Home

XTOOLS X WINDOW SERVER USER`S GUIDE

1. 72 ssh agent and the ssh add command 73 Appendix 75 Setting up a tcshrc file for your ssh commands 75 Introduction to cshrc Configuration Files 75 4 Xtools X Window Server User Guide INTRODUCTION TO XTOOLS ABOUT XTOOLS Apple is entering the new millennium with a new operating system Apple s new operating system is a feature rich elegant OS in the true Apple tradition but with the added strength of pre emptive multitasking and protected memory The foundation of the new OS is derived from the thirty year old UNIX that was born at Bell Labs in the early 70s In the early 80s MIT researchers extended UNIX by standardizing the way graphical applications wrote to the display enabling software developers to write their graphical interfaces once knowing that their applications would easily display on a wide range of graphical devices supported by many different operating systems This method of sending graphical output to the computer screen was called X and for more than a decade UNIX systems have routinely included this X protocol known as the X Window System as part of the operating system Interestingly despite its UNIX heritage when Apple s new operating system called Mac OS X pronounced ten was introduced it did not include the X pronounced X protocol Tenon s Xtools was designed to fill that g
2. gt dev console echo Message This function will allow you to print messages to the OS X console you can leave it out if you do not want to print messages to the console In this instance we will be using this function to display the message Setting Keyboard layout when Xtools starts up You can follow the syntax described below to display other messages as you add things to your xinitrc file NOTE leave this text out of the xinitrc file only type in the BOLD text If you previously added this function while setting up a font server do not add it again Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Keyboard Mapping 55 ADVANCED FEATURES _ Now add the above to your xinitrc file as well SConsoleMessage Setting Keyboard Layout xmodmap xmodmaprc If you look at the first line you will see how we use the SConsoleMessage function to print to the console If we wanted to have the console output say Welcome to Xtools the syntax would be SConsoleMessage Welcome to Xtools If you have decided that you don t want to print console messages leave the first line of the above code out of your xinitrc file The second line contains the actual command to activate the keyboard mapping You can replace xmodmap xmodmaprc with what ever xmodmap command you like For instance if you wanted to follow the first example for disabling the caps lock key you d add SConsoleMessage Setting Keyboard Layout xmodmap e ke
3. 44 Motif Title 39 Motif Window Manager 37 see also mwm Motif Window Menu 38 Mouse using 35 Mouse Emulation 20 34 36 38 38 OpenGL 57 Hardware Support 58 80 Pointer Shapes 23 Porting Applications 59 Compiler Issues 61 Important Issues 60 Running configure 61 Shared Libraries 61 17 21 18 Input 20 License 22 Server 19 Print to OS X 45 55 Quite to iubeas dne 16 Root Setting Up 48 Rootless Display 34 37 RSA Based Authentication 27 Server 19 set DISPLAY 19 30 Returning to Default 32 Secure shell See SSH SSH Xtools X Window Server User Guide 28 code ius hee rss 28 ssh add 28 ssh agent 28 ssh keygen 28 Passphrase 29 Quick Start 71 tcshre Set 75 Xtools SSH package 11 SSH 28 Startup Script 19 sudo 48 System Requirements 9 T Tab
4. Xtools starts up the ssh agent when it is launched so you will not need to call that command unless you are making some changes MAKE ENTERING YOUR PASSPHRASE EASY You may find it convenient to create a menu item for a local client that executes usr local bin ssh add Name it something like Load ssh key and when you launch it it will bring up a nice dialog box for entering your passkey rather than the command line means of entry SETTING YOUR HOSTNAME While configuring SSH you may find that it 15 inconvenient to have your hostname set as localhost If your host name is listed as localhost while creating SSH keys the key will contain lt user gt localhost rather than the proper lt user gt lt hostname gt lt domain gt Example Stephie grape tenon com In this case you have two options One you can type in 1 Refer to Appendix for instructions for simplifying your paths Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Making Remote Connections 29 USING X11 CLIENTS Stephie hostname full DNS host name of computer For example Stephie s hostname grape tenon com or you can edit your hostconfig file in your etc directory by changing the HOSTNAME entry from AUTOMATIC to full DNS host name of computer gt For example HOSTNAME grape tenon com Be sure to save the file after making these changes Using xhost If you want to use xhost and the set DISPLAY operative for remote connecti
5. account the command is usr local bin ssh DIETER AWAY This will most likely ask for the password of DIETER on AWAY and on the first run it will also ask if AWAY should be added to the list of trusted hosts make sure you type out the word yes not just the letter y After typing in the right password for DIETER HANS has access to a shell on AWAY Success in the first step but we want to make this whole process more convenient in the future Step 2 In this step HANS HERE creates an RSA key and allows use of it to DIETER AWAY In a shell on HERE HANS issues the usr local bin ssh keygen command This will create two files identity and identity pub in a hidden subfolder named ssh of HANS home folder When asked for a passphrase HANS just hits return so this key will not be password protected Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide 71 p 72 To make this key usable to DIETER AWAY so logging in to AWAY as DIETER is easier for HANS HERE the file identity pub must be copied over to AWAY and be added to the authorized keys file in the ssh folder in DIETER s home folder The ssh folder may not yet exist and the authorized keys may not yet exist well just create them Hint running ssh keygen on AWAY will create the ssh folder with the right permissions Step 3 Test it HANS runs this command from HERE usr local bin ssh DIETER AWAY and is logged in immediately No password was asked If HANS had dec
6. Window Manager aT see also twm 4 amp 75 ij PPP 34 40 41 41 twm Root Menu 41 twm Title 42 U Uninstall 51 W Window Manager 6 33 5 33 Dedicated Full Screen 18 Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide INDEX Description 33 Dual Monitor System 18 Exiting 38 Rootless 33 5 18 36 Window Menu Functions 39 Window Operations 35 Windows 35 X Display Manager See X Window System 3 About La ode Rak e ha 7 X11 Development 59 Header 63 111 64 X11 Makefile 2450054045454 64 ae 20 49 about 49 configuring 49 login window 21 Ea qd 55 XFree86 P 8 xfs See Font Server xhost Access from Remote Hosts 19 Disabling 30 Execute from Command Line30 Security 30 Set 21 81 5 30 xinitre 19 56 19 starting font server 45 xmodmap 53 56 Xtools BOOM cig RE 5 Adding to Y
7. a Mac OS X compatible mouse you will probably not need to set keys for mouse button emulation and can turn this feature off The default keys for mouse button emulation are the 1 2 and 3 keys on your number pad The default meta key is the option key on your apple keyboard 20 The Input Tab Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide PREFERENCES GLANCE The Clients Tab THE CLIENTS TAB MO Preferences f Display Server Input Clients License SSH Configure local or remote X11 client applications fM xterm xclock Xlogo idldemo Select a client from the list sunclock for configuration xterm on redhat on 192 168 1 1 Ixgears K pdt Edit Add Clients stored in the file system can be started like applications Store all configured clients in my X11 Applications folder Folder location Applications Browse Figure 13 The Xtools Clients Prefereces The Clients tab is used to customize your clients menu Here is where you add clients rearrange their order delete and edit existing clients There is also an option for storing clients in an X11 application folder foot note D Please refer to chapter four for more information about adding and configuring Xtools clients 1 This feature has yet to be fully implemented Xtools X Window Server User s Manual The Clients Tab 21 PREFERENCES AT GLANCE Tie License Tab THE LICENSE TA
8. board for all of our Xtools users to share information report bugs ask questions and generally help each other out You can access it by clicking the link on our Xtools products page or go there directly with the following URL http www tenon com cgi bin BBoard Ultimate cgi E MAIL TECHNICAL SUPPORT Our technical support staff responds to e mail very quickly support tenon com CALL us If you have a support contract when you bought Xtools and are having a problem you can call us to ask questions 805 963 6983 8am Spm PST Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide 69 APPENDIX 70 Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide APPENDIX B Setting Up the ssh Environment on Your Local Machine A Quick Start Guide Important Note The instructions in this document follow the proceedure for creating an SSH1 key If you need to create an SSH2 key the proceedure is the same but the commands you use are different Please refer to the SSH manpages for the proper commands to use for creating SSH2 keys Background We have two machines one is our local machine we call it HERE The other is a remote machine called AWAY There is one user HANS on HERE and another user DIETER on the remote machine AWAY Now HANS HERE this is the syntax used by ssh wants to run remote X11 client applications on AWAY as the user DIETER a k a DIETER AWAY Step 1 HANS is logged in on HERE To log in via ssh to AWAY using the DIETER
9. get the proper syntax for setting your DISPLAY variable When you are finished using the remote host you will want to set the display back to that host just as you set it to display on your local machine by using the following command Stephie set DISPLAY localhost 0 This will tell the remote machine that you no longer want to display clients on your local machine Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Making Remote Connections 33 USING X11 CLIENTS 34 Making Remote Connections Xtools X Window Server User s Guide WiNDOW MANAGERS XTOOLS WINDOW MANAGERS WHAT IS A WINDOW MANAGER Window managers are applications that control the look and feel of your X11 desktop They draw the windows on your screen along with icons menus menu bars etc Window managers also make sure your keystrokes and mouse clicks take place at the correct location in the proper window They control how windows are resized or moved which windows are active or hidden and other functions dealing with how objects are displayed on your screen XTOOLS AQUA STYLE MANAGER By default Xtools runs with a rootless Aqua style manager In this case rootless means that when Xtools is launched it doesn t take over and cover your whole screen in fact the only thing displayed upon opening Xtools is the menu bar across the top of the screen This is useful because it allows you to easily access your OS X desktop as well as other applications you may have run
10. in the upper left hand corner of each twm window This button performs a minimize function The square button on the right hand side of the twm window performs a maximize function Rather than choosing the Iconify and Resize functions in the twm root menu you can use these window buttons Xtools Window Managers Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide ADVANCED FEATURES This section describes a variety of features that users who are experienced with the system may wish to use in order to set up their envirnoment properly Many of these features require editing the Xtools start up script and or setting up and editing a teshrc file Users who are new to the X Window System may want to wait until they are aquainted with the graphical features of Xtools before using these advanced features INSTALLING FONTS Copy the font from it s current location whether it be a local or remote location into a directory in your X11 fonts directory If you like instead of copying it directly into an existing folder you can create a new one cp font name usr X11R6 lib X11 fonts destination directory xinitrc 38 bin sh A 3 3 Below are the commands for adding new fonts to Xtools font path 0 xset fp usr X11R6 lib X11 fonts myNewFonts xset fp rehash Figure 27 Example of adding fonts to your font path Once the files are copied over you will need to add them to your fontpath by adding the following t
11. license number in this text field Preferences Enter your new license code f Cancel Accept Temporary License f Edit Registration 28 Figure 7 Entering Your Xtools License Number When you are finished click Accept to activate your license and continue using Xtools A First Look at Xtools Xtools X Window Server User Guide XTOOLS MENUS By default when you launch Xtools for the first time and subsequent times in rootless mode the display will consist solely of the menu bar across the top of your screen You can use the following diagram as a road map to the items within these menus User configurable list of frequently used applications Clients xterm xclock X logo Add an application to this list Remove Add clients fromto this list or edit client properties e g file path client name Add Client Configure Clients Deletes current text or graphic selection Copies text or graphic Cut Sex selection to clipboard Copy Paste Delete 36 QJ Inserts text or graphic contents from clipboard Delete current selection i e A client from the list your clients menu Edit startup script Edit your Xtools startup script If one exists GETTING STARTED A First Look at Xtools Opens Xtools about Screen lists version number About Xtools Restarts the Xtools Restar
