FlowTracker User`s Manual (English)
Contents
1. The following settings are available in the Setup Parameters menu e Units English or Metric untts for display of all data Avg Time the length of data collection for each measurement 10 to 1000 seconds Mode data collection mode as Discharge Section 2 or General Section 3 QC Settings settings for automatic review of quality control data 21 6 1 Discharge Settings settings for discharge calculation 1 6 2 Salinity water salinity in ppt used for sound speed calculations o In salt water install a zinc anode for corrosion protection available from SonTek YSI e Language operating language for FlowTracker firmware e Mounting Correction the percent correction 1f any applied to velocity data 1 3 2 1 6 1 QC Settings Setup Parameters lt 4 gt Sma Qc The QC Settings menu sets quality control criteria Discharge or General mode 5 1 Press 1 to set the SNR Threshold Press 2 to set the oV Threshold Press 3 to set the Spike Threshold Press 4 to set Max Velocity Angle 1 6 2 Discharge Settings Setup Parameters lt 5 gt The Discharge Settings menu specifies settings for discharge calculation e Press 1 to set the discharge Equation 2 1 Mid Section Mean Section or Japanese e Press 2 to toggle Repeat Depth 2 1 between YES NO o Normally used only with the Japanese discharge equation e Press 3 to toggle Repeat Velocity 2 1 between YES NO o Normally used only with the J2. _ Volume Probe 2 Coordinate System Figure 4 FlowTracker Probe Orientation Relative to Stream Flow FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 3 SonTek YSI Figure 5 FlowTracker XYZ Coordinate Systems 1 3 2 Mounting Correction Laboratory tow tank tests have indicated the FlowTracker probe and mount create flow distur bances that may have a small impact appoximately 1 0 on measured velocity data The mount is most commonly a top setting wading rod using an S or J offset bracket Figure 3 Additional tests and modeling have looked at whether flowing water shows the same flow disturbance effect seen in a tow tank where the FlowTracker is towed through a pool of stationary water Several independent agencies participated in the review of the test data collected Some concluded there is not enough data to support applying the correction to typical streamflow measurements while others concluded that a correction for flow disturbance should be applied At present no consen sus has been reached on the best way to address this issue for field data collection By default no correction for flow disturbance is applied to FlowTracker data If you are using a standard top setting wading rod and have decided to apply a correction SonTek typically re commends using a correction of 1 0 This correction must be applied in both firmware and software to ensure consistent treatment of all data For additional information about
3. lt 10 of total samples Ideally 20 Typical criteria Ideally 5 Maximum 1040 SonTek YSI Table 5 2 QC VVarning Messages QC Criteria Suggested Action LowSNR None SNR 4dB e Improve SNR 5 2 Threshold beams is gt SNR Threshold One second SNR data varies more than expected during a SNR Variation measurement May indicate underwater interference or a highly aerated environment SNR more than SNR Threshold SNR Change J SNR different previous measure reshold ments major change in mea surement conditions OV oV Threshold adjusted based on previous data and High cV oV Threshold measured velocity May indi cate interference or a highly turbulent environment High Angle High Q Suspect Depth Value SNR Difference in SNR for any 2 Spikes gt Spike Threshold per cent of samples May indicate poor measurement conditions Spike Thre shold Angle gt Max Velocity Angle May only indicate non ideal measurement environment Q gt Max Section Discharge Station contains a large portion of the total discharge Station depth differs from adja cent stations by more than Max Depth Change This may in dicate a data entry problem Spacing between stations has changed by more than Max Lo cation Change This may in dicate a data entry problem Station location out of se quence or outside river edge This may indicate a data entry problem Max Velocity Angle Max Sec
4. 5 1 Quality Control QC Parameters Expected Values Boundary QC SNR is the most important QC parameter e t measures the strength of the acoustic reflection from particles in the water e Without sufficient SNR the FlowTracker cannot measure velocity oV standard error of velocity 1s a direct measure of the accuracy of velocity data e t includes the effects of turbulence in the river and in strument uncertainty Spikes in FlowTracker velocity data are removed using a spike filter e Some spikes are common and no cause for concern e Too many spikes indicate a problem in the measure ment environment e g interference from underwater obstacles or highly aerated water Angle is the direction of the measured velocity relative to the FlowTracker X axis e Used for discharge measurements only e A good site should have small velocity angles e Large angles may be unavoidable at some sites Q is the percentage of the total discharge in a single measurement station e Most agencies have criteria for the maximum Q Boundary QC evaluates the measurement environment for interference from underwater obstacles e FAIR or POOR results may indicate significant interfe rence from an underwater obstacle FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 BEST or GOOD 27 Ideally gt 10 dB Minimum 5 4 dB Typically 0 01 m s 0 03 ft s Higher in turbulent environment Typically 5 of total samples Should be
5. Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel OW W W W W W W Wy W PEN x x x gt a 49 Dep Dep Dep lt 1 Area Area Edge Calculations Starting Ending Internal Island Open Water Calculations i edge station Loc Dep Station Width W Loc 2 j adjacent station with velocity Loc Dep Vel Station Area Area W Dep Edge Width W Loc Loc 2 Station Velocity Vel Edge Area Area W Dep Station Discharge Q Area Vel Edge Correction Factor CF Edge Velocity Vel CF Vel Edge Discharge Q Area Vel Total Discharge Sum Q Figure 7 Discharge Measurement Mid Section Equation FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 9 SonTek YSI 2 1 2 Mean Section Discharge Equation The Mean Section discharge equation Figure 8 uses the same data collection procedure as the Mid Section equation 32 1 1 but differs in the details of how discharge is calculated It is de scribed in ISO standards 748 1997 and 9196 1992 Discharge Measurement Mean Section Equation Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel W WS WS W W W W W W W W W A A A A A A A A Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Dep Area Areas Area Area L Area CNN Area Area
