User Manual
Contents
1. User Manual LineSpotter 626 000 553 Supplier Nieaf Smitt B V Vrieslantlaan 6 NIEAF Postbus 7023 3502 Utrecht INSTRUMENTS 289 88 16 Nieaf Smitt activit http www nieaf smitt n Specification of the Manual Date 18 03 2003 versie 001 Number 561144122 1 IN ROG E 4 1 1 GENERAL 5 E RT m 4 1 2 APPLIED STANDARDS 4 LWA NINGS e E E EE 4 1 4 ZILEPII 5 1 5 TRANSMITTER SRM 5 6 2 OPERATION PRINCIPLE 8 2 T FUNDAMENFALS 8 2 2 TRACING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD OF LINES eorr oorr rear roa a 10 2 3 TRACING THE ELECTRICAL FIELD OF LINES errore roe naar naar naar uaa uuu auarus 13 3 TYPICAL APPLICATIO NS rere rrr rrr rrr rrr 15 3 0 DETECTING ENERGIZED STATE OF INSTALLATION eer naar aerae aua a raa aua a raa 15 3 1 TRACING CABLES IN WALLS CEILINGS FLOOR AND GROUND AND DEFECTED FUSES 16 3 2 DETERMINING CABLE FAULTS eere rore r naar naa aua aaa RR aa a NER 12. CAPacitive sensor is applicable for tracing Two conductors major part of electric field is and tiny distance concentrated in a gap between conductors rest of the field depends on distance between conductors CAPacitive sensor is applicable for tracing up to a few cm distance Note for shielded conductor ifsource is connected between inner conductor and shield no field can be detected NIEAPN 9 Versie 001 NENT 2 2 Tracing the electromagnetic field of lines a Energized lines the transmitter in LOAD mode Hints When the transmitter is connected to energized lines the loop is determined with the mains transformer Tracing this way will give the best results and selectivity because of high values of the injected current The tracing principle allows accurate tracing even on longer distances LINES energized MAINS SUPPLY switched in inductive mode Transmitter T10K is automatically in laad mode Fig 3 Transmitter as active load Detection possibilities for traced object Upto40cm one wall socket connection conductors Wide conductor Up to 2 m connection between L in one wall socket and N in the other with separated conduits Note proper connection is indicated with LED LOAD on transmitter LED lights when voltage is NIEAPN 10 Versie 001 NENT Hints continued The position of the Receiver must be considered see the figures below Also wire direc
3. conductive loop can be traced afterwards NENT 19 Versie 001 4 TEHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS 4 1 Transmitter Batteries 4 x AA size 1 5 V Low battery indicator Built in Operating temperature 0 C 40 C otorage tem perature 30 C 60 Weight 2809 Housing ABS plastics Dimensions 80 mm x50 mm x150 mm Automatic switching between generator and load mode according to input voltage Transmitter in Generator Mode DC AC voltage lt 30 Vor no voltage present on line Operating frequency 10 6 KHzmodulated with 4 Hz Ma xim um open circuit voltage 6 Vr m s Ma xim um short circuit current 20 mAr m s Transmitter in Load Mode Mains supply voltage necessary for transmitting 30 V 264 V acc Frequency of supply voltage 45 Hz 65 Hz Operating frequency 10 6 KHzmodulated with 4 Hz Ma ximum average injected current 1 Ar m s 4 2 Receiver Battery 1 x6LR61 size 9 V Low battery indicator Built in Operating tem perature 0 C 40 C Storage temperature 30 C 60 Weight 140g Housing ABS plastics Dimensions 45mm x45 mm x210 mm Built in mechanical switch to select between capacitive and inductive mode sensor Built in capacitive sensor for electric field tracing and inductive sensor for magnetic field tracing Selectivity Input band pass filter 10 6 KHz Indicators Audio piezoelectric speaker 70 dB Visual 10 level LED bargraph style i
4. Fo g gi Kul ul yl ur yr lh uf uf lh P uf uf uf F Fig 9 Tracing the electrical field of a line Detection possibilities for the traced object 30 cm ____________________ Whenever the traced line or a part of the traced line is accessible it is recommended to use the appropriate Test Tip connected to the Receiver see the figure below The signal selectivity will be improved by using the test tip This allows applications like determining fuses individual wires in a tuft of wires etc In that case LOW sensitivity key for lowest signal gain is recommended LINES Non energized DC powered 15 automatically in generator mode fi S Fig 10 Tracing the conductor using Test tip NIEAPN 14 Versie 001 NENT 3 TYPICAL APPLICA TIONS 3 0 Detecting energized state of installation OFF U Recerver switched in Capacitive mode Transmitter is automatically in generator mode Fig 11 Transmitter acts as energized state detector The transmitter automatically recognizes the energized state of the line connected to As mentioned in paragraph 1 5 the LED indicators i e LOAD and GEN show internal working condition The following table contains the two possible states External voltage on terminals LED activated 30 V 264 V a c 50 Hz or 60 Hz LOAD