12. on the server Using the mouse and keyboard the user controls the size appearance and location of each window on the X desktop Because of X s portability and the availability of MIT s sample implementation X has become an industry standard X has been criticized for its bandwidth consuming protocol design for its somewhat difficult to learn interface and for its myriad of open source GUIs See for example The X Window Disaster from Don Hopkins UNIX Hater s Handbook But even Don ends this scathing condemnation of X with Nobody really wants to run X what they want is a way to run several applications at the same time using a large screen If you want to run UNIX it s either X or a dumb character based terminal X itself is a relatively simple specification Over the years many different desktop environments e g GNOME KDE and window environments e g Enlightenment WindowMaker twm have been developed to augment X each with their own themes and configuration modes Xtools includes some of the more popular X display environments and the open ness of Xtools let s you easily add your favorite window manager ABOUT XFREE86 XFree86 is a freely available implementation of X that runs on UNIX platforms It is supported by the XFree86 Project Inc http www xfree86 org XFree86 implements X11R6 4 and like all open source projects is updated frequently There is a freely downloadable version of XFree86 for Darwin th
13. one such system The idea is that each user creates a public private key pair or authentication Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Making Remote Connections 27 28 USING X11 CLIENTS Making Remote Connections purposes The server knows the public key and only the user knows the private key The file SHOME ssh authorized keys lists the public keys that are permitted for logging in When the user logs in the ssh program tells the server which key pair it would like to use for authentication The server checks if this key is permitted and if so sends the user actually the ssh program running on behalf of the user a challenge a random number encrypted by the user 5 public key The challenge can only be decrypted using the proper private key The user 5 client then decrypts the challenge using the private key proving that he she knows the private key but without disclosing it to the server ssh implements the RSA authentication protocol automatically The user creates his her RSA key pair by running ssh keygen 1 This stores the private key in SHOME ssh identity and the public key in HOME ssh identity pub in the user s home directory The user should then copy the identity pub to HOME ssh authorized keys in his her home directory on the remote machine the authorized keys file corresponds to the conventional rhosts file and has on key per line though the lines can be very long After this the user can log in
14. usr X11R6 bin xfs amp Using Xtools as a Font Server Xtools X Window Server User s Guide ADVANCED FEATURES Using Xtools as a Font Server 2 To start the font server automatically when Xtools boots add an entry to your xinitre startup script file xinitrc 1 bin sh Below is the function included order to output messages to the 05 X Console app it is not required for Xtools to run the script properly but any line with a call to this function will need to be ommitted if this function is not present 4 SConsoleMessage 1 local Message dev console echo Message The following code launches the font server Xtools starts up if x usr X11R6 bin xfs J then SConsoleMessage Launching Font Server usr X11R6 bin xfs amp pu fi Figure 28 Example of launching a font server when Xtools starts up Put this function near the top of your xinitrc file SConsoleMessage local Message gt dev console echo Message This function will allow you to print messages to the OS X console You can leave it out if you do not want to print messages to the console In this instance we will be using this function to display the message Launching Font Server when Xtools starts up You can follow the syntax described below to display other messages as you add things to your xinitrc file NOTE leave this text out of the xinitrc file o
15. 1 GETTING STARTED Isti The next window asks you what type of installation you d like to perform At this time you must choose the default easy install which will install all the files your system needs to run Xtools this also includes the Xtools man pages X Window command help system OpenMotif System an X Window Manager desktop GUI and Motif libraries and the X11 Development Files to use if you will be using Xtools as a software development environment The Secure Shell for encrypted remote connections package is contained in a seperate installer If you are using Apple s SSH that is now included with Mac OS X you probably won t need to use our SSH installer and you can disreguard this package n 7 47 Install Xtoois Easy Install O Introduction SO Read Me License Click Install to perform a basic installation of this Select Destination software package installation nstallir Customize GoBack Install Figure 4 Xtools Installation Screen You can now click Install to install the Xtools package When Xtools is finished installing you should get a message telling you the installation was successful You can then click close to exit the installer You are now ready to start using Xtools 1 Due to problems with Apple s installer software there are currently no custom installation options You must perform the easy install This will be changed in a later u
16. 570 207 state 0x0 keycode 69 keusum 0x55 same screen YES XLookupString gives 1 characters e Figure 32 The xev command If you notice where it says keycode 22 the information immediately following gives the keysym for a press of the Delete key in this case the hex formatted sym is Oxffff and the plain text is just Delete You will notice this is the keysym we used Keyboard Mapping Xtools X Window Server User s Guide ADVANCED FEATURES Keyboard Mapping in the example where we swapped Delete with Backspace Most keysyms have an intuitive English definition For more information about keysyms refer to the Keyboard section of the X manual page To use xev just type the xev command into an xterm window A small window with square in it will appear Typing or clicking in this box will return the output mentioned above When you are through using xev simply choose close from the xev drop down menu or click the Close window button AUTOMATING THE TASK You will notice with either of the above methods that when you quit and restart Xtools the changes aren t permanent In order to make the keymap changes every time you start up Xtools you will need to add the commands to your xinitrc file Open your xinitrc file by choosing Edit Startup Script from the Edit menu If you haven t already put this function near the top of your xinitrc file SConsoleMessage local Message
17. B Fe C O Preferences Display server input cients f License SSH You temporary license valid until Thu Feb 27 12 14 06 2003 Temporary License Edit License Figure 14 The Xtools License Preferences The License tab is opened two ways either by choosing preferences and then clicking the license tab or it is opened automatically when you choose License from the Xtools menu You can use the License tab to enter a permanent license check how much time is remaining on your current temporary license or to obtain your license number if for some reason you ve lost the copy mailed to you when you purchased Xtools For more information about entering your license number please refer to chapter two of this document 22 The License Tab Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide UsiNG X11 CLIENTS GETTING STARTED WITH X11 CLIENTS Atthis point Xtools is up and running and you are ready to get down to business If you have experience working with other implementations of the X Window System you may find you use it to run remote clients more than you use it for running clients on your local machine Whether running clients remotely or locally Xtools is designed to make launching them fairly straightforward UsiNG XTOOLS CLIENTS MENU You can use the Xtools clients menu to set up X11 applications that you use often so that they can be launched quickly This may be more convenient than openi
18. FROM THE COMMAND LINE One other option is to manually call xhost from the command line If you do this you can restrict which computers can access your Xtools server You can restrict which machines can connect in two ways If you d like to give access to only certain machines simply add their IP addresses after the like so Stephie xhost 192 83 246 255 Now only the machine with this IP address 192 83 246 255 can connect to your server If you d like to deny access to certain machines you can list their IP addresses after a sign instead of a plus like so Stephie xhost 192 83 246 255 Now any machine with except the one with this IP address 192 83 246 255 can connect to your server Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Making Remote Connections 31 32 USING X11 CLIENTS Making Remote Connections You can also use xhost to disable xhost access when you are finished using it by entering the command with no IP addresses following the Stephie xhost If you forget to set your xhost before attempting to run a remote client you will get an authorization error similar to the following ud ed d xterm quebert usr X11R6 bin supportZ telnet hector login erik Password erik hector erik set DISPLAY quebert tenon com 0 erik netscape amp 1 13982 erik hector erik Xlib connection to quebert tenon com 0 0 refused by server Xlib Client is n
19. S This variable will almost always usually be set to at least CFLAGS Wall O2 You append the following arguments so that it looks like this CFLAGS Wall O2 dynamic fPIC Of course if your CFLAGS variable contains other flags you will need to preserve those as well These flags tell the compiler to create object files which are capable of being used in shared libraries You can now make the library by invoking the make command with your new target as the argument like make libsomething so This will create a shared library file in the current directory You will need to manually install the library into one of the standard directories such as usr lib or usr local lib Porting X Applications To Mac OS X Xtools X Window Server User s Guide X11 DEVELOPMENT Header Files X11 HEADER FILES All of the X11 header files should be located in usr X11 R6 include These headers provide all of the function prototypes and variables necessary for development In order to utilize these functions and variables you will need to add the proper include directives to your source files For example include lt X11 X h gt include lt X11 xpm h gt You will also need to make sure that the X11 include directory is added to the include path when you compile your programs The compiler will look the I flag in the command argument which is then followed directly by the directory where you want the compiler to look for the f
20. Server User Guide Advanced Features 43 Aqua Style Manager 18 37 C Clients Connecting 10 6 Clients Menu 21 26 Clients 21 Configuration Files 79 Console 56 D Dedicated Screen 36 37 Development See X11 Development Development Tools Installing 59 DISPLAY Operative 21 Display 18 F Font 44 Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide INDEX Connecting 0 46 Fontpath 43 47 Fonts Copying 43 43 1 Contact Information 69 Hostname SOUL DES RIDE 29 I Input Tab 20 Installation 9 Xtools Installer Package 10 K Keyboard Input 35 Keyboard Mapping 52 Finding 54 Via Text 53 55 Via Command Line 52 54 79 INDEX Index License 13 Entering 22 Expired what to 4 14 Obtaining 22 License 22 15 Menus cont M o D 21 19 Meta 20 mkfontdir
21. XTOOLS X WINDOW SERVER USER S GUIDE Extending your Aqua Desktop 1123 Chapala Street Santa Barbara CA 93101 PH 805 963 6983 FAX 805 962 8202 info tenon com www tenon com 6 2001 Copyright 2001 2003 Tenon Intersystems Rights Reserved Printed in USA Tenon Xtools and the Tenon Logo are trademarks of Tenon Intersystems X Window System and X11 are registered trademarks of MIT Apple Macintosh and Mac OS X are registered trademarks and Finder is a trademark od Apple Computer Inc UNIX is a registered trademark in the United Stated and other countried licensed exclusively through X Open Company limited other product names are trademarks of their respective holders TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents eene 1 5 About Xtools 5 Xtools Server 6 What features are included in 1 7 About the X Window System 7 About XFree86 2 2 22 Getting Started 9 System Requirements 9 Histaan es pese TA CR CRI RO Y ERR RP 9 Downloading Xtools ia sx ke 9 The Xtools Installer 10 Adding Xtools to your Dock 13 A First Look at
22. Xtools 13 Entering Your License Number 13 Xtools Menus 15 Quitting Xlools us t nk eR o Reed c e ede 16 Preferences ata Glance 17 The Display Tab 18 The Server Tab 19 The Input Tab 20 The Clients 21 The License Tab 22 Xtools X Window Server User 5 Manual 1 TABLE CONTENTS Contents Using X11 23 Getting Started With X11 Clients 23 Using Xtools Clients 1 23 Xtools Preferences The Client Tab 23 Adding Order to your Clients Menu 24 Adding a local X client 25 Editing or Removing Local X11 Client 26 Adding a Remote 26 Making Remote Connections 27 Using secure Shell 2 5555 iac 27 Locating Your SSH Commands 28 Xtools SSH Agent 28 Make Entering Your Passphrase Easy 29 Setting your 29 Using 30 Executing xhost From Command Line 30 The DISPLAY 31 Window Manag
