing results of Performance prediction 7 Batch mode cft batch XML format file template File is created for It contains all changeable values with a short description and whole project sample actions see Batch model 281 dxf neutral format V IMC Drawing Interchange File Format File contains designed geometry of the selected component as 3D polylines IGES neutral format Components and Initial Graphics Exchange Specification elements are CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH NUS CFturbo 10 File contains designed geometry as 3D surfaces Visible 3D view is the basis STEP stp neutral format Standard for the Exchange of Product model data File contains designed geometry as 3D surfaces Visible 3D view is the basis Also the names displayed in the model tree are exported Solid vs Solid faces They are handled differently by various target systems In case of import problems it is advisable to try the other variant as well For STAR CCM it is better to export solids instead of solid faces selected in 3D view For SOLIDWORKS try with and without STEP import option B REP mapping STL neutral format Standard Triangulation Language File contains designed geometry as triangulated 3D surfaces Some parameters 10 can be adapted Visible 3D view is the basis BREP native format of Open CASCADE based
29. Pressure side 310 Primary side 40 Print 483 173 prism_params 131 Pro ENGINEER 94 109 problem 24 problems 24 183 374 Profile 337 364 Progression 46 Progressions diagrams 268 Project information 71 Project structure 38 Project types 38 Projection 376 Pump 9 PumpLinx 97 R Radial 428 Radial 2D 364 Radial blade 306 Radial blade fibre 306 Radial blade section 306 Radial diffusor 400 Radial element blade 306 323 332 Radial impeller 229 Radial rotor 243 247 Radius 280 412 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH RDP 12 recovery 51 Rectangle 406 411 428 Reference 135 References 449 Register 12 Remote 12 Remove design steps 143 request 15 Required driving power 194 229 Resolution 173 rights 24 Rotated mean line 371 rotational speed 242 rotor power 242 Rotor Stator Interface 40 RSI 444 RSI Connection 374 Ruled surface blade 304 O Save 43 69 173 Secondary side 40 segment 161 371 374 send E mail 15 server 24 session code 15 Settings 376 Shaded 179 shaft 267 shaft diameter 201 235 267 Shaft hub 247 Sharp 434 Shroud 268 274 276 Shroud angle 194 shroud diameter 247 SI 158 Side friction efficiency 145 Simple 327 344 Simple mode 268 280 Single blade 179 Single passage 371 single flow 242 Single intake 193 228 single stage 193 228 242 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Index Slip 292 313 Slip velocity
30. Project Project information 7h Global setup 7 Performance prediction 7 gt Export 83 Import 3D geometry 55 Reference components h Show Hide messages 33 3 Undol 138 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 2 1 1 Project information 2 Project Project Project Information ES For identification of the project can be specified Project name Classification e g version or sub name User name Comments This information is not mandatory and should support the identification of CFturbo projects amp sessions The working directory the creation date and the date of last modification are displayed too Project information ES Project type P Pump Directory C Program Files CFturbo 10 Examples Pump Radial Mixed flow Creation date 01 05 2002 Last modification 23 01 2014 Name Classification Employee Comment CFturbo default example Y OK Xcancei 2 Hep 6 2 1 2 Global setup Project Project Global setup f Here the global project settings are defined valid for all components O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Depending on the project type different input parameters are required see below As examples you see the Global setup dialog for pumps below for compressors on the right side Global setup Pump Design point Flow rate af meh po m Head Revolutions n t770 Imin Fluid Name Wate
31. Us Shroud fi D by Swirl energy Y OK Cancel P Help e for compressors mass flow m or volume flow Q referring to total state on suction side e for turbines mass flow m 2 Energy transmission for ventilators total pressure difference Ap for pumps head H or total pressure difference Ap e for compressors total pressure ratio or total pressure difference Ap or specific work Y Ts 3 Number of revolutions n for turbines total pressure ratio or actual power output P or total to static pressure ratio CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Fluid Gas Here the fluid has to be defined One has to select one of the predefined fluids The list of existing fluids can be modified in the Fluid manager For compressors and turbines the gas model has to be specified additionally Perfect Redlich Kwong Aungier Redlich Kwong Soave Redlich Kwong Peng Robinson Inlet conditions Boundary conditions for compressors and turbines only Here you have to define the total state on suction side by total pressure p and total temperature T For radial inflow turbines the static pressure at the suction flange pressure in the connection flange of the work piece attached to the turbine at the outlet has to be specified instead of the total pressure at inlet Optional Here some optional parameters can be defined Their default values remain unchanged normally e Direction of impeller rota
32. Velocity triangles i absolute c relative w velocity mid span 27 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 8 1 2 Axial Pump Ventilator 2 Impeller Main dimensions e Impeller 207 The Main Dimensions menu item is used to define main dimensions of the axial impeller Main Dimensions are forming the most important basis for all following design steps n The real flow in an impeller is turbulent and three dimensional Secondary flows separation and reattachment in boundary layers cavitation transient recirculation areas and other features may occur Nevertheless it is useful and it is common practice in the pump design theory to simplify the realistic flow applying representative streamlines for the first design approach Employing 1D streamline theory the following cross sections are significant in particular suction area index S just before leading edge index 0 at the beginning index 1 and at the end of the blade index 2 behind the trailing edge index 3 and at the outlet index 4 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Details gt Setup 23 Pump Parameters 210 gt Ventilator Parameters a gt Dimensions 22 208 CFturbo 10 8 1 2 1 Setup On page Setup you can specify some basic settings Main Dimensions Parameters Dimensions Information General Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles eL Manual dim
33. applications Boundary Representation File contains designed geometry as 3D surfaces Visible 3D view is the basis Tetrahedral 3 alternative file formats are available volume Fluent Netgen OpenFOAM mesh File contains designed geometry as tetrahedral volume mesh for simulation File format and mesh resolution can be specified with Set parameters 6 2 1 4 2 CAD Project Export CAD p The CAD group contains the supported CAD product interfaces O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Interfaces Basic G CAD A AutoCAD RA BladeGen S cara Im Creo Parametric Ya Inventor Fa fa fo g Export preconditions The export availability of CAD interfaces depends on component type and design progress Component type Export available from design step Stator without blades Meridional contour The interfaces AutoCAD CATIA Inventor and SOLIDWORKS support multi component export I Impeller S Stator V Volute MC Multi Component export supported mucan fot Nason s v we Lisp script xyz2spline part of CFturbo creates splines from imported points e Select AutoCAD Classic Workspace e Load xyz2spline Isp under Manage Load Application e Run command xyz2spline and select txt file EE es men O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH NES CFturbo 10 e select rtzt file Feats vest van nn The file contains complete 3D impeller geometry point by point e File Open select
34. be set in the panel Parameter see table below second column Settings Energy and flow rate variables plus Coefficients influencing the Additional curves with different flow rate limits reset default flow decreased power cl and the speeds and diameter plus hydraulic as well as turbulent system characteristic rate with e losses G ct O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH s CFturbo 10 Settings Settings Settings Variables Parameters Additional curves Variables Parameters Additional curves Variables Parameters Ad tional curves Decreased output Performance map x Mass flow M d Slip Revolutions minyDiameter mm i Radial Impeller gt Ee v 2340 220 y Stage efficiency Y EE vi 2580 220 Alignment of af rm Flow rate rel to design point decreased na e output line Intersection Parallel P fs 4 at zero p to Euler Speed diameter nD p correction Diameter mH ps ma n exponents Loss coefficients Misc hydraulic turbulent Eg Calculate E ct Radial Impeller gt 0 36028 System Characteristic lt Volute gt 0 57923 0 27479 Calculate amp v Parameter j Weight Zw p cw jo Hydraulic resistance Static part Ratio yea The two quadratic approaches towards the description of the hydraulic as well as shock losses i e turbulent losses tend to generate char
35. blade loading Unusual high blade angles at trailing edge The blades are forward curved Usage of CFturbo is limited to blade angles between 0 and 180 Blade angle calculation failed The slip calculation results in a value higher than 90 which is unrealistic high O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 315 cross section Decrease impeller diameter d or outlet width b Main dimensions 1 01 Possible solutions could be increase the impeller diameter Main dimensions 190 increase the number of blades increase meridional blade length Meridional contour 2sa select a different slip model Increase impeller diameter d or outlet width b Main dimensions 199 and or the slip coefficient Blade angle calculation is impossible see below or adjust unsuitable user input for blade angles Try to increase the impeller diameter d or outlet width b and or the slip coefficient Possible solutions could be increase the impeller diameter Main dimensions s increase the number of blades increase meridional blade length Meridional contour zeal select a different slip model ose CFturbo 10 8 3 1 2 2 1 Slip coefficient by AUNGIER Outflow slip coefficient y is defined for the decreased energy transmission Cuzoo Cu2 u yel The c difference is called slip velocity The smaller the outflow coefficient the higher the deviation of flow compared to the direction
36. freedom from defects of title integration or usability for specific purposes unless they are legally prescribed and cannot be restricted O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 2 Defects in the ceded software including the user manuals and other documents must be remedied by the Licensor within an appropriate period of time following the corresponding notification of the defect by the User The defect is remedied by free of charge improvements or a replacement delivery at the discretion of the Licensor 8 For the purposes of testing for and remedying defects the User permits the Licensor to access the Software via telecommunications The connections necessary for this are established by the User according to the instructions of the Licensor 4 A right of cancellation of the User due to the non granting of use according to 543 para 2 clause 1 no 1 of the Civil Code is excluded insofar as the improvement or replacement delivery is not to be regarded as having failed Failure of the improvement or replacement delivery is only to be assumed if the Licensor was given sufficient opportunity to make the improvement or replacement delivery b Furthermore the statutory regulations also apply 9 Liability 1 The claims of the User for compensation or replacement of futile expenditure conform without regard to the legal nature of the claim to the existing clause 2 In the Software it is a question of a design procedure It
37. 173 6 2 1 6 Reference components Project Project Reference components es This functionality can be used for simultaneous display of various designs to compare each other and O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 13 CFturbo 10 for purposeful modification Reference components Components Gk Add C Remove Options Component Position Type for selected components MP nq94 coolant cft Color W 06 08 2015 E Light blue y 1 Stator Line width tator Tail 3 Pixel 5 impeller 3 Radial Impeller L Ec Stator 5 Stator MP nq94 coolant generic cft 2 06 08 2015 Y G Impeller 1 Radial Impeller 7 Diffuser 2 Stator V lt gt Vaned stator 3 Stator Y Cis v lt gt Stator 4 Stator Help Using the Add button any reference project CFT file can be added All components of the reference project are grouped under the selected file name Each component has its own color and line width panel Options Multiple components can be selected using lt Shift gt and lt Ctrl gt keys Clicking on the group header area selects all components of the corresponding project lt Ctrl gt lt A gt selects all components With the Remove button the selected reference project with all its components can be deleted from the list However single reference components may be deactivated by the check box at the beginning of the line Display in dialogs Reference geom
38. 2 If the check box Use is set d calculation is done on the basis of Ah Ah Otherwise Ah the isentropic specific enthalpy is used dimensionless mass flow Flow coefficient q in accordance to Cordier Diagramm 257 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 245 m Coefficient of a flow force pointing in tangential direction Tangential force coefficient 3 4 Francis high speed turbine _ 4 8 Normal speed turbine im W O 8 10 Low speed turbine Ratio of work to the square of the meridional speed Coefficient ratio 6 10 Francis high speed turbine 10 12 Normal speed turbine c W o 2 ico om 12 30 Low speed turbine Between the work coefficient y the relative flow angle B and the tangential force coefficient y ini there is the following relation 1 ue At a relative flow angle of B 90 the work coefficient becomes y 2 In this case the work coefficient should not be chosen as a design parameter in the tab sheet Parameters Otherwise one has no influence on the meridional flow coefficient and therefore meridional flow see last equation For all further geometric variables guess values have to be given Diameter ratio d d Meridional acceleration Coral Cony 1 005 1 05 Meridional acceleration Suction side c JC 1 005 1 05 or Diameter ratio d d Diameter ratio A dg There are three specification modes of the diameter ratio d d
39. 2 1 2 2 Install license file The license file you receive must be stored in the license server installation directory e g C Program Files x86 CFturbo 10 LicenseServer you have chosen during the setup It already has ic as file extension this extension must be preserved There should be only one license file lic present in this directory After placing the file in the folder restart the Windows service Reprise LM for CFturbo Now the logfile and the web server page can be checked for the licenses to be running Firewall configuration If you want to serve licenses across a firewall at least two port numbers have to be allowed your firewall to pass requests on these ports The rlm server itself if not configured in license file on the SERVER or HOST line defaults to port 5053 The ISV server starts with a dynamic port number which is not known before startup time It is possible to have RLM assign a fixed port number to the ISV server In order to do this you need to specify the port number for the ISV server on the ISV line of the license file The port number is the fourth parameter in the isv line ISV ismame isv binary pathname port port number e g ISV cfturbo cfturbolm exe port 5054 Except the web server port all ports have to be reachable For details about the license file settings see RepriseLM end user manual Additional configuration options For additional configuration options check the RepriseLM en
40. 3 months prior to the expiration or the User may demand after the first twelve months a continuation of the maintenance contract by a further 12 months respectively up to the date of the expiration of the contract The demand must be made in writing 4 Cooperation Obligations 1 In the transcription containment determination and reporting of defects the customer must follow the instructions issued by the Licensor 2 The customer must specify its defect reports and questions as accurately as possible In doing so he must also make use of competent employees 3 During the necessary test runs the customer is personally present or seconds competent employees for this purpose who are authorized to pronounce and decide on defects functional expansions functional cutbacks and modifications to the program structure If necessary other work involving the computer system must be discontinued during the time of the maintenance work 4 The customer grants the Licensor access to the Software via telecommunications The connections necessary for this are established by the customer according to the instructions of the Licensor 5 Liability 1 The Licensor is liable only for deliberate malfeasance and gross negligence and also that of his legal representatives and managerial staff For the fault of miscellaneous vicarious agents the liability is limited to five times the annual maintenance fee as well as to such damage the arisi
41. 5 Y Eo asa 4 Import Polyline gt import from fie C Adaten tmp Hub 2 Approximate Bezier curve Start Y xK X Cancel 7 Hep 8 2 1 2 Circular Arc Straight line First the desired polyline is imported via Import from file The imported curve is displayed red the original curve blue By pressing the Start button the position of the Bezier points is calculated in such a way that the imported poyline is replicated as exact as possible Hub and shroud are represented by the segment of a circle and a tangential straight line The radius of the segment is defined by Point 1 The points O and 2 are defining the axial position of the meridional contour O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller For an automatic primary design of the contours the following values are used Dimensions sot dy dg d b b Radius of the circle segment R 14 of d The manipulation of the contours can be achieved by shifting the positions of the points As an alternative the position of points can be realized by input of numerical values By moving points 0 or 2 the whole geometry can be moved in axial direction O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 282 CFturbo 10 b CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 263 8 2 1 3 Contour YN e Bezier curve Circular Arc Straight Line Straight Line Polyline EJ Save curve C
42. Basic Il Design report A General geometry txt lt gt General geometry xml Performance data v Batch mode template a xf DXF IGES STEP STL BREP amp Qj Quuu amp soe amp aes 8 C C3 C C Tetrahedral volume mesh CAD Export preconditions Export availability is independent of the design progress The formats IGES STEP STL and BREP export the geometry visible in the 3D model I Impeller S Stator V Volute MC Multi Component export supported Design html rtf design report report CSV txt Design information as text file Summary of most important design parameters O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH general text file Text file containing geometry data of the design for any further processing Impeller stator Meridional section z r of hub shroud leading edge Blade mean lines Blade profiles X y Z cartesian coordinates r radius t angle T tangential length m meridional radius based length m m meridional radius based length 0 1 M meridional absolute length M M meridional absolute length 0 1 blade angle S blade thickness L 3D length la lean angle Volute Spiral cross sections Diffuser cross sections X y Z cartesian coordinates Contour lines in circumferential direction X y cartesian coordinates general xml file hi sv we XML file containing geometry data of the design for any further processing
43. Bem Model Tree PRT0003 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT k PRT CSYS DEF Curve From File id 40 ZA of Revolve 1 Insert Here Annotate E Tp v Render Tools has Axis xx Point Z Coordinate System Datum 4 8 View 7 eR Revolve PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric Flexible Modeling Applications Draft y m Shell y 32 6 E E ac Lf Hole q Sweep Y d Swept Blend Y Chamfer Y Round Pattern Rib Shapes Engineering Y Editing Qa ela o c a Ee o Boundary Blend J Surfaces Y o B 3X po o Component Interface Model Intent Y Creating lofted surfaces Lofted surfaces are created from blade profiles and spiral section curves 1 Model Surface Boundary Blend O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 1 22 CFturbo 10 er d EDEB a File Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools x Point ae Plane Sketch xx Coordinate System View fi a Axis 7 eR Revolve EN Sweep Extrude P Swept Blend Shapes CEER PRT0001 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT k PRT CSYS DEF aN PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric Flexible Modeling a x po e Ao i Boundary Component Blend Interface Surfaces Y a Applications f Hole B Round Y Pattern Chamfer Rib Y Engineering Editing Model Intent Y C4 amp amp d 3 09 a Y AF Boundary Blend Define a boundar
44. CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH License for this interface not found Check the license information in Preferences Licensing 1481 No license available The corresponding module is not Only designs corresponding with licensed or CFturbo is running with a licensed modules or unmodified default examples using a trial license can be exported trial license Parts to be exported have to be visible in the 3D Model Imports can only be exported via the context menu of the 3D Model tree See message Make all parts to be exported visible in the component tree 73 Performance prediction not supported for axial turbine projects Performance prediction not supported for projects without any impellers Volutes without cut water are not supported CFturbo2ICEM does not support volutes without cut water Invalid viscosity value See message Set a valid viscosity value in fluid manager Real gas properties will be ignored by default You have to configure the rgp file manually if required Parts of an inactive component are visible in the 3D Model They will not be exported See message Make all visible parts for inactive components invisible in the component treel 1731 O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 2 CFturbo 10 6 2 1 4 1 Basic Project Export Basic p Under Basic the basic export interfaces are grouped which are available independently of the component type Interfaces E
45. Dimensions the following variables are displayed for Information Work coefficient Flow coefficient O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH NEON CFturbo 10 Meridional flow coefficient 1 Ah Diameter coefficient 8 1 054 dg tts Qu Inlet pressure density and temperature Po Ty p Pi Tep 4 static and total values Inlet velocities Cup Cg i A A bd i NE Outlet pressure density and temperature Po To gt Pro hs 19 static and total values Outlet velocities Co Cio Cmo The Meridional preview is based on the main dimensions designed until this point O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH Impeller 265 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles Schematic sketch for illustration only JV Automatic fit view r mm eee 87 z mm 05 05 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 The Cordier diagram is based on an intensive empirical analysis of proved turbomachinery using extensive experimental data O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 266 CFturbo 10 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles T T T T 500 1000 2000 3000 5000 10000 10 20 30 50 100 200 300 n ants da detente n Kaplan Francis Turbine Tabie Specific diameter 5 y 1 05 d via The Velocity triangles are the result of a mid span calculation and are based on the design point 71 and the main dimensions O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH
46. Hub contour and that moves the blade geometry along with it Design configurations where the Blade exceeds the meridional boundary have to be corrected by adjusting the blade position in order to finish this design step successfully Al Bl Blade Sweep og A n Informational values x Additional Views v radial coordinate e 170 mm Sweep correction Sweep mode ut 0 97 Axial z Tangential t 1 a d Sweep A Dihedral v 3D Preview x m X amp Profile stack mode D O Stack on leading edge O Stack on centroids J O Stack on trailing edge 70 pec Reset sweep curve 50 z mm axial coordinat 15 55 86 8 135 8 139 1192 211 5 100 Stack curve ug Blade extent radial coordinate radial coordinate Rt mmp H x A EE Ez Es lt 33 5 67 mm Acoustic Benefit x jr Imm 150 130 110 90 i Reference components I x Configure 70 ADw dB T v Ok X Cancel 7 Hep 100 108 0 157 4 100 96 ad 2 D The following information can be displayed using the Additional views button Informational values The sweep correction factor u representing the efficiency loss by sweeping see Kinematics ss e 3D Preview The final result of the sweep design process the swept 3D blade shape Acoustic benefit compared to the unswept blade design Sweep mode The Sweep mode controls which of the 2D Sweep projections define the blade sw
47. It contains losses due to the flow through the gap between blade tips and housing from the pressure to the suction side of the blades The flow losses mainly depend on the tip clearance distance x and decrease with rising number of blades and rising blade outlet angle P nr 71 f A natio La f na A aic A natio X1 b2 The side friction efficiency contains losses caused by rotation of fluid between hub shroud and housing P 0 5 0 985 f r n lt 40 Is P 0 985 0 995 f r n gt 40 The mechanical efficiency mainly includes the friction losses in bearings and seals ng 1 Pm 0 95 0 995 P rising with impeller size Hydraulic and volumetric efficiency as well as the tip clearance efficiency are most important for the impeller dimensioning because of their influence to Y and or a Mechanical and side friction efficiency are affecting only the required driving power of the machine Information In the right area of the register Parameter you can find again some calculated values for information Required driving power P Po Po P 1 ns L Impeller efficiency Nim NhNvNsNT Power loss Stage efficiency incl motor CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 201 8 1 1 3 Dimensions On page Dimensions panel Shaft hub the required shaft diameter is computed and the hub diameter is determined by the user Shaft Hubl 2s The main dimensions of a designed impeller
48. MEET eec we g Clevo 201 Axial Pump Ventilator oos cadetis cus ut a ia tt tac dara aed aden dcr uec La Deu dcs dut 207 EI beer 208 Parameters Pump ie e ente RE RE er Pan dup auis 210 fe Bor iE A ada EERE 215 Parameters Ventilator oec tes lene taney b EE REP LEX Lr PUR bub erra ER 217 DIMENSIONS ii TU ED ers vole da PPP ra Tues Pu RA DV Deu 221 ee AMAR PCR 227 O 228 PAM Sia IA dd 229 DIMENSIONS cs 235 Radial inflow Turbine tratara a AR o CR 240 O eedug ine diodes duvteg ine Deva bddvedug ioe levvivaeverudinel levee 242 Parameters a di aa dada 243 DIMENSIONS HEAR Ao 247 UII A O A bitin once a one 254 O O 256 Parameters iret are cep t CREER or EE EIRES CK RR TERR EET ERR RARE ER A ee REV DER GET 258 DIMENSIONS tree tech Av tisk re ober rete voor Pec ra ae on Pri les vae Pe a ev a 261 A ca oe cecus NA 267 2 Meridional CcontoUrE o eem A Nro 268 H b Shroud COntOUT MNT ETE Beziet ccn ane th a er b t eate ed rm bu Dea da sa Ele edu Eo aut QR a Pa da Converting Polyline Bezier essem Circular Arc Straight line iiec oti iioii ti htt Een Red HER ita Seu tae eos Leading Trailing edge contour Additional views 3 Mean line design cccccccc cece erneer trennt ce eeeeeeee ae eeeeaeeesaeeeeaeeeseeeeesaeeeeeeesaeeeeaeeeeaeeees A E Blade Setup ient et eet ete eee tela eet oet puellae Pete Pe tette add Ruled Surface blade ooccooccoccc
49. PETE tiem esis Stator Radial Ventilator Impeller Volute Radial Compressor Impeller ICEM CFD Interface Radial Turbine Rotor Company CFturbo Software and Engineering GmbH Start date 17 12 2013 Ey Checksum 790954149 Machine ID CFIDNET 1a85cd c9c982f96d2b3b089daf445ef Ga Concurrent users 1 License request B Send E Mail E Copy to Clipboard Please note All fields must be completed for the license request y p ight 6 2013 X Close Help 4 CFturbo Under Modules the CFturbo modules must get selected for which a license should be requested Fill the Company field with the requesting company s name The Start date of the requested license can be selected for e g sync a short time period license to a project s start date The so called Machine ID and the Checksum are calculated automatically and ensure the singular usage of provided license information as well as to link the license to the network server The Concurrent users setting enables you to change to number of users you request the license for After input of all necessary information you can use the Send E Mail button to prepare a message with the computer s default mail client the mail will NOT be sent automatically OR use the Copy to Clipboard button if you want to create the mail manually and paste the information send the mail to sales cfturbo com O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 22 CFturbo 10
50. Radial pump stage cft Pump CFturbo E PROJECT STATOR PREFERENCES HELP Selected Stator a A v m Pt 3 4 Main Meridional CFD Model del Return channel dimensions contour prc s setup settings finishing Selection Meridian Jl Additional VOLUTE 400 ES la z Volute1 cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 o FL e PROJECT VOLUTE PREFERENCES HELP e acaej v S a Setup Cross Spiral Diffuser Cut CFD Model Inlet section areas water Setup settings Design steps Additional J Menu items and buttons only become active in accordance to the current design state Each finished design steps can be opened again whereas all depending design steps and components are updated automatically Manual removing of complete component s design steps is possible in order to continue with CFturbo initial design see Remove design steps 43 For designing the complete geometry of a single component you have to run through all items of the appropriate menu step by step Alternatively all these menu items can be selected in the Meridian view using the toolbar directly on the selected component see Meridian tes O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 4 PREFERENCES This menu is used for specifying some general program settings E PREFERENCES HELP Y ug Pale x Licensing Approximation Fluids Profiles General Units Impeller functions Stator Licensing Database Settings
51. Software amp Engineering GmbH Through Points C Integrate selected item via Drag and Drop in a menu or toolbar The macro generates a surface model generating splines e Tools Macro Run select swb SOLIDWORKS sb Version 2014 6 2 1 4 3 CFD 2 Project Export CFD p The CFD group contains the supported CFD product interfaces Interfaces Basic CAD S CFD ANSA ANSA O Y AutoGrid ih A ICEM CFD i Y IGG 9 Pointwise amp PumpLinx i amp SimericsMP fh EL STAR CCM DO 639 TurboGrid fh C12 TurbomachineyCFD M e Vista TF DO Export preconditions The export availability of CFD interfaces depends on component type and design progress O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH NES CFturbo 10 Component type Export available from design step Impeller stator with blades Blade edges Stator without blades Meridional contour Volute Diffuser geometry The interfaces ANSA AutoGrid ICEM CFD Pointwise PumpLinx and Simerics MP support multi component export I Impeller S Stator V Volute MC Multi Component export supported msa e TI aJs jue File Open e Select igs file hus aeneo mss sv ue e File New Project e Initialize a New Project from a geomTurbo File e Select geomTurbo file ICEM CFD tinXML stp Version 13 14 14 5 15 1 sv mel A STEP file with named geometries is created The names are visible in ICEM CFD if the file i
52. The Main Dimensions menu item is used to define main dimensions of the impeller Details by impeller type Pump Ventilator s Compressor 27 3 Turbinel 245 Possible warnings Main dimensions are updated automatically Therefore geometry modifications are possible To fix the main dimensions you could uncheck the Automatic calculation Then you have to manually start the calculation if required Main dimensions are updated automatically if any input parameters are modified Main dimensions are not updated automatically Therefore the design could be not up to date To be sure that all parameter modifications are considered you could switch to an automatic calculation by checking the Automatic option Main dimensions are not updated automatically if any input parameters are modified O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller om Potential min hub outlet diameter d b could Increase impeller diameter d or decrease be lower than inlet hub diameter d impeller width b or decrease hub diameter d Potential max shroud outlet diameter d b Increase impeller diameter d or decrease could be lower than inlet shroud diameter dg impeller width b or decrease shroud diameter Bes Specific speed of impeller is invalid The specific speed nq of the impeller is much Check design point 71 and power partitioning too low or too high between impellers The specific speed nq of the impeller
53. Use mean surface of neighboring blades Smooth inlet Transition from inlet side to the blade leading edge B inlet side B distribution 90 i 2 90 C C There are the following options for the design Around single blade by rotated mean line The blade mean surface is rotated to both sides to the middle of the flow channel Around single blade middle of PS SS The middle of blade pressure and suction side of two neighboring main blades forms the segment boundary This type should be used for thick asymmetric blades It ensures that the blades do not cut the periodic surfaces of the segment Between neighboring blades ML to ML The mean surfaces of two neighboring main blades form the segment boundary This type is currently not supported by Model finishing 278 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 373 Around single blade by rotated mean line With Smooth inlet a smooth transition from the impeller inlet to the blade area can be designed This surface is created by a virtual extension of the Blade mean linel s 5 from the blade leading edge which is the trailing edge in case of turbines to the Inlet 73 Outlet for turbines There are three types of distribution from the leading edge of the blade g1 to the Inlet 378 inte linear quadratic root The values of have been defined in the Blade properties sor At the Inlet s76 the distribution of the angle 44 is linear
54. With the help of the following parameters the inlet of the rotor can be calculated Mean inlet diameter 0 5 d d Isentropic velocity ratio p y Is uy D m n Ami T dl y 2Ah us J2 huis Outlet tip diameter d and via c C d Degree of reaction R R Ah Aha Tangential abs velocity component c Outlet tip diameter d and via c C d Inlet hub diameter di Diameter ratio d d The outlet section can be calculated with O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 260 CFturbo 10 0 9 1 1 Meridional velocity ratio 7 a Eu Ora const hub dos d strictly axial dj d and ds dg const mid dus din const shroud ds da Efficiency In the group Efficiency the following efficiencies need to be given Design relevant e Rotor efficiency total static ts Information only e Mechanical efficiency Internal and mechanical efficiency form the overall efficiency coupling efficiency Po Po isentropic Rotor power Nist P Nt Nm Q Py Power output coupling driving power The rotor efficiency or blade efficiency describes the energy losses within the turbine caused by friction and vorticity Friction losses mainly originate from shear stresses in boundary layers Vorticity losses are caused by turbulence and on the other hand by changes of flow cross section and flow direction which may lead to secondary flow flow separation wake behi
55. a swirl a dead water zone is built at small radii Strscheletzky and Marcinowski stated that the diameter of such a dead water zone should be smaller than the hub diameter of an impeller From this they derived the following criteria for single stage machines and for multi stage machines O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller s From boundary layer analysis the diffusion number applied for profiles with a maximum thickness of 1096 was derived DES 1 2 1 1 Aw wj 21 w 1 Special NACA measurements yield a scope to be fulfilled of DF lt 0 6 8 4 1 3 1 Blade element momentum method This method makes use of the behavior of a single airfoil in an infinite room e the airfoil is not influenced by other airfoils This is true if the solidity s l is smaller than one The design described here is based on the relation between aerodynamic or hydrodynamic profile data and design parameter cast into the Euler equation The circumferential force F based on the profile properties reads as F sin B 8 F 2 Ww sin B 8 c prb Witt ES whereas if it is derived from the force balance it reads as F m c Cy2 Y u By equalizing both force descriptions one gets the following equation which co relates the profile properties lift coefficient c and solidity 1 t with the design point data Y n m 2 w Yim sin B 5 c c B L 2 t m u The meaning of the va
56. adapted Blade angle difference highest lowest value at Check the resulting blade shape and avoid high all spans exceeds the warning level The blade angle differences on spans if possible resulting blade could be highly twisted Blade angle difference highest lowest value at Decrease the blade angle differences on spans all spans exceeds the error level Blade design based on these extreme values makes no sense The overlapping of neighboring blades is too Modify the blade wrap angle and or the small too high number of blades see Blade angles s O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 323 Leading edge sweep angle tangential difference Increase the number of spans see Blade between hub and shroud meanline at LE is high angles son This curved shape requires a minimal number of spans to avoid abnormal or strange blade shape A warning level and an error level exist for this test r z coordinates at leading trailing edge of one or Check meridional contour blade shape and more mean lines do not correspond to their mean lines meridional positions 8 3 2 1 Freeform blades 2D blades Radial element blades Freeform blades have the highest flexibility the mean lines of all blade profile can be designed directly For 2D blades and radial element blades you can design the hub mean line only all other mean lines are calculated automatically due to the constraints of the blad
57. as well as configuring the bug report Finally the report will be sent to our web server encrypted Show bug report O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH View collected information that will be included in the bug report Continue application Default Continue working with CFturbo without sending the bug report n CFturbo exe An error occurred in the application Please send a bug report which helps us investigating and fixing the problem You can check the collected information with show bug report The report will be transferred encrypted to our webserver or attached to a new E mail in your default E mail dient if you have to send it manually x Send bug report 1 Show bug report Ez Continue application Send assistant The Send assistant will guide you sending the bug report In the first step you will be asked for your contact information so that the support team is able to contact you if additional information is needed or a solution for the problem is available Send Assistant Contact Information your name Sample User your email i sample user com v remember me Continue The second step asks you for the details of the situation the error occurred in Please note that it is extremely helpful if the error can be reproduced Here you also can choose if the currently loaded project should be attached to the bug report O CFturbo
58. b activating of CFD Extension in CFD setup Extension ses only for impellers Trimmed solid is required see Model finishing Up to date trimmed solids required Execute Model finishingl 58 with option Solid trimming O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Extended blade see Model finishing not supported See message Execute Model finishing 3 with option No model finishing or Solid trimming Model finishing is currently NOT up to date No model finishing is currently selected Solid trimming is recommended for surface solid export See message Execute Model finishing s 3 with option Solid trimming Trimmed solid incl features like fillets not supported by point based export formats Fillet Cut water is not supported by point based export formats Cutwater has to be designed manually in CAE Solid vs Solid faces They are handled differently by various target systems To be taken into account if a mixed selection of solids and solid faces was selected in the component treel 73 Export of Flow Domain might be defective The STEP export of Flow Select Spiral Surface instead in the Domain Solid or Flow Domain Solid component treel Faces Spiral might be defective if the spiral face spans a wrap angle of 360 This occurs for internal volutes AAA AAA S l Blades Complete blade edges design is required Blade edges design step not Execute Blade
59. content to the clipboard All marked rows are copied If nothing is marked then all content is copied Marking can be done by mouse lt Crtl gt lt A gt marks all Content will be pasted in MS Word Excel as table Expand all nodes O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Views 187 Collapse all nodes O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH Impeller 169 8 Impeller 2 Impeller This chapter describes in detail the design process for all impeller type i A components featured in CFturbo Ue NZ The content reflects the design steps in the sequence they are encountered during the design process Design steps gt Main dimensions 18 gt Meridional contourl 2s gt Blade properties 22 Blade mean lines s 5 Blade profiles 35 gt Blade edges s4 gt Model finishing s78 Model settings 75 CFD setup ssh Possible warnings The impeller shape radial mixed flow or axial Select a suitable impeller shape corresponding impeller is not suitable for the selected design to the specific speed calculated in the Global point 7 Setup 71 This warning is generated for e radial mixed flow impeller nq 10 160 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Dow CFturbo 10 radial mixed flow impellers with specific e axial impeller nq 80 400 speed nq 160 axial impellers with specific speed nq 80 8 1 Main dimensions 2 Impeller Main dimensions e
60. dependence on specific speed nq or flow rate Q See Approximation functions A Main Dimensions Ea O Setup 6 Dimensions Information Parameters Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 12 i I Calculate impeller diameter dS2 with 0457 Y 076 y Schematic sketch for illustration only Automatic ti view Work coefficient y ype usen 5 E E Calculate hub diameter dH2 with gt Diameter ratio veduias 70 BH2 90 Meridional expansion contraction m Calculate inlet 451 dH1 with Merid velocity ratio cm2 cm1 1 Efficiencies Design relevant Information only Y Aerodynamic efficiency nh 0 Volumetric efficiency nv 94 6 96 Casing efficiency nc 100 v Ok X cancel Help For details of how to handle the parameter edit fields please see Edit fields with empirical functions 7 Parameters The panel Parameters allows defining alternative parameters in each case for the calculation of the following impeller diameters O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 218 CFturbo 10 la For d calculation dimensionless expression for the specific energy y Y lu 2 2 and y Yer lu22 2 0 7 1 3 radial impeller 0 25 0 7 mixed flow impeller 0 1 0 6 axial impeller Worke copMicient Y high gt small d flat characteristic curve low gt high d steep characteristic curve If the check box use is set d calculation is done
61. e x ER X P 7 Import 3D geometry dh V Active x Reference components 112 Rename Project Global Performance Export z 4 Undo Add Remove information setup prediction 7 Hide messages component Delete design steps Project Jl Selected Component 3D Model Report Components radial coordinate Messages G r mm Component Message S e 25 G p 1 Radial Impeller s J Main dimensions are not s e Main updated automatically dimensions Therefore the design i could be not up to date Blade angles are updated automatically Therefore geometry modifications are possible v Blade properties lt y 3 lt Stator gt Blade angles are not Ly Blade updated automatically properties Therefore the design could be not up to date z mm axial coordinate E E rur rrr E E RT 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 67 9 26 5 100 v fg Reference components x Progressions 4s Licensed for CFturbo On top you can find the ribbon style menul 65 providing access to all functionality Some of the ribbon pages are context sensitive The CFturbo application window is divided into three main areas a Component list on the left side This ordered list contains an icon for each component of the project The currently selected component is framed Clicking on the icon selects the component alternatively you can click on component in the meridional view 163 After selecting a component the ribbon changes to the project
62. edges s accomplished Blades are required see Main dimensions O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH o CFturbo 10 supported by this interface by this interface Designs with only one blade are not supported Designs with blade wrap angle larger than 360 are not supported RTZT format does not support blades with asymmetric thickness distribution Blades with asymmetric thickness distribution will be imported in BladeGen so that the thickness distribution is symmetric with respect to the mean line Model Geometry is not fully included in a cube between 500 500 500 and settings 500 500 500 Choose other export units A geometry can be correctly Change length unit in Model settings represented only if it is fully included in Point export 78 a cube between the points 500 500 500 and 500 500 500 due to the Parasolid library limitation Current point export settings could cause import problems in Inventor due to high number of points See message Change number of points in Model settings Point exportl 2781 Different export units were selected for at least two selected components See message Select identic export units for all components in Model settings Point export 376 Complete all design steps is required Only for CFD Applications One or more Complete all design steps design steps were not finished Special license for this interface required
63. ees 143 3 IMPELLER STATOR VOLUTE oocoocccoccncccncccnnccnoccncnoncnonnnoncnnnnoncnoncnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnonnns 144 4 PREFERENCES ete eee etel lec i esci ie Coq et e NORD nidad 145 A re Syn rati eal deta ade Nanaia a late siti 145 Approximation MUNG HORS a aio ade 145 A A teas sna deaimands 148 PION GS ucro La cuta A GO ket 152 EU ic E A EE ES RR DUREE MR MIN NEN ES 155 ILS read scat deste t als eae edad Ness Md tuber dvo tudo De EON Nae Rd UMOR tae ia INDORE dae Maes 158 CA EMT 158 Specific Speed esten tom tas ae noo tiendan 159 Other oris eere Eee eon e seeded oum uode ds 160 A EE E 161 5 3D MODEL iib SOL irradian idea 163 6 3D MODEL BEADES ice eR AA YID ned 163 T X4BEPORT scenic a oir eres 163 8 HELP c EET 164 Gheck for lc aint 164 Part VII Views 167 T Meridian oce A uei esee PE eee 168 2 3D Model ci milii iuter iiie bee 172 Model display OP ia 173 A O e 179 Problems when generating the 3D model ac ocooccoccccccccccccnooncononncononnnononononnnononaninos 183 3 RE Port 186 Part VIII Impeller 189 T Mali dimensions enra A aa dba 190 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Contents 5 Radial Mixed flow Pump Ventilator 191 SOtUP 193 ParametetS oir see P EE E AE EEEE EE PI EI eI SUP Q D REEL Ce D dd 194 DIMENSIONS irte cor cte icr evt deg avete oves eere evo sre ewe dod Shave E
64. flow reaches sonic speed somewhere in a duct As the rothalpy is constant at any point in the flow channel the temperature critical temperature within the narrowest cross section at a flow at sonic speed can be calculated by 2 u E pto Z k R Cp 2 and critical sonic speed becomes a JZ x R T With an approximation of the critical density and the influence of the boundary layer blockage the choked mass flow is Meh A a Pe 1 B The blockage of the boundary layer is expressed by the factor B that is 0 02 by default This theoretical choke line can be displayed when the checkbox Consider choke has been set Mm display options lower corner in the left Characteristics with different rotational speeds With the current set of parameters performance curves with different rotational speeds can be calculated and displayed This procedure is feasible only if the rotational speeds are not too far from the design point If they are similarity relations are not valid any longer Running a turbomachines with a speed different from the design point the resulting efficiency will be smaller as the design point efficiency To take this into account losses are scaled with the help of a Speed diameter correction factor nD see table Settings 74 last column The resulting losses will be O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ss CFturbo 10 2 Loss n Loss Mpasign i o 1 d design Characteristic
65. gt PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELP gt 3D MODEL gt 3D MODEL BLADES ni Xo e Reset view Vv te Coordinate system CS Rotate impeller Pointwidth 8 Isocurves 07 Activate dipping p gt Load view Show scale Curve width 1 Save Print Fit view F picture view Zo bel Save view BS Background color Resolution General View Settings Clipping General E Save representation as PNG JPG GIF or BMP Print representation Fit view zoom all geometry to visible region Viewing direction in positive or negative lt tt gt x axis direction Viewing direction in positive or negative lt tt gt y axis direction Viewing direction in positive or negative lt tt gt z axis direction E Reset view default position Load view from file Save current view to file Settings Switch coordinate system on off Switch scale system on off E Set background color A uniform rotation of the impeller around the z axis can be generated whereby the velocity can be influenced by the track bar O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Views 175 C Select resolution of curves and surfaces affects display Middle f Fine Define line width for points Define line width for curves Set number of surface isocurves Clipping A clipping plane for x const y const or z const can be defined and optionally displayed The position of the clipping plane can be adjusted by the track bar The directi
66. id 40 ANA Wy Hy Curve From File id 42 Ton Curve From File id 53 5 Curve From File id 55 5 Curve From File id 96 ins SS GP nl Creating revolution surfaces 1 Model Datum Axis create axis of revolution selecting the two proper datum planes Note use Ctrl for multi selection O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Do CFturbo 10 m cgeoe oc Bs y PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric BX po o File Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications Of Bs 1 ath 7 of Revolve ole 3 zx grita A g sQ i A by S Sweep ound y She gt A Regenerate z Sketch Extrude ix Pattern Boundary Component E He Coordinate System P Swept Blend Chamfer pow X E t Blend gt Interface Operations Get Data Y Datum Shapes Y Engineering Y Editing Y Surfaces Y Model Intent Y 4 2c ax Ex aa Bo Gq ES Q amp m 3 0 gx 2 Create a datum axis Model Tree E PRT0001 PRT 7 RIGHT Placement Display Properties References TOP F2 DATUM PLANE Through RIGHT F1 DATUM PLANE Through Offset references lick here to add item 2 Model Datum Sketch create a new sketch e Select the plane containing the curve to be revolved Reference and orientation items are set automatically after selection O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ay rar File Model Analysis f Regenerate XY E Operations Get Data ela Model Tree E P
67. information Help 4 e X Cose REQUESTI 151 new license by e mail O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 1a CFturbo 10 SHOW 23 current license information License expiration If the license of a software module has expired it can be reactivated by replacing the license with a new one A hint with remaining days appears on startup screen 20 days before expiration of the license The number of days for this hint can be specified in Preferences Settings General 155 Steps for licensing At the first start of CFturbo there is no running license available For using the viewer mode no further steps are necessary F ERROR a ee If projects are going to be modified Check if a valid local license file is present A xd a A local license has to be requested and installed the network license configuration is correct Get more information or b CFturbo has to be configured for using a network license in place Var In general all licensing steps can be performed using remote desktop connection RDP But keep in mind that finally a Local Computer License can be used directly on this computer only and not v a a RDP session For this purpose a Network Server License is required 1 Local Computer License Start CFturbo you see the License dialog 121 or open menu Preferences Licensing Licensing Request 15 local computer license and send lice
68. information O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 235 Required driving power Stage efficiency P Stage efficiency incl motor Nst FW NstNmot 2c Tes Total to static efficiency Lol p perfect gas model 8 1 3 3 Dimensions On page Dimensions panel Shaft hub the required shaft diameter is computed and the hub diameter is determined by the user gt ShafHublzsh O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 23 CFturbo 10 The main dimensions of a designed impeller suction diameter d impeller diameter d outlet width b can be seen on Main dimensions panel They can be recomputed by pressing the Calculate button The computation is based on Euler s Equation of Turbomachinery on the continuity equation and the relations for the velocity triangles as well as on the parameters and parameter ratios given in the tab sheets Setup and Parameters You may accept the proposed values or you can modify them slightly e g to meet a certain normalized diameter In case the checkbox Automatic is activated a new calculation will accomplished after any change of parameter Then the manual alteration of the main dimensions is not possible Regarding the impeller size one should try to attain d values as low as possible But there is a limit for a specified task lower impeller diameters are leading to higher blade loading up to blade angles B which may not be suitable anymore O C
