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1. 19 The Kaypro Column By David Thompson Irs interesting to compare the original Kaypro II and 4 with the new 84 ver sions Of course the new boards run faster 4 MHz vrs 2 5 MHz and they are fancier graphics and all But the new boards have a problem You see the new 84 boards have no buffers on the address and data lines at least not until you get to the SASI win chester interface There 11 inputs hang ing directly on each data line on the orig inal Kaypro 10 and 13 inputs on each line on the new 84 boards with the modem The Z80 was not meant to drive that many inputs A little history on this subject The original 8080 was designed to drive half of one TTL gate so manufacturers made special low drain buffers to hang directly on the outputs of the 8080 The newer 8080A they sold for about 300 each when first released could drive two or three standard TTL gates directly You can still spot those circuit design ers who have been working with sys tems for a while Without fail they ll on ly connect one or two devices directly to the processor s data and address pins and one of the devices will be a buffer Everything else will be tied to the buf fered address and data lines Most buff ers can drive a dozen LS inputs and a Mac Truck without breathing hard When a Z80 output has to drive too many devices the signal rise time gets kinda long When driving one or two de vices a Z80 will pull up t
2. The character ROM comes in two flavors 1 The standard Greek Pro Character has the nicer character set plus the standard Kaypro Greek characters 2 The Clean Pro Character has the nicer character set but no Greek characters This is the ROM for people who get strange Greek characters on the screen when interfacing with Mainframe systems 3 Complete printed instructions for simple plug in installation takes 5 minutes Note These ROMs will not work in the Kaypro 10 or the latest Kaypro 4 with graphics it contains the Kaypro 10 board We are working on new ROMs for these systems Prices Pro Monitor II cc esse cece eee te eeeeeeee ees a ad weg dda baw esadacd E paeuseliees 29 95 Pro Monitor 4 cs0s iis eecctetieik ved tein Jalsa eie Ve aoa Reha y Ueda geet TEENIE speed kak EA a S 29 95 Pro Monitor 8 package seeeeeee eee ee rene cent ee eects e teen Eaa TEENE E E aE 49 95 Pro Character either Greek or Clean PEE EE wks dv OA T Vee we HON Nee ORS 29 95 Pro Set II Pro Monitor II amp Pro Character cece cess eee ence tees cent ee eene ee eeeeeeeeeenns 55 00 Pro Set 4 Pro Monitor 4 amp Pro Character cece cess cece eee ee eee e tees cease eseeenee tenes 55 00 Pro Set 8 Pro Monitor 8 package amp Pro Character ccesee cece eee eee e cece eeeeeene erences 70 00 Micro Cornucopia P O Box 223 Bend OR 97709 503 382 8048 9 5 Pacific Time Monday Friday From
3. LD HL 0 PREP TO CHECK FOR MAX DISK LD A C cP NFLOPPY WINCH RET NC ERROR HL 0 IF DISK TOO BIG LD DISK A REE THE MODIFICATION BEGINS HERE REE 7 INC A REE MOVE TO LOCATION BELOW IF WINCH REE ADD THE FOLLOWING IF CONSTRUCT CP NFLOPPY REE SEE IF DISK IS A FLOPPY JR C SELFL 3 REE YES JUMP TO FLOPPY S ROUTINES LD BC WDPHSIZ REE ITS A HARD DISK LD HL WOPHTAB WDPHSIZ REE MAKE BEGINNING POINTER SUB NFLOPPY REE REMOVE FLOPPY OFFSET JR SDSK1 REE JUMP TO INCREMENT TO THE CORRECT DISK ENDIF REE SELFL LD BC DPHSIZ REE ADD THE LABEL LD HL DPHTAB DPHSIZ SDSK1 INC A REE RELOCATED INSTRUCTION AND ADD LABEL SDSK2 ADD HL BC REE NO CHANGE DEC A JR NZ SDSK2 LD DPHPTR HL STORE POINTER TO DISK S DPH ENTRY BIT 0 E TEST LOG ON VECTOR BIT FOR DRIVE RET NZ EXIT IF DRIVE IS LOGGED ON PUSH HL POP IX BIT 0 IX4 FLAGS TEST DRIVE PRE SELECTED FLAG RET NZ EXIT IF DRIVE FORMAT ALREADY KNOWN CALL FLUSH FINISH ANY DEFERRED DISK OPERATIONS LD A RESERV LD TRACK A SEEK DIRECTORY TRACK FOR FORMAT CHECK i PARAMS IF WINCH LD HL WINSTUFF LD PRMPTR HL SELECT WINCHESTER DISK PARAMS LD A DISK CP NFLOPPY REE JP Z PARM10 REE CHANGE THE JUMP CONDITIONAL TO THIS JP NC PARM10 REE SKIP FLOPPY FORMAT FOR HARD DISK REE LAST CHANGE IN THIS FILE ENDIF XOR A SET SECTOR TO ZERO TO INDICATE LD HSTSEC A EXPLORATORY READ OPERATION PARM1 LD A SIDSEL OFF status port to leave the DATA mode
4. So I tried a different tack On U67 I tied pin 9 to 11 inputs of two sections paralleled cut the ground trace to 11 tied pin 10 output of new section to U63 pin 6 cut trace to pin 6 All leads were on the bottom side of the board Then I removed Q1 R26 1 2K a heavy load for a CMOS and R25 200 ohms Unfortunately the ground trace to U67 pin 11 runs under the socket on the top side of the board You have to remove the socket in order to cut the trace The easiest way to remove the socket is to cut up its plastic body with cutters and then unsolder the pins one at a time Use a straw to blow the solder from the socket holes while you heat them Now use an Exacto knife to cut through the trace in 2 places about inch apart then takea hotiron and push the cut trace off the board After cutting the trace solder in a new solder tail socket Even extra heat doesn t stop it now Harvey DeGering 1245 E Washington Blvd Pasadena CA 91104 Dear Editor I have a BB II which I built up from the bare board I have experienced the two seconds of agony before that first beep and the ecstasy that followed My BB II runs great and I am im pressed with its performance However I need complete system documentation to make full use of BB II s capabilities I have contacted Cal Tex several times concerning documentation and al though I have received the updated schematics there seems to be no system doc
5. UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY UPS 5 200 j 1 95 sa 5 V 8 5 AMPS 12 V 7 2 AMPS 12V 5 AMP 24V 2 AMPS 4A Pk This supply is designed to power entire computer systems with Winchester and floppy disk subsystems as well as providing emergency battery backup capability Designed to meet the needs of single board Winchester systems m 24V 4 5 AH battery pack BP 1 FEATURES High Reliability High Efficiency 75 TYP High Power 200 Watts 25 Khz Switching Frequency inaudible Soft Start Built In Quick Response O V P Cycle By Cycle Fold Back Current Limiting Drop Out Immunity for up to 250 Ms without battery Uninterruptable with addition of BP 1 battery pack 5 Output Voltages FERGUSON ENGINEERING 817 640 0207 _ P O BOX 300085 ARLINGTON TEXAS 76010 BIGBOARD 1 820 1 256K RAM EXPANSION MODULE Now you can add 192K of RAM to your Bigboard 1 or 820 1 ina clean and efficient manner This module can be used as a RAM disk a spooler buffer a disk cache or anything that requires more memory than the basic 64K This module uses none of your precious I O Instead it plugs in to five device sockets below the existing RAM array as a daughter board It adds only 1 2 inch to the overall height of the computer board The interface is accomplished with absolutely NO wires cables or jumpers The interconnect hardware PAL and difficult to obtain discrete components are provided with the bare board kit and tested versio
6. v riled a ta DAILY REPORT t PRODUCTION 3 ats PSSST ECTS TS TESTES se Ree WEEKLY amp REPORTS x 0 bees tabi adele amp MONTHLY YES REPORTS 8 EA 2 5 a v 3 EasyFlow is a program which helps you to produce neat accurate flowcharts You des cribe the flowchart using a simple flowchart description language EasyFlow then pro duces a complete flowchart EasyFlow is excellent for describing procedures of all kinds not just for programming Fast 12 seconds for a typical chart Command language easy to learn Easily adapts to all printers Standard flowcharting shapes included User defined shapes easily added User selected line drawing characters Charts up to 5 by 11 shapes in size Explicit meaningful error messages Fully documented with many examples Ten demonstration flowcharts included Special printer drivers included for MX80 and u92 that produce small flowcharts directly on 8 5 x 11 inch paper 49 95 59 95 in Canada 7 PST in Ontario Runs on Z80 CPM 2 2 machines with 38K TPA Available on SSSD 8 and Kaypro 5 disks Other 5 formats call Available by check money order or Visa HavenTree Software Limited R R 1 Seeley s Bay Ontario Canada KOH 2NO com 613 542 7270 gated 6MHz On The BB I By Larry J Blunk My Big Board is amazing Born a 2 5 _ MHz plugger it now clips along at 6 MHz without so much as cat
7. 20 00 buys the package Morrow Most of you probably remember the comments I made about the new Mor row MD11 You know they use the Z80 to increment the address lines while they use little TTL ICs to transfer data be tween the drive either hard or floppy and memory continued next column 20 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 SPEED UP YOUR KAYPRO BY A FACTOR OF 10 Electronic RAM disk for the Kaypro Expandable to 1 MB Think of the possibilities for time savings Blow the hard disk off the map in cost This RAM disk designed by Tony Ozrelic is perfect for many users where time is of the essence SWAP FILES space Dual Centronics connectors e one to Kaypro one to printer COMPILES 256K 512K or 1mb memory DISK ACCESS External cabinet supplied Separate 5 volt power input 5 volt connector for Kaypro supplied Separate microprocessor 32 sockets accept either 64K Only 1K of Kaypro memory 128K or 256K DRAM Printer Buffer included Compatible with 5mhz Kaypro needed for operation Socketed without RAM 199 00 Call for our RAM prices we will stuff and test Color Graphics Board for Kaypro 2 4 2 84 amp 10 Color Graphics Board Software TLC LOGO standard version 99 95 deluxe version 129 95 Special Color Board amp deluxe wa of LOGO 299 95 30 00 Instant Grapher 245 00 aD TEED MicroSphere MICROSPHERE INC
8. 9 x 14 FITS IN AP I CASE FULL EXPANSION BUS MOTEL COMPUTERS LIMITED 174 BETTY ANN DRIVE WILLOWDALE ONTARIO CANADA M2N 1X fit 416 221 2340 neurs This means that if someone comes out with a new product that shows good thought but doesn t quite make it I ll reserve judgement for a while to see if he can clean it up Mean while people will be getting a less than ideal product There are times when I have regretted holding off on my criti cism On the other hand when some one like the Fat Jack Reading Rack folks spiffy up their product and then send new parts to everyone even those who didn t have problems If a product is an obvious rip then I tell people I get into a real bind when the product itself is really good but the support is _ really bad or vice versa In these situa tions I do my best with quiet diplomacy Failing that I start grumbling in Micro C Look if everything were white and black I wouldn t be getting so many grey hairs Prejudices Ireally like the Big Board I I have three of them and they work year in and year out flawlessly I have SWP dual density boards and they have been absolutely PUT IT ALL TOGETHER This computer stand is also a printer stand You can use half the desk space Designed to be effective and attractive Built of smoked acrylic to match your machine Custom Stands for other computers also a 95 Ten with nee A 103 95
9. Kaypro Cover cceeeeeees 34 95 PRINTER CABLES These high quality RS 232 and Centronics cables are designed to work with your particular printer and the Kaypro computer No additional Jumpers or other modifications are required Simply plug it in and start printing Available in two lengths for your added convenience Each cable is fully tested and guaranteed Available for all Kaypro computers Please specify make and model of printer when ordering Available for Gemini Comrex Epson Panasonic Brother Okidata amp 8 Silver Reed Prowriter N RS 232 Serial 6ft 17 95 12ft 22 95 Centronics Parallel 6ft 24 95 10ft 28 95 UNIVERSAL MODEM CABLES These high quality RS 232 cables are configured for most modems used with the Kaypro computer 2ft 19 95 4ft 22 95 YPRO FORMANCE 5 Miz TURBOBOARD for the Kaypro 2 amp 4 The TurboBoard allows your Kaypro 2 or 4 to compute at twice the standard speed Word processors spreadsheet programs etc will run much faster The speed 2 5MHz or 5MHz is switch selectable and can be changed at any time without affecting the operation of the computer Installation requires only minimal technical ability and no soldering is required Complete illustrated instructions are included TurboBoard 2eeeeees 99 95 Make your printer as porta ble as your computer Each case has an inside and outside pocket to carry paper and other accessorie
10. P O Box 1221 Bend OR 97709 503 388 1194 KAYPRO is a registered trademark of the Kaypro Corporation Kaypro Column continued This gives them a very fast data trans fer with very few parts almost no big parts at all because they don t have a floppy controller ora winchester control ler in their new MD11 The word I m getting now is that MD11s are becoming famous for going to lunch before noon This is reportedly due to the very critical timing between the TTL parts and the Z80 during data transfers Because Morrow is using the circuitry to do several tasks controlling memory controlling the floppy and controlling the winchester the company is faced with a major redesign if it wants to change any one of those tasks An other wise simple change to the winchester timing would have significant impact on the floppy or RAM timing It s almost like self modifiable code conceptually interesting but a nightmare to debug Morrow Power Supplies Also Morrow hard disk systems have been plagued with power supply prob lems and at 400 per supply users be come very nervous people around war el ee ranty expiration time The MD 11 belonging to the BAMDUA folks they publish the Morrow Review Magazine has gone through three supplies during the warranty period Morrow Company recently changed suppliers on the supply in hopes that the problems would go away but the new supply made in Japan seems to
11. RAM Protection Video Wiggle PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 2 10 81 Parallel Print Driver Drive Motor Control Shugart Jumpers Program Storage Above PFM PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 3 12 81 4 MHz Mods Configuring Modem 7 Safer Formatter Reverse Video Cursor FORTHwords begins 16 pages ISSUE NO 4 2 82 Keyboard Translation More 4 MHz Mods Modems Lync and SIOs Undoing CP M ERASE Keyboard Encoder 20 pages ISSUE NO 5 4 82 Word Processing Two Great Spells Two Text Editors Double Density Review Scribble A Formatter 20 pages ISSUE NO 6 6 82 BB I EPROM Programmer Customize Your Chars Double Density Update Self Loading ROM Terminal in FORTH 24 pages 5 00 each Other Foreign ISSUE NO 7 8 82 6 Reviews of C Adding 6K of RAM Viewing 50 Hz On Your Own begins 24 pages ISSUE NO 8 10 82 Drive Maintenance Interfacing Drives Installing a New BIOS Flippy Floppies C ing Clearly begins Xerox 820 begins 28 pages ISSUE NO 9 12 82 BB II EPROM Program Relocating Your CP M Serial Print Driver Big Board I Fixes Bringing Up WordStar Cheap RAM Disk 32 pages ISSUE NO 10 2 83 Saving a Flaky Disk Hooking Wini to BB II The Disk Inspector JRT Fix Serial Keyboard Interface Pascal Procedures begins 36 pages ISSUE NO 11 4 83 BB I Expansions BB II Details Dyna RAM Disk Review Easier Reverse Video Cursor PlannerCalc Review KayPro Column begins 36 pages
12. SAT hy 7415298 pga i 5V t R9 fl unl CAS MUXC Figure 6 2732 Chip Enable Circuit Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 37 MAXIMIZE YOUR EXTERNAL MONITOR ADAPTOR Kaypro 2 amp 4 The External Monitor Adaptor EMA provides the ability for the Kaypro 2 or 4 to drive an external video monitor or projection TV Simple plug in installation requires no soldering or wiring Complete illustrated instructions are included EMA for Kaypro 2 amp 4 69 95 EXTERNAL MONITOR amp ADAPTOR Kaypro 2 84 4 84 10 amp Robie The Kaypro 2 84 4 84 10 and Robie produce video which is not compatible with standard composite video monitors However with our External Monitor Adaptor EMA and specially modified monitor you can still enjoy all the bene fits of a larger CRT Monitor This specially modified monitor is a 12 Comrex CR 5600 It features a high resolution 80 character by 25 line display Available in either GREEN or AMBER Please specify color when ordering EMA Like the EMA for the Kaypro 2 amp 4 this EMA features simple plug in installation No soldering is required Complete illustrated isntructions are included Please specify Kaypro model when ordering EMA Kaypro 2 84 4 84 amp Robie 99 95 EMA Kaypro 10 006 109 95 Monitor Green or Amber 159 95 12 KEYBOARD CABLE for all Kaypro Computers This 12ft Keyboard Cable is manufactured to r
13. DSDD drives Will pay cash or will trade 8 SSDD drives for same Would consid er purchase of 820 I1 5 25 DSDD system complete Edwin Bideau III 123 West Main Chanute KS 66720 316 431 2720 SUMMER SALE Morrow Smith Coro na Qantex printers terminals Alpha Micro 3M telex 5 winchester drives Xebec Cromemco Otrona Wicat send for list Polygon Industries PO Box 24615 New Orleans LA 70184 504 282 5372 BB I Fully Assembled Basic options runs good in sturdy cabinet box fan Power 1 power supply all 400 Monitor 18mh 30 JRT Pascal 20 Need to sell for tuition make offer 206 631 0411 Bruce Stewart 281 St SE Kent WA 98042 SUPERB MAILING LIST PROGRAM stores and manages names and address es that can be revised at any time Its size is limited only by the disk storage avail able The address labels may be code se lected and printed in five different for mats on your computer paper or on label rolls In addition to the name and ad dress fields there are four additional fields in each record for telephone num ber date and two amount fields if de sired At any time the entire roster may be printed out For CP M 2 2 based sys tems with two disk drives and printer ca pable of 132 columns for maximum us age Terminal installation program module included Supplied on 8 SSSD 5 25 Kaypro and many others please write Special introductory offer by ABLE DATA SOFTWARE INC PO Box 86923 Statio
14. ISSUE NO 12 6 83 256K for BB I Bringing Up BB II dBase II Look at WordStar Double Sided Drives for BB I Packet Radio 5MHz Mod for KayPro 40 pages ISSUE NO 13 8 83 CP M Disk Directory More 256K for BB I Mini Front Panel Cheap Fast Modem Nevada Cobol Review BB I Printer Interface KayPro Reverse Video Mod 44 pages ISSUE NO 14 10 83 BB II Installation The Perfect Terminal Interface to Electronic Typewriter BB I Video Size Video Jitter Fix Slicer Column starts KayPro Color Graphics Review 48 pages ISSUE NO 15 12 83 Screen Dump Listing Fixing Serial Ports Playing Adventure SBASIC Column Begins Upgrading KayPro II to 4 Upgrading KayPro 4 to 8 48 pages ISSUE NO 16 2 84 Xerox 820 Column Restarts BB I Double Density BB II 57 8 Interface Fix KayPro ZCPR Patch Adding Joystick to Color Graphics Recovering Text from Memory 52 pages ISSUE NO 17 4 84 Voice Synthesizer 820 RAM Disk Kaypro Morse Code Interface 68000 Based System Review Inside CP M 86 56 pages ISSUE NO 18 6 84 Kaypro EPROM Programmer I O Byte A Primer Kaypro Joystick Serial to Parallel Interface Business COBOL 60 pages Your Fortune in the Microcomputer Business PTEE 26 45 US Can Mex REPERE EA 36 45 Other foreign MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 This is the best most complete collection of working for yourself information I ve found
15. Includes CP M 3 0 on disk with all manuals All Features Fully Supported By CP M Plus e Z80A 4 MHZ No wait states 128Kb Banked RAM 60Kb TPA 80 x 24 line high speed video Disk Controller up to 4 drives 8 SS SD DS DD 1 2 Mb 5 SS DD DS DD QHD 1 2Mb Use 5 and 8 simultaneously Both 5 and 8 connectors built in Two programmable RS232C ports Centronics printer port 16 bit TTL I O port Parallel keyboard input port Clock calendar with battery backup Expansion bus for enhancements Requires only 5V 1 2A 12V 0 1A MSC ICO 5 QHD 1 2 Mb drive 975 Manufactured by Southern Pacific Limited 1 3 18 Santomi Bldg Tsurumichuo Tsurumi Yokohama JAPAN 230 TEL 045 501 8842 TLX 3822320 SPACIF J USA Distributor ARTISOFT Inc 2450 East Speedway Suite 4 Tucson Arizona 85719 TEL 602 327 4305 ACCENT MOR EPROM amp Patch Program for WordStar e Displays Prints Diacritical Accents French Spanish German aeioun aeioun aelioun 200 aeaTradnt SBT 0h l eSGTRHCD 37 1234567890 oo S manana a VU MOR BOOKRACK 12 x17 ABS Plastic e Mounts easily on front edge 4995 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 Track Buffering On the Slicer By Earl Hinrichs One area of computer operation where CPU speed has little effect on per formance is in IO operations such as transfering data to and from the termi nal a serial port or the disk drives Of these disk
16. MN 55418 eae 788 9481 _ New items C ing Clearly By Tony Ozrelic I gota letter from one Mike Cebula of Silver Springs MD the other day Here is a slightly edited version Dear Tony Abbigale Ozrelic Help Your column in Micro C got me inter ested in C I am not a programmer and thought a good way to start would be with the Kernighan and Ritchie book and User Disk 17 small c compiler version 2 I have worked mainly with assembly language The problem is that it takes a great deal of fumbling around to figure out what is needed to compile a program from the files on the disk I wrote a simple pro gram in C to print one line on by screen Eventually I got it to compile assemble and link with no errors However the program ran with no output to my screen and returned me to CP M Then I tried to compile C from the user disk had no errors and got a 35k COM file the same as the original compiler but it went to Peoria when I tried to run it How about using your column to run small c through a few examples Sincerely Mike Cebula Figure 1 Sample Small C Code They write if condition _ dothis dothat dotheother I write if condition do_this do_that do_the_other Figure 2 Submit File to Compile C Program C SUB era 1 com now compile 1 c sme 1 c gt 1 asm assemble the 1 asm file into a 1 hex file bsasm 1 aaz 3 erase the asm file we don t need it
17. Sorry no other exports Delivery stock to 6 weeks For free 5 page spec sheet please write or call Rivendell Audiocomp P O Box 28937 San Diego CA 92128 Rivendell Audiocomp Custom Audio and Computer Design 58 619 451 3424 eM MR MR HY MH MH He Ye MH HM y XEROX 820 USERS NEED MORE 1 02 2 PIO S 1 SIO SASI INTERFACE SOUND GENERATOR REAL TIME CLOCK USES THE NATIONAL 58167 REAL TIME CLOCK Tl 76496 COMPLEX SOUND GENERATOR BARE BOARD 54 95 Rp he hh fh fe EERE HE HS COMPOSIT VIDEO INTERFACE BARE BOARD 19 95 WE ACCEPT MONEY ORDER VISA CHECK MASTER CHARGE GRD TECHNIQUES PO BOX 6383 BRIDGEPORT CT 06606 203 374 3660 HIGH PERFORMANCE VIDEO MONITOR BALL BCX 200 HP Monitor 12 P31 Green Non Composite Separate Sync Re quired 27 MHz Video Bandwidth 12 VDC 1 5 A e Vertical Sync 47 82 Hz e Horizontal Sync Jumper Selectable e PERFECT FOR BIG BOARD II WHEN USING 9x11 CHARACTER SET NEW with schematic shipping weight 10 Ibs MONITOR ONLY PLASTIC ENCLOSURE as pictured above Size 17x14x12 Room inside for mounting above monitor power supply amp S B C e PERFECT FIT FOR XEROX 820 1 BOARD NEW SHIPPING WEIGHT 12 LBS ENCLOSURE ONLY KEYBOARD amp ENCLOSURE 80 key X Y scanned microprocessor controlled ASC Il encoder kit ROM source code supplied 17x8 5x3 New with schematics weight 8 Ibs KEYBOARD ENCODER KIT ENCLOSURE 60 00 Regulated power supply 6 outp
18. want to see how others are us ing the language and perhaps get hints or even outright help from FORTH ex perts go to one of the Conferences This Rochester Conference was one of the most enjoyable meetings that I ve gone to in a decade Some 50 papers were presented over a 4 day period of non stop activity There is no way in which I can describe each paper so I ve broken them up into groups for this re port All 50 papers will appear in the Pro ceedings 600 pages at last count Interest in FORTH Engines that is CPU s with FORTH as their native lan guage remains high The Rockwell 65F11 chip was demonstrated along with a discussion by Randy Dumse of its minimal outer interpreter Randy was the chief architect of the F11 FORTH His minimal outer interpreter does not require FIND or word headers as it ac cepts numeric input only If the number is prefixed with a W it is considered as an absolute address and executed This method may be primitive but it allows you to debug on the target system with only 50 bytes of overhead Ballard and Henshaw have implemented a bit slice FORTH engine in the Hopkins Ultravio let Telescope to be flown on Space Shut tle in 1986 Several investigators have other bit slice versions on paper New FORTH implementations on the VAX both UNIX and VMS the NCR SCREEN 1 7415 Leahy Road New Carrollton MD 20784 301 552 1295 32 65816 and MA2301 were described T
19. At JC REPORT JC GETNAME MOV DL AL CMP AL 16 CALL GETNAME JC HAVEN AME JC REPORT SUB AL a A MOV DH AL JC GETNAME CMP AL 16 Swap drives in DL and DH JNC GETNAME SUB BX BX HAVEN AME XCHG BL DH Now drives BX DX NONAME MOV SI BX CMC MOV DI DX RET MOV AL BP SI Now drives SI DI XCHG AL BP DI MOV BP SI AL Listing End If a modified table is put into the BIOS then the name translation is present as soon as CPM is loaded The program DISKNAME figure 4 will allow you to change names after CPM is booted The file CODES1 A86 contains code macros for the new 80186 instructions which are not used in DISKNAME and macros for monitor calls which are used in DISKNAME I use this file with al most all programs It should be on one of your Slicer distribution disks This program will only work if the above BIOS modification has been made It will destroy other BIOSs It is a good idea to do a ctrl C after renaming disks to force CP M to go through DSKSEL The program could be im proved by adding a check for the modi fied BIOS and adding a call to DSKSEL Ihave been lazy DISKNAME A gt B will swap drives A and B DISKNAME will display the translation table For lazy typists DIS KNAME AB and DISKNAME are short er versions of the above These name changes are only in effect while you are in CPM In the monitor the drive names are the same as always To boot from the hard disk you must stil
20. COLORS PLUS TRANSPARENT 32 SPRITES PLUS PATTERN AND BACKDROP PLANE 256h X 192v RESOLUTION RCA TYPE OUTPUT CONNECTORS PCB SOLDER MASKED AND SILKSCREENED GOLD PLATED FINGERS SOFTWARE AVAILABLE FROM MICROSPHERE INCLUDES GRAPHIC EDITOR AND LOGO BARE PCB AND DOCUMENTATION 49 95 send check or money order to TOM WOODROW CA RESIDENTS 2075 TREEWOOD ADD 6 5 sales tax SAN JOSE CA 95132 sales in USA only or send s a s e for more info Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 Run Out of Disk Space on Your Xerox 820 1 How About 784K on a 51 4 Drive UPGRADE YOUR 820 1 TO DOUBLE DENSITY KAYPRO COMPATIBILITY AND RUN 4 OR 5 MHZ WITH UP TO 4 DISK DRIVES 8 AND 5 AT THE SAME TIME X 8 ROM PACKAGE 5 MHZ 2732 ROM 5 DISK WITH FORMAT PROGRAM CUSTOM BIOS AND INSTALLATION PROGRAMS AND MANUAL BANK SELECTED CAN USE 63K OR 64K CP M USES PARALLEL KEYBOARD AND HARDWARE VIDEO SCROLL FOR FAST SCREEN RESPONSE SERIAL AND CENTRONICS PRINTER DRIVERS AUTO BOOTS READS AND WRITES KAYPRO FORMAT KAYPRO II 191K ON SSDD 40 TRACK 5 KAYPRO 4 360K ON DSDD 40 TRACK 51 KAYPRO 8 784K ON DSDD 80 TRACK 514 98 SOFTWARE COMPATIBLE WITH KAYPRO II X120 DOUBLE DENSITY CONTROLLER BOARD DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR THE XEROX 820 1 USING WD2791 OR WD2793 DISK CONTROLLER CHIP WITH BUILT IN DATA SEPARATOR CAN RUN 5 AND 8 DRIVES AT THE SAME TIME WITH STANDAR
21. D eeewhere d2 d1 10 2 BCD1 3 4 5 6 BCD2 ni n6 d1 another method 7 8 9 D10 d1 d2 10 2DUP 2DUP D 2DUP D D 2DUP D 11 BCD3 ni n6 d1 e yet another 12 S gt D D10 ROT S gt D D D10 ROT S gt D D D10 13 ROT S gt D D D10 ROT S gt D D D10 ROT S gt D D 14 gt 15 SCREEN 2 0O Continuation of BCD conversions 100 SWAP 10 BCD4 n1 n6 d1 10 10 CODE 10 HL POP H D LD 10 LELD 11 HL HL ADD 12 HL HL ADD 13 DE HL ADD 14 HL HL ADD WON OM SEWN make copy TRIO ni n2 n3 n4 add 3 digits together final version TRIO gt R TRIO S gt D R gt 1000 U D 3 TRIO2 ni n2 n3 n4 10 version UNIFORTH Z80 version of integer mult x 10 fetch the number to multiply multiply by 2 multiply by 4 multiply by 5 multiply by 10 15 HPUSH END CODE push value back to tos b end i a a E E E A Ee 32 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 ment controlling programs and some robotics One group modified the popu lar robot arm toy seen at Radio Shack by installing Hall effect position encoders Another lab is using a FORTH con trolled arm to automate sample testing A third company is using an electric golf cart smartly FORTH controlled to move printed circuit boards between assembly lines Two papers presented ideas that I con sidered novel Mitch Bradley