23. Xtools Preferences Clients Tab Getting Started With X11 Clients Xtools X Window Server User Guide USING X11 CLIENTS Getting Started With X11 Clients ADDING A LOCAL X CLIENT While still in the clients tab of your Xtools preferences click the button labeled Add A sheet will come down on top of your preferences panel labeled X11 Client Configuration like so Preferences X11 Client Configuration Name New Client Path Options This is a remote client J Secure Shell connections 7 are encrypted f Cancel Figure 17 Adding a Client to the Xtools Clients Menu By default Xtools names new applications New Client but you can change this to whatever you like For this example let s add the xteddy application to our client list Type Xteddy in the Name field Now if you know the path to your X11 client you can just type it in otherwise go to the terminal and locate the application In this case xteddy is located in usr local bin so type usr local bin xteddy in the path field There is also an Options field You can use this field to enter any information you d type in with the command to launch the client in a terminal window for example the command xset root solid red This command sets your rooted background color to red with no pattern In this case the root solid red part would be added to the options fie
24. a key to act as the meta key for X applications If this option is enabled and you set it to use the Apple key menu shortcuts will be disabled therefore lt command gq gt will not exit the program and you will have to select the option from the Xtools menu 2 Applications and X utility programs are referred to as clients this will be discussed in depth in chapter four 16 A First Look at Xtools Xtools X Window Server User Guide PREFERENCES AT A GLANCE of the options for set up and configuration through the Xtools GUI is contained in the preferences panels This chapter will give you an idea of where things are located in Xtools Those aspects of the Xtools preferences which require more in depth explanation are covered in detail in other chapters The following sections will serve as a quick reference and will also refer you to the appropriate section of this document for more information To open Xtools preferences choose Preferences from the Xtools menu This will open a window with 5 tabs across the top from left to right they are Display Server Input Clients and License 1 Ifanyofthese tabs are missing or in a different order then you are probably using an outdated version of the Xtools software Visit the Tenon site for an updated version Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide 17 PREFERENCES GLANCE Tie Display Ta THE DISPLAY TAB r Preferences f Display Server In
25. ake sure the account you log in as to use Xtools has administrator privileges Example of sudo command sudo rm r Xtools app Would remove the Xtools application Some software applications require you to have access to the root user but most of the time you will probably only need to use the root user or sudo commands in order to change permissions or otherwise alter files that do not belong to the user you are logged in with 48 Setting up the Root User Xtools X Window Server User s Guide ADVANCED FEATURES X Display Manager If you would rather just enable the root user in Mac OS X by default the root user is not activated we have provided step by step instructions on our website http www tenon com support itools osx root rootuser html For more information about the sudo command and the Mac OS X root user please visit Apple s web site www apple com X DISPLAY MANAGER XDM The xdm program manages a collection of X displays which may be on the local host or remote servers The design of xdm was guided by the needs of X terminals as well as the X Consortium standard XDMCP the X Display Manager Control Protocol xdm provides services similar to those provided by init getty and login on character terminals prompting for login name and password authenticating the user and running a session When your Xtools system is configured to run Xtools with xdm you will be presented with a friendly uniform entr
26. an do that by starting up a little X11 password type in program Xtools starts ssh agent automatically and all you have to do is add your RSA key to the agent s key list Open xterm type in the command usr local bin ssh add unless you ve added usr local bin to your path then you will only need to type ssh add and it will ask you for the passphrase From now on the passphrase is known and no longer needed to run remote clients that use this RSA key until you close Xtools The command will need to be executed each time Xtools is launched You may find it convinent to add a client to your Clients menu called load ssh Key with the path to this command Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide 73 mo 74 Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide APPENDIX C Setting up a tcshrc file for your ssh commands Introduction to cshrc Configuration Files The first thing that you might discover when attempting to set up ssh is that if you open a new xterm and enter any of the ssh commands including those for the ssh manual pages you ll get an error telling you such file or directory This is because the ssh commands aren t located in your default usr X11R6 bin directory nor the man pages included in any of the directories with your other manual pages The ssh commands are instead installed into your usr local bin directory while the accompaying man pages fall into your usr local man directory and there are fo
27. and read the manual page Getting Started With X11 Clients Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide USING X11 CLIENTS Making Remote Connections unable to use secure shell If you plan on using SSH click the box and go on to the instructions for setting up secure shell connections if you plan on using xhost sure the SSH box is unchecked You can then skip the next sub section and read about the set DISPLAY directive MAKING REMOTE CONNECTIONS Using Secure Shell Secure shell SSH is used for encrypted secure connections between machines on a network that might not otherwise be secure When you connect to a server using SSH you have to prove your identity to the remote server The most convenient way to do this with Xtools is to use RSA based authentication You will need to enable X11Forward in SSH Configuration in Preferences panel 7 2520 Preferences Display Server Input Clients License SSH v Enable X11Forward in SSH Configuration This setting is required for sending X11 packets over SSH tunnel Enable this feature if you are planning to use X11 over SSH The following section about RSA based authentication is an excerpt from the BSD man pages RSA based authentication is based on public key cryptography there are cryptosystems where encryption and decryption are done using separate keys and it is not possible to derive the decryption key from the encryption key RSA is
28. ap Xtools is an implementation of MIT s X Window System designed specifically for Apple s OS X operating system Xtools is a Cocoa application built from the ground up to take advantage of Apple s new CoreGraphics and Quartz display engine In order to enable OS X users to retain the beautiful Aqua desktop while still benefiting from the unique aspects of Xtools Xtools supports rootless X Windows on the Aqua desktop Xtools is primarily used by enterprise and academic users who are accustomed to accessing various applications on remote machines e g SGI HP DEC etc Their desktop platform of choice is Apple s Aqua OS X and Xtools lets them seamlessly use native Macintosh applications side by side with remote scientific and engineering applications Consumers who want access to the hundreds of open source X games are also Xtools users Xtools lets users display remote graphical applications on the Aqua desktop In addition to displaying remote applications alongside of Macintosh applications Xtools also provides a full screen X display with a variety of display and window managers giving users an alternative desktop environment In addition Xtools contains all the Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide About Xtools 5 INTRODUCTION TO XTOOLS About libraries necessary to enable remote X applications to be ported to Mac OS X So with Xtools not only can remote X applications be displayed on the Aqua desktop but if de
29. ar When a menu function is meaningless its name is displayed in a light shade of gray and cannot be selected OTHER Morir TITLE BAR BUTTONS The mwm Maximize and Minimize menu functions also have analogs in the title bar of every mwm menu Two buttons are displayed in the upper right hand corner of each mwm window The left most of the two buttons performs a minimize function The right most of the two buttons performs a maximize function Rather than choosing the Maximize and Restore functions in the previous example you could WINDOW MANAGERS Xtools Window Managers Choose Restore Move Size Minimize Maximize Lower Close have used the Maximize button in the upper right corner of the xterm window immediately to the right of the Minimize button Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Xtools Window Managers 39 WINDOW MANAGERS TAB WINDOW MANAGER The Tab also known as Tom s Window Manager is pretty basic It is available on a lot of UNIX implementations and for a time was the default window manager but is gradually loosing some of its popularity to mwm and other window managers Xtools Clients Edit Window Help Mon 3 11 PM localhost usr XL1R amp bin stephieX 1 INDDeno fslsfonts oclock xiiperf fstobdf getsubres panner xauth helloint periodic xbiff hellomotif piano xcalc iceauth pr
30. bove is all one line don t put a carriage return between MANPATH and the The first command tells your X Server to add usr local bin to the list of places it checks for commands that are unknown to it this is where it will look when you type in an ssh command The second command sets the path to your ssh man pages by appending asr local man to the default man path When you close the xterm window or switch to a new one it will loose these commands and you will need to type them in again everytime you open a new xterm This is better than the first two options but still not exactly optimal The fourth way is the most convinent and is also permanent it can actually be undone edited later if you like This involves creating a configuration file and saving it in your home directory You will want to be in your home directory when making this file To get to your home directory type Stephie cd and hit return You ll know if you re in your home directory if your prompt looks like this hostname domain lt username gt Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide APPENDIX C Now to create a new textfile through the xterm we will use the command line text editing tool vi you can use your prefered text editor if you like i e xemacs textedit We are using vi for simplicity s sake because everyone has it installed by default At the same time we launch vi we will need to tell it through the command line to cr
31. d open Xtools preferences 2 From the preferences panel click on the Display tab 1 When running in full screen mode the dock should be hidden to give you a more X11 like appearance 36 Xtools Window Managers Xtools X Window Server User s Guide WINDOW MANAGERS Xtools Window Managers 3 Choose the radio button for Rootless Display Mode or Dedicated Full Screen Bellow that are options for choosing a window manager A new install of Xtools will have three options Aqua style Manager Tab Window Manager and Motif Window Manager You can drag these selections into any order to suit your preferences If you use mwm a lot you might want to have it listed first CORC Preferences Rootless Display Mode Dedicated Full Screen Set Background Color g X11 splay ecor en only sire tart Window Manager Aqua Style Manager Set Tab Window Manager Motif Window Manager Drag window managers into Enlightenment your preferred order GNOME The Aqua Style Manager can only be used in rootless mode Edit Add Figure 18 Xtools Display Preferences Panel 4 Select a window manager and then click the set button You should notice that your screen changes to your new settings right away You can try experimenting with different combinations or window managers and screen modes until you discover which suits your needs the best When you are satisf
32. d typing press the lt escape gt key This will return you to non editing mode You now need to give vi the command to save changes and quit To do so type the following ZZ Remember vi is case sensitive You should now have a command line prompt back To check that your file saved do a long file listing of all files including those that may be hidden your teshre file will be hidden by typing Stephie Is al l means give a long list with details about the files and directories a means show hidden files You should see your tcshrc file in the listing if not go back through the instructions and figure out where you went wrong Now that you have your settings it s time to implement them Xtools won t automatically read the file and start using the information contained within After you make the file you will have to do one of two things either restart Xtools or type the following command in your xterm Stephie source tcshre Test that you entered the information properly by typing Stephie man ssh You should get the listing of the ssh man page if not go back and open the tcshre file with vi again and see where you went wrong Now everytime you launch Xtools it will know where to look for your ssh commands and manual pages There are other things you can add to your tcshrc file to tweak your Xtools set up you may want to do a little online research to see what else you can add Xtools X Window