5. GEN d c or out of a c limits NIEAPN 15 Versie 001 NENT 3 1 Tracing Cables in Walls Ceilings Floor and Ground and Defected Fuses Tracing of Hidden Wires on Non energized Systems Recever switched in Capacitive mode Transmitter 10 is automatically in generator mode Fig 12 Tracing cable or determination of the belonging fuse on non energized installation The receiver detects the electrical field caused by the voltage generation of the transmitter Tracing Cables in Walls Ceilings Floor and Ground on Energized Systems Receiver switched in inductive mode Transmitter IS automatically load mode Fig 13 Tracing cable or determination of the belonging fuse on energized installation The receiver detects the electromagnetic field caused by load current of the transmitter Note The tracing distance can be increased if the transmitter is connected to N of one wall socket and L of another wall socket 16 Versie 001 NENT 3 2 Determining Cable Faults Locating cable interruptions fee Interrup Receiver switched in capacitive mode Transmitter is automatically in generator mode Fig 14 Determination of interruption location electrical field caused by transmitter dis appears behind the interruption Locating earth fault aiat a OF F short cout 99 9 Transmitter T10K is automaticall
6. fuses etc In this way the user gains the necessary skill for performing the measurements 1 5 Transmitter The transmitter generates signal which is connected to a traced object The state of an external voltage present at the output terminals selects one of the two modes of generating the test signal External voltage on terminals Test signal generating mode 30 V 264 V a c 50 Hz or 60 Hz Active load d c or out of a c limits Internal source 2 Versie 001 NENT Generator Output 2 safety LED indicator banana outputs Load LED indicator Low Bat LED indicator On Off switch Fig 1 Transmitter In both modes 10 6 kHz signal bursts are injected directly into the connected line or coupled via an optional current clamp Led indicators on the transmitter have the following meaning All off The transmitter is switched off The battery is empty and has to be replaced with a new one see chapter 5 1 LOAD The transmitter generates signal as the active load GEN The internal source is activated The transmitter is supplied by 4 alkaline AA size IEC LR 6 battery cells 1 6 Receiver The highly sensitive hand held Receiver detects the injected signal around the traced line It generates sound and visual output relative to the signal intensity Its constructional designed points with its head detector to the maximum of detected signal and the center of traced object The slide sw
7. precautions in order to avoid risk of electric shock while dealing with electric installations Use only standard or optional test accessories supplied by your distributor for this line tracing system Never make tracing loops from Line to ground or other accessible conductive parts hazardous live symbol on the instrument means Read the User Manual with special care Disconnect all test leads and switch the power off before opening the Battery cover NIEAPN 4 Versie 001 NENT Never touch metal tip of test probes or put fingers over protection barrier See the figure below Barrier Correct and safety Wrong and Hazardous live 1 4 Fields of Use The primary fields of use are electrical installations but the LineSpotter can be also a useful tool in telecommunications computer network installations and elsewhere The main activities that can be carried out Tracing cables in walls ceilings floor and ground Tracing live or voltage free cables Locating cable interruptions and short circuits in cables Locating concealed sockets and distribution boxes Locating fuses and assignment to circuits Determining an individual wire in a bundle of wires Detecting the energized state of traced installation Tracing pipe installations and other conductive loops Note when using the LineSpotter for the first time itis recommended to apply it on known object e g a known cable location in the wall known
8. probe Test tip 2pcs Alligator clip 2pcs om all soft carrying bag 6 2 Optional accessories Current clamp 1000 1 A d 52 1019 Testlead 1 5 m with built in resistor for 1067 Connection cable for clamp A 1068 Current clamp 200 0 2 15 1069 NIEAF NENT Versie O01
9. tracing mode selection depends on the object its structure energized state and many other reasons Understanding the electric and magnetic field characteristics leads to selecting the most applicable method For most of the applications good sensitivity is required especially when the searched conductor is located far away Contrary to this the minimum sensitivity is required for selection of a searched conductor in a group of similar conductors The sensitivity will be in between for finding appropriate protective device fuse or conductors in the proximity The basis for all tracing of this kind is that the traced object is electrically conductive Current loops and electromagnetic field Magnetic field is always present around current carrying conductors Basic circuit Free conductor magnetic field H is distributed around conductor current 1 is limited to internal source capability INDuctive sensor is applicable for tracing Metallic loops I current is transformed with a clamp transformer CT n times to n l always the shortest path e g 1 carry maximum current and is traceable INDuctive sensor is applicable for tracing Single wall active load source ALS generates Socket current connection major part of magnetic field H is concentrated in a gap between conductors rest of the field depends on wire distance INDuctive sensor is applicable for tracing up to a few cm distance Two wall sockets active load source ALS gen