69. inherently defined by the two others D Extent Inlet 6 Outlet Extent Inlet and Outlet values are coupled All values can be modified while some others are updated automatically Extent Inlet to Outlet Center line y Hub Shroud Center Radial M b o Ar 30 5 mm L 30 5 mm 90 Outlet bhis mm y 180 dh y Extent from inlet to outlet can be defined by 2 alternative possibilities in principle 1 Center line preselection of extension direction Radial Axial Tangential to outlet of previous component Free form e Definition of axial extension Az and radial extension Ar or length L and angle of center line to horizontal direction Definition of end cross section Inlet or Outlet by width b and angle to horizontal direction 2 Hub Shroud separately for hub and shroud preselection of extension direction Radial Axial Const area with respect to opposite side Tangential to outlet of previous component Free form O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 e Definition of axial extension Az and radial extension Ar or length L and angle of hub shroud to horizontal direction The angles and are defined by 0 horizontal right and rising in counter clockwise direction mathematical positive A menu with some default angles is supporting angle input by Right 0 Left 180 U T Up m Down 7 270 2X Perpendicular Perpendicular perpendicular to inlet or
70. it s updated by subtraction of extent from outlet Otherwise the extent will be adapted Details see Interface definition 40 9 2 Meridional contour Stator Meridional contour ce In principle the same features are available as for the meridional design s of impellers The endpoints of hub and shroud curves are fixed by main dimensions s 4 and cannot be modified here For Radial diffuser type of stators see main dimensions 4 the following geometrical dimensions are defined O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 9 3 Blade properties Stator Blade properties v In principle the same features are available as for the blade properties 2921 of impellers To support the selection of a suitable blade count a separate dialog s can be used which can be started by pressing the button right beside the edit field The outlet angles TE are input values for most of the blade types according to the desired change of flow direction Slip models are not available for stators Some angle oversizing should be considered if necessary Two additional special blade shapes are available for Radial diffuser type stators see Main dimensions s 4 1 Log Spiral Straight 2D The inlet section of the vanes without overlapping is noneffective and configured as a logarithmic spiral similar to spiral casing The diffuser part in the overlapping area is straight The transition point between these areas can be m
71. main and additional progression diagrams have several display options to switch on off some elements These display options can be handled by a menu in the lower left corner of the diagram vf 02 The state of each display option is saved internally and restored next time Filled sections L V Equivalent diameter outlet 4 vh Cut water section Miscellaneous Coordinates of mouse cursor are displayed in format x y bottom left in the status bar Position and size of dialogs are saved to restore it in the same way when they are called again If CFturbo generates primary design automatically you may see Initial design on the top right of the diagram If numerical values are entered in tables then a new value is only activated and the diagram is updated if the Enter key is pressed or a new cell of the table is selected O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 CFturbo 10 2 5 Progression dialog This dialog allows to set different progression types for a given variable _p Q d amp 5 Bk L gl g y Progression O Constant A Linear J Spline K Polyline A import Availability The Progression dialog can currently be used for the following variables e Cross section progression in Meridional contour za e Angular positions in Blade mean lines 15 e Spiral cross section progression in Spiral development areas 12 Import Polyline If the option Polyline is sele
72. mean lines have the same maximum m value as the main blade s hub mean line thy tangential coordinate 0 02 m 95 5 4 i2 14 4s 18 wh Shroud Also the visibility of the inner mean lines can be toggled via Inner mean lines O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 321 Blade mean ines Siles ELO E 6r B progression Qvi BR e E Qze0mmeanines ES pue Tm i The blade is designed via its Beta e i Emm distribution by Bezier curves m t curves i E are calculated and displayed for i i information Vj Special display option for splitter blades The display of main and splitter curves can be toggled by the check boxes odd A 2 Reference components Url eese RRA E disces independently AAA E E TU tk a TA le aa Depending on the selected blade shape see Blade properties 2 3 the design of the mean lines is more or less restricted e Freeform blades 2D blades Radial element blades s23 e Circular blades Straight blades sz For some blade shapes user defined angular positions can be loaded using the Progression dialog 48 The blades of an impeller representing a deceleration cascade for the relative velocity Therefore the risk of flow separation exists The user should try to obtain a continuous smooth change of flow direction as well as the cross section graduation of the flow channel should be as st
73. minimum should be avoided Cm progression Progression of the meridional velocity c along the meridional streamlines see Meridional flow calculation zea Meridional flow calculation Stream function Within the meridian the stream function will be solved For an incompressible fluid this equation is in cylindrical co ordinates z r For a compressible fluid the equation looks like O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 269 where a is the sonic speed defined by a v R Z T Hub and shroud are representing stream lines where as at in and outlet there is a certain stream function distribution chosen This is done in accordance to the mass flow imposed by the global setupl 7 Calculation grid and solution scheme The equation is solved using a finite difference method FDM on a computational grid which will be generated using an elliptic grid generation For more information about the used computational techniques refer to e g Anderson et all ast Results The meridional velocity component can be calculated by the axial velocity component fn Pn OW rpa by the radial velocity component R Pr OW m r p Oz with DE IA Cm Hales HOF ry and are reference radius and density respectively In case of incompressible fluids the density is constant throughout the flow domain and the according term in the equations is discarded Example After each change of the meridional con
74. moved over a graphical object e g polyline Bezier point then this is highlighted by color or by increased line width Right mouse click is now related to this object and does open a special popup menu or a small dialog window for data input Bezier curves are used for geometrical contours by default This continuous polylines are described by the position of a few Bezier points Therefore a simple modification of the curve is possible but on the other hand the numerical representation of the curve is accurate Bezier curve Circular Arc Straight Line e Polyline LJ Save curve CG Reset curve Contour Rel position 0 100 EST For Bezier curves popup menus are available for special Straight Line actions concerning the curve An alternate method to specifying Bezier points by the ds mouse you may enter the accurate coordinates of Bezier points in a small dialog window that appears by clicking the x right mouse button on the chosen Bezier point One or two coordinate values can be entered in dependence of geometrical boundary conditions As a rule these values are normalized relative values describing the position of the point between extreme values left or bottom 0 and right or top 1 Normalized relative coordinates are giving the CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH advantageous possibility of an automatic update of the entire design if a parameter is modified Display options 0 05 Some diagrams both
75. of turbo machines that the flow variable is given as a function of the energy variable Beyond it characteristics of different rotational speeds will not be displayed over the whole theoretical pressure interval but only piecewise The choice of the variables is to be made in the tab Variables Surge for ventilators compressors only The prediction of surge line is based on the following model The pressure difference between outlet and inlet yields a back flow within the compressor Amongst pressure difference and back flow a correlation exits that can be found in the table Kinds of losses column Hydraulic losses Within the applied model the compressor is thought as a parallel connection between a flow source and a hydraulic resistance Then surge will occur when the back flow in the hydraulic resistance becomes as big as the flow in the flow source O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH The surge line can be controlled by the loss coefficient Surge loss coefficient Of course it is impossible to consider non steady effects that are characteristic for the onset of the surge with this model The surge line can be displayed only in case dimensional variables has been chosen and the checkbox Surge line has been set Vj display options lower corner in the left With centrifugal fans surge may only happen if the pressure difference is big enough 0 3 bar Choke for compressors only Choked flow will happen if the
76. outlet cross section Parallel parallel to inlet or outlet cross section Depending on the interface 8l type the extents are defining the inlet or the outlet of the component O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH If the stator has the primary interface side at outlet the extents will modify the outlet Otherwise if the stator has the primary interface side at inlet then the inlet will be defined by the extents D Exten O iniet outer If the neighboring components are primary both at inlet and at outlet then the extent of the stator cannot Extent Inlet and Outlet values are coupled All values can be be specified explicitly because it s clearly defined by modified while some others are updated automatically these interfaces Extent Inlet to Outlet The component is fixed by its neighbors Both neighboring components have primary interfaces see components preview in main form Information Design point Design point information see Global setup 7l Ratio outlet to inlet Diameter ratio Width ratio Area ratio Inlet area 9 1 2 Inlet Here you can define the inlet of the stator If the outlet can be modified then it s updated by addition of extent to inlet Otherwise the extent will be adapted Details see Interface definition 40 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 300 CFturbo 10 9 1 3 Outlet Here you can define the outlet of the stator If the inlet can be modified then
77. power demand of motor P el The following summary illustrates the single efficiencies and their classification Relevant for impeller design Im c casing IM yes for energy transmission om yes for flow rate mechanical 5 mechanical no for overall information only A The obtainable overall efficiency correlates to specific speed and to the size and the type of the impeller as well as to special design features like bypass installations and auxiliary aggregates Efficiencies calculated by approximation functions 5 are representing the theoretical reachable values and they should be corrected by the user if more information about the impeller or the whole pump are available classification efficiencies The hydraulic efficiency or blade efficiency describe the energy losses within the pump caused by friction and vorticity Friction losses mainly originate from shear stresses in boundary layers Vorticity losses are caused by turbulence and on the other hand by changes of flow cross section and flow direction which may lead to secondary flow flow separation wake behind blades etc The volumetric efficiency is a quantity for the deviation of effective flow rate Q from total flow rate inside the impeller which also includes the circulating flow within the ventilator rising with decreasing tip clearance O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 221 The mechanical efficiency mainly includes the f
78. screen CFturbo 10 0 CEM Licensed for CFturbo Software and Engineering n20 Create new project Here you can create a new project by selecting the desired machine type Pump Ventilator Compressor Turbine These 4 buttons correspond to the menu item File Newl 6 After creating a new project the Global Setup 7 dialog is starting automatically CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Start 55 Afterwards several components can be added 40 to the project Open existing project Here you can select existing projects gt secc Open any CFturbo project cft via file opening dialog corresponds to the menu item File Open ed Be Open one of the CFturbo default examples from the installation g directory Open recent project Here you can select one of the 10 recently used projects The full filename is displayed as a hint if you mowe the mouse cursor over any item You can clear the entire list using the button right top or use the pop up menu by right click on any item to remove it or to open the corresponding directory gt Remove from list Al Open directory CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Opened project 4 Opened project After creating a new design or opening an existing project the main window looks as shown below S O ox la s Mixed flow pump cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 Es C E d PROJECT IMPELLER STATOR PREFERENCES HELP
79. screen display and user interaction This is essential for using CFturbo with optimization software Syntax cfturbo exe batch batch file verbose export interface name gt Options batch batch file gt Enables CFturbo batch mode batch file can either be a CFturbo batch file cft batch or a CFturbo project file cft verbose Display log output on the command line export interface name gt If CFturbo is started with a CFturbo project file in batch mode an export interface can be selected like in the batch file log lt log file gt Use specified logfile for output All other batch commands have to be defined in a file lt batch file gt Batch file The batch mode of CFturbo is controlled by an XML file A template for a specific CFturbo project can be created via Project Export Basicl 92 Batch mode template Due to a close relation between the CFturbo file format and the batch mode format only template batch mode files created with the same version as your CFturbo file should be used After an update of CFturbo a new template can be exported and the needed adjustments can be done The resulting batch mode template contains all modifiable values of the CFturbo project as XML nodes supplemented by a short descriptions XML nodes of parameters that are not going to be changed can be deleted The batch mode file also contains placeholder actions which must be completed with information related t
80. should be updated due to the blade blockage Display options The Display options only influence the graphical representation For instance the visibility of the smallest cross section can be toggled O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller sa Pl sade profiles Le fri EZ Man blade e rowan Res ama se M The Frontal view switch above cd the diagram represents the designed profiles in a frontal view including diameters d and d Furthermore the smallest cross section between 2 neighboring profiles is displayed Lr CE 8 i BB 55585 amp Possible warnings Pressure and suction side are intersecting or swapped The blade sides are intersecting or they are on Check the imported profile data if the opposite position Normally this can occur a pressure and suction side are not intersecting only when loading profiles from file b pressure side is always above suction side edge deviate from the specifications of the _ for leading and trailing edge match those of Blade properties 2921 dialog the Blade properties 2A dialog After changing the blade thickness on leading Adjust the inner control points or trailing edge in the Blade properties 2 dialog the thickness of the blade at the inner control points is unaffected It could happen that the thickness on leading and trailing edge is higher than in the middl
81. size at interfaces of adjacent components should have similar values A Global element seed size 3 E Height ratio 1 2 Min size limit 1 ei Edge criterion 0 15 Part Max size Max deviation Layers Height ratio End height Total height Height factor Hub 0 80908 v 12 0098214 0 5 0 0625 g 0 80908 v 12 0 0625 g 0 80908 M 12 0 125 g 0 53939 M 12 0 25 g M 12 0 5 g rr 2 i gt Cp 2 0 125 Y ok Xcancet Hep Global settings Tetrahedra Prism layers tt coarse i middie Fine t Coarse i midde i Fine Global element scale factor p Number of layers 7 c Growthlaw Linear m Global element seed size 16 e Heghtrato 2 Min size limit P e Edge criterion 0 15 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 32 CFturbo 10 Local settings Part Max size Hub 16 Josemi Shroud 16 02971 Blade 3 j os z Blade LE 4 j 026471 Blade TE 2 j 026471 Inflow 16 g outfow s j Possible warnings A Meridional extension behind trailing edge is L missing See Small outlet extension in CFD setup 4 Max size at interfaces of adjacent A components should have similar values 6 2 1 4 4 9 TurboGrid ANSYS Troubleshooting LS XX XIX 4 Height ratio End height Total height Height factor 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 0 19643 0 19643 0 19643 0 19643 0 19643 0 19643 0 19643 1 a ET ja ja
82. tab or to the specific one for this component type configurable see Generall 155 The context menu of the icons allows de activating renaming and deleting the component O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH s CFturbo 10 The following component types are possible Radial or mixed flow impeller Axial impeller Q Stator vaned or unvaned 9 Volute b Three alternative views in the central part see Viewsl 67 c Message panel on the right side The message panel shows errors red warnings orange and information green for all components of the project The design step causing the message is also shown It depends on the opinion of the user to accept warnings or to modify the design by adequate actions to avoid them Reasons for errors should be eliminated Messages 6 The type of a message warning error information is shown when hovering the Component p mouse cursor over it E p 1 Radial Impeller If a help link is available providing additional Main PIPERRA information conceming the message a dimensions Therefore the design question mark is shown next to the cursor could be not up to date The help can then be opened by clicking on the message Main dimensions are not Warnings Blade angles are not v Blade updated automatically properties Therefore the design could be not up to date Blade Qveriapping of mo neighbaring blades mean lines see pe too small curren 95 Model
83. the following criteria see panel Radial diffuser in Informational values area Values outside the recommended range are displayed in red color Throat distance a3 LE Throat width at inlet leading edge Optimal value average of a3 Optimum calculation by const swirl and see blade properties ss deceleration ratio Actual value shortest distance a3 Actual from vane leading edge to neighboring vane Shortest distance from vane trailing edge to neighboring vane Diffuser opening angle Allowable diffusion angle Outlet distance a4 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 306 CFturbo 10 Max allowable value to avoid flow Maximum allowable separation depending on equivalent inlet radius and length Actual value calculated by Actual equivalent inlet radius length inlet and outlet area Area ratio AR A4 A3 Area or deceleration ratio lz AR Optimum Optimal value R opt 1 05 0 184 Pressure recovery of the diffuser identified by a dimensionless coefficient Pressure recovery coeff cp Pressure recovery in an ideal loss free diffuser Pressure recovery for optimal area cp Optimum ratio A Actual Pressure recovery in real diffuser based on test results plotted in PNE with energy losses diagrams target C Co opt Diffuser effeciency D Diffuser efficiency cp Ideal loss free CA C 0 7 0 85 for low Inlet velocity ratio c3q c2 Inlet deceleration ratio qe specific speed
84. the other three points determining the shape of the curve The middle point 2 can be moved without any restrictions whereas points 1 and 3 have only one degree of freedom Point 1 is only movable on the straight line between points 0 and 2 point 3 between point 2 and 4 Therefore no curvature is occurring at the end of the curves In conjunction with a continuous curvature gradient small velocity gradients can be expected The two straight lines are defining the gradients in the end points of the curves O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 277 Circular Arc Straight Line v Limit stop Straight Line Fixed start angle Polyline Fixed end angle J Save curve GC Polyline to Bezier CG Reset curve Contour Bezier point 2 can be limited in its mobility by the curve context menu option Limit stop As a result the axial and radial position is limited in the area between the curve endpoints 0 and 4 The above mentioned coupling between the Bezier points can be switched on or off by the curve context menu option Coupled Bezier points Start angle line 0 1 or 0 1 2 and end angle line 3 4 or 2 3 4 can be fixed optionally by the curve context menu option Fixed start angle or Fixed end angle A fixed angle is illustrated by a dotted line instead a dashed one and by a triangular marker on the curve endpoint Tangential connection In Bezier mode a tangential connection to neighboring components impeller or stator can
85. thickness distribution to pressure suction side whereas the distribution itself remains constant Add polygon point Each thickness curve has a popup menu to add remove polygon Bezier points to load or save the 3 Save polyline curve and to reset the distribution to default G Reset Remove polygon point For Bezier curves a Polyline to Bezier 2 conversion is available as well as using a thickness distribution from a pre defined profile from profile manager 152 O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH so CFturbo 10 Add Bezier point Remove Bezier point C Load polyline C Polyline to Bezier lt Load profile from profile manager m Save polyline GC Reset Info The Info panel represents information of the designed blade profile Throat area Smallest cross section between 2 neighboring blades Actual thickness Actual orthogonal blade thickness values of hub and shroud profiles at leading edge at trailing edge after 1 3 and after 2 3 of the blade length If the cells are colored red then the thickness on leading trailing edge is differing from the Target thickness Target thickness Orthogonal blade thickness values for hub and shroud profiles at leading edge and at trailing edge as defined in the Blade properties 2921 dialog Please note that the blade thickness on leading and trailing edge should be modified in the Blade properties 29 dialog only In this case the blade angle calculation
86. well as any program errors that may need to be recorded e The telephone advice service hotline is available to customers on working days between 9 00 a m and 4 00 p m CET f Defects reported in writing or requests for advice are answered no later than the afternoon of the working day following their receipt As far as possible this occurs by telephone for reasons of speed The customer must therefore add the name and direct dial telephone number of the responsible employee to every written message For defect reports or requests for advice sent by e mail the answer may also be given by e mail 2 The following services among others are not included in the contractual maintenance services of the contractor a Provision of advice outside of the working hours specified under 8 2 para 1 letter e b Maintenance services which become necessary due to the use of the Software on an inappropriate hardware system or with an operating system not approved by the Licensor c Maintenance services which become necessary due to the use of the Software on another hardware system or with another operating system d Maintenance services after interference of the customer with the program code of the Software e Maintenance services with respect to the interoperability of the Software which is the subject matter of the contract with other computer programs which are not the subject matter of the maintenance contract f The remedy
87. will be displayed for information ERROR The following update messages have occured for Radial Impeller Blade properties A ERROR Geometry is partly not reasonable Component cannot be updated Get more information y OK O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Component design process e These information is also displayed in the Messages s F z 2 Messages area right in the main form Component Message m G 1 Volute gt z See also Opened project message panell 58 Cross Volute section types were m a Q Section modified due to double volute Usually you can find more information about a requirements 0 message in the online help by clicking on its text Spiral Cross sections are updated areas automatically Therefore gt geometry modifications are possible CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 Menu In CFturbo all menus of the main window are Radial pump cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 i i i A located In a ribbon with tabs Y PROJECT IMPELLER STATOR VOLUTE PREFERENCES HELP a c t3 m E import 30 geometry dp V Active Every tab 1 contains groups 2 with control sa cea reme expr i rmm uuo Tune information setup prediction 3 i Hide messages component Delete design steps elements 3 2 Project J Selected Component The buttons have hints if they are not self E AN ta gt Pump1 cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 explanatory The
88. zr Sample view after data import O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH SS fee 7 9 AutoCAD Classic y Drawingi dwg Insert Format Tools Draw Dimension Modify Parametric Window De Hoa xnfsiia cmt WEISE tom View IConceptual ONOOLS 22 iw r4 o 2 ES a Blade surface gerated by using the _loft command Creating rotational surfaces Hub Shroud Command _ revolve Select hub and shroud curves Specify axis start point or define axis by Object X Y Z lt Object gt 0 0 0 Specify axis endpoint 0 0 1 e Specify angle of revolution or STart angle Reverse E Xpression lt 360 gt 360 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 106 CFturbo 10 SS fee 03 AutoCAD Classic AER Insert Format Tools Draw Dimension Modify Parametric Es t c a pu 80 b p9mi nuioo 99ou00bo Dur E i Ie SIE EI EE E Mone EA LZ E ESSI IZ Hub and Shroud surfaces Construction of Volute O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH O AutoCAD Classic M Drawingl duwg Format Tools Draw Dimension Modify Parametric Window f Drawingl ma C E C amp C9 X D ff i r 6s co NARA Ere dus Custom View 2D Witeframe ONOOLS D es Py o 2 m B EE LOO e e e hoola aras PUE Sampl
89. 0 80 Filet radius RS mm Diffuser base ps 70 form factor Spiral start position 13 60 IV Automatic 501 Surface transition Automatic id 407 ME 207 M Equivalent diameter inlet Mj Filled c ections Y Cut cti 104 Area progression x 01 x JArea mm 10 460 20 4 440 30 ra 420 50 4 j 400 Reference components E Vv Configure 60 x mm X TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTYTTTTTTTTITTTTTETYTT go min cn 0 4 1 4 nv c0 0 0 7 9 9 Y oK Xconca 2 Hee TIU x 35 cetus 0 10 20 30 40 TA gt Generally the cut water can be designed in three modes Simple 45 Fillet 3 or Sharp 3 Splitter of Double volute The leading trailing edge axis ratio specifies the ratio between the minor and major axis length of an ellipse representing the leading and trailing edge of the splitter Limitations General The wrap angle 2 must be at least 330 For cornered spiral cross sections the side position is fixed to the corner position and cannot be modified individually Rounding of cut water edges Round edges is possible only if side position is higher than the position of maximum curvature and if no radial offset is defined Radial offset is available for strictly external volutes with 360 wrap angle only O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH NOM CFturbo 10 Fillet cut water is not available for cornered cross sections either spiral or diffuser Intersection of spiral and diffuser geometry is nec
90. 0 0 20 40 Y ok X Cancel Hep 47 8 100 8 100 F Debug Direction In general 3 basic shapes are available CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Tangential diffuser he Y Radial diffuser O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EN CFturbo 10 Spline diffuser The tangential diffuser is easier to manufacture the radial diffuser has the advantage of minimizing tangential forces The spline diffuser is similar to the radial but with extended flexibility Tangential diffuser For the tangential diffuser the excentricity can be specified V The right side is parallel to the center line perpendicular to the last spiral cross section The diffuser opens to left side only The diffuser opens to both sides default F The left side is parallel to the center line perpendicular to the last spiral cross section The diffuser opens to right side only 421 The excentricity can be specified manually Radial diffuser In the case of a radial diffuser the angle e between the outlet branch and the line connecting impeller center and outlet branch center can be selected Spline diffuser For the Spline diffuser the angle og between connecting line impeller center lt gt outlet branch center and diffuser start section has to be defined Points O and 4 are start and endpoint of the middle line on the inlet and outlet cross section point 2 is fixed by the intersection of app
91. 1 1 Efficiencies Design relevant Information only Y Hydraulic efficiency nh 89 2 96 Volumetric efficiency nv 95 Casing efficiency nc 100 15 55 95 135 175 215 Y Ok X cancel Help For details of how to handle the parameter edit fields please see Edit fields with empirical functions 4 Parameters The panel Parameters allows defining alternative parameters in each case for the calculation of the following impeller diameters O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 211 The following is focusing on normal axial pumps for inducers 215 special correlations are used For d calculation dimensionless expression for the specific energy y Y lu 2 and y Yarl 0 7 1 3 radial impeller 0 25 0 7 mixed flow impeller 0 1 0 6 axial impeller VIODS poemerent d high gt small d flat characteristic curve s2 low gt high d steep characteristic curve S2 If the check box use is set d calculation is done on the basis of Y 4 7 Y Otherwise Y specific work without losses is used Diameter coefficient 6 according to Cordier diagram see Dimensions 22 For d calculation O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 212 CFturbo 10 If the check box y2 90 is set the diameter ratio is set to d _ VY Diameter ratio d d ds Ugo Under the assumptions c u Y const For dg d calculation Meridional velocity r
92. 1 2 0 0147 Camber position xfi 50 arms Reynolds number Re pes 3 4 0 0117 4 5 0 0106 5 6 0 0103 6 7 0 0113 Add Add by digits 8 0 0172 e Corresponding NACA Code 6509 s 9 0 0228 Delete Convert p y l E LE 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 02 Lift coefficient cL 0 01 OK saves all changes Y OK Cancel 7 Help In the right panels the properties of the selected profile can be defined The available parameter vary depending on the profile type The buttons for opening and saving offer the possibility of the exchange of profile data between CFturbo installations NACA 4 Digit The NACA four digit wing sections are low cambered profiles This family of profiles allows a separate modification of camber and thickness which is especially advantageous for blade design The profile are defined by e First digit describing maximum camber as percentage of the chord e Second digit describing the distance of maximum camber from the airfoil leading edge in tens of percents of the chord O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH Dow CFturbo 10 e Last two digits describing maximum thickness of the airfoil as percent of the chord The thickness distribution is given by 0 5 1 2 3 4 Yal 2960 0 1261 X 0 3516 X 02834 0 10151 X d 02 l l The meanline consists of two parabola arcs whose transition point is their apex respectively The point is defined by the the first
93. 100 120 140 56 5 79 0 100 96 v fg Reference components a Progressions 21s Licensed for CFturbo Active components are displayed with their respective color inactive components are displayed grey Meridional diagram The diagram depicts the assembled meridional shapes of the project components and their connecting interfaces A large arrow on the inlet of the first component illustrate the flow direction Captions showing component name and a consecutive number are displayed as well The currently selected component is displayed with thick border and can be changed by mouse click on a component O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH LE AR gah i I e 4 L 4 D ME DES AL New Axial Impeller 7 New Stator CJ New Volute CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH New Radial Mixed flow Impeller Views 169 Component context menu If the mouse moves over the selected component the components menu is shown in compact style Alternatively you can use the corresponding ribbon menu see IMPELLER STATOR VOLUTE 44 Adding Components Via the ate symbol an additional component can be added to the project at the symbols position A menu shows the available component types and the option to import an existing one Alternatively you can use the corresponding ribbon menu see Add component 140 170 CFturbo 10 Interface coupling Interfaces 38 are located between components The dir
94. 2 Blade mean lines 2 Impeller Blade mean lines E The blade mean lines are designed on the number of meridional flow surfaces which were determined in Blade properties z2 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 32 CFturbo 10 The spatially curved meridional flow surfaces are mapped to a plane by coordinate transformation This coordinate system has the angle in circumferential direction t as abscissa and the dimensionless meridional extension m as the ordinate Both quantities are created by the reference of absolute distances in meridional M and tangential direction T to the local radius r r r dm tanbh P dt This conformal mapping allows the uniform handling of various impeller types radial mixed flow axial It should be noted that for each meridional flow surface a separate m coordinate is existing Design mode The mean lines can be designed on 2 alternative methods On panel Design mode you can select m t geometry e m A A B REA D zoom mesninse BB Zoomal 2 meridional coordinate m t1 The blade is designed in the conformal m t mapping by Bezier curves Beta distribution as an additional view is calculated and e mns displayed for checking B D Vj Special display option for splitter blades EJ With Splitter blade relative to main 2 oy blade checked corresponding mean lines ees splitter and main have the same maximum m value Otherwise all
95. 2000 ng 40 20 50 PETI 5000 100 10000 20000 200 sl Mixed flow 0 05 0 45 0 85 1 25 1 65 Specific speed o o y 2 05 2 45 vy X cance Help A specific problem exists for ventilator impellers If the suction diameter d is calculated by diameter ratio d d then the hub has to be planar i e hub diameter d 0 Otherwise the empirical correlations are invalid If the user defines a d value deviating from 0 a warning symbol points to this problem The solution is to select a different parameter for the calculation of the suction diameter dy see Parameters ts Hub Hub diameter dupo mm A Main dimensions Automatic WARNING use of d1 d2 requires dH 0 Calculate O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller You can select a value for the diameters d from standard specifications For that purpose you have to press the button amp open fe Saveas right beside the input field C daten Software CFturbo dcu Diameter cftdi The small dialog gives you the possibility to select a diameter wa from several standard specifications If material standard name Steel tube Y and pressure range are selected the lower panel shows all Norm diameters of the chosen standard One diameter is highlighted as ANSIE96 19 steinless Ars a proposal Nominal diameter outside diameter and wall thickness for the marked entry
96. 316 318 Smooth inlet 371 solid 179 183 Solids 183 SOLIDWORKS 94 Specific energy 193 228 specific speed 193 228 242 specific work 242 Speed coefficient 193 228 Spline 428 Splitter 304 splitter blades 387 Stack 365 Stagger angle 364 Stagnation point 310 Standard specifications 201 STAR CCM 97 Start 54 85 Start angle 428 start date 15 Static moment 268 274 276 Status bar 43 STEP 92 172 179 Step by step 67 STEPANOFF 417 420 Stepanoff constant 145 STL 92 172 179 Straight 274 276 284 Straight blades 327 Straight line 280 stream function 288 Stress cftst 201 235 267 STRG 412 Strictly external 406 Suction diameter 201 235 Suction side 310 Suction specific speed 194 215 Surfaces 183 Sweep 365 Swirl 310 swirl number 242 Symbols 452 Symmetric 406 467 CFturbo 10 Tangential 276 283 319 428 Test 145 Thickness 337 422 Through flow area 444 tin 131 Tip 376 tip clearance 387 Tip clearance efficiency 145 Tip projection to casing 376 torque 267 torsional stress 267 Trailing edge 274 276 284 344 Transmission of energy 313 Transparency 179 Trapezoid 406 411 Trimming 378 Turbine 9 TurboGrid 97 132 Type number 193 228 242 U undo 51 Uniform 344 Units 158 unshrouded 376 387 unwinded length 344 Update 164 update warnings 61 Updates 155 US 158 user 24 User defined 337 Va Velocity components 292
97. 42 44 46 48 Possible warnings Inlet hub diameter the deviation between meridional geometry and main dimension is higher than 0 1 The difference between the hub diameter and the Adjust either the main dimensions fso or the corresponding geometric size in the meridian is imported curve too large This is possible for imported polylines only CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 273 Problem Possible solution The difference between the suction diameter and Adjust either the main dimensions fso or the the corresponding geometric size in the meridian imported curve is too large This is possible for imported polylines only The difference between the impeller diameter and Adjust either the main dimensions fso or the the corresponding geometric size in the meridian imported curve is too large This is possible for imported polylines only The difference between the outlet width and the Adjust either the main dimensions fso or the corresponding geometric size in the meridian is imported curve too large This is possible for imported polylines only O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 8 2 1 Hub Shroud contour M Ret position 0 1 Y id pr gt Angle Y X e Bezier curve gt Circular Arc Straight Line N Straight Line ee E Polyline T EJ Save curve Rel position 0 1 C EAM Bo 6402 Y Contour r 005311 X
98. 5 Main dimensions ES d O Setup Dimensions Information Parameters Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles Blade outlet cross section 2 Schematic sketch for illustration only IV Automatic fit view Calculate outlet diameter d2 with y Diameter ratio y d2idt 0 5 E j Version 1 Calculate outlet merid velocity Merid acceleration v cm2 cm1 1 15 Blade inlet cross section 1 Calculate rotor diameter d1 with Coefficient ratio CR wig 13 Iv usen Suction side cross section S Calculate suction diameter dS with Merid acceleration cmS cm2 1 05 Y Calculate hub diameter dH Automatic dH dS 0 28 Efficiencies Design relevant Information only y Total to total efficiency ntt fs 5 Casing efficiency nc 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 v OK X Conca 2 Help Parameters O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EOS CFturbo 10 The panel Parameters allows defining alternative values in each case for the calculation of the following rotor main dimensions e suction diameter ds rotor diameter d inlet width b For details of how to handle the parameter edit fields please see Edit fields with empirical functions 4 One of the following parameters has to be specified for the calculation of the rotor diameter d dimensionless expression of the specific enthalpy u 2 u 2 big gt small d Work coefficient y small gt big d Guideline
99. 85 Inlet Mach number Mays KRZT Outlet Mach number thermodynamic values for impeller inlet cross section S P P T Cm c W U impeller outlet cross section 2 The Meridional preview is based on the until now designed main dimensions O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 2 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles Schematic sketch for illustration only v Automatic fit view 7 5 17 5 The Cordier diagram is based on an intensive empirical analysis of proved turbomachinery using extensive experimental data O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 200 CFturbo 10 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles N 500 1000 2000 3000 5000 10000 10 20 30 50 100 200 300 n 20 Radial Axial S SONDA N Mixed flow 1 05 d ya a 12 Specific diameter 5 4 0 05 01 02 03 05 1 2 Specific speed c p y 8 1 4 Radial inflow Turbine Rotor Main dimensions e The Main Dimensions menu item is used to define main dimensions of the rotor Main Dimensions are forming the most important basis for all following design steps O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH The real flow in a turbine rotor is turbulent and three dimensional Secondary flows separation and reattachment in boundary layers transient recirculation areas and other features may occur Nevertheless it is useful and it is common practice in the turbine des
100. 98 selected REPORT 186 Keyboard shortcuts Key tips are displayed when you press and release the ALT key In order to execute a command you have to press the the ALT key and the shown key s one after another Hi a E Pump1 cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 p 8 4 PROJECT MPELLER PREFERENCES HELP gt 30 MODEL gt 3D MODEL BLADES Pj T E H M EA x D m Import 3D geometry alls 5 Active Reference components 12 Rename Project Global Performance Export s 7 Undo Add Remove information setup prediction i Hide messages component Delete design steps Project Selected Component O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 1 6 1 1 The file menu can be found on the left border of the ribbon and contains the basic file operations Right behind the menu buttons you can open one of the recently used files by selecting it from the list This list is also available in the main window directly after starting the program see Start 54 Create new design File New PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELF 28 X Hi De Et Immort File menu Click here to create ES open print or save a PP Precios Pue 48 Aes t project QU y Recent projects 0 CX V V AExamplesiPumpiRadial Mixed flow Pump2 cft 1 CX V A AExamplesiPumpiRadial Mixed flow Volute1 cft 2 C Pump Radial Mixed flow Radial pump stage cft 3 cad cfturbo DW32_Induce
101. By default they are positioned relatively by their m coordinate That can be changed under Display options by selecting another Splitter to main position m t In case of Turbines the situation is vice versa The leading edge is located at high meridional coordinates whereas the trailing edge is at zero The wrap angle 9g is initially constant for all cross sections but it can be modified individually The O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 326 CFturbo 10 wrap angle tremendously influences the blade angle progression along the mean line Beta progression can be viewed in a separate diagram Two points in the middle 1 and 2 must be on a straight line at an angle of or p to the horizontal in order to fulfill the boundary condition dm dt The primary design shows points 2 at 1 4 of the wrap angle and points 1 at 3 4 Individual mean lines can be designed separately If the linear coupling mode is active you can move and rotate the connecting line The positions of Bezier points of all mean lines are modified correspondingly to get uniform profiles If you select a point of the inner cross sections you can move the entire connecting line On the other hand if you select any point of the inner or outer cross sections you can move this point along the related straight line This line is given by or rotation of the connecting line Points O leading edge and 3 trailing edge can only be moved horizontal
102. CFturbo CFturbo 10 User manual for CFturbo 10 software Q CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Introduction This manual describes the usage of the software CFturbo 10 and corresponds to the online help with regards to content O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 2015 All rights reserved No parts of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means graphic electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording taping or information storage and retrieval systems without the written permission of the publisher Products that are referred to in this document may be either trademarks and or registered trademarks of the respective owners The publisher and the author make no claim to these trademarks While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this document the publisher and the author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for damages resulting from the use of information contained in this document or from the use of programs and source code that may accompany it In no event shall the publisher and the author be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage caused or alleged to have been caused directly or indirectly by this document Contents 3 Table of Contents Part CFturbo 9 Part Il General 12 A sid EE AAE AA AEAEE E RENAA 12 Focal license set p secte A aaa 15 Network license Setup n 5 td dai od E eoe Eo e od daa 17 License se
103. CFturbo 10 Furthermore you can set Extension outlet at r constant which means that the outlet of the extension is forced to be horizontal in the diagram parallel to the z axis The designed outlet extension will be displayed in the diagram automatically For unvaned stators the extension is not necessary and therefore not activatable Possible warnings The length of the extension is smaller or equal to the distance tolerance s7 This might cause geometrical defects when sewing faces during Model finishing A The endpoints of the hub and shroud extension have a slightly different radius This can result in almost flat cone surfaces for the adjacent RSI Connection which may be problematic to import into other CAD CFD systems The endpoints of the hub and shroud extension have a slightly different z coordinate This can result in almost flat cone surfaces for the adjacent RSI Connection which may be problematic to import into other CAD CFD systems 8 5 2 Miscellaneous 2 Impeller CFD Setup Miscellaneous Miscellaneous virtual elements can be created If geometrical problems occur change the distance tolerance or the length of the extension Set the endpoints of the hub and shroud extension to the same radius by checking the Extension outlet at r constant checkbox Set the endpoints of the hub and shroud extension to the same z coordinate by checking the Extension outlet at z constant checkbox
104. CFturbo 10 definition 49 or the Cross section 404 dialog Furthermore all modifications in this dialog are considered directly by updating all cross sections completely Furthermore the wrap angle can be defined default value is 360 Design rule You can select the Design rule for volute calculation whereas 3 possibilities exist Pfleiderer Stepanoff User defined Details Design Rule 20 Cut water compensation In panel Cut water compensation you can specify parameters for the cut water design Details Cut water compensation 42 Circular arc approximation For spirals with rectangular or trapezoidal cross sections an approximation by circular arcs is provided The arcs are optimized with respect to the maximal deviation from the initial contour which is defined by the design rule Information about the resulting circular arcs e g midpoints radii and angles are shown in the informational values view In addition their details are given as hint of the arc in the diagram Note that further calculations are based on the initial contour Display options Under Display options changes can be made which affect only the graphical presentation Show refers to the main diagram with volute contour Section lines radial angle lines Cut water compensation cut water compensation as a larger inner radius Circle segments circular arcs of the contour approximation CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH S
105. D MODEL BLADES ni 5 Xo O Reset view V c7 Coordinate system 3 Rotate impeller Pointwidth 8 7 Isocurves 0 A activate dipping E seus NS p gt Load view Show scale Curve width 1 gt ave ini it view picture view Zo a Save view El Background color 7 Resolution ping plane General View Jl Settings Clipping Detailed description can be found in Views 3D Model 72 66 3DMODEL BLADES This Menu is used for handling geometries with blades impeller vaned stator in the the 3D model o PROJECT IMPELLER STATOR PREFERENCES HELP gt 3D MODEL gt 3D MODEL BLADES Selected component O Single blade Zy Area Position Radial Impeller A Blade passage O Sphere d E Area progression Selection Number of blades Blade passage Because a project can contain multiple geometries with blades these settings refer to the currently selected component in the model tree 1731 of the 3D Model view The name of the selected 3D component is displayed for information leftmost in the menu Detailed description can be found in Views 3D Model 72 6 7 REPORT This Menu is used for handling the project report f PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELP gt REPORT Ba a od Save Print Copy to Expand Collapse report report Clipboard all all General Tree view O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 164 CFturbo 10 6 8 6 8 1 Detailed description can be found in Views Report 3 HEL
106. Defaut Topology Row Wizard Row Mesh Control nter gt gt Active B2B Layer 1 549954 0 990648 0 000000 CHANNEL DEFINITION OK View ROW rowo DEFINITION OK e For unshrouded impellers the tip clearance has to be applied in AutoGrid manually O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 2 1 4 4 8 ICEM CFD ANSYS Menu 131 Export dialog Export ICEM CFD and CFturbo2ICEM scripts are only available with the corresponding license CFturbo2lCEM is a script solution for automatic geometry generation and meshing of CFturbo components Export to ICEM CFD is used for the CFturbo2ICEM scripts only 2 files are exported a tinXML flie containing all meshing parameters specified in CFturbo and a stp file containing the designed geometry with specific naming conventions Detailed description of the parameters can be found on the available documentation Export ICEM CFD General Topology Mesh method Full 360 O Robust Octree Single blade passage 8 Quick Delaunay Mesh Tetrahedra Fine tt coarse 2 Middle E Global element scale factor 1 x Information Miscellaneous E 5 Meridional extension behind trailing Component caption Triangulation tolerance l Sie Rna 5e 1E 6 Extension RSI in CFD setup Radial_Impeller Prism layers tt coarse ii Middle BE Fine Number of layers 7 5 Growth law Linear Max
107. Diameter gt Dimensions of the End cross section or Depending on the used shape it either specifies a lt Rectangle gt Diameter for circular end cross sections or width and height for rectangular end cross sections See Diffuser 423 Cut water lt SpiralCasingCutwater gt lt PhiTO gt Angular position see Simple Cut waterl 27 rad Fillet lt Fillet gt Fillet radius R see Fillet Cut water 40 lt DiffBase Diffuser Base Form factor see Fillet Cut waterl 9 FormFactor gt PhiTO Spiral start position see Fillet Cut water 4X oe EIILERatio Splitter edge ratio see Cut waterl 53 volute 2 2 3 Exit Codes CFturbo provides the following exit codes which report the result of the batch run No errors or warnings occurred during batch run Last batch run was completed with warnings but no errors Last batch run was completed with errors O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH E 2 2 4 Example The example of a CFturbo batch file below changes the blade number of the Pump1 example project Subsequently the modified project gets exported as geometry export as well as saved into the CFturbo project file Pump1 mod cft lt xml version 1 0 standalone yes gt lt CFturboFile Version 9 gt lt CFturboBatchProject InputFile C Testing Pumpl cft gt lt Updates gt CFturboProject Type Object CFturboDesign Radiallmpeller Type Object Name amp 1t Radial Imp
108. Engineering GmbH Impeller 325 meridional coordinate m 125 a 145 L di na 1 05 a A 3 f e Midi p ou i 0 95 A ur E 0 85 pr i ent D 075 m Lodi 0 65 E a i A mM JE 0 55 E P 3 Psi 0 45 3 E 0 35 4 S Pi 5 0 25 ry EE Central Wl ge 7 oas AA A Bezier point E 1 0 05 lir dae ng 0 05 015 tr tangential coordinat 0 05 005 O15 025 O35 O45 O55 065 O75 085 095 105 1415 125 135 145 155 CFturbo s primary design is fixing point O leading edge for all cross sections at tangential coordinate t 0 and meridional coordinate m 0 while point 3 is determined by the meridian coordinate of the trailing edge dm and the wrap angle Aq The initial wrap angle Ao is based on empirical functions 5 In case of Splitter blades the design options depends on the link between main and splitter blades in the Blade properties s If Splitter blade linked to Main blade is activated there the splitter blade is a shortened main blade The blade and wrap angles are calculated automatically Under Constraints the relative position of the splitter blade between two main blades can be adjusted lt couldn t be set on all profiles user defined like the Start angle o If main and splitter blades are not linked there are all degrees of freedom in design for both The m t view of the splitter blades is shown on a separate tab Splitter blade m t Additionally the profiles of the contiguous blades are shown
109. Fturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH O setup Shaft 121 Allowable stress 1 15 MPa Factor of safety SF 1 15 Variant 1 Min shaft diameter d 51 5 mm Main dimensions Hub diameter dH po mm Y Automatic B Calculate Suction diameter n 72 Blade inlet diameter 0 Blade inlet width y Impeller diameter S17 Outlet width 20 2 Information Ls Impeller 237 Main dimensions Information Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles Specific diameter 8 y 4 p 1 05 a Y Q Ns 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000 Ng 10 20 50 100 200 7 Mixed flow i 0 05 0 45 0 85 1 25 1 65 2 05 2 45 Specific speed c o 7 y 7 Help Y X Cancel In the right panel of any tab sheet an information panel is situated which holds the computed variables in accordance to the actual state of design the resulting Meridional section 2s81 as well as the Cordier Diagramml 23 with the location of the best point These three sections can be chosen by the appropriate soft buttons in the heading In the Value section the following variables are displayed for information which result from calculated or determined main dimensions Work coefficient Flow coefficient O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 238 CFturbo 10 Meridional flow coefficient Diameter coefficient Tangential force coefficient Outlet width ratio b d 0 01 0 15 Wms Mus o 75 0
110. G Reset curve Addin cue F Add outlet curve The design of hub and shroud can be expanded optionally Therefore additional curves can be added on inlet and outlet side in order to design complex contour curves The additional inlet and outlet curves can be switched to any curve type Bezier Circular Straight Polyline by their own popup menu Tangential transition The tangential transition between neighboring curves can be switched on or off using the icon beside the the first or last Bezier point N tangential connection non tangential connection CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Dom CFturbo 10 8 2 2 Leading Trailing edge contour zim FEE r mm 228 29 Y rel 0 28768 Bezier curve e Straight Line r constant z constant EJ Save curve G Reset curve e Bezier curve Straight Line r constant z constant EJ Save curve G Reset curve Leading and trailing edge contour can be designed as Bezier curve The Leading edge is defined by the position of the Bezier points Straight O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller ms The Leading edge is a straight connecting line between the endpoints on hub and shroud e rz constant The Leading edge runs on constant radius i e parallel to rotational axis e z constant The Leading edge runs on constant axial coordinate e perpendicular to rotational axis The trailing edge can not be designed if Trai
111. H Blade element momentum method ssh ase CFturbo 10 Here either NACA 4 digit or point based profiles can be used Also an angle of attack has to be specified see blade element momentum method ss 9 Profile catalogue Profile properties Hub Shroud Group NACA 4 Digit ES NIA Profile NACA 6309 v amp Span a cL E a Attack angle Hub 1 5 0 1 146 0 014 Middle 0D 0 30 UN 5 WN rs Shroud 10 r Blade properties im EE Blades Information Number y Number pa gt 10 215 of blades T of spans E 1 Values Meridian Diagrams Axial values Hub Shroud Inside blade passage Outside blade passage Method Leading edge Trailing edge Y OK X canca 2 Help Lieblein methodlssA Here only profiles of the NACA 65 series can be used A solidity has to be specified that has to be on all spans 0 4 lt l t lt 2 0 It is used for the calculation of the skeleton length and stagger angle see Lieblein method ss O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH rene E i Blades Information Number Number 20 4 41 2 15 of blades E of spans bes E E Values Meridian Diagrams Axial values Hub Shroud Inside blade passage Outside blade passage cu cm definition Profile properties Method Profile catalogue O Lieblein 7 Average solidity 1 29 Profile properties Group NACA 65 series x P
112. Harness Cancel po o E 9 2 Model Get Data Import Select pts or ibl file Launched an installer for ProductView Express O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH mDnecg go oc iGy Analysis Annotate Render Tools POPE A Axis xx Point le Zx Coordinate System Merge inheritance Copy From Model Tree PRTOO01 PRT import 7 RIGHT PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric View Flexible Modeling 7 eR Revolve EN Sweep Y Extrude d Swept Blend Shapes Applications Hole 3 Round Chamfer v Engineering Y Draft y 1 Shell Pattern Rib Y X Editing amp m 3 9 Ee 7 TOP 7 FRONT S amp PRT CSYS DEF Insert Here Common Folders l Desktop ES My Documents Svq moon E Working Directory EE Network Neighborhood 2 Favorites Radial_pump_Co0 meanline0 ibl Radial_pump_Co0 meanline1 ibl Radial_pump_Co0 meanline2 ibl Radial_pump_Co0 meanline3 ibl Radial_pump_Co0 meanline4 ibl Radial_pump_Co0 profile ibl Radial_pump_Co0 shroud ibl Radial_pump_Co0 thickness0 pts Radial_pump_Co0 thickness1 pts Radial_pump_Co0 thickness2 pts Radial_pump_Co0 thickness3 pts Radial_pump_Co0 thickness4 pts Radial_pump_Co1 contour line ib Radial_pump_Co1 section closed ibl Radial_pump_Co1 section open ibl 0 00 0 File name Radial pump Co0 hub ibl Date modified 15 Jan 14 01 44 58 PM Type Al Files v Sub type File
113. I The context menu also offers to display and edit the values of the segment Either the start or endpoint of the segment can be changed In some cases like in sample 1 the segment between O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ara CFturbo 10 point 1 and 2 has a fixed start point according to the geometrical constraints Angle ERES Length mm 7 329 Fixed Startpoint i z mm 5 25 r mm Endpoint v z mm B 306 r mm 45 16 X When moving points the following constraints can be enforced by pressing a key on keyboard CTRL Point moves on a circle around the previous point The radius stays constant while pressed CTRL Point moves on a circle around the next point The radius stays constant while pressed SHIFT ALT Point moves on a line between its last position and previous point ALT Point moves on a line between its last position and next point SHIFT O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 10 2 3 Radius based cross section The shape of a radius based cross section is described by straight lines and circular arcs b 2 The geometry is described by the following parameters base height h height of the radial base part base radius Ra rounding between base part and cone part radius can be limited due to length of base part and cone part opening angle angle of the cone part corner radius Ro rounding between cone part and main circular arc on top radius can be limited
114. Impeller 267 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles i absolute c relative w velocity mid span 450 350 250 8 1 6 Shaft Hub Dimensioning of the shaft diameter is made under application of strength requirements It is a result oftorque M P to be transmitted by the shaft and the allowable torsional stress of the material You can directly enter allowable stress or select the value from a list by pressing button fed right beside the input area O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 268 CFturbo 10 8 2 Abla pires ES In a small dialog window you can see some materials and its allowable stress The list can File location be extended or reduced by and button You can confirm selected value by pressing ES Open LJ Save as the OK button C daten Software CFturbo Source CFturbo 10 0 dcu W At File location the file containing material properties is shown The file is originally called Select value MPa lass Stress cftst and is located in the installation directory of CFturbo Modifications of the list St42 2 12 5 i Standard 15 0 will be saved if the user is leaving the dialog St50 2 15 0 window by clicking the OK button In case mt ay there are no write permissions the user can C35 180 choose another directory to save the file St70 2 212 Renaming of files is possible by Save as C 45 212 functionality By clicking the Open button a 15Cr3 21 2 previously saved fil
115. M Model fini MC UNO 80 i SS 704 eof AS 1 c vo EMBMM 1 t 5 MG m z mm 20 axial coordinate 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 58 7 124 3 100 Y We Reference components J El Progressions LN ys Licensed for CFturbo Project Selected Component Active A inactive component is read only and also not going to be updated automatically Inactive components are colored grey in all views Project Selected Component Rename Change the caption of a component The caption is displayed left in the components list as a hint when moving the mouse cursor on the icon in the meridional view the 3D view and the report Project Selected Component Delete The selected component is going to be deleted after confirming the warning O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Warning The following component will be deleted A Radial Impeller Radial Impeller gt Really continue v Ye O m 6 2 2 3 Remove design steps 2 Project Selected Component Remove design steps ME If you make any design modifications on the current component then all following design steps are adapted automatically parametric model However if you would like to start with an automatic generated CFturbo initial design certain design steps can be removed manually Then CFturbo continues with new initial design data For that purpose you have to select the appropr
116. Messages Component e Main dimensions Ly Blade properties E lt 3 lt Stator gt Blade v properties Progressions D O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH G Y 1 Radial Impeller gt EN e x 3 Message Main dimensions are not updated automatically Therefore the design could be not up to date Blade angles are updated automatically Therefore geometry modifications are possible v Information Blade angles are not updated automatically Therefore the design could be not up to date Licensed for CFturbo 168 CFturbo 10 7 1 Meridian This view consists mainly of a diagram containing the meridional shape of all components 3D Model Report Components radial coordinate Messages 6 am jr mm Component Message A 145 j E p 1 Radial impeller E E Main dimensions are not E 135 e Main updated automatically E P j dimensions Therefore the design Fa L 125 4 could be not up to date i l 1153 Blade angles are b E updated automatically 105 d v es E Therefore geometry a ns modifications are 7 95 T possible 4 L currently NOT gs 98 Model fni E deis P 181 G lt gt 2 Vaned radial diffuser y es Blade angles are Blade updated automatically v Therefore geometry I 553 a modifications are y 451 possible currently NOT 354 Model fini pi i 25 El 15 z mm axial coordinate a Ira Sgn Irt enel OR DROL fk fe pL 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80
117. P This menu supports the user on how to use CFturbo E PREFERENCES HELP oou S se Help About Default Check for Show CFturbo topics CFturbo examples updates tutorials website Help Online The following features are available 9 Help topics General CFturbo online help including help index i About CFturbo Information about CFturbo e g version information uy Default Examples Open default examples folder of CFturbo installation Check for updates 16 Check for updates online Isl Show tutorials Show online tutorials for CFturbo o CFturbo website Open CFturbo website in browser Check for Updates t 2 Help Online Check for updates Here you can check for available updates on the CFturbo website Most of all this concerns the frequently released maintenance versions 10 0 x mainly provided for bug fixing The currently running version is displayed as well as the latest available for download If an updated O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 165 version is available a direct link to the download website is displayed The download access name password remains valid as long as a maintenance contract is running time limited rental licenses include maintenance for the whole leasing period there is no separate maintenance contract required Check for updates CFturbo Running version 10 0 0 Available version 92 8 y NO Updates available Automatic check for updates can be
118. RR EARN 357 KinemlatlGs 2 5 niii E E call iei ot ssonns ales becdat IR cile se RD Ie ines nidad btc us 359 Blade element momentum method esseesesse mene 361 Li amp eblein riethod o 362 E He cce 364 o cac RM NE MT Ree PERO REN HT 365 5 CR DISCtup i 4i oett tl ia 368 EXCESO n A A ARS 368 Mech a it 370 Srt Ea 371 Blade LEE 375 E A 376 6 Model Settings eoe eet oet eo bre Haeo tea eoo Pet Mae tite Bae AREA abeft auta 376 7 Model finishing iiis iia 378 Part IX Stator 384 AL Main dimernsiOns oerte velit eit tesi de Seether ee 384 EXE c cU UR MO e A tu ecc DEA MS TS 387 li MET MN EL MEN PH ENDE 389 UCT S oec A ic EM nu de Mee e Mec M ads RU 390 2 Meridional contour rocanrol adi tcl biiicRcOblnb e DL RII 390 3 Blade properties eic ede eere e iade eed deg Give dae e dedo deed e eee d dee donus 391 Number AA TEROHCORIPONIRERUNS 392 4 Blade mean lines ii Lect ce tibios 394 5 Blade profiles cec eere ee dene eterne ias 397 6 Blade edges eise dee denen de doe da de neu ee Tune dae e dere ade eee dde need dn hs 397 TCE liget 397 8 Model settings cocoa pain 398 9 Model finishing e mt pete ee re aeter pese Io HER tee SER 398 Part X Volute 400 1 Setup s mer AA ett MES ER ed tulere tede eda ote tk ges 400 Seb ros E e anteire red atin ao 401 MMU CHUA ger XR P 405 2 Gross OCIO oe iux iaa 406 Bezier Cross Seco NNNM NOR CERNERET 411 Line Segm
119. RT0001 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT SX PRT CSYS DEF Bj Curve From File id 40 AA gt Insert Here N Sketch 1 Menu 115 gt C a nA Annotate Render Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications p e Axis Hole Draft 3 2 1 ENG ES x Point ee R Plane Sketch E de Patte Bound e Age Coordinate System Swept Blend a R X nte e Datum v Shapes Engineering Y Editing Y Surfaces Y Model Intent Y aa x fa EA 3 eu a z p 2 Sketch x Placement Properties Sketch Plane Plane TOP F2 DATUM Use Previous Sketch Orientation Sketch view direction Flip Reference RIGHT F1 DATUM PLANE Orientation Right X Sketch Cancel bo g gt Select a reference such as surface plane or edge to define view orientation Bp 1 selected All v e Sketch Sketching Project do a projection of the curve selecting the curve Select option Single and click on Close CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 16 CFturbo 10 elo c GBgB5E Model Analysis Annotate 5 xk File Select System i Setup GetData Operations Datum e xl Model Tree E PRT0003 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT Zk PRT_CSYS_DEF Bj Curve From File id 40 TAT gt Insert Here fX Sketch 1 PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications Sketch vndc e AF ot pe Er BIO ex cr spar d Palette pa Normal v A oO Bi L tel Require
120. Results of mid span calculation 7 Unshrouded ince D Design point 5 Volume flow a 454 mh 3 Splitter blades Rotational speed n 1770 Imin Mass flow m 125 88 kg s Impeller type 5 Standard y Head H 30 m Power output PQ 37 048 kW Additional casing efficiency nc 1 00 p Power partitioning between impellers 34 Specific speed EU nq 49 035 H 30m 0 100 Initial default settings Hub Shroud curve mode Bezier curve Meridional leading edge Bezier curve Blade shape Free form 3D Y OK X cance 7 Help On panel General you can select Manual dimensioning In manual dimensioning mode the main dimensions and blade angles are not calculated by CFturbo All these values are user defined input values Splitter blades not for axial ventilators Design impeller with or without splitter blades Unshrouded Design a shrouded closed or unshrouded open impeller For an unshrouded impeller you have to define the tip clearance Impeller type For pumps select between Standard impeller and Wastewater impeller type For wastewater pump impellers you have to specify the desired number of blades used for some specific empirical correlations In case more than 1 impeller is contained in the project the design point 711 head pressure difference etc can be distributed amongst the impellers using the power partitioning The energy O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 19 CFturbo 10
121. Revolve a sketched section around a centerline Create a revolved feature as a solid or surface and add or remove material 4 Click on field Axis under tab Placements and select the revolution axis Surface of revolution will be generated CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Tij x i9 BP C v Filey Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications Revolve 006 09 CM sextam ZEl s00 74 Zi E I S Si sc MER Placement Options Properties go a Sketch Model T_ Sketch 1 j PRTOO Axis 7 RIG 7 TOF 7 FRONT 4 PRT_CSYS_DEF 5 Curve From File id 40 Pe fX Sketch 1 gt Insert Here gt of Revolve 1 i A_1 F6 DATUM AXIS Be ihi Al y O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 120 CFturbo 10 E Osua wal PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric File Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications Revolve lA rs Jak UA A I S Ses x Placement Options Properties BN uns amp amp m O c ll ModerT Sketch 1 Unlink 3 GPRTOO Axis 7 RIC A 1F amp DATUM AX Internal CL 7 TOF 7 FRONT 4x PRT CSYS DEF Curve From File id 40 i A fX Sketch 1 Insert Here gt of Revolve 1 5 Finalize revolve task by clicking on OK CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH amp DOneBgo o i Model Analysis 3 amp Regenerate Plane xy Operations
122. Software amp Engineering GmbH s CFturbo 10 r Send Assistant Error Details 1 2 y In which situation did the error occur This information will help us reproducing the errror Run CFturbo i Open project i Click on hub bezier point in meridional contour v Attach CFturbo project file Continue Finally you can choose if a screenshot should be attached If Continue is clicked the report will be sent encrypted to our web server E Send Assistant Screenshot Configuration 1 2 3 v Attach a screenshot to the bug report dick to edit image If automatic sending fails e g due to missing network connection a mail with all details and attachments will open in your default mail client and you have to send it manually Detail view The detail vew shows you the information that is collected about the error and the current state of CFturbo Also basic system information is included O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH NE e es An error occurred in the application Please send a bug report which helps us investigating and fixing the problem You can check the collected information with show bug report The report will be transferred encrypted to our webserver or attached to a new E mail in your default E mail dient if you have to send it manually Send bug report general call stacks modules hardware value 2015 01 19 13 28 04 331ms
123. Source Radial pump Co0 hub ibl Profile Current Profile 4 Confirm to finish import process O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 1 12 CFturbo 10 mDego o i Bv File Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools File CadatenimpiCreoParametriciRadial_ 7 Placement Options Properties P Model Tree ai E y E PRTO001 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRI Insert Here 2 Curve From File id 40 ES D Select reference coordinate system All curves can be imported in this way i PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric Flexible Modeling Applications Import u Sew x Applies and saves any changes you have made in the feature tool and then closes the tool dashboard PRT CSYS DEF Coordinate System O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu mnac ge ce GBvx PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric Trial Edition o u File Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications p D Q ga e 3 H 1 EXE a ofp Revolve Hole 325 E o Pad Bs B D a S Sweep Y Round She J A Regenerate ne Sketch Extrude Pattern Boundary Component X XY as Coordinate System P Swept Blend Chamfer Rib X S q Blend 2 Interface Operations Get Data Y Datum Y Shapes Y Engineering Y Editing Surfaces Y Model Intent Y I WES al lala ls ea Fale Model Tree T n Ej Y E PRT0001 PRT 7 RIGHT y 7 TOP R AO Z7 AA 7 FRONT AIN TIT SPRT CSYS DEF N UN MAC 54 Curve From File
124. Velocity triangle 247 292 310 313 Velocity triangles 201 235 Ventilator 9 Version 69 85 View 173 Visible 179 VNC 12 Volumetric efficiency 145 400 Volute geometry 417 W warning 337 344 Website 9 Width lines 268 Width number 145 WIESNER 292 318 Wireframe 179 Work coefficient 145 Wrap angle 145 323 332 417 27 Zoom 43 173 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH
125. acteristics that have their efficiency maximum at flow values smaller than the design flow To overcome or mitigate this certain parameters can be adjusted The general approach for the hydraulic losses is extended by an extra offset that is caused by a blind flow Ea ind due to recirculation at a flow of Q 0 This blind flow Quid is determined with Q _ Qbesian Blind 2 Nval Herewith the hydraulic loss become Alaro E F weight To where weight can be influenced by the weight factor w in the panel Parameter see table above second column To influence the determination of turbulent losses at Q Qt a second weight factor cw is available With the help of this parameter the turbulent losses become Variables O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH All types of turbo machines have in common The characteristics can be displayed in a diagram with dimensions as well as without dimensions EB total pressure difference work coefficient Ap AP pt total pressure difference ratio stage efficiency stage efficiency incl motor volumetric efficiency edi power driving power H Y P E bee Q Qs P A o E e al Nmech mot lst Tmech mot volume flow meridional flow coefficient CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH MOS CFturbo 10 flow ratio FEES T All combinations of flow and energy variables are possible It is common practice in the case of turbines contrary to all other type
126. ade setup 2 Impeller Blade properties V On page Blade setup basic blade properties are defined feces EN E ides Information Number J Number 7 aj gt oruiades 21D ose j2 e m Blade shape r Blade thickness s mm 4 Free form 3D will provide best results To consider blade blockade LE Free form 3D v Leading edge Trailing edge Hub 43 43 Shroud 38 38 r 81 Incidence i BB BF BZ Slip 5 BB BF 4 Deviation from shockless inflow Deviation from blade congruent flow Definition Shockless flowrate Model Guelich Wiesner Y RQ Flow ratio shockless design Hub 100 Shroud 100 Slip coefficient y 1 2e u2 47 0 85 Hub 0 84 Shroud 0 86 Leadingedge Tralingedge Y OK X cancel Hep 1 Selection of desired Blade shape There are 7 different types Free form 3D Ruled surface 3DI s CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH p X Eb JAS lilies T W w L e ZA EM CFturbo 10 Helical 3D The initial blade shape depends on the machine type and can be customized in the Impeller preferences 15 PUMP Radial amp Mixed flow Free form 3D O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 209 Waste water pump Free form 2D Axial Free form 3D Induce
127. ame Anderungsdatum Ty BR un a Examples 29 10 2013 17 32 D E ler curves_points Isp 06 05 2013 16 01 A 2spline l 06 05 2013 16 01 A he xyz2spline Isp 05 i amp 6 r A e D D X ps m r er E C RB Dateiname X Load e5 i Dateityp AutoCAD Apps arx cra lspdvbdbx y iai 5 A ce lu Loaded Applications History list E Add to History yu 9 File Path A Unload mn admi C e ip A C Startup Suite C Program FilestAutodeskAutoC FA E C Program Files Autodesk AutoCA a E neey Close Hel E Her E E I 4 bl f Layout Layout2 4 Command Command appload 4 Bl e i e Ela lale MODEL Aa A 7 93 pf i 0 Construction of Impeller Creating the blades Selection of xyz2spline sp file e Use the command _ oft to create surfaces from curves CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 O AutoCAD Classic Dra Drawing1 x D H G 3 amp II E c amp c 39 G La i Eb SB BB 02 og Ay Standard y 4 180 25 y Ez Standard gt 2 Sta AutoCAD Classic MERA ESE rv 23 amp O ByLayer J ByLayer y ByLayer ByColor INT i i A m 2 o El a e r4 o 2 m a DELE ALDD tEGN lt BPBEgo 14 4 gt gt I Layout 4 Layout2 Command Regenerating model Command Regenerating model m gt TESTE Te T T x Ema MODEL H EG I s 131 7 7s A
128. ans of a registered letter The O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 4 CFturbo 10 defect notification must contain a detailed description of the defects 2 Defects which cannot be detected in the context of the described appropriate inspection must be reported within 8 working days of their discovery with observance of the notification requirements specified in paragraph 1 3 In the event of the violation of the inspection and notification obligation the Software is considered to be approved with regard to the defect concerned 11 Intellectual Property Copyright The Software and all the authorized copies of this Software made by the User belong to the Licensor and are the intellectual property of the latter The Software is legally protected Insofar as it is not expressed stated in this contract the User is granted no ownership rights to the Software and all rights not expressly granted by means of this contract are reserved by the Licensor 12 Return 1 At the end of the contractual relationship the User is obliged to return all of the original data media as well as the complete documentation materials and other printed matter ceded to him The program and its documentation must be delivered to the lessor free of charge 2 The appropriate return also includes the complete and final deletion of all installation files and online documentation as well as any copies that may exist 8 The Licensor may dispense
129. atio a Sa strictly axial Diameter ratio d dg t hub const hu const mid const shroud Efficiency In panel Efficiency you have to specify several efficiencies You have to distinguish between design relevant efficiencies and efficiencies used for information only Design relevant e hydraulic efficiency e volumetric efficiency Information only e mechanical efficiency e motor efficiency The casing efficiency is used additionally for impeller dimensioning in order to compensate the flow losses in the casing O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 213 The losses resulting in energy dissipation from the fluid form the impeller efficiency Mim Ah lv Impeller casing and mechanical efficiency form the overall efficiency coupling efficiency of the stage gy When considering motor losses additionally the overall efficiency of the stage incl motor is defined St Pa P pump output see above Nst P Nim cm p Py mechanical power demand coupling driving power Ns a MM P electrical power demand of motor e The following summary illustrates the single efficiencies and their classification classification efficiencies cupa ur impeller design yes for energy NE transmission Bo yes for flow rate mechanical recta no for overall ea _ The obtainable overall efficiency correlates to specific speed and to the size and the type of the impeller as wel
130. ation and the content of the environment variables used for defining network license servers Normally Flags should not exist If available the last Error message of license checking is displayed O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 24 CFturbo 10 Type Back po Show License Information Company CFturbo Software and Engineering GmbH Used Paths C Program Files x86 CFturbo 9 CFturbo Software and Engineering GmbH lic local Configured Paths C Program Files x86 CFturbo 9 CFTURBO_LICENSE RLM_LICENSE Expires local network network Rental Rental Rental Rental Rental Rental Rental Available Available Available Available Available Available Available 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 Local license file is found and used RLM LICENSE Type sax Show License Information Company CFturbo Software and Engineering Used Paths 5053 license server Configured Paths C Program Files x86 CFturbo 9V CFTURBO LICENSE S0S3 license server Expires network local network network Days left Usage Rental Rental er Rental Rental Rental Rental Rental Available Available Available Available Available Available Available 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 03 05 2014 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 No local license file is found in p
131. be switched on or off using the icon beside the the first or last Bezier point N tangential connection non tangential connection CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Nel d The hint of the icon contains the angle of the neighboring Tangential inlet connection component for information to previous outlet 51 2 gt gt Clickto ACTIVATE Primary design For an automatic primary design of the contours the following values are used Main dimensions s dy dg dp b Inclination angle g of trailing edge to horizontal see Approximation functions 43 Inclination angle e of hub and shroud to vertical see Approximation functions 45 Axial extension pumps ventilators according to a Guelich turbines according to b Lindner compressor according to c Aungier In some cases where the hub diameter d is quite small compared to the impeller diameter d for compressors the average of a and b is applied instead of c O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 279 b Az d d 2 c Az a ooa 4 0 023 E 58 e H Point 1 is primary placed at 3 4 of the axial distance of points 0 and 2 point 3 at 2 3 of the radial distance of points 2 and 4 The manipulation of the contours can be achieved by shifting the positions of the Bezier points As an alternative the position of Bezier points can be realized by input of numerical values see Graphical dialogs 43 Traili
132. c speed values ng 400 do occur one can reduce rotational speed n or flow rate Q if feasible Another option would be to operate several single stage machines having a lower nq in parallel Please note CFturbo is preferably used between 10 lt nq lt 400 radial mixed flow and axial impellers O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Possible warnings Energy transmission of all impellers deviates from globally defined value The sum of energy transmission defined for each Check and adapt the energy transmission of the impeller deviates from the globally defined value impellers see Main dimensions 199 to get in Global setup altogether 100 of the initially defined value of the Global setup 6 2 1 3 Performance prediction 2 Project Project Performance prediction L3 The Performance prediction is an empirical based estimation of the performance map of the machine Currently it is not available for axial turbines Please note This is an estimation The actual performance may differ from the prediction O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Bl Performance prediction og PLEASE NOTE Information The curves are based on simple empirical estimations Deviation from design point data is possible In reality experimental performance data E 2 of complete turbomachinery stages or CFD results may differ from the values shown in this diagram Design point Efficiencies Othe
133. ce NENNEN Makrobibliotheken Bibliothekstyp Z3 verzeichnisse b H Aktuelle Bibliotheken n vorhandene Bibliothek hinzuf gen Neue Bibliothek erzeugen SchlieBen e Select macro library and execute macro 6 2 1 4 4 5 Creo Parametric PTC Inc The following files are exported by CFturbo for impellers e hub ibl shroud ibl points of hub and shroud e profile ibl points for blade profiles e ibl all points for hub shroud and blades The following files are exported by CFturbo for volutes e contour line ibl spiral contour points e section closed ibl points for all spiral cut water and closed diffuser sections e section open ibl points for all open diffuser sections Import of curves 1 Home New Part O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH KN CFturbo 10 a e E File Home Cis Za i st Select Working Erase Not Directory Displayed Data Ba h Common Folders lil in Session rea Desktop ge My Documents Bg Svq moon Es Working Directory eR Network Neighborhood l Manikin Library x Favorites gt Folder Tree QE le Model System Play Display Colors Settings Y Trail File Utilities Y Sketch Part Assembly Manufacturing Drawing Format Report Diagram Notebook Markup itcm ao Name Common Name Y Use default template Sub type Solid Sheetmetal Bulk
134. ces of the solids CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Visualization errors Visualization errors and artifacts can often be resolved by updating the graphic card driver 7 3 Report The report shows the most important information about the design in a tabular style In the tree the project information and the global setup parameters are listed prior to the components Tree elements containing sub elements can be collapsed and expanded Meridian 3D Model Components Parameter Symbol Unit PROJECT global E 57 Information Project type FileName Title Classification Employee Comment Creation date Last modification TY Global setup E Design Point Mass flow Revolutions Additional casing effi Specific work Specific speed EU Power output Rotation direction Swirl number Flow rate Total pressure differ Head t Fluid properties t 1 Radial Impeller gt E Main dimensions G Setup Unshrouded impeller L Gnlitter hladas kg s min m2 s 88 7258 kw E Im h bar Im rgpos Value Value 2 Pump C daten CFturbo d 2002 05 01 2014 01 23 125 88 1770 100 294 3 37 0 Right 454 2 9377 3 a Information v Licensed for CFturbo The buttons of the Report tab on the ribbon have the following function m Save report as HTML RTF CSV or TXT Nu e Copy the
135. ch are automatically converted into each other Rotor Stator Interface Rotor Stator Interface RSI at impeller outlet can be defined in the CFD Setup seal of the impeller otherwise it s located directly on the impeller outlet Flow direction angle Beside the geometrical information the flow direction is an important interface property The flow direction at the component inlet is defined by the flow direction at the outlet of the upstream component predecessor Outlet flow direction of a component is determined by its blade or by constant swirl for vaneless components O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH e CFturbo 10 2 3 2 The first component of the project has no predecessor and gets the flow direction information from pre swirl definition in the Global setupl 7 Possible warnings Intersection between interface and geometry Check interface definition of the component detected 2 neighboring components are not matching on Check both sides components of the interface their interface if the hub and shroud points are identical On the inlet interface if the previous component is an impeller then the outlet extension ss3 of this impeller can cause the problem On the outlet interface if this component is an impeller then the outlet extensionl ses can cause the problem Automatic calculations Some component design steps contain automatic calculations V Automatic Currently these are e Impell
136. chments 10 of d for 1 blade 5 of d for more blades The rest of the blade has smaller thickness of 30 relative to the max thickness at leading edge Inducer pumps have very low thickness values at leading edge to improve suction performance 6 10 of normal blade thickness 3 Specification of incidence angle on blade leading edge deviation from shockless inflow on panel 81 Incidence from ratio Q for shockless inflow Q for Ra Qshockiess Age max efficiency fully automatic by theory of WIESNER adapted by Aungier 3 Or Or directly by incidence angle i directly by incidence angle i RQ 100 or i20 for shockless inflow i20 for shockless inflow Or from ratio of incidence angle i blade angle For inducers there is an additional check if the incidence is 1 even for high flow rates overload to prevent pressure side cavitation O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller aot 4 Estimation of slip velocity in panel 2 Deviation flow blade You have to use one of the following slip models WIESNERT 5 3 theory closed empirical model AUNGIER 3 theory closed empirical model extended Wiesner model PFLEIDERER theory input of coefficient a User defined manual selection of angular deviation B B resp velocity ratio Cu Cio GUELICHs 21 theory for waste water pumps only specific slip model for waste water pump design the radius of leading edge varies fr
137. coefficient y is defined O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 313 8 3 1 2 2 Outlet triangle The outlet triangle is determined by geometrical dimensions of flow channel and selected blade angle op The blade angle 4 strongly affects the transmission of energy in the impeller therefore it has to be chosen very carefully Similar to the inlet the velocity triangles in cross sections 2 and 3 are different due to blockage of the flow channel by blades q in section 2 C tanp 2 Wu Cm2 Cm3T2 A uv nd S q4 2 with t 2 0 o t 0 Z sinB gt g xl Cm3 Q ndjb Wuz 42 Cu2 H u nd n o ii 2 _Y m u 17 8 if Cu u jj 2 Y i from Y u C 3 u4C o Nh Ca C For determination of it is important to be aware about the deviation between flow angle and blade angle The direction of the relative flow w at impeller outlet does not follow exactly with the blade contour at angle 4 The flow angle is always smaller than blade angle due to the slip velocity This difference is called deviation angle O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ara CFturbo 10 Bos E B2 The deviation angle should not exceed 10 14 in order to limit increased turbulence losses by asymmetric flow distribution A reduced flow angle results in smaller circumferential component of absolute speed cp which is according to Euler s
138. configured in Preferences Settings General AN 7ww Copyright 2015 PA pea Tm Y Close U _ CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Ed Update check can be executed automatically This can be configured in Preferences General 155 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 7 Views Views 167 CFturbo offers 3 alternative views on the project in the central part of the main window The view can be selected by the buttons underneath the ribbons es e Meridian e The diagram with the meridional view of the components gives an overview of the project and enables quick access to the components and the Interfaces 38 in between e 3D Modell 71 Shows the whole project as a 3D model e Report ses Presents a tabular view on the project information and the parameters of the components down to design step level Mixed flow pump cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 O PROJECT IMPELLER STATOR PREFERENCES HELP ag X D P F Import 3D geometry V Active x Reference components 112 Rename Project Global Performance Export a Undo Add Remove information setup prediction Hide messages component Delete design steps Project J L Selected Component 3D Model Report Components radial coordinate r mm KA 5 z mm axial coordinate ae Tae Cet aan a a IES ER Cm ar FE El AS JO TO JA em Foe Ty ES E E SEO ER i 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 67 9 26 5 100 v f Reference components
139. constraints 130 Base radius RB 30 mm Corner radius RC 20 mm 120 110 1 100 90 Reference components Iv x Configure v Show intermediate sections A 4 10 2 40 s 6 70 80 90 10 10 130 2 155 9 100 F Debug v OK X Cancel Help Sections The table contains the cross section definitions at least 1 cross section Each cross section is defined by e the circumferential position angle e de activation by selecting the checkbox on the left side at least 1 cross section has to be active e cross section type on the left side e optional cross section type on the right side or symmetric The section definition is running in the range 0 lt lt 360 The section at 0 is flat always therefore a section definition at this position makes no sense Between 2 neighboring cross section definitions a smooth transition is realized If only a single section is defined then this definition is used for all circumferential positions O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 408 CFturbo 10 The following cross section types are available Rectangular most simple cross section shape cannot be achieved in cast parts only sensible for low specific speeds since otherwise the cross section becomes too large Trapezoid cannot be achieved in cast parts the angle Scan be specified results in a flatter cross section than a rectangular cross section with less intense secondary flow Round symme
140. could result in the following error message while importing in TurboGrid Error extending the shroud tip line Try reducing the Tip expansion factor value Two options are available to increase this region a moving the leading trailing edge in meridional contour The edge has not to be fixed on inlet outlet 270 This option incurs a geometrical modification b activating a CFD extension at inlet for radial or mixed flow turbine impellers or outlet for the rest of impellers in CFD setup Extension ssl This option does not incur a geometrical modification of the component but of the neighboring one if exists 6 2 1 4 4 10 Simerics In addition to the STL Parameters o9 three export options are available Parameters x Triangulation Min element length 0 25 mm 10 sy 10 Max element length 2o mm a Granularity Moderate M Files STL write mode Binary v 8 Export all files O Export only configuration file O Export only STL files Y OK XCance 2 Help Export all files Configuration file spro and STL files are exported Export only configuration file STL files are not exported This option is useful if only the configuration file is desired because the STL files are already available This saves time because the geometry does not have to be triangulated Export only STL files The configuration file is not exported This option is useful e g if STL files for some but not all components
141. cted a text file containing a user defined progression can be imported Text file format O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH cross section distribution start end tangential midsection linear 00 0 00000 04 0 01728 08 0 03830 12 0 06368 16 0 09404 20 0 13000 24 0 17164 28 0 21687 32 0 26314 36 0 31018 40 0 36000 44 0 41404 48 0 47102 52 0 52898 56 0 58596 60 0 64000 64 0 68982 68 0 73686 T2 0 78313 76 0 82836 80 0 87000 84 0 90596 88 0 93632 92 0 96170 96 0 98272 00 1 00000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pi FO 0 oO Cc 0 00 0000 Q Q 000000000 All lines starting with a symbol are comments All other lines contain the numerical values spline interpolation 9 points x and y coordinate values can be separated by comma semicolon space or tabulator Dot character is required to be used as decimal separator Values are imported in the currently active units of the diagram axes The file can have any or no filename extension A sample file can be generated by right clicking the progression curve and selecting Save polyline 2 6 Edit fields with empirical functions Some edit fields are connected with empirical functions 45 This becomes visible when activating the edit field by mouse click Default vps Mouse over CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Default appeara
142. ction is defined by radius or cross section area the distribution by Radius or Area progression Set Progression 46 Cut water compensation Cut water is available for external volutes only For internal volutes the cut water is a result of intersection of spiral and diffuser Some initial cut water parameters can be specified in the Cut water section Inner radius Fa Thickness e Compensation q Informative see Inlet 400 radial diffusers ra is the inlet radius of the volute and or outlet radius of Thickness of the cut water at the start of the volute for compensation Angle above which cut water correction begins standard The cut water does disturb the flow since the cross section of the flow is narrowed suddenly by the thickness of the cut water To weaken this negative influence the cut water can be corrected This is achieved by assuming that from the angle q the inner radius r increases linearly to a value of r e at the end cross section of the volute This results in larger volute cross sections in this area so that the narrowing of flow caused by the cut water becomes less significant By clicking on Default you can return to the standard values for the cut water O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 10 3 3 Additional views The following information can be displayed in the spiral dialog using the Additional views button Informational values 3D Previe
143. ctive component Predefined 3D model export Point based export or geometry elements as configured in the active Model state 3D model export are exported Depending on the export interface a selection of the components to export can either be done using the ModelState attribute 3D model export or the ExportComponent s subelement Predefined 3D model export Point based export For details about the supported selection options for the specific interface see Project Export 85 Attribute Value optiona Description I CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Name Export ExportInte e g General rface WorkingDir existing path BaseFileNa filename me ModelState existing mode state gt AllCompone empty nts no no yes yes yes yes Name of action Export interface to use The following values are valid AutoCAD BatchTemplate BREP Catia General GeneralXML IGES Inventor NumecaAG NumecalGG PerformanceData Pointwise PumpLinx Report SolidWorks StarCCM STL TetraVolMesh VistaTF Folder for exported files File name without extension Model state to select for export Select all components for export Note Only components which are supported by the export interface will be exported The ExportComponent s subelement is a list of components that should be exported The list is created when the batch mode template for the project is created and should be modified on
144. cumentation The supplied original data media as well as the backup copies must be stored in a location protected against the unauthorized access of third parties The employees of the User must be explicitly encouraged to observe these contractual conditions as well as the provisions of copyright law 6 Additional duplications also including the printing out of the program code on a printer must not be created by the User The copying and the handover or transfer of the user manual to third parties O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 456 CFturbo 10 is not permitted 5 Multiple Use and Networks 1 The User may use the Software on any hardware available to him provided that this hardware is appropriate for the use according to the Software documentation In the event of changing the hardware the Software must be erased from the previously used hardware 2 The simultaneous reading in storage or use on more than one hardware device is not permitted unless the User has acquired multiple use licences or network licences Should the User wish to use the Software on multiple hardware configurations at the same time for example to permit the use of the Software by several employees he must purchase the corresponding number of licences 3 The use of the ceded Software on different computers on a network or another multiple workstation computer system is permitted provided that the User has purchased multiple use licences
145. d power line can be peor P AHpecr P cl 0 intersection with parallel to the Euler Line as well as positioned that Euler Line at Ap 0 way that it intersects the Euler Line at Ap 0 cl Decreased cl 1 parallel position power H Based on the Euler Line including the decreased Hydraulic power minus the losses due to friction Yields a losses downwards opened parabola that touches the Flow factor that decreased power curve at Q 0 considers the geometry of the component inlet and outlet Includes all the effects listed above plus turbulence area and separation losses at the inlet and outlet Yields a Turbulence downwards opened parabola It touches the curve in and which decreased power and hydraulic losses are separation considered in the point of shockless flow Qoor Here the flow direction is tangential towards the leading edge The display of resulting performance curves can be toggled by the check box All performance curves vp display options lower corner in the left In case the curves are to be hidden only the actual performance curve red color considering all losses will be visible A loss coefficient that describes the hydraulic losses can be calculated by pressing Calculate in a way that as a result the actual performance curve red of the flow efficiency will go through the best point For this calculation the ratio between the loss coefficients is important This ratio ct can
146. d user manual Client setup Auto Configuration CFturbo is able to automatically detect running license servers in the network No further configuration is needed on client side if the detection succeeds If the client is not able to find the license server it has to be configured using the environment variable O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH NE The detection relies on the client being in the same network broadcast subnet like the license server and a default configuration of the license server For further details see RepriseLM end user manual Setting the environment variable The Windows environment variable CFTURBO_LICENSE is used to identify the location of the license server It is set to lt port gt lt host gt lt port gt port of the license server for connection between client and server host host name of the license server machine name or IP address The default port if not configured in the server license file on the SERVER or HOST line is 5053 Example CFTURBO_LICENSE 5053 rlmhost Multiple license servers are separated by semicolon CFTURBO_LICENSE 5053 rlmhost 5053 rlmhost2 For details about how to set environment variables please consult your IT department or the Windows documentation e g http support microsoft com kb 310519 2 13 Show license information Current license information are displayed here The company name is for information only Path is the license file loc
147. data points for the 3D seldom model see Model settings s7s Eliminating errors during surface generation For eliminating errors during surface generation there exist the following possibilities e try a different number of data points for the 3D model see Impeller 57 or Volute Settings 443 e try a different display resolution see Model display top 73 The pictures illustrate the possible influence of point density on the surface generation of the blade Surface display errors It may occur that a surface is not displayed although it exists O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH You can recognize such cases by selecting the surface in the model tree and choosing a high number of isocurves see Model display top 73 Normally choosing another resolution see Model display top 73 solves this problem The orange iso curves lute Preferences 3D Model 3DModel Blades Repot Help ke connate system C Rotateimeler Pont 3 gt BORRERO A acivate icon Pn show how the surface Y Show scale C Curve width 2 Mc Ye BE Background color 7 Resolution Show clipping plane Za looks like a Settings Clipping Go E Slow 3D model If the handling of the 3D model is very slow normally an update of the graphic card driver is helpful If problems occur in connection with the graphic card sometimes an unsteady mesh is displayed on the fa
148. de E O shape is displayed compared to the currently specified s 22 258 07 aa 214 oo calculated angles Deviations from default values are marked 1 NM in red color Default blade angles are calculated based on SA Shockless inflow for B at blade leading edge Euler equation for B at blade trailing edge i Sor e angle values re ean line a e blade For some simplified blade shapes the blade angles of some sections result from the mean line design see Blade angles Auto 02 If the mean line design already exists in the component then these dependent angles are calculated automatically for information otherwise the table cells remain empty r mm 155 4 Meridian The Meridian with the locations of the spans is displayed in this diagram Radial element blades For Radial element blades the number of spans is fixed to 11 Furthermore a Distribution exponent can be specified This exponent has influence on the distribution of spans and herewith especially on the shape of the leading edge as turbine For highly spatial curved blades the continuity of the blade surface can be influenced by this parameter Distribution exponent Impact Distribution exponent 1 1 spans uniformly distribut default Distribution exponent 0 8 lt Spans concentrated to shroud Distribution exponent i s gt 1 Spans concentrated to hub O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 206 CFturbo 10 8 3 1 1 Bl
149. del finishing has failed Possible warnings Model finishing currently NOT up to date Model finishing was not executed yet Open Model finishing s781 and click OK therefore the 3D model is not up to date Very low number of spans Increase the number of spans l up to at least 4 Solid trimming is not supported for ML to ML Change segment typel s segment type Solid trimming is not possible if the blade Change blade design so that it fits into exceeds the meridional boundaries caused by meridional boundaries e g change Blade edges the blade thickness Fillets are not supported if solid trimming is not possible CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 362 CFturbo 10 Fillets on shroud are not supported for II unshrouded designs Leading edge very near to inlet Change Meridional contour zs Move leading edge towards outlet Inlet nearly tangential to hub or shroud Change Meridional contour 28 Avoid tangentiality 3D Error Finishing failed Fusing solids Fusing of real geometry with CFD Setup Increase the number of spans s components Extension or RSI Connection failed or MM oe RSI Connection from CFD Setup sss 3D Error Blade projection to RSI failed Projection of blade to RSI Extension failed Change CFD Setupl sa Modify Extension or remove Blade projection 3D Error Blade tip projection to casing failed Projection of blade to casing shroud failed Change CFD Setup
