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miroMOTION DC30 plus miroMOTION DC30

1. Audio Out R Audio InL Audio InR max 44 1 KHz 16 bit linear per channel 20 Hz 20 kHz 3 dB gt 82 dB 20 kOhm for mircophone sensitivity 20 dB adjustable via software for dynamic microphones for Line sensitivity 0 dB adjustable via software for microphone sensitivity 0 1 Vrms for Line sensitivity 1 Vrms 600 Ohm 10 kOhm 0 707 Vrms User s Guide 41 NOTES 42 miroMOTION Appendix A Hardware Configurations Depending on the operating mode the miroMOTION can be used in different configurations The following pages explain the different connections Make sure you always connect the inputs outputs of the same type Only connect an S Video output to an S Video input or a composite output to a composite input DIGITIZING WITH THE miroMOTION Connections To use the miroMOTION only for grabbing digitizing video sequences make the following connections E P miroMOTION DC30 plus PENE O 4 CE Inputs Outputs Audio output of the video source i Audio input of the VCR microphone tape recorder CD player TV loudspeakers Ls Camcorder VCR TV tuner TV for image preview optional The miroMOTION input connects to a suitable video source the miroMOTION output connects to a TV optional If your video source has an S Video output us
2. When creating a project compositing several video clips you absolutely need to choose the same project preset as for video recording The miroMOTION project presets determine a data rate for effect rendering at maximum video resolution 4 MB s 3 MB s miroMOTION DC30 This rate is also used for video capture If you are using another rate for video capture you should adapt the data rate for effect rendering correspondingly menu Project commands Settings Compression Please check if the hard disk on which the project file has been saved to is fast enough The settings determined by the miroMOTION project presets should not be changed video standard resolution codec To edit the video clips proceed as follows 1 Place in the Timeline Place the video clips in the Timeline Edit in the Timeline Edit the clips in the Timeline using crossfades or filters for example For a detailed description of the Adobe Premiere functions refer to the Adobe Premiere manual Define work area Use the Work area bar to define the work area of your project Press lt Enter gt save Press lt Enter gt You will be asked whether you want to save the project Specify a file name and save the project The preview will be created The effects within the defined work area will be rendered Afterwards the movie will be played User s Guide 19 RECORDING VIDEO ON TAPE Note with the miroMOTION output to tape
3. L Install the miroMOTION board Turn your computer and all peripherals off Remove the necessary cables Open the computer s housing Remove the slot cover Insert the board Reassemble your computer Reconnect all cables KARARAN Connect video source s to the video input s while the computer and the peripherals are switched off M Connect video sources with composite outputs to the composite input and or connect video sources with S Video outputs to the S Video input Connect a VCR television to the video output while the computer and the peripherals are switched off M Connect the VCR television to the appropriate video output composite or S Video Establish the audio link M Connect the Y adapter to the miroMOTION DC 30 plus audio input output M Connect the audio source to the Line In connection on the adapter M Connect a VCR or powered speakers to the Line Out connection on the adapter Switch your computer on Now switch your computer on Install Adobe Premiere M Insert the Adobe Premiere CD start the installation program and follow the instructions For more information read the instructions on page 11 For help with this refer to the board layout on page 9 4 miroMOTION Run the installation M Insert the miroMOTION CD ROM Start the installation from the miroMOTION folde
4. The image quality of videos recorded or processed using the miroMOTION depends on the resolution the data rate the image noise and the type of video material used Resolution The miroMOTION can function at a maximum NTSC resolution of 640 x 480 At data rates of less than 2 MB s it often makes sense to use a lower resolution e g 320 x 240 quarter screen While this does result in decreased sharpness of detail at the same time there is a considerable reduction in the image interference produced by the MJPEG compression meaning better overall quality Data rate The higher the data rate the less compression is required which leads directly to improved image quality The data rate should not exceed the maximum data rate of the hard disk otherwise the playback will not be smooth dropped frames Noise Image noise interferes a great deal with MJPEG compression It leads to a considerable increase in compression interference and or very high data rates are required for good image quality So always make sure to use material with a minimum of noise Size You should figure on two minutes of new footage per minute of finished video footage this equals a data amount depending on quality of approx 500 MBytes Speed The hard disk must be fast enough to store data at the desired rate during video capture and be capable of reading data for video playback To be on the safe side the measurable mean data rate of the hard
5. Green and Blue the basic colors of additive color mixing RGB describes the method used in computer technology where image information is transferred by dividing it into the three basic colors Abbreviation for Read Only Memory Memory chip that keeps it s data without power supply after being programmed once EPROM The RLE Run Length Encoding method is part of the JPEG compression Repeating values are not saved individually but with a counter which states how often the values occurs in succession Adaptation to the desired image size One or more video clips that belong together thematically User s Guide XI SCSI SCSI ID SCSI host adapter SCSI terminator SECAM Serial port SIF Signal to noise ratio Single frame Software CODEC Still Video S VHS S Video Time Code Transition TrueColor XII miroMOTION Abbreviation for Small Computers System Interface SCSI is used as hard disk interface for high performance PCs because of its high data rate Up to eight SCSI devices can be connected to a computer at the same time A number that identifies a SCSI device which is connected to a SCSI host adapter Normally a SCSI host adapter is a supplement board which connects the computer host and the SCSI bus Here the DV500 board is also called a host adapter Electrical circuit at the end of a cable which prevents the reflection of electrical signals when they reach the cable Each SCSI bus only
6. I Frames P Frames and B Frames The GOP size defines how many I B or P Frames pictures are included in one GOP Current GOP sizes are for example 9 or 12 Compression method which creates compressed digital video sequences These video sequences need special additional hardware to be recorded played back and offer a better image quality than data compressed with software CODECs Improved version of Video8 using S Video recorded on Metal Particle or Metal Evaporated tape Because of higher luminance resolution and wider bandwidth the result is sharper pictures than Video8 For images this normally means a 16 bit 5 6 5 data type that can contain up to 65 536 colors TGA file formats support images of this type Other file formats require prior conversion of a HiColor image into True Color For displays HiColor normally refers to 15 bit 5 5 5 display adapters that can display up to 32 768 colors Differentiation of colors with terms like red yellow orange Part of the JPEG image data compression seldom occurring values receive a long code while constantly occurring values receive a short code Acronym for Integrated Device Electronics A hard drive interface that combines all drive control electronics on the drive itself The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers boasting a membership of over 320 000 is the world s largest professional society The IEEE was formed by a 1963 merger of the American Institute o
7. V the color information User s Guide XIII XIV miroMOTION Appendix C Support Questionnaire Dear Customer Before you contact the telephone support hotline or your dealer for advice in the event of trouble please first read the accompanying manuals and the Tips amp Tricks on our homepage at http www pinnaclesys com If this still does not remedy the situation please answer the following questions as completely as possible From Mr Ms Company Street Postal Code City Phone FAX Hardware Questions regarding hardware 1 What type of Macintosh or compatible computer do you own Manufacturer Type Serial number 2 How much memory does the computer have MBytes 3 Which harddisk do you use Manufacturer Bus system 4 Which harddisk controller do you use Apple onboard Manufacturer Bus system 5 What additional hardware is installed in the system e g accelerators network and cache cards hard disks scanners Software Questions regarding software 1 What operating system do you use System 9 __ System 8 __ System _ _ 2 Do you use cache memory volume cache Yes No if yes size of cache KBytes 3 Do you use virtual memory Yes No If so size of memory _____ MBytes 4 Which version of the miro installation CD ROM do you use see label on the insta
8. R gt or open the Sequence menu and click on the desired render command RECORDING VIDEO ON TAPE 1 Press lt i gt lt M gt Once you have finished editing the movie and are satisfied with the results press the keyboard shortcut lt gt lt M gt or open the File menu and select the command Print to Video 3 Change setting if necessary click OK If necessary change the settings in the Print to Video window Click on the OK button The effects are rendered if the entire film was already rendered then you will be prompted immediately to start the VCR 4 Start VCR click OK Start the VCR and click on OK Press lt Esc gt to stop recording If you use the device controller please consult the corresponding section in the Final Cut Pro manual User s Guide 29 GENERAL Low noise image Data rate Hard disk Output via graphics hardware Output via video output Gi 30 miroMOTION Tips amp Tricks Video quality To be able to record video in high quality the video source must supply a good low noise input signal You should adapt the data rate to the hard disk speed If the data rate is too high some frames are not saved dropped which results in unsmooth playback If the data rate is too low this might result in a quality loss The maximum data rate is determined by your system the computer type the clock frequency and the hard disk speed Please test some settings to determine t
