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1. After inflating the tires to the correct pressure the Registering Wheel Sensor ID Code After any service that moves the wheel from its original position on the vehicle the use of a TPMS ID code registering device is required to re establish communication between the wheel sensor and the TPMS control module Such a device triggers the sensor to transmit an ID code signal to the TPMS control module so it can recognize the vehicle must be driven to 20 mph or more The warning light sensor and identify its location will go off after afew minutes if the pressure is now correct This does not apply if you are simply removing the wheel for tire service brake work or any other under car procedure As long as you put the wheel back in Its original position theT PMS warning light will not illuminate The recommended Subaru TPMS ID code registering tool J 45295 is available through your local N E W Horizons Dealer or online at http subaru spx com Diagnostics Although the TPMS warning light does not indicate which tire is low or what the system problem might be diagnostic trouble codes can be retrieved from the vehicle s system to pinpoint the problem TheT PM S diagnostic trouble codes listed below can help you identify where the fault lies Contents of Diagnosis 11 FL air pressure decrease 12 FR air pressure decrease 13 RR air pressure decrease 14 RL air pressure decrease 21 No FL transmitter data 22 No FR tran2. _ From now on all new passenger l Keeping an Eye on PSI cars and light trucks sold in the U S will be equipped with tire p pressure monitor systems Here s a look at TPMS in Subaru vehicles and what to do Aie the parning light comes on www endwrench com The End Wrench Recall Enhancement Accountability and Documentation TREAD Act to address the growing concerns regarding several major recalls of defective tires that created dangerous and unsafe driving conditions Much of the focus in the legislation was aimed at the danger of low tire pressure which can cause a number of problems poor braking ability steering control and vehicle stability Consumers simply do not check their tire pressure frequently or adequately and many climate road hazard and difficult driving conditions may cause tire inflation failures So the legislation mandates that tire and vehicle manufacturers help improve overall safety The TREAD Act requires vehicle manufacturers to equip all passenger and light truck vehicles with tire pressure monitor systems TPMS by the 2008 model year These must be capable of alerting the driver if tire pressure falls 25 percent below the recommended psi n 2000 the U S Congress passed the Transportation Indirect and Direct Types of TPMS There are two basic types of TPM S in use today indirect and direct The indirect type uses internal software algorithms in the ABS control modu
3. g F and the outside ambient temperature is much colder add one extra psi for every 10 deg F difference Tire Rotation Tire rotation demands that all tires be re registered with theT PMS control module using an ID code registering tool Aftermarket Tires Changing to tires that are not the same as the originals may or may not affect the operation of the TPMS depending on the pressure range of the tire Logically tires with a lower pressure range than the original tires will set off the TPMS warning light Be sure to re install the TPMS wheel sensors in their original positions or you ll have to reset the system Changing to a Spare Tire W hen removing a flat or damaged road tire with a TPMS wheel sensor and installing a spare tire that is not equipped with TPMS the warning light will illuminate and flash until the original or new road tire is re installed and the ID code is re registered with the T PMS control module Mounting Tires on Wheels Special care must be taken when removing or mounting tires to wheels equipped with TPMS sensors The sensors can be easily damaged or destroyed if direct leverage is applied to the stem or sensor body The air should be bled from the tire the retaining nut removed and the valve pushed into the tire before breaking the tire away from the wheel 10 The End Wrench 1 Transmitter 2 Grommet 3 Nut 4 Wheel H ere s the proper placement of TPM S transmitter senso