6. largest individual source of uncertainty is also shown The FlowTracker software program shows both uncertainty calculations and the contribution of each parameter to the overall uncertainty A complete description of the discharge uncertainty calculations can be found in the FlowTracker Technical Manual FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI 2 2 Discharge Data Collection Procedure This section outlines a typical procedure when collecting data in the Discharge Mode The actual sequence of steps may vary based on your application Table 2 2 lists the items shown on the display screen during data collection Table 2 2 Data Collection Display Items nglish M ft s m s ft s ft ft Measurement depth e Fractional depth is first e g 0 6 indicates 0 6 depth 0 6 0 32 down from the surface ft e Actual depth in parenthesis 1s second This is referenced from the bottom up and includes the effect of ice 1f present V mis m e ft s dB v fus ms NEN EM EM zi 2 t Mean station velocity 2 1 4 ft s Station discharge as percent of either rated or measured dis charge based on the discharge Reference value Number of spikes removed from mean 5 1 RS 2 C un e The following steps describe the data collection sequence when in Discharge Mode Run pre deployment diagnostics before taking the instrument to the field 1 9 Check Setup Parameter
7. Area Area Area Area Edge Calculations Open Water Calculations Starting edge second edge of internal island Station Width W Loc Loc Q W Area 0 0 Station Area Area Ending edge first edge of internal island W Dep Dep 2 1 edge station Loc Mean Station Velocity MeanV Edge Width W Loc Loc Vel Vel 2 Edge Area Area W Dep 2 Station Discharge Q Edge Correction Factor CF Area MeanV Edge Velocity Vel CF Vel Mean Edge Velocity MeanV Vel Vel 2 Total Discharge Sum Q Edge Discharge Q Area Vel Figure 8 Discharge Measurement Mean Section Equation 100 FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI 2 1 3 Japanese Discharge Equation The Japanese discharge equation Figure 9 includes several modifications to the data collection procedures described earlier 2 1 1 2 1 2 Velocity is only measured at every second station Depth for each station 1s recorded twice the mean value 1s used for discharge calculations Each velocity measurement is repeated twice the mean 1s used for discharge calculations Discharge Measurement Japanese Equation Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Vel Vel Area Area 7 3 Are a 7 Are do Width area and discharge are calculated only for stations that include a velocity measurement Station Widt
8. Screen Details General Mode Stations Total number of stations including edges Site Siten me 6060 7 _ Operator Operator name J Minimum Y velocity o o fis ms VzMin Minimum Z velocity if presen fis m s fts ms Maximum Y velocity o fs ms Vz Max Maximum Z velocity if present fis ms ile Meansig lo norse oV Mean standard error of velocity 5 1 7 fis ms Mean vvater temperature F Cc FlowTracker Users Manual March 2009 21 SonTek YSI 220 FlowTracker Users Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Section 4 FlovvTracker VVindovvs Softvvare The FlowTracker software 1s intended to be self explanatory The software can be found on the CD included with the system or downloaded from the Son Tek YSI website at www sontek com Additional documentation is available in the software and the FlowTracker Technical Manual To install the FlowTracker software on your computer e nsert the distribution CD in your computer e Aninstallation menu should automatically appear after the CD has been inserted e Click the FlowTracker Software Installation button and follow the instructions e FlovvTracker software is compatible with Windows 2000 and XP The FlowTracker software serves several functions e Download data files using Recorder o Connect the FlowTracker to a COM port on your computer and click Connect e Export da
9. SonTek YSI 9940 Summers Ridge Road San Diego CA 92121 3091 USA Telephone 858 546 8327 e Fax 858 546 8150 E mail inquiry sontek com e Internet http www sontek com S onlek YSI incorporated FlowTracker Handheld ADV User s Manual Firmware Version 3 7 featuring Smart Copyright 2009 by Son Tek YSI All rights reserved This document may not in whole or in part be copied photocopied reproduced translated or reduced to any electronic medium or Machine readable form without prior consent in writing from SonTek Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this manual However SonTek makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose SonTek shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this manual or the examples herein The information in this document is subject to change without notice P N 6054 60051 D SonTek YSI WARRANTY TERMS AND CONDITIONS Thank you for purchasing a SonTek YSI FlowTracker The instrument was thoroughly tested at the factory and found to be in excellent working condition If the shipping crate appears dam aged or if the system 1s not operating properly please contact SonTek YSI immediately The system you have purchased is covered under a one year limited warranty that extends to al
10. Table 2 3 b Press Prev Station from any file summary screen to view the station data scroll through all station data using the Next Station and Prev Station keys 18 Press 0 to return to the main menu IMPORTANT Return to the Main Menu before turning the system off to save all data To cedo 44 2534 Gs F Dai seges 1 O Exit or Enter More la Sy e OOO cae qe Duces d ess bb r p Ee EE r bon S otare il oz DD acl iesbedaue 5 4 000 Change 0 100 ft O Exit or Enter More Label RatedQ TotalQ Q Uncertainty OM Wine rj m y 5 5 6 H EE ou Oe Num Stat ons O Exit or Enter More Depth Mean 2 77 ft Devon Wes s ite 5 1 7 Bi More mak 565072 IMO Mode D scharqe O 0 077 7 O Exit or Enter More Total number of stations including edges Maximum station velocity Mean velocity equals discharge area Num Stations 27 den 1 42 ine lt O s O Exit or Enter More SNR Mean 16 5 dB oy Meena ie OS Em Temperature 61 2 F OSES Or mul Site Poudre River FC Operator Billy Bob O Exit or Enter More Table 2 3 Data Review Screen Details Metric Units m s m ft t t S Toalaea ooo S f _ Mean Depth Maximum station depth MeanSNR Mean signal to noise ratio 551 1 dB First and last gauge height values and the m Height Change difference between the two 1 8 Sie SSitenime o Operator Operator name FlowTracker Users M