9. of equipment Video Editing Board Produkt Produc MIrOMOTION DC30 plus miroMOTION DC30 Das bezeichnete Produkt stimmt mit den Vorschriften folgender EU Richtlinie n berein The aforementioned product complies with the following European Council Directive s 89 336 EWG Richtlinie des Rates zur Angleichung der Rechtsvorschriften der Mitgliedstaaten ber die elektromagnetische Vertr glichkeit Council Directive 89 336 EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility Zur vollst ndigen Einhaltung dieser Richtlinie n wurden folgende Normen herangezogen To fully comply with this these Directive s the following standards have been used EN 55022 Class B 1994 EN 50082 1 1992 IEC 801 2 4 ENV50140 ENV 50141 Dieser Erkl rung liegt zugrunde Pr fbericht e des EMV Pr flabors This certification is based on Test report s generated by EMl test laboratory Aussteller Holder of certificate Pinnacle Systems GmbH Frankfurter Stra e 3c D 38122 Braunschweig Braunschweig 04 02 1998 Ort Place Datum Date Oliver Hoheisel Georg Blinn Engineering Manager Gesch ftsf hrer Managing Director Rechtsverbindliche Unterschrift Legally binding XVIII miroMOTION 4 4 pin Mini DIN female connector 9 8 8 pin Mini DIN 41 A Access port cover 7 ActiveMovie IV Address IV Aliasing IV Animation 35 Anti aliasing IV Aspect ratio IV Audio device
10. take place differently than described in the Adobe Premiere Manual 1 Define work area Once you have finished editing the movie use the Work area bar to define the work area of your project 2 Press lt Enter gt save Press lt Enter gt If you have not saved the project yet or if you have made changes you will be asked if you want to save your project Specify a file name if necessary and save the project if necessary The effects are rendered if the entire movie was already rendered then it is played back immediately 3 Record video If the preview is in keeping with your expectations then start your video recorder and press the Play button or the lt Spacebar gt button If you use the device controler please read the associated section in the Adobe Premiere manual FURTHER SETTINGS UNDER ADOBE PREMIERE Capture Settings Chose the commands Settings and Capture Settings from the Project menu to select the Capture Settings Capture Settings Capture Format QuickTime Capture Cancel F Capture Video Device Control Video Tg lie nn Toad Era et j tat Advanced Size 768 x Preroll Time H Constrain Timecode offset L Log wsing reel name Save El Capture Audio E Report dropped frames O Abort on dropped frames U Decode burned in timecode O Capture Limit 600 sec 20 miroMOTION Video Input Size Here you can specify the size at which the clip shoul
11. video clips Capture the additionally desired video clips in the same manner If you want to edit the clips that you have captured you should make certain that you always use the same project template for capturing the clips when creating a project collection of several video clips To edit the video clips proceed as follows 1 Drag into Browser Drag the finished video clip into the Browser Save Video clip You will be asked to state the file name under which the clip should be saved Specify a file name and click on Save Drag to the Viewer window Drag the sequence into the Viewer window left window If necessary define in and out points if you don t want to take over the whole clip Drag to the Canvas window Drag the sequence into the Canvas window right window If desired specify the effect with which you want to pull the clip into the Canvas window The video clip automatically appears in the timeline If you don t want to edit the clip in the source window you can also pull it directly into the timeline Edit next clip Proceed in the same manner with the next video clip Edit Project in the Timeline Edit the project in the time line according to your ideas You will find a list of possible effects in the browser on the Effects Page Render the Project If you want to view your project with all effects these must first be rendered To do this press the keys lt 5 gt lt
12. video monitor is connected correctly Next turn on the video source and activate the video input If the image of the video source appears on the monitor then you can be certain that the video source is connected and functioning properly Video Input Here you can specify the video source used S Video or Composite Sound Input Here you can specify the audio source Microphone Line external CD internal or None There is no reason to change this setting since both Adobe Premiere and Final Cut Pro use their own audio settings for recording Once you have adjusted all settings to your personal system configuration close the Settings dialog box STARTING THE SETTINGS DIALOG LATER ON ED As soon as the miroMOTION has been installed the Pinnacle icon P appears automatically in the control strip If this is not the case you have to enable the control strip To do so select Control Panels and Control Strip from the Apple menu and enable the control strip Heel PL You can move the control strip with the mouse when the option key is pressed These two buttons let you minimize resize the control strip A click on the Pinnacle icon opens the Settings dialog box Additional settings Park Frames The Park Frames option lets you determine how the last frame played should be displayed as a still frame Short 10 seconds Long one minute Forever Deinterlace Parked Frames The Option Deinterlace Parked Frames d
13. 10 Audio devices 9 Audio input 41 Audio output 10 41 Audio source II AVI IV Batch Capture IV Betacam IV BIOS IV Bit IV Bitmap V Blacking V Brightness V Byte V C Cables 3 Capture quality 30 CD player 3 10 Channel V Charge electrostatic 3 Checkerboard pattern 35 Index Chroma V Clock frequency V CODEC V Color depth 32 V Color distribution 35 Color model V Color saturation V Colors 40 COM Port V Complementary Color V Composite I Composite input 9 Composite video VI Compression VI Compressor 22 Computer s housing 4 Connections I Connectors 40 Constrain 21 Cropping VI D DAT VI Data format 22 Data rate 23 30 31 DCT VI Decibel VI Depth 23 Digital8 VI DirectMedia VI DirectShow VI DirectX VI Dissolve VI Dithering VI DMA VI DV VI DV cassette VII DV Recording Format VII E ECP VII User s Guide 4 E F O miroMOTION Edit decision list EDL VII EPP VII EPROM VII Expansion slot 7 F Fade To From Black VII Field VII Filter 22 FireWire VII Footage 31 Format 22 Fragmentation 32 Frame VII Frame Rate 34 Frames per second 23 Full Motion 30 Full Screen 30 G GOP VIII H Hard disk 31 Hardware CODEC VIII Hi8 VIII HiColor VII Hue VIII Huffman Coding VIII VO Ix IDE VII IEEE VIII TEEE 1394 IX Image IX Input 22 Insert cut IX Installation 4 Installer program 13 Interference 31 Interlaced IX Interleave IX IRQ IX Irrelevance IX ITI IX JPE
14. CONNECTING AUDIO DEVICES INSTALLING ADOBE PREMIERE INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING THE SOFTWARE INSTALLING THE miroMOTION SOFTWARE CONFIGURING THE miroMOTION SOFTWARE STARTING THE SETTINGS DIALOG LATER ON miroMOTION AND ADOBE PREMIERE DIGITIZING VIDEO CLIPS EDITING VIDEO CLIPS RECORDING VIDEO ON TAPE FURTHER SETTINGS UNDER ADOBE PREMIERE ADUNA NJ 10 10 11 User s Guide I ii miroMOTION miroMOTION AND FINAL CUT PRO 25 FINAL CUT PRO WITH miroMOTION 25 DIGITIZING VIDEO 27 EDITING VIDEO 28 RECORDING VIDEO ON TAPE 29 TIPS amp TRICKS 30 GENERAL 30 IMAGE QUALITY 31 HARD DISK 31 MISCELLANEOUS 32 DIGITIZATION 34 miroMOTION AND COMPUTER ANIMATION 35 JPEG COMPRESSION ARTEFACTS 35 miroMOTION AND ADOBE PREMIERE 36 TROUBLESHOOTING 38 IN GENERAL 38 PROBLEMS DURING INSTALLATION 39 TECHNICAL DATA 40 GENERAL 40 CONNECTORS 40 APPENDIX A HARDWARE CONFIGURATIONS I DIGITIZING WITH THE miroMOTION I DIGITIZING AND RECORDING WITH THE miroMOTION II APPENDIX B GLOSSARY IV APPENDIX C SUPPORT QUESTIONNAIRE XIV APPENDIX D FCC COMPLIANCE STATEMENT XVII INDEX For your own safety In the interest of your own safety and the flawless functioning of your new product and computer system please note the following Computer components are sensitive to static charge Discharge any electrostatic charge from yourself before touching the components with your hands or any tools using a grounding strap or suitable device Make su
15. DEC Number of bits delivering the color information for each pixel In the black and white operation 1 bit color depth means 2 2 colors 8 bit color depth supply 2 256 colors 24 bit color depth 16 777 216 2 colors A color model is a way to mathematically describe and define colors and the way they relate to each other Each color models has a specific purpose the two most common color models are RGB and YUV Intensity of a color User s Guide V Complementary Color COM Port Composite video Compression Cropping Cut DAT Data rate Data transfer rate DCT Decibel Digital8 Digital video DirectMedia DirectShow DirectX Dissolve Dithering DMA Driver VI miroMOTION Complementary colors are opposite in value to primary colors If you were to combine a color with its compliment the result would be white For example the complimentary colors of red green and blue are cyan magenta and yellow respectively A serial port located on the back of your computer for attaching modem plotter printer or mouse to a system Composite video encodes luminance and chrominance information into one signal VHS and 8mm are formats which record and playback composite video A method for making files smaller in size on disk There are two types of compression lossless and lossy Files compressed with a lossless scheme can be restored to their original state with no change to their original data Lossy schemes discard da
16. G IX K KByte IX Key color IX Key frame rate IX L Laser disk IX Line In 4 Line Out 4 Long shots X LPT X Luminance X MIV X Macintosh documentation 7 Main memory 32 Mark In Mark Out X MByte X MCI X Memory 2 Menu bar clock 33 Microphone 3 10 MJPEG compression 31 Modulation X Motion JPEG X Movie Analysis Tool 37 MPA X MPEG X MPG X MPV X N Noise 31 Non interlaced X NTSC 3 31 37 X O Operating system 2 Option key 17 P PAL 3 37 X Parallel port X PCI bus X PCI slot X Peripherals 4 Port XI Power supply 40 Presets 3 Preview function 30 Processor 40 Project 36 Q QSIF XI Quality 23 Quantization XI QuickTime 34 R RAM XI Raster XI RCA female connector 9 RCA jacks 41 Redundance XI Registry XI Resolution XI RGB XI ROM XI Run Length Encoding XI S Scaling XI SCART connector III Scene XI Screensaver 33 SCSI XI SCSI host adapter XI SCSI terminator XI SCSI ID XI SECAM 3 XII Serial port XII Settings 36 40 SIF XII Signal to noise XII Single frame XII Slot cover 4 Software CODEC XII Source 22 Speakers 3 Still Video XII S VHS XII S Video I XII S Video input 9 System requirements 40 T Tape recorder 10 Time Code XII Transition 35 XII TrueColor XII TV standards 40 Twain driver XII V VCR XII VHS XII Video CD XII Video device 9 Video for Windows XIII Video input 3 10 40 Video output 3 10 30 40 Video scan rate XIII
17. NTSC miroDC30 NTSC 640 x 480 4 MB miroDC30 NTSC 640 x 480 3 MB All settings you need for working with miroMOTION and Adobe Premiere are included in the project presets or are explained here in this manual Please stick to these hints to avoid difficulties when working with Adobe Premiere Movie Analysis The Movie Analysis Tool in Premiere File menu Commands Get Properties for und File shows if frames were lost dropped when a clip was recorded Normally in a PAL recording at 25 fps every frame in the movie should have a duration of 1 25th in NTSC accordingly 1 30th Not every frame that deviates duration means a frame was lost during recording the first and last frames of a movie often deviate considerably in duration and deviant values sometimes occur due to rounding errors e g 9 250th instead of 1 25th If however more than two frames have durations that deviate significantly from the normal duration then frames were dropped and you should reduce the data rate setting User s Guide 37 Troubleshooting IN GENERAL If you encounter trouble while installing and or using the miroMOTION e Refer to this User s Guide e Read the ReadMe file on the CD ROM e Check the cables e Check the settings above all the NTSC or the PAL settings e Download the latest driver from the website under http www pinnaclesys com In case of trouble with Adobe Premiere e Refer to your Adobe Premiere User s Gu
18. Rate to 4000 KB miroMOTION DC30 plus or 3000 KB for miroMOTION DC30 User s Guide 25 Sequence Presets 26 miroMOTION e Click on the Options button e Select NTSC or PAL SECAM e Click on OK e Activate the Option Capture Card Supports Simultaneous Play Through and Capture e Click on the New button and specify a name for the preset Click on the OK button e In the Preset Editor activate the General page e Specify 25 PAL or 29 97 NTSC as Editing Timebase e Select Custom under Aspect Ratio e Under Width Height enter 768 x 576 PAL or 704 576 PAL CCIR 640 480 NTSC or 704 480 NTSC CCIR Under Field Dominance enter Upper e Set Pixel Aspect Ratio to Square e Under QuickTime Settings click on the Video button e As Compressor select miroMOTION JPEG A Set Quality to Best e Set Frames per Second to 25 PAL SECAM or 29 97 NTSC e Limit the Data Rate to 4000 KB miroMOTION DC30 plus or 3000 KB for miroMOTION DC30 e Click on the Options button e Choose PAL SECAM or NTSC e Click on the OK button e Click on the OK button e To close the Preset Editor click on the OK button e Click on the Set Default button to specify the preset as standard template 4 Click OK Click on OK Your preparations are now completed These settings only have to be made the first time miroMOTION is started When you create projects they will all be created on the basis of the settings
19. VISCA XIII W Wav XII White balance XIII Y Y adapter 3 4 41 Y Adapter 10 Y cable 3 Y C XIII Y Adapter II III YUV XII User s Guide P Y
20. af product quicktime in the Internet Installing and configuring the Software INSTALLING THE miroMOTION SOFTWARE The install program installs all the required files on your hard disk The miroMOTION driver files will be copied to the System Folder Extensions Furthermore a miroMOTION folder is created in which the readme file is stored The Adobe project presets are copied to the following directories English Adobe Premiere Settings German Adobe Premiere Einstellungen French Adobe Premiere Param tres If you already have old drivers for the miroMOTION installed then it is not necessary to uninstall these drivers since this is done automatically To install the software proceed as follows 1 Insert the CD ROM Insert the miroMOTION CD ROM The miroMOTION folder will be opened 2 Double click Install miroMOTION Double click Install miroMOTION The installation program will be started in the language of the installed operating system 3 Click on Continue Click on the Continue button 4 Read the latest information Read the latest information on miroMOTION Mm After the software installation has been completed please read the readme file which contains the latest information about changes that occurred after the manual has been printed If you don t want to read the information right now then you should print it out or save it to your desktop so that you can print it out conveniently at a later point i
21. asis of the RGB color model red green and blue By varying how these colors are blended on screen it is possible to create any other color Quarter Standard Image Format LJ MPEG I format describing the resolution which is 176 x 144 under PAL and 176 x 120 under NTSC SIF Part of the JPEG image data compression Relevant details are represented precisely less relevant details for the human eye are represented with less precision Random Access Memory A RAM component is a write read component from which data can be read and to which data can be written The memory of computers is equipped with RAM components RAM components are volatile that is their content will be deleted after the computer has been switched off The area of a video display that is covered by sweeping the electron beam of the display in a series of horizontal lines from upper left to lower right from viewer s perspective Redundant superfluous information can be eliminated during the image compression During decompression the images can be restored completely A database in Windows 98 in which configuration data is stored Among other things the registry contains the Windows 98 system settings the configuration data for Windows 98 compatible applications and user specific configuration data The number of pixels which can be displayed on the monitor horizontally and vertically The higher the resolution the more details can be displayed Abbreviation for Red
22. cial products to implement IEEE 1394 In general IEEE 1394 is A hardware and software standard for transporting data at 100 200 or 400 megabits per second A digital interface allowing a seamless connection between computer and peripherals there is no need to convert digital data into analog A physically small interface Hot pluggable users can add or remove 1394 devices with the bus active An image is a reproduction or picture of something In this case the term is used to describe digitized pictures consisting of pixels which can be shown on a computer display and manipulated by image enhancement software Method to reduce the amount of data of digital image and video files In an insert cut an individual clip is copied into a longer one Interlaced describes the refresh method which the PAL and other TV systems use The PAL TV image consists of two image halves fields of 3121 2 lines each The NTSC TV image consists of two image halves of 2421 2 lines each An arrangement of audio and video to promote smoother playback and synchronization or compression The standard AVI format equally spaces audio and video Abbreviation for Input Output Irrelevant unimportant information can be eliminated during the image data compression since the human eye does not realize that this information is missing Interrupt Request Interrupt in a running process of the computer Interrupts can be requested bot
23. d be recorded You should select a size supported optimally by miroMOTION for PAL SECAM 768 x 576 or 384 x 288 for NTSC 640 x 480 or 320 x 240 To speed up work it is advisable to record all clips belonging to the same project in the same size and also create the final result in this size Constrain Normally here you can fix the aspect ratio width to height to 4 3 which is the standard value for television sets If you selected the CCZR pixel format in the miroMOTION Control disable this option Report dropped frames Starts the Clip Analysis Tool which shows how many frames were dropped during recording upon completion of recording Read also page 37 Movie Analysis It may well be that Adobe Premiere shows dropped frames although the frames in question are there This is the result of a computational error at the beginning or end of the clip Video Settings The Capture and Movie Capture command in the File menu and the Video Input command in the Movie Capture menu enable you to choose the video settings If you have not done so already select Source Video Source input Format Filter Tv LaserDisc gt VOR User s Guide 21 Compression 22 miroMOTION Digitizer Select the video source in this case miroMOTION Input Selects the miroMOTION video input to which the video source connects composite or S Video This setting is permanent If you connect the video source to anothe
24. d disk the clip will not be played back smoothly If the quality is too low then the clip will deliver only a limited image quality It is recommended to use the Pinnacle presets The maximum data rate for miroMOTION DC30 plus is 8000 KB s for miroMOTION DC30 3500 KB s Select Image from the pop up menu Saturation Deren EI Brightness Hmmm Contrast a sharpness cy ing Mack Level i White Level Defaults Here you can specify the color and other image settings Normally you should leave the settings on the Adobe Premiere defaults only then will the video output picture match the input signal User s Guide 23 Source Sample 24 miroMOTION Sound Settings When selecting the Capture Movie capture from the File menu the Movie Capture menu appears Select Sound Input and you can make some sound settings m Device Speaker mn rl Whine Input Da Be QOUUDODOUOOO Level ooo000000000 Under Gain you select the volume for recording If you selected a gain which is too high the sound will be distorted If the gain is too low the volume is too low and the sound distorted If necessary switch nput between Line and Mic When selecting Sample from the pop up menu on the top you can select nothing se m Hate Speaker _ On T a Size B bits 16 bets FA Use ce Mona Stereo IP QOUDUDODOUOOO Levet qoo000000000 miroMOTION and Final Cut Pro Final Cu
25. disk should be twice the desired video data rate The maximum access time in ms of the hard disk on the other hand is less important when it comes to video processing The data rate also depends on the amount of hard disk space that is used User s Guide 31 Several hard disks If there are several hard disks installed in your computer then always use the fastest disk if possible exclusively for recording digital video Preparing the hard disk Repeated creation modification deletion of files causes hard disk fragmentation which degrades playback So before recording videos you should defragment you hard disk using a suitable utility Following postprocessing of all digitized clips you should defragment the hard drive prior to playback in order to ensure maximum playback performance Reserved hard disk If you have reserved a hard disk exclusively for digitizing video clips then you do not need to defragment the hard disk before the next digitization In this case it may be enough to delete those clips already recorded MISCELLANEOUS 32 miroMOTION Main Memory RAM The more main memory you have the more convenient the miroMOTION is to use To efficiently use miroMOTION and Adobe Premiere you need at least 64 MBytes 128 MByte and more are recommended Please make sure to switch off the virtual memory If you want to work with Final Cut Pro 128 MByte are needed Setting the color depth For playback of di
26. e this connector instead of the composite output because a higher quality will be provided User s Guide I Function You can connect a suitable audio source to the combined audio input output using the Y adapter included in the package contents Also use the Y adapter to connect the audio output i e to speakers The miroMOTION digitizes and compresses the input signal video and audio and saves the signal to the hard disk The miroMOTION routes the output signal video and audio to the TV monitor When recording video the video is displayed on the TV monitor DIGITIZING AND RECORDING WITH THE miroMOTION Connections Il miroMOTION To record digitized and edited video sequences in VHS quality the miroMOTION output signal is also routed to the VCR this can be the same VCR BIS AN 14 TAZ ea O e 7 arg ex Ch a 7 Lf miroMOTION DC30 plus Inputs Outputs Audio input of the VCR l Audio output of the video source TV loudspeakers microphone tape recorder CD player DE J vr Camcorder VCR TV tuner VCR GE TV for image preview optional The miroMOTION video input and the miroMOTION output connect to the same VCR The second VCR output connects to a TV monitor If your video source has an S Video output use this connector instead of the composite output because higher qual
27. e partly eliminated Thus we recommend a complete digitizing editing and recording procedure to check the quality with a VCR User s Guide 35 miroMOTION AND ADOBE PREMIERE Gi 36 miroMOTION When combining digitized video clips in Adobe Premiere note the following to achieve optimal results If the system crashes while you work with Premiere please make sure to delete the Adobe Premiere Setting from the Preferences folder in the System folder before you start Premiere for the next time After that you have to make the video capture settings in Adobe Premiere again Settings To facilitate working with Premiere project settings for Premiere projects and miroMOTION which cover the most important miroMOTION operating modes are provided The project presets are located on the hard disk in the following folders Settings English Adobe Premiere Einstellungen German Adobe Premiere Param tres French Adobe Premiere The following project presets are available For PAL miroDC30 PAL 384 x 288 1 MB miroDC30 PAL 384 x 288 1 MB miroDC30 PAL 768 x 576 4 MB miroDC30 PAL 768 x 576 3 MB miroDC30 PAL CCIR 4 MB miroDC30 PAL CCIR 3 MB For NTSC miroDC30 NTSC 320 x 240 1 MB miroDC30 NTSC 320 x 240 1 MB miroDC30 NTSC 640 x 4804 MB miroDC30 NTSC 640 x 480 3 MB miroDC30 NTSC CCIR 4 MB miroDC30 NTSC CCIR 3 MB Pinnacle Systems recommends for PAL miroDC30 PAL 768 x 576 4 MB miroDC30 PAL 768 x 576 3 MB
28. efines the time after which the last frame played is displayed as a non interlaced still frame Immediate Later after 5 seconds Never the image continues to quiver Show All Decompressed Frames All frames played as well as those decompressed for the rendering of the movie are shown This is the default setting for Final Cut Pro It has no significance when using Adobe Premiere Show Compressed Frames All frames played including those compressed for example for crossfades 3D effects etc are displayed This option is deactivated by default to facilitate smooth previewing of the clip Tip activate the Show Compressed Frames option and deactivate the Show All Decompressed Frames option redner your project and you can see the result dircetly on the analog video output Non interlaced progressive describes a full screen display method in which the electron beam scans each line of the screen once during the refresh cycle The non interlaced method results in an image that flickers considerably less than an interlaced one Interlaced describes a display method used in the PAL system among others The television picture consists of two half screens of 312 lines each that are refreshed one after the other User s Guide 17 G amp S miroMOTION and Adobe Premiere After installing miroMOTION you can capture compress and play video clips in the Motion JPEG format using Adobe Premiere To facilitate workin
29. es LA Show Compressed Frames fiche input Vices Sound ingui Line Longue fan D PP PINNACLE See hile STSTE MS Ma The system will automatically detect which version of the board is installed miroMOTION DC30 plus or miroMOTION DC30 These are the bacis settings you have to adjust Language Here you can change the Language You can choose English German and French This may be necessary for example if you have installed an English operating system but want to use a different language when configuring the miroMOTION This automatic detection takes place only after the first reboot after installation of the miroMOTION User s Guide 15 16 miroMOTION Video Output Video Standard Here you can specify the video standard PAL PAL CCIR601 NTSC or NTSC CCIR601 PAL offers a resolution of 768 x 576 pixels PAL CCIR601 means a resolution of 704 x 576 pixels NTSC offers a resolution of 640 x 480 pixels NTSC CCIR601 means a resolution of 704 x 480 pixels It is not possible to convert from one standard to another In other words video that has been digitized and edited in PAL video must be output in PAL this applies analogously for NTSC Show when Idle Here you can specify what the analog output of the video monitor television shows a looped through video signal Video Input or a Test Picture The default setting is Test Picture This is the fastest way to verify whether the television or
30. f Electrical Engineers AIEE and the Institute of Radio Engineers IRE One of the most important functions of the IEEE is the coordination development and publication of standards for electrical and electronic devices and systems Many IEEE standards are adopted by international standards bodies As the major manufacturers of consumer audio video components and personal computers adopt IEEE 1394 it is likely to become one of the most widely implemented IEEE bus standards IEEE 1394 Image Image compression Insert cut Interlaced Interleave VO Irrelevance IRQ ITI JPEG KByte All IEEE standards begin with a Project Authorization Request PAR The PAR for FireWire originally called A High Performance Serial Backplane Bus Interface Standard was approved on September 26 1991 establishing P1394 as the designation for the proposed standard After more than four years of continuous deliberations on the part of the P1394 Working Committee the IEEE Standards Board approved the IEEE 1394 1995 Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus on December 12 1995 IEEE 1394 sometimes referred to as FireWire is an international standard low cost digital interface completed in 1995 by the HH IEEE Sony calls this interface i LINK IEEE 1394 integrates entertainment communication and computing electronics into consumer multimedia Sony s DCR VX700 and DCR VX1000 digital video camcorders were the first commer
31. for National Television Standards Committee also a color TV standard created by this group in 1951 using 525 lines and 60 image fields per second NTSC is used in North and Central America as well as other countries Abbreviation for Phase Alternation Line Color TV standard developed in Germany using 625 lines and 50 image fields per second It is the predominant European TV standard Parallel port PCI bus PCI slot Pixel Port Prime colors QSIF Quantization RAM Raster Redundance Registry Resolution RGB ROM Run Length Encoding Scaling Scene By the parallel port data is transmitted via a 8 bit data line This means that 8 HH bit 1 byte can be transmitted at the same time This kind of transmission is much faster than via a H serial port but it is very sensitive over long distances Parallel ports are indicated with LPT and a number i e LPT1 Peripheral Component Interconnect Local Bus concept by Intel 32 bit bus a PCI bus can transfer 132 MByte per second max at a H clock frequency of 33 MHz L PCI slot There are two kinds of expansion slots on most PCs PCI and ISA PCI slots are usually made of white plastic and are much smaller than ISA slots Abbreviation for picture element Pixels are the smallest elements of a monitor image Electrical transfer point for the adaptation of audio video or control data between two devices L serial port parallel port The colors that are the b
32. ftware application U Any video device with s video or composite connectors can be used The quality is only limited by the source U For video editing you can use Adobe Premiere or Apple FinalCut Pro User s Guide 1 Before you begin SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Gi 2 miroMOTION Please make sure your system meets the requirements before installing miroMOTION IMPORTANT These system requirements apply for the miroMOTION driver Version 2 0 or later If your computer does not meet these system requirements or if you use driver version 1 x please print out the manual in pdf format contained in the Manual folder on the CD ROM and read about the system requirements that apply for that driver version Hardware CPU Power Macintosh G3 or Power Macintosh G4 2 3 G3 beige G3 blue white G4 With sufficiently fast hard disks and controllers the maximum miroMOTION DC30 plus data rate of 8 MByte s can be achieved miroMOTION DC30 3 5 MByte s Memory 64 MB of memory recommended 128 MB If you want to use Final Cut Pro you need at least 128 MB or more Software Operating system System 8 6 or later 9 0 recommended QuickTime 4 0 or later lt Video audio devices Video input miroMOTION connects to any video source generating a composite video or S Video signal in NTSC or PAL SECAM Video output The miroMOTION output connects to any video device accepting a composite video or S Video signal in NTSC o
33. g video it is vital to close the capture window before playing back the movie User s Guide 33 DIGITIZATION Adobe Premiere Finacl Cut Pro 34 miroMOTION Same Size Record all clips that belong to a given project in the same format e g always half resolution both fields PAL Moreover always generate your finished movies in the same format In this way you avoid having Premiere carry out complicated mathematical operations to convert all clips to the same size before creating the final movie Frame Rate For a smooth result video should always be processed at the full frame rate 1 e 25 fps for PAL and SECAM or 30 fps for NTSC If the data rate exceeds the performance of the hard disk then individual frames will be omitted or dropped this results in unsmooth motion The actual NTSC frame rate is 29 97 frames per second In some cases you can only choose 30 frames s When using NTSC set the data rate as is described in the corresponding sections in this manual Printing QuickTime Movies to Video Movies that were not recorded using the miroMOTION or without the compressor parameter miroMOTION JPEG A cannot be printed directly to video QuickTime displays these on the Macintosh monitor With the help of the miroMOTION however you can print to video any QuickTime movie and any animation that you can load in Premiere To do this first create a new project then load the movie and place it in the construction
34. g with miroMOTION an example is given describing how to capture and play back a video clip using Adobe Premiere DIGITIZING VIDEO CLIPS 1 Start Adobe Premiere Start Premiere in the folder Adobe Premiere Choose preset click OK Choose a suitable preset from the Pinnacle Presets and click on OK If more than one hard disk is installed in your computer you should use the fastest hard disk for capturing video Set fast hard disk click OK In the Adobe Premiere File menu click the commands Preferences and Scratch Disks Device Control and set to the fastest hard disk Click on the OK button Activate Movie Capture In the File menu select the commands Capture and Movie Capture If necessary deactivate the option AppleTalk In the menu bar an additional Movie Capture menu appears Switch on recorder and television set Switch on your recorder and television set The input signal should be visible both in the Movie Capture window and on the television set Click on Record In the Movie Capture window click on Record recording will start Click the mouse again to stop recording To playback the recorded sequence you must always close the movie window In this manner record the desired sequences This setting only has to be carried out once 18 miroMOTION EDITING VIDEO CLIPS If you want to edit recorded clips with Adobe Premiere you should consider the following information
35. gitized videos on the computer monitor and for the preview the color depth number of colors displayed should be optimized The miroMOTION optimally transfers the data with a color depth of 16 Bbits which means in thousands of colors For this reason set this color depth using Sound and Displays or Monitors control panel Changing the color depth setting affects only the display on the computer monitor the signal at the video output is always with thousands of colors Closing Programs Applications If you are disappointed with the quality of a video during playback this may be due to other programs applications that are running at the same time For this reason always close or deactivate all unnecessary programs applications e g AppleTalk screensaver menu bar clock network connections menu clock display in the date and time control panel etc Output to video You can only output video clips to analog video which you recorded or compressed using the miroMOTION JPEG A compression If you want to use a graphics card other the onboard VGA then in the interest of trouble free functioning please make certain that it is a QuickTime accelerated board Working with several video windows When using Adobe Premiere please keep in mind that only one window can use the miroMOTION hardware and software at a time If several video clips are open the video is played back only in the active window After you stopped capturin
36. h by the hardware 1 e keyboard mouse and the software Insert amp Track Information Information that is saved on the digital videotape by means of LE insert cuts and tracks Abbreviation for Joint Photographic Experts Group Also refers to a standard for compressing digital frames based on Discrete Cosine Transformation One KByte Kilobyte corresponds to 1024 J Byte The K always stands for the number 1024 User s Guide IX Key color Key frame rate Laser disk Long shots LPT Luminance M1V MByte Mark In Mark Out MCI Modulation Motion JPEG M JPEG MPA MPEG MPG MPV Non interlaced NTSC PAL X miroMOTION A color made transparent so that a background image can show through Most commonly used when overlaying one video sequence on top of another allowing the underlying video to display wherever the key color appears A method to help in the compression of video files which works by assigning certain frames as key frames whose video data is completely saved at the time of compression The video data of any intervening frames between two key frames is then only partially saved On decompression these partial frames reconstruct their data from the key frames e g MPEG Medium which stores analog video Information on laser disks can only be read but not changed Long shots later provide the viewer with an overview and establish the scene of the action However these scenes can als
37. he optimal data rate You need a hard disk with sufficient capacity and speed Capturing video clips at a medium quality results in compressed data of 240 MB per minute We recommend a hard disk operating at a transfer rate of at least 6 MB sec Video output The video output via the Macintosh monitor not via the video outputs of miroMOTION performs a preview function The video is output on the monitor with the current color depth and is not full screen When the video is output via the miroMOTION video outputs to be recorded on a VCR or to be displayed on a TV monitor the complete miroMOTION function range is available Full Screen Full Motion Video in millions of colors To check the color representation always use your TV set due to a difference in gamma values and CRT coatings between a TV and a computer monitor the computer monitor may not show the correct colors QuickTime QuickTime is an operating system extension which allows to play back digital video with your Macintosh computer To be able to use miroMOTION please make sure that Quick Time 4 0 or higher is enabled Recording and playing back sound Sound is recorded and played back via the miroMOTION board or the built in Macintosh audio hardware For more information see the documentation that came with your Macintosh Only when recording and playing back sound via the miroMOTION board sound and video will be fully synchronized IMAGE QUALITY HARD DISK
38. her half are woven in at 60 times per second in a process called interlace scanning First all odd lines lines 1 3 5 etc then all even lines 2 4 6 etc are drawn The images consisting of either odd or even lines are called fields The ways in which a computer stores images or information on a disk Tools that alter data to produce special effects User s Guide VII FireWire Frame Frame rate Frame size Frequency GOP GOP size Hardware CODEC His HiColor Hue Huffman Coding IDE IEEE VIII miroMOTION Apple Computer s trademarked name for the IEEE 1394 serial data protocol A single image in a video or animation sequence If using full NTSC or PAL resolution one frame consists of two interlaced fields Frame rate defines how many frames of a video sequence are played in one second The Frame rate for NTSC video is 30 frames per second The frame rate for PAL video is 25 frames per second The maximum size for displaying image data in a video or animation sequence If an image intended for the sequence is larger than the frame size it must be cropped or scaled to fit A number of periodically recurring processes 1 e sound signals images alternating voltage per unit of time normally per second Hertz In MPEG compression the data stream is divided into different sections first the so called GOPs Group of Pictures each containing several frames One GOP contains three types of frames
39. hite pixels File extension for H bitmap files Also luminance Indicates the brightness of a video One byte corresponds to eight HI bit With one byte exactly one character can be displayed i e letter number The encoding is binary this means in zeros 0 and ones 1 CD ROMs are mass storage media for digital data such as digital video Classifications of information in a data file to isolate a particular aspect of the entire file For example color images use different channels to classify the color components in the image Stereo audio files use channels to identify the sounds intended for the left and right speakers Video files use combinations of the channels used for image and audio files That quality of colors which embraces both hue and saturation White black and grays have no chroma Any media type that goes on the Storyboard or Timeline Can be video images video scenes images or audio files A temporary storage area shared by all Windows programs used to hold data during cut copy and paste operations Any new data you place onto the clipboard immediately replaces the existing data Rate at which individual commands are processed in a processor The higher the clock frequency the quicker the commands are processed GOP Abbreviation for Compressor Decompressor compresses packs and decompresses unpacks image data There are different compression methods software CODECs and hardware CO
40. ide e Read the ReadMe file e Contact Adobe Premiere under the website http www adobe com In case of trouble with Final Cut Pro e Refer to your Final Cut Pro User s Guide e Read the ReadMe file e Contact Apple under the website http www apple com 38 miroMOTION PROBLEMS DURING INSTALLATION Possible error messages The miroMOTION software needs QuickTime Version 4 0 or later If a version of QuickTime earlier than 4 0 is installed then you will have to install the new QuickTime version This is currently found at http www info apple com support pages taf product quicktime in the Internet Files of the miroMOTION software are missing If this error message occurs please reinstall the miroMOTION software There is no miroMOTION hardware installed or the driver was not loaded There is no miroMOTION hardware installed in your computer In addition please check whether your computer satisfies the minimum system requirements This hardware us not supported by this driver A wrong card is installed in your computer The card found is not supported by miroMOTION drivers Driver failed with error xxx The hardware is defective Please contact the Pinnacle support User s Guide 39 Technical data GENERAL Board 32 bit PCI board with bus mastering Processor ZORAN ZR36050 60 Power supply Standby 4 Watt Operation 7 Watt System PowerPC or compatib
41. ity will be provided Function Of course you can also connect two VCRs In this case one VCR supplying the input signal connects to the miroMOTION DC30 input and one VCR which records video connects to the miroMOTION DC30 output The second VCR output can be the VCR s SCART connector For these connections an adapter is required You can connect a suitable audio source to the combined audio input output using the Y adapter included in the package contents Also use the Y adapter to connect the audio input to the audio input of the VCR The miroMOTION digitizes and compresses the input signal video and audio and saves the signal to the hard disk You can edit the video sequences on the computer using suitable software During editing the graphics board outputs a preview which the computer monitor and the TV monitor display The miroMOTION outputs the final video to the VCR which then records the video in VHS quality The VER outputs the recorded video sequence to the TV monitor User s Guide Ill ActiveMovie ADPCM Address Aliasing Anti aliasing Aspect ratio AVI Batch Capture Betacam BIOS IV miroMOTION Appendix B Glossary Multimedia terminology contains computer and video terminology The most important terms are defined in the following Cross references are marked with Software interface by Microsoft for the control of multimedia devices under Windows LJ DirectShow DirectMedia Abb
42. le Mac 233 MHz or higher with a free PCI slot requirements Apple PowerMac G3 G4 recommended At least 64 MByte memory 128 MByte or more recommended For Final Cut Pro at least 128 MByte or more Sufficient hard disk capacity Apple operating system 8 6 or higher 9 0 recommended with QuickTime 4 0 or higher TV standards PAL NTSC SECAM video input only Some miroMOTION versions only support NTSC Colors Internal color representation always YUV 4 2 2 24 bit RGB Settings Brightness contrast saturation sharpness Recording format Data rate Compression CONNECTORS Video inputs video outputs Video inputs 1x S Video output Y C 1 0 Vpp 0 3 Vpp Slot shield 1x Composite video input RCA 1 0 Vpp Video output 1x S Video input Y C 1 0 Vpp 0 3 Vpp Slot shield 1x Composite video output RCA 1 0 Vpp 40 miroMOTION You can select the inputs using the software The video is output on both outputs in parallel but only when using one output the optimal quality is achieved Audio inouts outputs Audio input slot shield Audio output slot shield Audio input audio output Y adapter The Y adapter has an 8 pin Mini DIN connector and four RCA jacks pin ini DIN connector Connector data Sampling rate Resolution Frequency range Signal to noise ratio Impedance Input amplification Max input voltage Impedance Min load impedance Max output voltage RCA jacks MM l Audio Out L
43. llation CD ROM Version Date 5 Which version of QuickTime do you use Version _ User s Guide XV XVI miroMOTION 6 Which software do you use Adobe Premiere Version Final Cut Pro Version ____ Other Manufacturer Version 7 What other drivers aside from extensions of the operating system are in the system extension 8 Does the problem still occur even after you disabled superfluous system extensions Yes No On a separate page please give a detailed description of your problem with regard to installation or use of the miroMOTION Please also tell us with what software and what version of the software the problem occurs Thank you very much for your cooperation in answering the questions Sincerely Your Pinnacle Systems team Appendix D FCC Compliance Statement FOR YOUR OWN SAFETY NOTE Shielded cables should be used for a composite interface This is to ensure continued protection against radio frequency interference FCC WARNING STATEMENT CAUTION NOTE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with
44. mbined audio input output other audio source CD player tape recorder etc to the In connectors of the adapter e Connect the audio input of your video output device or powered speakers to the Out connectors of your adapter For more details on the different connections refer to the Appendix In addition you will find a specification of the Y adapter in the Technical Data on page 41 Installing Adobe Premiere In this chapter you find a detailed description of the installation of Adobe Premiere Adobe Premiere and mroMOTION are a perfect match and offer a complete video editing and effect studio in your PowerMac Install Adobe Premiere from the provided CD ROM Do not install QuickTime as part of the Adobe Premiere installation unless you are sure it is QuickTime version 4 0 or higher How to install QuickTime 4 0 or higher is described on the next page 1 Insert the CD ROM Insert the Adobe Premiere CD in your CD ROM drive 2 Double click the Adobe Premiere icon Double click the Adobe Premiere icon to open the Adobe Premiere window 3 Double click Install Adobe Premiere Double click the Install Adobe Premiere icon to start the installation The installation will be started 4 Click Continue Click on the Continue button to proceed the installation 5 Select country click OK Select your country and click the OK button 6 Click Install Select Easy Install and click on the nstall but
45. miroMOTION DC30 plus miroMOTION DC30 USER S GUIDE FETIS miroMOTION DC30 plus miroMOTION DC30 User s Guide Version 2 0 GB February 2000 41000036 Pinnacle Systems GmbH 2000 All rights reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transferred to other media without explicit written permission from Pinnacle Systems GmbH Braunschweig Germany All other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Pinnacle Systems GmbH manuals are printed on chlorine free paper using environmentally safe ink Pinnacle Systems GmbH has written this manual to the best of its knowledge but does not guarantee that the programs systems will fulfill the desires of the user No warranty is made as to the specifications of features Pinnacle Systems retains the right to make alterations to the content of the manual without the obligation to inform third parties All tenders sales supply and manufacturing contracts from Pinnacle Systems GmbH including consultancy installation and other contractual performance are subject exclusively to the General Sales and Delivery Terms of Pinnacle Systems GmbH Contents OVERVIEW WHAT IS miroMOTION BEFORE YOU BEGIN SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS PACKAGE CONTENTS UICK START N UN IN QUICK INSTALLATION CAPTURING VIDEO EDITING VIDEO OUTPUT VIDEO TO TAPE INSTALLING miroMOTION CONNECTING THE AUDIO VIDEO DEVICES CONNECTING VIDEO DEVICES
46. mputer disconnect the cables Switch off the computer and all peripheral devices Pull out the power cord Disconnect all necessary cables 3 Open case Open the case of your Macintosh computer This procedure may vary depending on the model If your computer is a G3 blue white or a G4 ground yourself in order to discharge any electricity by touching a metal part of the case User s Guide 7 8 miroMOTION Pull out or open up the metal access port cover Pull out or open up the metal access port cover behind the expansion slot you want to use Remove the miroMOTION board from its bag Remove the miroMOTION board from its antistatic bag Align miroMOTION Align the connector end of the miroMOTION board above the slot Insert miroMOTION Insert the miroMOTION board gently but firmly into the slot Do not bend or wiggle the board Do not force the board if you meet resistance pull the board out and try again Replace cover Replace the cover on the Macintosh and tighten the screws on the back panel and connect al necessary cables Now the installation of the miroMOTION board is completed and you can connect the video and audio devices Connecting the Audio Video Devices The following section shows you how to connect your video and audio devices to the miroMOTION board To do so you need suitable cables For detailed sample configurations refer to the Appendix beginning on page I The followi
47. n time The text which appears is the same as the Readme file in the miroMOTION folder User s Guide 13 14 miroMOTION 5 Click on Continue Click on the Continue button 6 Select Easy Install Select the Easy Install option If more than one hard disk is installed in your computer select the hard disk and if desired the folder to which you want to copy the files and click Install If you do not specify a certain folder the miroMOTION folder with the ReadMe file will be created on the hard disk which contains the system folder A note appears telling you that the system has to be restarted after the installation 7 Click Continue Click on the Continue button to close the dialog box 8 If necessary select presets If necessary specify for which miroMOTION board you want to install the presets 9 Click Finish Click on the Finish button to continue the installation 10 Restart the system Click the Restart button in order to restart your system After the restart miroMOTION has been successfully installed CONFIGURING THE miroMOTION SOFTWARE After Reboot the system will be detected automatically A test pattern will appear on the video monitor television Afterwards the Settings dialog box will appear in which you can change the defaults if necessary miroMOTION DC30plus Vides Oui pif Video Standard Steve hen lile ads inpet IE De er lac Parked Frames immedi ate 5 i aw All becar enned ram
48. nd after the conversion faults will be visible when the animation is played back Check field rendering options To make your animations play on a TV perfectly smooth they must be rendered field by field See the documentation of your animation software for details Render directly to Motion JPEG format Most animation software allows to export directly as an AVI meaning you can directly create files that are playable by your miroMOTION product These can then be watched on TV or recorded to tape without further steps To achieve this you must set the export AVI settings in your animation software e g AfterEffects properly Or render to an intermediate format If you want to do further image compositing with your animations it may be a better option to first create the animation in a different format like numbered TGAs with alpha channel do further compositing in Premiere or other apps and export the final result into the Motion JPEG format You must use the correct resolutions and frame rates here as well JPEG COMPRESSION ARTEFACTS When compressing with the JPEG algorithm two Kinds of effects may occur Checkerboard pattern at sharp color transitions and edges bright dark irregular color distribution instead of smooth color shades Thist means that the data rate is too low Increase it and start capture Computer monitors are especially sensitive to JPEG effects When recording video to a VCR these effects ar
49. ndows 95 among others DirectDraw Direct3D to make possible video and game acceleration A transitional effect in which the video is faded from one scene to the next The number of colors is increased for the human eye artificially by the application of color patterns Abbreviation for Direct Memory Access A file containing information needed to operate peripherals The Studio capture driver operates the Studio capture board for example DV DV cassette DV recording format ECP Edit decision list EDL EPP EPROM Fade To From Black Field Field File format Filters Digital videotape format for recording digital audio and video on 4 wide Metal Evaporated tape Mini DV tapes hold up to 60 minutes of content while standard DV tapes can hold up to 270 minutes of content The DV cassette features 500 lines of H resolution component recording signal to noise ratios 54dB better than HJ Betacam three times the chroma bandwidth of LL Hi8 and LL S VHS 1 5MHz the same as Betacam time code 16 bit LA DAT quality audio or four tracks of 12 bit 32kHz separate video and audio insert editing and direct digital input and output based on IEEE 1394 for multiple video stream transfers and editing with no generation loss On DV tapes the video and audio data the additional information index signals time codes etc and the ITI section ITI insert and track information are written to the DV tape as follo
50. needs two terminators The terminators have to be fixed at the outermost ends of the SCSI cables and not in the middle of a bus Abbreviation for Sequential Couleur 4 M moire Color television transmission system used in France and Eastern Europe developed on the basis of the PAL system operating with 625 lines and 50 image halves per second By the parallel port data is transmitted via a 1 bit data line This means that during a transmission of 8 bit 1 byte these bits have to be transmitted one after the other Thus this kind of transmission is much slower than via a LJ parallel port Serial ports are indicated with COM and a number i e COM2 Standard Image Format MPEG I format describing the resolution which is 352 x 288 under PAL and 352 x 240 under NTSC QSIF The ratio of noise to good signal picture information usually expressed in dB A single frame is part of a series or sequence When this series is watched with enough speed a moving picture is be created Compression method to compress digital video sequences which can be played back without special hardware The quality of these sequences depends on the performance of the complete system VHS quality is not achieved Method of creating still images or freeze frames from video Improved version of VHS using S Video and Metal Particle tape to deliver higher luminance resolution resulting in sharper pictures than VHS With S Video Y C signals the brightne
51. ng diagram shows the miroMOTION board and its connectors Side view Combined audio input output Composite video input S Video input Composite video output S Video output Rear view Combined audio input output Composite video input S Video input Composite video output S Video output Inputs The miroMOTION has one composite input and one S Video input enabling parallel connections of two video sources The composite input is an RCA female connector the S Video input is a 4 pin Mini DIN female connector Outputs The miroMOTION also has a composite RCA female connector and an S Video output 4 pin Mini DIN female connector to connect a VCR and or TV or monitor The actual board layout may deviate from the one depicted above User s Guide 9 CONNECTING VIDEO DEVICES Video input s e If you have a video source with S Video output connect it to the miroMOTION s S Video input with a suitable cable e If you have a video source with a composite video output connect it to the miroMOTION s composite video input using a suitable cable Video output s e Connect a VCR and or television set to the S Video output with a suitable cable e Connect a VCR and or television set to the Composite video output with a suitable cable CONNECTING AUDIO DEVICES m 0 10 miroMOTION Connect the audio output of your video source a microphone or any e Connect the supplied Y adapter to the co
52. o be used later to shorten longer scenes When you cut from a close up to a long shot the viewer no longer sees the details and it is thus easier to make a chronological jump Showing a spectator in a semi long shot can also distract briefly from the actual action LJ Parallel port Brightness MPEG file that contains video data only MPA MPG One MByte Megabyte corresponds to 1024 LL KBytes or also 1024 x 1024 bytes In video editing the mark in and mark out times refer to the starting and ending time codes that identify the portions of clips to be included in the project Media Control Interface Developed by Microsoft as a means to play audio and video data It is also used to connect a computer to an external video source such as a VCR or laser disc A method for the transmission of electrical information Video for Windows format for JPEG compressed video sequences specified by Microsoft MPEG file that contains audio data only MIV MPG Abbreviation for Motion Pictures Experts Group Standard for the compression of moving images Compared to M JPEG it offers 75 80 data reduction with the same visual quality MPEG file that contains both video and audio data M1V MPA MPEG file that contains video data only MPA MPG Image refresh method where the complete image is generated without skipping lines A non interlaced image like your computer monitor flickers much less than an interlaced image like your TV Abbreviation
53. r During the installation the Adobe Presets will be copied to the Adobe Premiere Settings English Adobe Premiere Einstellungen German Adobe Premiere or Parametres French Adobe Premiere folder Please make sure that you read the ReadMe file after the configuration to get the latest information Restart Computer M Restart your computer Carry out configuration M The configuration program is started automatically Change the settings if necessary CAPTURING VIDEO W Start Adobe Premiere Start Adobe Premiere in the Adobe Premiere folder Fs Select Preset In the New Project Settings window select miroDC30 PAL 768 x 576 4 MB miroDC30 PAL 768 x 576 3 MB for PAL or SECAM or miroDC30 NTSC 640 x 480 4 MB7 miroDC30 NTSC 640 x 480 3 MB for NTSC A Set Hard Disk Under File Preferences and Scratch Disks Device Control specify the fastest hard disk BE Aa Choose Movie Capture In the File menu select the commands Capture and Movie Capture The Movie Capture window will appear the menu item Movie Capture will appear in the menu bar m Activate video source roll tape if necessary If you have not already turn on the video source camera and roll tape if necessary rs Click Record In the Movie Capture window click on Record Click again to stop recording Record the desired sequences in this manner User s Guide 5 EDITING VIDEO To edit the video sequence that you have just recorded proceed a
54. r PAL Audio input output The miroMOTION package contents include a Y adapter you can use to connect the audio inputs outputs of your audio devices i e microphone CD player or powered speakers to the miroMOTION board Cables To connect video audio devices to the miroMOTION board you need suitable cables Cinch or S Video cables PACKAGE CONTENTS Please make sure your miroMOTION system is complete before you begin the installation The system includes Y cable AN Nuss CD ROM with miroMOTION Adobe Premiere 5 1 or higher software Adobe Premiere Presets with documentation Documentation If any parts are missing please contact your reseller Computer components are sensitive to electrostatic charge To avoid damages caused by electrostatic charge do not take the miroMOTION board out of its antistatic package until you install it Keep the package for future shipment Depending on the delivery scope the package contents may vary from the contents listed in this manual For the serial number of your board refer to the label on the board User s Guide 3 Quick Start The following chapter shall help you to start using your miroMOTION board immediately For more detailed installation instructions please refer to the subsequent chapters in the manual QUICK INSTALLATION Proceed as follows to install the miroMOTION hardware and software
55. r video input you must change this setting Otherwise there will be no video on your monitor Format Selects the video standard of the video source PAL NTSC or SECAM Filter Selects whether video input is from tape VCR or not from tape TV LaserDisc Select Compression from the pop up menu at the top of the dialog box Video Compressor miroMotion IP Depth Quality e Least Les Medium High Bert Frames per second En Key mame every C Fames LA Limit data rate to 4000 KAecond Compressor Here you can select the data format You must select miro MOTION JPEG A The video clip will be recorded in the Motion JPEG format which can only be played back with miroMOTION Image Depth The miroMOTION always records in millions of colors Here you cannot select any additional settings Quality Here you can specify the compression quality Set the quality to Best 100 so that the data rate mentioned below will be achieved Frames per second Here you can specify the rate in frames per second at which a video clip should be recorded 25 PAL SECAM 29 97 NTSC If you change this to a lower value the motion will not be as smooth during playback Limit data rate Here you can specify the data rate at which the video sequence will be recorded If you do not limit the data rate the quality settings will be used instead If the data rate is too high and exceeds the performance of the har
56. re that the video equipment and the Macintosh are switched off when connecting them to the miroMOTION board For changes that have occurred after the manual has been printed refer to the ReadMe files on the supplied CD ROM User s Guide Hi Subheadings Gi iV miroMOTION About this manual This manual explains how to install and use the miroMOTION hardware and software It also contains tips and tricks to make optimal use of miroMOTION In the margins are subheadings to help you quickly find your way through this manual Important text passages are marked with the notepad and this background Numbers mark step by step instructions 1 Restart the computer Bullets mark instructions for optional steps the order of which is not important e Connect the video devices Menus commands options or buttons are written in ifalics Overview miroMOTION DC30 plus enables you to Q Transfer high quality video and audio data into your Macintosh and store it as digital data on the hard disk Q Edit it by doing cuts transitions adding titles music motion or any other video effect U Preview your production on a TV and put it back on tape in full quality U Store your production into a Quick Time movie for distribution on CD network or internet Q Put computer generated animation onto video tape U Input edit output still video images Q Use your video with any Quick Time compatible so
57. reviation for Adaptive Delta Pulse Code Modulation It is a method of storing audio information in a digital format and is the audio encoding and compression method used in CD I and CD ROM production All available saving positions in a computer are numbered addressed By means of these addresses each saving position can be occupied Some addresses are reserved for special hardware components and may not be used any longer If two hardware components are using the same address this is called address conflict An inaccurate display of an image due to the limitations of the output device Typically aliasing appears in the form of jagged edges along curves and angled shapes A method of smoothing out jagged edges in bitmap images This is usually accomplished by shading the edges with similarly colored pixels to the background thus making the transition less apparent Another method of anti aliasing involves using higher resolution output devices The ratio of width to height in an image or graphic Keeping the aspect ratio means any change to one value is immediately reflected in the other This is an automated process which uses an Edit Decision List to locate and re capture specific clips from a videotape usually at a higher data rate than the clip was originally captured A file under DOS in which commands listed one below the other are executed in order from top to bottom Broadcast quality 1 2 inch video cassette format developed b
58. s follows For details on video editing please consult the Adobe Premiere manual ER i Place in Timeline Place the video clips in the Timeline k Edit video sequence in Timeline Edit the clips in the Timeline use crossfades or filters for example OUTPUT VIDEO TO TAPE 6 miroMOTION To record the edited video sequence on video proceed as follows IE w Define Work area Once you have finished editing the movie use the Work area bar to define the work area of your project wl Press lt Enter gt save Press lt Enter gt If you have not yet saved the project or have changed it you will be asked if you want to save the project Specify a file name if necessary and save the project if necessary BE in Record video If the Preview is in keeping with your expectations start you video recorder and press Play or press lt Spacebar gt KV S ET i ER Installing miroMOTION This chapter describes the detailed installation of the miroMOTION board PowerMac computers considerably differ in their design Not all types can be mentioned here For a detailed description on how to install expansion cards in a PowerMac with PCI slots refer to your Mac documentation To install the miroMOTION board in your computer proceed as follows 1 Ground yourself Ground yourself in order to discharge any electricity by touching the metal case of your computer not possible with G3 blue white or G4 2 Switch off the co
59. s only and captures images in 24 bit mode Abbreviation for Videocassette Recorder Abbreviation for Video Home System System commonly used for home VCRs to record and play back images and sound using a 1 2 tape VHS systems use amp composite signals consisting of brightness and color information Video system using a 8 mm tape Video8 recorders generate composite signals CD ROM standard with LK MPEG compressed videos Converts digital information into analog signals Converts analog signals into digital information Video for Windows is a Microsoft Windows system extension which records stores and plays back video sequences from hard disk digital video A protocol used by several devices for controlling external video sources from computers Frequency with which the video signal is scanned onto an image display The higher the video scan rate the higher the image quality and the less noticeable the flicker File format for audio signals generally also the file extension for audio files wav In an electronic camera the amplifiers for the three color channels red green and blue are adapted to each other in a way that white image parts of a scene are played without color cast and thus all colors within the color area of the TV are played correctly Y C is a signal consisting of two components Y Brightness information C Color information Color model of a video signal where Y delivers the brightness information and U and