22. FOLLOW THE DIRECTIONS and 2 DON T STOP TRYING A corollary to this is STEPWISE RE FINEMENT I am a great believer in this principle it has worked for me quite well over the years Stepwise refinement starts with something simple that does part of the job and then is progressively refined to the point where it does all of the job The next step in this example would be to get each of the C libraries compiled and assembled and then all li braries linked together into one big CRUNLIB REL This would then be used as a library for a different assem bler one that would allow you to com pile only HELLO C and link it to the run time library Style or Taste While browsing through the C librar ies and compiler I noticed that the guys who modified this compiler did not write nice code at least code the way I like it figure 1 Their way is sloppy and hard to read It is also a bad example for beginners SE SE E Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 they look at this stuff and don t under stand it and expect not to understand it because well that s just the way it is Then they start writing it that way too Ick Calling All Capitalists Well if there is one benefit to public domain small c it is that it showed peo ple that there is a market for cheap C compilers Trouble is you need a 180 assembler linker if you want to speed up your cheap compiler The Code Works people picked up on this and
23. However some time is required for CP M to process a sector during this time the next sector may go by It will then be a full revolution before the next sector is ready to read and it will take 26 revolutions to read a track CP M reduces this wait by rearranging the order of the sectors on the track The rearrangementis done in software Logi cal sector 2 is physical sector 7 logical sector 3 is physical sector 13 and so on This way it takes only 6 revolutions to Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 read a track One nasty result of this is that without track buffering no matter how fast your CPU is it will take 6 revo lutions to read a track Track Buffering With track buffering whenever CP M requests a sector the whole track con taining that sector is read into a buffer Since no processing of the data takes place between sectors the whole track can be read in one disk revolution The track buffer then becomes a small RAM disk Subsequent reads and writes to that track are just RAM transfers With track buffering when CP M re quests a read or write a check must be made on which track is in the buffer If the right track is in the buffer then the read or write is only a RAM transfer If a different track is in the buffer then the buffer must be written to disk to record any changes Then the new track is read in To avoid unnecessary writes the Slic er software keeps track of which sectors have been ch
24. IO is often the most irri tating A terminal operating at a reason able baud rate can read a keyboard fast er than a person can type and display text faster than a person can read And CP M 86 s printer spooler means that the printer doesn t tie up the system for any length of time That leaves disk IO as the area of computer operation where we most often have to wait for the com puter As processors get more and more powerful disk IO becomes more and more the limiting factor on system throughput There are a couple of ways to dramatically speed up disk IO and both use system RAM A RAM disk is the fastest sort of disk IO and a track buffer dramatically speeds up IO on real disks Sector Read Write On a typical CP M system most disk IO time is spent waiting for the proper sector to come under the read write head To illustrate consider the opera tion of reading a file from the traditional eight inch single sided single density CP M disk A CP M file usually occupies several sectors These sectors are not spread randomly over the disk but tend to be consecutive So to read a CP M file there will be one long seek to read the first sector Subsequent sectors will re quire no seek ora seek to the next track Thus most sector reads require no seek or a very short seek Since after one sector is read the next will be in position to be read one might think that there should be no waiting for the next sector
25. MOVE ASCII files between HP disk and Kaypro disk Upload requires one time access to SPL Terminal Emulator UNPROTECTED terry as Ow Termtype 10 Compatible be Kaypro 4 Bees Scroll 255 Characters wide 200 700 lines vertical Kaypro is a trademark of Kaypro Corporation Order MuNet Kaypro from Computer Service Department Southern College Collegedale TN 37315 615 238 2080 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 57 4 4 ae ee ee ee ee ee ee y BIG BOARD COLOR GRAPHICS 2977 TMS 9918A Based Graphics System 256H 192V x 16 Colors 32 Simultaneous Fast Moving Sprites Composite Video Output x Highest Quality PC Construction Software Includes Character amp Sprite Editor Demo Program In Pascal amp Basic Drivers Are Above The Monitor For Use With High Level Languages Requires 1 trace cut and 1 jumper see adding 6K of Ram MicroC 7 Plugs Into U7 U7 Still Available for Prom with Jumper TMS9918A Graphics Chip 34 Check x Money Order x COD en GRAPHTECH P O Box 1185 McPherson KS 67460 316 241 6330 Call for Availability amp Price of Parts Kit Kansas Residents Add 4 Tax Include 3 For Postage amp Handling Allow Four to Six Weeks for Delivery 4 4 Y y S y y y KH H H KH H EXPAND YOUR BIG BOARD GIVE YOUR BBI A PRESENT EXPAND IT This versatile expansion system features a Z80 daughter board for direct on the bus expansion of memory and I O The main board
26. Micro Cornucopia BB I BB II and XEROX 820 USERS DISKS The following are full 8 disks of software Each program has a DOC documentation file and many come with source USERS DISK 1 1 Two fast disk copiers 4 Two disk formatters 2 The manual for Small C 5 Modem 7 3 Crowe Z80 Assembler 6 Othello 7 Serial print routine Port B USERS DISK 2 1 Two single disk drive copy programs both with source 2 Crowe Z80 Assembler source 3 New Crowe COM file debugged version 4 New CBIOS with parallel print driver amp other extensions for CP M 1 4 amp 2 2 5 Disk mapper with source USERS DISK 3 1 EPROM burning software for BB 1 2 Reset bit 7 un WordStar a file 3 Disk file CRC checker 4 New fast copy program amp source 5 DU77 disk inspector editor 6 FINDBAD isolates bad disk sectors 7 Print fancy page headings USERS DISK 4 1 CBIOS custom bios for Tandon drives 2 ZCPR dynamite CCP checks drive A for missing COM files improved commands 3 ZCPRBLOC identifies CCP location USERS DISK 5 1 CAT disk cataloging routines 2 Modem 7 for Port A 3 Modem 7 for Port B 4 PACMAN the arcade game 5 FAST buffers the disk to speed up assemblies 6 NOLOCK removes BB 1 shift lock 7 VERIFY cleanup amp verify a flaky disk 8 DUMPX enhanced for BB 1 9 UNLOAD create HEX file from COM file USERS DISK 6 1 REZ 8080 Z80 disassembler TDL mnemonics 2 PRINTPRN prints Crowe listings 3 RUNPAC run time utility package for 8080
27. Oasis and got 22 716 The error on each chapter was about the same and the cor rect word count from the The Word was 83 61 of that done by WCOUNT COM I made a file on WordStar being Now is the time for all good men to come to the aid of their party typed out four times with two CRs after each one a total of 8 The Word counted correctly 64 words WCOUNT COM got 72 So I think WCOUNT COM must count CRs as one word This makes quite a difference in a long double spaced manuscriptif that is true The cure might to take 83 61 of the WCOUNT COM number Or it might be better to rewrite this program Thomas P Leary 218 So 95 Omaha NE 68102 Editor s note Yep you re right I tried it myself and WCOUNT is in error Darn it I m begin ning to suspect that WCOUNT was written by a novelist who was paid by the word The counts are definitely fiction Unfortunately we don t have the author s name or the origi nal manuscript Dear Editor I would like to express my discourage ment at the small number of articles re lating to the BB II I see the emphasis shifting from BB I to Kaypro just look at the user disks released since BB II came on line I like your magazine and look forward to its arrival Unfortunately my expectations are dashed when I look at the table of contents Little very little on BB II Any encouraging words for the fu ture J Wytsma 9 Pitch Pine Topsham ME 04086 Editor s not
28. and I ve heard nothing but good comments from those who have received it This two volume set is perfect for those times when you need a break from monitor watching AEAEE 27 95 US Can Mex Era ED ERRE Eaa a sees oo 37 95 Other foreign This is one of the best books on CP M It covers the whole spectrum of users from novice to guru There are a few books that include more programming examples but none work better for the whole range of users and this book is perfect for reference use Micro C s copy of Inside CP M is showing definite signs of overuse FERGUSON ENGINEERING 817 640 0207 BIGBOARD 1 820 1 256K RAM EXPANSION MODULE 64r ORAU var vas cteus l uer ram ur 4 u2e rare i u2s ct r ure ciey ram t v2 wae Lor onau J hex onan tu20 Juse cao cat eeeo joee ues 4 M l l j jason ur ut Leor onan us EEIEIE ure F PEOTI us 5 GaK ORAM J us Zcee ona Puro i i i 820 256K gt JB FERGUSON C 1986 840220 vor ues vos uos Tuo vot tuoo 4 l l l l ma Very legible C size 820 schematics set of six drawings 18 00 STD BUS connector for BBII Is CRYDOM S312 OV switching SSR I Complete 820 Documentation Package 820 CBIOS amp Rom monitor source m CP M Primer Xerox CP M handbook E 8 Dual Drive Cable 17 fa DB25S to 26 Pin Header 18 Long AMP Mini Jumpers for easy configuration strapping
29. are now offering an almost M80 compatible assembler linker called CWA for their Q C compiler for 35 00 That s right less than forty bucks It is written expressly for Z80 ma chines so it is faster and smaller than M80 and the linker is smaller so you can link bigger programs with it The minor drawback to it is that CWA does not rec ognize 8080 mnemonics or macros as Mi crosoft s M80 does but for a cheap fast compiler assembler linker this combi nation is hard to beat I know I know you ve heard me rant about Q C before but I still maintain that it is an excellent way for the begin ner to learn C You get lots of well writ ten source code plus an excellent man ual A Parting Shot Well Mike that s about it Do yourself a favor and bust loose with a few bucks it s worth it EEE RAMS A US 64K DRAMS 4164 200NS CALL E PROMS 450 NS 2764 28 PIN NEED FASTER PARTS CALL Because the cost of these parts change daily We ask that you call and check our prices And when you do you ll sing Thanks for the memories You pay shipping and handling California residence add 6 tax 1137 Topaz St Corona CA 91720 714 734 6006 AstroTronics MICROSYSTEMS i 256K RAMDISK KIT Now Only 5995 m dynaDisk makes your spelling checker assembler or compiler programs run 35 300 percent faster dynaDisk is a 256k ram board that uses 5V at 2A and plugs into BB1 s para
30. board Don t worry it s all keyed so you can t plug the wrong cable into the wrong plug Remove the dual density card from the disk controller socket if one is installed the board can not come out with this in The disk con troller socket is immediately behind the DISK connector on the back of the board Remove the four screws at each corner of the mother board and pull the board out of the rear of the machine 1 The only disconnection which has to be made is to pin 23 of the disk controller U109 Since a major bus runs through this point I do not recommend cutting the PC board Instead pull out either your 1771 disk controller if you do not have double density or take the double density board bend out pin 23 and re install so pin 23 is free Wait to re install the double density board until the mother board has been put back 2 Keeping the leads as short as possi ble solder the resistor on the BACKSIDE 1013 W 210th Torrance CA 90502 Figure 1 820 Autoboot Patch 1 Load in DDSYSGEN under DDT and fetch the system tracks d gt DDT DDSYSGEN COM G 387 2 Examine locations around 1ABO for a JMP D400 command L1AB0 1ABO 1AB7 JMP D400 3 Check that space is free in BIOS beyond 1FEEH LIFEE 1FEE NOP 1FEF NOP NOPs should occur up through 1FFFH 4 Add the following code A1AB7 or wherever the JMP D400 occurred 1AB7 JMP EFEE ABA _ A1FEE 1FEE LDA 4 1FF1 MOV C
31. comes with software on disk and manual Please state type of system and 54 or 8 inch disk Let MICRONCRON put time out of mind into memory MC 1 with disk MC VISA COD CHECK P amp H 2 NYS ADD TAX Xerox 820 820 II trademark of Xerox BB I Video Fix Fix In Wesley Ebisuzaki s tech tip of issue 18 we erroneously suggested that you could solder a resistor between pins 8 and 16 of 74LS136 Well that chip has only 14 pins so the resistor is actually be tween pins 8 and 14 If yours happens to be a 16 pin 74LS136 just cut off the two extra pins before doing this from either end Drive Box for the 820 II I just came across a neat little thing for hanging 8 or 5 inch drives on the same 820 II system The answer is to build an interface box to be plugged into the 820 II disk drive connector then plug an 8 inch drive into a connector on the box and a 5 inch drive into another connector on the box This requires no internal changes to the 820 II or the disk drive Pin 5 from the 820 II is the drive select 1 DS1 line pin 6 is the drive select 2 DS2 By switching the drives 8 or 5 inch to pin 5 or 6 from the computer you can select A DS1 as either 8 or 5 inch and the same with B DS2 The 820 II selects its drive by pulling DS1 or DS2 low The secret is to use this low to pull pin 2 low when 5 inch drives are selected The two diodes see figure do this for us and feed the low to pin 2 f
32. continued next page routines array 0 255 of byte absolute D600 code file begin assign code B TGRAFIX COM reset code blockread code routines 2 Untyped files not supported by JRT Pascal blockread is a non standard procedure for reading data from untyped files directly into variable area The syntax is quite different for Pascal MI and for JRT Pascal you will have to write your own blockread procedure binary mode for JRT close code end Use a file of char reset in Figure 2 General Purpose Version of Load Routine In the main program declarations type str20 string 20 var routines array 0 size of byte should be multiple of 128 fname str20 now the general purpose routine str20 var where integer procedure load_binary fname nrecs var code file begin assign code fname reset code blockread code where nrecs close code end integer the calling statement will look like the following load_binary fname routines 0 size mod 128 1 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 15 PASCAL PROCEDURES continued from page 15 programs and are the method of choice for programs with code data space larg er than available memory The Turbo Pascal implementation of overlays is particularly easy to use By prefixing the reserved word OVERLAY to a procedure declaration the compiler wi
33. described a technique used in EMACS called com mand completion Instead of typing a word completely you can just enter the first few characters and have FORTH search its dictionary for any possible matches I ve also heard of an earlier FORTH that used a fuzzy algorithm to find the word that most closely matched the string that you poorly entered As a touch typist neither version is of much use to me but I know many program mers for which command completion would be a blessing Urieli in his REPTIL variation of FORTH replaces the traditional OK prompt with one containing more infor mation A gt is preceded by zero to five characters indicating the execution state current number of stack parame ters open files etc so that you can tell at a glance the current status of your sys tem By far the most interesting paper was given by Tom Sargent who has devel oped a VME bus CAD CAM system used to design printed circuit boards Programmed in FORTH the system uses multi 68000 CPUs in conjunction with a bit slice graphics engine Tom brought a videotape of the console in op eration and its demonstrated speed and image quality were breathtaking Place your order now for a copy of the proceedings You won tbe disappointed Clearing the Data Stack Recently a reader wrote in to describe his method of emptying the data stack At first glance I thought that his solution was superfluous Fig FORTH systems
34. ete 16 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 THE LITTLE BOARD OEM INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC SECOND GENERATION SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT 4 MHZ Z80 CPU FREE CP M 2 2 A 139 VALUE A FREE 5 1 4 IN CP M 2 2 DISKETTE IS INCLUDED WITH EACH KIT A amp T UNITS 349 64K RAM DOUBLE DENSITY Leen 52950 COMPLETE KIT MINI SIZE ONLY 5 3 4 x 7 3 4 INCHES FULLY SOCKETED PERFECT MATE TO OUR ZRT 80 TERMINAL BOARD THROUGH SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT WITH AMPRO COMPUTERS WE ARE PLEASED TO OFFER THEIR LITTLE BOARD IN KIT FORM 4 MHZ 2Z80 CPU CENTRONICS STYLE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT TWO RS232 SERIAL PORTS Digital Research Computers OF TEXAS P O BOX 461565 e GARLAND TEXAS 75046 214 271 3538 time you don t know their addresses The statement inline FF places a RST 38H instruction which is used by the de buggers noted above for breakpoints Since you are running in memory mode when the breakpoint is reached and you are back in the debugger you can exam ine the symbol table with the Dump command To find the symbol table first look at the jump address at locations 5 amp 6 to find the base of the debugger code The top of the symbol table which grows downward will be 400H below the de bugger The entry for var variable3 in teger looks like Figure 4 In Figure 4 Field B is the symbol type 04 var 02 const 03 type other values not yet determined Fiel
35. exploit the capabilities of the clock calendar TIMEPRO includes SEE TIME which displays the time and date on the screen whenever your Kaypro is operating no matter what software you may be using APPT which is Digital Dynamics powerful appointment management software TD to perform automatic time date stamping of all your files and PRNL to keep track of yearly events TIMEPRO also includes source code in several popular computer programming languages for all of the clock calendar reading and setting routines so that you can easily incorporate time and date functions into your own programs SPEED The SPEEDPRO 5RTC of course shares the performance heritage of its little brother the SPEEDPRO S Either one of our boards will give your computer nearly twice the standard processing performance Our SPEEDPROS soup up your Kaypro with a new Zilog Z80B high speed micro processor and support Circuitry Externally mounted toggle switches provide the ability to switch from standard speed to high speed and toturn the wait state on and off Who Says you Can t owna time machine The SPEEDPRO5RTC is here now If you don t need the clock calendar but do want increased processing speed then order the SPEEDPRO 5 Now available factory direct at reduced prices SPEEDPRO 5 89 95 SPEEDPRO SRTC 159 95 NOW IS THE TIME DIGITAL DYNAMICS Performance Products for Microcomputers P O BOX 5653 Tacoma WA 206 627 0797
36. have an RS 232 port People hold hands they cross their legs they snarl they smile they scream they wrinkle their brows they walk away they cry they carry on heated discussions in a cold sweat People have even been known to lend a hand hug a child or kiss a loved one I have yet to see a key board facilitate this kind of communica tion and people wonder why computers seem cold and lifeless There are many obvious extensions to the computer speech synthesis speech recognition and environmental testing temperature pressure air velocity ob ject proximity sound levels There are new communications possibilities like packet switching that open up many new ways for computers to share information Why not have computers drive cars or whatever we would use for transporting our bodies and possessions Sure engi neers have looked at this problem but they were auto manufacturing engineers trying to plug computers into classical auto technology Why start with classical anything Mass transportation is an ob vious option but what happens when people want to have personal inexpen sive transportation at the destination Try playing think tank with some friends some evening and see you come continued on page 50 Dear Editor There is a glitch in the WCOUNT COM program on the K2 disk I counted words in several chapters of a manuscript using this and got 27 168 I counted the same words using The Word
37. have problems try replacing Q2 I have included the modification be low There are two versions of the mod One for systems running 5 or 4 MHz it inserts one wait state into EPROM ac cesses The other is for those who run at 6 MHz where it is necessary to insert 2 wait states to run 450 ns devices The only additional part required is a 74LS74 For far too long Big Board owners have ignored a handy little pin on the Z80 The WAIT line pin 24 was meant to stretch access times for slow memory and I O devices One of the slowest de vices on the big board is the Monitor EPROM that comes with the BB At a processor speed of 2 5 MHz the 450 ns access time of the EPROM presents no problem However at speeds of 4 MHz or higher the EPROM is just too slow Most people who speed up their BB I replace their 450 ns EPROM with a faster device This is silly when you consider that the Monitor EPROM is active for on ly a split second after power up or the tap of the reset button By selectively us ing the WAIT line you can keep your old 450 ns 2716 without affecting the overall performance of your BB Editor s note Those with Kaypros and similar machines which are continuously accessing the ROM do slow down however when they use wait states Critical Timing Before discussing the actual mod I d like to review the Z80 memory access Figure 1 Circuit to Generate Single Wait State 2972 Briarcliff Ann Arbor MI 48105 313 663 6
38. if Spel Are you signing your name with an X because spelling doesn t come easily Then you need SpellSys With this full feature package you can write prose with the pros SpellSys fea tures a 42 000 word dictionary and all the bells and whistles of those expensive checkers including rhyming crossword search letter unscrambling etc SpellSys is made up of a group of indiv idual programs which you can use toge ther or separately With SpellSys you can setup and maintain your own custom dictionary in addition to the main dic tionary These are real dictionaries not hash tables so you edit or remove words from your own dictionary at will IY LrAg AND there is a four month delay between placing an ad and seeingitin print there is a lot of incentive to place the ad ahead of time Of course then the product needs to be ready to ship when the ad appears and this is the way non trivial deadlines are created This also creates incredible opportunities for Murphy Some non technical people have asked me why computer people seem so harried Well if you are involved in a start up and I ve seen some multi mil lion dollar companies that were still act ing like start ups you are always faced with a possible deadline that becomes more and more impossible as the time approaches Meeting a deadline is important for four reasons 1 Once people have made a decision to purchase a product they are anxious
39. in HOME even if it turns out to be unnecessary ASM86 One complaint I have with ASM86 is that it doesn t work well with the type ahead buffer If a key is pressed while an assembly is going on ASM86 gives the message USER BREAK Y N and waits for an answer I would rather be able to put CCP commands into the type ahead buffer during an assembly than abort the assembly ASM686 puts an equal sign at the start of each line in a listing when that line was generated by an INCLUDE file Of ten my entire program is in INCLUDE files so the equal signs just clutter up the listings I know this is unimportant but since I was taking apart ASM86 to re move USER BREAK I thought I might as well remove the also Figure 2 details the changes I made to ASM86 These changes are for version 1 1 Do not make these changes if you have a dif ferent version which is unlikely Figure 1 BIOS Changes to Speed ERA 1 In WBOOT add MOV BUFDPH O after POP ES 2 Replace BHOME with BHOME PUSH ES CALL FLUSHBUF CMP CPMDISK 7 JC BHO MOV BUFDPH 0 BHO SUB CX CX CALL SETTRK POP ES RET 3Flush track buffer 3Invalidate buffer for removable disks 3 Remove the MOV BUFDPH O near the end of FLUSHBUF Figure 2 Upgrades to ASM86 A gt DDT86 RASM86 CMD START END XXXX 0000 XXXX 667F A180 XXXX 0180 JMPS 193 XXXX 0182 S192B XXXX 192B 3D 20 XXXX 192B 82 WASM86 CMD C Figure
40. keystrokes at up to 63 characters each Kaypro Disk K25 Z80 Macro Assembler This is a real Z8O0 macro assembler Syntax closely _ follows RMAC and MAC Also includes pseudo ops to support conditional assembly etc No phase or relocatable code Kaypro Disk K26 EPROM Programmer amp Character Editor This is the software for the Kaypro EPROM pro grammer written up in Issue 18 This software and the programmer turn your Kaypro into a very power ful development system You can read ROMs write ROMs save data on disk and restore data from disk Plus you get a character editor which will help you design custom character ROMs for the non graphic Kaypros wy Kaypro Disk K27 NEV Typing Tutor A complete typing tutor for beginners and experts Written in Australia it comes complete with source This was customized for Kaypro II 4 and 10 by Barry Cole of WLAKUG The documentation says you can learn to touch type in 8 hours probably a little longer for mortals REMEMBER FREE USERS DISKS In exchange for submitted software or articles Kaypro New Schematic Packages Finally a complete schematic for your portable Kaypro logically laid out on a single 24 by 36 sheet plus a very complete illustrated Theory of Operation that s keyed to the schematic You ll get detail information on your processor board that s available nowhere else For instance those of you with the 10 and new 84 systems get a thorough
41. ohms This little fix sure cleaned up the floppy problems on our old 10 Kaypro 10 Schematic amp Theory of Op We ve finally done it The 24 by 36 single sheet schematic plus theory of operation package for the current Kay pro 10 is finally ready Eric Roby spent months working on the schematic block diagrams and theory of operation In the process he came up with a package that rivals the very popular one that Dana did for the Kaypro II The theory of operation includes thor ough coverage of the serial and parallel ports as well as the video section Eric even included listings in assembly lan guage as well as a little Pascal for those of you who want to write your own port or screen graphics programs And like the original Kaypro II package the theo ry of operation and the block diagrams are keyed to the schematic so you can follow a signal component by compo nent This is the detailed information on the main processor board that Kaypro didn t put in its service manual for only 20 00 Also 84 Schematic Package Because of popular demand reader insistence we re also scrambling to fin ish the new schematic package for the 84 processor boards should be ready by mid August This package will include everything in the Kaypro 10 package but it will cover the new Il 84 4 84 and 10 84 systems you know the IIs with the half wide drives and the 4s and 10s with the built in modems Again only