11. anual March 2009 0077 1 3 s S C m SonTek YSI 1B FloyyTracker Users Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Section 3 General Mode Operation The General Mode of data collection 1s for applications that need a series of current measure ments at different locations but do not require a discharge calculation The following parameters are recorded with each measurement none are required Station number automatically generated Two location variables L1 and L2 Water depth Dep Measurement depth MDep This section outlines a typical procedure when collecting data in the General Mode the sequence of steps you use may vary based on your application Table 3 1 lists the items shown on the dis play screens during data collection Table 3 1 Data Collection Display Screen Details General Mode Station number o Location value j feim L2 Location value 2 j ft m Dep Watrdeph o j ft m MDep_ Measurement depth ft m Vx X velocity component ts Vy Y velocity component ts SNA Signalo noise ratio QmanofalmesweryiR 0 dB lap Time Time remaining in average o CNT 31 8 Spikes Number of spikes edited from mean 51 Bnd Boundary QC value 65 Number of points collected may differ from averaging time 1f Ab ort key used The following steps describe the data collection sequence when in General Mode Run pre deployment diagnostics before taking the
12. apanese discharge equation Press 4 to set Max Section Discharge 5 1 Press 5 to set Max Depth Change 5 1 Press 6 to set Max Location Change 5 1 Press 7 to set the discharge Reference value o Section discharge Q is calculated from either the Rated or Measured discharge e Press 8 to select the Methods Displayed o The FlowTracker supports several methods to determine mean velocity 2 1 4 o This selects methods for display when using the Method and Method keys e Press 9 to select set the discharge Uncertainty calculation 2 1 5 o Two method of uncertainty calculation are supported ISO and Statistical FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI 1 7 System Functions Menu Main Menu lt 2 gt The System Functions screens are shown below Press Enter to switch between screens To change settings press the number shown l View Data File 4 Temperature Data 7 Auto QC Test 2 Recorder Status Ss IEE y Dawa 85 ne oni 10 3 Format Recorder 6 Raw Velocity Data 9 Set System Clock O Exit or Enter More O Exit or Enter More O Exit or Enter More The following settings are available in the System Functions menu e View Data File display data from an already completed file e Recorder Status display number of recorded files and remaining space e Format Recorder erase all files on recorder e Temperature Data display data from FlowTracker temperature sensor e Battery Data display battery v
13. be sure debris has not caught on the probe e Verify the FlowTracker mounting is stable e Consider any possible environmental influences particularly flow interference from under water structures or obstacles e Consider the measurement environment Highly turbulent or highly aerated water will great ly affect FlowTracker operation e Consider the orientation of the probe with respect to the flow direction to be sure the probe is not causing flow interference in the sampling volume 1 3 e Run BeamCheck 4 1 this can address all aspects of FlowTracker operation FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 29 SonTek YSI 30 FlowTracker Users Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Appendix A FlowTracker Principles of Operation A 1 Introduction The FlowTracker uses the proven technology of the SonTek YSI Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter ADV from a simple handheld interface ADV technology provides several advantages e Accurate velocity measurements in a remote sampling volume e 2D or 3D velocity measurements depending on probe configuration e nvariant factory calibration no periodic recalibration required e Excellent performance for low and high flows accuracy 1 of measured velocity This appendix presents a general overview of the operating principles the FlowTracker To learn more see the FlowTracker Technical Manual or contact Son Tek YSI A 2 The Doppler Shift The Doppler principle says that if a source of soun
14. d is moving relative to the receiver the fre quency of the sound at the receiver is shifted from the transmit frequency The most common ex ample of this 1s a train whistle the pitch sounds higher when the train is approaching and lower and when the train is moving away The FlowTracker uses the Doppler shift by measuring the change in frequency of sound that 1s reflected off particles in the water A 2 I Bistatic Doppler Current Meters Figure 12 shows the FlowTracker probe a bistatic Doppler current meter e Bistatic means separate acoustic transducers are used for transmitter and receiver e The receivers are mounted to focus at a fixed distance 10 cm 4 1n from the probe e The beam intersection determines the location of the sampling volume Internally Mounted Temperature Sensor Acoustic Acoustic Receiver Transmitter Y Acoustic Receiver Cylindrical Sampling Volume Fixed Distance to 6 mm Diameter Remote Sampling Volume 9 mm Height 10 cm nominal Figure 12 FlowTracker 2D Side Looking Probe and Sampling Volume FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 31 SonTek YSI The FlowTracker measures velocity as follows e The transmitter generates a short pulse of sound at a known frequency e Asthe pulse passes through the sampling volume sound is reflected in all directions by particulate matter sediment small organisms bubbles e The acoustic receivers sample the reflected signal e The FlowTracker measu
15. d outputs the return signal strength for each receiver as a function of time Features in the signal strength profile verify different aspects of system performance Figure 11 The horizontal axis indicates the range from the FlowTracker probe 1n cm The vertical axis is in internal signal strength units called counts 1 count 0 43 dB Ringing from the transmit pulse appears on the left side of the graph The location of the sampling volume 1s 1ndicated by increased signal strength in a bell shaped curve o The sampling volume curve corresponds to the transmit pulse passing through the focal point of the receivers o The peak of this curve corresponds to the center of the sampling volume o The location of the sampling volume varies but is typically 10 12 cm o All receivers 2 or 3 should see the peak in the same location although there will be variation in the height and shape of the curve A sharp spike indicates a boundary reflection if a boundary is within range o If the probe is close to a boundary a sharp reflection should be seen o The size and shape of this reflection will vary depending on the nature of the boundary and its distance from the FlowTracker Signal strength decreases to the electronic noise level past the boundary When using BeamCheck it is important to understand that the output plot will vary considerably because of the nature of acoustic scattering Each of the above items should be visible Figure 11 I