33. dow to display the window menu To display the mwm window menu Hove Alt F point to the menu button and then press and hold the Size Alt FS select mouse button The menu is displayed as long as Minimize Alt F9 you hold the button down don t release the button yet see below Maximize Alt F10 Lower Alt F3 Close Alt F4 Figure 24 The Motif Window Menu Step 1 Choose a Function from the Menu While continuing to hold down the mouse select button drag the pointer down the menu As the pointer moves it highlights a button for each available selection Drag the pointer until you highlight the Maximize function Release the mouse button The Maximize function causes the window to expand to fill the entire screen Step 2 Restore the Window to its Original Size Display the window menu again Drag the pointer down the menu until you highlight the Restore selection Release the mouse button The window is restored to its original size Xtools Window Managers Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide SuMMARY WiNDOW MENU FUNCTIONS To do this Restore a window from an icon or after maximizing Change the location of the window Change the size of the window Shrink the window to its icon representation Enlarge the window to cover the entire root window Send a window to the back or bottom of the window stack the position closest to the root window Immediately stop the window and make it disappe
34. e open source kernel that is the foundation of Mac OS X Xtools inherits the clean fast and stable code base from XFree86 X applications that run on Darwin with XFree86 will also run on OS X with Xtools Likewise Xtools X applications for OS X will run on Darwin This chapter is available online at http www art net hopkins Don unix haters x windows disaster html About the X Window System Xtools X Window Server 5 Guide GETTING STARTED SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS WE PON HB H B B BOE B Bod dH B H HU H dg Nod d d Xtools will run on any Mac OS X capable computer you can determine whether or not your computer is Mac OS X compatible by visiting Apple s site http www apple com macosx requirements Xtools also requires atleast 128M RAM Apple supplied ixMicro ATI or NVidia video card e atleast 80M of available disk space INSTALLATION DOWNLOADING XTOOLS You can install from the Xtools CD or by using the downloadable Xtools package on Tenon s web site http www tenon com products xtools If you have difficulty downloading Xtools from our server or if you prefer you can also obtain the Xtools installer from Apple s web site Before you can download the Xtools package from our web site you must first complete our download request form The information on this form is used for internal 1 Xtools installer downl
35. e then likely place the headers in usr local include The standard location for X headers is in usr X11R6 include If you find the compiler is still unable to find a particular header file you may need to add additional paths to this variable INCLUDES I usr local include I usr X11R6 include The next variable is set in order to tell the linker where to find the necessary libraries that it needs to link to as well as to which libraries it will actually link in The options that are specified below with L are paths to where the linker needs to look and the options set with 1 are the library names When specifying library names you do no need to add the prefix lib or the extension For Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Example X11 Makefile 65 66 X11 DEVELOPMENT Example X11 Makefile example to link libgtk a you only need to give lgtk to the linker For dynamic libraries the linker looks for libraries with a dylib extension LIBS L usr local lib L usr X11R6 lib IX11 IXext IXpm Now that we have specified all of the necessary variables we need to setup our targets The all target is what make looks to build by default This isn t a necessary target however We are telling make that by telling it to build all we want it to build the target xsample all xsample Once make finds that it has to build xsample it will then look for the xsample targe
36. e your connection to the remote machine you can now continue with your XDM session When you are finished if you d like to go back to using Xtools without XDM simply open your preferences and uncheck the XDM box You will once again need to restart Xtools for the changes to take place More information about using xdm is available in the xdm manual pages if you ve never used xdm before we recommend reading through them UNINSTALLING XTOOLS Jg 8d N HN P 8 bbb bbb NH d N Ud 8H 8o 3 The following commands when issued from the Mac OS X terminal app will remove the Xtools application and accompanying files from your computer sudo rm rf usr X11R6 sudo rm rf Applications Xtools app sudo rm rf Library Receipts Xtools We caution you to be careful when using the sudo rm commands as once something is deleted in this manner it can not be retrieved Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Uninstalling xtools 51 ADVANCED FEATURES Keyboard Mapping KEYBOARD MAPPING 52 By default Xtools is designed to use the default keyboard mapping that exists within OS X For the most part this default functionality should operate properly with local and remote X11 applications Certain conditions may arise that warrant a change in this default behavior For instance if you find your self constantly hitting the caps lock key while entering file paths into your xterm or you wish to switc
37. eate a new file named tcshrc We need to do this because vi has no graphical user interface with nice menus to pull down to select new files as you ll see in a moment In your xterm type Stephie vi teshre vi will open in your terminal which will now look like the window below xterm 3 2332 2E tcshnci new file line 1 Figure 35 New vi Window vi has some cryptic commands for editing and maneuvering through documents as well as saving and quitting We are going to cover just a few in this section You may want to take a look at the man page for vi Stephie man vi to get a complete set of commands and more information To start adding text to your new vi document you will need to switch from command mode to edit mode To do this type lowercase letter Case is important in vi You can now type in the following two lines setenv PATH SPATH usr local bin setenv MANPATH Users lt the name of the account you are currently logged in as gt man usr local share man usr share man usr local man The above is all one line don t put a line return between MANPATH and the For example if I were logged in as user Stephie I d enter Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide 77 APPENDIX C C 78 setenv PATH PATH usr local bin setenv MANPATH Users Stephie man usr local share man usr share man usr local man When you are finishe
38. enter information about a new client If it is not your intention to add a client click cancel on the sheet and that will bring you back to the main Clients preference tab ADDING ORDER TO YOUR CLIENTS MENU Open the clients tab of your Xtools preferences The box on the left contains the default X11 applications as well as any you may have added When you add an application to this list Xtools puts it at the bottom of the list Since entering your applications in the order you think you will want them in can be time consuming and frustrating Xtools allows you to drag the items in this list into any order To do so just click on an application and hold down your mouse button Then drag the mouse to anywhere else in the window You will see a black line appear between the applications as your mouse passes over them Release the mouse button when the black line appears in the location you want to place your X11 application OD Preferences 15 Server Input Clients License SSH Configure local or remote X11 client applications xterm xclock Xlogo idldemo xemacs Select a client from the list sunclock for configuration xterm on redhat on 192 168 1 1 Ixgears X gixgear Edit Add Clients stored in the file system can be started like applications Store all configured clients in my X11 Applications folder Folder location Applications Figure 16 The
39. ers 33 Xtools Window Managers 33 What is Window Manager 33 Xtools Aqua style Manager 33 Navigating the X11 Desktop with mwm and twm 35 Using the Mouse 35 Pointer Shapes 35 Selecting a Window 35 Using twm with 8 36 Selecting Your Window Manager 36 Exiting a Window 38 The Motif Window Manager 38 Navigating the Motif Desktop 38 The Motif Window Menu 38 Summary of Window Menu Functions 39 Other Motif Title Bar Buttons 39 2 Xtools X Window Server User Guide TABLE OF CONTENTS Tab Window Manager 40 Navigating The twm 0 41 The twm Root Menu 41 Summary of twm Root Menu Functions 41 twm Title Bar Buttons 42 Advanced Features 43 Installing Fonts 43 Using Xtools as a Font Server 44 Connecting to a Font Server 46 Setting up the Root User 48 X Display Manager 49 Configuring Xtools t
40. g and installing this library you will have the necessary components to compile UNIX applications that require this API for dynamic loading 60 Porting X Applications To Mac OS X Xtools X Window Server User s Guide X11 DEVELOPMENT Porting X Applications To Mac OS X RUNNING CONFIGURE Pretty much all Open source X applications will include a script called configure which will automatically determine some aspects of your system setup which are necessary to successfully compile the application Many applications are not yet able to automatically detect the Darwin platform during configure The host type triple for Mac OS X is powerpc apple darwin1 3 On some occasions you may pass this to configure with the argument host powerpc apple darwin1 3 The safest way to accomplish this is to copy the files config guess and config sub located in usr libexec to the same directory where your configure script is found COMPILER ISSUES The compiler included with the Mac OS X Development Tools is an Apple modified GCC compiler version 2 95 2 Most ofthe compiler remains unchanged from the standard GCC implementation however Apple has modified it to be able to compile Objective C source code Interestingly two pre processors exist with this particular version of GCC the standard pre processor implementation and Apple s version of the pre processor which handles pre compiled headers The default pre processor used by the compile
41. h between your U S keyboard mapping and a Japanese layout X11 provides you with a relatively quick and painless way of doing so with the xmodmap command There are two ways of using xmodmap by typing commands in a terminal window or loading a keymap file If you are simply changing one or two keys it may be easier to just enter the commands into your terminal window If on the other hand you are entering a whole new keyboard mapping you may want to save the mapping into a text file and load it into Xtools with the xmodmap command The following will cover both techniques ViA COMMAND LINE Let s say that I am using an application that is case sensitive and at no point will I want to activate the caps lock key because everything I type in is to be lowercase and hitting caps lock will waste valuable time back tracking Using xmodmap I can disable the caps lock key with one simple command xmodmap e keysym Caps Lock the e option tells xmodmap that what follows is an expression and keysym Caps Lock is the expression Normally if you were altering a key you d reassign it to another character digit or symbol and that symbol would follow the sign In this case we want the caps lock key to do nothing when pressed so we leave the right hand side of the expression blank The descriptor keysym precedes all xmodmap expressions For more information about keysyms refer to the Keyboard section of the X manual page Keyb
42. ided to protect the RSA key by a passphrase during creation ssh would have asked for this passphrase but not for the password of DIETER AWAY So even if DIETER changes the password on AWAY HANS would still be able to log in as long as the RSA public key remains in the authorized keys file STEP 4 TESTING REMOTE CLIENTS UNDER XTOOLS HANS starts up Xtools on HERE Since Netscape hasn t been ported to MacOS X yet HANS needs to run it from AWAY which is another type of unix system and has Netscape installed in usr bin netscape DIETER has allowed access to AWAY so this should work HANS opens an xterm makes sure the DISPLAY variable is set set DISPLAY localhost 0 0 this is must for X11 forwarding to work and types in usr local bin ssh X DIETER AWAY usr bin netscape The X option turns on X11 forwarding Instead of opening a shell on AWAY the executable given as the last parameter is executed Netscape opens on HERE s Xtools desktop STEP 5 MAKE IT EASY TO USE Now that HANS knows everything works fine Netscape can be added as a client to the Clients menu of Xtools Refer to Chapter 3 of this document for instructions for adding clients to your Clients menu Xtools X Window Server User Guide APPENDIX STEP 6 WHAT WE DIDN T COVER SSH AGENT AND THE SSH ADD COMMAND When RSA codes are protected by passphrases ssh is unable to ask for them when running a remote client from inside Xtools However ssh agent c