42. on only one size screw I won t consider the non standard exten sion of using a hammer to drive a screw A well designed software tool should be useful in more than a single situation or program Figures 1 and 2 written for Turbo Pas cal show two versions of a procedure for loading a set of machine language sub routines into memory This is a specific instance of the general case of loading a binary file into memory The procedure in Figure 1 is equiva lent to a single screw size screwdriver It can be used only to load a single file of fixed length into an absolute memory area Figure 2 however is a more general ized tool Since the filename destination Figure 1 Limited Version of Load Routine procedure load _grafix var 6245 Columbia Ave St Louis MO 63139 314 645 1596 and number of 128 byte records are all passed as parameters to the procedure it can be used to load any binary file into any memory area Although there is a little more work in setting up the gener alized version once it is debugged and running the routine can be used in virtu ally any program without modification Overlays in Turbo Pascal Version 2 0 Turbo Pascal version 2 0 is now avail able For CP M 80 the most significant addition is an automatic overlay mecha nism Overlays are portions of program code which are loaded into memory only when called and they share the same area in memory Overlays are very useful for larger
43. rundown on your video section complete with sample video control programs in assembly language and Pascal Of course all packages contain serial and parallel port details and programming examples as well as complete coverage of the processor clock I O and disk controller information that is not even available in Kaypro s own Dealer Service Manual Kaypro Schematic Packages Kaypro II amp 4 pre 84 see ce seen eee ee nee eees 20 00 Kaypro 10 pre 84 2 2 2 cece ccc ccc cece cee ee teen enes 20 00 Kaypro 84 series 11 4 10 cece cece ene c ee ceeees 20 00 All prices include Postage For more detailed ROM information see page 48 _ Pro 8 ROM Package The PRO 8 package from Micro Cornucopia upgrades your KayPro 4 to a KayPro 8 with 784K bytes 96 directory entries per Tandon 100 4 or equivalent quad density _drive Plus you can select your own cursor character and change it at will The package includes the new PRO 8 monitor ROM a disk of formatters and copiers and printed instructions We even tell you how to turn your KayPro Il into a KayPro 4 All you add is one or two double sided double density 390K or double sided quad density 784K drives You get over 1 5 Megabytes on a two drive quad density system This new system can read write and format KayPro II and KayPro 4 disks as well as KayPro 8 disks And it recognizes each disk type automatically All this for only 4995 Watch Mic
44. single physical disk 1 CP M limits the data on any one disk to 8 Mbytes A 23 Mbyte disk system gives you 15 Mbytes of good reasons for going to logical disks 2 With logical disks you can divide the storage into application areas 3 You can create a floppy size logical disk to make it easier to duplicate real floppy disks The storage capacity of a Winchester disk depends on 1 The number of recording surfaces 2 The number of cylinders tracks per surface 3 The number of sectors per cylinder For my implementation this could be Sector sect per sect per size track drive Tot Bytes 256 33 84 480 21 626 880 512 18 46 080 23 592 960 1024 9 23 040 23 592 960 Available tracks 2560 320 tracks surface X 8 surfaces This assumes that there are no bad sectors found when for matting the Winchester You ll have to create at least 3 logical drives to use all the space available on the drive Figure 1 Double Density Interleave Interleave Sector size factor Sectors Track 256 1 32 256 not 1 33 512 1 17 512 not 1 18 1024 1 9 1024 not 1 9 The Distribution CBIOS The current BB II winchester descrip tion is CP M Block Allocation Size 4k Number of BLS blocks 1224 Number of Directory Entries 512 Bytes per sector 256 Total bytes of storage 5 Meg The data is defined in the file XEBEC MAC You install the Winchester code by setting the variable WINCH to be ONE in the appropriate bui
45. the 820 I does have a few drawbacks It was built to run at2 5Mhz has only two sockets available for 2716 type EPROMS and uses those two sock ets for a monitor that includes a Type writer function that would seldom if ever be used The 820 I will only sup port two eight inch disk drives and be cause it runs at 2 5Mhz it will only sup port the IBM 3741 single density format 820 I Mods By applying the following hardware and software modifications to your Xe rox 820 I you could 1 Increase the clock speed to 4Mhz 2 Increase the Eprom capacity to two 2732 type proms 3 Add a 24 hour time of day display 4 Add a video on off control to turn the display off during times of extended keyboard or display inactivity gt 4 mins _5 Upgrade the system monitor to support the above The hardware portion of this modifica tion will be covered first When referring to the cut add instructions reference will be made to the A and B sides of the PC board The A side of the board is the component side of the board and the B side is the solder side under side of the board If you are purchasing one of the bare boards available from B G Micro I sug gest that you make all of the cuts prior to installing the sockets The traces are much easier to see and get to with an X acto blade and errors can be more easily corrected If you are making these changes to an already assembled board
46. this can also be done under DDT in DDSYSGEN 1 Load in DDSYSGEN under DDT and execute d gt DDT DDSYSGEN COM G 387 Read in the system tracks of a disk which has autoboot capability 2 Examine locations 3007H through 3080H these are your autoboot com mand locations Location 3007H is the length of your command followed by the zero terminated command in locations 3008H and beyond For example to exe cute STAT at cold boot change location 3007H to 4 STAT in locations 3008H to 300BH and 00H in 300CH A null com mand is specified by setting 3007H to zero 3 Write the new system tracks to the desired disk G 100 Although AUTOBOOT COM does the same thing much easier if you are too impatient that is the procedure Update For those of you who read the first part of this series you might have noted the head load delay circuit included by the editor After a thorough examination of the 820 board I could not figure out why Xerox did NOT install it The major com ponent needed the 74LS123 is already on the board waiting to be used In order to modify your board you will need a 15 25w soldering iron sol der a 100k 1 4 Watt or 1 s Watt resistor a 1 uF capacitor and some 30 gauge wire wrap wire all available at Radio Shack You will need to open up your 820 dis play Remove the two screws at the top of the unit and slide off the cover Un plug everything that connects to the main logic
47. this or similar functions making your programs com patible with other CP M systems The author s selects a task such as ringing the console bell and then ex plains the portions of CP M which are needed to accomplish that task In this case all that is used is the BDOS basic disk operating system call to output a character to the console Incidently the basic in BDOS and BIOS refers to ele mentary or fundamental it does not refer to the BASIC programming lan guage Chapter by Chapter Chapter One contains an elementary level discussion of how CP M is organ ized and how it runs Chapter Two Duplicating and Alter ing CP M Disks shows how to alter the BIOS and write the altered version to a disk Dear Editor Now that I m finally subscribing I thought I could include a few bits of helpful info on the BB I For a custom cursor change location FF76h to the desired character code Set bit 7 if you want it to blink A Clh will give a blinking A The video mod in 14 works great and the 3 5MHz mod per is sue 4 gives a noticeable 40 improve ment I have interfaced a Promblaster to the BB and will burn proms via modem link for interested parties I am now looking for cheap 64K DRAMS for my Dyna Disk and a reasonably priced Dbase type pro gram any suggestions Scott Burton 544 Walnut San Carlos CA 94070 EEE 5800 Jones PI NW Albuquerque NM 87120 Chapter Three Adding F
48. time So I added the video on off control and timer to turn off my display if there was no keyboard or display activity for more than about 4 minutes Basically I just inserted an AND gate between the blink logic of the CRT dis play and toggle one input with a spare output from the PIO that controls the keyboard Since I am using eight inch drives I had no need for the 5inch drive controls on the PIO I selected PA5 as my video toggle and made the changes shown in figure 3 Figure 3 CUTS J1 3 B side U45 1 B side U16 8 A side ADDS U45 1 to U3Z4B 8 U16 8 to U34B 9 U105 9 to U3Z4B 10 The software to run all the above is in the new system monitor that I am releas ing to Micro C for non commercial use User disk B23 The monitor is still com patible with the BB I version of CP M 2 2 The monitor includes all the old Xe rox 820 I monitor functions except the T typewriter function 36 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 The Little Board Quantity One 349 The world s simplest and least expensive single board computer Substantial Quantity discounts available o 4mHz Z80Ai CPU 64K RAM e Mini floppy controller Parallel printer port e On board 12V converter e Only 5 75 x 7 75 inches e Power Requirement 5VDC 75A 12VDC 05A e Screws directly onto a mini floppy drive All this AAV and CP M t 2 2 also COMPUTERS INCORPORATED t Z80A is a registered trademark of Zilo
49. to get it If you can t ship you can t ac cept money even though this is the time when you most need it Don t succumb to the temptation to use money that you haven t earned yet unless you want to guarantee the demise of your new com pany 2 Itis easy to get a reputation for ship ping slowly if your ads are running long before product is ready 3 Once the advertising starts you IT S EASY TO USE Just enter SPELLSYS select which disks you ll use and file you re checking Then SpellSys takes over Everything is self prompting so sit back and relax Word Review Operations show Context in file Lookup word in dictionary Misspelled correct file to putin user Dictionary Ignore Next word Previous word Exit review or any other key displays menu ORDER AT NO RISK Check out the manual and if you don t agree that SpellSys is a super bargain just return the package with the disk un opened within 30 days and we ll refund your money SPELLSYS 29 95 ppd in US amp Can Other Foreign add 5 00 Requires 32K CP M Formats 8 SS SD or 5 SS DD for KayPro Xerox Osborne Morrow Superbrain CP M is a trademark of Digital Research P O Box 65 Bend OR 97709 MC 503 382 8048 Visa have a new drain on your resources It s very important to begin shipping prod ucts and earning revenue very quickly 4 You can assume that if you have come up with a
50. xX X Hard Disk amp Controller Xx Four DB 25 amp Two 50 pin prepunched connector holes Standard Custom made enclosures available at additional Enclosure Price 9 9125 00 cost send in specifications for pricing l With power supply line cord amp switches 245 00 With two 5 96 TPI drives 795 00 SLICER COMPUTERS INC Plus UPS Shipping Charges SLICER 2543 Marshall Street N E Piss TC wis N Minneapolis MN 55418 Mastercard Visa Check Maney Order 612 788 9481 or UPS C O D orders accepted Sa ee me ae He ete PSR SRS Use HS INGLE BOARD COMPUTER FEATURING THE INTEL 80186 _ THE SLICER Coe Full 8MHz 16 bit microprocessor having z Source for monitor and bios included on disk complete software compatibility with the ce i pa for CP M 86 supports 8 5 4 KVAL 8086 and 8088 as eee OF drives the Xebec 1410 and Western Digital 256K Bytes of RAM plus 64K Bytes of o WD 1002 SHD controller for hard disks PROM memory capacity on board Soe gt o W Board size 6 x 12 power requirements Floppy disk controller Gan runa oo Sth 3A 12V 60mA 12V 50MA combination of 8 5 y 3 2k drives a simultaneously ea Jt eee Complete pene included ee 6 MHz 8 MHz _ SASI port for hard disk controller ag ca o Sold in various forms Two full function RS232C serial ports Assembled and tested 1105 1125 ith individually c
51. you ever wanted to have a mag azine of your own so you could blow ofa little steam especially after you felt you d been royally shafted Well right now I m glad I have a magazine In my search for a cheap EPROM pro grammer that would burn 8 ROMs at a time I ran into a smallish but interesting looking ad in Byte It mentioned an inde pendent version of the Data I O for just under 1000 of course once you added the serial port and software you weren t under 1000 but what the heck After calling the number and finding out that the unit was supposed to program ev erything from a 2716 to an incalcitrant dishwasher I ordered it That was a mistake It arrived looking like it had been wrapped in swaddling newspapers and tossed into a cardboard box it had As I picked it out of the box something clunked It turned out that the power transformer had broken loose and had begun beating innocent transistors senseless After checking for obvious electrical damage I tried the unit I worked sorta It burned 2716s but not 2732s I checked through the documentation to see if there was a some information on the hardware There was nothing No theory of operation no schematic no di agnostics no nothin I called them and though they refused to send another unit or a schematic they did give me a return authorization number Boy did they have my num ber Anyway I returned the unit andina week it returned Fixe
52. your own modem program to receive the file this puts you back into terminal mode ok xmodem you re about to receive FIND COM E back to command mode on your own system S FIND COM lt cr gt T lt er gt At the end of the session you enter AO gt BYE tells your own modem program to send FIND COM get back into terminal mode when finished Which tells BYE COM that you are through and it signs off the bulletin board system Then you enter E CPM lt er gt Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 13 htest interest in Pascal ense ree rpi ithout extra cost Yes We still include eee SF he Sable presser written with Turbo Pascal You can study the ource code fo learn how a spreadsheet is written it s right on the disk And if you re running Turbo Pascal with th the 8087 option you ll never have seen a spreadsheet calculate this fast before Except Commodore 64 CP M Order Your Copy of TURBO PASCAL VERSION 2 0 Today For VISA and MasterCard orders call toll free 1 800 227 2400 x968 In California 1 800 772 2666 x968 lines open 24 hrs 7 days a week Dealer amp Distributor Inquiries Welcome 408 438 8400 Choose One please add 5 00 for ship Check _ Money Order __ My system is 8 bit 16 bit pingand handling for U S orders Shipped VISA ______ Master Card _ Operating System CP M 80 UES Card CP M 86___ MSDOS__ PC DOS ___
53. 0 baud when you use your Kaypro asa terminal then take heart With these programs your Kaypro can outrun the big boys by receiving and sending up to 19 200 baud without dropping a single character Also a new version of BYE that not only lets you run your Kaypro remotely but also figures out whether you have a 63K or 64K system so it will run with any Kaypro using an external modem Something special for your Kaypro Disk K24 MBASIC Games amp Keyboard Translator We sifted through many many games before coming up with these gems All will work on any Kaypro and all come in MBASIC source USOPEN shows you the fairway on the screen You select the club and direction for each stroke After you reach the green the display shifts to show details of the green and flag For one to four players DUCK is an offshoot of aliens pardon the pun Hunter tries to shoot down ducks while ducks try to bomb the hunter Much fairer than real life CASTLE is an adventure in which you select your attributes strength dexterity and intelligence and you get to purchase arms and protection Great documentation and very interesting game KSTROKES is a keyboard translator similar to Smartkey Bill Forbes did an excellent job creating this program You can create and save translation files on disk The program even includes a table which generates WordStar commands from the Kaypro s keypad You can define 8
54. 00 Make all orders payable in U S funds ona U S bank please ADVERTISING RATES Available on request CHANGE OF ADDRESS Please send your old label and new ad dress SOFTWARE HARDWARE AND BOOK VENDORS We would very much like to review your CP M amp MSDOS compatible products Send materials to the Review Depart ment Micro Cornucopia CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc Copyright 1984 by Micro Cornucopia All rights reserved MICRO CORNUCOPIA August 1984 The Single Board Systems Journal No 19 Here Come The Androids New Directions ES You only have to spend a few minutes with a good science fiction novel to real ize that we re not yet really expecting very much of computers At least not yet Sandy and I have computers in our house and they are very smart as com puters go but none of them has ever of fered to fix tea and then clean up the dishes afterwards And then there is the newspaper I mean even the simple task of vacuuming the carpet or mowing the lawn is beyond the fanciest IBM Sometimes I wonder if these machines are really so stupid after all I don t en joy mowing the lawn either The Problem Is People are aiming too low when they design systems and software There is a bunch of ostriches out there trying to create artificial intelligence What they are really creating is a simple data base that tells the comp
55. 171 timings The Z80 has two types of mem ory accesses The first type is the instruc tion Op code or M1 fetch the second type covers all other writes and reads other than the Op code fetch The Op code fetch occurs at the beginning of each instruction It has the most critical timing requirements allowing only 142 clock cycles for a memory device to send out its data All other reads and writes allocate 2 clock cycles for the reading and writing of data In calculating the response time of a particular device you must also take into consideration the propagation delays of decoders and buffers Here is where the WAIT line becomes important By pull ing this line low when a particular mem ory device is selected you can add one or more cycles to the access times above Each of these additional cycles is called a wait state You can calculate the number wait states needed for a memory device with a particular access time using a worst case scenario The following can be used for the BB I when accessing one of the EPROM s Tclk 1 5 Tw Tclk PD U84 PD U78 79 EPROM access time from CE Tclk is the period of the system clock Tw is the number of wait states inserted PD U84 is the propagation delay of U84 from the falling edge of the pin 4 enable line 24 ns worst case and PD U78 79 Figure 2 Circuit to Generate Two Wait States WAIT pin24 Ugg with a MPS3640 and putting 33 ohm re sistors in series wi
56. 3 BIOS Changes to Allow Renaming Drives Jump around USER BREAK check Change to t D SKNAMES DB 0 15243 4 556 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 new SELDSK SUB CH CH MOV BX CX new MOV CL DISKNAMES BX new MOV BX CX The above table is set up to do no translation Rearranging the numbers in the first line changes disk names The following table swaps A and H DISKNAMES DB Disk Drive Names I have been talking with a few people who for one reason or another want a Slicer system with no floppies only a hard disk The biggest problem with do ing away with the floppies is that CP M 86 requires drive A to be on line for all warm boots On the Slicer drive A must bea floppy disk One way around this problem is to change the drive names in the BIOS A drive is selected by the SELDSK routine in the BIOS Entry to SELDSK requires CL to hold the drive name You could for example check whether CL is 0 for A and if so change it to 7 for H Now 711 253 455 36 0 8 9 10 11 912 13 14 15 anytime CP M requests drive A it gets the hard disk It is a good idea to also change a 7 to a 0 otherwise it would be impossible to access physical disk 0 Renaming drives can be handy at oth er times also If your work disk is drive M then floppies may not be needed not until you power down Also you may have submit programs or other pro grams which expect disks in particular drives A very nice way to
57. 6 level look ahead OTHELLO COM You learn it in minutes master it in years BIO COM Generates custom graphic biorhythm MM COM Master Mind WUMPUS COM Classic wumpus hunting KayPro Disk K4 Adventure This disk contains one 191K game Adventure ADV COM This is the latest greatest most cussed adventure ever devised by half mortals This is the 550 point version so the cave is greatly expanded and the creawres are much smarter KayPro Disk K5 MX 80 Graphics A complete Epson MX 80 printer graphics package including example files Same as K19 KayPro Disk K6 Word Processing Utilities A powerful line oriented text editor that looks like Unix s EX plus a scad of text utilities written in C which handles pretty printing shortening a file multiple space output add tabs remove trailing whitespace and more Also includes ROFF COM a very neat text formatter KayPro Disk K7 Small C Version 2 Compiler This is a greatly extended version of Ron Cain s Small C compiler Version 2 has more expressions and larger library true subset of Unix C Disk contains compiler documentation and library everything you need KayPro Disk K8 Small C Version 2 Source This disk contains the source written in Small C of the Small C version 2 compiler Get K8 if you want to try extending the compiler You must have K7 Kaypro Disk K2 Utilities KayPro Disk K9 ZCPR ZCPR The big news on this disk is the self installing versi
58. A 1FF2 LXI H EFFF 1FF5 MOV A M 1FF6 MOV M L 1FF7 ORA A 1FF8 JNZ D403 1FFB MOV C A 1FFC JMP D400 1FFF NOP 2000 5 Continue execution of DDSYSGEN and store the new system tracks G6DB 6F3 This calculates new checkbytes for the SWP loader G100 of the board between pins 16 and 15 of the 74LS123 chip U27 3 Solder the capacitor on the top side between pins 15 and 14 of U27 4 Solder a wire between pins 3 and 16 of U27 _ 5 Solder a wire between pins 1 and 8 of U27 6 Solder a wire between pin 11 of U118 7406 chip and pin 2 of U27 7 Finally solder a wire between pin 4 of U27 to the free lead pin 23 of the disk controller U109 8 Put the computer back together 34 fs Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 Figure 2 Yet Another Drive Power Controller POWER To DISK DRIVES OPTo ISOLATOR Figure 3 Floppy Delay Circuit for 820 i771 FLOPPY CONTROLLER 2g U109 It is likely that your disk system will now operate error free at a faster step rate The Xerox 820 I monitor sets the step rate to 10 ms for 8 inch to 30 ms for 51 4 inch you may want to lower both these values to 6 ms Another Disk Controller As a subscriber to Micro Cornucopia you probably have seen more disk con troller circuits in this magazine than Mi cro C issues you have received Here is yet another one which is a conglomera tion of previous circuits Not only did I want th
59. ADAPTEC MAC Build File modifications 1 Define the appropriate MSIZE val ue This most likely will be 57 or 58 de pending on the size of your hard disk 2 Define WINCH to equal the number of logical disks you want on the hard disk Add the variable WINDIR to define the number of directory entries 3 See Figure 6 for the rest of the gory details DEBLOCK MAC modifications In the DEBLOCK MAC file make the modifications shown in Figure 3 ADAPTEC MAC modifications In the ADAPTEC MAC file define the following variables 1 WSECTOR the number of sectors per track 2 WBYTES the number of bytes per sector 3 WHEAD the number of heads 4 WCYL the number of cylinders 5 WBADSEC the number of bad sectors found during the format In the disk characteristics table WIN STUFF define the number of RE SERVED tracks the sector length as not ed the deblock mask and bytes per sector Now assemble link and install the file as you would another CBIOS for the BBII You should now have a logical disk system installed on your SCSI port Good luck filling it up The Adaptec Controller One features of the ACB 4000 is it is necessary to FORMAT the Winchester using an ACB 4000 The controller stores the disk characteristics on the disk itself First to format a disk a MODE SELECT command is issued which passes the majority of format characteristics to the controller The data passed is block size cylinder
60. BEST HIGH CONTRAST ANTI GLARE DISPLAY YOU CAN BUY BAR NONE _ FEATURES Ey Custom Designed for the original Big Board OWE Heavy Duty all aluminum construction Mounts Two SA800 801R or equiv drives Vertically Has extra space for Switching or Linear Power Supplies Attractive painted cream finish with natural aluminum pre punched back plate x Pre punched cut outs for cooling fan 3 DB25 conn video conn keyboard conn on off switch AC power filter plug fuse reset switch and cooling slots Built in stand offs for mounting Big Board x Can also be used fora dual drive enclosure for other systems besides the Big Board 20x 12x 10 25 inches in size Canadian Orders add 8 shipping NEW LOWER PRICE 69 95 add 4 UPS Buy 2 or more at 65 ea Units shipped unassembled Limited Qty of mating PAMOTOR 8500D muffin fans avail at 12 Limited Qty of CDE APF600CEE 6 amp AC 3 wire receptical and line filter that fits our enclosure are avail at 3 50 each Limited Qty of 50 conductor dual disk drive ribbon cable and connector assemblies for your Big Board These feature GOLD Winchester Electronics connectors 15 each Add extra 1 UPS on above 3 items We accept VISA MC money orders or cash Personal checks OK but cause an extra 2 week delay for clearing Texas residents add 5 sales tax We ship to USA and Canada only 15 min order No phone orders yet ODD BALL ELECTRONICS P O BOX 879
61. D 34 AND 50 PIN DRIVE CONNECTORS ON DAUGHTER BOARD MAINTAINS SIGNALS TO EXISTING 820 BOARD CONNECTORS DECODED DRIVE SELECT LINES FOR FOUR DRIVES ENABLES PRECOMPENSATION SELECTION FOR 8 OR 51 DRIVES COMPOSITE VIDEO ADAPTOR ON BOARD PRICING X 8 ROM PACKAGE X120 BARE BOARD WITH DOCUMENTATION 26 00 X120 BOARD A amp T WITH DOCUMENTATION 140 00 X 8 ROM PACKAGE AND X120 BARE BOARD 72 00 X 8 ROM PACKAGE AND X120 BOARD A amp T 180 00 CUSTOM CABINETS DESK TOP ENCLOSURE FOR TWO HORIZONTAL MOUNTED FULL HEIGHT FOUR HALF HEIGHT DRIVES WITH SPACE FOR POWER SUPPLY AND 820 BOARD OR OTHER SIMILAR BOARD PORTABLE ENCLOSURE FOR DRIVES KEYBOARD POWER SUPPLY MONITOR AND BOARD INSTALLATION OF ROM AND BOARD REQUIRE A SMALL NUMBER OF MODIFICATIONS TO YOUR 820 BOARD CONTROLLER BOARDS REQUIRE ADJUSTMENT AFTER ASSEMBLY PRICES FOR CASH CHECK OR MONEY ORDER ADD 3 FOR VISA MASTERCARD 3 00 PER ORDER SHIPPING AND HANDLING 6 00 FOR COD EMERALD MICROWARE PO BOX 6118 ALOHA ORE 97007 503 642 1860 Micro Cornucopia KAYPRO USERS DISKS for KayPro II 4 and 10 KayPro Disk K1 Modem software This disk is absolutely priceless if you will be using a modem to communicate with bulletin boards other micros or mainframes MODEMPAT COM Menu selection of baud rate bits character stop bits amp parity for serial port MODEM7 COM Very popular MODEM 7