60. ss luminance or Y and the color chrominance or C information are transferred separately using multiple wires avoiding modulating and demodulating the video and the resulting loss of picture quality The time code identifies the position of a frame in a video sequence with respect to a starting point usually the beginning of the clip Its usual form is Hours Minutes Seconds Frames e g 01 22 13 21 Unlike a tape counter which can be zeroed or reset at any point in a tape time code is an electronic signal written on a videotape and is permanent once it is assigned Transitions divert the viewer s attention from the actual action enabling filmmakers to make chronological jumps for example without the viewer being conscious of them An image that contains enough color to appear true to life For an image this normally means 24 bit color providing up to 16 7 million colors Twain driver VCR VHS Video8 Video CD Video decoder Video encoder Video for Windows VISCA Video scan rate Wav White balance Y C YUV TWAIN defines a standardized software interface for communication between graphics and or capture programs and devices that supply graphical information If the TWAIN driver is installed the capture function of the respective program i e MS Imagine can be used to load images directly from your video source into the graphics program The TWAIN driver supports 32 bit program
61. t Pro lets you generate professional video easily and affordably This section will show you the first steps For detailed information consult the Final Cut pro manual To digitize and edit video with Final Cut Pro and output it to tape again proceed as described in the steps below FINAL CUT PRO WITH miroMOTION The first time you start Final Cut Pro with miroMOTION you will first have to define several presets in order to ensure optimal results 1 Start Final Cut Pro Start Final Cut Pro in the folder Final Cut Pro 2 Select Edit and Preferences Open the Edit menu and select Preferences The Preferences window will appear with the pages General Device Control Capture Sequence Presets and Scratch Disks 3 Define Settings Define the following settings General e Under View External Video Using select Rendered Frames Capture e Select Online Quality from the popup menu e Under Aspect Ratio select Custom e Under Width Height enter 768 x 576 PAL or 704 576 PAL CCIR 640 480 NTSC or 704 480 NTSC CCIR e Under QuickTime Settings click on the Video button and select the Source from the popup menu e As Digitizer specify miroMOTION DC30 DC30plus e Specify the Input video source and the Format video standard e Select Compression from the popup menu e Specify miroMOTION JPEG A as Compressor e Set Quality to Best e Set Frames per Second to 25 PAL SECAM or 29 97 NTSC e Limit the Data
62. ta during compression so the file when reopened is slightly different Choosing the area of an image to be displayed A cut is the switch from one camera angle to another Digital Audio Tape A format for storing music on magnetic tape developed in the mid 1980s by Sony and Philips Data per second i e amount of data which a mass storage medium hard disk or CD ROM saves plays back per second or the amount of data of a video sequence per second The measurement of the speed at which information passes between storage mediums ex CD ROM or Hard Disk and the display device ex Monitor or MCI device Depending on the devices used some transfer rates may offer better performance than others Abbreviation for Discreet Cosine Transformation Part of the JPEG image data compression The brightness and color information is saved as frequency coefficient A unit of sound measurement that expresses the loudness of sound Digital videotape format which records DV coded audio and video data on Hi8 tapes Currently sold only by Sony Digital8 camcorders VCRs can play Hi8 and 8mm cassettes Digital video stores information bit by bit in a file in contrast to analog storage media System extension by Microsoft for multimedia application under Windows ActiveMovie System extension by Microsoft for multimedia applications under Windows ActiveMovie Direct X Extensions is a bundle of several system extensions developed by Microsoft for Wi
63. that you have defined For details on creating changing and deleting Presets consult the Final Cut Pro user manual DIGITIZING VIDEO 1 Start Final Cut Pro If you haven t already done so start Final Cut Pro in the folder Final Cut Pro 2 Select File and New Project To create a new project open the File menu and select the command New Project The new project will be opened on the basis of the preset that is defined as the standard preset A project consists of multiple sequences The Browser window appears with the new sequence to which you can assign a name 3 Select File and Log and Capture Open the File menu and select the command Log and Capture in order to open the Log and Capture window Here on the Clip Settings page you can adjust the saturation brightness contrast and in NTSC also the Hue AD Cle Setting OPEN p 1 jji ee m ge m d Est Bea reg Capture dev eee mul Formal thi Caz The Gain slider controls the audio level 4 Specify Capture and Audio format Specify the type of capture and the audio format in which the video clip should be digitized User s Guide 27 EDITING VIDEO 28 miroMOTION 5 Specify Folder On the Logging page you can specify where the video clip should be written to Start Capture To start the capture click under Capture on the Now button To end the capture press lt Esc gt Capture additional
64. the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Shielded interface cable must be used in order to comply with the emission limits LABEL WARNING This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation miro Computer Products AG miroMOTION DC30 plus miroMOTION DC30 Tested To Comply With FCC Standards FOR HOME OR OFFICE USE User s Guide XVII KONFORMIT TSERKL RUNG DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Ger teart Video Board Type
65. ton 7 Accept Licence agreement Accept the licence agreement to proceed the installation 8 Click Continue A message will appear telling you that you have to start Adobe Premiere after you installed it Click the Continue button 9 Follow the instructions Follow the instructions of the installation program If you ever need to reinstall Adobe Premiere please remember to run the miroMOTION installation again selecting at a minimum the Presets and Plugins miroMOTION will not work correctly if these components are missing User s Guide 11 12 miroMOTION Adobe Premiere In order to work as efficiently as possible in Adobe Premiere Pinnacle Systems recommend Adobe Premiere Version 5 1c At present an update is available at http www adobe com support downloads prmac htm in the Internet Adobe Photoshop The Adobe Premiere CD includes a version of Adobe Photoshop which if you want must be installed separately QuickTime 4 0 Since Quick Time Version 4 0 or higher is required in order to use the miroMOTION with Adobe Premiere please make certain that this version is installed on your computer To find out the version number first open the System folder then the Extensions and click on QuickTime The version number is displayed when clicking lt gt and lt I gt If a wrong version is installed you will have to reinstall Quick Time This is presently found at http www info apple com support pages t
66. window and press lt Enter gt with the compressor set to miroMOTION JPEG A and the output option QuickTime movie to create a version of the movie that can be printed to video You should use one of the miroMOTION Presets for this With the help of the miroMOTION however you can print to video any QuickTime movie and any animation that you can load in Final Cut Pro To do this first create a new project then load the movie and place it in the Canvas window Once you have finished editing the movie and are satisfied with the results press the keyboard shortcut lt gt lt M gt If necessary change the settings in the Print to Video window Click on the OK button Start the VCR and click on OK Output without the miroMOTION Movies that have been recorded or compressed in MJPEG format using the miroMOTION can be played back only with the help of the miroMOTION board in real time On Macintosh computers with QuickTime where no miroMOTION board has been installed the movies will be played back at low frame rates miroMOTION AND COMPUTER ANIMATION If you are editing computer animation with the miroMOTION or wish to link them to a digital video please note the following important information Match frame sizes Create your animation using the same frame size and image refresh rate as your original video e g 640 x 480 if you work with NTSC at that format Failure to do this will result in unnecessarily long format conversions a
67. ws 10 tracks 1 full image NTSC 12 tracks 1 full image PAL Additional information Video data Audio data ITI section Recording format of a DV tape Abbreviation for Enhanced Compatible Port Enables an accelerated bi directional data transfer via the H parallel port a slight data compression may arise EL EPP A list of clips and effects in a particular order that will be recorded onto your output tape or AVI file Studio allows you to create and edit your own edit decision list by adding deleting and reordering clips and effects in the Storyboard or Timeline view of the Movie window Abbreviation for Enhanced Compatible Port Enables an accelerated bi directional data transfer via the parallel port LA ECP Abbreviation for Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory Memory chip that after programming saves it s data without power supply The memory contents may be erased with ultraviolet light and can be re written A digital effect that fades up from black at the beginning the clip or down to black at the end of the clip A frame of video consists of horizontal lines and is divided into two fields All odd lines of a video frame are Field 1 All even numbered lines are Field 2 All common TV systems NTSC PAL SECAM use the following trick to avoid image flicker Instead of creating a complete frame 30 or 25 for PAL times per second half the lines are displayed at 60 50 times a second and then the ot
68. y Sony This system has continued to be developed over the years to offer models for the industrial and professional markets Basic Input Output System Basic In and Output commands saved in a ROM PROM or EPROM The essential task of the BIOS is the control of Input and Output When the system has been started the ROM BIOS carries out some tests Parallel port IRQ VO Bit Bitmap Blacking Black and white BMP Brightness Byte CD ROM Channel Chroma Clip Clipboard Clock frequency Closed GOP CODEC Color depth Color model Color saturation Binary Digit The smallest element of a computer s memory Among other things bits are used to record the color values of pixels in an image The more bits used for each pixel the greater the number of available colors For example 1 bit each pixel is either black or white 4 bit each pixel can be any one of 16 colors or gray shades 8 bit each pixel can be any one of 256 colors or gray shades 16 bit each pixel can be any one of 65 536 colors 24 bit each pixel can be any one of 16 7 million colors An image format made up of a collection of dots or pixels arranged in rows The process of preparing a videotape for insert editing by recording video black and continuous control track on the entire tape If the recording deck supports time code then continuous time code will be recorded simultaneously An image that contains only black and w

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