16. e Calculate Disch to view the total discharge TotalQ TotalQ 44 234 cfs for all completed stations right This is a temporary RatedQ 45 000 cfs calculation and does not affect ongoing data collection Dal reren wa dks qs Press Enter It is possible to delete or repeat a station if desired a To delete an existing completed station Use the Next Station and Previous Station keys to scroll to the desired station Press the Delete key when prompted enter 123 to confirm the deletion b To repeat a station First Delete the desired station Enter the location depth and measurement method of the station to be repeated The new station data automatically sorts to the correct position based on location value When all stations are completed press the End Section key a The FlowTracker reviews all data using several quality control criteria 5 1 FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI b When the review is complete the ending edge screen is shown c Next Station and Previous Station can be used to view edit other stations To add new measurements press the Measure key and confirm when prompted that you wish to re open the file and add measurements d When ready press Calculate Disch to complete discharge calculations and close the file 17 After final discharge calculations are complete nine screens of data are available a Press Enter to move between the different display screens below and
17. ecure the battery compartment lid using the six screws e Turn the system on and check the battery voltage level to ensure proper installation To Avoid Draining Batteries When System is Not in Use e Always turn the system off before storing the system e f the system will not be used for more than one month remove the batteries k n Figure 2 FlowTracker Battery Compartment 20 FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI 1 3 Mounting and installation SonTek offers top setting wading rods and mounting brackets for the FlowTracker Figure 3 The probe is mounted from a special adaptor bracket that offsets the probe to one side of the wading rod placing the sampling volume closer to the wading rod The cable from the probe to the handheld controller 1s highly susceptible to electronics noise and should be treated with care In any mounting the cable should be secured to prevent excessive motion or damage Figure 3 SonTek Wading Rod 1 3 1 Probe Orientation During Data Collection Figure 4 shows the proper orientation of the probe for discharge measurements The tag line is installed perpendicular to the primary flow direction The FlowTracker X axis 1s perpendicular to the tag line not in line with the flow the red band which marks receiver arm 1 should face downstream Figure 5 shows the FlowTracker XYZ coordinate system Graduated Tag Line Primary Flow Y 2 Direction x a ap ampling
18. es designed to increase data integrity Some of these features have bounds that can be set by the user while others automatically adapt to the given situation SmartQC refers to the collective ability of all these features towards helping you make a better measurement Specific QA QC features are identified in this manual with the SmartQC symbol FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 1 SonTek YSI 1 2 Battery Povver The FlowTracker uses eight AA batteries alkaline NiMH or NiCad Table 1 1 lists approx imate new battery operating parameters Table 1 1 FlowTracker Battery Types Alkaline NiMH NiCad p New battery voltage 12 0 V 102V 2 V 100V 0V Approximate operating life To check FlowTracker battery level and estimated battery capacity e Press 5 from the System Functions Menu e Battery life estimates are at 20 C 70 F cold weather greatly reduces battery capacity Check battery capacity with the system acclimated to the outside temperature The batteries are accessed from the back of the FlowTracker handheld controller Figure 2 To change the batteries use the following steps Turn the system off Remove the six screws holding the battery compartment lid to the main housing Remove the old batteries from the battery holder Install the new batteries matching the orientation shown on the battery holder o Do not mix old and new batteries o Do not mix different types of batteries e S
19. f no sampling volume peak can be seen try adding some fine dirt or other seeding material and stirring the water to increase the signal strength If the BeamCheck output differs significantly from the sample shown here refer to the FlowTracker Technical Manual for more details about interpreting this data FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 25 SonTek YSI 2600 FlowTracker Users Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Section 5 Quality Control Data SmartGC and Troubleshooting 5 1 Quality Control Data The FlowTracker records quality control QC data with every measurement Table 5 1 QC pa rameters are automatically reviewed with each measurement and at the completion of a discharge cross section If any value exceeds expected criteria a warning 15 given Table 5 2 displays dif ferent QC warning messages and gives guidelines for interpreting these messages All QC re view criteria can be adjusted or disabled 5 1 1 Adjusting Quality Control Criteria SmanQc All quality control criteria can be modified or disabled To access quality control settings e From the Main Menu press 1 for Setup Parameters e From Setup Parameters select 4 for QC Settings 1 6 1 o SNR Threshold oV Threshold Spike Threshold e From Setup Parameters select 5 for Discharge Settings 1 6 2 o Max Section Discharge Max Depth Change Max Location Change Max Velocity Angle To disable any QC criteria set that parameter to a value of 0 Table
20. h W Loc Station Area Area Loc Loc Dep t Dep 2 Loc Loc Dep Dep 2 Station Discharge Q Area Vel Total Discharge sum Q Figure 9 Discharge Measurement Japanese Equation 2 1 4 Determining Mean Station Velocity Discharge Measurement Method The Method specifies how the FlowTracker determines mean velocity at each station involving variations in the number and location of velocity measurements e Table 2 1 describes all Methods supported by the FlowTracker e Select the method using the Method and Method keys e Methods with more than one measurement can be done in either direction from surface to the bottom or from the bottom towards the surface e some Methods will never be used you can specify which methods to display o Press 9 from the Discharge Settings menu 1 6 2 e All depth values are referenced from the water surface down e Effective depth is water depth minus ice depth water surface to bottom of ice or slush FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Table 2 1 FlowTracker Mean Velocity Methods Method Measurement Locations Mean Velocity Equation 0 6 0 6 depth 0 2 0 8 0 208 0 2 0 8 depth Vasa Vo2 Vos 2 2 99 0 27 0 6 0 8 depth Vian Voa 2 Voe Vos 4 EZ a T awana EZ a EA 0 0 near surface 0 2 0 6 0 8 depth uzu Vo 3 Vo 3 Vo 2 Vogt Vio 10 1 0 nea