62. DUNCANVILLE TEXAS 75116 A clear sharp bright EASY TO SEE screen NO MATTER HOW BRIGHT THE ROOM LIGHT IS ONLY 89 95 EASY TO INSTALL YOURSELF 878 Jackman St Ste 192 El Cajon CA 92020 619 579 2435 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 41 FOR SALE SA800 2 Disk Drive SA850 Disk Drive Guaranteed 60 Days Standard Mounting Switching Power Supply 5 12 24 Will power 2 drives Keyboard by Microswitch 113 Hall Effect Keys 8 Bit output with DOC with case Knowledge And Mind Amplification System SA800 Head SA850 Head E Get a head start at developing applications in the exciting new area of Outline Processing With KAMAS you SA800 Stepper can organize ideas in a familiar outline form And retrieve them with astonishing speed using the built in KAM Ac SA850 Stepper cess Method C All under the precise control of an extensible programming environment The KAMAS language produces com pact threaded code and is integrated with the Outline Processing Source code can be entered with the built in text editor and stored in outline form providing extraordinary leverage for structured programming and development C a S cC a d e _ O The language is highly interactive and fast offering an outstanding environment for developing and testing applica tions using the Outline Processing Information Retrieval Word Processing and Telecommunications features a LJ Capi
63. Disk K20 Color Graphics Routines PACMAN COM This isa deluxe version of pacman for MicroSphere s color graphics board PIE COM Pie Chart generator SKETCH COM An easy way to sketch color graphic designs You can even use a joystick with this software see Micro C issue 18 for joystick interface Kaypro Disk K21 SBASIC Routines amp Screen Dump SBASIC Finally a disk of SBASIC software There are some good examples of structured programming on this disk including one program written both ways so you can see the difference SCREEN DUMP This is a screen dump for all Kaypros new and old You can buy a similar package elsewhere for 60 Kaypro Disk K22 ZCPR Again This disk is filled with ZPCR files You get ZPCR for the Kaypro II Kaypro 4 and the Kaypro 10 This version is fixed so that youcan pass control characters such as cntl P to the system and you can choose to have it recognize the semi colon for drive select as well as the colon So you can enter B or B to select drive B Super neat ZPCR for those of you who don t know makes CP M a lot friendlier It searches drive A for any COM file it doesn t find on the current drive the TYPE command scrolls text 24 lines at a time and a new LIST command outputs a file to the printer meyer Disk K23 Fast Terminal Software amp New BYE This disk contains interrupt driven terminal pro grams for all Kaypros If you are tired of being limited to 120
64. Hard Disk Utilities This disk is for the KayPro 10 or any KayPro with a Winchester drive With these routines you can not only backup files with printed directories of the backup disks you can also break up large files The backed up files are not encoded as they are with KayPro s backup routine so you can access them on any system KayPro Disk K16 Pascal Compiler This is a real Pascal compiler It supports only a subset of the language no records pointers booleans reals or complex but it generates a real COM file Everything is on this disk the compiler its source example programs and documentation KayPro Disk K17 Z80 Tools This is for those of you who are into Z80 assembly language XLATE COM A very good 8080 to Z80 translation routine DASM COM An easier to use version of ZZ SOURCE the Z80 disassembler This full disk includes source and documentation for both routines KayPro Disk K18 System Diagnostics Just as we finished editing the routines on this disk we received a copy of KayPro s diagnostic disk The memory test and drive exercise routines on this disk are more powerful than KayPro s versions Plus it s only 12 Setup for KayPro II and 4 KayPro Disk K19 Prowriter Graphics This is a complete Prowriter printer graphics package written by the same Micro C subscriber who wrote the MX 80 graphics package Plot points lines circles boxes and more Examples documentation Kaypro
65. ICE journalistic standards and away from the hidden ties that it has been accused of recently Although it is sometimes im possible to detect hidden connections between free lance writers and the prod ucts they are reviewing I heard a rumor that one of the PC magazines was recent ly told to fire a staff reviewer because he did a negative product review the man ufacturer was a big advertiser No doubt the expected shakeout of computer magazines will cause some publications to sell their souls or what s left of them in order to hang onto adver tisers while others try to survive by sell ing clean objective information It will be interesting to see which type suc ceeds Some Confessions My hands aren t totally clean my col umns aren t totally objective and I do pull a few punches though some people might dispute that Bring me your little shops your start ups and your huddled masses for I will lend them an ear I mean everyone has his hobby and mine is small entrepre neurs as opposed to tall fat entrepre e ULTRA HIGH RESOLUTION GRAPHICS PROGRAMMABLE UP TO 1024 x 1024 RESOLUTION GREAT FOR CAD SYSTEMS REAL TIME CLOCK MULTITASKING CAPABILITY TWO CHANNELS OF D A AND A D 12 BIT RESOLUTION MUSIC ROBOTICS 16K to 64K BOOT EPROM 16K TO 64K STATIC RAM PROGRAMMABLE BAUD RATE GENERATOR PARALLEL ASCII KEYBOARD INPUT 280 AP I KEYBOARD COMPATIBLE 4 LAYER P C B
66. INCH any errors are re ported to the console The method I used to convert the disk track and sector numbers to the correct block number was 1 Subtract the number of floppy disks from the disk requested 2 Multiply the result by the number of physical blocks per logical disk to obtain the offset from the beginning of the physical device to the desired logical disks 3 Multiply the number of sectors per track by the track number and add the sector number 4 Add the results obtained in steps 3 and 4 and you have the physical block number associated with the disk track and sector requested by CP M You could also use the DPB s OFF vari able which defines the number of re served tracks at the beginning of a disk I chose not to use this variable leaving it for future use The file also contains the data to define the physical characteristics of the drive used and the necessary logical disk char acteristics The selection of the file sys tem involves many trade offs which will not be discussed Pages 229 to 242 of In side CP M discusses the factors to con sider In the data referenced by the pointer WINSTUFF a variable BEXM is defined Additions were made to MA CRO MAC to calculate BEXM and is shown in Figure 5 Installation To install the software for your sys tem the following files must be modi fied 1 your favorite build file SWxxxx mac DSxxxx MAC or SSxxx MAC 2 DEBLOCK MAC 3
67. Issue 18 begin Main program readin filename assign chfile filename rewrite chfile repeat do_grid write_prompts get_char_data write chfile char_desc gotoxy 1 24 write Another char read ch until upease ch lt gt Y close chfile end 64K DYNAMIC RAM 2732 BOOT EPROM CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH CA ger and Turbo resident it blew up on re turn I guess you can t have everything Figure 5 is a sample session to illus trate this technique I ve had fun digging into the guts of Turbo and have been im pressed with what I found Editor s Note Due toa foul up in the inscrutable edi torial department the main portion of issue 18 s program was not printed Figure 6 in this issue is the rest of that program write Enter name of character data file Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 17 SOUTHERN COMPUTER CORP The Cost Efficient ria BAB AA gm Programmer T moe OE J Mert Mane Tas eek Bottom avetitwe x x S ese ono tau R x K i a yar toe a Dealer inquiries welcome Shown in test mode DISPLAY FUNCTIONS GENERAL e Bright 1 high display system e Fast and standard programming e Stand alone operation external e Progress indicated during algorithms terminal not needed for full programming e Single key commands command set e Error messages Search finds data strings up to 256 bytes long 28 pin sockets KEYBOARD Electron
68. MHz 8 DS 4 MHz e Instructions tell how to run 5 drives 5 SS 2 5 MH e Special features have been added in A 50 34 pin disk drive adapter board is s 5 z cluding a deluxe pause screen print included with 5 disk orders e Printer drivers are built in selectable in and clock the IOBYTE e Source code is available for 25 after you sign a disclosure agreement Easy to change port parameters For Orders We accept MasterCard Visa Money Orders or checks Shipping charges and applicable taxes will be added Call or write for delivery time Prices and specifications sub ject to change without notice Trademarks CO POWER 88 ATR8000 SWP Inc Z80 Zilog CP M CP M 86 Digital Research Inc IBM PC IBM MSDOS Microsoft Kaypro Kaypro Corp Zorba Mod Comp Inc Xerox Xerox Corp Actrix Actrix Corp Osborne Osborne Computer 2500 E Randol Mill Rd Arlington Texas 76011 a Y wT A 817 469 1181 MICROCOMPUTER PRODUCTS INC 817 861 0421 125 54 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 BB I Directory For Micro C By Victor Dolcourt The price of the Digital Research Computers BB I has dropped so low that many people who sill believe in 8 bit sys tems will just have to buy one Our friends at DRC however have recog nized that the BB I is not a consumer or personal computer What they really mean is that the doc umentation is so thin that a subscription to Mic
69. Model 2A only Original Kaypro routines in a faster part Gold Switch Contacts Plug In Components for all Circuit Modifications Detailed illustrated instructions For Kaypro Il s amp IV s manufactured before Sept 1983 all IC s socketed Kaypro Il Kit 2A 39 95 Kaypro IV Kit 4A 34 95 Order No 4A if you have installed a MICRO C Custom Pro Monitor EPROM in your Il For Kaypro Il s amp IV s with small IC s soldered to board Serious installation is required You must de solder two IC s and install sockets Money back guarantee still applies Sockets need not be re moved for returns plug in restoration of orig inal circuit Free replacement of IC s damaged during desoldering Order Kit 4B 39 95 HIGHLAND MICROKIT P O Box 21C Highland MD 20777 52 GET IN THE FAST LANE WITHOUT BURNING YOUR WALLET with a U S ROBOTICS 1200 BAUD MODEM Product Features Cash Price 1 4 5 mix List Auto Dial 212A 1200 300 baud auto answer dial 425 405 599 Password Coat pocketable Auto Dial 212A 339 319 449 Password 300 300 baud version of Password 159 147 199 Telpac Modem Software from USR 69 959 79 Lamp CPM 80 Modem Software from Widener Consulting 20 Latest Technology Two Year Warranty All units are direct connect full or half duplex 1200 300 baud software compatible with the Hayes Smartmodems The Auto Dial has two RJ11C jacks analog selftest status LED s an
70. Motor On REEE Sd Drive Select w6 aE 5V AFTER E a Motor On A Brive Select Ge 3E 2c Brief Instructions 1 Remove the drives as outlined in Micro C 13 2 Remove the board from the drive 3 Cut the trace between chip 2c pins 1 and2 4 Jumper chip 2c pin 2 to chip 4f pin 5 5 Remove jumpers w6 w7 and w9 this varies I had two different boards in my computer but both were similiar 6 Make sure the hs jumper is in place first pin pair 1 16 of shunt 1e the drive address jumper 7 Remove the cr 23 unused in the Kaypro 8 Jumper chip 3e pin 3 I found this as one of the pads of w6 to chip 2c pin 3 9 Reinstall I used some of the circuitry that was not being used and used a NOR that had the inputs tied to produce an in verter This installation took about an hour for the first of the drives and about twen ty minutes for the second I am just a be ginning hacker I try And this worked the first time Peter Pressley 1151 Montalban Dr San Luis Obispo CA 93401 60 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 MICROCRON o o o Finally a real time calendar clock for the 820 820II and Big Board Time stamp files document printouts Your computer need never ask YOU the time again We use an OKI clock chip with a lithium battery backup Crystal controlled to time resolutions of one second 12 24 hr format even keeps track of leap year Board simply plugs into parallel port It
71. O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 8048 Re eee N ES ere ere ADVERTISER S INDEX Advent Products Amber Vision Ampro Computers Inc Arkon Engineering Artisoft Inc 0e eee Astrotronics Microsystems BV Engineering Bee Mor Enterprises Biegun amp Associates Borland International C amp D Enterprises Cal Tex Computers Inc Cascade Electronics CompuSophic Systems D amp LN Company Digital Dynamics Digital Research Computers 17 Inside Front Cover Emerald Microware Ferguson Engineering Inside Back Cover GRD Techniques Inc 58 Goodin Peripherals Graphtech Haventree Software Highland MicroKit Huntington Data Systems Integrand Kenmore Computer Technologies L A Software L Band Systems Linger Enterprises Inc 56 Manx Software Systems Micro Cornucopia Microgroup Microprocessors Unlimited Back Cover MicroSphere Inc 21 Motel Computer Ltd 51 Odd Ball Electronics Optronics Technology Periphco Phenix Company PluPerfect Systems Rivendell Audiocomp SWP Inc Slicer Computers Inc 28 29 Southern College Computer Services Southern Computer Corporation Sven Erlandsson Swap File Full TC Controls Tom Woodrow Twist ING cess des ceca ete aerun Unified Software Systems Widener Consulting Wilcox Enterprises Wren Zippe Systems BACK ISSUES 3 00 each US CAN MEX ISSUE NO 1 8 81 Power Supply
72. OR 97304 Dear Editor I bought my Kaypro to fight the state If the Governor Attorney General and the Board of Pharmacy disappear you ll know my Kaypro got them Frank Nichols 5246 SE 62 Portland OR 97206 Dear Editor I have satisfactorily installed the 5 MHz speedup and am in the process of finding which of my programs will work at the faster speed Perfect Writer seems to work all right but PluPerfect writer doesn t All is well until it begins swap ping then it goes bananas I thought it would be interesting to try the benchmark programs used in the April issue of BYTE to compare the Rain bow 100 to the Victor 9000 and the IBM PC See Figure 1 for the results _ Michael R Fenn PO Box 23555 167 San Diego CA 92123 Figure 1 Benchmark Times KPRO KPRO 2 5 MHz 5 MHz Empty do loop 6 4 9 6 Division 23 8 38 1 Subroutine jump 12 4 15 5 Benchmark IBM PC MID substring 23 0 28 3 1 Prime number 190 0 197 6 98 Disk write 32 0 42 8 3 MASTERING CP M Review by Bob Ghormley KOBV As a relative novice on the inner workings of CP M I found Mastering CP M by Alan Miller most enlightening It presents a well written treatment of how CP M operates and how to interface with its inner workings For example the Alan shows how to use the CP M BDOS basic disk operat ing system to print a character or a string of characters on the console This eliminates the need to use PFM 80 or your system monitor for
73. P M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Terms Orders paid for with a cashier s check or bank card will be shipped within three working days Orders paid for with a persona check will be shipped within three weeks NEW LOWER PRICES ITH 16 PARTS CAL TEX COMPUTERS INC 780 E TRIMBLE ROAD 504 e SAN JOSE CA 95131 408 942 1424 Add 5 for packing amp shipping in North America 4 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 The BB II and the Winny By Roy Epperson Cal Tex s Big Board II hardware sup ports the ANSC X3T9 2 SCSI Small Computer System Interface interface commonly known as the SASI inter face The CBIOS supplied by Cal Tex provides the software support for the XEBEC Inc SASI controller and 51 4 Winchester Hard Disk and a maximum of 8 Mbytes of storage I will discuss two modifications made to the CBIOS to support multiple logical disks on a single Winchester Hard Disk and the Host Adapter Software neces sary to support the Adaptec Inc ACB 4000 Series Disk Controller The implementation uses the Adap tec Inc ACB 4000 SCSI Winchester Disk Controller and the Rodime R204 51 4 Winchester Hard Disk Although the discussion is specifically directed to wards the BBII the same theory applies directly to other systems Why logical disks A logical disk is the division of a larger physical disk into smaller units There are several reasons for defining logical disks on a
74. Poo vV MICROPROCESSORS UNLIMITED 24 000 South Peoria Ave 91 8 267 4961 BEGGS OK 74421 Prices shown above are for June 291984 higher prices on some parts due to world wide shortages Shipping and Insurance extra Cash discount prices shown Small orders received by 6 PM CST can usually be delivered to you by the next morning via Federal Express Standard Air 5 99 MICRO CORNUCOPIA The Single Board Systems Journal P O BOX 223 BEND OREGON 97709 aIvd J VLSOAd S N w oe f A O gt ALVA ATINA aei is zZ 9 gt gt J daJALNVUAVND ADVLSOd ONIGUVMAOA
75. S ger S pitii SNRA hi tas a pf A WAT STENS N a aN i m PI a p ue li u 9 oap N a Be Hy Bie 7 w e N oat August 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS The BBII and the Winny 6MHz on the BB I Bulletin Boards Getting It Together Pascal Procedures The Yin and Yang of EPROM Programmers Kaypro Column SBASIC Column Track Buffering on the Slicer C ing Clearly FORTHwords Xerox 820 Column 4MHz for the 820 I EZ Prommer for the BBI and 820 On Your Own BB I Directory for Micro C Technical Tips THE ORIGINAL BIG BOARD OEM INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS SCIENTIFIC SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT Z 80 CPU 64K RAM DO NOT CONFUSE WITH ANY OF OUR FLATTERING IMITATORS PARTIALLY ASSEMBLED KITS For All Sockets Installed And Soldered Add 50 Not For Blank PCB was licensed by Xerox Corp as the basis for their 820 computer run on the Big Board without any modifications needed FULLY SOCKETED 64K RAM Uses Industry standard 4116 RAM s All 64K is available to the user our VIDEO and EPROM sections do not make holes in system RAM Also very special care was taken in the RAM array PC layout to eliminate potential noise and glitches Z 80 CPU Running at 2 5 MHZ Handles all 4116 RAM refresh and supports Mode 2 INTERUPTS Fully buffered and runs 8080 software SERIAL I O OPTIONAL Full 2 channels using the Z80 SIO and the SMC 8116 Baud Rate Generator FULL RS232 For synchronous or asynchronous communicat
76. TANDON 848 1 power supply maxi keyboard and 500 in software All only 795 Jim 305 255 2924 NS a Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 59 TECHNICAL TIPS Inverting the Negative Sync on the Xerox 820 I 1 Remove U117 Bend out pin5 Rein sert U117 into socket 2 Solder a thin insulated wire wire wrap wire for example from pin 5 of the socket of U117 to pin 11 of the socket of U89 3 Solder a wire from pin 10 socket U89 to the bent out pin 5 on U117 Route wire through hole near C72 Bertrand Berlin 33 Ellen Ct Wayside NJ 07712 BB I RAM Update I have done both Marshall s issue 11 and Boehm s 12 13 256K mods I wanted 4164 DDRAM because I planned on using a DynaDisk when I started and I wanted a fast way to test the memory chips Both mods work fine but they do not work the same way With the Boehm mod you must have all 256K to run peri od because the memory is inter leaved 16K of each bank is used for each lower 48K block and the upper un switched bank uses only 16K of the chips The PIO simply supplies a memo ry address offset With the Marshall mod you should use one three or four banks two banks will be only 64K same as one bank Since I don t know of any CP M 2 2 BB software that uses the extra memory I am running only a single bank using the Marshall mod To do this pin 9 of U1 8 RAM must be tied back to U59 74157 pin 9 It should only be grounded i
77. The stepper motor drives the read write head via a pulley and a metal band called a taut band The taut band seems to work very well but the pulley some times gets loose If the pulley is loose you may be able to align the drive down to a gnat s earlobe only to find that a short time later it s out again You may also find that you can t align the drive using the concentric screw on the rear of the drive the pulley has slipped too far The pulley is held in place by a hose clamp Dana s words that s clamped by a small Allen screw Tighten down the screw and then see if you can still align the drive using the concentric on the rear You ll have to remove the drive s circuit board to expose the clamp If the concentric won t adjust far enough you ll have to loosen the clamp and then move the pulley slightly with respect to the stepper shaft Then tighten down the clamp and try again Kaypro 10 and 84 drive problems The system latch on the Kaypro 10 is tied directly to the drive interface which means that the drive select and side se lect lines are unbuffered where have we heard this before Well the system latch is a 74LS244 and when it tries to pull downa line tied high with a 150 ohm ter minating resistor it has trouble Too much trouble If your 10 or 84 system is having trou ble reading writing or formatting disks you should replace the 150 ohm termi nating pack with something greater than 400
78. Turbo Pascal 2 0 49 95 5 00 Exp dates Compur Turbo Pascal with 8087 support Disk Format 89 95 5 00 D RBORWAND Please be sure model number amp format are correct ____ Update 1 0 to 2 0 Must be accom Name ee 4 the original master 29 95 z INT ER N ATI 0 NAL Aa TPO Borland international 3 Ee _____Update 1 0 to 8087 Must be 118 Seats Valley Drive City State Zip Scotts Valley California 95066 Telephone lt TELEX 172373 California residents add 6 sales tax Outside U S A add 15 00 if ae eee a aad outside of U S A payment must be by bank draft payable in the U S and in U S dollars Sorry no C O D or Purchase Orders accompanied by the original master 69 95 5 00 Pascal Procedures By John P Jones This column is a collection of bits and pieces various odds and ends of interest to Pascal freaks like myself Standard Pascal Standard Pascal has some significant shortcomings For this reason most au thors of Pascal compilers have added nu merous extensions to the language The problem is that not all the extensions have been implemented with the same syntax or features The programmer is then faced with a dilemma should pro grams be written for maximum portabili ty using only standard features or should they take advantage of the addi tional features a compiler provides The most important factor in the deci sion is wheth
79. WER SUPPLY 50 o 5 volts at 20 amps o Fuly tested o Call for avalability C amp D ENTERPRISES 75 North Street Saco Maine 04072 207 282 4401 Add 2 for shipping For the BIG BOARD and other SBC s Assembled tested and burned in 48 hours e 5V 4A DVP 24 V 2 5A 12V 2A e All supplies have over current protection e Bell circuit and Piezo speaker for BB e Low line warning circuit brown out e Input 105 120 VAC 50 60 Hz 1 0 A e 4 5 H 3 8 D 11 L 5 Ib S BASIC TUTORIAL 140 pages includ ing index of letter size sheets for 3 ring binder covering the aspects of S Basic Programming with references to M Basic Send 20 00 money order to cover cost for copying and mailing to Sven Erlandsson 3268 Leon Brisebois lle Bizard Quebec Canada H9C 1W2 110 DAUGHTER BOARD FOR THE WD2795 DSDD CONTROLLER CONNECTORS PLUS 5 S amp H 1 9 ONAWINGS COMPATIBLE WITH FOR YOUR 29 Sir 59 2795 79 KIT with DRAWINGS DOUBLE DENSITY HARDWARE ANY COMPUTER USING WD 1771 chee ONLY 1 00S amp H LISTEN Your computer could be talking to you through the BIG MOUTH from ASTROTRONICS True speech synthesis for ANY computer through your printer port parallel or serial Using our BIG MOUTH speech synthesizer with its 280 CPU and SSI 263 third generation phonetin speech synthesizer Text to speech Will run on any computer No softw
80. When this occurs the DMA is through transferring data The DMA is pro grammed to do byte transfers For each instruction in the status loop one byte of data is transferred between the Host Adapter and the SCSI device The mini mum length status loop is loop in a port and mask jr condition loop The program length is 3 instructions 6 bytes and 29 T states long A 1024 bytes sector takes 2 475 milliseconds to trans fer By adding a series of nops the trans fer period can be reduced by increasing the number of bytes transferred per continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 THE BBII AND THE WINNY continued from page 7 loop For this loop the transfer period is reduced to 1 568 ms loop nop nop nop nop nop in a port and mask jr condition loop CP M Interface Software When CP M uses a disk it makes sev eral requests to the BIOS before doing the read or write It selects the desired disk number track and sector and then issues the appropriate read or write re quest The sequence stores the necessary data for floppy disk controllers Howev er SCSI controllers communicate in physical block numbers The routines in ADAPTED MAC con vert the disk track and sector informa tion to the appropriate block number The routine DOWINCH does the con version builds the appropriate com mand and calls SASIDRV routine in ACB4000 MAC When control is re turned to DOW
81. a bit low and might be corrected by adding a small capacitor in series with the crystals but so far we haven t done this 2 The operation was very erratic Some chips would work in some sock ets but not in others Sometimes the keyboard would not input Our test equipment is not very sophisticated but we decided that 2N2905 Q1 transistor was not doing its job Here in the boonies you try what you have on hand and our final selection was a TIP30 which is in a TO220 case and looks out of place and requires screwing the leads around to make it fit the board It works like a charm however and cured problems in both boards 3 There wasn t any output at 4MHz or 2MHz from U12 There are two spare gates on U9 so jumper E2 was removed and pin 9 of U9 was connected to pin 12 of U9 Pin 8 of U9 was connected to 11 of U9 This adds an extra buffer to the oscil lator and sharpens the rise and fall time of the oscillator signals Probably higher activity crystals and a handful of 2N2905s would have made these changes unnecessary but the changes worked for us Ken Stone 641 Grant Avenue Twin Falls ID 83301 Dear Editor I don t know where y all stand on Build Your Own Z80 Computer by Steve Ciarcia Byte Books 1981 but this book is great for learning what all those chips do He doesn t try to cover everything floppy disks aren t included for exam ple but if you understand everything in this book you re probably
82. abs c include dtoi c called by these functions include itod c include itou c include itox c include left c include out c include printf c include sign c include stremp c include utoi c include xtoi c SSS a a ET a IT I A TE IIE ET OEE TT TAO E TA 30 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 sembler and a linker You assemble your program and link it with the runtime li brary i e all the other stuff which has been pre compiled This is a great time and space saver Don t get the idea that this program compiled right off cause it didn t I tried to cut corners by using an include at the bottom of HELLO to another include file instead of all those separate includes This did not work since small c does not allow nested include files Rats So I put in all the includes like it said to in the directions if all else fails I then used the submit file C SUB to compile the file Snail C Compiler Well it compiled this time It took about two minutes to compile the 1k HELLO program into a 7k COM file which is pretty slow I m using a 5MHz Z80 with a ram disk The compiler also produced about 54k of ASM file to hand to the assembler Now you know why small c is public domain Most users would be pulling their hair out if they had to use such tools The Moral of the Story Well Mike I got it to work and I found out a couple of interesting things 1