150. design File Open Save Save as a Ae CFturbo projects are saved as CFT files XML file format A list of recently used files is available by selecting the menu File Recent projects Alternatively you can select the design directly from the list Open Recent Project if no design is opened see Start 54 The user can modify the filename by the Save as function in order to save modified designs under different file names CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 6 2 6 2 1 PROJECT A project can consist of several components see Project structure and interfaces 38 All components can be designed separately whereas they influence each other on the interfaces due to geometrical constraints and fluidic coupling Ay PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELP E X LA m Es Import 3D geometry ella A Active Reference components 12 Rename Project Global Performance Export x Undo Add Remove information setup prediction 3 Hide messages component Delete design steps Project Selected Component J The Project menu contains those actions that are related to the whole project group Project 70 or to the currently selected component group Selected Component 10 Project The group Project contains all those actions that are related to the whole project E X A mM E import 3D geometry m Reference components Project Global Performance Export 7 Hide messages information setup prediction
151. dge this option requires a readjustment of the main blade Mean lines only The blade geometry of the splitter is designed using the mean lines of the main blade The advantage of this option is a higher flexibility in design of a curved leading edge of the splitter depends on the number of mean lines The following pictures illustrate the combination of different options splitter is rotated into the main blade for illustration Splitter linked to Main Blade 2 spans Exact adjusts main blade Main and Splitter are using identic rulings The splitter leading edge is influencing the rulings and therefore the main blade e Splitter linked to Main Blade 2 spans Mean lines only Main and splitter are using their own rulings The splitter is guided by the hub and shroud mean lines of the main blade only The resulting splitter shape can slightly deviate from the main blade O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 306 CFturbo 10 e Splitter linked to Main Blade e 5 spans Mean lines only The splitter is guided by all 5 mean lines of the main blade The resulting splitter shape is following the main blade and can have a curve leading edge but it s no more a ruled surface NOT Splitter linked to Main Blade e 5 spans Main and splitter are using their own rulings There is no coupling between splitter and main blade The splitter shape can highly deviate from the main blade 8 3 1 1 2 Rad
152. djusted carefully O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH The number of blades of impeller and stator has to be coordinated carefully in order to minimize pressure Number of blades pulsation and therefore mechanical load and noise emission Impeller Stator Interference Impeller blades zl The number of impeller blades is defined and fixed by the impeller otherwise it s an input value Stator blades zil recommended 8 10 The number of stator blades can be modified and should be EE one of the recommended ones m Iva nail According to the number of blades z different pressure M vil fields are generated in the impeller and the stator which E 1 4 are moving relative to each other and are characterized by 1 14 the periodicity p 1 3 24 2 1 ae e impeller periodicity p viz 2 2 8 e stator periodicity Pi Es 2 3 18 v integer multiplier 3 1 8 3 2 RE The interference of both pressure fields cannot be 3 3 12 calculated exactly But most important for the resulting pressure field is the difference of both periodicities Minimum m value m 0 not allowed m p Py vi 21 Vi zy m 1 not allowed for vi 1 2 m 2 unfavorable but acceptable Y OK XCancel Y Help The following recommendations should be kept e m 0 impeller and stator blade count have shared integer multipliers should be avoided in each case because high pressure pulsation can be generated here m 1 sho
153. due to length of cone part and circular arc on top main radius R radius of main circular arc on top CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 10 2 4 Internal cross sections Internal volutes are limited in its radial and axial extensions see gray lines in the picture A Cross section zo i Cross sections illustrate the general cross section shape The radial extension is assumed Radial scaling 2 zi for illustration only EMEN b Add section Delete section a d xh ZA R orl Left Shroud Right Hub 1 jr mm 36 C internal not available 340 320 7 4 300 280 260 1 Section properties 240 1 Neck width la mm o Inner bend shape x 220 m Outer bend shape w 200 4 Bend area ratio 1 03 180 160 140 129 Reference components 4 I x Configure Show intermediate sections Th Show selected section only 93 9 228 2 100 E Debug 420 v Ok X cen Help The additional bend can be described by the following parameters Neck width side distance from volute inlet to actual volute cross sections Inner bend shape shape of the inner bend wall semiaxis ratio for quarter bend Outer bend shape shape of the outer bend wall ratio of outlet to inlet section of the bend O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 10 3 Spiral development areas Volute Spiral development areas QJ V
154. dules Exserwose Help Select All Select Al Rows Re set Default Topology Generate Flow Paths Generate 828 Generate ees A ila CE SE SPOF ELE MERKI alem Add a Row at the Outlet of the Channel echno Effects Geometry Definition Edi Hub Edt Shroud Edit Nozz Channel Control Check Meridional Curves Import Geometry File Import and Link CAD Units Mesh Control Number of Grid Points 264309 Grid Level C Coarse Medium C Fine C UserTarger www y T Detailed Control Row Mesh Control Active B2B Layer Enter gt gt E Y z Add a Row in the Configuration View Es Grid r9 lali e Select geomTurbo file 7 AutoGrid5 8 10 2 Project undefined o LI Ji Row Definition File Geometry View Grid Tools Modules EpertMode Help Select All Selec s ROG EXGERAR SIGNE Re set Default Topology Generate Flow Paths Generate B28 Generate 3D Add ZR Effect Add 3D Effect 3 B B ZEE llosa Row Control 3 ES e c e FT Add Row amp Row List amp row0 gt Meridional Techno Effects MERIDIONAL Geometry Definition Edit Hub Edit Shroud Edit Nozzle Channel Control Check Meridional Curves Import Geometry File Units Import and Link CAD Mesh Control Number of Grid Points 678558 Grid Level C Coarse Medium C Fine C UserTarget 300000 E I Detailed Control Re set
155. e for each blade profile Beta1 Blade 1 gt 3 Splitter blade angles at leading edge 1 sp for each blade profile Spl lt Beta2 Blade 1 gt Splitter blade angles at trailing edge 2 Spl for each blade profile lt s1 Blade 0 gt Main blade thickness on small radius LE Hub Shroud lt s2 Blade 0 gt Main blade thickness on large radius TE Hub Shroud lt s1 Blade 1 gt Splitter blade thickness on small radius LE Hub Shroud lt s2 Blade 1 gt Splitter blade thickness on large radius LE Hub Shroud lt inc_RQ gt Incidence flow ratio Q_shockless Q BEP Hub Shroud Mean lines lt SkeletonLines gt lt RelativeSplitterPosition gt Splitter trailing edge position tangential between neighboring main blades lt Bezier3SL gt m t Bezier control points to modify wrap angle and blade shape lt BezierBetaSL gt Bezier points of distribution for indirect modification of blade shape Blade profiles lt BladeProfiles gt lt BezFillProf Name MBI gt Blade thickness distribution along main blade profiles Bezier curves for pressure amp suction CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH A E lt BezFillProf Name SBI gt Blade thickness distribution along splitter blade profiles Bezier curves for pressure amp suction side PS SS 1 Make sure that main dimensions are not calculated automatically see impeller main dimensions 2 1 to make these va
156. e 3D model export Predefined 3D model export and Point based export 3D model export Predefined 3D model Point based export export Format IGES STEP STL BREP Tetrahedral volume mesh ANSA Pointwise ICEM CFD PumpLinx All the rest SimericsMP e E predefined set of points Content ca oi pans onhe sb gba or parts at splines independent of the 3D model Pon variable variable variable 2 density Point density can be configured in the Model settings 3D model of each component Impeller s3i 376 Pea Volutel s5 2 Point density and export unit can be configured in the Model settings Point export of each component Impeller s7s Stator ses Volutel 445 If the blade shapel 2 21 is ruled surface then points of mean lines as well as profiles pressure and suction side are not affected by the model settings s73 for the point based export Please note The results of surface based operations e g fillets cannot be exported to point based formats Remarks about the 3D model export It is recommended to export solids or solid faces if they are available because then the individual faces best fit to each other Particularly this is the only sensible option after solid trimming has been done during Model finishing za Components The list contains all components of the project If the interface supports multi component export then you can select multiple components otherwise only a single one For 3D
157. e can be opened 25 Cr Mo 4 21 2 c60 25 0 34 Cr Mo 4 25 0 30 Mn 5 30 0 16 Mn Cr5 30 0 37 Mn SiS 35 5 34 Cr Ni Mo 6 42 5 40 rwo anc OK saves all changes y OK Cancel Help To consider a higher load e g due to operating conditions away from the design point a safety factor SF may be specified leading to a modified proposed shaft diameter d ds eov SF n n The hub diameter d is usually selected as small as possible and depends on the kind of connection of hub and shaft Meridional contour Impeller Meridional contour c The design of the meridional contour is the second important step to design the impeller Graphical elements can be manipulated not only by the computer mouse per drag and drop but also by using context menus To this end a right click on the appropriate element is necessary Doing so the mode of the leading edge can be changed as well as the coordinates of Bezier points for O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH example m H 27 e tonearm O zona E rones EAT Design mode 4 radial coordinate 2 Hub Shroud Middle r mm Hub Shroud coupled v Trailing edge fixed on outlet Reference designs V visible x Configure z mm axial coordinate _ Flow fat m w cm surfaces 5 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125 135 145 155 165 175 185 195 xe E Hep
158. e computed variables in accordance to the actual state of design the resulting Meridional section s as well as the Cordier Diagramml ssi with the location of the best point These three sections can be chosen by the appropriate soft buttons in the heading In the information section of the tab sheet Dimensions the following variables are displayed for Information Work coefficient Flow coefficient O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EN CFturbo 10 Meridional flow coefficient 1 Abn Diameter coefficient 8 1 054 d L Specific speed na different unit definitions see Preferences fis Inlet pressure density and temperature D Tj p Pe Te 41 static and total values Inlet velocities Cy Cu Cg Wy Peripheral speed at inlet Up m Machine Mach number Blade width at inlet Outlet pressure density and temperature Po To o Pio Tio 19 static and total values Outlet velocities Co C o Cmo Wo Peripheral speed at outlet C Outlet Ma Number Mean diameter at outlet Width at outlet O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 251 Ratio Width diameter at inlet guideline 0 05 0 15 Diameter ratio guideline 1 005 1 05 Ratio radius width at outlet guideline 1 005 1 05 The guidelines given in the last column of the last three rows should be matched within the design The Meridional preview is based on the main dimensions designed until this point Values Meridian Co
159. e different input parameters are required see below CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EN CFturbo 10 Setup amp Inlet Inlet details Information Values Meridian Xp Set default Schematic sketch for illustration only v Automatic fit view r Volute type r mm 8 Single volute Double volute M r Design flow rate Volumetric efficiency nv es 23 Na Pd Flow factor Faf m Spiral inlet Inlet diameter din Bs mm 29 Inlet width bin 10 5 mm 27 z mm 5 2 2 6 Y o xc Hep CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Outlet definition ES Outlet details Information Values Meridian Xy Set default Schematic sketch for illustration only v Automatic fit view Volute type pe r mm 8 Single volute C Double volute 30 Design flow rate Volumetric efficiency nv 100 Flow factor Faf 28 e Spiral outlet Outlet diameter dOut 54 mm Outlet width bout 7 mm Flow angle a 1s z 24 z mm 0 5 15 3 5 n5 ES v OK X Cancel 2 Help Volute type e Single volute default This simple type is commonly used and has a single cut water e Double volute A second cut water splitter is designed in order to reduce the radial forces Design flow rate e Volumetric efficiency default 1 0 to consider any internal volumetric losses recirculation e Flow factor F default 1 0 for over dimensioning particularly for better efficienc
160. e flow m h m min m s ft h ft s gom gps Density kg m Ib ft Stress MPa PSI Pressure MPa PSI bar Pa mm H 0 in H 0 ft H O Power kW hp Mass flow kg s b s Temperature C K F Area mm m in Velocity m s ft s Dynamic viscosity Pa s cP Kinematic viscosity m s ft s Ratio 96 Revolutions min s You can simultaneously change all units to SI or US system by pressing the buttons above O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 4 6 2 Specific speed Here the specific speed definition can be selected This definition is mainly used for the Approximation functions MaA The definitions mainly differ in the units used for rotational speed flow rate and energy transmission Following definitions are available Units ES These physical units are used to display the values in ifi i 1 1 o General specific speed n dimensionless General P q n n q y3 4 n Eat Bus o 5 CUIDA En E ns asa ng e Type number dimensionless y s Revolutions n min per minute n v2 Flow rate Q m s Cubic meter sec v 5 N 2nn y 3 4 Head H m Meter X oe e Speed coefficient Factor on dimensionless value 332 58 o 2 Q 2 ee a am Radia Mixed flow Axia 10 40 40 140 140 400 European definition na amis lm s ng n min lump e US definition N Q gpm N n rpm gp i Y Close P Help H ft e Asian definition na 3 Imin 12 enim E TET
161. e of the blade CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 342 CFturbo 10 8 3 3 1 Additional views The following information Additional V v can be displayed in the z niis m blade profile dialog using Informational values the Additional views 3D Previ button ree v Blade passage area v Bladeto blade v Profile distance Informational values Some additional values are displayed for information e Actual thickness at hub and shroud e Target thickness at leading and trailing edge of hub and shroud respectively 3D Preview 3D modell 72 of the currently designed blades The 3D Preview contains the blades Blade passage area Area that is approximately perpendicularly flown through and formed by hub shroud and two neighboring blades Blade to blade O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 33 Two neighboring blades in m t co ordinates In display options Mm the span to be displayed can be selected Profile distance Distance of two neighboring blades in m t co ordinates For axial machines with a coaxial meridian this gives a good impression of the de facto distance distribution 8 3 3 2 Converting Polyline Bezier r1 EJ Se genta n I xm Any existing thickness distribution IERI sa PR i n E can be converted to a Bezier curve E 1 for further modifications Polyline to Bezier gt Load po
162. e shape In general the mean lines are represented by 3rd order Bezier curves Using the context menu of the mean lines Bezier curves can be fitted from polylines Moreover the curve mode can be switched to polyline to use a user defined polyline directly A 12m A e Bezier curve Polyline A Save polyline AG Reset CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 32 CFturbo 10 TE E 4 Bezier curve J e Polyline e Load ti a Save polyline Te Reset A Constraints are e Meridional extension dm see Meridional contour zsa e Start angle q Wrap angle Ap Start angle o defines the starting point of the mean lines The absolute value is irrelevant only the position of the mean lines to each other can be influenced If all mean lines have the same starting point then the leading edge starts on the same angular position on all mean lines radial leading edge On panel Leading edge points you can select if the position of points O of the mean lines is Constant Linear or User defined Wrap angle Ap can be specified numerically for inner hub and outer shroud mean line in between the values are interpolated For continuous transition between the separate mean lines blade surface the matching points of each mean line have to be Coupled linear If you deactivate this option then you can modify all mean lines independently inclusive individual wrap angles Aq O CFturbo Software amp
163. e view after data import Creating the open part of volute geometry 1 Command loft 2 Select profile curves to loft part by part starting with the open one 3 Enter an option Guides Path Cross sections only Cross sections only cross sections only O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 108 CFturbo 10 i Loft Settings Surface control at cross sections Ruled 9 Smooth Fit Start continuity Gl End continuity Gl Normal to Draft angles Start angle 90 End angle 90 Close surface or solid Periodic smooth ends Start bulge magnitude 0 5 End bulge magnitude 0 5 Start magnitude 0 End magnitude Cancel Help Settings for lofted surface 4 Repeat steps 1 to 4 for remaining parts of the volute 6 2 1 4 4 4 CATIA Dassault Syst mes The data import is realized by a macro that is created for each geometry individually by CFturbo The macro is loaded and executed in Inventor Open the macro dialog e Tools Makro Makros or lt Alt gt lt F8 gt e Select an existing macro library or Create a new macro library lt Makrobibliotheken gt add directory which contains the macro files created in CFturbo Vorhandene Bibliothek hinzuf gen O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Aktuelle Makrobibliothek oder aktuelles Dokument E Product1 CATProduct Makrobibliotheken verf gbare Makros Wme sr
164. eady as possible If the impeller has Unlinked splitter blades see Blade Unlinked splitter blade properties 292 then you can specify the behavior of the Behavior of splitter when mein blade ts changing splitter in case the main blade is changing C Fixed relative position e Rel position to main blade is fixed Fixed absolute position Abs position of splitter blade is fixed The Frontal view switch above the diagram represents the designed mean lines in a frontal view including diameters d and d Some more blade information is displayed in tables and diagrams in order to check the design and for informational purposes e Additional s2Views s2 The blade lean angle can be manipulated only indirectly CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 322 CFturbo 10 Blade lean anglel 223 Possible warnings Blade angles B1 B2 and meridional tangential blade extension could result in an extreme blade shape The values of the blade angles B1 B2 and In theses cases the blade is highly curved or the meridional and tangential blade extension has a S shape To design a reasonable blade most likely result in an abnormal or strange the wrap angle has to be not too low and not too blade shape high To avoid any subsequent problems such mean You can line shapes are blocked a modify the blade wrap angle checking the blade overlapping or b modify the blade angles B1 and B2 probably the main dimensions have to be
165. eamline amp Supplier Content Q9 IdeaStation Eg Customize Macros gt V Links When you access the Visual Basic Editor for the first time it creates an empty macro file Default ivb Macros placed into this file load on startup Press F1 for more help Open file open dialog by File Import File and select bas macro file possibly a new project has to be created File New Project i File Edit View Insert Format Debug Run Tools Add Ins Window Help i New Project Load Project Unload Project Save As Save C Users Public Documents Autodesk Inventor 2014Default ivb Ctri S Export File Remove i Print X Close and Return to Autodesk Inventor Compressor VB Fies fm bas cis e Execute imported macro Run Run Macro F5 close dialog by Run CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 127 25 Microsoft Visual Basic for Applications CNUsers Public Documents Autodesk Inventor 201A Default vb Srm File Edit View Insert Format Debug Run Tools Add Ins Window Help EE Ad X 3m 15 C loa a LSE 109 E Project ApplicationProject a ES 5 8 ApplicationProject CAL ject C The time for executing depends on the complexity of the geometry rine a keyword or phrase
166. eated default file lt filename gt fil control data file lt filename gt con geometry data file lt filename gt geo aerodynamic data file lt filename gt aer correlation data file lt filename gt cor Run compiled executable version of the Vista TF code Exported files need to be in the same folder than the executable file ICEM CFD ANSYS This interface is supporting the script solution CFturbo2ICEM for automated meshing of CFturbo geometries Detailed information can be found on the CFturbo website The button Set parameters opens the Export ICEM CFDI 31 dialog for defining meshing parameters These settings are saved in the tinXML file whereas the geometry is transferred by a stp file For more information about using CFturbo2ICEM please see the available documentation O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 100 CFturbo 10 6 2 1 4 4 Specifics The following topics contain specific information about how to import the geometry designed by CFturbo into some CAE applications e AutoCAD Autodesk Inc e Inventor Autodesk Inc 3 e CATIA Dassault Syst mes 108 AutoGrid NUMECA International 124 e Creo Parametric PTC Inc 109 e ICEM CFD ANSYS 53 e STL 6 2 1 4 4 1 STL Some parameters are available via Set parameters to influence the quality resolution of the STL geometry Parameters x Triangulation Min element length 0 25 mm 1 vio Max el
167. eck the resulting blade shape and avoid high all spans exceeds the warning level The blade angle differences on spans if possible resulting blade could be highly twisted A B1 2 leading trailing edge is higher than error level Blade angle difference highest lowest value at Decrease the blade angle differences on spans all spans exceeds the error level Blade design based on these extreme values makes no sense 8 3 1 2 1 Inlet triangle The inlet triangle is defined by inflow parameters and geometrical dimensions on leading edge Between inlet area and leading edge the swirl is constant because transmission of energy from rotating impeller to fluid occurs in blade area only Cross sections 0 and 1 see Main dimensions fiso are different only due to blockage of the flow channel by blades t in section 1 This results in an increased meridional velocity c O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller an S q with t 0 t 9 sinis Cmo Q nd b Wu U Cu u 1d n f f E TG S Cu Ou u 1 3 le C so 1 1 const inflow swirl Selected blade angle does only indirectly influence the velocity triangle due to blade blockage Differences between selected blade angle and flow angle is referred as the incidence angle i 3 1B 1 In general an inflow without any incidence is intended i 0 If izO the flow around the leading edge shows high local velocities and low
168. ection of the interface coupling is displayed by small symbols see left The coupling can be changed by moving the mouse over a coupling symbol and selecting a coupling configuration from the appearing menu AL Reverse flow direction ES Tragia Progression diagram O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Views 171 radial coordinate r mm z mm axial coordinate 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 112 9 80 8 100 V g Reference components vi Progressions A Cm Cy C a relative length abs meridional coordinate 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 Below the meridional view progressions of several physical quantities along the flow direction of all components can be displayed A Cross section area Cm Meridional velocity C Circumferential velocity C Absolute velocity Flow angle O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 7 2 3D Model Tab sheet 3D Model contains the three dimensional representation of the project design state The CAD model can be exported as IGES STEP or STL see Export 851 For export only the currently visible geometrical elements are considered ENSE Components lt ecentstate gt 18 2I eF E Components S M Radial Impeller gt Mean surface i 9 mom a Information 9 Material Default 7 O Transparency EY mm Em 0 100 Y j 59 6 mm VC Licensed
169. eep and are modifiable by the user O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 367 For defining a blade sweep two alternative options are available e Axial z Tangential t Sweep projected in meridional and axis normal view This view also shows the blade outline Shroud Tip Hub NY Sweep Dihedral default Incidence not perpendicular to blade axis blade area nevertheless in flow direction Blade plane not perpendicular on hub defines V positioning Profile stack mode The profile stack mode controls how 2D Profiles are stacked relative to profile geometry onto the 3D sweep curve This Design choice will subsequently also be reflected in the display of profiles in the previous Blade profile s amp dialog The blade sweep for each sweep mode can be defined on one of the following blade profile positions eL leading edge e UN centroids default O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 368 CFturbo 10 eZ trailing edge 8 5 CFD Setup 2 Impeller CFD setup lt The designed geometry can be extended by virtual elements e Extension seal e Impeller segment s7 e Blade O Gridl 7 e Through flow areal 7s e Blade projection s 8 These extensions are to be used for flow simulation CFD and are virtual only 8 5 1 Extension Impeller CFD setup Extension The designed geometry can be extended in meridional direction at the outlet O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH
170. eering GmbH An update check can be started directly using the button Check now see Check for Updates 1641 The date of last update check is displayed for information O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 6 46 Units Preferences Settings Units BZ Unit settings can be used for selecting the display units in CFturbo It s divided in 3 parts gt General ss general unit selection gt Specific speed ss selecting a suitable specific speed definition gt Other 160 some additional unit settings like flow blade angle and n definition 6 4 6 1 General Here the physical units used in the dialogs can be set Following units are available Units These physical units are used to display the values in CFturbo dialogs 7 Specific speed Other Presetting 74 Metric SI US fps Head H Length L Area A Volume flow Q Mass flow m Density p Dyn viscosity y Kin viscosity v Stress T Pressure p Power P Temperature T Velocity v Ratio x y Revolutions n m Meter mm Millimeter mm7 Square millimeter m h Cubic meter hour kg s Kilo sec Kg m Kilo cubic meter Pa s Pascal second m s Square meter second MPa Mega Pascal bar Bar kW Kilowatt C Degree Celsius m s Meter sec 9e Percent min per minute y Close Help Head m ft Length mm in m Volum
171. efault functions are not saved in any external file and cannot be deleted The default functions can only be deactivated by defining any custom function that is saved in the Functions file On the top left at File location the name of the file is shown that contains all user defined functions In general this file is called Functions cftfu and is located in the installation directory of CFturbo Modifications to functions are saved automatically if you leave the dialog window by pressing the OK button In case the user has no write permissions one could choose a different directory to save the file Changing filename and directory is possible by using the Save as function By clicking the Open button a prevously saved functions file can be opened The link to the functions file is part of each major minor installation CFturbo x y All updates by bug O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 147 fix releases CFturbo x y z do not modify the link to the existing function file The function file will not be overwritten by any update By default the functions file is located in the CFturbo installation directory When you define any user defined functions it s recommended to save the functions file not in the CFturbo installation directory but anywhere in the company network for two reasons e all users can use the same database for their design there is no risk of losing data by uninstall older versions of CFturbo
172. elected Please select the appropriate units when importing data to the chosen O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Volute 447 CAD software When a new volute is created the model settings of the last opened volute are adopted O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 11 Appendix 11 1 References GENERAL Willi Bohl Wolfgang Elmendorf Str mungsmaschinen 1 2 Vogel Verlag 2008 Werner Fister Fluidenergiemaschinen Bd 1 und 2 Springer Verlag 1984 und 1986 Wolfgang Kalide Energieumwandlung in Kraft und Arbeitsmaschinen Hanser Verlag 1989 Carl Pfleiderer Hartwig Petermann Str mungsmaschinen Springer Verlag 1991 Joachim Raabe Hydraulische Maschinen und Anlagen VDI Verlag 1989 Arnold Whitfield Nicholas C Baines Design of Radial Turbomachines Longman Scientific amp Technical 1990 PUMPS Johann F G lich Kreiselpumpen Springer Verlag 1999 Kurt Holzenberger Klaus Jung Kreiselpumpen Lexikon KSB AG 1989 Val S Lobanoff Robert R Ross Centrifugal Pumps Design amp Application Gulf Professional Publishing 1992 Michael Schwanse Str mungsmechanische Auslegung und Nachrechnung von radialen und diagonalen Kreiselpumpenlaufr dern Dissertation TU Dresden 1990 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH so CFturbo 10 A J Stepanoff Centrifugal and Axial Flow Pumps John Wiley amp Sons 1957 John Tuzson Centrifugal pump design John Wiley amp Sons 2000 Walter Wa
173. eller 255 n The real flow in the rotor is turbulent and three dimensional Details Secondary flows separation and reattachment in boundary layers transient recirculation areas and other features may occur gt Setup 258 Nevertheless it is useful and it is common practice in the turbine design theory to simplify the realistic flow applying representative Parameters 2sal streamlines for the first design approach Dimensions ss Employing 1D streamline theory the following cross sections are significant in particular just before leading edge index 0 at the beginning index 1 and at the end of the blade index 2 behind the trailing edge index 3 and at the outlet index 4 O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 256 CFturbo 10 8 1 5 1 Setup On page Setup one can specify some basic settings Main Dimensions Parameters 6 Dimensions Information General Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 421 Manual dimensioning i Results of mid span calculation Z v Unshrouded Tip clearance 0 4 E Design point 5 4 Rotational speed n 25800 min a o Mass flow m 16 kg s gt Impellertype TT Standard Y Power partitioning between impellers PD 1000 kW 0 100 Blade design mode y Airfoil Using pre defined blade profiles SS Mean line Using Euler equation on mean lines Y Ok X Conce 2 Help On panel General you can select Manual dime
174. eller amp gt Info Cfturbo GmbH Index 0 Desc CFturbo component gt lt BladeProperties Type Object Desc Blade properties gt nBl Type Integer Desc Number of blades gt 7 lt nB1 gt lt BladeProperties gt lt CFturboDesign_RadialImpeller gt lt CFturboProject gt lt Updates gt lt BatchAction Name Export ExportInterface General WorkingDir C Testing NV BaseFileName Pumpl 9 1 all AllComponents 1 BatchAction Name Export ExportInterface General WorkingDir C Testing V BaseFileName Pumpl 9 1 lt ExportComponents gt lt Value Type Integer gt 1 lt Value gt lt ExportComponent s gt lt BatchAction gt lt BatchAction Name Export ExportInterface STEP BaseFileName Pumpl_9 1 ModelState Solids only gt lt BatchAction gt lt BatchAction Name Save OutputFile pumpl mod cft lt CFturboBatchProject gt lt CFturboFile gt During runtime a log file lt batch file gt log is created in the directory of batch file gt O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Creme 952 29941042013 mes 2S 10 2013 13 16829242 cresting illa C dg 13 1622924 Logfile CANOSCAN y ES Working directory C Program Files 9 3238 RRS B72 E Reading batch file c Testing GE Dare 29 10 2013 16e29242 INTO Starting batchproject for input tiles Cy restino Puma ci e 3 168298427 ui Open taput fi
175. ement length Pd mm a Granularity Moderate v Files STL write mode Binary v Y OK X Cancel 7 Help Minimum element length Minimum mesh element length Maximum element length Maximum mesh element length Granularity Policy of mesh element construction 5 levels from very coarse to very fine are available STL write mode Format Binary ASCII for writing STL files O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 101 6 2 1 4 4 2 Tetrahedral volume mesh In addition to the parameters 100 for triangulation three export formats can be selected Parameters x Triangulation Min element length 0 25 mm Max element length po mm Granularity Moderate v Files Format Y ok Fluent msh file is exported OpenFOAM necessary gz files and directory structure are exported a 3 Example 4 D constant J polyMesh E points faces H3 neighbour Y owner RRAR Netgen vol file is exported 6 2 1 4 4 3 AutoCAD Autodesk Inc The data import from CFturbo is realized by a LISP script Loading the LISP Application and Import of the Geometry e Select AutoCAD Classic Workspace Manage Load Application command appload e Select file xyz2spline Isp from CFturbo installation directory load and close dialog Execute loaded LISP application by command xyz2spline O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 e Select and open txt file exported from CFturbo
176. end 1 Insert Here O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu BH E Eal PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric m E X File Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications 2 2 O a2 By 3 TF AG a of Revolve Hole Draft y 5 MC 2 ag o Pal A gt 5 Sweep Y Y Round F She 5 Ez C A Regenerate x Sketch Extrude Pattern 5 K Boundary Component Coordinate System P Swept Blend gt Chamfer v Rib Blend Interface Operations Get Data Y Datum Shapes Y Engineering Y Editing Y Surfaces Model Intent Y ge fe 214 y a A Model Tree T a X PRT0001 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT k PRT CSYS DEF Curve From File id 40 Curve From File id 81 Boundary Blend 1 gt Insert Here 1 selected 6 2 1 4 4 6 Inventor Autodesk Inc The data import is realized by a macro that is created for each geometry individually by CFturbo The macro is loaded and executed in Inventor To execute a macro it has to be imported into an existing VBA project Tools VBA Editor O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 125 CFturbo 10 a 3 A Autodesk Inventor 2014 4j Bi J Editor Batch Publish a Application Docu um Exchange Options Settings App Manager db Add Ins Options w VBA Editor Alt F11 x Starts the Visual Basic Editor and opens the Default ivb file No Browser y 2 iLogic Design Copy Str
177. ensioning G Schematic sketch for illustration only v Automatic fit view E 7 Unshrouded Tipclearance 0 5 mm E 2 Impelertype ET standard y Power partitioning between impellers Ap 3360 Pa 0 100 Blade design mode sy Airfoil Using pre defined blade profiles Ay Mean line Using Euler equation on mean lines 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 lv ok X cancei 2 Help General Manual dimensioning In manual dimensioning mode the main dimensions and blade angles are not calculated by CFturbo All these values are user defined input values Unshrouded Design a shrouded closed or unshrouded open impeller For an unshrouded impeller you have to define the tip clearance Impeller type For pumps select between Standard impeller and Inducer impeller type For Ventilators select between Standard impeller and Automotive cooling impeller type Power partitioning between impellers O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 209 In case more than 1 impeller is contained in the project the design point 7h head pressure difference etc can be distributed amongst the impellers using the power partitioning The energy goal used for the design of the selected impeller index i is determined by E e E oval where the capital E may either be head specific work or pressure difference resp The lower case e is the ratio describing the power partitioning for the selected impeller B
178. ents cross SBCHDN ocio sb vete ce dit aa eoe ket iat Dee Bee bud aed 412 Radius based cross Section iecit curte betas tide t ini penso tau ue toh 415 Internal cross sections TT 416 3 Spiral development areas sss emen hene hene nnes 417 DESTA Ml cesses A SE ES 420 Cut water compensation o cococcccononnonononcnccnnnn eene nn nn rra ron anar nn rennes siiis 422 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Contents Additional MOS ctrca a A MEE 423 US Exc 424 AA DIMUSE a NUR RERO DU NER M MEE 428 POLINA AU WS ce ceu I M D M M i m 433 LMReNISULII IBM PEEL MP 434 lr Rt ME RE 437 al pe IRE Nr MT Tx Eme 440 ir MR ER NR LM PN ME Mte dd EC 443 B CED SEUD CC 444 7 Model Settings A A dee nen dne ein de 445 Part XI Appendix 449 1 References nnne s a fas a O LEto n fasi EV Leer 449 2 Symbols dio 452 3 CONTACT addresses it MERLO Rr eae lcd 453 4 License agreement tee bee ce a e ea cot eee Made bte a oe EU MER E Ee LIE NR Ex 454 Index 463 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 1 CFturbo CFturbo is made to interactively design radial mixed flow and axial turbomachinery pumps ventilators compressors turbines The software is easy to use and does enable quick generation and variation of impeller stator and volute geometries Several models can be displayed compared and modified simultaneously e It contains numerous approximation functions that may be C Ft u Y bo customi
179. equation dominant for the transmission of energy Blade angle is estimated by c for blade congruent flow see figure Therefore an estimation of slip is necessary Slip can be estimated by empirical models Three different possibilities are available in CFturbo not for Turbines 1 Decreased output by PFLEIDERERTs 71 gt 2 Outflow coefficient by WIESNERT a gt 3 Outflow coefficient by AUNGIERT s Blade angle must be determined to reach the desired energy transmission respectively the required head pressure difference under consideration of slip velocity The following recommendations for common blade angles exist due to optimal efficiency ums 15 45 commonly used 20 27 Ventilators not higher than 50 35 50 unshrouded impellers up to 70 90 radius dependent see sine rulel 2 Radial machines except for turbines with low specific speed nq usually have similar values for og The blades for this type of impellers are often designed with a straight trailing edge const For turbine rotors the radii along the trailing edge from hub to shroud are very different resulting in very different values for 4 and twisted blades Possible warnings Unusual low outlet blade angles Too small outlet angles indicate too high outlet O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Unusual high deviation slip between blade and flow direction at outlet This indicates too high
180. equisites The wrap angle 4 must be high enough so that spiral and diffuser intersect Design mode Simple Fillet Sharp 10 6 CFD Setup Volute Additional CFD Setup The designed geometry can be extended by virtual elements Through flow area Inlet and outlet surface of the flow domain RSI Connection If a Rotor Stator Interface RSI is existing on the inlet side of the component an existing gap between this RSI and the volute inlet can be closed automatically by the RSI connection These surfaces provide a simplified closed volume model for flow simulation neglecting impeller side chambers or other casing parts These extensions are to be used for flow simulation CFD and are virtual only O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFD Setup ES Y Through flow area met and outlet surface of the Tio goma v RSI Connection nterface to create a closed OK XCancel Y Help E 10 7 Model settings Volute Model settings i On dialog Model settings you can specify how many data points are to be used for the 3D model and for the point based export formats The number of points can be set for both cases separately for all geometry parts Spiral cross sections points per cross section Diffuser cross sections Cutwater sides cross sections points per cross section The cutwater cross sections setting does not refer to the center face because its section count is det
181. er Stator settings 5 for more information Some design point values are displayed in the right Information panel when selecting the page Values see Global setupl 71 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 258 CFturbo 10 8 1 5 2 Parameters On page Parameters one has to put in or to modify parameters resulting from approximation functions in dependence on specific speed nq see Approximation functions 145 12 Version 1 Main Dimensions ES O setup 6 Dimensions Information Parameters Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles OA y Schematic sketch for illustration only Y Automatic fit view Isen velocity ratio total tc v vs 0 574 Calculate outlet area with Degree of reaction X R 0 25 Calculate inlet dH1 dS1 with so w Diameter ratio v vedH ds pal 3 Meridional expansion contraction Em Calculate outlet dH2 452 with Merid velocity ratio v cm2 cm1 1 05 Efficiencies Design relevant Information only Y Total to static efficiency nts go 96 Casing efficiency nc 100 0 5 25 45 6 5 85 10 5 v OK X Conca 2 Help Parameters The panel Parameters allows defining alternative parameters in each case for the calculation of the following impeller diameters O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 259 For details of how to handle the parameter edit fields please see Edit fields with empirical functions aA
182. er compensation 422 Furthermore the calculation of the outer contour is considering the geometry of the splitter position fillet radius thickness The inner radius of the splitter r and thus the Inner area Il at is given by the outer radius r at q spi The Outer area I is calculated based on the Design rule 20 for a constant flow rate defined by the splitter start angle normally 50 of overall flow rate starting from the splitter outside radius r r Ar O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 425 CFturbo 10 Splitter of Double Volute For double volutes you can define additional properties of the spiral and splitter The start angle Spl is the angular position where the splitter starts It also determines the splitter contour The angular offset ApSpl can be used to achieve a radial offset without changing the contour The thickness eSpl defines the distance between the inner and outer splitter contour e The compensation Spl C is used analogous to the cut water compensation The fillet radius defines the radial corner radius between spiral and splitter surface O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Volute 427 Splitter of Double Volute Start angle qSpl 180 s Angular offset AgSpl o E Thickness eSpl 1 2 mm Compensation pSpl C po Y Fillet Radius rSpl 1 mm Additional views The progression diagrams contain curves for each part of the volute like the area progre
183. er and width ratio If the upstream component is an impeller then additional edit fields for the diameter ratio d d and width ratio b b are available Here you can define the inlet diameter and the inlet width using empirical functions Information Right in the panel Information on page Values some values are displayed for information These are values of the design point Global setup 71 and flow properties on the outlet of upstream component Cross Section 2 Volute Cross Section Q The shape of the cross section of the volute can be selected here The general cross section shape is illustrated whereas the radial extension is assumed radial scaling can be modified above the diagram In general very small cross sections width should be avoided The achievable cross section shape strongly depends on manufacturing and the available space CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Volute 407 Al Cross section CEN i Cross sections illustrate the general cross section shape The radial extension is assumed Radial scaling 3 for illustration only es b Add section 77 Delete section a eg H 8 Se B XO er I Left Shroud Right Hub P dr mm v 180 7 Radius Based Symmetric 200 xm 3 v 360 Y Radius Based Symmetric 1 190 Section properties Base height h po mm Cone angle 5 35 140 i Main radius R 70 mm Rounding an be restricted due to geometrical
184. er main dimensions 10 calculation of dimension values e Impeller blade properties calculation of blade angles s e pi meanline design mode or Profile properties 553 airfoil hydrofoil design mode These automatic calculations can be activated or deactivated Both approaches have their specific advantages and disadvantages e Automatic calculation It s assured that the calculation results are up to date based on the latest input parameters O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH The formerly used values could be be modified No automatic calculation It s assured that the exact original values are used which were calculated or specified formerly including optional manual adjustment The values could be not suitable to any modifications of input parameters or modified geometry parts When opening older CFturbo projects containing automatic calculations the calculated values can deviate from the original values due to the re calculation therefore the geometry could be modified slightly compared to the original one Generally it s recommended to deactivate all automatic calculations after the design process is finished and the CFturbo file is archived If a CFturbo project was created by an older version and contains automatic calculations the user will be asked for deactivating it when opening such a file This should assure identical geometry over several CFturbo versions Automatic calculations ES The selected CFT fi
185. erences Help b3DMODEL M 3D MODEL BLADES ex Ba C Resetview V ter Coordinate system Rotate impeller Point width 7 Isocurves 9 7 dl activate clipping y ter er lee Yo Bh Load view Show scale Curve width 1 gt e picture view E Zo bed Save view BS Background color 7 Resolution Show dipping plane Dus General View Settings Clipping O me mem PON Components lt recent state gt Mi R t 9 e E Components S E Radial Impeller gt H m Meridian E H Mean surface 4 C Material Undefined hd color undefined Y Transparency g 0 100 Y Modes ITIN Licensed for CFturbo Software and Engineering nI20 6 2 1 7 Show Hide messages 2 Project Project Show Hide messages 4 This button shows or hides the message panel on the right side of the main window More information to the message panel are available in the Opened project 57 section 6 2 1 8 Undo Project Project Undo 9 The design history can be opened by clicking the undo button It contains all modifications from opening of the project or session in chronological order By selecting a list entry this design step and all following ones are removed Prior to that you can save the current design optionally O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Dow CFturbo 10 gt la 9 Pump2 cft Pump CFtur gt Project Impel
186. eridional velocity contours For compressible fluids it is necessary that the flow regime in the entire domain has to be far away O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 282 CFturbo 10 8 3 8 3 1 from transonic conditions Otherwise the equation will not have solution Mean line design The design of the blade s geometry is made in four steps in this design mode 1 Blade properties 48 2 Blade mean lines 53 3 Blade profiles ss 4 Blade edges s Blade properties Impeller Blade properties V Definition of blade properties is made in two steps 1 Blade setupl sd 2 Blade angles s Specification of number of blades and number of spans Blades Number Number a of blades E a of spans gates Usual number of blades are Compressor Depending on blade exit angle B e 12 for B 30 e 16 for B 45 60 e 20 for B 70 90 Radial turbine 12 20 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 30 70 100 Many blades causing low blade loading are related to higher friction losses By choosing of fewer blades leading to a higher blade loading the hydraulic losses may rise due to increased secondary flow and stronger deviation between blade and flow direction The recommended number of blades according to Pfleiderer is displayed as a hint at the information image for radial 8 mixed flow pumps ventilators compressors only z k i M sin
187. ermined by the number of points of the spiral and by the side position 221 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EH CFturbo 10 Model settings Model settings Ls vomeon dit Data points Data points These numbers of data points are used for the These numbers of data points are used for 3D model point based export to external applications C Presetting Coarse Middle Fine Spiral Cross sections P5 15 30 Spiral Cross sections 2 18 100 Points per section 40 15 55 Points per section 2 148 100 Diffuser Cross sections 15 5 30 Diffuser p 5 50 Fran Cross sections 15 iix Cutwater Cross sections po o 5 50 Points per section 15 10 40 os Points per section PO 10 100 Distance tolerance Length unit for export Maximum distance between sewed faces e g E solid faces li E lec t the appropriate unit to use for point based data export to CAE software Tolerance p2 mm G mm Millimeters v v OK Cancel Hep v OK Cancel 7 Hep Presetting US Coarse Middle Fine Select from 3 global presettings Distance tolerance 3D Model Toerance mm The distance tolerance defines the maximum allowed distance between sewed surfaces e g the faces of a solid If it is too small the solids cannot be created If it is too big small faces are ignored when creating a solid Length unit for Export Point Export mm Millimeters x The length unit for the geometry export can be s
188. ese impossible cross section types are already part of the project then they are converted O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH automatically when selecting the double volute type see Setup amp Inlet 4 The following message will be displayed e Volute section type s were modified due to double volute requirements if any cross section type was modified automatically e Cone angle s were modified due to double volute requirements if the cone angle of any cross section was adapted automatically 10 2 1 Bezier cross section The shape of a Bezier cross section is described by a Bezier curve l4 3 2 PPP H s One half of the shape of the cross section is described using a 4th degree Bezier polynomial Points 0 and 4 are the end points and cannot be changed Point 1 can be moved along a straight line which corresponds to the cone angle of the cross section 0 for a rectangle type 5 for a trapezoid type Point 3 can only be moved in the horizontal direction in order to guarantee a smooth transition between the two symmetrical halves The intersection of the two lines which points 1 and 3 are on is designated by the letter S and plays an important role in the positioning of Bezier points 1 and 3 Point 2 can be moved freely and therefore he has the major influence on the shape of the cross section In the first design point 2 is identical with point S Two basic shapes of the cross section can be selec
189. essary to create a fillet cut water Fillet cut water is usually not possible if the spiral development is at the beginning very flat and a tangential diffuser with a big end cross section is chosen For asymmetric spiral cross sections only non tangential surface transition is available Sharp cut water is not available for cornered cross sections either spiral or diffuser Intersection of spiral and diffuser geometry is necessary to create a sharp cut water Cut water design is not available for internal volutes Possible warnings Cutwater is self intersecting Cut water faces intersect each other The problem might have various reasons Therefore modify spiral diffuser or cutwater design E g define a flat radius progression at the start of spiral development areas 12 or change angular position radial offset of the cutwater 3D Error Could not create bounded surface for Cut water Patch The side position should not be too low when edges are rounded Parameter side position is disadvantageous 3D Error Could not create fillet for Cut water Possibly the fillet radiusis too large O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Volute 437 for asymmetric volutes Modify the Position of end shapel in the Diffuser dialog to avoid waw intersection curve Fillet cannot be created because intersection curve of spiral and diffuser is waw for asymmetric volutes Modify Spiral start position F
190. eter ratio d d d d 0 3 0 8 Relative deceleration w w w w gt 0 7 or f b d For b calculation optional Meridional deceleration CC C JC 0 8 1 25 m1 m2 mi for d calculation Meridional deceleration ms 0 9 1 1 0 7 1 3 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 P c c Relative inlet flow angle Ps arctan 5 arctan 725 30 us Us Cus A Cms Was Relative inlet Mach number Mis ye Ws mS YS lt 0 75 0 85 ws as as The relative inlet Mach number can be implemented in a certain range only The lower limit is given by the fact that small values for dS high meridional velocity c as well as high values for dS high rotational speed us and therefore w result in an increasing relative velocity w Due to the square root equation of M s two different values of dS are possible For certain boundary conditions a minimal relative velocity and therefore a minimal relative inlet Mach number is existing always Mus Wus as Wus as Mes Rel inlet Ma number dst Rel inlet Ma number dS In this context it s important to know that the fluid density is dependent on the velocity and therefore on the geometrical dimensions Efficiency In panel Efficiency you have to specify several efficiencies You have to distinguish between design relevant efficiencies and efficiencies used for information only Design relevant e flow e
191. etries are displayed in the dialogs with selected color and line width Numerical values appear as small hints on input fields when mouse is moved over it CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 137 iameter d2 with ber y 0 95 Min shafl 1 Reference designs Imi ith b2 with BE 2 1 06 atio b2id2 D 14 Main din Reference components Down right in the design step dialog windows you could completely ar Se Contaure switch off the display of reference geometries and start the configuration dialog Please note If you add reference designs in a design step dialog the imported geometry could be invisible initially if it s far away from the currently designed geometry There is no automatic scaling of the diagram O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 13 CFturbo 10 Display in 3D model Reference geometry is displayed as 3D model additionally All reference geometries are arranged in the model tree in the region Imports whereas the single parts can be configured like the normal geometry L Blade m Geometry C Points B Curves E Surfaces m Solids Imports i Radial Impeller gt C Meridian C Mean surface C Main C Blade m H B Radial Impeller gt H B vaneless Diffuser amp E Bowl Diffuser O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH B Pump2 cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 c dz gt Project Impeller Pref
192. etup Some space around blade edges is Try to increase the distance between CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 required for meshing This can be leading trailing edge and meridional generated by creating a CFD extension inlet outlet by or by selecting a neighbouring stator component a moving leading trailing edge in meridional contour if edge is not fixed Note for TurboGrid a vaneless stator on inlet outlet 270 has to be selected which has to be considered as part of the rotating domain in TurboGrid b selecting a neighbouring stator if possible or C activating of CFD Extension in CFD setup Extension seal Gap between leading trailing edge and inlet outlet recommended CFD extension can be activated see CFD Setup Some space around blade edges is Try to increase the distance between recommended leading trailing edge and meridional inlet outlet by a moving leading trailing edge in meridional contour if edge is not fixed on inlet outlet 2701 or b activating of CFD Extension in CFD setup Extension seal Small gap between blade leading edge and inlet outlet could cause import problems Try to increase it if you experience any problems on import See message Try to increase the distance between leading trailing edge and meridional inlet outlet by a moving leading trailing edge in meridional contour if edge is not fixed on inlet outlet 270 or
193. f 6 2701 with k 6 5 8 0 for compressors else 5 0 6 5 The recommended number of blades using the Zweifel work coefficient is displayed as a hint at the information image for axial turbines only z 2 1 E a4 tan 90 a cos 90 a w Az with Az the axial chord length and d the average impeller diameter The Zweifel work coefficient is in the range of 0 75 1 15 and is specified in the approximation functions 15 Splitter linked to Main blade If the impeller has splitter blades then the shape of the splitter can be linked to the main blade optionally If linked the splitter blades are truncated main blades Otherwise the splitter blade can be designed completely independent Blades Number 3 Main Splitter linked Number ra e ee 16 2 3 2 of biedes _31 2 a some IV to Main blade of spans E Information In the right panel some information are displayed which result from calculated or determined values O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 204 CFturbo 10 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Hub Shroud Inside blade passage Outside blade passage u m s 4 2 9 3 0 67 te Pa fue P d Leading edge Trailing edge cm m s g g Span 1 Hub Span 15 Shroud Leading edge Trailing edge Leading edge Trailing edge 0 55 0 55 280 280 399 399 90 525 90 389 38 1 598 33 1 40 4 66 66 94 94 517 48 9 61 3 38 9 0 375 0 482
194. ffect only the graphics 10 4 1 Additional views The following information E Additional Views E can be displayed in the diffuserl dialog using the 3D Preview Additional views button Informational values v Cross sections Area progression 3D Preview 3D modell 17 of the currently designed diffuser geometry Informational values Some informative values are displayed Equivalent diameter DIN Diameter of the equivalent circle at the diffuser inlet Equivalent diameter DOUT Diameter of the equivalent circle at the diffuser outlet O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH a CFturbo 10 Area AOUT Area at diffuser outlet Deceleration ratio AR Ar B D Length L Length of the diffuser Angle to middle Angle between connecting line impeller center o outlet branch center and diffuser start section Center distance C Distance from the h line to the center point Cone angle Y Cone angle from D to D over the length L Diffusor radius R Radius of middle line for radial diffuser only Cross section Volute cross sections z r Area progression Area distribution I A 10 5 Cut water 2 Volute Cut water y The geometry of the cut water can be designed in this dialog box O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH A Cut water fum 280 B d 2 24 B Q cutwater EE Eg E Additional Views i J mm Design mode 20 Simple Filet Sharp 6
195. fficiency total total volumetric efficiency O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 233 Information only e mechanical efficiency e motor efficiency hot e casing efficiency displayed for information only see Global setup 71 The casing efficiency is used additionally for impeller dimensioning in order to compensate the flow losses in the casing The losses resulting in energy dissipation from the fluid form the impeller efficiency Mim Net Impeller casing and mechanical efficiency form the overall efficiency coupling efficiency of the stage gy When considering motor losses additionally the overall efficiency of the stage incl motor de is defined Pa Po output power see above Nst pP Nim Mm B Pj mechanical power demand coupling driving power nse NstMmot P4 electrical power demand of motor P el The following summary illustrates the single efficiencies and their classification Relevant for impeller design yes for energy classification efficiencies transmission mu yes for flow rate O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 23 CFturbo 10 mechanical m mechanical no for overall information only stage incl motor electrical motor The obtainable overall efficiency correlates to specific speed and to the size and the type of the impeller as well as to special design features like bypass installations and auxiliary aggregates Efficiencie
196. ffuser opening angle 8 150 8 Maximum allowable 52 Angular positions E 8 Actual 40 140 Area ratio AR A4 A3 Fuer 4 Leading edge Wrap angle 130 AR Optimum 294 0 3 bo 1201 AR Actual 2 97 i 621 3 Pressure recovery coeff gt zn uo EN cp Ideal loss free 0 89 3 100 4 cp Optimum 0 66 4 0 0 2 E cp Actual 0 66 5 0 0 Diffuser effeciency nD 74 9 804 Inlet velocity ratio c3q c2 0 95 707 Non dimensional length L 8 67 J Throat aspect ratio b3 az 2 25 Ll Outletrel kin energy 0 014 50 4 Velocity ratio c4 cim 1 42 40 Beta progression x 201 207 103 o1 10 j 20 Reference components x Imm Vv v Configure 304 cartesian goordinat re e 30 10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 is otc X Conca 2 Help 101 9 176 8 195 Debug Hub Middle Shroud Initially the blade thickness is ignored for the mean line design red magenta in the sketch The opposite side if the flow channel is generated by rotation and adding the blade thickness The blade thickness is assumed as linear between sLE and sTE see blade properties 1 if the thickness distribution was not defined yet Otherwise the thickness distribution defined in the blade profilel 97 design is used In the later blade profile design the thickness is added to one side of the mean line only O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Diffuser area has to be designed carefully in order to minimize losses The quality of the diffuser design can be verified according to
197. file type Meanline File rtzt The macro generates a surface model generating splines Tools Macro Macros e Select macro library and macro Run ibl pts Version 2 0 M090 Parametric ibl contains geometry defined by 3D points pts files are exported for impellers only and contain information about blade thickness defined by 2D points Home New Part lt name gt if no file is open Model Get data Import e select ibl or pts file Inventor bes Version 2014 The macro generates a surface model generating splines Tools Visual Basic Editor e VB o File New project o File Import file select bas o Tools Macro select Main Run MEE C uu lt O lt O lt M Ss ss AS NX tugat Vesionso tS One file per component will be created New New Project file lt name gt if no file is open To import curves hub shroud volute contour curves e Insert Curve Spline Through points e Points from file e select dat file To generate surfaces blade volute diffuser e Insert surface Through points e Row degree lt number of blade profile sections e Column degree lt Row degree 1 Points from file select dat file Please note If the mentioned menu options are not available the appropriate commands have to be created a Tools Customize or right click on any toolbar menu Customize b Commands Insert Curve Spline or Insert Surface O CFturbo
198. fini mapa tl warning E lt 9 2 Vaned radial diffuser Blade angles are undated automaticaly O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Opened project s O CFturbo Software Engineering GmbH Component design process ot 5 Component design process The design process for CFturbo project components requires the completion of a specific sequence of obligatory design steps for each component type see impeller amp 3 volutel 9 stator sea After completing a components basic design process optional design steps related to model finishing s and CFD setup ses become available Each design step comes with its own dialog that can be accessed va the component specific menus 44 or the components context menul el in the meridian view Design step dialog controls Generally dialogs in CFturbo provide the following standard controls OK Closes the dialog and saves user changes into the project Cancel Closes the dialog and discards all changes made Help Opens the help topic related to the current design step Fast Navigation and Automated component design Dialogs that are part of the basic component design process provide two more options TIEN v OK Next design step m A OK Complete all design steps OK Next design step Closes the dialog and opens dialog of the subsequent design step while saving the user CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 62 CFturbo 10
199. for CFturbo Navigation The 3D display can be influenced by mouse Rotation around point of origin QF zoom 1 Zoom also mouse wheel Rotation around z axis edm ooo The functions can be assigned to mouse buttons via Preferences General s3l Menus Above the 3D representation in the menus 3D Model and 3D Model Blades you can find buttons O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 7 2 1 Views 173 which have only an optical effect but do not change the geometry model gt Model display top 173 Model tree Left ofthe 3D representation is the Model tree There all available geometry parts are listed in a tree structure whereby they can be configured individually gt Model tree left Ph 3D Preview In many design step dialogs a 3D Preview of the currently designed part can be displayed via the Additional views button at the top The 3D Preview behaves in the same way as the 3D Model view described above For performance reasons the 3D objects are displayed with coarse resolution only See also Problems when generating surfaces solids 185 Open Save design 63 Data export 85 Model display top 2 3D Model The following actions are available by the buttons of the 3D Model tab They are used for visualization only and do not affect the geometry model O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 S ta Pump2 cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 VA
200. for the model settings 7 amp of impellers 9 9 Model finishing Stator Model finishing pe In principle the same features are available as for the model finishing 781 of impellers O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 400 CFturbo 10 10 Volute Volute This chapter describes in detail the design process for volute type components O featured in CFturbo The content reflects the design steps in the sequence they are encountered during the design process Design steps gt Inlet definition 49 gt Cross section 05 Spiral development areas 12 gt Diffuser 428 gt Cut water 122 gt Model settings 44 CFD setup 10 1 Setup amp Inlet 2 Volute Setup Inlet e The first design step of the volute is to define the inlet side It consits of 2 steps 1 Setup 0 2 Inlet details O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH On right panel Information on Information page Meridian you can find a Vau Meridian meridional preview z r of the designed volute inlet Schematic sketch for illustration only V Automatic fit view The outlet of the upstream component is represented schematically in gray the interface 37 position in brown Auto fit view results in automatic scaling of the diagram if geometrical values are changing 10 1 1 Setup On page Setup you can define some general properties used for the spiral design Depending on the project typ
201. from hub to shroud without Smooth inlet with Smooth inlet CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 374 CFturbo 10 gt wow 3D Model The segment can consist of up to 3 solids Segment Real Geometry Segment of the flow passage bounded by real geometries defined by Meridional contourf2s Segment Extension Segment of the virtual geometry Extension ssl optional Segment RSI Connection Segment of the virtual geometry RS Connection sz optional Possible warnings Segment type Around single blade middle of PS SS is not applicable because the blade exceeds the meridional boundaries Modify the blade so that it does not exceed the meridional boundaries or choose another type of segment 3D Error Could not create solid for RSI Connection This type of segment is incorrect if the blade exceeds the meridional boundaries Unsupported RSI Connection geometry e g Uncheck RSI Connection s73 or change its only on one side hub or shroud geometry CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 375 Problem Possible solutions General solid creation problem See 3D Modell 183 8 5 2 2 Blade O Grid 2 Impeller CFD setup Miscellaneous Blade O Grid Auxiliary curves for meshing can be designed that have a constant distance to the blade at each span V Blade O Grid ffset curves around each blade profile Hub Shroud Offset mm C Ratio 96 Offset Abs
202. g to Wiesnerl 151 can be calculated Cuzoo Cu u y 1 8 3 1 2 2 3 Slip coefficient by WIESNER Outflow slip coefficient is defined for the decreased energy transmission u2 7 Cur Uy y The c difference is called slip velocity The smaller the outflow coefficient the higher the deviation of flow compared to the direction given by blade Wiesner developed an empirical equation for the estimation of outflow coefficient ysin Bop y 1 z07 G lich modified this formula by two additional correction factors y f Ee z07 with the correction factors O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller so 8 16 ug ELim Xp Circumferential component of blade congruent flow can be calculated as follows Cur Cu2 1 y Uy Contrary to Wiesner s original suggestion an average inlet diameter d is not used for the calculation of k in CFturbo but the diameter at hub and shroud respectively Doing so a slip coefficient for hub and shroud can be calculated An average slip coefficient is determined by y 0 5 Yuub Y Shroud The switch between radial and mixed flow calculation of the correction factor f is done by f max 0 98 1 02 1 2 10 n 50 8 3 1 2 2 4 Slip coefficient by G LICH w aste w ater pumps For waste water pumps the slip mainly depends on the number of blades The table contains typical values for the slip coefficient number of blades 8 3
203. given by blade Aungier adjusted Wiesner s s 3 original empirical equation for the estimation of outflow coefficient 77 The limiting radius ratio is given by _ y sin 19 0 2B sin 19 0 2p The slip factor is corrected for radius ratios r r im with EE L Lim Yoor Y IS Compressors only The model is further adjusted in case it is applied to splitter blades Then the number of blades in the above equation is corrected by the relative splitter blade length with respect to the main blade length Circumferential component of blade congruent flow can be calculated as follows O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 8 3 1 2 2 2 Slip coefficient by PFLEIDERER Reduced energy transmission is expressed by decreased output coefficient p S n i static moment from leading to trailing edge y a 8 60 experience number experience number a Radial impeller with guided vanes a 0 6 with volute a 0 65 0 85 with plain diffusor a 0 85 1 0 Mixed flow axial impeller a 1 0 1 2 the numbers are valid for sufficiently high Re yw strongly grows with small Re More descriptive is the decreased output factor k k 1 for flow congruent to blade O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 317 are CFturbo 10 Circumferential component of the flow which is congruent to blade can be calculated as follows Now the outflow slip coefficient y accordin
204. gle outflow 145 Flow angles 194 229 Flow direction 40 Flowrate 193 228 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Fluid 71 found 24 Freeform 323 332 Frontal vew 319 337 344 Full impeller 67 193 228 242 Full volute 67 Function 47 145 Functions cft u 145 2G General geometry 92 Global setup 71 Graphic 43 Grid 268 375 H Head 193 228 Help 164 Hub 267 268 274 276 hub diameter 201 235 247 267 Hydraulic efficiency 145 ICEM 131 ICEM CFD 97 IGES 92 172 179 IGG 97 Impeller 9 400 Impeller diameter 201 235 Impeller Options 161 Import 46 179 Incidence angle 292 310 Inclination angle 274 276 Inclination angle hub 145 Inclination angle shroud 145 Inclination angle trailing edge 145 Inducer 215 Inflow 71 Inflow swirl 193 228 information 23 Initial design 43 Inlet 283 376 Inlet definition 400 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Index 465 inlet diameter 247 Inlet triangle 310 inner 424 Input 26 Intake coefficient 145 194 Interface 85 Interface definition 40 Interfaces 38 internal 406 416 Inventor 94 125 ie Language 155 Leading edge 268 274 276 284 310 344 Length unit for Export 445 License 15 23 24 155 License agreement 454 License key 12 Licensing 9 12 Line Segments 412 Line width 173 Linear 337 Linked 304 Load from impeller 400 local 15 machine ID 12 15 Main dimensions 191 201
205. gner Kreiselpumpen und Kreiselpumpenanlagen Vogel Verlag 1994 Gotthard Will Kreiselpumpen in Taschenbuch Maschinenbau Band 5 hrsg von Hans Joachim Kleinert Verlag Technik Berlin 1989 VENTILATORS Leonhard Bommes J rgen Fricke Reinhard Grundmann Ventilatoren Vulkan Verlag 2003 Bruno Eck Ventilatoren Springer Verlag 1991 Thomas Carolus Ventilatoren Teubner Verlag 2003 COMPRESSORS Ronald H Aungier Centrifugal Compressors ASME Press 2000 Klaus H L dtke Process Centrifugal Compressors Springer Verlag 2004 Bruno Eckert Erwin Schnell Axial und Radialkompressoren Springer Verlag 1980 Davide Japikse Centrifugal Compressors Design and Performance Concepts ETI 1996 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH N A Cumpsty Compressor aerodynamics Krieger publishing 2004 Ernst Lindner Turboverdichter in Taschenbuch Maschinenbau Band 5 hrsg von Hans Joachim Kleinert Verlag Technik Berlin 1989 Members of the staff of Lewis Research Center Aerodynamic design of axial flow compressors NASA SP 36 Washington D C 1965 P de Haller Das Verhalten von Tragfl gelgittern in Axialverdichtern und im Windkanal Brennstoff W rme Kraft Band 5 Heft 10 1953 TURBINES Ronald H Aungier Turbine Aerodynamics ASME Press 2006 Hany Moustapha Mark Zelesky Nicholas C Baines Davide Japikse Axial and Radial Turbines Concepts NREC 2003 Further literature John D Stanitz Vasily D Pr
206. have to be exported again due to an unsatisfactory triangulation In this case the original configuration file which refers to all components should not be overwritten O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 135 6 2 1 4 5 Data export limitations Rental or Permanent license When using CFturbo with a normal license rental or permanent the export is not restricted in any way Demo Test license Export functionality can be restricted when using CFturbo with a Demo Test license Data export is then disabled for all individually designed components To demonstrate the performance of the CAD CFD interfaces the data export is enabled for CFturbo default examples only These default examples you can find 1 in the CFturbo installation directory in the directory Examples 2 on the CFturbo website http www cfturbo com download html 6 2 1 5 Import 3D geometry 2 Project Project Import 3D ST The 3D Import enables the user to view 3D data in IGES STEP STL and BREP format or of CFturbo projects cft e g for comparison with the current design or for redesigning Geometry data is shown in the 3D Modell 172 and can be transformed s and exported Imported CFturbo projects are a pure 3D data import The structure of geometrical parts is visible in the 3D model treel 7 but no design steps can be modified If the the import consumes a lot of time a lower resolution can be selected see also Model display
207. hint becomes visible when D o n a 2s the mouse cursor is on the button 2 4 E P Eee zm 12 Rename DU SOA Perfomance o ada remove components for cuenca paa E Project J Selected Component J Some buttons have more complex hints if 7 EE gt 1 cft CFturb the function needs more explanation pa Lad dono ic PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELP Ss 3D MODEL_ s gt 3D MODEL BLADES elected 3D component 5 Single blade O Jy Area Radial Impeller gt 5 Blade passage O iere d mm Selection Number of blades E 1 Displays an approximately Meridian perpendicularly flown through area between hub shroud and two Components recent state gt X neighboring blades at a selectable ro location m Components A E PLEASE NOTE This option refers to E the component currently selected i in the 3D model tree By the e Button CFturbo orb the file menul 67 can be accessed Next to it the quick access toolbar is placed It can be customized by using the context menu of any element in the ribbon The tab pages contain control elements grouped by functionality PROJECTI 7A if a project is currently opened IMPELLERHI A impeller 3 STATORT 44 if the current project contains a VOLUTE A PREFERENCES A CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH MOS CFturbo 10 2 3D MODEL es 3D view 172 3D MODEL BLADES ifthe corresponding view is Tel 1
208. how in cross section refers to the cross section diagram Cut water section cut water cross section Equivalent diameter outlet equivalent diameter dashed line Filled cross sections filled cross sections Possible warnings It S not possible to calculate spiral contour exactly Please check Volute Inlet definition and geometry Spiral sections cannot be calculated due to Too narrow cross section shape can result in unusual inflow direction or volute cross section unreasonable high height width ratio Try to definition select another cross section shape Volute end cross section is not reasonable Check Volute Inlet definition and geometry The properties of the end cross section are not Check the properties of the end cross section reasonable e g the ratio H5 B5 is too low or too high See also the hints to the error It s not possible to calculate spiral contour exactly Spiral contour calculation failed due to invalid inflow conditions Check Volute Inlet definition Spiral sections cannot be calculated due to The flow angle on volute inlet should be small invalid inflow direction lt 45 90 is completely invalid It can be checked in Volute Inlet definition page Volute right at Values Flow angle The inlet flow angle is defined by the previous component If no previous component exists the inflow angle is defined by Global setup Inflow Angle of last cross section definition i
209. ial element blade Radial element blades are used especially with highly loaded fast speed turbines in order to avoid bending stresses within the blades due to centrifugal forces The blades are composed of radial blade fibres if straight lines can be put into the mean surfaces in a way that they go through the axis of rotation at z constant Radial element blades require the following geometrical boundary conditions for radial amp mixed flow impellers e Blade angle at input turbines or output resp all other types 90 e Inclination anglel 274 from hub and shroud to the horizontal 90 e Vertical trailing turbines or leading edge resp all other types with z const e Small wrap angle 360 number of blades O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 307 8 3 1 2 Blade angles 2 Impeller Blade properties v On this page the blade angles are calculated O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 308 CFturbo 10 r Blade properties m Blades Information ie rn 6 E 3 Penis al 6 al 2 11 Velocity triangles Values DefaultRB Meridian g Y O Blade setup i Span 1 Hub Span 6 Shroud Hub Shroud Leading edge Trailing edge Leading edge Trailing edge z 60 7 94 15 7 55 Ll Calculate RB JW Automatic d 89 4 277 189 295 oF 90 17 6 90 18 7 Span BB1 BB2 RF 32 6 16 3 16 2 14 Hub san a u 8 3 25 7 17 5 27 3 ub NM c cm 53 39 54 39 E 459 cu 0 12 3 0 11 6
210. ialogs The configuration contains the visibility as well as width and height of the visible elements Ask for deactivating automatic calculations when loading older file If a CFturbo project was created by an older version and contains automatic calculations the user will be asked for deactivating it when opening such a file This should assure identical geometry over several CFturbo versions See Automatic calculations 42 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 157 3D model mouse handling Here you can assign functions Rotate Zoom Move to the mouse buttons Left Middle Right for handling the 3D model 721 Action when double clicking component The default action for double clicking on a component in the component list can be set This enables the user to quickly switch to the menu needed Check for available updates Optionally you can check for available updates at program startup 3 alternative intervals are available at each start weekly monthly General preferences ES mm Check for updates E Global settings Mouse handling Updates Check for available updates CFturbo F Automatica Magi Running version 10 0 0 At each start Weekly Available version 928 y checknow Last check 2015 03 20 NO Updates available Automatic check for updates can be configured in Preferences Settinas General PA Copyright 2015 Y OK Cancel 2 Heip Y 2 CFturbo Software amp Engin
211. ian A rapid approximate method for the determining velocity distribution on impeller blades of centrifugal compressors NACA Technical note 2421 July 1951 John David Anderson R Grundmann E Dick Computational Fluid Dynamics An Introduction Springer Verlag 1996 Redlich O Kwong J N S On the Thermodynamics of Solutions V An Equation of State Fugacities of Gaseous Solutions Chemical Reviews 44 No 1 pp 233 244 1949 Aungier R H A Fast Accurate Real Gas Equation of State for Fluid Dynamic Analysis Applications Journal of Fluids Engineering Vol 117 pp 277 281 1995 Giorgio Soave O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EN CFturbo 10 11 2 Equilibrium constants from a modified Redlich Kwong equation of state Chemical Engineering Science 27 No 6 pp 1197 1203 1972 Peng D Y Robinson D B A New Two Constant Equation of State Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals Vol 15 pp 59 64 1976 Symbols MEN Obstruction of flow channel by blades emm Angular velocity BEN CON BEN EN Ple A Thickness in circumferential direction Speed coefficient A C Cm e F Wrap angle Flow coefficient ro pw ko mmm y MM RN ML NNNM homm 000000000 Eom SSCS O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 11 3 Contact addresses Development Sales Support CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH a CFturbo 10 www cfturbo com Un
212. iate design step to be removed and then press the OK button Of course all following design steps after the selected one are removed too Remove design steps APN Remove design steps Main dimensions Select steps to remove A Meridional contour Inlet definition V Blade properties Q Cross Section O Spiral areas Y 9k cancel 2 Hep Y ox Xconce P Hep O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 6 3 IMPELLER STATOR VOLUTE These menus are used for the actual component design A separate tab with the corresponding design steps is available for each component type IMPELLER 189 A ta E Pump2 cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 ES PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELP Selected Impeller e A i E Z G Vj 1 d x Main Meridional Blade Blade Blade Blade CFD Model Model lt Radial Impeller gt dimensions contour properties meanlines profiles edges setup settings finishing Mean line 253 Selection Meridian Meanline Blading l Additional ign m 292 ur odef 2 A lad 9 gt Vent_Airfoil_HighPressure cft Ventilator CFt A d PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELP Sele ted Impeller e z V EZ Y 7 e a5 Main Meridional Blade Blade Blade CFD Model Model Impeller gt dimensions contour properties profiles sweep setup settings finishing Selection jl Meridian jl Airfoil Blading Jl Additional Airfoil Hydrofoil design model ss STATORT ssal AN fa 9 gt
213. ic IP address Make sure that the time and date of the server machine is correct Do not manipulate these settings manually License server on Virtual Machines The CFturbo license server software can be installed and used on a Virtual Machine e g VMware However the license handling on a Virtual Machine environment is not tested and certified Problems related to the use of virtual servers cannot be resolved by the CFturbo support and should be reported to the Virtual Machine supplier Note that using Virtual Machines to duplicate the available CFturbo licenses is explicitly prohibited Steps for network licensing For using CFturbo with a network license the following steps have to be performed 1 Setting up the CFturbo license serverl 18 2 Requesting a license using the Request Generator 20 3 Storing the received license file in the CFturbo license server installation directory 18 4 Configuring the clients for accessing the network licensel 221 License server setup Installing the license server The CFturbo license server is installed by a setup separate from the CFturbo program It includes the following components e server files e Windows Service Reprise LM for CFturbo Request Generator e this manual The license server will be installed as a Windows Service which is automatically started on system boot O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH After running the setup and completing installation di
214. ign theory to simplify the realistic flow applying representative streamlines for the first design approach Employing 1D streamline theory the following cross sections are significant in particular area just before leading edge index 0 at the beginning index 1 and at the end of the blade index 2 and finally behind the trailing edge index 3 The cross section S is situated at the suction side in the connection flange of the component following the turbine Details gt Setupl Assumptions 2 gt Dimensions 243 The design of the main dimensions has to be made in a strict order This will be secured by the following One step within the design has to be finished completely before the next can be accomplished That is to say the changeability of a tab sheet will be disabled by CFturbo until all necessary parameters have been specified CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 242 CFturbo 10 8 1 4 1 Setup On page Setup one can specify some basic settings General O Parameters 6 Dimensions Manual dimensioning 7 t v Unshrouded Tip clearance 2 019 mm E J Splitter blades gt Blade angle Mean blade angle paa po Mean angle of incidence npo On panel General you can select e Manual dimensioning In manual dimensioning mode the main dimensions and blade angles are not calculated by CFturbo All these values are user defined input values Splitte
215. illet cannot be created because intersection curve of spiral and diffuser is tangential to the sharp diffuser edge ee 10 5 1 Simple The simple cut water is a rounding off between spiral and diffuser CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 438 CFturbo 10 Design mode Simple Fiet Sharp The rounding is defined by the angular position Qc 9 0 start of volute Underneath the minimum Angular position co 22 7 necessary angular position is displayed to prevent i Min value 17 3 overlap of the actual volute and the diffuser Radial offset ArC lo mm Cut water height 0 11 fo 11 Side position 0 085 fo 085 Round edges Additionally the diffuser can be shifted in radial direction by the radial offset Ar to reduce the intersection of spiral and diffuser This radial offset corresponds to the cut water thickness CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Side position defines the transition position from the central rounding surface to the side surfaces For asymmetric spiral cross sections two independent values can be specified for left and right side The created edge can be rounded optionally Round edges The cut water height has a similar effect like side position and defines the transition position of the cut water surface on the spiral outlet O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH so CFturbo 10 SidePos 0 5 SidePos 0
216. imm Reaction Velocity v OK X Conca 2 Help It can be chosen from 3 different modes concerning the manipulation of c r Radial equilibrium Variable Joad v Variable load Cu Variable load rel to free vortex Free vortex Variable load rel to free vortex Variable load The c r specification is C r is defined to get the The slope is the derivative controlled by a second order same swirl at every span according to Bezier curve O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 356 CFturbo 10 EA Ut slope With a slope of zero a free vortex distribution is set Please note There is not always a solution of the differential equation of the radial equilibrium Therefore some Bezier point constellations are not possible At the second tab of the diagram the distribution of the corresponding degree of reaction is ispl R Ah Ah d sp ayed stat tot r Blade properties XA Moo UU uU Blades Information Numbes Number 3 of tines B 2 dane 2j 2 15 Velocity triangles Values Meridian Diagrams Axial values Hub Shroud Inside blade passage Outside blade passage Profile selection Profile properties Velocity Reaction 0 7 062 064 0 66 0 68 0 72 Y OK X Conca 2 Help 8 4 1 1 1 Radial equilibrium Basis of this is the balance of pressure and centrifugal forces
217. ineering GmbH Menu 129 7 AutoGrid5 8 10 2 Project undefined a Exe Help Row Definition File Geometry View Grid Tools Modules Select All Select All Rows Open Project Add ZR Effect Add3DEffect New Project ARDA Save Project m amp Row Conto XAB e Aa Adi Feir Save Project As Row List Save Template 5 row 1 Save Template As 5 Meridional Techno Effects Save Grid Project List Scripts Print Export Import Preferences Quit Geometry Definition Edit Hub Edit Shroud Edit Nozzle Channel Control Check Meridional Curves Import Geometry File Import and Link CAD Units Mesh Control Number of Grid Points 264309 Grid Level C Coarse Medium C Fine C UserTarget ooo gt F Detailed Control Re set Default Topology f Row Wizard Row Mesh Control Enter gt gt 20 434568 2189285 0 000000 Active B2B Layer ew Close dialog by nitialize a New Project from a geomTurbo File 7 Create a new Project QJ Start a New Project From Scratch T With By Pass F With Fin on Fan F Cascade Ey Initialize a New Project from a geomTurbo File Cancel e f the model have more than one vaned component add so many rows as additional vaned components O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 130 CFturbo 10 7h AutoGrid5 9 0 3 Project undefined a Row Definition File Geometry View Grid Tools Mo
218. ing of faults and damage caused by incorrect use by the User the influence of third parties or force majeure events 9 The remedying of faults and damage caused by environmental conditions at the setup location by defects in or absence of the power supply faulty hardware operating systems or other influences not attributable to the Licensor 2 Payment 1 If the User has acquired the Software for a limited period of time then the payment for the maintenance has already been effected in full with the payment of the licence fee O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 460 CFturbo 10 2 In the event of a right of use for an unlimited period of time the first twelve months of maintenance are included in the licence fee In the following period the annual maintenance fee can be found in the enclosed price table The Licensor is entitled to adjust the maintenance fee on an annual basis in accordance with the general trend of prices If the increase in the maintenance fee amounts to more than 5 the customer may cancel the contractual relationship 3 Duration of the Contract In the case of a time limited right of use maintenance contract ends with the expiration of the right of use of the Software In the case of a time unlimited right of use the maintenance contract is extended after the first twelve months by a further twelve months respectively unless the User opposes this in writing to the Licensor within a period of
219. ings These settings are used in further design steps and can be modified by selecting the Change settings button Of course these default settings can be modified manually in the appropriate design steps See Preferences Impeller Stator settings isl for more information O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 220 Some design point values are displayed in the right Information panel when selecting the page Values see Global setupl 71 8 1 3 2 Parameters On page Parameters you have to put in or to modify parameters resulting from approximation functions in dependence on specific speed nq or flow rate Q see Approximation functions 145 Main dimensions En Setup Dimensions Information Parameters Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 12 mt ES Blade outlet cross section 2 Schematic sketch for illustration only JV Automatic fit view Calculate impeller diameter d2 with isis Wb 509 5 Diameter coefficient v 54 484 5 E Calculate outlet width b2 with Outlet width ratio v b2 d2 0 039 TT Blade inlet cross section 1 Suction side cross section S Calculate suction diameter dS with Merid deceleration v cm2 cmS 1 Efficiencies Design relevant Information only Total to total efficiency ntt po Casing efficiency nc 100 10 30 70 110 150 v Ok X cancel Help For details of how to handle the parameter edit fields please see Edit fields w
220. inimum relative velocity shall not be smaller than 0 3 w W Ackeret p M mx Ackeret na 1 8 w W uin Ackeret 0 3 w Blade profiles Impeller Blade profiles A To create blade profiles main and splitter the orthogonal blade thickness distribution for the hub and the shroud profile is used By default the thickness is defined at leading edge at trailing edge and at the control points of the blade For the initial CFturbo design typical values in dependence on the impeller diameter d are used see Approximation functions 1145 2 impeller types have special thickness distribution Waste water pumps have very high thickness at leading edge to avoid solid attachments Starting from 2096 of the blade length the thickness is constant up to the trailing edge Inducer pumps have very low thickness at leading edge to improve suction performance The O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 338 CFturbo 10 very small leading edge thickness is increasing up to 40 80 of pitch t md n Bi to achieve constant blade thickness The thickness distribution is asymmetric and sharpen at the suction side only The representation of the thickness distribution is made along the relative blade length 0 leading edge 1 trailing edge EE MES i B o 0 reee e a amp 9 B L eo g Design mode E Additonal Views v I Siue SS PS Coupling
221. instructions Under Design rule two alternatives can be selected 1 Pfleiderer Experience has shown that the losses can be greatly minimised if the volute housing is dimensioned such that the fluid flows in accordance with the principal of conservation of angular momentum The cross section areas are therefore designed in accordance with the principal of conservation of angular momentum i e angular momentum exiting the impeller is constant In addition an exponent of angular momentum x can be chosen so that the principle c r const is obeyed When x 1 the angular momentum is constant For the extreme of x 0 the circular component of the absolute velocity cu remains constant at the impeller outlet PuOa a T b r Q r fa dr The integral can be explicitly solved for simple cross section shapes rectangles trapezoids circles For other arbitrary shapes it can be solved numerically 2 Stepanoff Alternatively it can be beneficial to design the volute with a constant velocity in all cross sections of the circumference According to Stepanoff this constant velocity can be determined empirically The constant k can be determined dependent on the specific speed na see Approximation function 3 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 42 CFturbo 10 10 3 2 2nkg 4 2gH la de 3 User defined Contrary to 1 and 2 the geometry progression is defined directly The end cross se
222. ion between suction pressure side and blade edge Used for export only z mm Axial coordinate DTDCTDDTDTTOTDTTTTTRTTTTTRTTTRTTTTRTTTTTTT TT TT TT TTTTT T m 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Reference components I x Configure Si ETE ISTE pr profile lengi 5 25 45 65 85 105 125 Z m m 2 ja 36 7 73 4 mm Y x E al RS d The following information can be displayed using the Additional views button e Informational values resulting blade angles at leading B5 and trailing edge Bj e 3D Preview 3D blade shape after the 2D blade profiles were projected into its span surface O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 365 Profile The previously selected blade profile names are displayed for information For NACA profiles the trailing edge thickness can be adapted for manufacturing reasons The additional thickness is added linearly over the length of the profile Radial 2D blade shape Radial 2D blades can be designed by using a constant stagger angle of a selected master span profile Please note By applying the radial 2D blade shape the aerodynamic properties of the resulting blade will be different from those stated in the Blade properties ssi Edge split The edge split position defines the transition from blade suction pressure side to the leading edge It s used for the 3D model generation as well as for the data export 8 4 3 Blade sweep Impeller B
223. ion specific Standard suction impeller u lt 50 m s 160 220 speed nas Suction impeller axial inflow u lt 35 m s 220 280 Suction impeller cont shaft u lt 50 m s 180 240 High pressure pump u gt 50 m s 160 190 Standard inducer u gt 35 m s 400 700 Rocket inducer gt gt 1000 NPSH A g Min NPSH X suction pressure coefficient for absolute velocity c inflow acceleration and losses 1 1 for axial inflow 1 2 1 35 for radial inflow casing suction pressure coefficient for relative velocity w pressure drop at leading edge 0 10 0 30 for standard impeller 0 03 0 06 for inducer for d calculation ventilator For d calculation O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 197 dimensionless expression for the specific energy 2 2 V Y u 2 and y Yer u 2 0 7 1 8 radial impeller 0 25 0 7 mixed flow impeller 0 1 0 4 axial impeller Work coefficient y E high gt small d flat characteristic curve low gt high d steep characteristic curve Ifthe check box use is set d calculation is done on the basis of Y 47 Y Otherwise Y specific work without losses is used Diameter coefficient 6 according to Cordier diagram see Dimensions 20 Outflow angle 6 13 recommended for stable performance curve with nq rising For b calculation Outlet width ratio 0 04 0 30 rising with nq for pumps Mer deceleration 0 60 0 95 rising
224. ios given in the tab sheets Setup and Parameters O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 262 CFturbo 10 You may accept the proposed values or you can modify them slightly e g to meet a certain normalized diameter dui In case the checkbox Automatic is activated a new calculation will accomplished after any change of parameter Then the manual alteration of the main dimensions is not possible O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 263 Main Dimensions E O Setup Parameters Information Main dimensions Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 421 Calcuisis Ns 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000 Ng 10 20 50 100 200 5 Inlet 5 Hub diameter dH1 148 mm Shroud diameter dS1 168 mm y Mixedfiow__ Outlet Hub diameter dH2 148 mm Shroud diameter dS2 169 mm Get Inlet from neighboring component y 19 1 05 d may Specific diameter 0 05 0 45 0 85 1 25 1 65 2 05 2 45 Specific speed c o y 34 v OK X Conca 2 Help Information In the right panel of any tab sheet an information panel is situated which holds the computed variables in accordance to the actual state of design the resulting Meridional section s as well as the Cordier Diagramml amp with the location of the best point These three sections can be chosen by the appropriate soft buttons in the heading In the information section of the tab sheet
225. ious diameters result in different leading edge blade angles therefore 3D curved blades are created This leads to better performance curves higher efficiencies and improved suction capacity for pumps The position of the leading edge should be chosen in a way that the energy transmission should be about equal on all meridional flow surfaces A criterion is the approximately equal static moment S r dx of the meridional streamlines on hub and shroud between leading and trailing edge In the Static moment section the corresponding numerical values are displayed Both ends of the leading edge should be perpendicular to the meridional contours of hub and shroud if possible To obtain equal static moments on hub and shroud the trailing edge is often not parallel to axial direction particularly at higher specific speeds mixed flow impellers Additional views The following information can be displayed in the meridional contour dialog using the Additional views button EJ Additional Views Informational values 3D Preview Curvature progression Static moment Area progression Cm progression Informational values Some additional values are displayed for information Minimal curvature radius on hub and shroud position is marked on the hub and shroud curves e Static moment S from leading to trailing edge on hub and shroud see below O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 287 e Angle in the hub and shro
226. is considered to be purely an approximation method The Licensor is not liable for the functioning of the data obtained in practice for the manufactured prototypes or components or for possible consequential damages resulting therefrom 8 The Licensor is liable for damage involving injury to life and limb or to health without limitation insofar as this damage is the result of a negligent or intentional breach of obligation on the part of the Licensor or one of his legal representatives or vicarious agents 4 Otherwise the Licensor is liable only for gross negligence and deliberate malfeasance 5 Liability for consequential damages due to defects is excluded 6 The above regulations also apply in favour of the employees of the Licensor 7 The liability according to the Product Liability Act 8 14 ProdHaftG remains unaffected 8 The liability of the Licensor regardless of negligence or fault for defects already existing on entering into the contract according to 536 a para 1 of the Civil Code is expressly excluded 10 Inspection Obligation and Notification Obligation 1 The User will inspect the delivered Software including its documentation within 8 working days after delivery in particular with regard to the completeness of the data media and user manuals as well as the functionality of the basic program functions Defects determined or detectable hereby must be reported to the Licensor within a further 8 working days by me
227. is displayed Using of and AP buttons additional standard specifications and user defined gt ej diameters can be added or existing parameters can be removed from the list 22 5 er At File location the name of the file containing the diameters is pipe RE shown The file is originally called Diameter cftdi and is located Wertes s ad in the installation directory of CFturbo Modifications of the list will aoe be saved if the user is leaving the dialog window by clicking the Y ox Xcence 2 Hep OK button In case there are no write permissions the user can choose another directory to save the file Renaming of files is possible by Save as functionality By clicking the Open button a previously saved file can be opened Information In the right panel of any tab sheet an information panel is situated which holds the computed variables in accordance to the actual state of design the resulting Meridional section 25 as well as the Cordier Diagramml 203 with the location of the best point These three sections can be chosen by the appropriate soft buttons in the heading In the Value section the following variables are displayed for information which result from calculated or determined main dimensions Work coefficient Flow coefficient Meridional flow coefficient CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 204 CFturbo 10 Diameter coefficient Average inlet velocity Average inlet velocity net Average outlet
228. is not Select another impeller type axial radial or suitable to the selected impeller type adapt the value for power partitioning between impellers 8 1 1 Radial Mixed flow Pump Ventilator Impeller Main dimensions e The Main Dimensions menu item is used to define main dimensions of the impeller Main Dimensions are forming the most important basis for all following design steps O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EN CFturbo 10 The real flow in an impeller is turbulent and three dimensional Secondary flows separation and reattachment in boundary layers cavitation transient recirculation areas and other features may occur Nevertheless it is useful and it is common practice in the pump design theory to simplify the realistic flow applying representative streamlines for the first design approach Employing 1D streamline theory the following cross sections are significant in particular suction area index S just before leading edge index 0 at the beginning index 1 and at the end of the blade index 2 and finally behind the trailing edge index 3 Details gt Setupl 1 3 Parameters 124 Dimensions z CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 193 8 1 1 1 Setup On page Setup you can specify some basic settings Main dimension O Parameters Dimensions Information Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles J Manual dimensioning i
229. is the shroud O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 333 With an example of a compressor some means for the manipulation of the blade lean CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 33 CFturbo 10 angle are given e 2 7 blade angle 3 e 2 1 move second Bezier point 231 at leading edge e 2 7 wrap anglel 53 f e 1 1 and enlargement of the curvature reduction of the meridional extension of the meridional contour 268 8 3 2 4 Blade loading calculation Determination of velocity distribution on impeller blades by Stanitz amp Prian sh Stream lines must be known a priori see Meridional flow calculation ze Stream lines rotated around z axis build stream surfaces The relative velocities will be calculate in a blade to blade section that is encapsulated by two adjacent stream surfaces Single values of relative velocities will be determined at r constant Before that an average velocity is calculated on the basis of the continuity equation The part mass flow is a function of the entire mass flow number of blades and number of stream lines Between two adjacent stream surfaces there is always the same mass flow CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 335 wW Wp s The cross section is determined by stream line distance Ah the radius r the tangential distance between pressure and suction side of two neighboring blades At and by a mean relative flow angle A r A
230. ith empirical functions 4 Parameters O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 230 CFturbo 10 The panel Parameters allows defining alternative values in each case for the calculation of the following impeller main dimensions e suction diameter ds e impeller diameter d e impeller width b For d calculation dimensionless expression for the specific enthalpy Ah Y and AhzY resp eff _ Ah sh Ah T u 2 di u 2 Work coefficient y high gt small d flat characteristic curve low gt high d steep characteristic curve If the check box use is set d calculation is done on the basis of Ah Ah Otherwise Ah the isentropic specific enthalpy is used dimensionless flow rate Qis P T 12 Total Flow coefficient q 229 u 0 01 narrow radial impeller untwisted blades 0 15 mixed flow impeller twisted blades Diameter coefficient 6 according to Cordier diagram see Dimensions ss CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 231 dimensionless peripheral speed of impeller related to total inlet speed of sound _ YW Machine Mach number Ma ats Peripheral speed u Limiting values due to strength as a function of the material For b calculation Outlet width ratio b d 0 01 0 15 with nq rising dimensionless flow rate ws Q Cam Meridional flow coefficient o i nd b u u 0 10 0 50 with nq rising For d calculation optional Diam
231. ive streamlines for the first design approach Employing 1D streamline theory the following cross sections are significant in particular suction area index S just before leading edge index 0 at the beginning index 1 and at the end of the blade index 2 and finally behind the trailing edge index 3 Details Setupl 2 gt Parameters 22 gt Dimensions z3 228 CFturbo 10 8 1 3 1 Setup On page Setup you can specify some basic settings Main dimensions ES 0 Parameters Dimensions Information General Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles Manual dimensioning i v Unshrouded Tip clearance 2 mm Design point Rotational speed n 14000 min V Splitter blades Variant 1 Mass flow m 5 31 kg s Specific work Y 85980 m s Power output PQ 456 55 kw Additional casing efficiency nc 1 00 Specific speed EU nq 32 185 Y OK 7 X Cancel 7 Help On panel General you can select Manual dimensioning In manual dimensioning mode the main dimensions and blade angles are not calculated by CFturbo All these values are user defined input values Splitter blades Design impeller with or without splitter blades Unshrouded Design a shrouded closed or unshrouded open impeller For an unshrouded impeller you have to define the tip clearance When creating a new design the initial default settings for some important properties are displayed in the panel Initial default sett
232. ketch for illustration only v Automatic fit view r mm 170 The Cordier diagram is based on an intensive empirical analysis of proved turbomachinery using extensive experimental data O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 225 CFturbo 10 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 500 1000 2000 3000 5000 10000 10 20 30 50 10 200 300 20 Radial Axial NNNM Mixed flow o ao Specific diameter 5 wy 4 05 d va 0 05 0 1 0 2 03 05 1 2 Specific speed c p y The Velocity triangles are the result of a mid span calculation and are based on the design point 71 and the main dimensions Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles i absolute c relative w velocity mid span 27 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 8 1 3 Centrifugal Compressor Impeller 227 Impeller Main dimensions e The Main Dimensions menu item is used to define main dimensions of the impeller Main Dimensions are forming the most important basis for all following design steps O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH The real flow in a compressor impeller is turbulent and three dimensional Secondary flows separation and reattachment in boundary layers transient recirculation areas and other features may occur Nevertheless it is useful and it is common practice in the compressor design theory to simplify the realistic flow applying representat
233. l as to special design features like bypass installations and auxiliary aggregates Efficiencies calculated by approximation functions 4s are representing the theoretical reachable values and they should be corrected by the user if more information about the impeller or the whole pump are available The hydraulic efficiency or blade efficiency describe the energy losses within the pump caused by CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 24 CFturbo 10 friction and vorticity Friction losses mainly originate from shear stresses in boundary layers Vorticity losses are caused by turbulence and on the other hand by changes of flow cross section and flow direction which may lead to secondary flow flow separation wake behind blades etc The volumetric efficiency is a quantity for the deviation of effective flow rate Q from total flow rate inside the impeller Q which also includes the circulating flow within the ventilator Q ny 2520 70 0 95 Q rising with decreasing tip clearance The mechanical efficiency mainly includes the friction losses in bearings and seals Nm 71 Pm 0 95 0 995 P rising with impeller size Total total and volumetric efficiency are most important for the impeller dimensioning because of their m influence to Y and or a the machine The mechanical efficiency is affecting only the required driving power of Information In the right area of the register Parameter you can find again s
234. l dialogs 431 The progression dialog 461 gt Edit fields with empirical functions 47 Troubleshooting 48 2 1 Licensing e Preferences Licensing ES CFturbo can be used without a valid license in vewer mode This mode allows to open project files independent of the included components for reading access No changes can be done in viewer mode For modifying projects with CFturbo a valid license is necessary Does a project include multiple components only that ones can be modified a valid license is present for For example A CFturbo project containing a stator a radial pump impeller and a volute can always be opened If only the modules for stator and radial pump impeller have been licensed only this two components can be modified but not the volute A special feature of the CFturbo license model are stators With every license for volute or radial impellers it is possible to create and modify stators without blades O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ss Gemml 1 Radial ventilator impeller Radial compressor impeller Radial turbine impeller E E a a E 3 a m D at Stator vaned Present License w z module data can be modified r z module data is read only Menu item Licensing enables license handling Please select the desired activity A REQUEST new local license by E mail if a new nodelocked license is required SHOW current license information just for
235. l sot Remove Blade projection or RSI Connection O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 3s CFturbo 10 9 Stator Stator This chapter describes in detail the design process for stator type components Q featured in CFturbo The content reflects the design steps in the sequence they are encountered during the design process Design steps gt Main dimensions 3s gt Meridional contour ss gt Blade properties s gt Blade mean lines s gt Blade profiles s gt Blade edges 35 Model finishing ss gt Model settings s CFD setup 209 9 1 Main dimensions 2 Stator Main dimensions e The Main Dimensions menu item is used to define main dimensions of the stator O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Main dimensions General shape Information Stator type Radial diffuser ea Vy Set defaut Meridian preview Information values M Blades 280 Ar a abd e Splitter blades Unshrouded 0 Extent Inlet and Outlet values are coupled All values can be modified while some others are updated automatically Extent Inlet to Outlet p Centerline 7 y Hub Shroud Center Radial m 100 96 Auto fit view Y oK X Cancel Help General Shape Here you can define the stator type initially Currently the following types are available e Free form e Radial diffuser Using the button Set default you can set default pr
236. lade design mode e Airfoil Hydrofoil 5s Design according to Airfoil Hydrofoil design theory e Mean line 22 Design using Euler s equation on mean lines Initial default setting When creating a new design the initial default settings for some important properties are displayed in the panel Initial default settings These settings are used in further design steps and can be modified by selecting the Change settings button Of course these default settings can be modified manually in the appropriate design steps See Preferences Impeller Stator settings e for more information Some design point values are displayed in the right Information panel when selecting the page Values see Global setup 74 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 8 1 2 2 Parameters Pump On page Parameters you have to put in or to modify parameters resulting from approximation functions in dependence on specific speed nq or flow rate Q See Approximation functions A Main Dimensions EX O Setup 6 Dimensions Information Parameters Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 121 i 4 Calculate impeller diameter dS2 with Y Schematic sketch for illustration only v Automatic fit view Work coefficient X y o 128 usen c o E Calculate hub diameter dH2 with Diameter ratio X 29 154 v BH2 90 Meridional expansion contraction E a 3 Calculate inlet 451 dH1 with Merid velocity ratio cm2 cm
237. lade sweep gt In this design step the blade sweep can be optionally specified Blade sweep is normally only useful for acoustic reasons and comes at the cost of slightly reduced efficiency In default configuration this design step does not generate any sweep by aligning the centroid points of all profiles exactly in radial direction You can return to an unswept configuration at any time by using the Reset sweep curve option The left area of the dialog is comprised of four diagrams that display the current blade sweep definition represented in several projections Depending on the Sweep mode see below selected only two of these diagrams are active at a time whereas the other two diagrams are merely informative The design curves orange in active diagrams exhibit control points which are movable along design guide lines gray which subdivide the radial space between Hub blue and Shroud green The user designed sweep projections are combined into the 3D sweep curve which is then applied to the blade geometry by stacking the blade profiles along it The informative sweep projections are updated accordingly Independently of Sweep mode the blade positioning in the meridional contour can be controlled in CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 366 CFturbo 10 the axial projection diagram top left Blade positioning can be controlled v a a special control point at the base of the sweep curve which can be moved along the
238. lation Static pressure See Blade loading calculation s34 Abs circumferential velocity See Blade loading calculation 241 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 330 CFturbo 10 Swirl See Blade loading calculation ss Blade loading See Blade loading calculation se Informational values The tables contain additional values for information Radial diffuser Stator type Radial diffuser only Various values to verify the quality of the diffuser design gt see Mean linels94 design for Radial diffuser stator type Cross section Throat area between neighboring mean surfaces This value depends on the number of blades the wrap angle and the blade shape Circular blade Radius sector angle center point leading edge point trailing edge point of circular arc Lean angle Lean angle values at leading A and trailing edge A gt see Blade lean anglel s 2 Blade loading Pump impeller only Blade loading estimation with lift coefficient Guelich Blade angle Table with the blade angles calculated in the Blade properties zz dialog or computed due to O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 331 simple blade shapes Blade angle in x y Table with the blade angles of the frontal vew p T In case of strictly radial impellers these values are consistent with the blade angles Blade angle with sine rule Turbine rotors only Calculated blade angle using the si
239. le originates from an older CFturbo version The following components contain automatic calculations 1 INDUCER Blade properties Blade angles BB1 BB2 2 RADIAL_IMPELLER Blade properties Blade angles BB1 BB2 3 VANED STATOR Blade properties Blade angles BB1 BB2 The recalculated values could deviate from the original values Do you want to DEACTIVATE all automatic calculations for this project in order to ensure the original geometry 7 Don t ask me again Can be reactivated in Preferences Settings General Y Yes OQ No Help 2 4 Graphical dialogs Most component design step dialogs contain 2D graphical representation The user interface is uniform concerning the following topics Diagram popup menu CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 All graphical representations are made in diagrams that are automatically scaled according to displayed objects All diagrams have a popup menu right click on empty diagram area with basic functions Alternatively you can use the buttons on the top side of the diagram view Copy to clipboard p Save to file iB Print amp Load extra polyline x Measut Zoom window by mouse Fit view Lens magnification Copy to clipboard Save diagram as BMP GIF JPG PNG or WMF Print Add any polyline from file x y points to compare different curves Measure distance Configure diagram Context sensitive popup menus If the mouse cursor is
240. ler Preferences Help E xX A m EF Import 3D geometry Y Active ia SERA W Reference components 112 Rename Global formance Expor Remove information setup prediction 7 Show messages component Delete design steps Project W 18 36 Radial Impeller gt Blade properties W 18 37 Radial Impeller gt Blade properties W 18 38 Radial Impeller gt Blade properties 4 18 42 Radial Impeller gt Main dimensions radial coordinate r mm t Components 150 The undo button is also placed in the quick access bar by default 6 2 2 Selected component Project Selected Component All operations in this group refer to the currently selected component Vtde SE 112 Rename Add Remove component Delete design steps Selected Component Add component 4 Active Rename Deletel 149 Remove design steps 143 6 2 2 1 Add component 2 Project Selected Component Add component ar A new component can be inserted before or behind the currently selected one followed by selecting the type or adding an existing one from another project O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 141 D Insert before gt lt P New Stator G New Volute B Existing component There can be up to 2 impellers in a project and a single volute only An impeller can be added only if the flow direction on the selected
241. les Cs este img IRAN MENO Update design parameters IRC BENE O Running geometry update with data ISR AS PEN ELO CFturboProject Type Object CFturboDesign Radiallmpeller Type Object Name amp lt Radial Impeller amp gt Info CFturbo Software and Engineering GmbH cft senbl 2 4 24 Index 0 Desc CFturbo component gt lt BladeProperties Type Object Desc Blade properties gt lt nBl Type Integer Desc Number of blades gt 7 lt nB1 gt BladeProperties gt CFturboDesign Radiallmpeller CFturboProject gt Z9 10 2013 A Ac ENITO Run design steps AO OS 1319829229 MINTO No hints 29 10 2013 16329445 INTO 1 lt Radial Impeller gt Blade properties Blade angles are updated automatically Therefore geometry modifications are possible 29 10 2013 168292435 TINTO 1 lt Radial Impeller gt Model finishing currently NOT up to date O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH General 29 10 2033 1 WYO exeicioja FOVME dte teer s General AO PZA QUES 1 Selecting all 1 components export 29 10 2033 1 Saving export files successful export log 29 105203 16829 94 3 MENE 295 10 203 9 19282924 5 085 File C NTestingNPumpl 9 1 all cft geo successfully exported 2951042015 35529925 MENETO Export action found for format General 29 10 2013 4 Saving export files successful export log 29 10 2013 16429345 UNO 2S LO 201S WEg29se43 MM TINETO
242. ling edge fixed on outlet 270 The position of the meridional blade leading edge on hub and shroud can be defined by its axial z radial r or relative position rel optionally In case of Splitter blades each leading edge can be designed individually The turbine rotors and compressor impellers have straight leading edges by default in case of turbines z constant additionally CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 236 CFturbo 10 8 2 3 The leading edge is designed by a 4th order Bezier curve too Regarding the Bezier points the statements made above are applicable in a similar way The only difference is the manipulation of the end points For the leading edge there is no restriction on hub and shroud contour The position of the leading edge always appears at the same relative position in a primary CFturbo design but this not mean to be a suggestion Leading edge can be designed as a straight line by selecting Straight in the context menu of the cune controlled by 2 Bezier points Additionally the edge can be strictly axial or radial z const or r const controlled by 1 Bezier point For radial impellers having nq 10 30 the leading edge is often designed parallel to the z axis As the trailing edge is parallel to the axis too for such applications 2D curved blades can be created At higher specific speed nq or due to strength reasons the leading edge often is extended into the impeller suction area Var
243. llations O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 150 CFturbo 10 Incompressible fluid for pumps ventilators only A constant density is the only parameter Compressible fluid for compressors turbines only In this case some gas properties are required because they are used in the gas models for the descriptions of the behavior of the gases Those parameters are e gas constant R e critical pressure p n temperature T and density crit crit acentric factor heat capacity C heat capacity coefficients C both at zero pressure compressibility factor Z Currently the following gas models are implemented They represent a relation between pressure temperature and density here given with its reciprocal the spec volume v Gas model Approach Annotation Reference first published MO i i Redlich Kwong E re Kwong Aungier Redlich Kwong Each approach has Aungier R H sh its own set of Soave Redlich Kwong c ne a b Soave 6 1 and c Peng Robi Peng D Y Robinson eng Robinson DB Ta The implemented gas property models can be tested with user defined data Those data consists of a thermodynamic state defined by p and T Using these values the density and the specific heat C will be calculated The latter is calculated from the following approach at a pressure close to zero O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 3 c T o ETA i 0 Menu 151 Also u
244. lts in symmetric geometry i e points 0 4 and 1 3 have the same horizontal position and point 2 is on the middle line There are two different possibilities to determine the shape of the blade edge In the Bezier curve option panel you can select between Coupled linear only blade edges of hub and shroud will be fixed while anything between will be interpolated linearly Uniform when designing blade edge on hub or shroud then Bezier points of all other leading edges have the same relative positions Info Info area represents information of Blade edge design Display options Display options only influence the graphical representation For instance the visibility of the smallest cross section can be toggled O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 347 The Frontal view switch above the diagram er ra A 00000000 represents the designed blades in a frontal 2960 BAS wo B O Zoombiato Zoomel adatonalvews v i K or view including diameters d und d Furthermore the smallest cross section between 2 neighboring blades is displayed SO le E 8 i B8 amp 5585 The warning indicates that some parts of the blade Dependent upon the location of these areas leading edge are outside the meridional dimensions one has to modify leading or trailing edge of the component If the leading edge or the trailing edge of turbines exceeds the
245. lues available in batch mode Save these changes into the Project file before applying batch mode updates Make sure that automatic blade angle update is deactivated in the blade property dialog to make blade angles available in batch mode Save these changes into the Project file before applying batch mode updates Values for splitter blades are only available when splitters are not geometrically linked to main blades See blade properties 292 Control points are always listed as Cartesian coordinates They can be modified within the same constraints that exist in interactive design mode Modifications that violate the constraints will be corrected Explicit coordinates will also be overridden when additional relative coordinates for corresponding control points are provided These relative parameters are listed below the complete control point list and are specified the same way as in the corresponding design dialogs see Right Click on Bezi r control point 44 2 2 2 Parameters for volutes Inlet definition lt SpiralCasingBC gt Inlet geometry see Interface definition 40 Interface position Hub Shroud if the volute is the lt MerData gt primary interface side Offsets for Hub Shroud or Center line Used to change Inlet diameter d and Inlet width b Diffuser lt SpiralCasingDiff gt CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 m Diffuser height h6 See Diffuser 23 gt lt
246. ly m const Points 3 can be moved interactively move rotate trailing edge Points 0 leading edge can moved only by modifying wrap angles in table Boundary conditions By activating the Central Bezier point option a flexible central point is added for representing each mean line by a 4th order Bezier curve As a result more flexibility is provided In panel Blade angles the blade angles p see Blade properties 253 and the angles in x y lane frontal view are stated for information B1 xy B2 xy In panel Blade information the angles of overlap of neighboring blades q and the incidence angle i see Blade properties 253 are stated Possible warnings Coupling partially deactivated Blade surface could be deformed The mean lines are currently not linearly Activate linear coupling if it is deactivated coupled which can result in deformed blade surfaces Homogenize p blade angle values see Blade properties 202 Either linear coupling has been deactivated or it is impossible because of highly deviating blade angle values The warning occurs because the intersection of pline and intersection line for one or more mean lines cannot be determined Usually this has one of the following causes CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 327 a It is geometrically impossible to determine this intersection approximate parallel lines b The intersection is not between the points of hub and shro
247. lyline rh E m F 3 L3 Save polyline E S8 C3 Reset n 3 RM First the desired polyline is imported via Import from file The ij EE imported curve is displayed red the original curve blue 10 2 Approximate Bezier curve 2 By pressing the Start button the i position of the Bezier points is calculated in such a way that the imported polyline is approximated E roughly e The existing and via context menu added Bezier points can be moved for better matching the imported curve 21 T 5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 P T 1029 11 4 100 Debug O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 3 CFturbo 10 8 3 4 Blade edges Impeller Blade edge c The prevously designed blade has a blunt leading and trailing edge connection line between endpoints of suction and pressure side The blade edges are designed by specifying its thickness distribution The representation of the blade thickness s is made on 15 of the straight blade length on leading and trailing edge If the complete thickness distribution including leading or trailing edge was already designed in the Blade profile 5 dialog then the Edge position asa transition from blade edge to blade suction pressure side has to be defined only sign Simple Elipse Bezier Pia Uniform Coupled linear Reference designs VV visible xe Configure Y OK XCancei P Help
248. m 1 cartesian coordinate icm UA Fs T T T zt LEGIS DET ELS SIRE ERI YAA ATT 130 M0 90 70 50 30 10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 Suebeip uorssaiboud senje euoneunojur The display of the curves can be toggled by the check boxes that are accessible via Vj in the lower corner on the left In case of splitter those curves of main and splitter blades can be hidden shown In case separate curves for suction and pressure side are existing their visibility can be toggled too 3D Preview O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 329 3D modell 72 of the currently designed mean surface Beta progression g Progression along every mean line Too high local extreme values should be avoided if possible Blade passage area Progression of the blade passage area within a channel built by two neighboring mean surfaces as well as hub and shroud Lean angle Distribution of the lean angle With the lean angle the quasi orthogonal of the blade leans away from the z direction The quasi orthogonal is a straight line connecting corresponding points on hub and shroud mean line These lines are setup in the blade properties dialog and are displayed in the meridional cut if just two mean lines were chosen Otherwise the quasi orthogonal is not displayed but internally determined by connecting corresponding points on hub and shroud mean line gt see Blade lean anglel ss2 Relative velocity See Blade loading calcu
249. ments Sketching Constrain Dimension Inspect Y C Emit o X wx Create entities by projecting curves or edges onto the sketch plane e Finalize sketching task by clicking on OK O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH wmoOego o Model Analysis Annotate SENT Fie Select System a Setup GetData Operations Datum m Model Tree j PRT0003 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT SX PRT CSYS DEF 8 Curve From File id 40 A Insert Here N Sketch 1 PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications Sketch AED ESO Oa A OF Sketching i Constrain Dimension Y Inspect io eu fel Requirements Save the section and exit 3 Select the curve and click on Model Shapes Revolve CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ns CFturbo 10 T0 sgus igea File Model Analysis Annotate Render JS a f ms s en Regenerate Plane X Pas a x Point Operations Datum P9 Model Tree T r E X E PRT0003 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT vx PRT_CSYS_DEF 84 Curve From File id 40 a A fX Sketch 1 gt Insert Here Zx Coordinate System f Swept Blend Chamfer Rib v B c Blend PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric o B X Flexible Modeling Applications p M O amp of Revolve ole D BS R o Pal uses IBS a Boundary Component Interface Shapes Y Engineering Y iti Surfaces Y Model Intent Y o Revolve
250. meridional boundaries you can adjust it in the Meridional contour 25 dialog only Exceeding trailing edge or leading edge of turbines can be corrected by trim on in outlet The orthogonal application of thickness on the O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 38 CFturbo 10 mean lines can result in some blade position outside the meridional boundaries As a result the model finishing 278 option solid trimming will probably fail Error while extrapolating Blade to reach Hub Shroud surface Check meridional geometry blade angles and thickness Trim may be poor failed due to meridional contour at suction port and LE The orthogonal blade thickness is added to the Meridional contour zs Account for blade blade mean line to create the blade sides Then thickness during leading edge positioning or one blade side will be trimmed on hub shroud the align leading edge towards the direction of the other one will be extrapolated to hub shroud shroud normal see images below surface The trimming extrapolation of blade and hub For the below illustrated configurations of shroud will be successfull depending on blade meridional contour and blade geometry the angles and blade thickness A solution can be extrapolation fails the modification of the leading edge by repositioning and changing its angle relative to the shroud Blade profilelss7 Reduce blade thickness Mean line s 3t Check mean line shape and keep lean a
251. mm Meridional leading edge E EI Axial Pump Bezier curve Inducer Blade shape E EI Axial Ventilator Free form 3D G Automotive cooling E EI AxialTurbine 4 Set default G Rocket engine y OK X Cancel 7 Help 162 CFturbo 10 On tab sheet Diagram options one can specify which parameter should be used for the x axis of the progression diagrams in the Meridional contour 268 and Mean line 3 dialog as well as for the cross section 73 Some constellations may yield undefined x values due to reference e g fuae AZya values that are zero Those constellations will be marked in the diagrams One should use another option in such a case abs meridional length M rel meridional length M M ya abs radius based meridional length m rel radius based meridional length m m abs radius r rel radius r r Max abs axial length z rel axial length AZ AZ ya On tab sheet Initial default settings one can select which settings should be used by default when creating a new design Individual settings can be specified for each machine type Pump Ventilator Compressor Turbine Of course these settings can be modified manually in the design step dialogs if required O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 163 6 5 3DMODEL This Menu is used for general handling of the 3D model D ta s Pump2 cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 lt PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELP gt 3D MODEL gt 3
252. model exports no component can be selected because the geometry to be exported is defined by its visibility in the 3D model O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Some of the interfaces support special component types only e g impellers Therefore some of the components could be deactivated Settings This area contains all available settings for the selected export interface like export destination and the base name of exported files Additional parameters can be available depending on the selected interface Export By pressing the Export data button the export procedure is started Some logging information are displayed in the area below For some CAD and CFD applications the exported geometry can be opened in the target application automatically The product version has to be selected from a list or the installation directory can be defined manually Export _ Open exported file s ri Export data Version 322 v B C Program Files Simerics SimericsMP exe Possible warnings CFD Setup Segment required see CFD Setup CFD setup not accomplished Execute CFD setup ssl generates a segment Blade tip projection to casing required see CFD Setup Blade tip projection not accomplished Check Blade projection in CFD setup Miscellaneous 70 Gap between leading trailing edge and inlet outlet required Select a stator on inlet outlet side if possible Alternatively CFD extension can be activated see CFD S
253. models including CFturbo components of reference projects 135 or simply imported 3D models h Visibility and render properties for imported models can be modified in the same way as for components of Section Components O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Views 181 Right clicking on items in the Imports section provides a context menu with additional import related options e Transform geometry applies user defined geometric transformations to currently selected import e Remove removes selected import from model tree and 3D view e Remove all removes all imported models from model tree and 3D view e Export as exports selected import in its transformed state This option is not available for STL imports E Imports E Pump3 cft Check all subelements M Radial Impeller gt Uncheck all subelements i Meridian a m Hub Transform geometry z E Shroud Remove H m Inlet Remove all f 1 id ge sportas IGES M Trailing Edge bes a C Flow Domain STL B Mean surface The option Transform geometry is intended to help align imported component models with the project model to make visual comparisons of the model shapes more convenient To this end any number of simple transformations can be applied via the dialog that opens when Transform geometry is selected The Transform geometry dialog allows the application of four Transform geometry zd different types
254. mp Engineering GmbH 8 1 4 3 Impeller 247 In the right panel of the tab sheet Parameter some variables are displayed for Information calculated with total density in the outlet Pio u 1 Isentropic velocity ratio In general for cost reasons single stage amp single intake machines are preferred covering a range of about 10 lt nq lt 400 In exceptional cases it may become necessary to design a rotor for extremely low specific speed values nq lt 10 These rotors are characterized by large rotor diameters and low rotor widths The ratio of free flow cross section area to wetted surfaces becomes unfavorable and is causing high frictional losses To prevent this one may increase either rotational speed n or mass flow rate if possible An alternative solution could be the design of a multi stage turbine reducing the pressure drop of a single stage If especially high specific speed values ng 400 do occur one can reduce rotational speed n or mass flow rate if feasible Another option would be to operate several single stage turbines having a lower nq in parallel Please note CFturbo is preferably used between 10 nq 150 radial and mixed flow rotors Dimensions In the panel Shaft the required shaft diameter is computed Shaft Hubles 1 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH NEON CFturbo 10 The main dimensions of a rotor suction diameter ds hub diameter d rotor diameter d and inle
255. mp Engineering GmbH Impeller 303 Problem Possible solutions The blade angle is too small or too large therefore Trailing edge 2641 The edge should be designing a Straight 2D blade shape is impossible moved to a higher radius LE LET so Blade angle should be increased cartesian coordinate y mm Stator Direction of rotation Leading edge Trailing edge x mm cartesian coordinate T5 185 195 205 215 225 O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 304 CFturbo 10 8 3 1 1 1 Ruled Surface blade Ruled surface blades are used especially to enable flank milling for manufacturing The mean surface is generated by spatial movement of a straight line When using splitter blades that are linked to main blade then this linkage can be specified in more detail Blades Number 8 Main Splitter linked of blades B 2 8 Splitter lv to Main blade Blade shape Blade thi Free form 3D will provide best results To conside Ruled surface 3D Y Options for linked splitter O Exact adjusts main blade E Mean lines only O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 305 You can choose between the following options Exact adjusts main blade The blade geometry of the splitter is forced to be equal to its main blade Therefore the leading edge of the splitter needs to be a ruling ofthe main blade Due to the flexible choice of the splitter leading e
256. n hub blue and shroud green Velocities directly before and behind blade area are displayed by dashed lines to show the influence of blockage in the flow domain Furthermore the blade angles are displayed by thick lines in order to see the incidence angle on the leading edge and the flow deviation caused by slip velocity on trailing edge 2 Values Numerical values of velocity components and flow angles are displayed in a table The track bar on top of table can be used to get the values at any span A short description is at mouse cursor too d Diameter Angle of absolute flow to circumferential direction Angle of relative flow to circumferential direction u Circumferential velocity Cm Meridional velocity c w c Axial component of absolute velocity C Radial component of absolute velocity C Circumferential component of absolute velocity C Absolute velocity w Circumferential component of relative velocity w c w Relative velocity T Obstruction by blades see below i Incidence angle i 4 Deviation angle w Deceleration ratio of relative velocity w w w O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 353 een 3 Meridian The Meridian with locations of the spans is displayed in this diagram z mm EIA 4 Current B Mince ees 43 w A RI Here blade angles as well as relative flow angles are displayed versus span Also the cho
257. nce of edit field Appearance if the mouse cursor is over the edit field Min and max values are displayed if a recommended range exists za CFturbo 10 2 7 2 7 1 Focused Appearance if the edit field is focused mouse click into the field If a recommended range 0 75 Y 0 92 exists min and max values are displayed as y log well as a sliding bar below E Default value The default value can be selected by pressing the arrow button above The numerical default value E is displayed as hint y ij Set default value 0 838 Empirical function The connected empirical function can be 5 y ox displayed by pressing the diagram button on the iid right side Furthermore the currently selected vbs function is visible as hint of this button E Show change function in use CFturbo default Troubleshooting This chapter provides information on how problems can be handled gt Error reporting 48 Emergency recovery 5 Known problems 52 Error reporting CFturbo includes an error reporting function which helps you to send the relevant information to the support team As bug reports help us to find and solve problems we always recommend to send the report and include as much information as you can provide to reproduce the error If an error occurred a window will appear that informs you about the error and provides 3 options e Send bug report Follow the Send assistant to add user and contact information
258. nd blades etc The rotor efficiency is the ratio between the actual specific enthalpy difference and the ideal isentropic specific enthalpy difference at loss less transmission Mi Nit Ah ttis The mechanical efficiency mainly includes the friction losses in bearings and seals rising with impeller size O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 261 Information In the right panel of the tab sheet Parameter some variables are displayed for Information pe calculated with total density in the outlet Flow Q u Efficiency total static Isentropic velocity ratio 1 In general for cost reasons single stage amp single intake machines are preferred covering a range of about 10 nq lt 400 If especially high specific speed values nq gt 400 do occur one can reduce rotational speed n or mass flow rate if feasible Another option would be to operate several single stage turbines having a lower ng in parallel Please note CFturbo is preferably used between 100 lt nq lt 400 axial rotors 8 1 5 3 Dimensions The main dimensions of a rotor inlet diameter ds and d and outlet diameter ds and d can be seen on Main dimensions panel They can be recomputed by pressing the Calculate button The computation is based on Euler s Equation of Turbomachinery on the continuity equation and the relations for the velocity triangles as well as on the parameters and parameter rat
259. ne rule For every mean line the calculated angles as well as their differences to the actual blade angles are given in a table gt see Sine rule ssh Blade length and solidity Table with length of the blade mean lines in 3D solidity of the blade mean lines chord length divided by n d z Other information Table with resulting angles of overlapping of 2 neighboring blades incidence angle i for hub and shroud 8 3 2 3 1 Sine rule Turbine rotors only With the help of the sine rule blade angles at the outlet can be evaluated In accordance to this rule blade angles at the outlet should have almost the same size as the angle that is built by a hypotenuse being the pitch t and a cathetus opposite leg being the smallest distance between two neighboring mean lines eq at a flow surface If this is the case the outflow can be regarded as almost tangential to the trailing edge This is shown in a picture for a single mean line O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 332 CFturbo 10 8 3 2 3 2 Blade lean angle The blade lean angle can not be controlled directly It is influenced by the meridional contour the meridional extension the wrap angle and the mean lines It is calculated on the basis of the length of the quasi orthogonal and a radius r multiplied with the turning angle The radius is that at the intersection of the quasi orthogonal and the outer span In the case given below this span
260. ne trter eris AA EAEra ssi riis 67 DEM Do c PME 69 2 PROJECT een erected iae ee RU ud Pe d e e oreste d 70 Projectin a a e rca aa vere ne pr eee as Sale ae hem e o 70 uiis erede IE 71 coloro 71 Performance prediction our tee denter nan eeu eens 77 EXPO 85 BI A A oidos 92 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 4 CFturbo 10 GAD ER 94 CD EE 97 jorge ieee cul T AN ueheerieecchs anette tt EAT EA eye 100 STI a li tt iia oda 100 Tetrahiedral volume MESA iia ra 101 AutoCAD Autodesk INC iii di 101 CATIA Dassault SySt mes dm iere eot enar Yet e 108 Creo Parametric PTG Ine ch dat ai ei 109 Inventor Autodesk Inc 3 ei AAA AA ae 125 AutoGrid NUMECA International sese eene 128 COMICO ANSY S 3 25 eth ee ta t ten e re t De tren Abc NO 131 TurboGrid ANS YS since mare tp done en d ete ote ete ce nero ad 132 SMOC ze e ree ee eer He v EIS 134 Data export limitations esses mm enn 135 Import SD geometry eoe toon lll 135 Reference components eese eene nnne eh hen nnne hnn enne nnns 135 Show Hide messages eesssssessseseseeeen eene nnn eiat Tea rdia eriat 139 WIAA Os A PESE e A et a E LASTE 139 Selected component Tp ME 140 Add c mponent c cia Aida 140 Active Rename Delete ri ennerien enn diair and sea tends idee decirte dex dee d EED daa 141 Remove design Steps seces aea a a a A a r a E a
261. new impeller is created the model settings of the last opened impeller are carried over Model finishing Impeller Model finishing pe The dialog offers different possibilities to design the connection between blade hub and shroud Model finishing I Connection Blade Hub Shroud Information No model finishing IL Extend blade only nishing in external CAD systems MV Shroud Ma Update mode o Manual by using this dialog Automatic after every design modificatio O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 379 No model finishing IJ Extend blade only Extends blades through hub shroud and trailing edge for later trimming in a CAD system E Solid trimming Trims blade on hub shroud and trailing edge affects only the solids and solid faces of Meridian Flow Domain Segment and Blade Trimming is only possible if the solids of Meridian Flow Domain and Blade could be created successfully Trimming is a time consuming operation up to 1 minute or some minutes for impellers with splitter blades Because only solids are trimmed point based exports cannot take advantage of this operation Details Solid trimming is based on a Segment s7 If no segment is defined it is created temporarily not visible to the user O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 300 CFturbo 10 Option Blade root fillet Fillets v Hub v Shroud Internal workflow The blades are ex
262. ng edge can be rotated by moving Bezier points 4 If lt Ctrl gt key is pressed simultaneously the whole trailing edge can be moved in axial direction with constant inclination angle change axial extension Inclination angle of trailing edge can be numerically determined by clicking the right mouse button on it In the design process for the meridional contours the user should try to create curvatures which are as steady as possible in order to minimize local decelerations The maximum values of the curvature should be as low as possible and should entirely disappear at the end of the contours These requirements are met very well by Bezier curves showing the above mentioned limitations Local cross section 2 rb should grow from the suction to the impeller diameter as uniformly as possible 8 2 1 1 1 Converting Polyline Bezier If using simple polyline for hub and or shroud e g for imported meridional geometrie this curve can be converted to a Bezier curve Thus it s possible to make systematic modifications of existing geometries O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH omo CFturbo 10 157 1477 1377 1277 1177 107 97 877 51 677 s 417 377 277 17 E Approximate Polyline to Bezier curve amm Arare Be 5 Y oe 4 Import Polyline ryemm Crsentmoub ATTE Start 155 Bl Approximate Polyline to Bezier curve Qe 8 Be
263. ng of which is typically to be expected in the context of software maintenance CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 2 The liability for data loss is limited to the typical data retrieval expenditure which would have come about in the regular preparation of backup copies in accordance with the risks 3 MISCELLANEOUS AGREEMENTS 1 Conflicts with Other Terms of Business Insofar as the User also uses General Terms of Business the contract comes about even without express agreement about the inclusion of General Terms of Business Insofar as the different General Terms of Business coincide with respect to their content they are considered to be agreed The regulations of the anticipated law replace any contradictory individual regulations This also applies to the case in which the Conditions of Business of the User contain regulations which are not contained in the framework of these Conditions of Business If the existing Conditions of Business contain regulations not contained in the Conditions of Business of the User then the existing Conditions of Business apply 2 Written Form All agreements which contain a modification addition or substantiation of these contractual conditions as well as specific guarantees and stipulations must be set down in writing If they are declared by representatives or vicarious agents of the Licensor they are only binding if the Licensor has granted his written consent to them 3 Notice and Cog
264. ngle on a low level CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 349 Problem Possible solutions Mean surface I Mean surface Missing intersection Blade thickness Blade thickness S S S SS w Blade Mean surface Ng N Blade Mean surface Miss Ines ng ntersecti ion Pressure Suction side at Hub Shroud max thickness is too high to get smooth surface The combination of of high blade thickness and Either blade thickness at the specified profile high meanline curvature results in degenerated side or meanline curvature at the specified blade profiles and prevents creating smooth blade span position has to be reduced surface O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 350 CFturbo 10 Blade thickness Max Blade thickness Mean surface Blade thickness Blade mean surface 8 3 4 1 Edge position If the complete thickness distribution including leading or trailing edge was already designed in the Blade profile 5 dialog then the Edge position 3 transition from blade edge to blade suction pressure side has to be defined only Frontal View x y Blade thickness js mm 22 I mm Blade length 75 175 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 351 In panel Geometry the transition from the blade edge to the suction pressure side can be defined Position in of the straight blade length Edge
265. nizance Confirmation The User is aware of the use of the existing General Conditions of Business on the part of the Licensor He has had the opportunity to take note of their content in a reasonable manner 4 Election of Jurisdiction In relation to all of the legal relations arising from this contractual relationship the parties agree to apply the law of the Federal Republic of Germany with the exception of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 5 Place of Jurisdiction For all disputes arising in the context of the execution of this contractual relationship Dresden is agreed to be the place of jurisdiction O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EN CFturbo 10 6 Severability Clause Should one or more of the provisions of this contract be ineffective or void then the effectiveness of the remaining provisions remains unaffected The parties undertake to replace the ineffective or void clauses with legally effective ones which are as equivalent as possible to the originally intended economic result The same applies if the contract should contain a missing provision which requires addition O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Index os 1D streamline 191 227 240 3D Model 172 173 179 183 3Dvew 183 3D model 135 3D View 286 A Acoustic benefit 365 Administrator 12 ALT 412 angle of flow 242 243 ANSA 97 Ansys 131 approximate 279 343 Approximation function
266. nse request to sales cfturbo com Save license file lt filename gt lic received from CFturbo sales team to CFturbo installation directory e g C Program Files x86 CFturbo 10 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Show 23 license information to check modules and dates 2 Network Server License NOT available for trial license In advance of using CFturbo with a network license the license server must be setup includes requesting and installing a network license For details see Network license setup 171 Every client computer that should run CFturbo has to be configured for using the network license Configure computer for network license usagel 17 2 Start CFturbo and open menu Preferences Licensing Licensing Show 231 license information to check modules and dates 2 1 1 Local license setup For using CFturbo with a local license 2 steps have to be performed Requesting a license using the CFturbo license dialog e Storing the received license file in the CFturbo installation directory Note If CFturbo is configured for using a network licensel 12 modules get checked out from that license first if available Requesting a local license If not either a local license file is present or a network license is configured CFturbo will start the licensing dialog Preferences Licensing Licensing O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 16 CFturbo 10 Here you can select REQUEST new l
267. nse expiration X Reset Additional Views configuration J lv Ask for deactivating automatic calculations when loading older file v Y ox conca Hep Y ok xconcel Hep General preferences Global settings Mouse handling Updates Check for available updates v Automatically Monthly y JV Ask before checking Y 9k cancel 2 Hep O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Language of online help In this dialog the language of online help can be set The default is English Warning before license expiration Furthermore you can specify the number of days for license expiration warning at startup Default value is 20 d ay S One or more license s will expire soon Radial pump impeller 10 05 2011 in 20 days 1 Radial ventilator impeller 10 05 2011 in 20 days The Warni ng mess age looks as Radial compressor impeller 10 05 2011 in 20 days follows A Radial turbine impeller 10 05 2011 in 20 days Stator 10 05 2011 in 20 days Volute 10 05 2011 in 20 days ICEM CFD Interface 10 05 2011 in 20 days Configure warning level at Preferences General Initial view after loading file Select which view should be displayed after file loading Choosing the 3D Model will increase the time needed for loading because the model gets updated first Reset Additional Views configuration Deletes the configuration of Additional Views of all d
268. nsioning In manual dimensioning mode the main dimensions and blade angles are not calculated by CFturbo All these values are user defined input values e Unshrouded Design a shrouded closed or unshrouded open impeller For an unshrouded impeller you have to define the tip clearance Impeller type Select either Standard or Rocket engine rotor type In case more than 1 rotor is contained in the project the design point 7 Power output pressure ratio can be distributed amongst the rotors using the power partitioning The energy goal used for the design of the selected rotor index i is determined by O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 257 where the P is the actual power output The lower case e is the ratio describing the power partitioning for the selected rotor On panel Blade design mode currently one design mode is available e Mean line 2 Design using Euler s equation on mean lines In case a pressure ratio has been specified in the Global setup 7 the pressure ratio used for the design of the selected rotor is determined by Tt e Tj jzi When creating a new design the initial default settings for some important properties are displayed in the panel Initial default settings These settings are used in further design steps and can be modified by selecting the Change settings button Of course these default settings can be modified manually in the appropriate design steps See Preferences Impell
269. nts Several model states can be managed via the controls above the model tree Select existing model state Rename selected model state O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH DEN Delete selected model state The following predefined model states cannot be modified Default The default model state Default CFD Setup The default model state with CFD Setup visible e Solids only Only solids are visible e Component colors Every component is displayed with the color defined in the Components view 168 For performance reasons model states do not contain the state of each individual 3D object but only to the level of distinction between different geometrical types points curves surfaces Therefore e g all curves that belong to a Curves object share the same properties 7 2 3 Problems when generating the 3D model Information about 3D Errors E E Trailing Edge If any errors occur while generating geometrical elements then the 8 Cap corresponding part in the model tree is marked by red color E E Blade Solid C Solid Faces E solid Furthermore a corresponding error message is displayed in the message panel 581 Possible warnings 3D Error Could not create solid Distance tolerance is too low or too high Change the distance tolerance see Model settings s73 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Dow CFturbo 10 Number of data points is disadvantageous Change the number of
270. ny number of Stators vaned or unvaned Components can be added directly in the components view is or via the project menul 140 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Project Pump Ventilator Compressor Turbine Ti 14 Interface T id Interfaces between components Interfaces exist between neighboring components describing their coupling The following coupling types are available Coupling in flow direction Default Inlet cross section of a component is defined by the outlet cross section of previous component Coupling reverse flow direction O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 40 CFturbo 10 Outlet cross section of a component is defined by the inlet cross section of next component Interface coupling can be adjusted in the component view 8 directly at the interface position between neighboring components The impeller as the core component of a machine has primary interface sides both at inlet and outlet side 2 3 1 Interface definition The sketch illustrates the general layout of an interface between 2 neighboring components downstream shroud hub side side B Offset Az Interface _ Inlet interface ees E 0 LAT i Outlet interface l Offset AZ zd Geometry Interface Offset upstream Primary Secondary One side component of the interface is primary always the other one is secondary The primary side determines the p