43. ied with your desktop you can close your preferences panel 1 Onsome machines the Aqua style desktop will run applications faster than the dedicated screen if you have a slower machine you might want to take this into consideration when setting up your desktop Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Xtools Window Managers 37 38 WINDOW MANAGERS Xtools Window Managers EXITING A WINDOW MANAGER You can exit mwm or twm by selecting Aqua style Manager and Rootless Display Mode from your preferences panel THE Morir WINDOW MANAGER mwm is a popular window manager for many UNIX platforms It follows the standards set by the Open Software Foundation for using a consistent style for attributes such as menus windows menus and scroll bars This makes using X11 easier because you aren t constantly learning new interfaces each time you encounter a new application NAVIGATING THE MoriF DESKTOP Launch Xtools and run mwm in full screen mode Using the third mouse button click once on the X11 desktop to display the mwm root menu select the New Window menu item and start an xterm client NOTE For information on the third mouse button see section TBA Mouse Button Mapping This will create an mwm xterm window THE MoriF WINDOW MENU In mwm the window menu is attached to a button in the upper left hand corner of the window Use the menu BiteBY button in the upper left corner of each win
44. if you plan to use the xhost option in conjunction with the set DISPLAY directive to connect to remote hosts Do not enable xhost access if you plan on using secure shell to connect to remote hosts Also if you Xtools X Window Server User s Manual The Server Tab 19 PREFERENCES GLANCE 3 The Input Tab plan on restricting xhost access to specific machines you will need to execute the xhost command manually from the command line Please refer to chapter four for more information on remote operations Finally the last item in the Server tab is the option to use XDM to start a remote session When you click the check box here you will also need to enter the full name of a valid XDM server You cannot run XDM without a valid XDM server or Xtools will not start up properly and you will be forced to restart Xtools Please refer to chapter six of this manual for more information on setting up XDM THE INPUT TAB xx O00 Preferences Display Server Input Clients License SSH 1 Emulate mouse buttons acts like left button acts like middle button acts like right button Meta Key Emulation acts as Meta key Note New settings will only take effect only for new windows Figure 12 The Xtools Input Preferences The Input tab is fairly simple This is where you choose which keys on your keyboard you would like to use for 3 button mouse emulation and to set a meta key If you are using
45. iles This can be done in your Makefiles by defining a variable such as INCLUDES like below INCLUDES I usr X11R6 include The compiler requires this option in order to properly locate the include files Some optional X or X related libraries that you install on your own such as GTK may install include files in usr local include in which case you would have to append this directory as well in order to use those files INCLUDES I usr X11R6 include I usr local include All of these options can also be passed as compiler options via the terminal if you are not using Makefiles for your applications Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Header Files 63 X11 DEVELOPMENT Linking To The XII Libraries LINKING TO THE X11 LIBRARIES Now that you are including the X11 header files and telling your compiler where to find them you need to tell your compiler how to link against the X11 libraries Just like with the include files you need to tell the compiler which directory to find the X libraries The standard location for the X11 libraries is usr X11R6 lib You can pass this to the compiler with the L option followed directly by the directory in which it should look for the libraries This can also be set in a Makefile by creating a variable such as LIBS For example LIBS L usr X11R6 lib Now that the compiler knows where to find the libraries you need to tell it which libraries to actually link to This is done with the 1 arg
46. inciples xclipboard ico proxyangr xclock imake resize xcnsdd 1 setxkbnap xconsole xsetpointer showfont xcutsel xsetroot showgb xditview xm proxy xstdcmap xdpyinfo xteddy tm xterm vil xfd xwininfo motifshell viewes xfindproxy ma welcome xfontsel mda stephiel xteddy Figure 25 The Tab Window Manager 40 Xtools Window Managers Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide WINDOW MANAGERS Xtools Window Managers NAVIGATING THE TWM DESKTOP Launch Xtools and run twm in full screen mode Click and Twm hold the select mouse button once on the X11 desktop to Iconify display the twm root menu and scroll down to select the Resize Xterm menu item and start an xterm client This will create a Move twm xterm window Raise Lower THE TWM MENU In twm the root menu is the menu we just displayed by clicking Focus once on the desktop The twm root menu contains all the Unfocus commands for manipulating windows and clients on your twm Show Iconmgr desktop Hide Iconmgr Step 1 Choose a Function from the Menu Xterm Click and hold the select mouse button once on your X11 desktop while continuing to hold down the mouse select Kill button drag the pointer down the twm menu As the pointer Delete moves it highlights a button for each available selection Drag the pointer until you highlight the Iconif
47. l of the OpenGL libraries and header files needed to create or port your favorite X11 OpenGL applications Please refer to our chapter on development for more information about porting applications with Xtools If you d like to learn more about OpenGL please refer to Apple s site http www apple com opengl OpenGL Xtools X Window Server User s Guide X11 DEVELOPMENT The standard Xtools software distribution contains all of the header files and libraries necessary to develop software for the X Window System OpenGL libraries are included as well as the Tk Toolkit widget set note that X11 development will not be possible without installing the full suite of Mac OS X development tools that are provided by Apple While this document is not intended to be an in depth X11 development tutorial it will describe what needs to be done in order to properly compile your own X client applications and or port x client applications to Mac OS X INSTALLING THE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS The Mac OS X operating system is bundled with a CD ROM containing a full suite of GNU development tools You will most likely want to install all of the available developer tools packages However in order to save more disk space you may want to forgo installing the sources package Unless you plan on sifting through examples in the source code that gets installed you will not need this PORTING X APPLICATIONS TO MAC OS X A lot of the available Open source X applicatio
48. ld of your new client while usr local bin xset would be placed in the path field Since there are no options to add to xteddy you can leave this field blank Figure 18 Xteddy Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Getting Started With X11 Clients 25 26 USING X11 CLIENTS Getting Started With X11 Clients Since xteddy is a local application located on the hard drive of the machine you are currently working on we won t need to bother with the remote client section just yet We will talk about that in the up coming section on running remote clients Click the button Xteddy is now in your list of clients you can drag it to your preferred location within the list When you are finished close the preferences panel You can now go to your clients menu and launch xteddy If you did it right a little brown bear will appear on your screen and your cursor will change into a heart EDITING OR REMOVING A LOCAL X11 CLIENT Editing an existing client isn t much different from creating a new one the only thing that you need to do differently is highlight the client that you wish to edit and click the Edit button You can then make any changes to the current entries for that client Make sure you click OK when you are finished To remove a client from the client menu highlight its name in the clients tab of your Xtools preferences hold down the apple key and press the delete key This will not de
49. lete the client from your machine it will simple remove the reference to it in your Xtools clients menu Alternatively you can select the item you d like to remove and choose Delete from Xtools Edit menu ADDING A REMOTE CLIENT Setting up the remote client s preferences is the same as setting up a local client s preferences with the addition of specifying a login and host name Open your Xtools preferences to the clients tab again and click the Add button This time you will have to choose your own remote client to add as instructions for the path file options will be different for each user After entering your desired client name put in the path to the application on the remote machine If you are unsure of its location on the remote machine open a new xterm and telnet or SSH into the machine and locate it as you would on your local machine Now click the button labeled This is a remote host enter the host s name and your login in the fields labeled accordingly The last option in that sheet is the Use Secure Shell option We recommend that you make all of your remote client connections using SSH with Xtools The next section will explain how to set up and use secure shell and the section after that will cover making connections using xhost and the set DISPLAY directive in case you are If you don t know how to telnet into the remote machine type telnet in your xterm
50. ly you can download pre made keymap files from the internet which saves a lot of time FINDING A KEYSYM If you are unsure what the keysym for a particular key is you can figure it out using the xev command The xev command actually outputs all of your mouse and keyboard inputs to the terminal in the following format KeyPress event serial 13 synthetic NO window 0x2c00001 root 0x29 subw 0x0 time 3380287211 34 118 root 284 168 state 0x0 keycode 22 keysym Oxffff Delete same screen YES XLookupString gives 1 characters Qvent Tester state 0 0 is hint 0 same screen YES MotionNotifu event serial 22 synthetic NO window 0 400001 root 0x27 subu 0 0 time 421410835 36 169 root 570 207 state 0x0 is hint 0 same screen YES MotionNotify event serial 22 synthetic NO window 0x400001 root 0x27 subw 0 0 time 421410836 35 169 root 570 207 state 0x0 is hint 0 same screen YES MotionNotify event serial 22 synthetic NO window 0x40000 root 0x27 subu 0 0 time 421410837 36 169 root 570 207 state 0x0 is_hint 0 same_screen YES KeuPress event serial 22 synthetic NO window 0x400001 root 0x27 subw 0 0 time 421413465 36 169 root 207 state 0 0 keycode 69 keusum 0x65 same screen YE XLookupString gives 1 characters e KeuRelease event serial 22 synthetic window 0x400001 root 0x27 subu 0 0 tine 421413506 36 163 root
51. ng an xterm window and manually starting your X11 clients You can try this out by selecting xclock from the Clients menu Notice that it Clients launches without entering anything from a xterm command line Close xclock s window by xclock clicking the box in the upper left hand corner X logo Now in the same way open an xterm window In your xterm type xclock The xclock Add Client client is then launched again this time without Configure Clients using the clients menu Figure 15 The Xtools Client Menu The method you use for launching X11 applications is completely up to you some users find it convenient to list the clients they use most often in the Clients menu and use the command line for those that are used less frequently XTOOLS PREFERENCES THE CLIENT TAB Most of Xtools configuration options are located in the Xtools preferences You can add or edit the clients in your clients menu in the preference s as well The client preferences can be located two ways 1 From the menu choose Preferences When the preferences panel opens select the Clients tab Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Getting Started With X11 Clients 23 24 USING X11 CLIENTS Getting Started With X11 Clients n 2 By selecting configure or add client s from the Clients menu If you choose add the panel is brought up with a sheet over it prompting you to
52. ning in OS X The fact that Xtools rootless window manager is Aqua like adds continuity to your user experience by displaying windows that look and perform just like the windows in any other Mac OS X Aqua application 1 When running in rootless mode the dock will prevent windows from being displayed below the top of the dock line Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Xtools Window Managers 33 WINDOW MANAGERS Xtools Window Managers Xtools Clients Edi Window Mon 11 33 AM Figure 21 Rootless Aqua style Manager On the rootless desktop you also have the option of copying and pasting between Xtools applications and Mac OS X applications Minimizing an X11 application window in this rootless Aqua theme will send it to the dock as if it were any other Aqua application Xtools also includes two standard X Window System window managers and a dedicated full screen X Window desktop for those users who would rather have a more X11 like Windowing environment The two window managers included with Xtools are twm Tab Window Manager a k a Tom s Window Manager and mwm Motif Window Manager The following sections will assist you in using these included window managers You can copy and paste between Aqua and X11 apps regardless of windows mode 2 You must use a window manager i e mwm or twm with the dedicated X11 desktop the default Aqua style manager does not run on a dedicated screen 34 Xto