21. h for 1 second until the LCD screen turns on e To turn the system off hold the On Off switch for 4 seconds until the LCD screen resets IMPORTANT Return to the Main Menu before turning the system off to ensure all data is properly saved Back Light EJ e This key turns the LCD backlight on off the backlight turns off after 1 minute Letters A Z e These keys are used to enter text for the filename and for comments in the file e Text entry is done in the same manner as for mobile phones 1 5 Main Menu When turned on the FlowTracker displays a wake up screen Pressing Enter displays the Main Menu From the Main Menu press the appropriate key to access the desired function e Press 1 for the Setup Parameters Menu see 1 6 Main Menu e Press 2 for the System Functions Menu see 1 7 1 Setup Parameters e Press 3 to start a data run 275 7 ii bi m c eme Data RUN IMPORTANT Return to the Main Menu before turning the system off to ensure all data is properly saved FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 5 SonTek YSI 1 6 Setup Parameters Menu Main Menu lt 1 gt Setup parameters determine how the FlowTracker collects data menu screens shown below Press Enter to switch between screens To change settings press the number shown Umud 7 l 416 7 Language English 2 Avg Time 40 o Discharge Settings 11070 0 e Lola 3 Mode Discharge ool admin n Ou ieu OI s e ip r Sp r e p j ibon Ete d oJ
22. instrument to the field 1 9 Check Setup Parameters From the Main Menu press 3 to Start Data Run specify file name and extension or press Abort or End Section to return to the Main Menu Input site and operator name these are optional values used only to document the data set At any point press QC Menu to access a variety of special functions 1 8 You are prompted to conduct an automatic QC test 1 7 1 SmartQe a Press 1 to run the automatic QC test and follow on screen instructions b Press 2 to skip the test and begin data collection 8 Station information will be displayed right a Press Set Location to set location 1 L1 and location 2 L2 values b Press Set Depth to set water depth Dep sil n c Press Set Meas Depth to set measurement depth MDep L1 0 00 Des 0 00 d When the probe is located at the desired station press L2 0 00 MDep 0 00 Measure to start data collection ON S OUO LO FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 19 SonTek YSI 9 When the station is complete a summary of velocity and quality control data 1s shown right a Press 1 to accept the measurement and move on to the next station b Press 2 to repeat the measurement using the same station number VE 5770 Spikes 1 Accept 10000007 1257077 Ersin emin Z Repeat 10 When a measurement is accepted the FlowTracker displays the next station Repeat Steps 6 thr
23. is 1s the default calculation as it provides the most reliable indicator of measurement qualtiy e The ISO method is based on the international standard It provides users with the results of a published standard technique however in many cases this calculation may not provide a reliable indicator of data quality see FlowTracker Technical Manual Tor details The uncertainty calculations are based on several different parameters In addition to overall un certainty the FlowTracker also looks at the contribution of each parameter e Accuracy the accuracy of FlowTracker velocity this is generally negligible e Depth o In the Statistical calculation this term includes both uncertainty in the depth measure ment and the effect of changes in depth between stations o In the ISO calculation this term includes only the uncertainty in depth measurements FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 13 SonTek YSI e Velocity o In the Statistical calculation this term includes both uncertainty in the velocity mea surement and the effect of changes in velocity between stations o In the ISO calculation this term includes only the uncertainty in velocity measurements e Width o Estimated uncertainty in width measurements e Method Discharge measurement method 2 1 4 o Use for the ISO method only e Number of stations o Use for the ISO method only In the FlowTracker real time display uncertainty 1s shown with the calculated discharge the
24. l parts and labor for any malfunction due to workmanship or errors in the manufacturing process The warranty does not cover shortcomings that are due to the design nor does it cover any form of incidental damage as a result of errors in the measurements If your system is not functioning properly first try to identify the source of the problem If addi tional support is required we encourage you to contact us immediately and we will work to re solve the problem as quickly as possible If the system needs to be returned to the factory please contact SonTek YSI to obtain a Return Merchandise Authorization RMA number We reserve the right to refuse receipt of shipments without RMAs We require the system to be shipped back in the original shipping container us ing the original packing material with all delivery costs covered by the customer including all taxes and duties If the system 1s returned without appropriate packing the customer will be re quired to cover the cost of a new packaging crate and material CONTACT INFORMATION Any questions concerns or suggestions can be directed to SonTek by telephone fax or email Business hours are 8 00 a m to 5 00 p m Pacific Standard Time Monday through Friday Phone 858 546 8327 Fax 858 546 8150 Email inquiry sontek com General information sales sontek com Sales information support sontek com Support information Web http vvvvvv sontek com See our web
25. me used for each measurement Display Raw Velocity Data Run and record an additional Auto QC Test 1 7 1 FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 7 SonTek YSI 1 9 Pre Deployment Diagnostics simple diagnostic procedures are provided to verify system operation BeamCheck requires an external computer Other procedures require only a few minutes and can be performed in the field from the keypad interface These should be performed before each data run BeamCheck e BeamCheck lets you evaluate all aspects of system performance and should be run before an extended field trip about once per week e Using BeamCheck for the first time will require about 30 minutes experienced users should need about 5 minutes e The system must be connected to an external PC BeamCheck details are described in 4 1 Field diagnostics e Recorder Status 2 in System Functions Menu o Check available space download data and format the recorder as needed e Temperature Data 4 in System Functions Menu o Check temperature data to be sure it is reasonable for the environment Battery Data 5 in System Functions Menu o Expected life from new batteries 20 C 70 F cold weather reduces capacity Alkaline 25 hours NiMH 15 hours NiCad 7 hours Raw Velocity Data 6 in System Functions Menu o Place the probe in the area to be measured o SNR data should ideally be above 10 dB but at least 4 dB o Velocity data should appear reasonable for the e