271. o file locations in the file system and export interface of the batch mode output File structure CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH lt xml version 1 0 standalone yes gt lt CFturboFile Version 9 gt CFturboBatchProject InputFile lt InputFileName gt gt lt Updates gt Leal lt Updates gt KRENECIVAGIENOM ooo gt lt CFturboBatchProject gt lt CFturboFile gt A batch file can contain multiple elements of the CFturboBatchProject type each of which is handling a specific CFturbo project This allows the combination of multiple batch mode templates into one batch mode file All XML subelements are optional and can occur multiple times except for the Updates block which must occur once per CFturboBatchProject element The InputFile attribute of the CFturboBatchProject element specifies the absolute path of the CFturbo project file Batch actions Two different actions are available for further processing of the CFturbo projects loaded in batch mode The BatchAction element can occur multiple times e g for exporting multiple parts of the geometry in different modelstates or saving an updated geometry e lt BatchAction Name Export ExportInterface STEP WorkingDir c Examples Myexports BaseFileName Pumpl all ModelState Solids only AllComponents The Export action is used to export the project data utilizing the export interfaces CFturbo supports By default the a
272. ocal license by E mail Please select the desired activity B REQUEST new local license by E mail if a new nodelocked license is required D SHOW current license information just for information Back Request Local License Radial Ventilator Impeller _ Radial Compressor Impeller Radial Turbine Rotor Stator Volute ICEM CFD Interface Start date 17 12 2013 Ey Company CFturbo Software and Engineering GmbH Checksum Machine ID CFIDLOC e6405c4f3615e5263f196355d3360e73 License request 3 Send E Mail B Copy to cipboard Please note All fields must be completed for the license request Under Modules the CFturbo modules must get selected for which a license should be requested Fill O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH the Company field with the requesting company s name The Start date of the requested license can be selected for e g sync a short time period license to a project s start date The so called Machine ID and the Checksum are calculated automatically and ensure the singular usage of provided license information as well as to link the license to the local computer After input of all necessary information you can use the Send E Mail button to prepare a message with the computer s default mail client the mail will NOT be sent automatically OR use the Copy to Clipboard but
273. occcocncocnnocnnonnnononononnnnonnonnnnnnnonnnonnnnnnonanonos Radial element blade ce eec ect te ee ues tede tM REUS Blade angles 25 tdo Inlet triangle iecoe iet ots eot eoi A EAEE AAE REAA EAER Outletsttiandler xis sete eee rice fae oe een nae Eon be D dp Slip coefficient by AUNGIER ssec Slip coefficient by PFLEIDERER Slip coefficient by WIESNER nira adaa iaa Ennsi apia cnn anna isi ioana Slip coefficient by GULICH w aste w ater pumps 319 Blade MCA ES A 319 Freeform blades 2D blades Radial element blades ooocoooccconiccccccccnnccconcccnncncnns 323 Circular blades Straight Dlades ooooooccccnnccconcccocccconcnnonccccnncnnonnnnoncncnnnnnnnnnncnncnns 327 Nelo liitoa EBT E E E T T 328 SMN A AA fa 331 Blade leam angleresi tenei ea A m 332 Blade loading calculati aiene anirai eiae A EE EAA 334 Blade PROMOS e e S e A E T 337 Additional VOWS ia dios 342 Converting Polyline Bezier oocooonnnccccononncccononncccnnnnncnnnnnnncnnnnnnncnnnnancnnnananenns 343 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 CFturbo 10 BAe IGS RP as 344 Edge POSI Navi wan ie eet eve ev ee 350 4 Airfoil Hydrofoil design cccccccc cece cc nn cece cece cece eects ca tees ae eeseeeeesaeeeseeesaeeeeaeeeseeeees 351 Blade popes Ea 8 saa cs LV aac SCA A im MM iM 351 erem EE 354 Radial equilibFlatmi cus cs ceo eremo a ore CRM 356 Blade profiles 4 c eie RE OR eMe HR APER EO
274. of geometric transformations accessible by clicking on the corresponding symbols from left to right me translation rotation uniform scaling mirroring Plo A W Translation Translations can be applied iteratively along the coordinate axes Direction x ues A 0 mm Rotations can be applied iteratively around the coordinate axes ism Bj Apply Uniform model scaling is applied in absolute percentage terms Mirroring is toggled for the models coordinate system in all O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 182 CFturbo 10 three coordinate directions To apply a transformation to the current model select a transformation type set its parameters and click the Apply button or hit Enter The model transformation can be reset to the state which it was imported with by clicking the reset button Useful transformations for an imported model can be saved for later use by exporting the model with its current transformation v a the context menu gt Export as see above Display properties The elements selected in the model tree are highlighted in the 3D view The following attributes can be defined below the model tree Shaded surface display with edges or isocurves Color m Custom Color Undefined gt default color of material Transparency T ransparency 0 The selection can be cleared by pressing the lt Esc gt key Model states Model states contain the properties of all tree eleme
275. olute 417 The spiral development areas can be designed and calculated in this dialog box A Spiral development areas aa A Arr Ale Informational values o Y Imm 70 4 60 4 50 4 40 307 90 x mm 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 ul 539 122 100 3 Debug General End cross section Cross sections c NNI x E Additional Views v Spiral contour IV Can be modified Wrap angle 9 peo g Design rule Pfleiderer Stepanoff User defined Cy 1 const Swirlexponent x 1 I Cut water compensation 1 5 mm er radius 4 Start angle 270 Thickness Reference components V x Configure Y OK v X Cancel Hep The spiral development areas can be calculated manually by pressing the Calculate spiral button or automatically if the Automatic check box is selected e The manual calculation freezes the radial extension of the currently designed cross sections red contour curves in the main diagram on the left side Any modifications of the Inlet definition 491 or the Cross section 4 amp shape result in updated cross sections while keeping the radial extension of each section constant All modifications in this dialog are not considered as long as the Calculate spiral button is not pressed e The automatic mode updates the cross sections completely if anything was modified in the Inlet O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ate
276. olute distance from the auxiliary curves to the blade Ratio Ratio of offset to the distance between neighboring blades at blade center O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 376 8 5 2 3 8 6 CFturbo 10 Other Impeller CFD Setup Miscellaneous Other Other Y Through flow area domain inlet and outlet area v Blade projection Blade tip projection to casing for unshrouded Through flow area Inlet and outlet area define the inflow and outflow boundary of the whole flow channel Blade projection In case of an unshrouded impeller the outer blade profile is projected onto the casing If an Extension ses exists the blade trailing edge is projected onto the RSI This option must be enabled for a successful export to ICEM CFD ANSYS f RSI connection If a Rotor Stator Interface RSI is existing on the inlet side of the component an existing gap can be closed automatically by the RSI connection These surfaces provide a simplified closed volume model for flow simulation neglecting impeller side chambers or other casing parts see also Extension ss Model settings Impeller Model settings n O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 377 On dialog Model settings you can specify how many data points are to be used for the 3D model and for the point based export formats The number of points can be set for both cases separately for all geometry parts Meridian hub shr
277. om hub to shroud the blade angle does not remain constant A higher radius on shroud results in a lower value for the blade is curved on leading edge 1 Possible warnings Number of blades differs from the number that was It makes no sense to use other number of initially selected in Main dimensions s used for blades for main dimension calculation and empirical correlations to calculate the main blade design itself dimensions This can result in inconsistent impeller design Before modifying the number of blades here one should adapt the number in Main dimensions update the empirical parameters and the main dimension The hub is the master mean line for Free form 2D Use axis parallel const radius or slightly blade shape For this blade shape the geometry of all sloping meridional leading trailing edge O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 302 CFturbo 10 other mean lines is designed automatically in such way that it is exactly overlapping the hub mean line if viewing in z direction The resulting blade shape is two dimensional If the other curves have points with higher radius at trailing edge lower radius at leading edge than the last first hub point sloping meridional edge then these curves have to be extrapolated The hub is the master mean line for Radial elements 3D blade shape The geometry of all other mean lines is designed automatically in such way that it forms a blade consis
278. ome calculated values for information Required driving power P Stage efficiency Nst A Tlim lmHec D Stage efficiency incl motor O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 215 8 1 2 2 1 Inducer Inducers are placed in front of radial pump impellers normally in order to improve the suction performance reduce NPSH of the pump For inducers the inlet section is the primary one The important suction diameter d is calculated using the meridional flow coefficient Q 4Q Cmi _ tan Pos Agus nds dh J nds n Usi Om In CFturbo the so called Brumfield curve is used to estimate an appropriate value to achieve a required level of suction performance Input values is the suction specific speed n JQ m s Nss N in een m or the US definition N see Preferences Units Other 160 The Brumfield curve can be displayed and also modified if necessary by clicking on the function button just right of the n edit field Main Dimensions EX O setup ters Dimensions Information Parameters Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 1421 Calculate impeller diameter dS1 with 40 120 y Schematic sketch for illustration only Automatic Bt view Suction spec speed X nss god S E T mm E Meridional flow coefficient 0 085 MV Auto gt 130 Calculate hub diameter dH1 with Diameter ratio v v dH dS 30 BH2 90 1107 Meridional expansion contracti
279. on m a z 7 4 Calculate outlet dS2 dH2 with 90 Merid velocity ratio v cm2 cm1 1 25 4 70 Efficiencies Design relevant Information only Y 2 d Hydraulic efficiency nh go 30 Volumetric efficiency nv ps Casing efficiency nC 100 10 10 v K X Cancel 7 Help CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 216 CFturbo 10 The value can be calculated automatically from the given n value or modified manually There is a limit of 0 06 lower values will result in backflow at blade tip and cavitation induced flow instability Alternatively you can specify the rel inlet flow angle s or the meridional flow coefficient directly Furthermore the parameters for classic axial pumpl 210 design could be used alternatively The inlet hub diameter d is calculated using the diameter ratio vi oH 20 2 0 4 ds Typical for inducers is a constant tip shroud diameter The hub diameter can increase from inlet to outlet slightly in order to use centrifugal effect for energy transmission The meridional velocity ratio between inlet and outlet can be used to estimate the outlet cross section Cm2 24 15 Cmi Alternatively the diameter ratio d d at outlet similar to the inlet side can be used O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 217 8 1 2 3 Parameters Ventilator On page Parameters you have to put in or to modify parameters resulting from approximation functions in
280. on of clipping visible clipping side can be switched 3D Model Blades O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 176 CFturbo 10 The following actions are available through buttons of the SD Model Blades tab They are used for visualization only and do not affect model geometry Please note The following options refer to the currently selected component of the project s a PROJECT IMPELLER STATOR PREFERENCES HELP gt 3D MODEL 3D MODEL BLADES Selected component O Single blade A Area Position Radial Impeller O Sphere c T t3 Area progression Fix to minimum Selection Blade passage Single blade Displays a single blade only Blade passage Display a single blade passage bordered by 2 neighboring blades CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Views 177 All blades Display all blades of the selected impeller or vaned stator O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 178 CFturbo 10 Display an approximately perpendicularly flown through area between hub shroud and two neighboring blades for the currently selected component The position of this area can optionally be fixed to the location of the throat area Fix to minimum Otherwise it can be slided to any reasonable position within the blade to blade channel with the help of the track bar Section Position By pressing the button Show progression a window is opened in which the value of the cross section is displayed in dependence
281. on of the blade angles The blade angles can be displayed in the mean line dialog in the Informational values sedl panel XII EL DEAL Circular blades For circular blades the radius of the blade R is displayed beside the blade angle table for information This radius depends on the radii r r and blade angles P Pp at leading and trailing edge If the calculation of the circular blade is not possible a warning symbol is displayed Possible warnings Blade angles are updated automatically Therefore geometry modifications are possible Blade angles are updated automatically if any To fix the blade angles you could uncheck the input parameters are modified Automatic calculation Then you have to O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH aro CFturbo 10 A manually start the calculation if required Blade angles are not updated automatically Therefore the design could be not up to date Blade angles are not updated automatically if To be sure that all parameter modifications are any input parameters are modified considered you could switch to an automatic calculation by checking the Automatic option Cuo r is lower than c r turbines c r is Recalculate and or check blade angles and ul 1 higher than c r resulting in energy flow angles at leading and trailing edge transmission in the wrong direction Euler equation of turbomachinery Blade angle difference highest lowest value at Ch
282. on the basis of Y 4 7 Y Otherwise Y specific work without losses is used For d calculation If the check box y 90 is set the diameter ratio is set to Diameter ratio d J ds Under the assumptions c u Y const O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 29 For dg d calculation Meridional velocity ratio a a strictly axial Diameter ratio d dg t hub const hu const mid const shroud Efficiency In panel Efficiency you have to specify several efficiencies You have to distinguish between design relevant efficiencies and efficiencies used for information only Design relevant e Total total efficiency e volumetric efficiency Information only e mechanical efficiency e motor efficiency The casing efficiency is used additionally for impeller dimensioning in order to compensate the flow losses in the casing The losses resulting in energy dissipation from the fluid form the impeller efficiency Impeller casing and mechanical efficiency form the overall efficiency coupling efficiency of the Stage gy When considering motor losses additionally the overall efficiency of the stage incl motor is defined St O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 220 CFturbo 10 Pa P ventilator output see above Nst pP NMN Nm p Pj mechanical power demand coupling driving power Ws Q NstNmot P electrical
283. on the position see _herel 161 for changing position variables between leading edge and trailing edge The current position as well as that of the throat area and the maximum sphere diameter are marked with special symbols In the lower part of the window some measures for the current position are displayed Cross section progression Cross section mm maximum sphere current position minimum cross section ES 0 15 0 25 0 35 0 45 0 55 0 65 0 75 0 85 0 95 1 05 Cross section 42 39 mm Distance B2B 3 899 mm Sphere radius 1 9494 mm Distance H2S 8 888 mm 0 6314 43 92 Sphere The sphere represents a particle with the highest possible diameter that can be conveyed through the blade passage O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Views 179 7 2 2 Model tree left The Model tree contains all available Meridian spmodet geometry parts listed in a tree structure whereby their visibility can be switched on recent state y e 4 or off alternatively All visible elements are exported if the model is saved as IGES m Components STEP STL or BREP see Export 82 S E Radial Impeller gt 05 m Meridian H Ri Mean surface Tooltips If the mouse is paused over an m Blade item of the model tree its geometric M Geometry parameters are displayed volume for O Points solids area for surfaces and length for Carnes edges B Surfaces Solid
284. oordinates 43 Copy 43 copy to clipboard 15 Coupled 274 276 Coupled linear 323 344 Cross section 274 276 Cross sections 191 227 240 406 Curvature 268 Cut water 417 422 434 Cut water diameter ratio 145 Cut water width ratio 145 D data points 376 Deactivate 42 Deceleration ratio 292 Decreased output 292 317 Default 161 Density 193 228 Design point 71 193 228 242 Design report 92 Design rule 417 420 Deviation angle 292 313 Deviation flow blade 292 Diameter coefficient 145 194 229 diameter ratio 194 229 243 Diameter cftdi 201 267 Dimensions 201 235 243 247 Direction of rotation 400 distance 279 343 distance tolerance 183 376 Double volute 424 Double click 155 Download 164 Es Edge 350 Edge position 350 edit 47 Efficiency 194 229 243 Hydraulic 194 Impeller 229 Internal 194 229 mechanical 194 229 243 Overall 194 229 Side friction 194 Tip clearance 194 total 243 total to total 243 Volumetric 194 229 Ellipse 344 emergency 51 empirical 47 End cross section 417 428 End shape 428 Errors 183 Euler s Equation of Turoomachinery 201 235 247 Exact 304 Exit diameter 268 Exit width 268 Expiration 155 Export 26 85 131 179 Extend blade 378 Extension 417 428 Extension on exit 268 External 406 a file 24 File location 145 201 235 267 find 24 Finishing 378 Flow angle 40 193 228 292 Flow angle inflow 145 Flow an
285. opean definition n US definition N O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 161 Q gpm Nes imt Deni P 6 4 7 Impeller Stator 4 5 Preferences Settings Impeller Stator P Menu item Preferences Impeller Options is used for global default definition These settings are set at the initial opening of each dialog gt E On tab sheet Segment the default position of Impeseysesorseumgs the rotationally symmetric blade segment can Segment Diagram options Initial default settings be selected Default type 8 Around singe blade by roteted mean ine Detailed information is available at the CFD otated mean surface to both sides of the blade setup 371l Around single blade middle of PS SS Use center between neighborin ade sides Between neighboring blades ML to ML Use mean surface of lades f neighboring b Y OK XCancel Hep O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller Stator settings initial default settings Progression diagrams x Axis definition for plots in a meridional contour Relative meridional length M MMax b mean line and blade passage Relative meridional length radius based m mMax Y OK xcCancel Hep Impeller Stator settings Segment Diagram options r Impeller default settings e i Blade design mode ater Mean line Radial Ventilator Hub Shroud curve mode Radial Compressor Bezier curve uj a
286. operties for each stator type Blades Here you can define if the stator should be vaned or unvaned For vaned stators you have to define the number of blades and the existence of splitter blades Via Unshrouded you can decide to design a shrouded or unshrouded stator For unshrouded stator O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 306 CFturbo 10 you have to define the tip clearance Information Right in the dialog some additional information are displayed The Meridian preview is based on the until now designed main dimensions and visualizes the general proportions Information values lists important coefficients which result from determined main dimensions The specific values depend on the selected tab sheet on the left side Extent s Inlet ses or Outlet 991 If the font color is blue then a hint for the recommended range of this value is available when the mouse cursor is on the table row If the font color is red then the current value is outside the recommended range Details gt Number of blades sA gt Extent se gt Inlet s 3i gt Outlet sn Possible warnings The extent ss of the stator is O at hub shroud or Specify a reasonable length value or remove the midline stator completely O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Stator 387 9 1 1 Extent Stator extent has to be considered in relation to its inlet ses and outlet sss These 3 areas are coupled i e one is
287. or network licences If this is not the case the User may only use the Software on a network if he prevents simultaneous multiple use by means of access protection mechanisms 6 Program Modifications 1 The disassembly of the ceded program code into other code forms decompilation as well as other types of reverse engineering of the different manufacturing stages of the software including a modification of the program is not permitted 2 The removal of the copy protection or similar protection mechanisms is not permitted Insofar as the trouble free use of the program is impaired or hindered by one of the protection mechanisms the Licensor is obliged to remedy the fault on an appropriate request The User bears the burden of proof of the impairment or hindrance of trouble free usability as a result of the protection mechanism 8 Copyright notices serial numbers and other marks used for program identification purposes must in no event be removed or modified This also applies to the suppression of the screen display of Such marks 7 Resale and Leasing Resale and leasing of the Software or other cession of the Software to third parties is only permitted with the written agreement of the Licensor 8 Warranty 1 The Licensor makes no warranty with respect to the performance of the Software or the obtained data and the like He grants no guarantees assurances or other provisions and conditions with respect to the merchantability
288. ors Y gH Ap Compressors perfect gas model K 1 Y ncs rsh Power output Po Pa mY Pumps Ventilators Po pgHQ Mass flow m Pumps Ventilators m pQ Compressors m Os Pis ps Ts density according to gas model Total pressure difference Ap Pumps Ventilators Ap pgH Compressors O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Inlet speed of sound total 844 JKRZT ets quede m Volume flow total Qs Pulp T Pis Pas les density according to gas model dd atal Ps Ps Pis Ts density according to gas model a Vot Po Po Ta density according to gas model Y Outlet temperature total LS C Tts perfect gas model Total speed of sound at inlet a a4 A KH Ra Zi Ty an General remarks In general for cost reasons single stage amp single intake machines are preferred covering a range of about 10 nq 400 In exceptional cases it may become necessary to design an impeller for extremely low specific speed values nq 10 These impellers are characterized by large impeller diameters and low impeller widths The ratio of free flow cross section area to wetted surfaces becomes unfavorable and is causing high frictional losses To prevent this one may increase either rotational speed n or flow rate Q if possible An alternative solution could be the design of a multi stage machine reducing the energy transmission of the single stage If especially high specifi
289. osition of the interface red in the sketch the secondary has to align on the O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH primary side Each interface side can define an offset to the interface optionally If the geometry of the primary component and therefore the position of the interface is changing then the component with the secondary interface is adjusted automatically If a component is deactivated see Active Rename Delete 149 then no adjustment will be effected therefore an overlapping of neighboring components is possible which is illustrated by a warning see Components s3 Interface definition The interface definition at volute inletl 40 as well as at stator inlet ss and outlet ss9 is made in an uniform manner Coupling to ti In flow direction Coupling Upstream Outlet Fixed by Upstream Outlet Information to interface coupling direction Inlet interface Inlet outlet interface 18 15 081 Interfaces position at hub and shroud side Shroud 19219 deactivated for secondary interface side Inlet Y T4 Centerline 7 Hub Shroud Coordinate transfer from geometry to interface and reverse Offset Hub Az mm p mm Inlet outlet Shroud az o mm Arf mm Geometry definition optionally by Points on Hub amp Shroud ii Point on Center line width and angle Hub z 18 15 081 mm 3 Shroud z 12 705 mm r 19 219 mm Alternatively absolute coordinates or an Offset can be used whi
290. oud Blade mean line pressure suction side leading trailing edge settings 3D Model Data points These number of data points are used for the 3D These number of data points are u model point based export to external app Exception ruled surface blade CG Default Presetting Coarse Middle Fine Meridian Hub Shroud las 20 60 Meridian Hub Shroud 80 20 100 Blade Mean line 35 10 50 Blade Mean line po 20 100 Profile 130 50 130 Pressure Suction side go 20 100 Leading Trailing edge 30 10 50 Distance tolerance For joining surfaces and creating solids Tolerance 0 1 mm G Length unit for export the appropriate unit to use for point based xportto CAE software mm Millimeters m Y OK XCance 2 Help Y OK XCance 2 Help 3D Model Distance tolerance 3D Model Tolerance o 1 TEN Ee The distance tolerance defines the maximum allowed distance between sewed surfaces e g the faces of a solid If it is too small the solids cannot be created If it is too big small faces are ignored when creating a solid Point Export O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 378 8 7 CFturbo 10 Presetting Presetting Coarse Middle Fine Select from 3 global presets Length unit for Export The length unit for the geometry export can be selected Please select the appropriate units when importing data to the chosen CAD software When a
291. oved along the logarithmic spiral curve see mean linel 294 2 Circular Free form 2D The inlet section of the vanes without overlapping is configured as a circular arc with the boundary conditions inlet radius r3 inlet angle 3 and ideal throat width a3 The diffuser part in the overlapping area is designed by a Bezier curve with optionally 2 straight 3 or 4 Bezier points selectable by context menu The transition point between these areas can be moved along the circular arc curve see mean line ss3 Calculation of throat width a3 can be done using the conservation of angular momentum const Swirl or a specific deceleration ratio alternatively a Const swirl Throat width corrsponds to the dimensioning in accordance with the conservation of angular momentum whereat the deceleration is increased by using the factor f 1 1 1 3 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 392 CFturbo 10 b Deceleration Alternatively one can use the deceleration ratio Ca C2 0 7 0 85 for throat width calculation Q C aa L 5 pi cin zb4C Cag Trailing edge angle TE is a result of mean line design for these special blade shapes and therefore cannot be specified explicitly var 9 31 Number of blades Number of blades stator outlet diameter and minimum blade distance are significant for the actual diffuser part of the stator and therefore have high influence on the flow losses These 3 parameters have to be a
292. position 00 The leading edge should be within the range of 0 to N This is the splitting position 6 Je Je eedem cte 15 the trailing edge between 85 and 100 side and blade edge 8 4 q Airfoil Hydrofoil design The design of the blade s geometry is made in three steps in this design mode 1 Blade properties s 2 Blade profiles se 3 Blade sweeping s 8 4 14 Blade properties Impeller Blade properties v Definition of blade properties is made in three steps 1 Cu specification esa 2 Blade profile selection ss 3 Kinematics ssl Specification of number of blades and number of spans Blades Number Number 7 Wm 6 DEM of blades 2 a of spans El O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 352 CFturbo 10 Information In the right panel some information are displayed which result from calculated or determined values cax w2 w1 Hub Shroud Inside blade passage Outside blade passage ju m s Leading edge Trailing edge cm mis Span 1 Hub Leading edge 0 280 90 38 1 66 51 7 0 0 517 517 66 838 1 18 8 2 Trailing edge 55 280 525 59 8 66 48 9 37 5 48 9 Span 15 Shroud Leading edge 0 399 90 33 1 94 61 3 0 0 61 3 61 3 94 112 2 14 22 2 Trailing edge 55 1 Velocity triangles The velocity triangles of inflow and outflow are displayed Continuous lines represent flow velocities o
293. position is suitable to the impeller geometry Alternatively you can add components in the Meridian view using the aP buttons between neighboring components see Meridian 68 Please note If you add a component on the first position of the project in flow direction then the inlet conditions defined in the Global setup 7 are applied for this new component 6 2 2 2 Active Rename Delete The actions Active Rename and Delete can be executed in the following manner alternatively Menu Project Selected Component e Context menu of the corresponding component left in panel Components e Context menu of the corresponding component right in the meridional preview O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH pow CFturbo 10 O A la Pump2 cft Pump CFturbo 10 0 A PROJECT IMPELLER PREFERENCES HELP e x E P E Import 3D geometry ok OR Reference components Project Global Performance Export i Undo information setup prediction i Hide messages Project d 3D Model Components radial coordinate Messages 3 bo r mm Component Message S g 1 lt Radial Impeller gt E Main dimensions are not s L e Main updated automatically Rename component dimensions Therefore the design i n ld be not date Delete component f cl ie gt 4 t2 Rename Blade angles are N updated automatically i Delete v ces E Therefore geometry CORSA ERENT poe modifications are 100 E possible currently NOT 90
294. priority than control points of the edge curve below and hence override the first and last control point values CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH A E lt Bezier4MerLE Name GeoSplitLeadingEdge gt Control points of splitter leading edge Points curve Number of control points depends on selected curve mode see meridional contour leading trailing edgel 2 lt ListObjectBezier4Mer Name GeoHub gt Contour segment of Hub contour containing a set of control points The number of control points depends on the selected curve mode see meridional contour gt Hub Shroud contourl 272 only available for Hub Shroud design mode lt ListObjectBezier4Mer Name GeoShroud gt Contour segment of Shroud contour containing a set of control points The number of control points depends on the selected curve mode see meridional contour gt Hub Shroud contour 272 only available for Hub Shroud design mode lt ListObjectBezier4Mer Name GeoMiddleLine gt Midline contour containing a set of control points The number of control points depends on the selected curve mode see meridional contour Design Modes 263 only available for Midline design mode Blade properties lt BladeProperties gt lt Beta1 Blade 0 gt Blade angles at leading edge each blade profile i for O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 32 CFturbo 10 lt Beta2 Blade 0 gt Blade angles at trailing edg
295. r 20 C a 4 Optional 8 Right clockwise Direction of rotation seen in neg z direction O Left counter clockwise nc 100 i Additional casing efficiency Pre Swirl by Flow angle by Swirl number mah o Swod 8 1 Cys Jus Y OK XGance 2 Help Design point General machine type Radial low pressure oa QO i lj A pu X J specific speed j Specific speed EU ng 49 035 Specific work Y 2943 mes Power output PQ 3705 kW Mass flow m 12588 kgs Total to total pressure difference Apt 2 9377E5 Pa Here you have to enter the design point data 1 Flow rate for pumps ventilators volume flow Q Design point Flow rate Mass flow X Energy transmission Total pressure ratio v Revolutions Gas Name Air Model Perfect Inlet conditions Total pressure Total temperature 4 Optional Direction of rotation Global setup Compressor General machine type Radial low pressure m o 18 kgs Q Pl E Ji n LGES min specific speed gt p Specific speed EU 58641 Specific work Y 1 086ES mils Power output Pa 19 55 kW Inlet total sonic speed ati 34326 ms pt 96800 Pa Total to total pressure difference Apt 1 926ES Pa npo Volume flow ats 56341 min Inlet total density pts 1 1501 kg m Right clockwise Left counter clockwise Additional casing efficiency nc 20 Stators Volut Pre swirl by Flow angle by Swirl number Hub 1 1 Cys
296. r Helical 3D VENTILATOR Radial amp Mixed flow Circular 2D Axial Free form 3D COMPRESSOR Radial amp Mixed flow Ruled surface 3D TURBINE Radial amp Mixed flow Radial elements 3D sos Axial Free form 3D Only the Free form 3D blade shape provides complete flexibility all other types result in limitations in blade angle specification and mean line design In case of Ruled surface 3D blade shape and linked splitter blades the linkage can be specified in more detail See Ruled Surface bladel so Limitations Blade shape Splitter blades Meridional shape Free form 3D no limitations Ruled surface 3D Radial elements 3D Helical 3D for Inducers only Free form 2D dl available only if the meridional direction is mainly radial Circular 2D not available for splitter blades hub must overlap shroud in z direction about 50 or more Straight 2D CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 300 CFturbo 10 2 Defining the blade thickness values at leading and trailing edge in panel Blade thickness s Blade thickness is important for the blade angle calculation due to the blockage effect and flow acceleration By different thickness on hub and shroud side a tapering to the blade tip can be designed Initial thickness values are based on empirical functions A 2 impeller types have special thickness requirements Waste water pumps have very high thickness values at leading edge to avoid solid atta
297. r and start menu settings the server parameters can be configured Setup CFturbo License Server EZ Server settings Set preferences for running the license server A detailed description of the settings can be found in the manual o S f A crsceocecenecenvecsnecsssecsecvescossel Y Start web server Web server port 5055 If Create server log is checked the server will write a logfile to the log directory It is not recommended to disable this option The RepriseLM server has a built in web server When Start web server is selected the installed Windows service will also run a web server on the port configured here Note that the setup is not checking for port conflicts the port must be available It can be changed e g by uninstalling and installing the server again O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH MS CFturbo 10 Completing the CFturbo License Server Setup Wizard Setup has finished installing CFturbo License Server on your computer The application may be launched by selecting the installed icons Click Finish to exit Setup The last wizard page offers to Create a license request This option will start the Request Generator Requesting a network license The Request Generator collects all information needed for the license request O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH A NE CFturbo License Request Generator mcm Q Request Network License Modules T
298. r blades Main dimensions Information Values Meridian Results of mid span calculation Design point Pressure ratio Rotational speed Mass flow Relative flow angle Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 2 33 36400 min 1 54 kg s 90 0 Y OK X Cancel 7 Help Design the rotor with or without splitter blades e Unshrouded Design a shrouded closed or unshrouded open rotor For an unshrouded rotor you have to define the tip clearance When creating a new design the initial default settings for some important properties are displayed in the panel Initial default settings These settings are used in further design steps and can be modified by selecting the Change settings button Of course these default settings can be modified manually in the appropriate design steps See Preferences Impeller Stator settings Me for more information O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 243 The design concept is based on a mean flow area therefore a mean blade angle bB1 as well as a mean incidence angle i has to be given In order to yield best efficiency the angle of incidence should be 20 30 Some design point values are displayed in the right Information panel when selecting the page Values see Global setupl 71 8 1 4 2 Parameters On page Parameters one has to put in or to modify parameters resulting from approximation functions in dependence on specific speed nq see Approximation functions 4
299. r data om 1 Q mh 454 Ez B A B 2 mH i B Apt Pa 2 9377E5 Total pressure diff Revolutions 1 min 1770 Apt Pa Diameter mm 286 5 8ES Settings Vari Parameters Additional curves J x Volume flow y 48E5 y Total pressure diff X 7 Flow rate rel to design point J 50 150 b 3 865 2 8E5 1 8E5 1 EinalCharacteristic 30000 A Reference components Q m h i 4 v Configure Volume flow amp O A a o o o o o o O A O al ol el el O ss r Tee een O em 200 300 400 500 600 700 La Y OK Cancel 2 Help 726 4 406132 5 oc A performance curve of the current design is estimated on the basis of the Euler Equation Ap _ AP _ Hip u Cy Uy i62 and Yi 5 U Cuz ZU Cu respectively In these and all the following equations all variables are averaged values E g the circumferential velocity u is calculated with an average impeller diameter d that is the impeller diameter d for radial impeller and the area averaged diameter for axial impeller respectively The latter reads as Kinds of losses CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH There are different kinds of losses that are considered in different curves Wm peseripton Parameter Based on the Euler Equation and the decreased power that is calculated in the Blade properties z In the design point the decreased power line is shifted by a pressure head loss equivalent to the decreased power H AH The decrease
300. r_Impeller_Stator cft las z eo v H Save 4 C Users kreuzfeld Downloads Ed axialinducer1 cft Aa Save as 5 C Examples Pump Radial Mixed flow Radial pump c1 6 C Compressor Radial Mixed flow Compressor cft 7 C Examples Pump Radial Mixed flowYPump1 cft 8 C Pump Radial Mixed flow Mixed flow pump cft X Vu 9 C Compressor Radial Mixed flowYComp1 cft When creating a new project one of the following project types can be selected Pump O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH e CFturbo 10 Ventilator Compressor Turbine Equivaltent to using the menu or the toolbar the buttons in the Create new project area can be used see Start 54 ANB 9 CFturbo 10 0 EN ferences Licensed for CFturbo Software and Engineering ni20 The Global Setupl 71 dialog will be started automatically right after creating a new project After finishing the Global Setup you will see an empty project where you can add components O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ld PROJECT PREFERENCES HELP A m EF Import 3D geometry v e Reference components Project Global Performance Export Undo information setup prediction i Hide messages Project Components radial coordinate 140 Add component New t Radial Mixed flow Impeller ZL Axial Impeller es 7 Stator Volute 110 Existing ta From file 100 i 6 1 2 Open Save
301. rdier diagramm Velocity triangles Schematic sketch for illustration only v Automatic fit view The Cordier diagram is based on an intensive empirical analysis of proved turbomachinery using extensive experimental data O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 252 CFturbo 10 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles T T T 500 1000 2000 3000 5000 100 10 20 30 50 100 200 300 n ants da detente n Kaplan Francis Turbine Tabie Specific diameter 5 y 1 05 d via The Velocity triangles are the result of a mid span calculation and are based on the design point 71 and the main dimensions O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles i absolute c relative w velocity mid span 450 350 250 vf The Velocity triangles are the result of a mid span calculation and are based on the design point 71 and the main dimensions O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 254 CFturbo 10 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles i absolute c relative w velocity 2 mid span 400 UN 100 0 100 200 300 8 1 5 Axial Turbine 2 Rotor Main dimensions e The Main Dimensions menu item is used to define main dimensions of the axial rotor Main Dimensions are forming the most important basis for all following design steps O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Imp
302. res at the end of the arranged time period 4 Right of Use 1 In accordance with this contract the Licensor grants the User a right of use to the Software described under 1 as well as a right to use the necessary printed matter and documentation The printing out of the manual for the purposes of working with the Software is permitted 2 The User may duplicate the Software only insofar as the duplication in question is necessary for the use of the Software Necessary reasons for duplication notably include the installation of the Software from the original data medium onto the mass storage of the hardware used as well as the loading of the Software into the RAM memory 3 The User is entitled to perform duplication for backup purposes However in principle only a single backup copy may be created and stored The backup copy must be labelled as being a backup copy of the ceded Software 4 If for reasons of data security or the assurance of a fast reactivation of the computer system after a total failure the regular backing up of the entire dataset including the computer programs used is essential then the User may create the number of backup copies which are compulsorily required The data media concerned must be labelled accordingly The backup copies may only be used for purely archival purposes b The User is obliged to take appropriate measures to prevent the unauthorized access of third parties to the program including its do
303. riables is given in the following table Yirg specific work of the impeller l t solidity chord length pitch b width of the profile C absolute circumferential velocity component Co absolute meridional velocity component i average rel flow angle wo average rel velocity C lift coefficient angle of attack angle between resulting force and lift force O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 362 CFturbo 10 Woo 8 4 1 3 2 Lieblein method Lieblein ss carried out systematic wind tunnel investigations on the swirl change properties of the profiles of the NACA 65 series The meaning of the used entities is given in the following table stagger angle l t solidity chord length pitch Angle of relative flow B Blade angle u circumferential velocity w Relative velocity i Incidence angle i Deviation angle Three limitations apply for this approach e The maximum relative thickness must be d l lt 0 1 The Reynolds Number must be Re gt 2 10 e The solidity l t must be on all spans 0 4 lt l t lt 2 0 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 363 equivalent circular skeleton line Tangent to skeleton line Tangent to skeleton line Ps uz Chord line length Lieblein derived design diagrams for the following parameter e Incidence i Deviation The basic approach is as follows with the specified solidity the skeleton length is calculated Wi
304. riction losses in bearings and seals P n 1 5 095 0 995 rising with impeller size Total total and volumetric efficiency are most important for the impeller dimensioning because of their influence to Y and or Q The mechanical efficiency is affecting only the required driving power of the machine Information In the right area of the register Parameter you can find again some calculated values for information Required driving power Stage efficiency Stage efficiency incl motor 8 1 2 4 Dimensions The main dimensions of a designed impeller suction diameter d and d and outlet diameter d and d can be seen on Main dimensions panel They can be recomputed by pressing the Calculate button The computation is based on Euler s Equation of Turbomachinery on the continuity equation and the relations for the velocity triangles as well as on the parameters and parameter ratios given in the tab sheets Setup and Parameters You may accept the proposed values or you can modify them slightly e g to meet a certain normalized diameter O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 222 CFturbo 10 la In case the checkbox Automatic is activated a new calculation will accomplished after any change of parameter Then the manual alteration of the main dimensions is not possible O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 223 Main Dimensions ES Setup Parameters Info
305. rmation Main dimensions Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 121 Automatic gj Calculate Ns 500 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000 a Ng 10 20 50 100 200 5 inlet a 3 Hub diameter dH1 280 mm Shroud diameter dS1 400 mm Outlet Hub diameter dH2 280 mm Shroud diameter dS2 400 mm Get C Outlet from neighboring component Specific diameter 5 y 4 p 1 05 d 1 0 0 05 0 45 0 85 1 25 1 65 2 05 245 Specific speed c o y v Ok X cencel 2 Help Information In the right panel of any tab sheet an information panel is situated which holds the computed variables in accordance to the actual state of design the resulting Meridional section 2051 as well as the Cordier Diagramml 208 with the location of the best point These three sections can be chosen by the appropriate soft buttons in the heading In the Value section the following variables are displayed for information which result from calculated or determined main dimensions Work coefficient Flow coefficient CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 224 CFturbo 10 Meridional flow coefficient Diameter coefficient Average inlet velocity Inlet abs circ velocity component Outlet circ velocity component The Meridional preview is until now based on the main dimensions only O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 225 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles Schematic s
306. rofile NACA 65 010 Ixy a Span ch for information only Hub 1 20 C t Default solidity 1 15 C Chord length t Pitch Middle oot one ON Y X Conc 2 Heb 8 4 1 3 Kinematics Two methods are available for the determination of the scaling solidity and staggering of the profiles Blade element momentum method s only ventilators for low pressure applications high specific speed nq e Lieblein method s 2 pumps ventilators for high pressure applications low specific speed nq On the tabsheet Profile properties the stagger angles and solidity are calculated O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 360 CFturbo 10 n Blade properties Blades Number of blades 2 of spans Number 10 Bj 2 15 O cu cm specification Profile selection Information Hub Velocity triangles Values Meridian Current B Criteria Axi 4T Shroud Hub Shroud A LZ Bl Calculate Airfoil Automatic Span vrl T1 mm y 0 96 Hub 1 424 121 0 WEEP 2 409 113 1 3 394 105 3 4 379 97 4 Middle ven 6 35 0 81 7 E Aye g 32 9 30 2 Shroud 10 29 1 50 3 N Leading edge Trailing edge Y OK X Cancel 7 Help Limitations The design methods are valid only within certain scopes The deceleration should no be smaller than the DeHallerl si criterion W Ww 20 6 0 75 1 hub In a pipe flow having
307. rogram path a network license path is configured 2 1 4 Troubleshooting Error messages O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH NES No valid See Steps for licensing 12 license available yet No license available Check if a valid local license file is present or the network license configuration is correct Get more information Y x Diagnostic configuration CFturbo and its license server are enabled to output diagnostic information about licensing Start menu entries Run diagnostics are created to run a script collecting useful information for the support The resulting text file will give among others the following information e time the program was run working directory relevant environment variables e the license files in use in the order RLM will use them can be re ordered from your normal list if RLM PATH RANDOMIZE is set e a list of all licenses which can be checked out License server problems If problems occur setting up or running the license server the following can be checked e Service Reprise LM for CFturbo present and running Windows services Server logfile installation directory of license server server log and cfturbo dlog Server diagnostics License server web interface gt Diagnostics O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 2 2 Batch mode CFturbo can be executed in batch mode to modify designs without any
308. ropriate perpendiculars of these sections Position of points 1 and 3 influence the curve shape of the middle line CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH By clicking on Default you can return to the default values for the diffuser geometry Dimensions The extension of the diffuser can be defined in panel Dimensions Parameters in the x y plane can be specified as well as a rake of the diffuser in z direction For all diffuser shapes the extension is defined by the diffuser height hg which is the distance from the diffuser outlet to a parallel line through the center point The distance C from the h line to the center point is displayed for information both in the diagram and numerical in the Information panel Additionally the starting position of the diffuser is defined by the angle whereas 0 is horizontal right The whole volute can be rotated by this value By using the button Vertical outflow direction the volute can be rotated for vertical direction of the pressure joint The diffuser bending in z direction is described by the parameters shown in the sketch There exist 2 straight segments 1 3 and a circular segment 2 The lengths L L and L are specified as percentage The curvature is defined by the radius R the direction by the angle The z bend is illustrated in the diagram by a green center line O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EN CFturbo 10 center line z bend End c
309. ross section The end cross section of the diffuser can be either round or rectangular The diameter Dg can be directly defined or selected from standard tables In the case of a rectangular end cross section the height Hg and width B can be chosen Section progression The position of end shape specifies the percentage position along the diffuser where the type of end cross section is reached default 100 To reach certain cross section areas a scaling of those sections is necessary Instead of just scaling uniformly in both directions z and r a scaling ratio z r growth can be defined The choice of the area progression influences the scaling of the morphed cross sections Linear blending The morph between two different cross sections is linear which results in an quadratic area progression unscaled Linear area The size of the morphed cross sections is scaled to achieve a linear area progression Quadratic area The size of the morphed cross sections is scaled to achieve a quadratic progression from the diffuser inlet to the end shape position The progression to O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ser outlet is linear again Custom area The size of the morphed cross sections is scaled with respect to a Bezi r curve Splitter of Double Volute The position of splitter end defined the relative length of the splitter inside the diffuser Display options Under Display options changes can be made which a
310. ross section blue surface in the images above is too small for the mass flow specified in the global setup 71 If this happens the equation can t be solved for the average density and relative velocity and no data is displayed for the respective span Blade loading Static pressures at suction and pressure side can be determined by the velocities To this end a relation between the enthalpy difference between suction and pressure side and the meridional derivative of the swirl is used Mos hss Zee e 5 n om The blade loading can be expressed in terms of the pressure difference between suction and pressure side and divided by the total inlet pressure For incompressible fluids the second therm within the brackets is zero O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 8 3 3 Impeller 337 Another formulation of the blade loading makes use of the velocity difference between suction and pressure side and divided by the average velocity W W ss ps Ww Other quantities Beyond the afore mentioned variables the average circumferential component of the absolute velocity c as well as the average swirl B can also be displayed Those quantities are determined by Cc u w cos B B r c is Also the Ackeret criteria are displayed together with the relative velocities In accordance to the below defined Ackeret criteria the maximum relative velocity of the respective span shall not be bigger than 1 8 w whereas the m
311. rver Setup oec ees cr ge ia 18 Glient setup ire oe ret eue oe eet cet tuns 22 Show license information Liuius ener nenene nner sls 23 Dice mE 24 2 BACA mode eR a en Bd eee A ze eee 26 Parameters for impellers stators ae ede t bs 29 Parameters for volutes ooo occ ecccccecceccccccecececeecensececececeseceecuececeeecesestesutisececeueeseesees 33 Exit Codes ooo eee ccccceceeseccecccececececcersececceecesecsuaececececesesuectesecceeeesessesutisececeeeetensene 34 A a POSE E FORE ETO A SE ME o e pofi 35 3 Project structure and interfaces 0ccccccce cece ce eee ceeeee ce eeee ee ee ceeeeeaeeeeeaeeesaeeeeeeeeeaes 38 Interface definition ooo eee cece cccccccccecececececececececececececececececececucecceucceueceueueueveceveveuenenetss 40 Automatic calculations ooooooo ceccccecececececececececececececececececececeeesecececececesececeeesececeeeeeeeeees 42 4 Graphical dlal gs eei A Mr e a e T EYE E CE MARY RE Der ADR AEER 43 5 Progression AM uper Ee e e 46 6 Edit fields with empirical functions ssssese em 47 Troubleshooting ere C Mt RO P tu e Es edu Po e te eis 48 EMO TEpOTFtlFig od coc eto dera e d ire e ea ea t eate e e deae a 48 Emergency A nd c ues D ue DE D Spr 51 Known problems sete ciere pedir e dedu mlt ee taaatenbvodes oma votes 52 Part Ill Start 54 Part IV Opened project 97 Part V Component design process 61 Part VI Menu 65 BEC MT MEM M ra 67 ACES ren nn
312. s Imports Model tree structure The model tree has 3 main sections 1 Section Components contains all components of the project with the following sub elements CED Setup ss CED Setup If an element contains child elements it can be expanded by clicking on the collapsed element symbol Each single element without child elements can be selected MJ or unselected LJ Each single element with child elements can have 3 states O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 180 CFturbo 10 v Hub Y The element and all child elements are Points selected Curve Surface S 8 Hub E The element and not all child elements i O Points are selected Curve Surface 3 Hub Cl The element is unselected Child i E Points elements might be selected Curve Surface An element is visible in the 3D view if it is selected and all its parent elements are also selected Note If the lt Ctrl gt key is pressed while selecting an element all child elements are selected too 2 Section Geometry contains all basic geometrical types Points Curves e Surfaces e Solids This allows e to select all objects of a certain geometrical type In the 3D view only those elements become visible whose parent elements are selected also e to modify the display properties of all currently visible objects of a certain geometrical type 3 Section Imports This section contains all imported geometric
313. s 145 Area circles 268 Area progression 268 Assumptions 194 229 243 asymmetric 406 416 AUNGIER 316 AutoCAD 94 101 AutoGrid 97 128 Automated component design 61 Automatic 42 434 Automatic design 61 Automatic update 143 Axial extension 274 276 Axial impeller 229 Axial position 400 B Background 173 Basic values 193 228 242 Batch 26 O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH Index Batch mode template 92 bend 416 Beta progression 319 Bezier 279 319 343 344 406 411 Bezier curves 43 Bezier mode 268 274 276 284 Bezier polynom 332 Blade 350 364 365 Blade angle 310 313 Blade angles 292 323 332 Blade blockage 310 313 Blade lean angle 332 Blade lines 292 blade number 243 Blade properties 292 Blade root fillet 378 Blade shape 292 Blade thickness 292 337 Blade thickness leading edge 145 Blades 179 Boundary conditions 323 Brumfield 215 C CAD 9 85 CAE 85 Calculate 201 235 247 292 Calculation 42 Casing 71 376 Catia 94 108 CFD 9 85 131 444 CFT 69 CFturoo 9 CFturbo2ICEM 131 CFX BladeGen 94 Characteristic numbers 194 229 243 Check 155 164 checksum 15 Chord length 364 Circle 280 406 428 Circular blades 327 Color 179 company 12 15 Compare 135 Compensation 417 422 CFturbo 10 Compressor 9 Conformal mapping 319 Constant 337 Contact addresses 453 continuity equation 201 235 247 Contour 179 283 convert 279 343 Coordinate system 173 319 C
314. s calculated by approximation functions 151 are representing the theoretical reachable values and they should be corrected by the user if more information about the impeller or the whole machine are available The impeller efficiency n describes the energy losses caused by friction and vorticity Friction losses mainly originate from shear stresses in boundary layers Vorticity losses are caused by turbulence and on the other hand by changes of flow cross section and flow direction which may lead to secondary flow flow separation wake behind blades etc The impeller efficiency is the ratio between the actual specific energy Y and the energy transmitted by the impeller blades without any losses Net lt lt The volumetric efficiency is a quantity for the deviation of effective flow rate Q from total flow rate Q inside the impeller which also includes the circulating flow within the casing n ze amp 0 93 0 99 Q rising with impeller size The mechanical efficiency mainly includes the friction losses in bearings and seals P Nm 21 0 95 0 995 P rising with impeller size Impeller efficiency and volumetric efficiency are most important for the impeller dimensioning D Q because of their influence to and or Y The mechanical efficiency is affecting only the required driving power of the machine Information In the right panel of the tab sheet Parameter you can find again some calculated values for
315. s higher than spiral wrap angle One or more cross sections are defined at Adapt circumferential position of the cross positions gt spiral wrap angle section definition Volute Cross section or O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 420 CFturbo 10 Cross sections are updated automatically Therefore geometry modifications are possible Spiral cross section extents are updated To fix the spiral cross section extents you could automatically if anything on the inlet side or any uncheck the Automatic calculation right top spiral properties are modified Then you have to manually start the calculation if required Cross sections are not updated automatically Therefore the design could be not up to date Spiral cross section extents are not updated To be sure that all parameter modifications are automatically if any input parameters are considered you could switch to an automatic modified calculation by checking the Automatic option 10 3 1 Design rule The flow rate through a cross section A of the circumferential angle is generally calculated as falo Q fe dA c b r ar fa Using Q Qi 3 o 2x the outer radius ES results in an equation to calculate the circumferential angle dependent on O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH b r is a geometrical function which is defined according to the shape of the cross section The velocity c is chosen in accordance with the design
316. s imported via Workbench Reader Parameters are saved in a separate XML file TIE lav me Multiple data files are generated section dat diffusor dat curves dat e File Import IGG Data e Select dat file Repeat steps for remaining files vos 7 Dis v ue e File Import Database e Select igs file Pumplinx spro stl_ Version 34 9 1 sv mo Simerics MP The spro file contains all project information The stl file contains the geometry in STL format as triangulated 3D surfaces Some parameters 00 can be adapted In Simerics MP PumpLinx Select spro file under Open project O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH STAR CCM bndy estg trbw Version 8 04 007 Mesh Import turbo blades e Select trow file under Load Turbo Wizard Settings 4 files are created a session file lt filename gt tse and lt filename gt _hub curve lt filename gt _shroud curve lt filename gt _profile curve Load the saved session file lt filename gt tse e File New Case e Session Play Session or Open the curve files lt filename gt _hub curve lt filename gt _shroud curve lt filename gt _profile curve manually Launcher select directory start ANSYS TG File New Case File Load Curves input number of blades define z axis as rotational axis select cartesian coordinate system and length unit select curve file fil con geo aer cor Version 4 05 5 files are cr
317. s with different diameters for pumps compressors only Performance curves for impellers with decreased diameter can be calculated and displayed too The decrease of the impellers means that the geometric similarity is not given anymore Therefore performance curves are calculated by the following empirical correlations H H d d 4 and Q Q d d 9 The exponent mH should be within 2 3 mQ should be 1 or slightly bigger Similar to the correction of characteristics with different speeds those with different diameters will be corrected with Design 2 Loss D Loss D i o 1 E Reference curves For comparison purposes with the present design saved designs can be loaded soft button configure System characteristic pumps ventilators and compressors only An operating point in which a turbo machine could possibly run can be determined by a fictive system characteristic The display of a system characteristic can be controlled by the checkbox System Characteristic The system characteristic consists of a static and a dynamic part The static part is dependent on the parameter Geodetic Head pumps only and Static part respectively whereas the dynamic part is dependent on the parameter System hydraulic resistance The system characteristic can only be displayed if head or total pressure difference have been chosen as variable Information On the right hand site in the panel information some design poin
318. sen E Calculate outlet width b2 with Outlet width ratio Y b2 d2 0 14 Efficiencies Design relevant Information only Y Hydraulic efficiency nh p3 Volumetric efficiency nv 97 100 Casing efficiency nc 100 15 z FS TSi SS Po TS Ts ELE LES S TELF it T 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Y OK X Cancel 7 Help O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 195 For details of how to handle the parameter edit fields please see Edit fields with empirical functions 4 Parameters The panel Parameters allows defining alternative parameters in each case for the calculation of the following impeller main dimensions for pumps suction diameter d impeller diameter d impeller width b For d calculation pumps Ratio between meridional inflow velocity and specific energy co 42Y Intake coefficient 0 05 0 4 rising with ng k at Stepanoff high smaller dimensions lower friction losses lt 20 gt prevent the risk of cavitation Inflow angle Boa gt 15 with regard to efficiency 12 17 gt recommended for good suction capability Minimal relative small friction and shock losses CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 only if no cavitation risk i fig 1 15 1 05 standard impeller nq 15 40 velocity w f g 1 25 1 15 suction impeller Mes nie a s NPSH m European definition for illustration suct
319. sen polar together with the angle of attack is given in an additional diagram 5 Af Progressions of geometric parameters angles TT TIT AAA AAA uN 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 1 2 Angle of relative flow to circumferential direction B1 2 Blade angles at leading and trailing edge 0142 0 014 0138 0136 e a SER Es TTA ARRERRRERARAEARHRL 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 354 CFturbo 10 5 Criteria Progressions of aerodynamic and airfoil parameters Re Reynolds number as l t solidity DH DeHaller critierion 02 eiie 1e mm OMM MMC MD ST Strscheletzky critierion DFO1 diffusion number TECH LT 0 99 T tnc emere e HR OFF mm Ti eri 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 8 4 1 1 Cu specification 2 Impeller Blade properties V Axial machines only On tabsheet cu cm definition the velocity triangles at every span can be defined in accordance to the radial equilibrium ase CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 355 n CIE Blade properties A i Blades Information Number Number RES 3 20 E TS 15 zi 3 45 Values Meridian Diagrams Axial values Shroud Inside blade passage Outside blade passage Profile selection Profile properties cu cm distribution trailing edge Radial equilibrium Variable load X Cu Cm Cu t Trip 210 Hub to Shroud r
320. sing a pressure p the gas shall be compressed or expanded to an isentropic temperature T will be calculated A second temperature T is calculated under the assumption that the gas shall be compressed or expanded from state 1 to pressure p with an efficiency of The according enthalpy and entropy differences Ah and As resp is given too see h s diagram Test gas property models Input values pi f bar T1 ps 5 0 p2 2 bar n po 96 Gas model Perfect y Results Density p1 f p1 T1 1 1682 Spec heat cp1 f p1 T1 1004 8 Isen temperature T2is f p1 p2 T1 90 299 isen enthalpy diff Ahis f p1 p2 T1 65615 6 Enthalpy diff Ah f p1 p2 T1 n 82019 5 Temperature T2 f p1 p2 T1 n 106 62 Entropy diff As f pl p2 T1 T2 44 1 v Close Help O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH kg m J kg K x m s m s C J kg K CFturbo 10 p2 T2is Ah 6 4 4 Profiles Preferences Database Profiles S The dialog lists all defined profiles New ones can be added present profiles can be renamed deleted and changed CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 153 Profile properties E File location C Open m Save as C daten Software CFturbo Source CFturbo 10 0 dcu Win32 Profile cftbp Profiles mensa monos romana Name Parameters Profile polars es LH Ea B i prieto i p Glide number A NACA 6508 Max thickness di 96 s TR me ot cl
321. solute geometrical position Meridional contour Meridian O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH XML Tag attributes lt Bezier4MerLE Name GeoLeadingEdge gt lt u Hub gt lt u Shroud gt lt Bezier4MerLE Name GeoLeadingEdge gt lt Points gt lt Bezier4MerTE gt lt u Hub gt lt u Shroud gt lt Bezier4MerTE gt lt Points gt lt Bezier4MerLE Name GeoSplitLeadingEdge gt lt u Shroud gt lt u Hub gt CFturbo 10 Leading edge position on hub 0 1 Leading edge position on shroud 0 1 These value take higher priority than control points of the edge curve below and hence override the first and last control point values Control points of leading edge curve Number of control points depends on selected curve mode see meridional contour gt leading trailing edgel 21 Trailing edge position on hub 0 1 Trailing edge position on shroud 0 1 These value take higher priority than control points of the edge curve below and hence override the first and last control point values Only available if trailing edge is not fixed to outlet Control points of trailing edge curve Number of control points depends on selected curve mode see meridional contour gt leading trailing edgel zs Only available if trailing edge is not fixed to outlet Splitter leading edge position on hub 0 1 Splitter leading edge position on shroud 0 1 These value take higher
322. ssion below Area progression x 300 200 100 0 gle 0 100 200 300 Total Inner volute Outer volute Beside the default informational values 23 separate values for inner and outer part of the volute are O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 4 CFturbo 10 reported Furthermore 2 additional ratios are displayed e Expansion of outer volute using end point of blue curve start point of blue curve e Ratio of outer to inner throat using end point of blue curve end point of green curve 10 4 Diffuser Volute Diffuser W The geometry of the outlet diffuser can be designed and calculated in this dialog box A Diffuser CES 2 X j Additional Views aea Bryea S L5 Q Diffuser Informational values Equiv diam IN DIN 21799 mm Direction Equiv diam OUT DOUT 24 8 mm Radiat Area IN AIN 373 22 mm Mucio maa xa Area OUT AOUT 483 05 mm Deceleration ratio AR 0 773 Angle E po E Length L 44 282 mm Angle to middle o 30 004 Center distance E 0 mm Dimensions Cone angle 6 19406 Diffuser radius R 42 289 mm Xy plane z direction Height H6 3234 mm Rotation start angle 90 9327 QA Vertical outflow direction End cross section circle Rectangle pe ps8 mm r Section progression Position of end shape Bs zir growth p Area progression Quadratic area Reference lt IV visible SR Configure 40 2
323. static pressure i 0 i lt 0 4 lt 4g gt Stagnation point on pressure side 1 gt 4g gt Stagnation point on suction side A small incidence angle i can be profitable for best efficiency point Calculation of inside CFturbo 1 gives inflow without incidence Typical inlet blade angles are Pumps Ventilators ig lt 40 due to best efficiency ig As small as possible due to cavitation with regard to efficiency not smaller then 15 18 optimal blade angle is about 30 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 312 CFturbo 10 If the radius of leading edge varies from hub to shroud the blade angle A higher radius on shroud results in a lower value for Possible warnings Unusual high inlet blade angles Small inlet angles are typical for pumps and ventilators Unusual low inlet blade angles Usage of CFturbo is limited to inlet angles between 0 and 180 iB does not remain constant ig the blade is curved on leading edge Too high values indicate too small inlet cross section Increase suction diameter ds Main dimensions Fay Too small inlet angles indicate too high inlet cross section Decrease suction diameter ds Main dimensions 190 Blade angle calculation is impossible see below or adjust unsuitable user input for blade angles In case of turbines the calculation of the incidence by Aungier 2 6 can be used According to decreased energy transmission the slip
324. t Ah sin B With the assumption of zero circulation of the absolute flow within a stream surface green surface the relative velocity at the suction side can be calculated by O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 33 CFturbo 10 here u is the local circumferential velocity c is the circumferential component of the absolute velocity and ps are the blade angles at suction and pressure side respectively Due to the fact ss that mean relative velocity is an averaged value of w and Wps the relative velocity at the pressure side can be calculated with W 2 W W ps ss Annotation The continuity equation has to be solved iteratively for the relative velocity since the density of a compressible medium is determined by the relative velocity The density can be calculated from isentropic relation 1 o E 1 1 OA a R2 2 The average relative flow angle is approximated by the average value of the blade angle at suction and pressure side At a certain radius the assumption applies that due to the slip decreased power the flow cannot be considered as blade congruent anymore The mean relative flow angle will be corrected by the slip at loci with a radius bigger than this Stanitz Radius The whole procedure is based on the assumption that the flow is considered as frictionless and that shocks as well as heat transport across boundaries do not occur There might by geometric constellations where the c
325. t information can be found Beyond it also the mass flow or equivalent for the tangential shockless flow towards the leading edge of the impeller blades is given O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 6 2 1 4 Export 2 Project Export n The Export offers the designed geometry to be exported in standard file formats or for several CAE applications Export x Interfaces C Components Settings P step ari O amp Radial Impeller Export destination Model finishing is currently NOT up to date e C Paten g s e G lt Vaned radial diffuser f eus BREP O Model finishing is currently NOT up to date pe nq20 retum generic O 7 cross over ra O Y cross over lt O lt Return channel f CAD Parameters dditional parameters if available for the I rutocao 4 BladeGen BS CATIA yy Creo Parametric ya Inventor we SW SOLIDWORKS Export G omPoFa FF CFD ansa ANSA Y AutoGrid Export path C Daten A ICEM CFD Y 166 a Pointwise amp PumpLinx BG SimericsMP amp STAR CCM ES TurboGrid e amp ogaeusssaluo Log V Cose P Hep For geometry export you have to 1 Select interface in panel Interfaces 2 Select component s 3 Set export settings Interfaces Available interfaces are grouped into three blocks Basic 92 CADI 94 and CFD 97 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH NOS CFturbo 10 Generally there are 3 types of export formats availabl
326. t width b can be seen on the tab sheet Dimensions They can be recomputed by pressing the Calculate button within the panel Main dimensions The computation is based on Eulers Equation of Turbomachinery on the continuity equation and the relations for the velocity triangles as well as on the parameters and parameter ratios given in the tab sheets Setup and Parameters One may accept the proposed values or can modify them slightly e g to meet a certain normalized diameter In case the checkbox Automatic is activated a new calculation will accomplished after any change of parameter Then the manual alteration of the main dimensions is not possible O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 249 Main dimensions O setup Parameters Information Shaft Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 121 Allowable stress T IS s Ns sop 1000 2000 5000 10000 20000 g Factorofsatety SF IAS nq 10 20 50 100 200 E Min shaft diameter d 28 6 mm gt Main dimensions Calculate 17 Hub diameter dH 40 47 1 Suction diameter 143 Rotor diameter 202 inlet width p02 Specific diameter 5 y 1 05 d 1 07 1 A S ARA 0 05 0 45 0 85 1 25 1 65 2 05 245 Specific speed o o y v OK X Conca 2 Help Information In the right panel of any tab sheet an information panel is situated which holds th
327. ted rectangular or trapezoid Only the end cross section of the volute is designed all other cross sections result from this Under the heading Inner point position you can select whether positioning of the inner points 1 and 3 should be relative 0 1 O point 0 4 1 point S or absolute distance from point S The numeric values of the positions can be changed by right clicking on points 1 or 3 If the option Show all points under the O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH a CFturbo 10 heading Options is selected the different positioning methods become apparent The minimum curvature radius of the designed contour is shown in the box to the bottom right 10 2 2 Line Segments cross section The shape of a Line segments cross section is described by a series of line segments One half of the shape of the cross section is initially based on line segments arranged in a trapezoid shape Points 1 and 4 are the fix start and endpoint All corner points are connected by line segments The coordinates of each point and the related corner radius can be adjusted in the context dialog CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH r z mm 11 773 BEE r mm 52 5 R mm 4 AX Coordinates and radius of vertex Using the context menu of a line segment points can be added at the cursor position or be removed Add polygon point Remove polygon point Edit segment LJ Save polyline CG Reset
328. tended see Extend blade only s70 A single blade is trimmed with Meridian Flow Domain From Meridian Flow Domain a segment is cut In this way the trimmed Segment Real Geometry is created CFD Setup option If there is an Extension ss or RSI Connection 73 Segment Real Geometry is fused with Segment Extension and Segment RSI Connection In this way Segment Flow Domain is created Segment Flow Domain is copied multiple times The copies are rotated and sewed in order to create a new Meridian Flow Domain CFD Setup option If Blade projection s75 was chosen the corresponding projection surfaces are exactly trimmed Fillet creation at blade root affects only the solids and solid faces of Meridian Flow Domain and Segment The fillet radius should not be larger than the recommended value Fillet creation is not possible if the fillets of two neighboring blades would meet or if the fillet would protrude beyond the impeller inlet Update mode Manual The 3D model is updated only after closing the dialog e Automatic The 3D model is updated after every design modification automatically Symbol in main window O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller aer The symbol shows the state of Model finishing ES Model finishing is not defined yet a The 3D Model has been updated according to the finishing settings SS The design has been changed but the 3D Model is not up to date not finished or the mo
329. terer Kreuzweg 1 01097 Dresden Germany Phone 49 351 40 79 04 79 Fax 49 351 40 79 04 80 FriedrichstraBe 20 80801 Munich Germany Phone 49 89 189 41 450 Fax 49 89 189 41 45 20 11 4 License agreement Software Cession and Maintenance Contract between CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Unterer Kreuzweg 1 01097 Dresden Germany hereinafter designated the Licensor and the CFturbo user hereinafter designated the User 1 LICENSE AGREEMENT By virtue of this agreement the User acquires from the Licensor the non transferable and non exclusive right to use the software CFturbo hereinafter designated the Software for a period of O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH time in exchange for the licence fee agreed between the Licensor and the User 1 Licence Object The User acquires a nodelocked license or a license for one local office network LAN at one distinguished location of the company The program package consists of a data medium CD ROM or DVD with the Software and a user manual in the form of a PDF file In the event that the Software was downloaded from the official website of the Licensor the program package consists of the corresponding installation file including electronic documentation 2 Duration commencement of the licence The User obtains the right to use the Software The right is obtained after the payment of the full licence fee and implicitly expi
330. th the relative flow angle from cu specification amp 3 and the solidity 1 t the incidence is determined using Lieblein s design diagrams The same is done with respect to the deviation Now the the blade angles at leading and trailing edge are known Note The blade angles are applied to the equivalent circular skeleton line with the radius 2 sin Da Pa 2 From the blade angles the stagger angle can be determined by Veg CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 364 CFturbo 10 8 4 2 Blade profile Impeller Blade profiles To create 3D blade profiles the specified or calculated values from the Blade properties as are used Profile shape based on profile selection ss e Chord length scaling and Stagger angle rotation of each profile at the respective span position based on profile properties ss The resulting 2D profiles are displayed top left in the dialog whereas the thickness distribution at each span location can be found below Blade Profiles DES a E a e B Informational values x H Additional Views v Profile Tangential coordinate Bii oe 681 9 682 Group NACA 4 Digit AME 219 Name NACA6309 2 18 4 49 5 3 15 9 47 1 TE relative thickness 0 189 4 13 5 44 7 5 111 42 3 6 8 7 39 9 Radial 2D blade shape 7 6 3 37 5 Master span number 9 al 8 3 9 35 1 2 Sis Edge split 10 0 9 30 3 3D Preview x LE relative position 5 This is the splitting posit
331. their classification Relevant for classification efficiencies impeller design Mass qm for energy Maie rere medanea De for overall meduna s mechanic information only L The obtainable overall efficiency correlates to specific speed and to the size and the type of the impeller as well as to special design features like bypass installations and auxiliary aggregates Efficiencies calculated by approximation functions 45 are representing the theoretical reachable values and they should be corrected by the user if more information about the impeller or the whole pump are available The hydraulic efficiency or blade efficiency describe the energy losses within the pump caused by friction and vorticity Friction losses mainly originate from shear stresses in boundary layers Vorticity losses are caused by turbulence and on the other hand by changes of flow cross section and flow direction which may lead to secondary flow flow separation wake behind blades etc The hydraulic efficiency is the ratio between specific energy Y and the energy transmitted by the impeller blades The volumetric efficiency is a quantity for the deviation of effective flow rate Q from total flow rate inside the impeller which also includes the circulating flow within the pump casing rising with impeller size CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 200 CFturbo 10 The tip clearance efficiency is only relevant for unshrouded impellers
332. ting of radial fibers sos The resulting blade shape is three dimensional If the other curves have points with lower z values at leading edge higher z value at trailing edge than the first last hub point these curves have to be extrapolated In this case the blade would have a bad quality in the extrapolated region Impeller with splitter blades can have waw blade surface if only 2 blade profile sections are used The hub mean line is the master mean line All other mean lines are adapted automatically in order to overlap the hub mean line if viewing in z direction If the other mean lines are extended they will be extrapolated automatically For specific combinations of meridional leading edge and blade angles B1 s an extrapolation is impossible Leading edge The shroud point should have higher or equal radius than the hub point Trailing edge The shroud point should have lower or equal radius than the hub point Use radial const axial position or sloping meridional leading trailing edge Leading edge The shroud leading edge should have a higher or equal axial position compared to the hub Trailing edge The shroud trailing edge should have a lower or equal axial position compared to the hub Increase the number of blade profile sections page Blade angles Leading edgel t The point on shroud should be moved to a higher radius B1 s07 Blade angle should be increased O CFturbo Software a
333. tion seen in negative axis direction e Additional casing efficiency which contains all additional non typical flow losses in casing parts of the machine This efficiency value is used for overall efficiency calculation in addition to the efficiency values specified in the impeller design e Pre Swirl for pumps ventilators compressors only Here you may define the inflow swirl at hub and shroud The following definitions are available Flow angle Swirl number Swirl energy number a arcta N Cms Cus Oy UsCus Y 1 Positive swirl Negative swirl No swirl Negative swirl is increasing the head and may often have no good affect to the suction behavior O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 Inflow through a straight pipe usually leads to swirl free flow The different parameters can be converted C 4 9 1 Al Haz us tana T a dy Entana ese 8 uw 1 8 us f y The conversion 6 a is only valid for certain diameters d and dg Information Except for radial inflow turbines the general meridional shape of the machine depending on the specific speed is displayed in the right Information area radial mixed flow diagonal O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH axial Furthermore some calculated variables are displayed Specific speed points to machine type and general shape of impeller see Specific speedl 15 definitions Specific energy Y Pumps Ventilat
334. ton if you want to create the mail manually and paste the information send the mail to sales cfturbo com Install license file The license file you receive must be stored in the CFturbo installation directory e g C Program Files x86 CFturbo 10 you have chosen during the setup It already has ic as file extension this extension must be preserved There should be only one license file lic present in this directory Afterwards you can run CFturbo and check the license information 231 2 1 2 Network license setup Selecting the license server machine Network floating licensing requires a CFturbo license server software running on a server machine The license server controls access of the clients to the CFturbo licenses The server machine should have the following properties The operating system of the server machine has to be Microsoft Windows It s highly recommended to use a server system Windows Server 20xx The server machine has to be located in the same local area network LAN of all CFturbo clients Usage of the network licenses in a wide area network WAN is not allowed The server machine should be highly available have high speed Ethernet connection and a moderate level of network traffic O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 18 CFturbo 10 2 1 2 1 e All license related files must be located on a local computer disk of the server machine The server machine must have a stat
335. tour a new computational grid is calculated Also some extensions are added to the inlet and outlet in order to ease the setup of the boundary conditions CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 200 CFturbo 10 Extension ds Extension d Cz MCN PN dN On the basis of the updated grid the equation for stream function is solved and lines with constant values of the stream function and of the meridional velocity are displayed O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller radial coordinate 115 r mm 1 d2 105 95 85 75 6s 55 ds 45 35 25 191 dH z mm 5 axial coordinate A LE gt 5 2 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 amp 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 31 32 33 34 35 38 37 38 39 4 41 42 Annotation Due to the potential flow theory the given solution is only a rough estimation of the real meridional flow One has to bear in mind that friction is not considered as well as the no slip boundary condition at hub and shroud For detailed flow analysis CFD techniques for solving the entire set of Navier Stokes Equations has to be used Also the solution scheme implemented FDM may not always find a solution for every combination of design point and meridional contour Singularities will occur if the solution domain has radii close to zero Then at those locations some artefacts might exist in the m
336. tric simple geometry with a beneficial stress distribution does not develop on rotation surfaces Round asymmetric external more favorable secondary flow structure than with a symmetrical cross section often with mixed flow impellers e Strictly external cross sections don t fall below inlet radius Open to right asymmetric development O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH to right pos z direction Square on top square shape on right top of cross section Round asymmetric internal limitation of radial extension additional bend necessary see Internal cross sections 18 Bezier Rectangle type analogous with Rectangle with chamfers cast radii see Bezier cross section 11 Bezier Trapezoid type analogous with Trapezoid with chamfers cast radii see Bezier cross section 5 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH ao CFturbo 10 Line segments see Line Segments cross section 12 Radius based see Radius based cross section 15 Section properties Here you can specify some properties of the currently selected cross section in the table Sections Details can be found in the table above Display options Under Display options changes can be made which affect only the graphics Limitations For double volutes the cone angle opening of all cross sections has to be constant Therefore round types and Line segments are not available If any of th
337. two digits f jx y jp eee s ie I I d 2 ome A ein Ey l M l In addition to the geometric properties lift coefficients and glide numbers need to be set with respect to the angle of attack NACA 65 series The NACA 65 series is of importance for turbo machinery because of their systematic cascade studies In contrast to NACA 4 digit their aerodynamic data is also known for more heaw cambered profiles The meanline can be calculated from a theoretical lift coefficient that is calculated from a user defined camber angle see Carolus 49 p 54 Eq 3 11 3 12 2n e mit Pg Pa a Nose radius and thickness can be modified Point based Besides NACA profiles also user defined profiles are provided Therefore the lower and upper side of the profile has to be known Moreover lift coefficients and glide numbers need to be set with respect to the angle of attack O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Menu 185 6 4 5 General Preferences Settings General d Menu item General preferences is used for global program options General preferences General preferences cg Howe une cloos senings Mouse ns rs Language of online help 3D model English X Left Middle Right O Rotate Y Q Zoom m Move Y 20 E days Action when double clicking component Initial view after loading file Activate PROJECT ribbon Meridian Activate COMPONENT ribbon Warning before lice
338. ud end points measured to the horizontal direction e Angle of leading edge on hub and shroud measured to the horizontal direction Axial extension Az of hub and shroud Radial extension Ar of hub and shroud e Angle of trailing edge measured to the horizontal direction Default axial extension Az from inlet shroud to outlet midline defined for radial impellers only e Maximal axial extension Az of complete meridional shape Maximal radial extension Ar of complete meridional shape Axial blade overlapping z of shroud blade area onto hub blade area in z direction LE distance b from LE at hub to LE at shroud LE circle b as diameter of a circle inside the meridional contour at LE position LE diameter d at intersection of LE and midline Diameter ratio d d 3D Preview 3D modell 72 of the currently designed meridional shape The meridian contains hub and shroud as well as a circular projection of the blade in a plane Curvature progression O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH CFturbo 10 8 2 4 Curvature progression along hub and shroud curve The progression should be as smooth as possible avoiding hard peaks Static moment The static moment is the integral of the curve length x in the blade area multiplied by the radius r frg S re Le It should be similar for hub and shroud end points Area section Progression of the cross section area between hub and shroud Local maximum or
339. ud mean line C The point of intersection is too close to the endpoints of the mean line lower than 5 8 3 2 2 Circular blades Straight blades 7 Main blade m t For these simple 2D blade shapes all mean lines are completely determined by blade shape and blade angles All mean lines are computed fully automatically so they can t be modified interactively cartesian coordinate Circular 2D 160 y mm 140 120 SUBIR Ip uoissaJbo4d sanje euone woun The blades are displayed in Frontal view most reasonable For circular blades the center of the circle and the blade radius are displayed in the frontal view Furthermore the appropriate numerical values are displayed in the Circular blade table in the Informational values area en x mm us g i EE M A E see Additional views s28 160 120 80 40 0 40 80 120 160 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 328 CFturbo 10 Main blade m t 8 3 2 3 Additional views The following information can be displayed in the mean line dialog using the Additional views button E Additional Views E 3D Preview Beta progression Cross section Lean angle Relative velocity Static pressure Abs circumferential velocity Swirl Informational values Tcartesian coordinate Straight 2D y mm 110 90 70 so 30 10 40 30 50 0 30 i 1 110 x m
340. uld not be allowed in first and second order v 1 v 2 due to unacceptable shaft vibration if possible also in third order v 3 m 2 as well represents a periodic impeller load but is acceptable in most cases Vibration modes with m 2 normally don t generate resonance and are allowed therefore For each modification of the stator blade count z the m values for each combination v 1 3 and v 1 3 are calculated and displayed in the table Values m 0 are marked in red color m 1 in orange and m 2 in yellow The recommended stator blade count according to the current number of impeller blades are represented below the input field O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 304 CFturbo 10 9 4 Blade mean lines Stator Blade mean lines E In principle the same features are available as for the mean lines 14 of impellers For special radial diffuser blade shapes Log Spiral Straight 2D and Circular Free form 2D the mean line design is made in the frontal view The mean lines are the inner vane sides concave sides Bi Blade mean lines pij aa m E Main blade m t E Additional Views v Design mode Q gm H S ZA Wa Ozoombisde A Zoomall Informational values xX e Radial diffuser mt geometry 3cartesian coordinate Circular Free form 2D Throat distance a3 LE 180 3y mm a3 Optimum 6 67 mm 1707 a3 Actual 6 67 mm El Outlet distance a4 TE 19 8 mm mi 160 Di
341. unction is defined at all then the CFturbo internal function is used With these buttons below the tree you can add delete or rename functions 121 Alternatively you can use the context menu by right click on any function The following hierarchy exist in the tree CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 108 CFturbo 10 6 4 3 Mechanical efficiency physical variable S O Test user defined function S n 1000 parameter curve available for some functions only Upper Limit de upper limit curve optional n 2000 Upper Limit Functions can depend on 2 variables whereas one serves as parameter Separate curves exist for each particular parameter value that are used to calculate function values The parameter value is displayed on endpoint of the curve in the diagram With the upper limit curve you can define a recommended range which means an area that is defined by a higher and a lower limit In panel Points right from diagram you can edit curve points of selected function You can add new points at the end of the table the points are automatically sorted by x values To remove a point you have to delete either x or y value These buttons are enabling the user to euis import points from file one point per line export points to file copy all points to clipboard paste points from clipboard e g from Excel clear the table On panel Test you can test the active function Sa
342. under the following assumptions e the flow is rotationally symmetric O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 8 4 1 2 Impeller 357 e friction is neglected e the streamlines are axis parallel and have no inclination The radial balance equation is given here for a section behind an impeller pump compressor ventilator and before a rotor turbine respectively 0 p5dA p dp dA r0 p dA dr dp _ Cu dr r The definition of total pressure in section 2 differentiated with respect to r plus above equation yield 2 dpi Cua dc c Ec yp m ice uz d r 1 m2 dr Me With the blade work according to Euler the equation becomes d iGus Cuz dregs dc 2 u2 _ u2 u2 m2 Nimp 2 r r ar dr With the following boundary conditions and a given c r specification the solution of the differential equation gives a c r distribution and therefore the complete velocity triangles at every span Shr m Je Cma t 27r dr Pub Shr P fut cy 0 965 0 22r dr Hub From the velocity triangles the degree of reaction can be determined by the following equation Ah alc R Ah 2A u Cu2 Blade profiles 2 Impeller Blade properties V Axial machines only On tabsheet Profile selection the axial blade profile properties are specified To this end the profiles have to be selected from the Profile manager 152 Two alternative methods are available O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering Gmb
343. velocity Average outlet velocity net Pfleiderer 2 2 NPSH A mL A Pa 2g 2g with loss coefficients c9 lel 1 35 0 03 0 1 0 3 w G lich NPSH H n ns NPSHa h Q nss J with suction specific speed ng 160 280 NPSH estimation Stepanoff NPSHg 0 H with cavitation number o 1 22 10 sud Petermann with suction number Sd 0 2 0 4 0 6 2 0 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 2 Outlet width ratio Meridional deceleration Estimated axial force F 0 9pgH 7 4 a dii The Meridional preview is until now based on the main dimensions only Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles Schematic sketch for illustration only v Automatic fit view 155 re 135 115 95 75 55 35 z mm 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 The Cordier diagram is based on an intensive empirical analysis of proved turbomachinery using extensive experimental data O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 206 CFturbo 10 Values Meridian Cordier diagramm Velocity triangles 500 1000 2000 3000 5000 10000 10 20 30 50 10 200 300 20 Radial Axial NNNM Mixed flow o ao Specific diameter 5 wy 4 05 d va 0 05 0 1 0 2 03 05 1 2 Specific speed c p y The Velocity triangles are the result of a mid span calculation and are based on the design point 71 and the main dimensions Values Meridian Cordier diagramm
344. ving of values is possible by clicking OK button Fluids Preferences Database Fluids p The dialog lists all defined fluids New ones can be added present fluids can be renamed or deleted O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Fluids File location E Open H Save as C daten Software CFturbo Source CFturbo 10 0 dcu Fluid cftfl Fluids T incompressible Compressible NONIS 02 Oxygen N2 Nitrogen General H20 Steam C0 Carbon monoxide C02 Carbon dioxide Heat capacity cp 1004 9 Ji kg K S02 Sulfur dioxide CH4 Methane Perfect Gas NO Nitrogen monoxide NO2 Nitrogen dioxide Compressibility factor zn NH3 Ammonia He Helium r Real Gas Ne Neon Ar Argon Critical values F2 Fluorine Pressure 72E6 Pa CI2 Chlorine R12 refrigerant agent T rature Terit 140 65 e R22 refrigerant agent T R134a refrigerant agent Den Biz k R410a refrigerant agent aly pet Acentric factor w 0 035 Heat rl cp1 0 Ji kg K2 coefficien cp T cp2 o J kg K cp3 b J kg K Transport Properties Kinematic viscosity v 1 535bE 5 ms OK saves P all changes P OK X Cancel 7 Heb In the right panel the properties of the selected fluid can be defined The available parameter vary depending on the medium type compressible incompressible The buttons for opening and saving offer the possibility of the exchange of fluid data between CFturbo insta
345. w Cross sections Radius progression Area progression Area Radius ratio v Contour angle progression 3D Preview 3D modell 72 of the currently designed spiral development areas Informational values Some informative values relating to the end cross section are displayed Radius Height Width Side ratio Equivalent diameter Area Volume flow Average velocity Static pressure Density Temperature Mach number Ma O CFturbo Software 8 Engineering GmbH 42 CFturbo 10 Cross sections Volute cross sections z r Radius progression Radius distribution r Area progression Area distribution A Area radius ratio Area Gravity center radius r distribution A R Contour angle progression Angle between the outer spiral contour and the circumferential direction Note that due to the differential characteristic of the contour angle the continuity of this distribution is decreased by one 10 3 4 Double Volute Double Volutes are used to compensate asymmetric casing forces that are inevitable for Single Volutes Double Volute design can be activated in the initial volute Setup 4 O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH General procedure for Double Volute design Double volutes are calculated analogously to Single Volutes The blockage at splitter leading edge has to be compensated by splitter compensation see parameters below exactly like Cut wat
346. will be used for blade design are displayed in the diagram The number of lines can be adjusted with the track bar on the left side of the table By default the meridional lines are equally spaced between hub and shroud When using 2D blade shapes a low number of profiles may be sufficient in dependence of the leading edge shape e g for a straight leading edge For that reason the initial design for ventilators is made by 2 blade profiles Blade angles are computed under consideration of the equations listed below They remain unchanged by default if they are determined once If main dimensions or meridional contours are modified or on the other hand values of blade thickness or slip velocity are renewed a recalculation of blade angles should be executed by pressing the button Calculate BB This recalculation is made automatically if the checkbox Automatic is selected Details of calculation of Inlet trianglels 0 Details of calculation of Outlet triangle s 3 auto For special blade shapes some restrictions are existing and only the blade angles of the master mean line at hub can be calculated or adapted manually The angles of all other sections are calculated automatically later during the mean line design 3l because they depend on the mean line shape This fact is indicated by the caption auto in the table This means that there is a coupling condition based on the selected blade shape that results in an automatic calculati
347. with nq c JC Ratio between meridional outlet velocity and specific energy j Ca A2Y for pumps Outlet coefficient 0 08 0 26 rising with nq k n2 at Stepanoff for ventilators Shroud angle g CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 198 CFturbo 10 Efficiency In panel Efficiency you have to specify several efficiencies You have to distinguish between design relevant efficiencies and efficiencies used for information only Design relevant e hydraulic efficiency e volumetric efficiency e tip clearance efficiency Information only e side friction efficiency e mechanical efficiency e motor efficiency e casing efficiency displayed for information only see Global setupl 71 The casing efficiency is used additionally for impeller dimensioning in order to compensate the flow losses in the casing The losses resulting in energy dissipation from the fluid form the impeller efficiency Mim NhNvNsNT Impeller casing and mechanical efficiency form the overall efficiency coupling efficiency of the Stage gy When considering motor losses additionally the overall efficiency of the stage incl motor is defined St Po pump output see above Pp mechanical power demand coupling driving power P electrical power demand of motor O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH Impeller 199 The following summary illustrates the single efficiencies and
348. with the return and order the deletion of the program and the destruction of the documentation If the Licensor exercises this elective right he will explicitly inform the User to this effect 4 The User is expressly advised that after the end of the contractual relationship he may not continue to use the Software and in the event of non compliance is violating the copyright of the copyright holder 8 2 SOFTWARE MAINTENANCE The Licensor performs the maintenance and upkeep of the Software modules included in this contract under the following conditions The maintenance of computer hardware is not the subject matter of this contract 1 Scope of the maintenance obligation 1 The contractual maintenance measures include O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH a The provision of the respectively newest program versions of the Software modules named under 1 no 1 as free of charge downloads The Software is installed by the User b The updating of the Software documentation Insofar as a significant change to the functional Scope or operation of the software occurs completely new documentation will be provided c On the expiration of the defect liability period resulting from the Software cession contract the remedying of defects both in the program code and in the documentation d Both the written also by fax or e mail and telephone advising of the customer in the event of problems regarding the use of the Software as
349. y at overload operation Spiral inlet outlet for turbines b e Inlet diameter d _ d e Inlet width b b i e Abs flow angle turbines CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 404 CFturbo 10 Please note For stand alone volutes you have to define the inlet interface first see Inlet Details 105 instead of specifying d and b values for pumps ventilators compressors dn and b are suitable to the previous component outlet If the previous component is an impeller d and b are determined using the ratios d d and b b which are calculated from functions dependent on the specific speed nq see Approximation function 145 Clicking on the Set Default button at top recalculates the standard values A short distance between the impeller and the cut water is desirable for reasons of flow For acoustic and vibration reasons however a certain minimum distance is necessary The inlet width b should be chosen such that the width height ratio at the end cross section of the volute is close to 1 The ratio b b can be varied within a relatively wide range without significant negative effect on the efficiency For radial impellers with open impeller sides values up to b b 2 are possible At higher specific speeds wider impellers however high width ratios have a negative effect on flow intensive secondary flows turbulence losses In this case b b should be between 1 05 and 1 2 Values d and b
350. y blend 2 Select desired curves use Ctrl for multi selection O CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH E c EO BOY PRT0001 Active Creo Parametric File Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications Boundary Blend A 5 Chains a Click here to add tem LE S f ss y x Curves Constraints Control Points Options Properties Applies and saves any changes you have made in the feature tool and then closes the tool dashboard Bem aie Model Tree E PRTO001 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT 4x PRT CSYS DEF 54 Curve From File id 40 gt Insert Here Boundary Blend 1 ES g gt Select two or more curve or edge chains to define the surface first direction A point or vertex may be used in plac 3 Finalize Boundary Blend task by clicking on OK CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH EH CFturbo 10 BOE e e PRTO001 Active Creo Parametric a H X File Model Analysis Annotate Render Tools View Flexible Modeling Applications Ap zi e Axis E 7 eR Revolve Uf Hole Draft y de 3 25 o E Fae a a xx Point qySweep Round y A Shell Plane Extrude Pattern Boundary Component Z Coordinate System Swept Blend Y Chamfer Y 2 Rib 5 C4 Blend Y nterface Shapes Y Engineering Y Editing Surfaces Model Intent Y Aaa wl och iex Model Tree j PRTO001 PRT 7 RIGHT 7 TOP 7 FRONT k PRT CSYS DEF 54 Curve From File id 40 Boundary Bl
351. zed by the user in order to implement user specific knowledge into the CFturbo based design process In spite of the creation of semiautomatic proposals fundamental experiences in turbomachinery design are helpful but not necessary An experienced turbomachinery design engineer should be able to design new high quality impellers and volutes more easily and quickly Integration of geometry data into the CAE environment is easily possible by direct interfaces to various CAD and CFD systems EOL Validation Product Grid generation ICEM CFD TurboGrid Pointwise AutoGrid Gambit CFD FEM Simulation CFX FineTurbo PumpLinx CCM CFdesign OpenFOAM Optimization interactiv or automatic gt CAD Catia SolidWorks UG NX ProE Inventor BladeGen Measurement Rapid Prototyping Validation Please read the License agreement 454 before using the program Information about activating license you can read in chapter Licensing 121 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 10 CFturbo 10 Contact persons you can find under Contact addresses 53 actual information on the CFturbo website Copyright 2015 CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH CFturbo Software amp Engineering GmbH 1 2 CFturbo 10 2 General This chapter contains some general program information about Licensinghi Batch model 261 Project structure and interfaces 38 Graphica

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