53. nly type in the BOLD text Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Using Xtools as a Font Server 45 ADVANCED FEATURES NENNEN Connecting to a Font Server Now add the following to your xinitrc file as well if x usr X11R6 bin xfs then SConsoleMessage Launching Font Server usr X11 R6 bin xfs amp fi If you look at the second line you will see how we use the SConsoleMessage function to print to the console If we wanted to have the console output say Welcome to Xtools the syntax would be SConsoleMessage Welcome to Xtools If you have decided that you don t want to print console messages leave the second line of the above code out of your xinitrc file By default xfs listens on TCP port 7100 for remote font service requests For compatibility with X11R6 based X terminals and servers requesting font service you may optionally start xfs to listen on TCP port 7000 usr X11R6 bin xfs port 7000 amp When you are finished save your xinitrc file and restart Xtools for the changes to take effect CONNECTING TO A FONT SERVER If you need access to fonts that are located on another machine that is running a font server you can do one of two things to access them 46 Connecting to a Font Server Xtools X Window Server User s Guide ADVANCED FEATURES Connecting to a Font Server 1 Add the following line to your xinitrc file xset fp tcp hostname port number of the remote font server e g xset fp tc
54. ns will compile out of the box for Mac OS X with little or no modifications to the source code Occasionally you will have to edit the Makefiles for these projects and edit some compiler or linking flags Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Installing The Development Tools 59 X11 DEVELOPMENT Porting X Applications To Mac OS X make 0 gt 2 I cal include I usr X11R6 include L usr X11 R6 lib 1X11 4 mercury Downloads samples af Figure 34 Compiling an X11 Client SOME IMPORTANT ISSUES One major issue with porting UNIX applications to the Darwin Mac OS X platform is that Darwin does not support the UNIX standard API for using dynamic library loading in applications If you are attempting to compile an application that requires this feature you may receive some errors during running the configure script described below or during the actual compilation of the program While running the configure script you may receive an error complaining that it could not find the file dlfen h Also during compilation you may get an error from the linker that says it could not find 1 the dynamic linker library Fortunately a wrapper library has been written to provide this functionality for Mac OS X It s called dlcompat and can be downloaded from the following URL http fink sourceforge net files dlcompat 20010123 tar gz This library was written by Christoph Pfisterer Upon compilin
55. o 49 Uninstalling 5 Keyboard Mapping 52 Via Command Line _ 52 Via rogo S 53 Finding a Keysym _ 54 Automating the task 55 OpenGL 57 X11 Development 59 Installing The Development Tools 59 Porting X Applications Mac 59 Some Important Issues 60 Running configure 61 Compiler Issues 61 Building Shared Libraries 61 ATI Header Files v 63 Linking To The X11 Libraries 64 Example X11 Makefile 64 Appendix 69 Xtools X Window Server User s Manual 3 TABLE CONTENTS Contents Getting 1 69 Tenon Website 2 69 The Xtools Bulletin Board 69 E mail Technical Support 69 Cals e 69 Tl Setting Up the ssh Environment on Your Local Machine 71 Quick Start 4 71 Testing remote clients under Xtools 72 Make it easy to
56. oad is approximately 21M You should also check this page for updates to the Xtools package 2 Inorder to download from Apple s site you must first sign up for an Apple iTools account if you don t already have one then log in to your account and mount and open your iDisk The path to the Xtools installer is Software Mac OS X Software Software Library Utilities Xtools dmg You must open the dmg file in OS X with disk copy which will mount an Xtools disk image Inside the image there will be an Xtools package installer From that point the installation instructions are the same as if you had downloaded the package from our web site Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide System Requirements 9 1 10 GETTING STARTED Installation purposes Your information will not be shared with anyone outside of Tenon Intersystems Once the form is complete click submit and you will be taken to our Xtools download page Double click on the most current Xtools installer to begin downloading When the download is complete a compressed archive will appear on your desktop or in your designated download folder If you do not see the package right away click once on the desktop and it should appear Double click the archive to decompress the Xtools installer eoe L Xtools Read First rtf Xtools 1 0 3 pkg XtoolsSSH pkg X11Clients Figure 2 The Xtools Install Package THE XTOOLS INSTALLER PACKAGE You should no
57. oard Mapping Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide ADVANCED FEATURES Keyboard Mapping Here is one more example of using xmodmap to alter the behavior of the keyboard xmodmap e keysym Delete Backspace In this case the delete key is re mapped to a Backspace In some applications the functionality of the delete and backspace keys is different making a change necessary VIA TEXT FILE The other way you can alter the keyboard mapping is with the use of a keymap file This file should be created or copied to your usr X11R6 xinit folder and is most often but not necessarily named xmodmaprc We say not necessarily because it will work regardless of its name although it is good to stick with convention The following when added to a text file and invoked by xmodmap will swap your caps lock and control keys remove Lock Caps Lock remove Control Control keysym Control L Caps Lock keysym Caps Lock Control add Lock Caps Lock add Control Control L Paste this in to your xmodmaprc file and save it You can now apply it with the following command xmodmap xmodmaprc Although this doesn t seem very useful on a Macintosh keyboard it is a nice example of what xmodmap can do Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Keyboard Mapping 53 54 ADVANCED FEATURES Keyboard Mapping You can completely remap your entire keyboard to work with any foreign language fonts or set ups necessary Frequent
58. ols Window Managers Xtools X Window Server User s Guide NAVIGATING THE X11 DESKTOP WITH This section contains a brief discussion of basic mouse and window operations WINDOW MANAGERS Xtools Window Managers MWM AND TWM applicable to any window manager and then shows you how to navigate the Motif and Tab desktops Tab Window Manager and Motif Window Manager contain sophisticated point and click desktop operations that are important to explore UsiNG THE MOUSE As you move the mouse the pointer on your X11 desktop the cursor moves correspondingly Whenever this section tells you to point to something it simply means move the mouse until the pointer on your screen is positioned over the something POINTER SHAPES The location of the pointer can cause the shape of the pointer to change For example when the pointer is directly over the root window the backdrop behind all windows the pointer has an arrow shape When you point to the inside of a terminal window the pointer changes to an shape Different pointer shapes are shown in the picture below al x k X Pointing Working Resizing Moving Figure 22 X11 Window Manager Pointers SELECTING A WINDOW Before a window can receive keyboard input it must be selected as the active window To select a window point to any part of the window and click the select button on the mouse The select button is you
59. ons you will need to first allow xhost access from remote hosts You can enable this by opening your preferences panel to the server tab and clicking the box in front of Allow xhost access from all remote machines You will see a warning underneath that that allowing this access is unsecure If you are working on an intranet or on something that doesn t require a high level of security this may be a viable way of transferring data for you If you are working on something that requires a high level of security you may want to consider using secure shell You can disable xhost access at anytime by un checking the box in the preferences 30 Making Remote Connections Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide USING X11 CLIENTS Making Remote Connections 7 OOO Preferences Display Server Input Clients License Run startup script when Xtools starts Script location xinitrc Browse Using scripts you can start X11 clients automatically _ Allow xhost access from all remote machines Allowing unrestricted xhost access can compromise security XDM allows you to login to a remote host and start an X11 session when Xtools starts up v Use XDM to start a remote session requires restart XDM Server 192 168 1 101 When running an XDM session from a remote server the Window Manager configuration and the Clients menu are deactivated Figure 19 Allowing xhost Access EXECUTING XHOST
60. ot authorized to connect to Server Error Can t open display quebert tenon com 0 0 1 Exit 1 netscape Figure 20 Authorization Error when Connecting to a Remote host THE DISPLAY OPERATIVE After you have xhost set with the access privileges you desire you need to log into the remote host and set its DISPLAY location This will allow the clients you run on a remote machine to be displayed on your local display You can do this in two ways If you have access to the remote machine you can physically go to the machine open a terminal window and type the command Stephie set DISPLAY IP address of Xtools machine 0 You will want to leave out the s You also have the option of telneting into the machine from your Xtools machine and setting the display from your Xtools xterm window with the same command Depending on what shell you are using the syntax for changing the display variable may be different The syntax above works with Xtools default TC shell If you were using the BASH shell the syntax would be Stephie export DISPLAY address of Xtools machine 0 0 You will want to leave out the s again and the s are optional If you are using a shell other than the standard TC shell or BASH you may need to do a little Making Remote Connections Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide USING X11 CLIENTS Making Remote Connections research or contact your system administrator to
61. our Dock 13 Downloading 9 Features 7 First 13 82 Xtools X Window Server User Guide
62. p grape tenon com 7100 2 Add tep hostname port number of the remote font server to the font path specified in your tcshrc file Xtools will also allow you to specify a font path on the command line If you need help setting up a tcshrc file please refer to appendix C F x xinitrc 3 bin sh 2 Below are the commands for adding font server to Xtools font path xset fp tcp grape tenon com 7100 xset fp rehash Figure 29 Example of adding a font server to your font path Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Connecting to a Font Server 47 ADVANCED FEATURES Setting up the Root User Once you set this up you will need to restart Xtools if you added the commands to either of your configuration files or if you typed the commands into the command line simply type in the following command xset fp rehash for Xtools to reload the fonts Remember if you typed in the commands through the command line the changes will disappear when you quit Xtools Also to find out what port your font server is running on you can use the command ps ax grep xfs SETTING UP THE ROOT USER Xtools uses the Mac OS X system root account You do not necessarily need to enable the root user or be logged in as root in order to issue commands as root The command sudo will allow you to issue commands as a root user without having to switch logins You can only execute this command as an Admin user though so m
63. pdate 12 Installation Xtools X Window Server User Guide GETTING STARTED Adding Xtools to your Dock ADDING XTOOLS TO YOUR DOCK P d B B B Hd Hd JH Ho 3H do H Hd Hd d d d d For quick and convenient access to your applications you can add them to OS X s dock Adding an application to the dock is similar to putting an alias to one of your Mac OS classic applications on your classic desktop To add Xtools to your dock simply locate the Xtools application in the Applications folder of your OS X system disk drag its icon over the dock and let go you will see the other icons on the dock move over to make room for the new icon Xtools Figure 5 Adding Xtools to Your Dock You can place the icons in any order you like by dragging them to different locations in the dock and you can remove the Xtools icon from the dock by dragging its icon to your desktop A FIRST LOOK AT XTOOLS Petr dH UH B NU d Hd H Hd H Hd H d d d B B dB To launch Xtools double click its icon If you are launching Xtools from the dock you will only need to click once Xtools will display a progress bar as it is starting up When it is finished the first thing you will notice is the only thing that appears to be different from your OS X desktop is the menubar across the top of the screen About Xtools ENTERING YOUR LICENSE N