26. nvironment e System Clock 9 in System Functions Menu o Verify the clock is correctly set Bo FlowTracker Users Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Section 2 Discharge Measurements Discharge Mode is for applications where the primary goal is to measure river stream discharge Section 2 1 describes the measurement methodology and discharge calculations Section 2 2 de scribes how to make discharge measurements with the FlowTracker 2 1 Discharge Calculation Equation The basic procedure for making a discharge measurement follows e A graduated tag line is strung across the river e Ateach station the operator records the station location and water depth and takes velocity measurements at one or more depths to determine the mean velocity e The probe s X axis is maintained perpendicular to the tag line Figure 4 o Only the X component of velocity Vx 1s used for discharge calculation The FlowTracker supports the following equations for calculating discharge Mid Section equa tion 2 1 1 Mean Section equation 82 1 2 and the Japanese equation 2 1 3 2 1 1 Mid Section Discharge Equation The Mid Section discharge equation Figure 7 is the default and the most commonly used This method is used by the U S Geological Survey USGS and is described in ISO standards 748 1997 and 9196 1992 Discharge Measurement Mid Section Equation Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Loc Vel Vel Vel Vel Vel
27. oltage and remaining battery life o Battery capacity estimates are based on voltage and are only approximate o Cold weather reduces battery capacity check batteries after the system has acclimated to outside temperatures e Raw Velocity Data display raw velocity and SNR data to verify basic system operation o Press ENTER to stop data display e Auto QC Test an automatic test to verify system operation 1 7 1 e Show Config display system serial number probe type and firmware version e Set System Clock set and change internal FlowTracker clock 1 7 1 Automatic QC Test smartQt The Auto QC Test is an automated version of the BeamCheck software 4 1 e Place the probe in moving water away from underwater obstacles Data collection and analysis takes 30 seconds e f any warnings are issued you are given an option to repeat the test o We recommend repeating the test once after first checking that the probe and sampling volume are well away from any underwater obstacles o If multiple warnings are received run BeamCheck from a PC 4 1 to evaluate Flow Tracker performance in more detail 1 8 QC Menu SmanQC The QC Menu is available during data collection for the following functions e Input supplemental data o Each record includes gauge height rated flow a time stamp and user comments Modify QC Settings 1 6 1 Modify Discharge Settings 1 6 2 Discharge mode only Change the averaging time Avg Ti
28. ough 9 to add additional stations 11 Use the Prev Next Station keys to scroll through completed stations Three screens below are available for each completed station press Enter to scroll through the screens STA Lom 35 L1 4 00 Dis AS JE 0 5 8 5g MDep 1 50 Press Enter For More MB SE Sg 250 Mee eed VOROS Npts 40 Press Enter For More uu Li 5 SNR 14 5 H L O DP Spikes Press Enter For More 12 When all stations are done press End Section to close the file and view summary data a Press Enter to move between the file summary screens below and Table 3 2 b Press Prev Station from any file summary screen to view station data scroll through all station data using the Next Station and Prev Station keys Q ma l o j So Mode General Oj 333 11 O Exit or Enter More 1005 0070705 Vy Mean 0 08 ft s OSES Of Iulio 20 When done press 0 to exit and return to the main menu Return to the Main Menu before turning the system off to ensure all data has been saved Ste Poudre River FC Operator Billy Bob O Exit or Enter More Vor mss Way Ium LO S OSL Que Bin ie SNR Mean 16 5 dB ov Mean O 05 IJ S Temperature 63 2 F Ou iui eu Hoe Pale Pp o j 5 100 Num ez p ono 19 USE Of p hb or 11 Woe bes 1653 1678 Vy Max 0 34 ft s U Huruu r En Eer gue FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Table 3 2 Summary Display
29. pi 15 Section 3 General Mode DEC asini Abu a a 19 section 4 FlowTracker Windows Software 23 dl U1029009000 DO em dal a dasi 24 Section 5 Quality Control Data SmartQC and Troubleshooting 27 2 0 b 27 35 1 1 Adj st ne ALI Control Criteria alaba aaa x aydaa 27 7 71 K XX uM 29 5 3 Velocity Data Appears Noisy or Unreasonable 29 Appendix A FlowTracker Principles of Operation 31 FlowTrackerUsers Manual March 2009 B SonTek YSI 1115 FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Section 1 Getting Started Operational Overvievv 1 1 System Components Handheld LCD Screen Controller Probe Cable Beypad Flow Tracker Probe External Power Communications Connector Figure 1 FlowTracker with 2D Probe Figure 1 shows the FlowTracker with all major components labeled e Probe The probe contains the acoustic elements used to measure velocity See the Flow Tracker Principles of Operation for more information e Handheld controller The controller is designed to withstand temporary submersion but is not intended for underwater operation The battery compartment is on the back Smartt The FlowTracker has several QA QC featur
30. r bottom Any number of points at user f ES specified depths Integrated velocity average Figure 10 No velocity measurement Vine CPU V dae V mean Vinput Input V User input velocit You can enter an estimated velocity when velocity i d measurements are not possible e g due to weed growth along a river bank 5 Point 5 Point There are a few special cases to consider Method None e Method None is used in two different situations o No measurement is possible and velocity 1s estimated from adjacent station s o To specify the banks of an internal island for a multiple channel river e Ifa single Method None station 15 recorded it is assumed that no measurement was possible o Velocity for this station 1s based on adjacent station s multiplied by the user specified correction factor CF for this station The default CF 1s 1 00 e If two Method None stations are recorded together they are assumed to represent an internal island and discharge is calculated accordingly Method Multi Pt e This allows you to make any number of velocity measurements o Manually enter the measurement depth using the Set Meas Depth key Measurement depth should indicate the distance above the bottom o When all measurements are done press End Section or Abort to complete the station e The mean velocity is calculated by integrating all velocity measurements Figure 10 o If multiple measurements are made at the same measurement depth the