4. le to determine when one wheel is rotating faster than the others This may be due to low tire pressures causing the tire to have a smaller working diameter therefore having to turn faster The system accomplishes this by learning the wheel rotation rate and sending a warning when the rate increases W hile this type of TPMS is relatively simple to include because it doesn t require additional components it does have drawbacks Indirect systems can t usually detect a problem when all four tires are equally low which is quite common Some indirect systems can t even determine when both tires on a single axle are low The direct method such as is used on Subaru vehicles has proven far more accurate and reliable Sensors incorporated into the valve stem monitor the inflation pressure and a transponder relays that information to a control module located elsewhere in the vehicle Each sensor has a built in battery to provide power to transmit the signal The control module checks the signals from each wheel and alerts the driver by illuminating a warning light if the pressure in any wheel drops below the safe level Subaru Direct TPMS began appearing on Subaru vehicles during the 2005 model year and has now become standard equipment It s easy to identify a Subaru vehicle equipped withT PMS or to spot tires with T PMS sensors The standard tire placard or decal located on the driver s door pillar will indicate the pressure range f
5. ng light will illuminate and you ll end up replacing the sensor Make sure your customers understand this www endwrench com Sensor Battery Life The tiny integrated lithium battery in the wheel sensor has an estimated life of 10 years or 100 000 miles W hen a sensor battery s voltage gets to the low limit it will cause the control unit to generate a 51 52 53 or 54 diagnostic trouble code depending on which tire it happens to be in Rest assured if one sensor battery is low the others are sure to follow shortly If any tire work is performed as the vehicle nears the 10 year or 100 000 mile mark it would be good preventive maintenance to replace the sensors Wheel Sensor Control Module Communication Warn customers to never place metal objects such as tools or aerosol spray cans under the driver s seat near the TPMS control module as these items may interfere with the signal reception from the wheel sensors Also the valve stem of the wheel sensors serves as the transmitting antenna so don t replace the original valve caps with any other type that may interfere with the signal m 1 Transmitter 2 Turn table rotation direction 3 90 4 Tire changer boom Always follow the instructions for mounting a tire to a wheel with aT PMS transmitter sensor in place August 2007 gt Number 39 11
6. or the tires Below the tire placard another tag indicates if the vehicle is equipped with T PMS Thetire and loading information placard lists the correct tire size and pressure for the vehicle Satan roneehoatios A la orike Gu rikona dene We Wold post RAINA Talumage du voyant angmake de pression des preus Dans ces circonsta augmenter la pression de gonflage des de ipsi 7 kPa pour une baisse de lompiratane de 10 F S C ie vehicula a roul taut atendre que les pneus alert mdi avant de Controler la pression TheT PMS sticker indicates the presence of the system and pressure adjustment information for cold weather Continued on page 8 August 2007 gt Number 39 l 5 A quick peek at the tire will reveal the unique TPMS valve stem that is an integral part of the wheel pressure sensor It has a retaining sleeve nut to secure it in place Beginning with 2008 Subaru models a rubber stemmed TPMS wheel sensor will appear but for 2005 2007 models the gray plastic version applies A tire with TPM S is easy to spot The plastic retaining sleeve is a giveaway How it Works W hen the ignition is turned on theT PMS warning light will illuminate for approximately two seconds while it checks the tires If there is no problem the light will go out If any tires are found to be under inflated the warning light will burn steadily A flashing TPMS warning light 8 l The End Wrench This photo of the direct
7. ostic trouble codes and resetting theT PMS control module is performed by the use of a scan tool such as the Subaru Select Service Monitor III Clearing TPMS Codes Erasing the diagnostic trouble codes DTCs and resetting the control module is accomplished by the use of a sophisticated scan tool such as the Subaru Select M onitor III Because the TPMS diagnostic procedures for each Subaru model may vary and would be too lengthy to include here refer to the specific service manual for the vehicle you are servicing or log onto the Subaru Technical Information System website at http techinfo subaru com This readout on a Subaru Select Monitor shows three TPMS DTCs Front Left tire pressure is low 11 Left Rear tire pressure is low 14 and the vehicle speed signal is not being sent to the control module 61 August 2007 gt Number 39 9 Tire Pressure Monitor Systems 1 Transmitter 2 Nut 3 Wheel 4 Tire 5 Push This diagram shows the correct method of removing theT PMS transmitter sensor prior to breaking the tire away from the wheal Service Notes Here are some tips and hints to remember when servicing vehicles equipped withT PM S Cold Weather A drop in temperature during cold weather will cause tires to deflate as the air inside them contracts This may cause theT PMS warning light to illuminate Adjust the tire pressure accordingly If the tire pressure is adjusted inside a warm shop 60 70 de