64. put Clients License SSH Rootless Display Mode Dedicated Full Screen Background Color _ 1 X11 Display on second screen only requires restart Window Manager Aqua Style Manager Set Tab Window Manager Motif Window Manager Drag window managers into Enlightenment your preferred order The Aqua Style Manager can GNOME only be used in rootless mode Edit Add Figure 10 The Xtools Display Preferences The Display tab contains all the options for selecting a Window manager and choosing between a rootless display or a rooted display You can add window managers to the default list or edit the pre existing window managers here This is also where you can designate whether you want Xtools to be displayed on the second screen only in a dual monitor system Note the text beside the list of available window managers The Aqua Style Manager can only be used in rootless mode The Aqua Style Manager option will be grayed out if you choose the Dedicated Full Screen option Window Manager options are grey out when they are active X windows programs running 18 The Display Tab Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide PREFERENCES GLANCE The Server Tab THE SERVER TAB Display Server Input Clients License SSH Run startup script when Xtools starts Script location Xinitrc Using scripts you can start X11 clients automatically _ Allow xhost acce
65. r is Apple s version which does seem to have problems with some code and will not be able to process some macros In this case you can tell the compiler to use the standard pre processor by giving it the traditional cpp flag BUILDING SHARED LIBRARIES Most open source packages do not automatically know how to build shared libraries out of the box on Darwin This is do to the fact that Darwin does not use the UNIX standard API for dynamic library loading in applications Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Porting X Applications To Mac OS X 61 62 X11 DEVELOPMENT Porting X Applications To Mac OS X In order to create shared libraries on Mac OS X you will need to use the utility called libtool that is included with the Mac OS X Development Tools supplied by apple This utility is located in the usr bin directory You will most likely have to edit the Makefile that is created inside the source tree directory and add an entry similar to the following libsomething so OBJECTS usr bin libtool dynamic undefined suppress o 4 S OBJECTS lec dynamic The above statement creates a target called libsomething so and depends on S OBJECTS The S OBJECTS variable may be called something else in the Makefile like OBJS You will need to find the target for the static library and use the variable specified there You will also need to add some arguments to the compiler flags variable in the Makefile usually called CFLAG
66. r mouse button or the left button on a three button mouse A window frame changes appearance when the window is active When you type the characters appear in the active window Keyboard input is directed to the window containing the cursor If no window is active or if the cursor is on the X11 desktop everything you type is lost If the cursor is not in the window to which you want input directed input will be lost or transmitted to another window containing the cursor Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide Xtools Window Managers WINDOW MANAGERS USING MWM AND TWM WITH XTOOLS In Xtools you can work with twm and mwm in either rootless or dedicated mode In rootless mode twm or mwm will take over the look of your windows and cursors but will leave your Aqua desktop visible in the background Xtools Clients Edit Window Help Mon 11 33 AM piano principles proxuange xkberint xkbvleds xkbuatch xlogo xlsatons xd xisclients xvininfo xlsfonts 5 Exit 1 airport amp Figure 23 Rootless Motif Window Manager In dedicated mode Xtools will create its own desktop which will fill your screen If you switch to a different application while in full screen mode it will automatically hide Xtools so you can use your Aqua desktop and any other OS X applications SELECTING YOUR WINDOW MANAGER 1 Goto your Xtools menu an
67. sired X applications can also be made to execute locally under OS X XTOOLS SERVER ARCHITECTURE Xtools uses a modern multi threaded architecture to take advantage of multi processor machines The DISPLAY mechanisms are loosely connected to the underlying X11 engine resulting in faster response times for user interaction and better integration into the Macintosh user experience An window manager e g twm mwm is optional and can be replaced by an Aqua controlled window style Clients connect to the X11 server using TCP IP sockets either from the local machine or the network Encrypted connections via ssh are also supported Figure 1 Xtools Architecture Xtools Server Executable Window Manager XSYSTEM Thread DISPLAY Thread optional Event Queue Event Queue XFree86 Code Base AquaWM X11R6 Sysem for Rootless X11 System i Locking e Aqua Locking COCOA Libraries X Window Framebuffer Core Graphics Quartz Imaging X11 Socket Communication 6 About Xtools Xtools X Window Server User Guide INTRODUCTION XTOOLS About the X Window System WHAT FEATURES ARE INCLUDED IN XTOOLS 6 4 based XFree86 e Hardware accelerated OpenGL Rootless X windows on the Aqua desktop Full screen dedicated rooted X display Multiple screen support and paste from X windows 3 button mouse support e Full suite of X11 programming libraries Fullsuite of X11 displa
68. ss from all remote machines Allowing unrestricted xhost access can compromise security XDM allows you to login to a remote host and start an X11 session when Xtools starts up Use to start a remote session requires restart XDM Server 192 168 1 101 When running an XDM session from a remote server the Window Manager configuration and the Clients menu are deactivated Figure 11 The Xtools Server Preferences The Server tab contains options for customizing your server to perform a combination of three specific functions First is the Run startup script when Xtools starts option Xtools uses a startup script or xinitrc file as they are more often called in the X11 world to automatically launch clients and perform customization operations when Xtools starts up This is a very convenient feature if you find yourself constantly repeating processes Checking the box next to this feature will also activate the Edit start up script option in the Edit menu of Xtools When you click the box for the first time and choose Edit start up script Xtools will open a sample xinitrc file in TextEdit You can use this example as a starting point for customizing your xinitrc file to suit your needs There are instructions throughout this manual for adding more advanced commands to your xinitre file The next item in the Xtools Server tab is the Allow xhost access from all remote hosts option You only want to enable this box
69. t Server Server Opens Xtools Preferences Preferences License Enter your Xtools license Hide Xtools Hide Others Show All 3H Hides Xtools Application Hide all other open applications Show all other open applications Quits the Xtools application Quit Xtools Q Window Close Window w Minimize Window 36M Closes front most window Sends front most xterm window to the Dock Selectable list of currently open windows Figure 8 Road Map to Xtools Menus For more information as well as specific instructions for using the items in the Xtools Applications and Edit menus please refer to the following chapters Xtools X Window Server User s Manual A First Look at Xtools 15 GETTING STARTED A First Look at Xtools QUITTING XTOOLS You can quit Xtools like just about any other Macintosh application by selecting the Quit option from the Xtools menu or holding the command apple key and typing a eL gr you have no applications running Xtools will quit uneventfully If you are quitting Xtools while you have any X clients running Xtools will bring up a message telling you how many clients are running and ask for confirmation before quitting r Do you want to quit Xtools 4 Shutting down Xtools will also quit 4 running X clients Cw enm Figure 9 Quitting Xtools 1 Xtools has an option for setting the
70. t in the makefile The xsample target we have specified is dependant on the file xsample c to be residing in the current directory If make cannot findthe source file then it will error out to the terminal Upon verifying that the source sample exists it will execute the command s we specify for our target xsample xsample c CC o xsample xsample c CFLAGS S INCLUDES S LIBS Example X11 Makefile Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide X11 DEVELOPMENT Example X11 Makefile When executing the specified commands make automatically fills in the variables with what is specified elsewhere in the Makefile The xsample target above when executed by make will actually look like this in the terminal cc o xsample xsample c O2 I usr local include I usr X11R6 include L usr local lib L usr X11R6 lib 1X11 IXext IXpm End Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Example X11 Makefile 67 X11 DEVELOPMENT Example X11 68 Example X11 Makefile Xtools X Window Server User s Guide APPENDIX Getting Help If you encounter a problem or would like more information about some particular X11 client etc there are several resources for you to to get help TENON WEBSITE We often list updates ported applications new documentation Xtools news and other useful information on our site You can access it at http www tenon com THE XTOOLS BULLETIN BOARD We have set up an online bulletin
71. thorization At the bottom of the window there is a button with a picture of a lock on it with the caption Click the lock to make changes Click that button and it will prompt you to enter your user name and password Enter this information and click Install Xtools Authorization tin to L ers 4 You need administrator password to make F changes using Installer Name Stephie Password f Cancel OK Authenticating f Close Figure 3 Entering Your Administrator Password Once you enter your administration information you can continue installing the Xtools software by clicking continue in the Welcome to Xtools window The next step is to select the volume you d like Xtools to be installed on to Xtools needs to be installed onto the same drive as your OS X System If you have multiple drives or multiple partitions make sure you select the drive that OS X is currently running on Select the drive s icon and click continue 1 You must enter the user name and password of an account with administrator privileges in order to install this software If you don t have administrator access to your system you will need the user name and password of whomever does By default OS X will log in the original user created when the system was first set up This user is automatically given administrator privileges Xtools X Window Server User s Manual Installation 1
72. to a remote host and start an X11 session when Xtools starts up v Use XDM to start a remote session requires restart XDM Server 192 168 1 101 When running an XDM session from a remote server the Window Manager configuration and the Clients menu are deactivated Figure 30 Connecting to a remote host through XDM You should also notice a message below this text field that says When running an XDM session from a remote server the Window Manager configuration and the Clients menu are deactivated This is because you will be using the remote server s configuration for those items You cannot run xdm and use local X11 apps concurrantly 3 When you have filled in all the required information close your Xtools preferences 4 Restart Xtools Changes will only take place once you quit and relaunch Xtools Caution If you enter an invalid server name Xtools will not start up properly you will be forced to re enter the information and restart Xtools again X Display Manager xdm Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide ADVANCED FEATURES Uninstalling xtools Once you have restarted Xtools with the correct server information Xtools will present you with a login window for security authentication The name of the remote host machine will appear in the window title grape tenon com Login Stephie Password eeeeee Figure 31 The XDM Login Window Enter your user name and password for the remote host This will complet
73. tware These functions are provided on every OpenGL implementation to make application written with OpenGL easily portable between platforms Geometric primitives points lines and polygons ShadingRGBA and other index modeTexture mappingViewing and modeling transformationsLightingZ Bufferings Atmospheric Effects fog smoke haze AntialiasingPixel Operations Storing transforming mapping zooming Stencil PlanesDisplay list or immediate mode Accumulation BufferAlpha Blending transparency Polynomial Evaluatorsraster primitives bitmaps and pixel rectangles Feedback Selection and picking Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide OpenGL 57 ADVANCED FEATURES OpenGL Grab File Edit Capture Window Help blender Purchase i Tools or X 2001 and you could M W rl for the upcoming Macros GUT Atlanta Demo Francisco Costerence amp Expo m Already unng one of our products and headed to Macy us in the Special Interest Area Boog We re pleased to Server Xtools for Figure 33 Xtools running multiple OpenGL applications Xtools allows you to create modify compile and run X Window based OpenGL applications by seamlessly meshing with Apple s OpenGL implementation Because Apple s OpenGL implementation currently supports hardware acceleration on systems with RAGE II RAGE Pro RAGE 128 and Radeon video cards Xtools provides graphics acceleration for those machines as well Included in the default Xtools installation are al