31. res the change in frequency Doppler shift for each receiver A 2 2 Beam Geometry and 3D Velocity Measurements A single transmit receive pair measures the projection of the water velocity onto the bistatic axis The bistatic axis 1s halfway between the transmit and receive beam axes e The FlowTracker uses one transmitter and two or three receivers for 2D or 3D probes e Bistatic velocities are converted to Cartesian X YZ velocities using the probe geometry the relative angles of transmit and receive beams e Probe geometry is precisely determined by a calibration procedure e The calibration only needs to be performed once no periodic re calibration is required A 3 FlowTracker Data The FlowTracker provides several important performance advantages e tcan measure 2D or 3D water velocities from 0 0001 to 4 0 m s 0 0003 to 13 ft s e Velocity data 15 accurate to 1 of the measured velocity in a one second sample e Velocity data can be used immediately without any post processing corrections e The FlowTracker calibration will not change unless the probe is physically damaged The following describes the basic FlowTracker sampling strategy e One velocity sample is recorded each second e Velocity data are collected at each measurement location over the user specified time Raw one second velocity mean velocity and quality control data are recorded e Forriver discharge measurements the FlowTracker combines velocity data
32. s From the Main Menu press 3 to Start Data Run specify file name and extension or press Abort or End Section to return to the Main Menu Enter site and operator name these are optional values used only to document the data set At any point press QC Menu to access a variety of special functions 1 8 You are prompted to conduct an automatic QC test 1 7 1 Smart a Press 1 to run the automatic QC test and follow on screen instructions b Press 2 to skip the test and begin data collection 8 Starting edge information will be displayed right a Press Set Location to set starting edge location Loc Starting Edge b Press Set Depth to set starting edge water depth Dep toc 1 00 Dep 0 50 c Press Corr Factor to set any required correction factor LEW cm 106 CF see 2 1 4 Press Next Station Joun d urb FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 15 SonTek YSI 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 d Press LEW REW to toggle the starting edge of water left or right e When complete press Next Station to continue station information will be displayed right Loc 2 00 a Press Set Location to set station location Loc I 0 600 547 b Press Set Depth to set water depth Dep Dep 1 35 c Use Method and Method to select the method used for Enter More velocity at that station 82 1 4 When all values are specified and the probe is in position press Measure When the station is complete a
33. se measurements are averaged prior to the velocity integration 42 0 FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI Multiple Point Mean Velocity Integration Surface Surface Mid and Mean Section Integration Japanese Equation Integration None V V ctas Vi V Yas y 10 Vig 12 V boton 60 7 V 1 6 power law Vau 1 2 V linear velocity change Figure 10 Multiple Point Mean Velocity Integration Correction Factor CF e CFisauser supplied parameter used to scale the station velocity e CF is most commonly used at edges internal islands and other Method None stations o The default CF value is 1 00 o Any value from 1 00 to 1 00 except 0 0 1s allowed e The CF can be input for any station and mean velocity will be multiplied by the CF o One possible use is near the edges in very narrow streams the orientation of the Flow Tracker probe can be reversed 180 to allow measurement closer to the edge o A CF of 1 00 should be input to correct the FlowTracker X velocity e ncorrect use of this parameter will affect the final discharge measurement 2 1 5 Discharge Uncertainty Calculation smart The FlowTracker estimates the uncertainty of every discharge measurement This calculation can be done using two different ways Statistical or ISO e The Statistical abbreviated Stats uncertainty calculation uses a method developed by re searchers at the U S Geological Survery th
34. site for information concerning new products and software firmware upgrades BO FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI TABLE OF CONTENTS WARNANITY TERMS AND CONDITIONS ii CONTSCTINTORS ATEN u ik kid io DA anii M SR S dai ina D AA iU NA d RR a ii Section 1 Getting Started Operational Overview 1 Le S K CO II L xocal 1 La 100 PONOT anas 2 1 3 1 3 1 Probe Orientation During Data Collection 3 007555 r uuu 4 P 0 cc cd 2 PEN Dan rm a 2 Lo Setup Parameters Ment Main Ment amp abba abba arenas 6 LOL C nef nos CD Foramen cts aa Pb bM SEDIS Ernani anioi 6 LO Discharge Parameters OX r d ban nasi 6 1 7 System Functions Menu Main Menu lt 2 gt 7 EP o coa T b 7 VU an n f lo G Kuu 8 Section 2 Luenarge MOSSUPODICHIS u u ku uu sus aman nda 9 2 9 2 1 1 Mid Section Discharge 9 2 12 0000 pa a 10 Plo 3055100000 a sbb 11 2 1 4 Determining Mean Station Velocity Discharge Measurement Method 1 2 17 0 O rere eared eddie TT 13 1701071 in PCO IS Ra lama Dal lad
35. submerged and there is a boundary surface side or bottom within view o Ideally the boundary should be placed 20 30 cm 8 12 in from the probe o You may need to add a small amount of fine dirt or other seeding material and stir the bucket well for good test conditions Regular tap water usually does not have enough scatterers seeding for a valid test Connect the FlowTracker to the PC and turn the system on Run the FlowTracker software click Start Programs SonTek Software FlowTracker Click Connect Select BeamCheck on the left side of the screen now o Click Start o Click Record to save all data to a file Typically a minimum of 20 pings is required for proper data analysis o Click Averaging to average multiple pings together e Figure 11 shows a sample output screen Beam Check Cis Work s Working Manuals BLA S ker Figures new Sampler T bine Fle Edit view Beams Playback Options y l Pausa B 0 Ping Moise courts Fesk Pos cm Peak Level counts speed 33 33 46 12 54 123 Pings Avenged 47 1224 121 Fiz 33 FlowTracker 1106 B T2006 2 12 44 PM Averaged 33 pings 250 250 Start Record Averaging Button Button Button m Ringing Sampling Boundary ix Volume Reflection Ampliude counts Figure 11 BeamCheck Sample Output Screen 24 C FlowTracker Users Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI In BeamCheck the FlowTracker sends a pulse of sound an