8. r i installation fo Note The air should be bled by depressing the valve core The valve core should not be removed from the valve as the use of a special valve core torque tool is required to avoid over tightening the valve which would result in failure of the pressure sensor A new grommet must be used when re installing the sensor to the wheel when mounting a tire Install the transmitter sensor to the wheel by aligning it with the valve hole then tighten the retaining nut to 5 53 ft Ibs 7 5 Nem Tires should always be mounted using an approved tire machine To prevent breaking the sensor trans mitter set the tire changer boom or shovel in the position shown in the diagram on page 11 After filling the tire to the correct pressure install the wheel on the vehicle and register the transmitter ID to the TPMS control module if needed Fillling Tires W hen filling tires the air supply should be clean and dry This is exceptionally critical for TPM S tires aS any sediment or moisture can affect the precision workings of the sensor and transmitting devices Take care to blow off the area around the valve stem to rid the area of dirt If a valve stem does not have a gently blow air into the valve to remove any dirt or dust Aerosol Inflators with Sealant Using a can of aerosol tire inflator with sealant is not an option for TPMS The gummy sealant will clog up the valve and pressure sensing port of the wheel sensor The warni
9. smitter data 23 No RR transmitter data 24 No RL transmitter data 31 FL transmit pres data abnormal 32 FR transmit pres data abnormal 33 RR transmit pres data abnor mal 34 RL transmit pres data abnor mal 41 FL trans function code abnormal 42 FR trans function code abnormal 43 RR trans function code abnormal 44 RL trans function code abnormal 51 FL transmit battery low voltage 52 FR transmit battery low voltage 53 RR transmit battery low voltage 54 RL transmit battery low voltage 61 Vehicle speed is abnormal Front Left tire pressure low Front Right tire pressure low Right Rear tire pressure low Left Rear tire pressure low Data cannot received be from FL sensor Data cannot received be from FR sensor Data cannot received be from RR sensor Data cannot received be from RL sensor FL sensor data contents are abnormal FR sensor data contents are abnormal RR sensor data contents are abnormal RL sensor data contents are abnormal FL function code has error FR function code has error RR function code has error RL function code has error FL transmitter battery voltage is low FR transmitter battery voltage is low RR transmitter battery voltage is low RL transmitter battery voltage is low The vehicle speed signal is not input to control module with the speed more than 25 km h 15 53 mph ATPMS wheel sensor registering tool forces the wheel sensor to transmit a signal to the control module to be recognized 5 Clearing diagn
10. type of TPM S sensor used on Subaru vehicles shows the sensor and transmitting body that is located within the wheel as well as the valve section that protrudes through the wheal every three seconds indicates a problem with the system Mounting a spare tire that is not equipped with a TPMS sensor will also cause the light to flash W hen the vehicle begins to move and the wheels start rotating a centrifugal switch inside the sensor activates the pressure measurement and signal sending functions At about 7 mph the sensor begins taking pressure measurements every 30 seconds and transmits the results once each minute to the control module located under the driver s seat This electronic handshake keeps the wheels in touch with the control module Each wheel sensor has its own unique ID code so the module can recognize it W hen the vehicle is parked and has not moved for fifteen minutes the sensors stop transmitting a signal to prolong the life of the internal sensor battery www endwrench com Tire Pressure Monitor Systems If the tire pressure drops below the minimum setting approximately 27 psi the sensor does not send its signal to the control module The module will then illuminate the warning light The warning light will not however indicate which tire is low so all tires need to be checked with an accurate tire pressure gauge Even though the culprit tire may be visibly evident all other tires must be checked also
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