74. uMBER Preferences The first thing you will want to do if you have already purchased ide your copy of Xtools is to enter your permanent license number Hide Others Show All Xtools comes with a built in fourteen day full license if you elect to 1 The Xtools application will still be located in your Applications folder by dragging it to the dock you are just creating a link to that application The Xtools application can be moved anywhere on your system disk 2 By default Xtools launches in rootless mode this allows for the simultaneous execution of both X and Aqua based applications We will explore this further in the next chapter 3 Side Image Figure 6 The Xtools Menu Xtools X Window Server User s Manual Adding Xtools to your Dock 13 14 GETTING STARTED A First Look at Xtools wait until this license expires you will be prompted to enter your license number upon launching Xtools on the fifteenth day or thereafter If a valid license number is not entered at that time Xtools will automatically quit You can resume using Xtools upon obtaining and entering a valid license number from Tenon It will not be necessary to re install Xtools To enter your registration number go to the Xtools menu and choose license This will automatically open your preferences panels to the License section Click the Edit Registration button and a sheet will pull down like the image below Enter your
75. ument followed directly by the name of the library which to link to For example to tell the compiler to link to libX11 a you would give add IX11 to the compiler s linking options This can also be set in a Makefile by creating a variable such as LDFLAGS LDFLAGS IX11 EXAMPLE X11 MAKEFILE The following section presents an example Makefile for a theoretical X application and then dissects and explains the relevant X11 portions This section assumes that the reader has basic knowledge of how to create their own Makefiles The comment sections of the Makefile will explain in detail each variable 64 Linking To The X11 Libraries Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide X11 DEVELOPMENT Example X11 Makefile Example Makefile For An X11 Application The compiler command This can either be cc or gcc on your system The Apple default install names it cc Compiler flags This is where you would place any optimizer options etc If you find that the pre processor is having trouble with certain Macros such as in the GTK libraries you will have to add traditional cpp to this line Also this is where you would add fPIC and dynamic if you were creating dynamic libraries Check the documentation for the compiler for more useful options CFLAGS 2 Now we tell the compiler where it can find the include files By default it looks in usr include Any extra libraries you install yourself will mor
76. ur ways to go about using them First is the easiest way You can cd to your usr local bin directory and execute all ssh commands from there and then switch to your usr local man directory to read the manual pages I m sure you ll find this fairly inconvinent as you will be switching between those two directories as well as your default or home directories often The second way is a lot of typing You can stay in your default or home directory and type the full path name along with each ssh command like so Stephie usr local bin ssh keygen Stephie usr local bin ssh agent Stephie usr local man man ssh agent Stephie usr local man man ssh keygen etc Also not exactly convinent and cumbersome to type Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide 75 APPENDIX C 76 The third method is a temporary fix In an xterm you can set up your environment to allow you to just type in the commands without changing directories or paths To do this type the following two commands into an xterm window Stephie setenv PATH SPATH usr local bin Stephie setenv MANPATH Users lt the name of account you are currently logged in as gt man usr local share man usr share man usr local man For example if I were logged in as user Stephie the command type for the MANPATH would be Stephie setenv MANPATH Users Stephie man usr local share man usr share man usr local man The a
77. w have a disk image on your desktop named Xtools or if you installing from a CD these instructions refer to the top level of the CD The download is the full Xtools product with a built in temporary license Instructions for entering your permanent license are covered on page 2 5 of this manual There is a possibility that when your download is complete Internet Explorer will attempt to launch your Classic environment to run Stuffit Expander To avoid errors that may occur during decompression cancel Classic s launch To Decompress the package double click the Xtools dmg gz file s icon to launch OS X s version of Stuffit Expander Alternatly you can manually open Stuffit Expander by locating it in your Utilities folder System Disk Applications Utilities and double clicking its icon You can then select File Expand and choose the Xtools dmg gz file from the desktop Once the package is decompressed double click the resulting Disk image file to mount it on your desktop Installation Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide GETTING STARTED Installation Inside the Xtools image or CD is a text file with Xtools release notes the Xtools install package the Xtools SSH package and a folder with some double click able X11 applications We recommend looking through the release notes before you install To install the Xtools software double click the Xtools pkg file s icon An installation window will come up asking you for au
78. without giving the password RSA authentication is much more secure than rhosts authentication The most convenient way to use RSA authentication may be with and authentication agent we ll discuss ssh agents later in the chapter If other authentication methods fail ssh prompts the user for a password The password is sent to the remote host for checking however since all communications are encrypted the password cannot be seen by someone listening on the network You can read the full document by typing the following in your terminal window Stephie 6 usr local man man ssh keygen If you have ssh set up to require a password with login you won t be able to use the clients menu to launch those clients you will need to go through the command line because there will be no prompt available to enter your password This is why it is highly recommended that you set up SSH to use the RSA keys with a passphrase you can enter for verification Refer to Appendix B for a quick start guide to setting up your ssh environment Making Remote Connections Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide USING X11 CLIENTS Making Remote Connections LOCATING YOUR SSH COMMANDS Unless you ve moved them elsewhere your SSH commands are probably located in your usr local bin folder this can vary depending on your SSH installation usr local bin ssh keygen usr local bin ssh add usr local bin ssh usr local bin ssh agent XTOOLS SSH AGENT
79. wo lines to your xinitrc file xset fp directory Xtools X Window Server User s Guide Installing Fonts 43 ADVANCED FEATURES Using Xtools as a Font Server 44 And then have Xtools re scan for available fonts with the command xset fp rehash If you d rather you can define your fontpath a tcshrc file as per the instructions in Appendix C You can also call the two commands directly on the command line in an xterm If you choose to do it this way the changes will be lost when you close Xtools and you will need to repeat them each time you open Xtools Either way save the file xinitrc or tcshrc and use the mkfontdir command to create the dir files for the new fonts mkfontdir directory names For more information about mkfontdir refer to it s man page If you ve set your font path using either the tcshrc or xinitrc files you will need to restart Xtools for the changes to take effect If you ve set your font path through the command line the fonts should be available to you immediately USING XTOOLS AS A FONT SERVER The xfs program is a font server that runs on your Xtools system and provides fonts to other network based X terminals and servers xfs has many configuration options which are described in detail in the xfs man page In most environments xfs will run using the default configuration Perform the following steps to run the font server 1 As the root user start the xfs program
80. y function Release Restart the mouse button Exit Figure 26 The twm Root Menu Your mouse will then turn into a little black circle Click once on any open window The Iconify function causes the window to turn into a little icon at the bottom of your screen Step 2 Restore the Window to its Original Size Double click on the icon created in Step 1 The window is restored to its original size SUMMARY OF TWM ROOT MENU FUNCTIONS To do this Choose Shrink the window to its icon representation Iconify Change the size of a window Resize Move a window Move Send a window to the back or bottom of the window Lower stack the position closest to the root window Xtools X Window Server 5 Guide Xtools Window Managers 41 42 WINDOW MANAGERS Xtools Window Managers To do this Choose Bring a window to the front or top of the window Raise stack the position furthest from the root window Make a window the active window Focus Deactivate a window Unfocus Show a list of all open windows icons Hide a list of all open windows icons Show Iconmgr Hide Iconmgr Open an Xterm window Xterm Immediately close an active window client process Kill Delete something in a window Delete Restart the X11 server Restart Exit twm Exit TWM TiTLE BAR BUTTONS The twm Maximize and Minimize menu functions also have analogs in the title bar of every twm menu round button is displayed
81. y into the X Window System xdm has many configuration options which are described in detail in the xdm manual page This section will concentrate on configuring Xtools to be controlled by xdm CONFIGURING XTOOLS TO START XDM Because of Mac OS X s built in login screen Xtools will only allow you to run a remote xdm session This is because Xtools assumes the user has logged in to the OS X machine and been allowed access to Xtools prior to launching the application a second login in this case is redundant To use xdm with Xtools you need to enable the option in Xtools preferences 1 Open Xtools preferences panel by choosing File gt gt Preferences In the preferences window click on the Server tab at the top of the window 2 At the bottom of the Server preferences window is a check box that says Use XDM to start a remote session requires restart Check this box and enter the remote server s IP address or DNS name in the box below it Xtools X Window Server User s Guide X Display Manager xdm 49 50 ADVANCED FEATURES X Display Manager COO Preferences Display Server Input Clients License ssu v Run startup script when Xtools starts Script location xinitre Browse Using scripts you can start X11 clients automatically 3 Allow xhost access from all remote machines Allowing unrestricted xhost access can compromise security XDM allows you to login
82. y libraries and X extensions e Secure Shell for launching X applications Multiple Window Managers including a Motif Window Manager e Almost 1000 fonts including CDE fonts Full color support including True Color Color Database Pseudo Color and Visuals Optimized for Velocity Engine and Multiple Processors Multithreaded Cocoa application using Quartz APIs ABOUT THE X WINDOW SYSTEM LE E dE d B d B d d B BH d B d BH B d B 8H dH Hd Hd H Hd d H H Hdo H d d Ho dH gg The X Window System or X is a network transparent graphics window system developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology X is based on a client server model where an application program the client communicates information to a display program the server which then outputs the information to a bitmapped screen The server directs user input typically from a keyboard or mouse to the client program for interpretation X allows multiple clients to run simultaneously each 1 Note that in the case of X the standard client server terminology has been reversed something that causes lots of confusion So while Xtools is an X Window Server it is actually a software application that runs on your Aqua desktop the client machine Xtools X Window Server User s Manual About the X Window System 7 INTRODUCTION TO XTOOLS About the X Window System displayed in a separate overlapping window
83. ysym Caps Lock instead of the above When you are finished editing your xinitrc file make sure to save it and restart Xtools If you open your Mac OS X console during start up you should see the commands you just entered being executed If at any time you want Xtools to stop executing these commands on start up simply delete them from your xinitrc file and restart Xtools 56 Keyboard Mapping Xtools X Window Server User 5 Guide ADVANCED FEATURES OpenGL OPENGL OpenGL by Silicon graphics is the premier 3D graphics library that allows software developers the ability to develop high quality interactive graphics application OpenGL is an operating system independent industry standard interface for three dimensional color graphics programming It is typically used in engineering visualization simulation and other graphics intensive applications It is the how of 3D publishing OpenGL provides a wide range of graphics functions from rendering a simple geometric point line or filled polygon to texture mapping NURBS curved surfaces The OpenGL functions described are provided on every OpenGL implementation to make application written with OpenGL easily portable between platforms licensed OpenGL implementations are required to pass the Conformance Tests and come from a single specification and language binding document OpenGL can perform a wide range of functions that will enhance the development of all graphics sof

XTOOLS X WINDOW SERVER USER`S GUIDE

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents