Brochure Boonton PIM 21 Tester
Contents
1. m low Pim 3m 10 ft WARR1 Warranty extension one additional year CARE1 One additional calibration and one additional year of warranty extension Model Dependent m Wireless Telecom Group Boonton Microlab Noisecom Willtek Frequencies The measurement frequencies f1 and f2 are customized and have to be specified by the customer on the purchase order Due to the pim test receiver selectivity f1 and f2 should be at least 10 MHz preferably more than 20 MHz apart Please call or email for assistance in selecting the optimal test frequencies for your PIM 21 test system Standard Types Type F1 F2 IM3 GK AO1 869 891 5 846 5 GK A02 1945 1989 7 1900 3 GK A04 947 6 960 935 2 GK A05 935 960 910 GK A06 1940 1980 1900 GK A07 2125 2140 2110 GK A08 1855 1930 1780 GK A09 835 875 795 Wireless Telecom Group Inc 25 Eastmans Rd Parsippany NJ 07054 Sales Offices Parsippany NJ United States Tel 1 973 386 9696 Fax 1 973 386 9191 www boonton com Cheadle Hulme Cheshire United Kingdom Tel 44 0 161 486 3353 Fax 44 0 161 486 3354 Roissy France Tel 33 0 1 72 02 30 30 Fax 33 0 1 49 38 01 06 Ismaning Germany Tel 49 0 89 996 410 Fax 49 0 89 996 41 440 Singapore Tel 65 6827 9670 Fax 65 6827 9601 Shanghai China Tel 86 21 5835 5718 Fax 86 21 5835 5238 Copyright 2009 All rights reserved B P m20 1009 EN Note Specifications terms and conditions are subject to c2. Boonton Pim 21 Portable Passive Intermodulation Test Set BZ eB et eB Ca Dp M M et Taking performance to a new peak Pim 21 Portable Passive Intermodulation Test Set The Pim 21 is a microprocessor controlled portable test set allowing detection of distortion components and assemblies in radio base station in building DAS installations and other systems transmitting radio frequencies Non linearity in radio frequency assemblies causes Intermodu lation Distortion IM The purpose of the PIM 21 test set is to specifically test for this distortion in passive signal paths known as Passive Intermodulation Distortion or PIM Compo nents in coaxial feeder assemblies such as connectors jumper cables splitters hybrids filters DC blocks and antennas can cause PIM problems if they are not manufactured or assembled properly Depending on the application Pim can be measured in differ ent ways In manufacturing and in lab environments analyz ers which perform narrow frequency band sweeps are often used These systems are costly heavy and very bulky Pim test systems for field technicians and engineers have to be accurate but also cost efficient portable and battery operated By using two defined test frequencies PIM 21 provides an excellent field proven combination of performance price and portability The Pim 21 is designed specifically to aid communications tech nicians in the field locate components and
3. aptor 48400700A Power Supply 56810400A Power Cord Type N m N m 4m 13 ft 7A6 m N f 90 264 VAC 12 VDC 4 Amp 2m 6 ft 56811400A DC Charging Cable 70047300A Accessories Pouch 95951301A Cable 6 ft 95951201A RS232 to USB for Car Accessory Socket Converter 95950101A Low Pim Cable Load 95950301A Connector Adaptor 95950501A Connector Adaptor 95950401A Connector Adaptor 5 W N f connector 7A6 f 7 6 f N f N f Ae f N m 95951401A Connector Adaptor 7 6 DIN F to N F Recommended optional accessories 95950701A ZB B11 Test Cable 95951001A Torque Wrench 7 A6 m 7A6 m 3m 10 ft 18 ft lbs Ordering Information PiM 21 Passive Intermodulation Pim Test System Two CW carrier frequencies between 800 MHz and 2200 MHz to be specified with PO Pim measurement range 80 to 150dBc typ 155dBc carrier power 20 to 33 dBm LCD Display battery 17 6lbs 8 kg Enclosure IP55 IP40 closed open includes power supply 90 240VAC specify connector type w PO Test Cable N N 4m 13ft Adapter 7 6 to N 12V Car adapter accessories pouch user manual quick start guide 01 Low Pim cable Load 5 W N f 02 Low Pim cable Load 40 W with 7he f plus N f connectors at either end of the load 03 Adaptor 7 6 f Ae f low Pim 04 Adaptor 7 6 f N m low Pim 05 Adaptor N f N f low Pim 06 Low power Pim source 7 6 m 07 Test cable 7 6 m Ac
4. assemblies which are creating Pim and degrading the performance of the installation Features e Adjustable level of customer specific test frequencies to match power to application e Pim Sensitivity of 153 dBc 850 MHz typ 155 dBc Self calibrating e Rugged weather proof case IP55 closed lid e Very simple to operate e Small very portable e Battery operated e Communications port allows for documenting and storage of test results on an external PC Benefits of Pim testing in the field e Detects nonlinear passive system components quickly thus reducing network maintenance costs e Increased network quality e Increased channel efficiency resulting in optimized investment effectiveness Applications with Pim 21 e Identify outdoor base station antennas and feeds or in building DAS with poor or marginal PIM e Identify broadband interference that affects antenna perfor mance e Antenna test without overloading using adjustable power level control e Helps technicians to locate discontinuities in coaxial assemblies e Optimize position of indoor antennas to avoid interference caused by RF effects of ceiling grids rusty rebar in concrete and even rusty bolts in building structure Field Proven Features of Pim 21 The Pim 21 test system is a field unit designed for portability This instrument allows field personnel to pinpoint the cause of PIM distortion quickly and easily PIM ALARM TORE TORE