10. 7 3 3 DETERMINING INDIVIDUAL WIRES FUSES eorr eene 18 4 TEHNICAL CHARACTERIST ICS 20 I LI IEEE SNR 20 7 2 HECEIVEEL Ae ee ee eee eae 20 5 21 5 1 BATTERY REPLACEMENT FOR 8 21 5 2 BATTERY REPLACEMENT FOR 21 Oo S Cee mo ee ae me 21 He eee 21 6 ORDERING 22 BE BEST E 1B zi Be zm 22 6 2 OPTIONAL 22 NIEAPN 3 Versie 001 NENT 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 General Description The LineSpotter is universal equipment intended for tracing hidden conductive paths under plasters in walls floors and ground or for determining one wire in a tuft of wires Fuses or outlets belonging to a certain loop can be located The LineSpotter helps the operator to resolve hidd
11. ES Mon energized or DC powered Receiver switched inductive mode Transmitter IS automatically in generator mode Fig 7 Injection of test current into tested loop Detection possibilities for traced object Pair of conductors Upto5bom NIEAPN 12 Versie 001 NENT Hints continued When tracing conductive loops like pipe installation it is often not possible to disconnect them from each other taps radiators etc In such situations it is possible to inject the test signal into the loop by using a current clamp CONDUCTIVE LOOP wires pipes etc Receiver switched in inductive mode Transmitter is automatically in generator mode Fig 8 Injection of test current into closed tested loop by means of current clamp Detection possibilities for traced object Tracing object_ Distance up to 2 3 Tracing the electrical field of lines Hints The traced line should be insulated from ground to receive a strong and selective signal Switches and loads must be switched off switch off the main transformers grounding capacitors etc to prevent attenuation of the injected signal If the traced line has ground connection then the current flows and it is possible to trace in inductive mode of the receiver NIEAPN 13 Versie 001 NENT LINES Maon energizad DC powered ECL Z pal at Transmitter Haw ver 5 mioma hy Savile n i generator mode capacitwe mode
12. en line problems easily short circuit interruption It consists of a transmitting unit transmitter a receiving unit receiver and accessones The transmitter injects emitted signal into the observed installation and this signal is then traced with the receiver Units are independent of each other Accessories such as a test lead for direct touching of the traced conductor a voltage output current clamp and a selective probe make the LineSpotter even more useful The instrument is supplied with all the accessories necessary for carrying out the tests It is Stored in asoft carrying bag together with the accessories Most of the electronic parts of the instrument are produced in SMD technology therefore almost no service interventions are needed 1 2 Applied Standards Safety EN IEC 61010 1 instrument EN IEC 61010 2 31 accessories EMC EN IEC 61326 1 3 Warnings In order to reach the highest level of operators safety while carrying out various tests using the LineSpotter as well as to ensure the test equipment to remain undamaged it is necessary to consider the following general wamings the test equipment is used in a manner not specified in this User Manual the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired Donot use the instrument and accessories if any damage is noticed Only a competent and authorized person should carry out any service intervention Consider all generally known
13. erates with different current conduits to the magnetic field is distributed around point of common each of current carrying conductors coupling INDuctive sensor is applicable for tracing NIEAPN Versie 001 NENT Notes Inductive sensor contains a winding The best sensitivity is always achieved when the winding axis is parallel to the magnetic field around the searched object Always try to find the best signal by rotating the sensor around its axis The traced object with good conductivity has very low voltage drop and weak electrical field in parallel with it source in active load mode is connected to the energized line with significant internal impedance then voltage variations of loading are also sources of electrical field around line The detectability of the electrical field is mentioned below Electric field Electric field is always present between two conductors or points of different potential In most cases the potential is between a conductor and ground or between two neighbor conductors Exam ple Basic circuit Description Free conductor electrical field is distributed around conductor maxim um magnitude of electric field between conductor and closest conductive ground CAPacitive sensor is applicable for tracing Two conductors electrical field is distributed around f and wide j each conductor distance U maximum magnitude of electric field between conductors
14. itch of head detector enables the selection between two built in sensors Detector Sensorselector Recommendations Inductive Slide switch IND traced objectis normally energized transmitter acts as active load loading current generates magnetic field around conductor Capacitive Slide switch CAP traced object is normally voltage free transmitter has its internal source activated object acts as electrical field radiator External Rear connector for additional accessories like current clamp electric probe tip and selective sensor keep maximum distance to traced object in order to avoid interference of received sianals throuah sensor head NIEAPN Versie 001 NENT Low battery indicator ON GAIN keys Sound opening Sensitive area INDuctive CAPacitive switch LED bargraph Potentiometer Input connector Power ON for fine adjustment probe current clamp LED indicator Fig 2 Receiver You can choose between three sensitivities low middle and high An extra potentiometer is added for fine sensitivity adjustment A buzzer sound and 10 level LED bar graph indicator suffice to indicate the location of the traced object Note always select sensitivity that is optimal for individual tracing The sensitivity can be changed during tracing The receiver is supplied by a 9V alkaline battery IEC 6LR61 Versie 001 MENT 2 OPERATION PRINCIPLE 2 1 Fundamentals Decision for
15. ndicator Sensitivity LOW MIDDLE HIGH sensitivity keys potentiometer for fine adjustment of signal gain NIEAPN 20 Versie 001 NENT 5 MAINTENANCE 5 1 Battery Replacement for Transmitter Disconnect all test leads before opening the battery cover Unscrew all four screws atthe bottom of case Remove the cover Replace all four battery cells Pay attention to correct battery polarity Fix the cover with all four screws to original position The transmitter is energized with four alkaline AA size 1 5 V battery cells 5 2 Battery Replacement for Receiver Unscrew two screws on the bottom of casing Remove the cover Replace the battery Pay attention to correct battery polarity Fix the cover back to the original position Receiver is energized with 9 V battery IEC 6LR61 5 3 Cleaning Use soft patch moistened by water or alcohol and leave the instrument to dry totally after the cleaning Do not use liquids based on petrol Do not spill cleaning liquid over the instrument 5 4 Service In case of any instrument malfunction or damage noticed on the instrument or its accessories a competent service department must service the instrument Contact your dealer for detailed information NIEAPN 21 Versie 001 NENT 6 ORDERING INFORMATION 6 1 Standard Set Order no Transmitter Receiver Two testleads safety banana on both sides black 1 5 for Special selective tip
16. tion can be defined this way correct position Receiver switched in INDuctive mode Fig 4 Detection of electromagnetic field Whenever itis possible to embrace the traced wire or pipe it is recommended to use the appropriate current clamp instead of the receiver s inductive sensor See figure below By using the clamp the signal selectivity will considerably im prove Always keep maximum distance between current clamp LINES energized SUPPLY Receiver switched in Inductive mode Transmitter is automatically in load mode Fig 5 Transmitter as active load clam p used instead of inductive sensor For searching a fuse in a group of them the selective probe should be applied With it the housing of the fuse or wire must be touched at the right angle Find the best signal by rotating the probe Keep maximum distance between Transmitter and selective probe Note keep fingers behind the probe barrier to avoid electric shock and access of live parts NIEAPN 11 Versie 001 NENT Energized system Selective probe Transmitter i in LOAD mode Receiver R10K Fig 6 Searching the fuse b Non energized lines the transmitter in GEN mode Hints continued When the traced lines are in short circuit the test current from intemal generator of the transmitter unit flows through the tested loop This can also happen in case of cable shorts connected bulbs or other loads etc LIN
17. y inductive mode in generator mode Fig 15 Determination of short circuit location Electrom agnetic field disappears behind the short circuit location Attention Load current of Transmitter is 1 A Therefore for the safety reasons the max value of HE is less then 50 Q 17 Versie 001 VENT 3 3 Determining Individual Wires Fuses etc Using Special Test Tip LINES unactive or DC powered Transmitter is automatically switched in in generator mode capacitive mode Fig 16 Determination of individual wire The Test Tip connected to the receiver is used for determining an individual wire The lowest gain is recommended for this kind of application LOW gain Using Special Current Clamp Transmitter is automatically in load mode Fig 17 Determination of the belonging fuse by using current clamp Current clamp can be used to exactly determine an individual wire or belonging fuse It is recomm ended to use the lowest gain for this purpose LOW gain NIEAF 18 Versie 001 NENT Using Current Clamp for Current Signal Injection iecenne switched in nductme made um cur D RARE eee CONDUCTIVE LOOP A T1018 38 Trangmiter automatically i1 generator mode Fig 18 Tracing conductive loops by using current clamp Instead of a direct current signal injection clamp can be used for this purpose and
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