36. summary of velocity and quality control data is shown right Vel 2 25 oV 0 04 a Data are automatically reviewed using several quality xac 5 SIM 1 1 control criteria 5 1 If any data are outside expected Spikes 0 Bnd BEST values a warning is issued l Accept 2 Repeat b The values represent the mean over the entire averaging period after removing any spikes c Press 1 to accept the measurement and move on to the next measurement d Press 2 to repeat the measurement using the same station number If there is more than one measurement at a station e g method 0 2 0 8 the system proceeds to the next measurement in the series e g 0 5 a With Multi Pt the FlowTracker allows any number of measurements for each station b When the last measurement 1s complete press End Section or Abort to end that station When a station is completed the FlowTracker displays the next station Repeat Steps 9 through 12 to add additional stations Between stations you can use Next Prev Station to scroll through completed stations a Stations are sorted based on location and displayed in that order b Four screens are available for completed stations press Enter to scroll through screens LOG 2 100 endi LOE 0 0277175 Npts 40 0 6 0 54 Deon does 1510 Enter More NAG 5 Enter More Scion l hoe TOO eni jJ P 00 SONR 415 Bs trs md 6550102727 75 oV 0 04 Bnd BEST Sun 2250676 Spikes 0 Enter More 50 4 5 Enter More c Us
37. ta files and generate reports using Open a FlowTracker File o Select data export options using Program Settings o Several outputs are available HTML Report A formatted report for easy viewing and printing ASCII Discharge File DIS Final results in a form that is easy to integrate with data base utilities ASCII Summary File SUM Summary velocity and quality control data from all measurements ASCII Raw Data File DAT Raw one second velocity and SNR data ASCII Control File CTL System configuration data o Output formats should be self explanatory and include optional column headers e Export data files and generate reports for multiple files using Open Many FlowTracker Files Folders e Detailed system diagnostic procedures using BeamCheck o BeamCheck is a module used to evaluate all aspects of system operation 84 1 o Connect the FlowTracker to a COM port on your computer and click Connect FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 23 SonTek YSI 4 1 Diagnostic Softvvare BeamCheck BeamCheck Figure 11 1s a diagnostic program that is used to verify FlowTracker performance This 1s the same diagnostic program used at SonTek it provides you with a powerful tool for un derstanding and verifying system performance We recommend you become familiar with this software and use it on a regular basis To run BeamCheck e Hold the FlowTracker in a bucket of water or a natural environment such that the probe 1s
38. the flow dis turbance effect contact SonTek directly To apply a flow disturbance correction set the Mounting Correction from the Setup Parameters 1 6 menu You must specify the same mounting correction value in software from the Program Settings dialog to ensure the correction is applied to processed data No Correction e With the default setting of No Correction the FlowTracker velocity data 1s used directly without any correction for flow disturbance Custom Correction e This 1s selected when you want to apply a correction to account for flow disturbance from the FlowTracker mount With this option you must specify the value of the Mounting Correction within the range 5 to 5 e When applied the most common value for a standard top setting wading rod is 1 0 A 1 0 correction means that measured velocity data is increased by 1 0 to account for the effect of flow disturbance from the wading rod e For additional details or if using a non standard mounting system contact SonTek 11 wT racker Users Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI 1 4 Keypad 2 ABO 4 GHI s JKL pars 8 TUV Figure 6 FlowTracker Keypad Figure 6 shows the FlowTracker keypad Many keys serve multiple functions the use of a few special keys 1s described below Special keypad overlays are available in each language sup ported by the FlowTracker to translated key functions On Off 9 e To turn the system on hold the On Off switc
39. tion Discharge Max Depth Change Max Location Change Suspect Loca tion Value Location Out of Order Location Out side Edge Boundary QC is FAIR or POOR Indicates possible interference from underwater obstacles Bad Boundary QC 28 e Look for underwater obstacles repeat measurement e Check probe operation 54 1 e 1 ook for underwater obstacles repeat measurement e Look for environmental sources e g aerated water e ook for underwater obstacles or other changes in river condition e Repeat measurement e ook for underwater obstacles or a change in conditions e Consider real turbulence levels in river e Repeat measurement e Look for underwater obstacles or unusual conditions e g aerated water e Repeat measurement e Consider if measured angle 1s realistic e Repeat measurement if needed e Consider adding more stations e Verify station depth value e Re enter if needed e Verify station location value e Re enter if needed e Verify station location value e Re enter if needed e Consider re locating probe and repeating test e Measurement can proceed if re sults are consistent FlowTracker User s Manual March 2009 SonTek YSI 5 2 Seeding If velocity data appears noisy the most common cause 1s low SNR a lack of scattering materi al in the water Visual inspection is not an acceptable method for determining the amount of particles in the
40. water and no simple relationship exists with turbidity If you are unsure as to whether a stream 1s too clear for a FlowTracker simply place it in the water to check the SNR values See the FlowTracker Principles of Operation for details about how why the FlowTracker uses scattering material for velocity measurements If SNR is too low x 4 dB the FlowTracker cannot accurately measure velocity In most field applications there is sufficient scattering material naturally present Large laboratory tanks may have low SNR To check requirements use the Raw Velocity Data from the handheld interface 1 7 o Ideally SNR 10 dB o At a minimum SNR 4 dB In the field seeding can be introduced by stirring the bottom e g walking across the river up stream In some situations seeding material will need to be introduced A practical seeding ma terial is lime or pulverized limestone Large bags are inexpensive and readily available from most hardware stores the material 1s mixed with water prior to adding A note of caution re peated addition of lime may gradually increase the pH in a tank 5 3 Velocity Data Appears Noisy or Unreasonable If the velocity data from the FlowTracker does not appear reasonable the following list may help establish the source of the problem e Low SNR is the most common problem See 5 2 and the FlowTracker Principles of Opera tion for details about seeding requirements e Inspect the FlowTracker to
41. with station location water depth and other data to determine total discharge in real time A 4 Quality Control Data smartQ In addition to velocity the FlowTracker records a variety of quality control data with each mea surement station to quickly evaluate the quality of velocity data 5 1 Standard Error of Velocity Signal to Noise Ratio SNR Spike Filtering Flow Angle Boundary Adjustment 399 FlowTracker Users Manual March 2009
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