5. encies used by the Pim 21 will find faulty system components independent of the operating band Excep tions to this are selective components e g filters The Pim 21 uses a dual frequency measurement method that provides meaningful PIM readings for all components used in frequency bands between 800 and 2200 MHz Specifications PIM Test Test Frequencies Carrier Power Cellular PCS Power Accuracy Pim Measurements Range Accuracy VSWR 2 frequency test Display RF Calibration Internal Checks Level Alarms External Power Battery Power Weight Dimensions Enclosure Operating Temp Storage Temp Manufactured to customer specific frequencies Single port reflection measurement 2 custom frequencies 20 to 33 dBm in 1dB steps 33 dBm 1 dB carrier 80 to 153 dBc 850 MHz typical 155 dBc 2 dB to 153 dBc 850 MHz 3 dB to 155 dBc 850 MHz O 15 dB Return Loss 3 dB LCD screen and LED bar Automatic with RF Power On All rails checked on power up Selectable VSWR and PIM in both audible and external jack DC 10 16 V 3 5 Amps max Cellular typically 30 minutes PCS 20 minutes 17 6 Ibs 8 kg nominal 13 5 x 12 9 x 6 0 inches 343 x 327x152 mm Waterproof IP55 stored lid closed IP40 operating lid open 0 45 C 32 113 F 85 RH non condensing 10 60 C 14 140 F 85 RH non condensing Standard accessory kit 57500100A Test Cable 48000100A Connector Ad
6. hange without prior notice
7. of ferromagnetic materials such as nickel or steel within the current path Especially at higher power levels PIM can be generated due to hysteresis effect of these materials and the non linear voltage to current ratio e Contaminations like particles from machining operations or soldering splatters that touch current carrying surfaces e Separation of current carrying contact zones through irregular contact surfaces corrosion and insufficient contact pressure e Dissimilar metals at contact areas e Insufficient thickness of plated metal causing RF heating through the skin effect of RF e Bad solder joints Mechanical e Poor mechanical alignment of components e Too much or too little torque at connections e Contaminated connectors Environment e Daily temperature variations thermal loading by the sun and RF heating vary junctions and can cause often intermittent Pim distortions e Wind induced vibrations vary junctions and can weaken or break down joints e Airborne dirt and moisture cause oxidation of materials and Cause PIM distortion Antenna showing oxidation within the power divider Tests with vec tor analyzer line sweep test did not reveal the problem Pim 21 test system could however clearly detect the issue and pinpoint the faulty component How to test PIM Pim testing for field applications requires the injection of two CW signals f1 and f2 into a system under test Intermodula tion products IM
8. of the 3rd 5th 7th order caused by faulty components appear immediately The strongest intermodula tion product is that of the 3rd order IM3 which is measured Frequencies for these intermodulation products are calculated as follows fina 2 X f f fiiia 2 X f 7 f The picture below shows an example of passive intermodula tion Frequencies f1 869 MHz and f2 894 MHz are located in the Tx range causing intermodulation f 844 MHz and M31 Figo 919 MHz Both IM products can cause serious interfer ence Rx Band uy Tx Band ai Interference Pa Interference Tusi t h Ta 824 844 849 869 894 919 Frequency MHz Example of intermodulation caused by two CW signals Since the chan nel bandwidth of RF transmitters occupies usually a frequency range resulting IM appears in a range of frequencies Ideally f1 and f2 should be at the edge of the transmit guard bands so that the IM3 products f fall at the edge of the receive guard band s This would minimize interference within IM3 the system under test and also eliminates potential interfer ence to other wireless carriers One system for PIM measurement at all frequencies For field applications passive intermodulation can be consid ered frequency independent Pim 21 test systems are designed for everyday use in the field For this purpose the test fre quency is considered of little relevance in getting meaningful PIM readings Frequ
9. ut LEVEL Hin Pax Read Pim and ambient RF Noise in 3 ways e Numerically on the LcD in dBc e LcD Bar graph e Quick view LED bar graph which indicates Green for Pim lt 140 dBc and Red for Pim gt 140 dBc Alarms A PIM Threshold Alarm is triggered whenever the PIM level exceeds 140 dBc default Pim ALARM LED and switching contact Audio Frequency Indicator The frequency varies in pitch depending on the measured PIM level Rising pitch indicates higher Pim The volume of the frequency is adjustable Pim 21 allows the audio signal to be connected to external devices such as walkie talkies What is Pim Pim distortion is caused by non linear mixing of two or more frequencies in passive devices like cables and connectors Ideal passive devices are considered linear PIM signals are unwanted because they interfere with signals in the receive path In real ity any linear component has a non linear factor that can cause PIM distortion For optimal operation of RF systems Pim has to be kept at a very low level that has virtually no influence on the network operation What Causes Pim Passive intermodulation can be caused by a variety of fac tors Pim distortion is often the result of flaws in component design and manufacturing processes Pim distortion may also be caused by wear and tear on components due to mechanical constraints or environmental conditions Manufacturing amp Design e Use
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