83. allows you to add on the most popular Big Board accessories all on one board BANK SWITCHED MEMORY 64K to Mbyte of dynamic RAM with delay line timing and 8K to 32K of EPROM or battery backed STATIC RAM Advanced HOLE memory mapping for ultra fast RAMdisk operation Z80 I O One SIO two PIOs and one CTC The SIO and PIOs are fully buffered with the same header connections as the BB I OTHER I O One ADC0808 8 input 8 bit A D converter two DAC 800 8 bit D A converters one AY 3 8910 programmable sound generator and one MM58167 battery backed real time clock SIMPLE PIGGYBACK INSTALLATION NO MODIFICATIONS TO BB I NEEDED Main board is the same size as the BB I and runs at 2 5 or 4 MHz Versatile connection scheme allows for further expansion RAMdisk software provided COM and MAC for SWP DD or standard DRC CBIOS It installs a 250K drive M and patches the MM58167 as the clock display The patch can be easily modified for other types of CBIOS Also included are system checkout and utility software All parts except delay line are easily obtainable We provide source lists Pro quality schematics on two large blueprints for easy reference 99 95 Bare daughter and main boards solder masked and silk screened a and 8 in SSSD software disk 16 95 Delay lin l Shipping and handling ada Check or money order only no CODs y He MM 4 4 a ae oe oe oe y U S A 5 00 Canada 8 00
84. ancy 3 Epson MX80 setup for BB 1 with 59 5K CP M 4 Epson MX8 setup for any CP M lets you set print modes 5 Micro Tek print driver Ports A amp B USERS DISK 12 Games for BB I 1 ALIENS a fast exciting arcade game 2 ZCHESS chess with a 1 6 level look ahead 3 MASTERMIND match wits with the computer 4 BIO Biorhythm charts complete with graphics on the BB I 5 LIFE so fast it s real animation 6 CRAPS see how much you d lose in Vegas 7 WUMPUS a caver s delight kill the Wumpus or be killed 8 PRESSUP similar to Othello 9 Games 7 games in one program includes blackjack maze and animal USERS DISK 13 General Utilities BB 1 1 ZZSOURCE disassembles to real Zilog mnemonics 2 EX14 superset of submit or supersub 3 MOVPATCH lets you use MOVECPM on other copies of CP M 4 XMON 3K expanded BB I monitor use in ROM or as overlay 5 CURSOR prompts you for cursor char you want 6 UMPIRE very fancy RAM test 7 ZSIDFIX display improvement for ZSID 8 PIPPAT modify PIP so you can reset system from within PIP 9 Lets you use the BB as a calculator including HEX 10 SORT sort package written in C80 USERS DISK 14 BB II Software 1 PRO32 latest 2732 reader amp programmer 2 SMODEM2 lets BB II talk to Hayes Smartmodem 3 GRAFDEMO demonstrates BB II graphics in BASIC FOTIR IESI demonstrates BB II graphics in JRT Pascal 5 INITSIO initializes port B for 300 or 1200 baud 6 MENU displays menu of COM files ent
85. anged Sectors which have not been changed are not written A big problem with this method sur faces when the disk is changed For the first read or write to the new disk the buffered track is still from the old disk Either the sector returned to CP M will be from the old disk or the buffered track will be written to the wrong disk Thus it is important to flush the track buffer whenever there is a possibility of a disk change A Flushed Buffer In the Slicer BIOS the track buffer is 2543 Marshall Street NE Minneapolis MN 55418 612 788 9481 flushed whenever there is a write to the directory or a warm boot Closing a file causes a write to the directory So oncea file is closed disks can be changed or the computer can be shut off without losing information The track buffer can also be flushed by typing control C which generates a warm boot When the Slicer flushes the track buff er the data in the buffer is marked as invalid The next disk read or write oper ation forces a track read This guarantees that if the disk is changed the right track will be put into the buffer Situations may arise where the Slicer does an un necessary track read Suppose a write to the directory has just occurred This will flush the buffer and mark the buffer contents as invalid Now suppose the next operation is a directory read which is very likely The directory is currently in the buffer so a track read is not needed However s
86. any more era 1 asm turn the hex file into an executable com file load 1 3 and get rid of the hex file era 1 hex Dear Mike I have mixed feelings about public do main software On one hand it s free on the other it seems that Sturgeon s Law applies 90 of everything is trash and in the case of public domain software the remaining 10 has a hard time run ning right Small c is now past its prime When it was developed the only C compilers available were on minis or cost 300 500 bucks for micros Even though the com piler has been improved it seems that it is still harder to use than the cheap C compilers now on the market It is still offered though to guys like you who want to tinker with a new language Now this is too bad it sours people on the use of C to solve problems Who wants to build a house with a tack ham mer and a hacksaw I sympathize with you in the process of writing this col umn I spent two hours easy trying to get small c 2 going Here is how I did it How I Did It First I read all the documentation on the disk The file SAMPLE DOC has the best instructions for using small c Then I copied the following files to my disk my editor my utilities PIP X DIR ASM LOAD etc SMC COM the 6708 Melrose Los Angeles CA 90038 small c compiler c all the c library files and hello c I did not copy the cc files Look at the HELLO C listing Here you see a small c
87. arch PFM occupies one of the four 2716 EPROM locations provided 2 80 is a Trademark of Zilog Digital Research Computers OF TEXAS P O BOX 461565 GARLAND TEXAS 75046 214 271 3538 TERMS Shipments will be made approximately 3 to 6 weeks after we receive your order VISA MC cash accepted We will accept COD s for the Big Board only with a 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping USA AND CANADA ONLY TRADEMARK OF DIGITAL RESEARCH NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIGITAL RESEARCH OF CALIFORNIA THE ORIGINATORS OF CPM SOFTWARE 1 TO 4 PIECE DOMESTIC USA PRICE MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 8048 Editor amp Publisher David J Thompson Assistant Editor Eric Belden Graphic Design Sandra Thompson Technical Department Dana Cotant Eric Roby Advertising Director Alice Holbrow Staff Assistants Dorcas Dsenis Tracey Braas Cary Gatton Typography Patti Morris amp Martin White Irish Setter MICRO CORNUCOPIA is the single board systems journal sup porting systems programming lan guages and single board systems including the Big Board Big Board II Xerox 820 Kaypro and Slicer MICRO CORNUCOPIA is pub lished six times a year by Micro Cor nucopia of Oregon P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 SUBSCRIPTION RATES lt 1 yr 6 issues gn 16 00 1 yr first class 22 00 1 yr Canada amp Mexico 22 00 1 yr other foreign 30
88. are required 400 character buffer Embed phonemes in those special words don t fit the rules foreign words etc Programable vocal tract frequency intlection rate duration pitch articluation amplitude for all 64 phonemes Can be programed to make sound effects and can even be programed it to SING 125 Shipping amp handling 1 50 Californin res add 6 tax 1137 TOPAZ ST 714 734 6006 CORONA CA 91720 text for that names The BIG MOUTH kit all parts ine PCB Z80 SSI 263 EPROM amp Inst AstroTronics MICROSYSTEMS AMP DISK DRIVE KIT OF 2 EACH WITH PINS 5 Plus 1 S amp H nd Mgrs lt BIG BOARD The LA CAJA Enclosure w Power Supply cm brother HR 15 LOW COST DAISY WHEEL PRINTER o CASSETTE TYPE PRINT WHEELS AND RIBBONS e RS232 C OR CENTRONICS PARALLEL e BI DIRECTIONAL PLATEN AND HEAD i e PROPORTIONAL MICRO ADJUSTMENT i e GRAPHIC PRINTING e BOLD PRINTING e 2K BUFFER e INSTALLS LIKE DIABLD 620 630 PARALLEL 4 99 PLUS 20 SHIPPING AstroTronics MICROSYSTEMS BIG BOARD COMPATIBLE California residents add 6 tax on all items phone evenings California time 299 PLUS 20 S amp H STANDARD FEATURES INCLUDE CABLES AVAILABLE e Power Supply of fa 5V 4A OVP 24V 2 5A 12V 2A All voltages are current protected e Reset Switch e Fan e Key lock Power e Solid Sta
89. ariable space It is NOT compatible with the MARK RELEASE method and both methods should not be used in the same program Turbo Tips When debugging Turbo programs in memory mode with one of the machine code debuggers like DDT SID or ZSID you can set breakpoints and examine modify variables even though at run Figure 3 Example of Overlay program example overlay procedure init _vars overlay procedures wanted in the same overlay area must be contiguous overlay procedure instructions overlay procedure process_input procedure useful non overlay procedure terminates this area overlay procedure sub_menu_0 start of second overlay area overlay procedure sub_menu_1 overlay procedure sub_menu_2 overlay procedure main_menu begin example init_vars instructions main menu end Figure 4 Pascal Symbol Table 00 1E i F6 a 00 B3 45 4C 42 41 49 52 1 A 00 a 10 8 ELBAIRAV Figure 5 Running Turbo Program under ZSID A gt zsid turbo com ZSID VERS 1 4 NEXT PC END 7800 0100 B7FF g 3g command executes Turbo which can be run normally After the program is entered and compiled with the breakpoints needed 3 run with the Turbo R command 8156 sbreakpoint executed 8156 you can now 3 look at the symbol table and examine modify variables 3 fix the pc 3 xp P 8156 8157 to instruction beyond breakpoint g continue from breakpoint 81A3 snext breakpoint reached
90. assem bly language programs Has 51 functions Includes source which assembles under ASM USERS DISK 7 1 CHNGPFM PFM monitor mods 2 TERM terminal routines let you set up BB as simple terminal asa file receiver or asa file sender 3 Checkbook balancing package 4 Disk Utilities copy to memory from memory and dump USERS DISK 8 FORO custom BDSC I O for BB 1 both h and c 2 YAM Yet Another Modem program in source amp COM form Turns BB into paging intelligent terminal complete with printer interface baud rates to 9600 3 ROFF text formatter 4 SIGNS prints large block letters USERS DISK 9 1 ADVENTURE expanded 550 pt version 2 Keyboard translation program 3 CBIOS serial amp parallel printer interface tEAM programming package for BB II for 2732s only USERS DISK 10 Lots of Disk Utilities 1 REBOOT sets up the CP M auto load 2 SWEEP directory file transer routine 3 A Lets BB I recognize a double sided drive as one drive with 494K of usable space 4 FIX super disk utility does everything much easier to use than DU77 5 Compare files routine 6 UNERA retrieve erased files l 7 FIND check all drives on system for a file 8 MENU menu program for CP M 9 NEWCAT enhanced disk catalog program 10 Single drive copy program that does track by track copies rather than file by file USERS DISK 11 Printer Utilities 1 Microline 92 printer routine 2 Graphics display package for MX 80 with Graftrax very f
91. ate power of ten and then added toa double precision summing variable While BCD1 works it is slow and defi nitely not an example of good FORTH programming Its primary flaw is the use of a named variable instead of summing directly on the stack BCD2 is a modifica tion that leaves the intermediate sum on the stack BCD1 and BCD2 are still slow One cause of the crawlis the high digit which must be multiplied by 100 000 more than 16 bits They get around this prob lem by using two 16 bit multiplies in stead of just one Very few FORTHs have a 32 bit multiply and must use this sepa ration technique All of the multiplies are by powers of 10 A trick is used in BCD3 the current sum is multiplied by 10 a BCD left shift and the next lower digit added By the time all 6 digits have been added the highest digit will be shifted to its cor rect location This same trick is used in NUMBER in fig FORTH systems Multiplies by 10 can be accomplished with only 4 adds much faster than using the general purpose multiply algorithm First a copy is made of the original num ber The copy is added to itself multiply by 2 and this intermediate result is add ed to itself multiply by 4 Next you add the original value to the current value multiply by 5 and finally add this sum to itself multiply by 10 Since a double precision duplicate and add words are available you can perform 32 bit multi ply by ten operations in thi
92. ause the Xerox board is has four layers of circuit ry You see Xerox sandwiched 5 and ground layers between the normal A and B signal planes of the PC board This is an excellent practice since it helps reduce noise problems frees up additional signal channels and reduces ground loop problems The problem arises when a chip input is tied to power or ground This is the problem with pin 21 of the EPROMS Pin 21 of a2716is normally tied to VCC when being used in the data read mode This pin becomes the A11 input on a 2732 Since the leg of the socket on the 820 I is tied directly to the power plane 8 Lincoln Ave Erial NJ 08081 609 435 1544 it is necessary to take a new 24 pin sock et bend pin 21 of the socket out to a hori zontal position and insert the new sock et into the old EPROM socket This flying lead is then connected to a via hole near U35 1 which supplies signal A11 from U35 1 This is done to both EPROM sockets in addition to those in figure 2 Figure 2 CUTS U62 14 B side U62 15 B side U63 18 A side U64 18 A side ADDS U62 14 to U34Bq1 U62 15 to U34B 2 U64 18 to U34B 3 U62 13 to U3Z34B 4 U62 12 to U34B 5 U63 18 to U34B 6 I often leave my computer unattended while it is doing a lengthy assembly or print operation Since there is no easy way to control the intensity of my CRT I was concerned that I might burn the CRT screen if I there were no screen activity for a long
93. available Send Checks or Money Orders to D amp LN Company 1780 Golden Gate Dr Pocatello 1D 83201 208 238 0785 solid I really like LA Software s RAM disk and Turbo Pascal because both are VERY fast I really like the Slicer though we are not yet using the Slicer for much yet be cause of limited software In fact the Slicer folks are the only ones I m allow ing to write a column in Micro C on their own product You see they are doing so many neat new things with it and they are such a wealth of general information that even I enjoy the material they send in Very unusual Sometimes I like dBASE II Byte Dr Dobbs and M80 I don t like MicroSoft s BASIC I don t like SuperSoft s anything I don t like slow mail order houses who promise that they will ship that day and when you call them back you find out that they are expecting stock Jade has been guilty of this and I don t like oysters in any form And that s the squishy truth we David J Thompson Editor amp Publisher Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 51 HIGHLAND MICROKIT KAYPRO SPEEDUP For 2 5 MHz Models SIMPLE INSTALLATION 4 OR 5 MHz OPERATION MICRO C CIRCUIT DESIGN IN KIT FORM e NO ALTERATION OF ORIGI NAL PARTS MONEY BACK GUARANTEE OF SATISFACTION Return for 100 REFUND if you do not like the speedup or if it does not work on your machine INCLUDES Z80B Microprocessor Monitor Eprom
94. be very care ful Take time to make sure the trace you are cutting is really the correct one Traces sometimes take off at strange an gles once they are hidden underneath chips and sockets If you re not 100 per cent sure that it s the right trace check it with an ohmmeter It may take a little longer but it s usually worth the effort 4MHz Mod The 4Mhz modification is similar to the modifications for the BBI described by Otto Hiller in issue 3 of Micro C The clock is a true 50 50 signal and meets the setup and hold times of the Z80A I sug gest using 200 250ns RAM chips as a minimum in order to allow sufficient RAS precharge time Figure 1 4 MHz Modification CUTS U10 4 A side U11 4 B side U11 5 B side ADDS U10 5 to U12 8 B side U12 10 to U9 3 B side U10 4 to U12 9 B side U11 3 to U71 1 B side U11 4 to U25 11 B side REMOVE U12 74LS290 Y2 20 Mhz Crystal INSTALL Y2 16 Mhz crystal Additional Mods The following modifications require the addition of a 74LS08 and XEROX has been kind enough to provide us with a spare chip location between U34 and U36 Insert a 14 pin socket solder it in and install the 74LS08 in the new socket I ll call this U34B for the remainder of this article The change from 2716 to 2732 EPROMS involves the use of flying leads Editor s note the name came from a Barnum and Bailey trapeze troupe on the component A side of the board We have to pull a pin bec
95. brary routines you can list them out separately run them separately or divide them up again Almost like a unix environment DISPLAY VLIST PGLST Additional screen and print utilities KayPro Disk K12 FORTH Yep this is FORTH one of the most unique most extendable languages known and fora paltry 12 00 This disk contains not just one FORTH but two along with an editor decompiler and 8080 assembler The editor even uses the cursor control keys FORTH This is true fig FFORTH KFORTH A very nicely extended version of fig FORTH PLUS all the rest of the FORTH goodies Forth Heaven KayPro Disk K13 Source of fig FORTH All this disk contains is the 40K ASM source of fig FORTH with the hooks in place for the KayPro This disk is for FORTH hackers who just can t leave anything alone Look you probably have faults too The source of FORTH is here because there isn t room on K12 This is the only disk that isn t stuffed KayPro Disk K14 Smartmodem Programs This is the disk for you if you have a Smartmodem compatible modem SMODEMK Smartmodem program set up for the KayPro and source XMODEM Lets you remotely control your KayPro from a distant computer KAYTERM This is the information you need to run or write modem software on the KayPro The following are full disks of software assembled for the KayPro Each program has a DOC documentation file and many come with source KayPro Disk K15
96. ching its breath Your BB I can play screamer if you make the following modifications 1 Replace Y2 with a 24MHz crystal This is a rare part but it and most of the other parts required for this mod are available from Microware Exceltek the address is listed at the end of the article The crystal is 2 75 2 Replace the Z80 parts with Z80B s Microware sells Z80B CPU s PIO s and CTC s for 8 25 each 3 Remove U97 Get a 74LS92 69 from Microware and bend out pins 9 12 and 14 Place the LS92 in socket U97 4 Make the following mods on the bottom of the board Cut the trace which leads from pin 11 of U97 to the feed thru hole under U96 Cut the trace connecting pins 8 and 10 of U97 Cut the trace lead ing from pin 8 of U97 to the feed thru hole near U98 pin 16 Connect a jumper from this feed thru to U97 pin 11 Jumper pins 7 and 10 of U97 Jumper pins 5 and 14 of U97 Jumper pins 8 and 9 of U97 Connect a jumper from pin 1 of U97 to pin 11 of U96 5 Move the Z80 clock line up from pin 4 to pin 5 of U96 6 Move the MUXC line up from pin 4 to pin 3 of U76 and likewise move the CAS line up from pin 5 to pin 4 of U76 7 Replace U77 with a 74804 8 Your monitor should be burned in the upper half of a 2732A 250 or 200 a PFM monitor burned into a 2732A 250 is available from Micro C for 29 95 I am also using 150 ns RAM but you could probably get 200 ns RAM to work I can t guarantee this If you
97. con figured for KayPro MODEM7 COM This is MODEM7 amp MODEM PAT combined youcan communicate with anything KMDM795 COM Super version of MODEM 7 set up for KayPro TERM MAC Commented disassembly of the TERM program you get with your KayPro so you can configure it for any interface SQ USQ COM Programs to squeeze and unsqueeze files for faster transfer KayPro Disk K2 Utilities Really oodles of spiffy little and big programs to help you get full use of your KayPro ZESOURCE COM A true Zilog format disassem bler for 8080 and Z80 object COM files Now you can turn COM files into MAC files UNERA COM Simply enter UNERA followed by the name of the file you just erased and presto the erased file is back A lifesaver FINDBD54 COM Checks an entire disk reports bad sectors and then creates a special file containing those sectors You save a bundle on disks CAT2 This a group of programs which create and maintain a single directory of all the programs you have on all your disks Even keeps track of which programs are backed up and which aren t UNSPOOL COM Use your KayPro II and print files at the same time Doesn t slow down system response DUMPX DU 77 COMPARE SUPERSUB FORMFEED DIR DUMP and all have documentation on disk KayPro Disk K3 Games PACMAN COM Despite the KayPro s lack of graphics this one looks and plays amazingly like the peat ihing Keep it hidden ZCHESS COM Chess with a 1
98. count head count reduced write current cylinder write precom pensation cylinder landing zone posi tion and step rate The additional data passed with the FORMAT UNIT com mand is the logical unit number the fill character to use if not the default of 6cH the interleave factor and if the appropri ate flag is set a list of bad blocks Prior to being able to use the logical disk system discussed above one must format their disk I hope to clean up a utility program written in Aztec C and make it available to Micro C subscribers which allows 1 setting MODE SELECT parameters 2 reading MODE parameters from a formatted disk 3 FORMATTING a disk 4 VERIFYing a disk 5 dumping a physical block s 6 writing a physical block s I found this tool invaluable while im plementing the above system and would recommend you either getting or mak ing a copy of a similar tool The controller I have has a bug in the firmware which does not fill the entire sector with the fill character The write block routine of the above utility solved that problem until ADAPTEC sent me a new version of the firmware Acknowledgements I would like to thank the Micro C group for providing this forum and their help on this article Jim Fisher at ADAP TEC Inc and Nolan Abbenhaus ME DIA Distributing for their assistance in getting the system and making it work ACB4000 MAC and ADAPTEC MAC will be available soon ona Micro C Users Di
99. d Two weeks later it died again It didn t say it had died for all it indicated it was still burning ROMs right and left and verifying them just as fast The only problem was that the data was getting put in the wrong places Hearing that I was an editor they sent along another product they were partic ularly proud of a single ROM version of their 8 banger probably so I would have something to use while I was playing Who s got the programmer with their big unit I took a close look at it before firing it up It had four cheap self tapping screws on the bottom of the cabinet In fact the Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 cheap screw heads had scratched up my desk before I realized the unit was de feeted This is my best shot folks The zero insertion force socket came off in my hands it was simply plugged into a cheap wire wrap socket and the RS 232 plug on the back of the unit was male so I couldn t use a standard serial cable Ilooked inside too and the whole circuit was designed by oversight The documentation was 4th generation xe rox Look when I m irritated I m irri tated After the gang programmer failed the second time I called them and told them I wanted my money back They said OK and gave me another return au thorization number A month or so and a couple of phone calls later we finally got back our money minus almost 200 their 15 restocking charge Southern C
100. d Kenmore New York 14217 716 877 0617 ABLE II VT INTELLIGIENT STAND ALONE VIDEO TERMINAL WITH MANY HIGH END FEATURES RT CLOCK ON SCREEN SET UP Easy Emulation A Very Powerful Low Cost Terminal Board 6502 CPU amp 6845 Video Controller 4K Control in 2732 EPROM Emulate or Customize with powerful download feature Custom programs and escape tables retained during power down Defaults to control ROM tables H19 Compatible when not modified Month to MSEC Real Time Clock Display to Sec Transmit to MSEC Reliable battery interface for clock and 2K user RAM Menu driven set up Powers up as previously configured History for communcations analysis displays last 256 video escape and control char received 2 Program Menu selectable RS 232 compatible ports with Daisy Chain 16 Program Menu selectable baud rates 50 to 19 200 TTL and RS 232 level baud clock outputs 6 Program Menu selectable bell tones 9 Menu cursor selections Box underline overline solid blink fast or slow Menu selectable auto LF on CR and or Auto CR on LF or neither Local full duplex simplex operation 80x50 video with 80x24 screen window Up Down scroll with non destruct mode Transmit screen from top to cursor cursor home forward backward up down Horz tab full X Y cursor control including save restore and report cursor cursor on off clear screen clear line erase to end of screen to beginning of screen to e
101. d C is the nesting depth globals will all be level 0 Field D is the upper case symbol name with the characters in reverse order and the high order bit of the last character set Field Eis not yet determined but for all cases so far examined is 0 F is the ad dress of the variable in standard byte re versed order and field G is a two byte data type code n l The top part of the symbol table has entries for all the pre defined constants LITTLE BOARD AMPRO FEATURES DOUBLE DENSITY 5 1 4 IN FLOPPY CONTROLLER USES 5VDC 75 A AND 12VDC 50MA SAME SIZE AS A MINI FLOPPY TERMS Shipments will be made approximately 3 to 5 weeks after we receive your order VISA MC cash accepted We will accept COD s with a 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping USA AND CANADA ONLY Z80 ZILOG variables and types that Turbo supports Non scalar variables have more complex symbol table entries and finding the lo cation of things like fields of records will be more involved After you have examined modified a variable the program can be restarted by first using the debugger XP command to modify the program counter value to the breakpoint value 1 then doing a G to that location Warning The symbol table will only be in memory if you are compiling to Memory so this technique will not help for a COM file Also when I tried to eX ecute another program with the debug Figure 6 Main Portion of Program in
102. d a metal case Password has a smaller plastic case no status LED s and a built in RS232 cable with choice of male or female connector Password 300 available soon S 100 and IBMPC board modems also available Lamp is based on YAM from BBUD 9 NEW PRODUCTS FOR BB AND KAYPRO All those who have lusted after several add ons for the Big Board I but been discouraged by the shortage of parallel ports take notice Now you can run all the add ons at once with the Parallel Port Expander 189 assembled 59 board instructions eight I O ports compatible with Big Board I amp II and Kaypro II amp IV operate 2 parallel printers rom burner hard disk and Dynadisk and if you are a real hog parallel four expanders for 32 ports bios with three printer drivers 1 serial selected by IOBYTE installation instructions for all mentioned devices included adapt Big Board add ons to the Kaypro THE ULTIMATE 255 CONTINUOUS CHARACTER AND REVERSE VIDEO CURSOR BIG BOARD I AND KAYPRO II IV MOD Now you can have a significant increase in the writing power of your system with the ability to key in display edit and print 212 characters including continuous line graphics Other features are blinking or constant reverse video cursor charact er sets to match NEC 8023 and C Itoh Prowriter key labels reverse video fields install program for Perfect Writer a growing library of software and improvements in the monitor rom The mod comes assemb
103. ddle of the array to be sorted This separates the array into two sub arrays Then starting at the ends it searches inward until it finds a value in the lower sub array thatis larger than the value of the middle element and a value in the upper array smaller than the middle element Then it swaps these two elements When it is done with this middle ele ment it performs the same process on the upper array Then on the upper array Figure 1 Quicksort in SBASIC Rem Quicksort in SBASIC dim char a 100 procedure sort bottom top integer integer var lower_ptr upper_ptr var middle_element temp char lower_ptr bottom upper_ptr top 1317 W College Ave Lompoc CA 93436 of the upper array and so on until all the upper sub arrays are sorted Then it comes back out and sorts the lower sub arrays The process is reasonably visible in this recursive format once you have an idea what it s trying to accomplish Those of you in the SBASIC and Turbo camps should be interested in seeing what the competition looks like SBASIC Versus Pascal A question I have heard more than once now is that if SBASIC is so similar to Pascal why not just program in Pas cal I think Pascal has a lot of neat con structs I have come to appreciate some of them more having programmed in SBASIC Sometimes though Pascal has too much magic Where there is too much magic there is too little understanding In SBASIC some of the seams s
104. disk l Memory Requirements SELDISK and the interface routines between CP M and the SASI controller use about 638 bytes The above disk data structure requires some additional mem ory Two factors control the size of this memory One is the number of logical disks defined and the other is deter mined by the size of the CP M Block Al location Size BLS and the physical size of the hard disk There are 36 bytes used for each logical disk 16 for the DPH 15 for the DPB and 5 for the DEBLOCK data The majority is consumed by the size of the physical disk and the BLS factor chosen CP M stores the status of each available block in the Allocation bit map A one signifies that the block is used a zero it s free Each byte of memory stores the status of eight BLS locations The to tal allocation memory size necessary re gardless of the number on logical disks used is ALSM physical disk size block al location size 8 For this implementation the ALSM sizes could be BLS BLS blks ALSM 1024 23040 2880 2048 11520 1440 4096 5760 720 8192 2880 360 16384 1440 180 Figure 3 Disk Data Structure Heme ma o om om e em e mm am am e Bytes consumed DPB DEBLOCK Check bytes Allocation bytes The memory requirement for the Win chester disk structure is diskmem WINCH 36 ALSM Where diskmem is in bytes and WINCH is the number of logical disks The system distributed by Cal Tex lo cat
105. ds expanded I O includes redirection initializers plus 12 new expressions The I O and runtime libraries have been greatly expanded including printf Source amp documentation on one full disk USERS DISK 18 FORTH IFORTH this is Idaho FORTH which can be burned into ROM or loaded from disk It replaces the PFM monitor amp handles all the monitor functions See issue 11 FORTH column for more info about IFORTH and this disk USERS DISK 19 BB I Double Density New BBI Monitor BIOS character ROM Winches ter Interface ZCPR and formatter from Trevor Marshall See BB I expansion article in Issue 11 USERS DISK 20 Assemblers CROWEASM This is the Crowe assembler modi fied so that it runs on any CP M system including the BB I BB II Xerox Includes COM Z80 and DOC files LASM This assembler is similar to the ASM that comes with CP M except that it can link files at assembly time coe Print routine for CROWEASM PRN iles LIBRARY Utilities which let you combine many files into one then you can run type or extrace any file within the larger system USERS DISK 21 Winchester Utilities BACKUP Helps you back up the winchester onto multiple floppies Creates a catalog of the files on each disk and includes the date of the latest backup Will not back up an unchanged file more than once Plus many more super features FLOPCOPY Lets you make floppy copies with only one floppy drive by u
106. e Professional Affordable PLOTPRO Scientific Graph Printing Program 49 95 ACNAP Electronic Circuit Analysis Program 49 95 SPP Signal Processing Program 59 95 96 computers and formats including IBM look alikes 8087 co processor slightly more and Apple with CP M Include 3 00 9 00 Foreign shipping and handling with each program California add 6 BV Engineering Box 3429 Riverside CA 92519 714 781 0252 Journalistic Tradition There is a tradition among journalists that dictates that reporters present the facts straight They pride themselves with being professional enough to keep their personal feelings and extraneous pressures from coloring the information Obviously this in not always possible I majored in journalism in college and the head of the jounalism department was a wiley veteran of the newspaper world who smoked and drank and swore Her name was Wilma Morrison and she smoked on campus drank off campus and swore both places She showed us writing from famous reporters and then expected even better from us Many a time it seemed impossi ble to satisfy her as she mercilessly de manded rewrite after rewrite She taught us such a passion for objec tivity and honesty that many of us were really shocked when we ventured out in to the real world of big newspapers big ger television networks and even bigger advertising accounts Computer Publications A Decision Now there
107. e 14 p1i Double density 16 p6 Centronics parallel type interface 14 p45 1771 pull up 13 p29 Centronic dificati 13 p2 Connector errata BB documentation 13 p28 ene casron i P MX 80 connect amp double printing prob 10 p3 Double density 11 p4 z Serial tutorial 9 p17 Shugart jumpers 10 p2 Serial printer driver 9 p16 Qume DT 8 8 p8 PR Program 8 p2 Step rate 8 p25 PFM ti 8 p2 Increasing driver current 8 p25 operatton P 280 SIO family 5 p4 Shugart 901 6 p7 Port A fix 5 p4 Shugart jumpers 2 p6 Parallel printer driver 2 p3 i CP M patch for serial printer 2 p5 HIGHER SPEED MODIFICATIONS 6 MHz modification 19 p10 ween Pree Timing loop adjustment 14 p2 TROUBLE SHOOTING Minor problems 17 p2 5 Miz 11 p4 Big board fixes 9 p8 Easy and reliable 4 MHz 10 p32 pen 3 g peration 8 p2 Editorial 6 p21 Big board notes 4 p5 Use of 2716 1 4 p2 3 5 MH 4 D9 Bring up BB I 4 p17 z P Keyboard bit 7 3 p9 More reliable 4 MHz 4 p9 Notes from Garland Texas 1 p3 5 MHz 4 p9 ty 4 MHz modification 3 p3 4 MHz modification 3 p5 8 VIDEO 88 4 MHz again 2 p4 Flashing screen 18 p2 Composite video fix 18 p57 888 MISCELLANEOUS Ball Brothers Mon sep video timing 14 p3 Bulletin board 18 p3 Emulating an ADM 3 term charact 14 p8 Speech synthesizer 17 p4 Jitter fix stabilizing timing 14 p10 Bell signal 13 p36 Size 14 p8 Big board fixes 9 p8 Jitter fix 13 p36 Wordstar speed u
108. e _ l See the feature article in this issue Dear Editor Just a short note to say how much I really enjoy Micro C I don t bother you with phone calls because I understand first hand the time consuming aspects of writing and producing a newsletter magazine I wish my own newsletter were as diverse and rich in useful infor mation However I do try I find that Ralph Freshours experience On Your Own in 17 strikingly parallels my own experience in producing The Piece of Kayke National Newsletter My issues are running 17 pages with out ads and we ve been charging a mea ger 8 yrear now 10 It costs over 10 year to produce and mail The newsletter will survive but it loses money and my resources are limited Possibly you could suggest a few tricks to help Steve Bender NATKUG 212 776 2909 Box 28360 Queens Village NY 11428 Editor s note You might try raising your subscription rates Dear Editor Irecently subscribed to your fine jour nal and got the back issues that dealt with the Xerox 820 A friend of mine and I bought some of the bare boards and put them together We have them running now but not without a great deal of weeping wailing and gnashing of teeth I thought perhaps our problems and solutions might be of help to your other readers 1 The system clock and video clock crystals would not oscillate By remov ing C90 and C26 we were able to get them started The frequency is
109. e circuit to be cheap but I also wanted it to be extremely reliable Since mine has worked flawlessly for over a year about 1000 hours of operation if you do not have one by now there is no excuse not to build this one Figure 2 contains the circuit I used with Radio Shack part numbers no I am not a stockholder When Radio Shack parts work for that long you can bet the parts have not been stressed in the slightest Moc 3 10 RS276 134 200V 6A RS 276 1961 129 VAC LINE There are two things to remember be fore installing this circuit 1 If your unit is under warranty hope your disk drives never go belly up Xerox has the policy that any tampering voids the service contract Your processor and keyboard service contract will still be in tact however 2 You will be cutting and soldering in side the disk drive unit If you do not know how to handle a voltmeter or are somewhat concerned about your talents get a technical friend to do it while you go out and buy pizza and beer After the circuit is built locate the 5v and ground lines on the power supply board counting from the bottom pins 1 3 are 5 and pins 4 8 are ground on my system Use these lines for power to your board The 120 volt AC line must pass through the board to BOTH drives This requires that both disk drive AC connec tors have their BROWN colored leads cut and stripped 3 or 4 inches from the drive Use some extra 18 or 20 gauge wire
110. eads and programs 2716 2732 2764 and 27128 EPROMS Reads 2 16K ROMS Direct connect to any RS232C terminal or computer Plug selectable as either a data set or data terminal All voltages made on board no power supplies needed User supplies power Xformer 25 2 to 30 VAC C T 1 Amp Power electronically switched can t damage EPROMS Zero insertion force socket for EPROM Programs verifies and dumps in both ASCII and hex Edit buffer like DDT Saves hex and or image files to and from disk Saves or loads all or partial buffer Completely menu driven for ease of operation Commands of Test Read Display Save Load Program and more Check sum calculation All software on disk including well commented source code Detailed owners manual including schematic All chips socketed Not a kit Completely built and tested 48 hour dynamic burn in and test before shipment 90 day limited warranty on parts and workmanship 24 hour return policy on repairs Delivery from stock NOTICE TO PREVIOUS CUSTOMERS Send us your old disk and a suitable S A S E for your free copy of our new software ver 1 6 PROGRAMMER 4 WITH OWNERS MANUAL AND DISK 199 95 o orerson OPEr P CO Q bd w 1659 Scott Blvd Suite 1 Santa Clara CA 95050 C 408 244 5214 VISA and MASTERCARD telephone orders welcome Please specify Disk format CP M 8 IBM format KAYPRO II XEROX 820 OSBORNE I others Please specify met
111. eatures to BIOS continues to meddle in CP M s inner workings and explains the IO BYTE Chapter Four introduces macros showing how to use Digital Research s MAC and ASM assemblers as well as Mi crosoft s M80 Alan lists several macros and explains their functions Chapter Five explains how to use the BDOS for non disk functions such as writing and reading console characters Chapters Six and Seven cover reading and writing disk files with BDOS Chap ter Eight discusses the CP M disk direc tory Anyone who really follows the book will wind up getting very familiar with DDT while viewing what is really hap pening inside CP M The book contains over 40 system macros with complete listings which perform BDOS calls compare two blocks of information display the IOBYTE val ue read single disk sectors and write single disk sectors 8080 8080 mnemonics are used throughout although Z 80 tidbits are thrown in when appropriate One appendix lists the Z 80 and 8080 instruction sets both alphabetically and numerically and each instruction is explained Two other appendices list the ASCII character set and all the CP M BDOS functions mak ing this a neat reference package Conclusion Overall the book is great I would have appreciated a bit more detail in some instances but I m a slow learner This book while starting at the begin ner s level is not for the casual CP M user If you just want
112. ed pro duction runs The cap is on REALLY tight about their next computer IBM compatible is the consensus However if the Xerox 1810 portable computer elimination before production policy still holds I would not hold my breath By the way the company that was going to deliver thou sands of those portables to Xerox filed for bankruptcy Autoboot Patch In the previous article I mentioned that the BIOS could be patched for autoboot capability Autoboot when installed in BIOS allows CP M to exe cute a particular program at EON oe or automatically cold boot Actually it is the CCP Command Control Processor which executes the command whenever the CCP is loaded However since the CCP is reloaded into memory on every cold or warm boot the autoboot command will execute whenever ctrl C is pressed or a program finishes execution unless ogena has been removed Figure 1 is the patch necessary to add autoboot capability to SWP s dual den sity system the patches are done in BI OS while operating under DDT and DD SYSGEN The patches are for the Mar 1982 version of dual density Although this rework adds autoboot capability it does not provide the actual autoboot command AUTOBOOT COM on the Xerox user disk B23 editor s note I know it was B22 last issue we goofed was specifically designed for SWP s dual density system to force exe cution of any program or no program on cold boot However
113. eplace the original 6ft cable Not just a telephone cord it is designed to meet the exact requirements of the Kaypro Guaranteed to work 12ft Keyboard Cable 12 95 ee Ss for all models except the Robie Allows your Kaypro to read and write up to 55 different computer formats depending on Kaypro model including CP M 80 CP M 86 MS DOS PC DOS CDOS LDOS and TRSDOS Please specify Kaypro model when ordering UNHOPM 565 06 ted ccnnscsd ewes 69 95 Kaypro is a registered trademark of Kaypro Corporation MS DOS is a registered trademark of MicroSoft PC DOS is a registered trademark of IBM Corp TRSDOS is a registered trademark of Tandy Corp CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research R VUDS Ba FORE EADAB E Unretouched photo ANTI GLARE SCREEN for all Kaypro Computers Reduces eyestrain by increasing contrast and reducing glare It makes working with your Kaypro less tiring and more enjoyable Contoured to fit exactly it offers an undistorted view of the entire CRT Attaches directly to the CRT and requires no disassembly Please specify SMOKE or GREEN when ordering Anti Glare Screen 05 24 95 KAYPRO COVERS for all models except the Robie Beautiful yet rugged these covers help protect your investment They are made from durable weather resistant Sun brella Includes two pockets for carrying your manuals diskettes etc Please specify Black or Navy when ordering
114. equipped to tackle the subject You might consider a review or at least a mention for readers who want to get into hardware but don t know where to start Roger G Smith Rt 2 Box 366 Laurel MS 39440 Dear Editor Come on guys it s not funny I pro tected every file I ve got with your Pass word routine when the disk arrived and now I can t remember half of what they re coded with Another thing you can t change the password but you can add another one Now some of my files have two codes I sure hope someone there knows the solution to this its been real bad news running home for masters while I m ex plaining to my wife why I bought a com puter And don t tell me the same genius wrote Adventure P S What are the DS s DW s and DB s mentioned in the ZESOURCE doc umentation Is this similiar to having DT s Did the Password author have DT s Jack Long 6910 Renwick Suite C Houston TX 77081 Editor s note Sorry Jack there s no way back You should make a copy of your unprotected file before using password on it This allows you to replace the protected file if you forget your password However if worse comes to worse I ve heard that you can use DDT or DUMPX to read the original file 2 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 Dear Editor I wanted to send you this letter as a personal thank you for the time Dana Cotant spent on the telephone with me
115. er number to run file 7 SETCLK sets realtime clock built into BB II 8 PRINT2 modified print which accesses BB II clock 9 BOX draws a thin line box on screen determined by HL and BC 10 ALIENS space invaders arcade game 11 LISTSET printer interface auto enables RTS ignores DCD USERS DISK 15 Word Processing 1 EDIT very fancy line editor similar to EX Unix Includes help menu programmable key and full manual on disk 2 TED simple minded line editor easy to learn amp use Very fast 3 TTYPE typing training program written in BASIC 4 TINYPLAN very simple minded spreadsheet Whets your appetite for a fancy one 5 C80 Text Utilities 6 CHOP cuts off file after N bytes 7 ENTAB replace spaces with tabs where possible 8 MS double or triple spaces a file to output 9 RTW removes trailing spaces from file 10 TRUNC truncates each line to specified length 11 WRAP wraps at column 80 plus pretty pretty printing page s USERS DISK 16 BB I Modem Software 1 RCPM27 list of U S bulletin boards 2 SMODEM interfaces BB I with Hayes Smartmodem 3 PLINK66 easy to use with non CP M host for portA 4 BBPAT menu selection of BAUD rate bits char parity amp stop bits 5 MODEM 7 Modem 7 plus BBPAT lets you talk to anything from port A USERS DISK 17 Small C version 2 SMALLC2Z this substantially expanded version of Small C now includes for goto label switch case external declarations new reprocessor comman
116. er the program is intended for private use If the source program will never be sold or contributed to the public domain then by all means use all the facilities your compiler provides Similarly if the program will only be dis tributed as an executable COM file there is no reason not to use non standard lan guage features Since built in extensions will likely be more efficient than the equivalent rou tine written using only the standard there is an advantage to using exten sions In addition using an extended feature will reduce programming time since the compiler has done part of the work for you You should restrict yourself to stand ard pascal if the source is to be the distri bution medium and the end users are ex pected to modify it for their compilers or if you plan on running the program un der more than one compiler If you find you must use non standard features in these circumstances they should be heavily commented on both their actions and how they deviate from the standard Software Tools A tool is an instrument used to per form a useful function How is this con cept applied to software In its broadest sense any functional program or sub routine can be considered a software tool Many real tools however have a sig nificant amount of generality in their use A hammer would be less useful if it could only drive a single kind of nail and a screwdriver would have less utility if it could be used
117. erfect Writer All regular keys are still available Enhancements for Perfect Writer versions 1 03 and 1 20 o Se aa and save definitions while running a One touch commands using any keypad key Automatically load customized definitions for each plus normal keypad mode program Switch to overwrite mode Variable size swap file up to entire disk Background printing Built in directory listing Print files while running programs Change disks and automatic warm boot Change user number v1 20 The Backgrounder It s like having a second computer Robie owners inquire about installation procedures x Previous customers send original disk plus 5 to upgrade to latest versions Trademarks The Backgrounder Plu Perfect Systems Kaypro Kaypro Corp CP M Digital Research Perfect Writer Perfect Software WordStar MicroPro dBase Ashton Tate See Your Dealer or Purchase Direct K 1 Plu Perfect Writer amp CP M 2 2E All products supplied with extensive CENIE K 2 The Backgrounder 45 fully tested documentation VISA K 3 CP M 2 2E 32 Deduct 5 if ordering 2 or more disks mae Subtotal Plu Perfect Systems California sales tax 6 BOX 1494 IDYLLWILD CA 92349 714 659 4432 Shipping amp handling TOTAL Orders outside North America actual airmai shipping with payment by card or check drawn on a U S bank Attention HP 3000 Users PRINT on parallel printer emulates HP thermal
118. ers which I personally don t like Therefore I recommend mounting a 74LS74 on top of one of the two LS74 s that have an un used flip flop U108 in particular 2 With the above in mind get an extra 74LS74 Bend out pins 1 6 8 10 and 12 Remove U108 and place the LS74 with the bent up pins on top of it Now care fully solder pins 7 11 13 and 14 of the two IC s together Finally place the as sembly back in socket U108 Figure 4 Memory Timing Without Wait States 286 Samples Wair 4 Oo eee i ADDRESS Fa A AIS Sen a US YR Ph Bus DATA Out WAIT 3 Now separate the WAIT line pin 24 from 5 so that we can use it First cut the trace on the underside of the board which connects pins 24 and 25 BUSRQ of U80 Second flip the board over and cut the trace which leads to pin 24 U80 from a feed thru hole this is the 5 line for WAIT and BUSRQ Finally on the underside of the board connect a jumper from the feed thru hole to pin 25 U80 this restores 5 to BUSRQ 4 Add the following jumpers pin 11 U108 to pin 25 U111 this is the system clock pin 13 U108 to pin 14 U108 ties RESET of flip flops high pin 10 LS74 on top of U108 to pin 14 U108 ties SET of the top F F hi and pin 15 U84 to pin 12 U108 RCEO select for first EPROM NOTE If using more than one EPROM use a free AND gate to AND their selects together and connect
119. es this storage area up in the SCRATCH memory area of the monitor With my implementation of the Win chester and two double sided double density floppies it was necessary to move the diskmem down below the monitor and move CP M down Interface Software The communications software be tween CP M and the ACB 4000 was done in two files ACB4000 MAC is a standalone file It receives two pointers one to the com mand to be sent and the other to the data buffer location The routine returns the completion status in the accumulator and in a PUBLIC data area 16 bytes fixed by CP M 15 bytes fixed by CP M 5 bytes fixed directories 4 if the media is removable otherwise it is zero diskblocks 8 where diskblocks logical disk bytes BLS Nl 6 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 The second file ADAPTEC MAC converts the requested disk track and sector information and read write re quest from the CP M call into the appro priate command format for the ACB 4000 MAC routines This file also reports SASI error messages to the console Host Adapter Software Comments in the ACB4000 MAC rou tines describe the details of the protocol The routines supplied by Cal Tex in XEBEC MAC are similar to ACB 4000 MAC However the most notice able difference is that the Cal Tex soft ware does not use the SCSI handshake protocol In XEBEC MAC the command is built and then output by an OTIR instruction Thi
120. ey were faced with the per ilous task of compensating those who contributed time and effort to the cause while preserving the company s cash This task may sound impossible but it is really quite easy Those giving of their time and expertise will receive special stock for their efforts Initially the stock will be worth less than the paper it s printed on but through these folks ef forts it could become very valuable When members pony up their initial cash as we discussed last time they are issued shares At the same time each person agrees to contribute x hours to the project over the next year At the end of the year additional special shares a different class from the stock that was purchased with dollars are issued to those who follow through on their part of the agreement Deadlines One of the most irritating parts of working for a large corporation is that you are always faced with deadlines Many times they appear to be arbitrarily set by people whose sole purpose in life is harassment On the other hand a small start up has to have deadlines be cause without them nothing happens Advertising Advertising campaigns create very real deadlines In fact many small com panies would do no scheduling at all if they could simply place an ad one day and see it in print the next Of course with monthly and bi monthly publica tions some of them with 30 to 60 day lead times thatisn t possible After all
121. f us ing bank switching I just tied the U110 LS10 lines high and have not used the PIO bits If the system will not run with only one bank in there are problems with U10 U110 or U8 1 the chip added per the mod not switching as it should Al so be sure that one of the other Micro C mods doesn t already use U110 A Scott Fredrickson 6730 Rancho Adobe Drive Sacramento CA 95828 Nickel Boards Here are some tips for users of the nickel plated version of the Xerox 820 board Do not use too small a soldering iron tip A 1 16 inch tip will not conduct heat fast enough A 1 8 inch chisel tip is best the idea is to get as big a thermal contact area as possible between the iron and the pad being soldered Use an iron coated tip Copper does not stand up to the hammering it gets when soldering this board Use thin 22 gauge solder and be ab solutely certain that it is 60 40 alloy Some solder sold for electronic purposes is 50 50 and is useless with this board Do not use too much solder nor allow it to accumulate with the iron and be fa natical about wiping the iron and clean ing the component leads In view of the soldering problems I expected all sorts of difficulties with bad joints but in fact the board came up very easily after correction of two careless er rors I tried it first without the video mod suggested by B G Micro The mod is however worthwhile and provides a much cleaner display I had difficulty
122. fered Parallel O Assignable on 4 Bit Boundaries W Strappable Handshake Polarity 2xZ80 PIO 4 Channels of Counter Timer 4 Inputs 3 Outputs Accommodates 16K Mix of Ram or Rom or EEPROM on 2K Boundaries in 2716 or 2016 or XICOR EEPROM 2 3 x 10 Sea of Holes Prototyping Area All I O Fully Mode II Interrupt Compatible Watchdog Timer for Long Term Unattended Operation Rom monitor and source listing TERMS Master Card VISA add 3 money order certified check UPS cash COD Allow 2weeksfor personali or company checks to clear Shipping handling extra Texas order add 5 tax Coy i LEAP INTO A NEW DIMENSION WITH AZTEC CII NI Full implementation of C with standard floating point library and I O subroutines UNIX VER 7 compatible Produces relocatable 8080 optional 0Z80 assembler code Relocating assembler and linker supplied with package or use Microsoft M80 and L80 SID ZSID debugger interface FAST COMPILATION AND EXECUTION AZTEC CII FOR CP M 199 Special price for Micro C subscribers 149 MANX e software systems master caaan Box 55 Shrewsbury N J 07701 201 780 4004 am als Also available for Apple DOS HDOS CP M 86 PC DOS Tired of the slowness of BASIC Find that the bugs in FORTRAN are bugging you Step up to FORTH the language that gives you total control over your computer UNIFORTH is the only version of FORTH available either captured under an operatin
123. g Inc 67 East Evelyn Ave Mountain View CA94041 415 962 0230 Two RS232 serial ports Tt CP Mis a registered trademark of Digital Research The monitor also includes an integrat ed 24 hour time of day clock a set clock command S that will prompt you for the correct date and time when invoked a clock on off toggle T command the video on off control an initialization ta ble for channel A of the SIO and XON XOFF flow control for channel B of the SIO I use that for my printer If you really like the old XEROX moni tor and want to keep it then you must change two locations figure 4 in order to boot your system at 4Mhz u 1 2 RIG 479 Figure 4 LOCATION F101 F6E4 CHANGE TO A8 FA Figure 5 4 MHz Upgrade for 820 C94 6 MHz lh BIG BOARD ona Dn XEROX 820 O Get the parallel I O you need after you ve used up that one PIO on your computer The board also has a battery backed up clock calendar chip Interface that with a simple triac circuit and have your computer turn itself on and off Up to4 extra PIO s Lithium cell back up for clock Easy assembly amp installation Stand by interrupt output from clock Bare PC B 29 95 Complete kit 99 95 Assembled amp tested Shipping 129 95 2 50 Goodin Peripherals Send check or M O to Goodin Peripherals P O Box 5867 Reno Nevada 89513 Please allow 3to6 weeks for delivery be RE MOVE u A uZ amp
124. g lady I know has a Kaypro that had con stant disk errors I don t know how she lived with them they were so bad The dealers scared her off with the old 50 hour gee whiz shrug of the shoulders I did the driver fix in issue 11 and now she thinks I m a whiz Of course I gave her your address and phone number giving credit where it is due Geoffrey S Knauth Harvard University 56 Linnaean Street Cambridge MA 02138 Letters continued on page 44 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 3 NEW LOWER PRICES NEW LOWER PRICES BIG BOARD II 4 MHz Z80 A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER WITH SASI HARD DISK INTERFACE 545 ASSEMBLED amp TESTED Jim Ferguson the designer of the Big Board distributed by Digital Research Computers has produced a stunning new computer that Cal Tex Computers has been shipping for a year Called Big Board II it has the following features 4 MHz Z80 A CPU and Peripheral Chips The new Ferguson computer runs at 4 MHz Its Monitor code is lean uses Mode 2 interrupts and makes good use of the Z80 A DMA chip E 64K Dynamic RAM 4K Static CRT RAM 24K E E PROM or Static RAM Big Board II has three memory banks The first memory bank has eight 4164 DRAMs that provide 60K of user space and 4K of monitor space The second memory bank has two 2Kx8 SRAMs for the memory mapped CRT display and space for six 2732As 2Kx8 static RAMs or pin compatible EEPROMS The thi
125. g system such as CP M or standalone acting as its own operating system Our standalone versions are customized to your single board computer providing serial and parallel port support a real time clock formatting fast disk copy and disk access up to twice as fast as CP M All systems are FORTH 79 and include a video editor macro assembler debugger decompiler top notch documentation and much more Write for our free brochure or order direct from the special Micro C reader prices listed below UNIFORTH Version System Integer Floating Multi Multi Point Tasking User Big Board 60 100 125 150 Big Board II 80 125 150 200 Slicer 100 150 200 250 Any CPM 80 60 100 4 Unified Software Systems P O Box 2644 New Carrollton MD 20784 301 552 9590 DEC VAX PDP AT 11 RSX 11 TM Digital Equipment Corp CP M TM Digital Research MSDOS TM Microsoft VIC 20 TM Commodore Please call for new discount amp current prices Prices subject to change Please expect TC PROMPT DELIVERY SAME DAY SHIPPING USUALLY DYNAMIC RAM 39 97 256K 150 ns 45 00 64K 200 ns 5 37 64K 150 ns 5 37 64K 120ns 5 59 16K 200ns 1 21 EPROM 27256 300 ns 65 00 27128 250 ns 27 50 2764 gt 200 ns 10 65 2732 450 ns 5 40 2716 450 ns 3 60 STATIC RAM 5565P 15 150 ns 39 97 6264LP 15 150 ns 39 97 6116P 3 150 ns 6 36 cl L MasterCard VISA or UPS CASH COD oe ow Factory New Prime Parts u
126. h more valuable than many pages of advertising Readers have their guard up when reading ad vertising while they often believe what Mags they read from folks who don t appear to have a stake in the product The trade press has been famous for filling its editorial pages with rewrites of public relations handouts and with arti cles written by the companies the articles are about Electronic Design and Elec tronic Design News are two very well known publications which use this tech nique In fact any publication which is distributed free is almost certainly a trade press type publication A very common variation on this theme is the publication that will not say anything at all if it can t say something nice You can spot these publications by reading the reviews and product de scriptions for an issue or two If they are almost universally positive then don t put much stock in their contents If the publication states up front the connections between the writers and the subjects then you are forwarned that the article may be biased In some cases of course the only way to get information about a new IC or system is from the de signer s own pen Actually even that is misleading because almost every article written by a designer is really written by a ghost writer and edited by a marketing manager ENGINEERING SOFTWARE CPM 80 MSDOS TRSDOS PCDOS Free Catalog Dealer Inquiries Welcom
127. hat the EPROM was burned cor rectly The circuit board and components are of good quality but I would recommend building an enclosure right away as the board is a bit thin I would have liked to see a zero insertion force socket for the personality module as well as the EPROM but you can t have everything at this price I went to the local electrical supply company and picked up an ultra violet SYLVANIA G8T5 germicidal fluorescent tube 12 with a suitable fixture for about 30 00 that seems to erase EPROMS very nicely in about 6 10 min utes This method does not provide for eye protection but a little cautious use seems better than spending 60 150 for a commercial EPROM eraser The EZ PROGRAMMER menu has a check for erased EPROM on the menu as well as an automatic check before the EPROM is burned l I found this product to be one of the least expensive programmers on the market that programs 2764 s This par ticular board is drawing power from my XEROX and only requires a 5 volt con nection for power specs indicate only 250 MA as it has its own switching IC to step up to 21 or 25 volts for burning The documentation is on the thin side however schematics and source for the software are included on disk I would recommend this product as a good buy for anyone who needs to program most of the popular EPROMS out there OPTRONICS TECHNOLOGY PO BOX 81 PITTSFORD NY 14534 716 377 0369 Price as te
128. have just as many failures it s just that differ ent components are failing Morrow doesn t even appear to have parts to fix the supplies One repair facil ity that asked for parts received instead some defective supplies of both types from which to scrounge components Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 a EN oh FAT JACK READING RACK SEE COPY SCREEN KEYBOARD AT THE SAME TIME x EASILY ATTACHED TO ANY KAYPRO 16 WIDE AND STRONG FULLY SUPPORTS BOOKS MAGAZINES e REPORTS WITH UNIQUE PAGECLIP Dealer and group inquiries invited ONLY 17 95 51 50 Shipping Continental U S A Washington Residents Add 1 45 Sales Tax Cashier Checks amp Money Orders Shipped Promptly Personal Checks Must Clear 2 Weeks Price amp Configuration subject to change without notice The Best Accessory You ll Ever Buy For Your Kaypro ORDER FROM TWIST INC P O Box 1406 Renton WA 98057 TOGETHER Control up to 4 AC devices at one time with your Kaypro computer Without tying up either your RS232 or Centronics Port e 7500v isolation between computer and controlled devices e No moving parts Simple plug in installation to your computer Requires no soldering or cutting in your Kaypro e Software examples in Basic and Z80 Assembly Language Easy to create your own specialized programs INCLUDES e Fully assembled and tested printed circuit board e 5 diskette wi
129. have the word SP which replaces the stack pointer with its initial coldstart val ue thereby performing a stack clear Then I looked at the 83 Standard SP is not a standard word nor is SO the us Figure 1 Brute Force Stack Clear Routine CLRSTK clear the stack DEPTH DUP IF 0 DO DROP LOOP ELSE DROP THEN er variable in fig FORTH that contains the stack coldstart value Therefore to be strictly correct you have to brute force drop any value that is on the data stack with a DO LOOP to make your program portable An example is shown in Figure 1 Of course for your own system you can probably find a quicker method of performing the same task User s Corner Combining BCD Digits One of the projects that I m working on is an automated photoelectric photo meter This is a device that counts pho tons of light coming from a star and dis plays the counts a measure of intensity on an LED digital readout We were in terfacing the counter to a micro through a parallel port Each digit of the 6 figure display was brought separately over the parallel port and then had to be recom bined to form a double precision 6 deci mal digit value A programmer with little FORTH ex perience wrote the first packing word called BCD1 in Screen 1 It took 6 stack values where each ranged between 0 and 9 and combined them into a single number I think you can follow the logic each digit was multiplied by its appro pri
130. he 65816 is a 16 bit 6502 and is a pin for pin replacement with about 4 times the processing power The MA2301 is a neat NSC800 Z80 system developed by National with functional elements in boxes typically 2x3x1 inches in size and stackable A full 64K 4MHz system with power supply parallel and serial ports and a disk drive controller will fit in your hand and can be powered by two 9 volt batteries The NCR 32 has a very inter esting architecture that suits FORTH ex ceedingly well One of its novel features is a delayed jump Instead of dumping the prefetch queue it executes all in structions stored there before executing a jump In this manner you can build some very efficient loops if you put the condi tional test in the middle of the loop in stead of at the end FORTH Inc has written a very fast FORTH that takes ad vantage of the NCR 32 architecture Some of the applications described in clude OMNITERM2 a very powerful communications package for TRS80 and IBM PC computers Nicolet laboratory instruments the Allen EPA Emissions Analyzer several astronomical instru 0 Various schemes to encode BCD numbers 1 2VARIABLE SUM temporary summing variable ni n6 d1 encode 6 digits 1000 100 U SUM 2 10000 U SUM 2 D SUM 2 1000 U SUM 2 D SUM 2 100 U SUM 2 D SUM 2 10 U SUM 28 D SUM 2 S gt D SUM 28 D 1000 100 U ROT 10000 U D ROT 1000 U D ROT 100 U D ROT 10 U D ROT S gt D
131. he address line in 5 or 10ns nano seconds which stands for billionths of a second On the new 84 systems the rise time is running between 30 and 40 ns Most designers get nervous at 20 ns Kaypro technical support has been getting numerous calls about new sys tems going to lunch while auto dialing or something like that Their standard answer is that the customer should re place the Z80A with a Z80H a version of the Z80 capable of running 8 MHz Pre sumably the Z80H has stronger output drivers that can zip those lines up and down at great speeds but the H chips are not cheap nor are they available just anywhere I called some of the outfits that advertise parts in the back of Byte and none of them had Z80Hs Plus wholesalers in this area want over 30 each for them However when one of MicroSphere s systems flaked we found that it became very solid when we replaced the Z80A with a Z80B rise time improved by 10 ns But be forwarned that a Z80B is sup posed to be identical to a Z80A except that when it was tested at the factory it ran a little faster Z80Bs are available just about anywhere for 10 to 18 You can even purchase them from Micro C for 12 00 postpaid Aligning a Fickle Drive Tandon drives have a reputation for being difficult to align Sometimes the problem is that the drive is twisted out of alignment as it is bolted back into the cabinet but that is not the only cause of alignment headaches
132. he floppy disks the SELDISK routine was the only rou tine I had to change This routine returns the appropriate DPH Disk Parameter Header for the selected disk The memory map for the data struc ture is shown in Figure 3 Two references describe the DPH Disk Parameter Header the DPB Disk Parameter Block Check Bytes and Allocation Bytes They are 1 Inside CP M A Guide for Users and Programmers by David E Cortesi and available from Micro C 2 CP M Operating System Manual by Digital Research Inc Five bytes are used by the deblocking algorithms The first byte defines the sec tor length of the disk When the floppy disks are being used SELDISK reads an ID field on the CP M directory track to determine the sector size Legal values are 00 for 128 byte sectors 01 for 256 byte sectors 10 for 512 byte sectors 11 for 1024 byte sectors The second byte defines the number of CP M 128 byte sectors per physical disk sector The calculation is disk sector size 128 1 The third and fourth bytes contain the physical disk sector size in bytes This information does not appear to be used by the DEBLOCK MAC routines The fifth byte contains flags used by the deblocking algorithms The code added to SELDISK by condi tional assembly is shown in Figure 4 The code marked by the comment fields SREE determines the correct pointer to return to CP M when selecting a floppy or logical disk n the hard
133. hod of shipment UPS or Postal Service California residents add 6 Sales Tax Dealer Inquiries invited EXPAND YOUR PRO TENTIAL _ HARD DISK ADAPTOR Allows you to add megabytes of storage Easy to install Includes complete software and documentation 95 00 single unit quantity e CP M 3 0 BIOS UPGRADE Allows installation of CP M 3 0 giving you a faster more powerful system 50 00 single unit quantity e ALAN NETWORK local network for Kaypro computers OEM DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME Quantity Discount Available Call to order or for information FAS HUNTINGTON DATA SYSTEMS ALAN is a trademark of Huntington Data Systems Inc Solutions that work For you 307 SIXTH STREET HUNTINGTON BEACH CA 92648 714 960 7498 HARDWARE SPOOLER and INTERFACE CONVERTER Hardware spooler buffers your printing tasks Download a 60K listing in 50 seconds Converts to Centronics Interface without Losing Your Parallel Ports e Input Centronics Parallel or Serial 110 to 9600 Baud e Output Centronics Parallel or Serial 110 9600 Baud e 128 K Buffer up to 70 pages e 5V at 575mA 12V at 80mA e Uses readily available parts Z80 base system e Form Feed Control for single sheet feeding e 5 x 7 inch circuit board Bare Board Documentation Listing for ROM l ROM 2732A with program Disk with Source Code Shipped via Prepaid UPS No COD or P O Box Check or Money Orde
134. hose assigned by the compiler or you have failed to close a block structure If you failed to close a block structure the level of nesting number at the end of the program will not be zero If you don t know where the problem is compile your program using the bbb extension Then use your word processor to exam ine the prn file produced to find the pro gram block that does not begin and end with the same level of nesting No EOF Finally a few words about my difficul ties with the sorting program SBASIC does not have a record pointer at least not documented It also does not have an end of file indicator Because of these omissions you must figure out one your own how to avoid reading beyond the end of the file One method that doesn t work is the on er ror statement SBASIC allows only an on error goto and no on error go sub This means that although you can keep your program from bombing you can t return the operator to the place where the error occurred You might as well bomb There are basically two workable ap proaches Oneis to put your own marker continued on page 61 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 23 KAYPRO MA BELL The SIGNALMAN MARK XII BRILLIANT not MODEM does it all without a loudspeaker to wake your spouse For KAYPRO 380 00 110 300 1200 baud Hayes compatible INCLUDED at NO cost software to use it 26 entry USER CHANGABLE di
135. how Seeing the seams in SBASIC and seeing middle_element a bottom top 2 repeat begin _while a lower_ptr lt middle_element do lower_ptr while middle_element lt a upper_ptr do upper_ptr lower_ptr 1 upper_ptr 1 if lower_ptr lt upper_ptr then begin temp a lower_ptr a lower_ptr a upper_ptr a upper_ptr temp lower_ptr lower_ptr 1 upper_ptr upper_ptr 1 end end until lower_ptr gt upper_ptr if bottom lt upper_ptr then sort bottom upper_ptr if lower_ptr lt top then sort lower_ptr top end var i j integer begin i 0 repeat begin izi 1 input2 a i end until a i Z sort 1 i j 0 print repeat begin j j 1 print a j end until j i end r 22 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 the similarity between SBASIC and Pas cal I can guess where the seams are in Pascal Some of the magic is gone but understanding is better anyway A neat construct in both languages is the structural element If you look at the program segments in all three columns you will notice that there is not a single GOTO in any of them The programs do not miss them The procedural elements are very similar to GOSUBS except that in SBASIC the reference to a subroutine can be by name instead of line number making the program easier to under stand and maintain Also SBASIC al lows the passing of parameters to proce dures and functions This helps to maintain the modularity of
136. ic signatures for easy Faulty EPROMS indicated at e Full travel entry keys data error I D socket Total support e Auto repeat e FF skipping for max program e Programs t to 128K devices e lluminated function indicators ming speed e Built in diagnostics e User sets memory boundaries e No calibration required INTERFACE e 15 commands including move e No personality modules to buy e RS 232C for data transfer edit fill search etc functions e Programs new CMOS EPROMS e 110 19 2K baud e Extended mode reads EPROM e Printer interface option e X on X off control of serial data sets e Complete with 128K buffer ALSO AVAILABLE FROM SCC The Cost Efficient Erasing Units FIVE TIMES THE CAPACITY OF OTHER UNITS FOR LESS THAN 200 Three Models Available FEATURES INCLUDE EU 156 over 150 chips e Unique wave design e Affordable and economical e Efficient bulb design e Portable easy to use 1 95 00 e All steel heavy duty design e EPROMS EU 312 over 300 chips e Quick erasure time e Micro computer 3 59 9 5 e Efficient e Industrial design e Reliable e Production environment ready EU 1050 over 1000 chips e Safe e Timer included EPROM or Micro Computer CALL QUICK DELIVERY ON ALL PRODUCTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON SCCS COST EFFICIENT PROGRAMMERS AND ERASING UNITS CALL SOUTHERN COMPUTER CORPORATION 3720 N Stratford Rd Atlanta GA 30342 404 231 5363 Yin and Yang of EPROM Programmers By David Thompson Have
137. ince the Slicer has marked the buffer as in valid the track will be reread This makes track buffering a disadvantage with a command like ERA which does a lot of directory writes Each directory write causes the buffer to be flushed and then re read More on this later Errors can be confusing A CP M read can cause a disk write if the buffer must be flushed Similarly a CP M write may require a disk read to load the buffer So for instance when CP M reads a sector a disk write error may occur on a differ ent track perhaps even on a different drive On the Slicer the BIOS does the continued next page CP M 2 2 LICENSE AND SUPPORT CP M 2 2 License and disk for Scull Tek Big Board Reconfiguration of above for BBI Xerox 820 8 SSSD or Xerox 820 5 SSSD CP M Manuals SWP dual density board SWP dual density board with CP M XEROX 820 board used tested good with CP M Other CP M configurations Custom ROMs and consultation on CP M are available CP M Public Domain Software We have CPMUG RCPM and SIGM disks for 5 00 each on Wabash 8 SSSD 10 disks with catalogs and abstracts on them for 50 00 Write for quote on entire collection Wabash 8 inch SSSD diskettes Wabash 5 inch SSSD diskettes Line Check Board for RS 232 C Inserted into the line it will monitor the seven commonly used signals PC Board 7 00 PC Board and parts kit 21 00 Assembled and tested 26 00 Call or write for catalog
138. ion in synchronous mode the clocks can be transmitted or received by amodem Both channels can be set up for either data communication or data terminals Supports mode 2 Int Price for all parts and connectors 39 95 BASIC I O Consists of separate parallel port Z80 PIO for use with an ASCII encoded keyboard for input Output would be on the 80 x 24 Video Display BLANK PC BOARD 99 95 The blank Big Board PC Board comes complete with full documentation including schematics the character ROM the PFM 3 3 MONITOR ROM and a diskette with the source of our BIOS BOOT and PFM 3 3 MONITOR ALL SALES MADE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF OUR 90 DAY LIMITED WARRANTY FREE COPY ON REQUEST Board may just be one of the most reliable single board computers available today This is the same design that The Big Board gives you the right mix of most needed computing features all on one board The Big Board was designed from scratch to run the latest version of CP M Just imagine all the off the shelf software that can be FEATURES Remember all this on one board mc sf WANT MORE INFO Full Documentation and PHA et eee ane Schematics 5 Pe eats i ee E RERO EE E E R E T att EE R RERS he Big 00 ckt kk BASIC 1 0 SIZE 812 x 13 IN SAME AS AN 8 IN DRIVE REQUIRES 5V 3 AMPS 12V 5 AMPS 24 x 80 CHARACTER VIDEO With a crisp flicker free display that looks extremely sharp even on sma
139. is this whole new group of publications sprouting forth Computer publications We as readers can let com puter publications become a trade press or we can force these new publications to adopt the same standards that we expect of news organizations Byte seems to be moving toward more TI I R I I E E a ETI YI EE EES ORE 50 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 INTRODUCING THE CYPHER A COMPLETE 68000 amp Z 80 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH JIPA RES GRAPHICS fie 68000 amp Z80 DUAL PROCESSORS BEST OF BOTH WORLDS 256K TO 1 MEGABYTE MEMORY DOUBLE DENSITY FLOPPY DISK CONTROLER 8 OR 5 DMA CONTROLLER FOR FAST IMAGE TRANSFERS TO FROM VIDEO MEMORY 2 RS232 SERIAL PORTS ZSIO 24 BIT ADDRESS MANAGEMENT FOR BASIC KIT INCLUDES BARE BOARD EPROMS CPM 80 BIOS CPM 68K BIOS Z80 MONITOR 68K MONITOR AP IT KEYBOARD 0005 94 95 AND UTILITIES 0ccccccesssseececcueteneees 449 95 AP II SWITCHING POWER SUPPLY 94 95 BASIC ASSEMBLED SYSTEM INCLUDES KIT TESTED AP I CASE 1 0 eee ec eee eeeceeeeees 94 9 WITH 68000 Z80 SERIAL I O 128K DRAM 4K SA BoM AND DISK CONTROLLER assan 1 149 95 ME S 1PPinc FIRST FIVE POUNDS 3 00 EACH ADDITIONAL PO D amp 5 ee FOREIGN ORDERS io SHIPPING EXCESS WILL BE REFUNDED DELIVERY WILL BE MADE APPROXIMATELY 3 TO 5WEEKS S L gt AFTER WE RECEIVE YOUR ORDER VISA MC CASH are PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOT
140. k also Microware Exceltek PO Box 5143 South San Francisco CA 94080 415 872 2195 Add 2 50 for shipping Figure 5 Memory Timing With Wait States DATA Bus WAIT eee ie Be cae ed Z380 Samples WAIT Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 11 Main Frames Main Frames from 175 e 70 Models of Enclosures e Assembled and tested e Quasi Coax Motherboards e Power Supply Card cage and guides Fan line cord fuse power amp reset switches 8 Floppy Main Frame 275 8 Disc Enclosure Slim Line 8 Floppy Main Frame Write or call for our brochure which includes our application note Making micros better than any ol box computer 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93291 209 651 1203 We accept BankAmericard Visa and MasterCharge SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER CHASSIS amp POWER SUPP 275 anien i SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER CHASSIS AND REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED AND TESTED Cabinet size 20 w x 22 4 d x 7 5 h Cabinet painted dove grey front back and side accents black Mounts 2 SHUGART SA851R EIGHT INCH FLOPPY DISK DRIVES or MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT Lighted reset switch on front panel Lamp supplied but not connected 4 DB25 4 Delta 50 1 Centronics connector cutouts two switched ac receptacles 6 three wire line cord EMI filter 7OCFM fan with washable dust filter line fuse power switch on rear panel P2904 removable module power su
141. l type B4 Autoboot and the B command still boot drive A The EPROMs must be modified to change the autoboot and B command If you want to attempt this the loca tions in the I1 3x EPROMS are 30EH 187H even for the autoboot and 18F5H C7AH odd for the Bcommand Use the monitor naming conventions when changing the boot disk 0 for A 1 for B 2 for C 3 for D 4 for H Booting off of M is not recommended Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 27 Slicer Computer System Real 16 Bit Computer Board with 80186 256K Bytes RAM 64K Bytes EPROM Two RS232C Ports and Floppy Controller for 8 5 and 3 System Includes SLICER Computer Board F SLICER Enclosure Two 5 Drives 96 TP D S D D 800K Bytes Drive E 6 MS Step Rate Terminal Power Supply CP M 86 Expansion Capabilities Custom configurations available upon request Price 3 495 00 Send in specifications for pricing Price w o Terminal 2 995 00 SSS SLICER COMPUTERS INC PR P pila ies won os astercard Visa Check Money Order SLICER ris ieee tage ts E or UPS COD orders accepted E 612 788 9481 CP M is a trademark of Digita Research Inc Slicer Enclosure SPECIFICATIONS 144 42 W x 6H x 15 D Rigid construction of upper and lower chassis accommodates various computer configurations SLICER 16 Bjt Computer X X SLICER Expansion Board X X Future SLICER Boards X Power Supply x X X Two 5 HH Floppies
142. ld file SWxxxx mac DSxxxx MAC or SSxxx MAC The following code is added to the sys tem 1 In the build file the Disk Parame ter Data structures are located in the SCRATCH memory area of the BBII monitor 2 In the same file the file XEBEC MAC is inserted after the the INCLUDE DEBLOCK MAC statement and before the calculation of BIOSLEN 3 In ONESECT MAC code is added to reset the SASI bus controller 4 In DEBLOCK MAC code is added to the SELDISK to setup and return the necessary DPH pointer After building a CP M operating sys tem with this CBIOS the hard disk is ac cessible by referencing the letter one greater than the highest drive letter de fined Design Implementation Decisions The basic decisions for this implemen tation were 1 We will make minimal changes to the deblocking routines supplied in Cal 1825 NW 138th Ave Portland OR 97229 Figure 2 Features of the Rodime R204 Winchester Number of disks 4 Number of surfaces 8 Number of heads 8 Number of cylinders 320 Unformatted capacity 26 67 Mbytes Transfer rate 5 Mbits second Seek with settling track to track Average Maximum 18 milliseconds 90 milliseconds 215 milliseconds Tex s DEBLOCK MAC file The only change occurred in the SELDISK rou tine 2 We will use large sectors to maxi mize the disk s storage capacity The ACB 4000 can support 23 Mbytes with either 512 or 1024 bytes sectors The 1024 byte secto
143. lect drive B BT In the CP M mode you can browse through the available directories just as you would on your own system To see the directory in a particular user area you usually enter AO gt DIR lt cr gt Displays directory Figure 1 Receiving Files From a Bulletin Board Lets say you are on drive A user 0 in the bulletin board system and you see a file let s say CRC OBJ that you wish to copy into your own system You enter See Figure 1 Receive Files If you wish to transfer a file say FIND COM from your system into the remote bulletin board they really appreciate this you enter See Figure 2 Send Files This exits you back into CP M Now don t forget to disconnect your modem from the phone line Your mother in law will be furious if she can t get through with the latest If you are going to be copying numer ous files from the bulletin board to your own system make sure you have disk space It s pretty easy to get flustered when a transfer halts in mid stream But don t worry the XMODEM program will time out at the other end You won t leave the remote system hanging very long AO gt XMODEM S CRC OBJ lt cr gt ok xmodem send me CRC OBJ E R CRC OBJ lt er gt e we we we When the transfer is complete enter T lt er gt Figure 2 Sending Files To a Bulletin Board AO gt XMODEM R FIND COM lt cr gt get into command mode on your own modem program tells
144. led and tested and requires about 45 minutes to install Software included to define custom characters and down load them to printers Coming features include graphics software circuit board layout tools and prototyping services and H19 and IBMPC emulation NEC Extended character set C Itoh has same set just re arranged Pe MES Lebt ROELSEES POWNTOSK Eav APE NG LAU NAZO TEWR A SSL OSKOZ H u E 4 ETIL LJ opa be en ity te ero R a l tea The Ultimate Video MOd ssecccececesossoseocessooosoooeoo 9189 00 Perfect Writer csscoecsccesosooesoooecososoooseoooe o 209 00 Cash price with U S shipping Visa MC Net30 add 3 COD 6 Dealer inquiries invited quantity discounts available Widener Consulting 2835 NE Brogden Hillsboro OR 97124 503 648 0363 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 On Your Own By David Thompson This is the second half of the adven ture we started in issue 18 In the last issue I discussed some of the problems that designers face starting a company The start up we are discussing is very real though the participants names have been changed to protect them from the company they work for They have de signed a bit slice version of Z80 that should run about 36 times faster than the original Zilog 4 MHz part In this column we will cover three ad ditional subjects free help deadlines and advertising Getting Free Help When we left Jim and his brother in episode 1 th
145. ll monitors Hardware scroll and full cursor control Composite video or split video and sync Character set is supplied on a 2716 style ROM making customized fonts easy Sync pulses can be any desired length or polarity Video may be inverted or true 5 x 7 Matrix Upper amp Lower Case FLOPPY DISC CONTROLLER Uses WD1771 controller chip with a TTL Data Separator for enhanced reliability IBM 3740 compatible Supports up to four 8 inch disc drives Directly compatible with standard Shugart drives such as the SA800 or SA801 Drives can be configured for remote AC off on Runs CP M 2 2 TWO PORT PARALLEL I O OPTIONAL Uses 2 80 PIO Full 16 bits fully buffered bi directional Uses selectable hand shake polarity Set of all parts and connectors for parallel 1 0 19 95 REAL TIME CLOCK OPTIONAL Uses Z 80 CTC Can be configured as a Counter on Real Time Clock Set of all parts 9 95 CP M 2 2 FOR BIG BOARD The popular CP M D O S to run on Big Board is available for 139 00 DOUBLE DENSITY ADAPTER BOARD 149 95 A amp T Requires no cuts or MODS to an existing Big Board Gives up to 670K storage on a single sided 8 in diskette With software to patch your CP M 2 2 PFM 3 3 2K SYSTEM MONITOR The real power of the Big Board lies in its PFM 3 3 on board monitor PFM commands include Dump Memory Boot CP M Copy Examine Fill Memory Test Memory Go To Read and Write 1 0 Ports Disc Read Drive Track Sector and Se
146. ll create a file for the overlay code and at run time will load the appropriate overlays when needed Figure 3 contains the skeleton of a pro gram that uses overlays The compiler will generate two files for overlay code and reserve two areas in the program for their execution The first file will contain the code for INIT VARS INSTRUC TIONS and PROCESS INPUT and pro gram area will be reserved for the largest of the routines The second file area will be for the menu procedures In the main program calls to any of the overlay procedures will cause them to be loaded from disk unless already resident and then executed The example also illustrates the type of routines that are good candidates for overlays Initialization routines and in structions are often called a single time at start up and are not subsequently need ed Menu displays are human oriented and the short delays associated with loading them from disk will not general ly affect overall performance You should also note that one of the pro gram s main processing procedures is included in the first overlay area If this were not done the first area would be dead space after the initialization and in structions had been performed Turbo Pascal allows for nesting of overlays When this is done an addi tional file and an area within the higher level overlay area will be created Version 2 0 also supports the standard procedure DISPOSE var to free dynam ic v
147. llel interface J5 It comes with auto patching soft ware that makes it look like an 8 SS SD disk drive to CP M It uses 4164 ram chips regular TTL and transfers data 8 10 times faster than a regular floppy See Micro C 9 fora description and MC 11 for a review of dynaDisk For 59 You Get 8 by 6 bare PC board Software on 8 SS SD floppy SOURCE INCLUDED Assembly amp Operation Manual Bare Board Only 839 820 OWNERS 820 11 OWNERS Your hardware will work with minor modifications Software patches are included in the man ual for 820 11 owners See MC 17 for info on adapting Dyna to the Xerox 820 ALL ORDERS Please add 5 00 for postage and handling All orders shipped first class Satisfaction guaranteed Please no COD s PO s or plastic money QUANTITY PURCHASES Buy five of one item at one time and get one free Buy ten get two free etc Send check or money order to 6708 Melrose Los Angeles L A Software 21332 0817 CA residents add sales tax CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Prices and specifications subject to change without notice FORTHwords By Arne A Henden I ve spent so much of the last month at various meetings that am only hitting on three cylinders Why do so many good meetings have to occur at equally spaced two week intervals This column reports on one of these meetings the Rochester FORTH Conference on Real Time Applications along with s
148. lt middle_element do lower_ptr lower_ptr 1 while middle_element lt alupper_ptr do upper_ptr upper_ptr 1 if lower_ptr lt upper_ptr then begin temp allower_ptr aflower_ptr alupper_ptr alupper_ptr temp lower_ptr lower_ptr 1 upper_ptr upper_ptr 1 end until lower_ptr gt upper_ptr if bottom lt upper_ptr then sort bottom upper_ptr if lower_ptr lt top then sort lower_ptr top end var i j integer begin i 0 repeat isis 1 read kbd ali writeln a i until afi 2 sort 1 1 writeln j 0 repeat Joes j 3 writeln alj until j i end Then when the subroutine is called by the program the address the computer receives its next instruction from is changed to the beginning of the subrou tine Also a well written subroutine pro vides for consistent results in any opera tion Lastly it improves understanda bility to give operations meaningful ti tles The Nesting Instinct You may notice on your screen as you compile a program that the line numbers are listed followed by a colon followed by another number that ranges from ze ro up to 5 or 6 or so This number is the level of nesting It should increase by one upon entry into any program block and decrease by one upon exit If your compiler tells you Undefined line number s you have either refer enced a non existent line number line numbers you program in rather than t
149. most sounded enthusiastic You re having problems he said Quicksort won t work in SBA SIC huh Well that s terrific Just the sort of challenge our readers need I had gotten quicksort to work in Tur bo Pascal but not in SBASIC though it was the same program I assumed the reason had something to do with the Scope of Recursion as mentioned in the SBASIC manual Dave suggested that I write a column describ ing my difficulties with the sorting pro gram or maybe just present the Turbo and SBASIC versions of quicksort so that we could collectively see why it didn t work in SBASIC So I came right home and pared the SBASIC quicksort routine down to essentials and compiled it It worked What s Dave gonna think of me now Sortid Success As near as I can figure my problem had to do with using records I had read from a disk file To make matters worse my A drive started behaving strangely around disks not reading them or only reading parts Iam putting this together using my B drive as the default and hop ing that everything will hold together until I can get things fixed Dave s idea was a good one The working SBASIC version of quicksort is very similar to the Turbo Pascal version I have included both in this month s col umn The version is a recursive one and shows the power of recursive program ing techniques How Quicksort Works Very quickly the procedure chooses an element in the mi
150. n C North Vancouver BC V7L 4P6 Only USA 19 95 postpaid check or money order Xerox 820 Boards factory assembled and tested 150 includes shipping manual schematics ROM source code listing Call evenings 415 964 2573 or write Jiri Kratt 575 S Rengstorss Apt 150 Moun tain View CA 94040 Public Domain UG Software Rental CP M UG Vol 1 92 on 46 8 Flippies 45 00 SIG M UG Vol 1 170 on 85 8 Flippies 85 00 PICONET Vol 1 34 on 17 8 Flip pies 25 00 Pascal Z UG Vol 1 25 13 8 Flippies 20 00 UG Games 20 Vols of the best ones 20 00 UG Modem 20 Vols of the best 20 00 UG Business 20 Vols of the best 25 00 UG Utilities 10 Vols of the best 20 00 Rental is for 7 days after receipt with 3 more days grace for re turn Credit cards accepted preferred 5 disk formats also available Down loading disk format conversions Call User Group Software Automatic Update Service 7 50 per 2 volume set PP 619 727 1015 24 hrs 619 941 0925 info P J s National Public Domain Software Cen ter 1062 Taylor Street Vista CA 92083 New 12 18Mhz monitors 35 1200 300 auto dial auto answer modem 259 300 baud ADAA modem 99 Shipping 3 B W Systems Box 9791 Austin TX 78766 512 255 8350 The Independent Nat l KAYPRO Users Group PEOPLE S COMPUTER NAT KUG Members get Our Bimonthly Newsletters amp Discounts Only 10 yr PEOPLE S COMPUTER NATKUG PO Box 28360 Queens Vlg NY 11428 BB I 2
151. n cis tts nary eE Ba Peed WE ty aret ame prugpmemenle nigri Xian ciake orap taraw tavast Maise aoet eter Ponar mienne Peasy tong 2 RANE he aren Bt RR aw it psia Talncree MIAR tee tate rere nk Seren naita mamring Pall samme eia wR Enies maiia fuclede a PE ey Me Otay aE Eee Sar ae eee hirt Portion wie sree ie Ea Tin Bet paree gt National CALL TODAY California 1 800 821 8778 1 800 521 7182 Visa and MasterCard are welcome Please add 1 50 for C O D UPS surface freight paid on all orders California residents please add 6 sales tax DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME Kaypro is a registered trademark of Kaypro Corporation CP M isaregistered trademark of Digital Research Wordstar is a registered trademark of MicroPro International CO POWER 88 is a registered trademark of SWP Microcomputer Products ProGRAPHICS capabilities e 25 x 80 character display e 8 x 10 character matrix with true descenders e non scrolling 25th status line showing user input information OR current cursor position user programmable relative time clock screen attribute on off status indicator graphics mode enable disable indicator key click on off indicator e both block 160 x 50 resolution and thin line graphics user selectable character and screen attribute including reverse video half intensity normal e real software selectable cursor including your choice of block underline blinking fast o
152. nd Ed getsa royalty Where else can you get an editor a formatter aC compiler and source for all for under 40 More ROMS Fast monitor ROMs for speed freaks and our famous better than Texas character ROM V2 3 for screen freaks Fast Monitor ROM BB1 29 95 Deluxe Character ROM BB1 29 95 BB II DRIVE INTERFACE For 54 and 8 Drives Andy Bakkers is making this special software package available through Micro C Complete source HEX amp documentation files on an 8 SS SD disk Also outlines on disk the hardware changes needed 29 95 More Goodies ROMs from Micro Cornucopia There are two ROMS in each Kaypro a monitor ROM and a character ROM The Monitor ROM supplies information for the Z80 processor on such things as how to get information from the disk drives and which character to use as a cursor The character ROM works entirely in the video circuit and it determines what the characters look like on the screen for instance does the f have a high small cross bar or a lower longer one of the Micro C character ROM When you speed up your Kaypro you are speeding up the processor clock so you have to use a monitor ROM that will also run at the higher speed You are not changing the video clock when you speed up the Kaypro so you don t need to change the character ROM unless you want the nicer looking character set Since the monitor ROM tells the processor how to do di
153. nd of line to beginning of line Char selectable normal inverse blink and low intensity 96 Upper and Lower case with descenders 32 interconnecting line block graphic set type ahead buffer 8 x11 silk screened double sided glass epoxy PC board only uses easy to get parts requires parallel ASCII keyboard and standard composite video monitor made in U S A Complete Kits Now Available 224 95 I C Sockets are Included Assembled and Tested Boards 274 95 Allow 6 weeks deliver for kits or A amp T Bare Board Programmed Control CALL OR WRITE amp Char Gen EPROMS Complete Detailed Documentation Including LINGER Schematice and Source Listing ENTERPRI SES INC P O Box 5783 E 79 95 Ta Newport News VA 23605 804 244 3874 Complete Documentation 10 Refundable with purchase Add 2 50 shipping amp handling Will Accept MC VISA amp CHOICE VA residents add 4 tax Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 NOW FOR ALL KAYPROS CP M 2 2E The Backgrounder Enhancements for the CP M operating system with definable keys Fastcopy Full disk copy in 44 sec single sided Suspend any program to Public files One copy of WordStar dBase for all user Print the screen Change disks numbers Use a Help key Read disk directory Mix single amp double sided disks Type ahead keyboard Fully definable keys Every key is redefinable up to 255 characters Plu P
154. ndon 100 1 Kaypro II 100 2 Kaypro 4 or 100 4 drives as drives an 3 You can boot from any disk with normal system tracks Kaypro II Kaypro 4 or Kaypro 8 The disk needs no modification 4 You can choose any character including space as a cursor and you can choose to make the character blink or not blink Plus you can change the cursor at will 5 You get a disk which contains a new copy routine for copying and formatting 784K disks and a drive diagnostic routine for checking out the quad density drives 6 You get complete printed instructions for installation of ROM and drives takes 10 to 15 minutes including drives 7 The installation requires no cuts or jumpers everything simply plugs into a Kaypro 4 If you have a Kaypro II see the modification article in Micro C issue 15 to turn your II into a 4 Pro Character ROM for Kaypro II and 4 The character ROM gives you a nicer looking character set Kaypros have come with two different character ROMs the early character ROMs had a rotten g y q f and t as well as commas and semi colons that were hard to tell from periods and colons On the newer systems manufactured since Sept 83 half of the characters notably the g have been improved but they haven t gone all the way Also many of the older character ROMs were poor quality parts so they generated snow as information scrolled up the screen This white flecky snow disappears when you install a Pro Character ROM
155. now if you are interested It wouldn t have to be anything too elabo rate l Thank you I like your publication having just received a back sample issue A bit complicated though Not your mass oriented magazine Do you have to go to an expensive electronics school to be able to understand microcomputer electronics and assembly programming What other options are there Locke Highleyman 1125 Oak Grove Avenue San Marino CA 91108 Editor s note There are many facets to this field and it is easy to get lost However four of the main areas of study for a CP M user are CP M the hardware end of computers applications programs and languages I think the best book on CPIM for a broad mix of users is Inside CPIM See this column for information on a hardware book by Ciar cia There are numerous books on Perfect Software and Micro Pro applications and I recommend a text on Pascal and a copy of Turbo Pascal for the language end of things Dear Editor Your new character ROM is very nice and the new monitor seems to handle the 5 MHz upgrade very well My com puter is going like a bat out of hell My keyboard was hanging up at 5 Mhz I replaced the SIO with the A vari ety and the problem has vanished I also replaced both PIOs with me it s either all or nothing I had been getting a few disk errors now that problem is gone too Thank you so much for your help over the phone My friends are relieved too A youn
156. ns Only 7 TTL devices are required This memory array resides in the address space of the CPU as 16 blocks of 16K Any 16K physical block can be mapped into any 16K logical block addressable by the CPU A bipolar RAM mapper controls which 16K blocks the CPU has access to The mapper is configured by easily understood single byte commands written to memory loca tion OFFFFH This extremely flexible architecture will accommodate awide variety of applications such as MPM CPM anda host of high speed data acquisition tasks This RAM upgrade will work at 4 Mhz This product comes with complete schematics and a full theory of operation with many programming examples Assembly installation and test procedures are thoroughly documented PAL code is not jf available i We have modified XDRIVE a public domain RAM disk software package to run with the 820 256K By the end of the 2nd quarter we willhave aCACHE BIOS melded with ZCPR thatwillgive younearlyall A the flexibility of CPM at a fraction of the cost 3 BARE BOARD amp DOCUMENTATION KIT W O RAM 2 5 Mhz A amp T 250 nS RAM 4 0 Mhz A amp T 150 nS RAM NEW MONITOR ROM SOURCE amp XDRIVE SOFTWARE E 64K 250 nS MK 4564 25 Bare Board amp Doc ACCOMMODATES Z80 Z80A OR Z80B Series Parts Dual RS232 Serial I O W Current Loop Option on A Channel both strappable as terminal or modem in RS232 Mode l 16 Programmable Baud Rates on each serial channel 32 Bits Buf
157. obtaining a 1771 disk controller chip locally and in the end used a 1791 instead To accommodate this I modified the socket by removing the contacts for pin 1 25 and 33 The chip specification says that pin 27 should be fed with inverted raw head data and that the read clock polarity is unimport ant so I pulled U94 74LS08 and re placed it by a 7404 wilth pins 4 and 10 clipped off The chess fix in Tech Tips issue 15 is also required for the Xerox 820 As print ed however it leaves out the essential step in the fix I inserted opcodes CB BB at 1F03 in order to reset bit 7 in register E but presumably it could be ANDed out in the accumulator Richard Parsons RR 1 Mount Albert Ontario Canada LOG 1M0 Figure 1 ZCHESS Fix DDT ZCHESS COM a1f00 1F00 mvi c 2 lt er gt 1F02 ani 7f lt er gt 1FO mov e a lt er gt 1F05 ret lt er gt 1F06 lt er gt C Kaypro Drive Lights One of my long standing irritations with the Kaypro was that the drive indi cator lights remain on all the time not just during a disk access So I fixed that I pulled out the Tandon manual the source I found in Micro C and started in with the logic on the the drive card I wanted to see the light during a drive se lect and a motor enable I found the two lines traced my circuit out imple mented it and presto Indicator lights when I want them ONLY during a disk access Figure 2 Drive Indicator Light Fix 5V BEFORE HF
158. ome more programming examples But first a few words from our sponsors Vendor News TI FORTH was finally released around Christmas This public domain fig based model for the TI 99 4 was originally planned as a TI supported product be fore the 99 4 went under From reading the manual it looks like TI FORTH is a good freebie it has an assembler sound and graphics support and floating point Check with local user s groups for your free copy A new floating point standard has been proposed by the FORTH Vendor s Group Check with Linda Kahn at Mi cromotion for a copy _ Laboratory Microsystems has quietly raised the price of their Z80 FORTH to 100 I ve looked at MACFORTH Creative Solutions for the Macintosh and it is good Check the three tiered pricing policy before ordering though You can t precompile images unless you order the 2500 developers package Rochester FORTH Conference I just got back from the Rochester meeting one of the two big paper pre sentation conferences on FORTH given every year The conference is hosted by the Laboratory for Laser Energetics at the University of Rochester Larry Forsley has been promoting FORTH at UR for many years In fact his URTH was my first taste of FORTH back in 1976 l If you want to see the latest FORTH products meet with vendors and par ticipate in large non technical forums go to the FIG National Convention in October If you are serious about FORTH
159. omfort Meanwhile we found a super neat gang programmer It is made by South ern Computer Company it has lots of RAM so I can load a ROM into RAM modify the data via the built in keypad or through the RS 232 port and burn another ROM It generates CRCs verifies program ming verifies blank ROMs does a neat self check and all kinds of other nifty things Dorcas Tracey and Cary really like using it and it was about 200 cheap er than the G TEK unit Plus it really looks like someone did a quality job on the hardware But best of all it works If you buy something from G Tek my condolences If you want to get ahold of a great 995 00 gang programmer then get ahold of the following folks Southern Computer Corporation 3720 N Stratford Rd NE Atlanta Ga 30342 404 231 5363 Digital Dynamics SPEEDPRO 5RTC It s time for your Kaypro Be the master of your time by equipping your Kaypro II or 4 with our SPEEDPRO 5RTC accessory board and TIMEPRO software Offering the high speed performance of our popular SPEEDPRO 5 the SPEEDPRO 5RTC adds the fourth dimension to your computing capabilities TIME With its built in battery backed up clock calendar and powerful appointment tracking software the SPEEDPRO SRTC makes your Kaypro work like no Kaypro has before TIMEPRO To compliment the clock calendar of the SPEEDPRO 5RTC Digital Dynamics has developed TIMEPRO a complete software system designed to
160. on ZCPR available only from Micro C Once you have ZCPR in your CP M you ll never go back to straight CP M For instance ZCPR searches drive A for any program not found on drive B so even an empty disk in drive B appears to contain every program on A It s great for text editors compilers etc Works on KayPro II and 4 EX14 a super replacement for SUBMIT Plus many more TREK FIX FIND SNOOPY ALIENS and DIF2 KayPro Disk K10 Assemblers We ve received a lot of requests for a Z80 assembler So Dana put in some long hours getting the Crowe Z80 assembler to run on the KayPro and every other l Z80 machine CROWECPM This is a first class Z80 assembler We use this assembler daily and we included its source Takes standard Zilog mnemonics LASM This is a more powerful version of the ASM assembler you received with the KayPro This will link multiple programs together at assembly time PRINTPRN This program makes it easy to print the listing files generated by the Crowe assembler KayPro Disk K11 Library amp Checkbook Programs CHECKS This has been a very popular group of programs Categorizes checks so you can keep track which are tax deductible and which get charged to which projects Includes source and excellent example check files Very powerful LIBR This is a complete set of library routines which let you group files into a single file called a library Then CP M sees them as a single program but with the li
161. oney orders in US funds only CONTROLLER PO Box 3775 Stn B Winnipeg Manitoba Cana da R2W 3R6 BBI ROM Terminal Emulator Menu driven selection of SIO port baud rate parity etc Interrupt driven I O loafs at 9600 baud Uses one EPROM slot 29 95 ppd 34 95 for 2716 1 Unified Soft ware Systems PO Box 2644 New Car rollton MD 20784 SCAN The two player computer strategy game is now available Deploy fighter aircraft fly under radar position AWAC aircraft and seek out your opponent s home base but beware of opponent mis sle bases and your aircraft missle and fu el levels Introductory price of only 14 99 CP M or MBASIC versions 64K required Mail 14 99 for Kaypro 2 disk format currently in stock and specify CP M or MBASIC version Or call for differ ent disk format availablility Easy Soft ware 8109 W Campbell Ave Phoenix AZ 85033 602 849 9253 AZ residents add 6 s Big Board with all options installed Cabinet Oddball Electronics Siemens FD 100 8 disk drive room for one more power supply fan keyboard CP M software 460 Zenith 12 green moni tor 45 John Griffin R1 Box 146 G Eatonville WA 98328 206 847 6747 64K RAM CHIPS Prime quality 300ns 64K dynamic ram chips perfect for use in DynaDisk 8 for 35 add 1 50 for ship ping Send check or money order plus appropriate sales tax to Soroban Sys tems Inc 1640 Mohawk St Los Angeles CA 90026 WANT TO BUY XEROX 820 II 5 25
162. ontrolled baud rates e Full Kit acer 925 945 50 to 38 AK paud 2 ee Easy Kit hard to get parts 480 500 Bare Kit board Rom Doc and Disk CP M 86 available aie E Regular U P S shipping within continental U S is included THE SLICER EXPANSION BOARD dynamic RAM using t the B R Parallel printer port for Contronics type M54500 DRAM controller n o aS o printers o Same size as the SLICER bower 5V 1 BA the Signetics C2681 serial communications 12 200 mA 12V 100 mA circuit with baud rates selectable from 38 aK 2 bud to 50 paud Sold in various forms TEn a 2 RS232C serial aA ports using the Assembled and tested ToL 2 800 00 Zilog 8530 SCC with header connectors _ Full Kit Eo 650 00 or syfichronause communications personality Memory Board 3 Port Board and Clock Real Time Clock with h battery back up using the Bare Board and Doc 00 CDP6818 RTG circuit on board or off board Regular U P S shipping within continental U S i is included Prices subject to change a without notice _ SLICER Enclosure oe Mastercard Visa Check lt w Power Supply pore t3 lt Money Order or C O D w Power Supply and Two 96 TPI Drives E Graes seen delven SLICER Computer System 2995 a ede w Terminal 7 ete Bat J s SLICER i CP M a trademark of SLICER COMPUTERS INC 2543 Marshall St N E e Digitat Research Ine e Minneapolis
163. p 9 p23 Jitter fix 12 p3 RAM Disk 9 24 6X10 dot matrix 12 p38 Bell 9 p25 Separate sync and video 10 p2 Bell 8 p21 Improving 10 p32 Expanding the character set 7 p2 50 Hz 7 p19 Inverted keyboard 7 p17 Improving sharpness 7 p19 Expanding the character set 6 p8 Jitter 4 p5 EPROM programmer 6 p5 Reversing cursor 3 p6 ESE N E A A EEE EEA EAA EARE 55 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 Calendar Clock 69 Kit Uses National MM58167 clock chip as fea tured in May 82 Byte Works with any Z 80 based computer with clk lt 5 5 MHz Keeps time from months to 10 000ths of a second Battery backup keeps time w power off Batteries are available at Radio Shack stores Easy to use software included to set and read the clock in BDS C JRT Pascal and Microsoft Basic All source code is included Software is available on 8 SSSD 5 Xerox 820 Kaypro 2 Osborne Northstar Cromemco and Apple disks and over a modem for other computers Packages available Fully assembled and tested Complete Kit Bare board and software Extender cable option for non piggyback installation EPROM Programmer 39 Kit Programs 2716 2516 and 2532 EPROMS just what Big Board users require All software written in BDS C and source code is included Plugs into parallel port with no trace cuts Software on 8 SSSD and Xerox 820 5 disks An unbelievable value Kenmore Computer Technologies 20 Landers Roa
164. pply 5 3A 42 5A 12 5A for computer 5 2 5A 24 2 5A 4A peak 5 25A for disk drives Includes power cable from power supply to computer unter minated wires at computer end and power cable to 2 disk drives specify single or double sided drives when ordering l POWER SUPPLY amp ENCLOSURE AVAILABLE SEPARATELY DY IN CORANO 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 209 654 1203 We accept BankAmericard Visa and MasterCard Bulletin Boards Getting It Together By David Thompson We ve had a lot of questions from folks who are dialing up bulletin boards but not having much success transfer ring files The heart of most bulletin boards is a program called BYE COM see disks K14 and K23 When the sysop system oper ator runs BYE it sets his system to auto matically answer the phone through a Hayes smartmodem or equivalent and either log the caller directly into CP M called RCPM or Remote CP M or runa special program This is usually a stand ard RBBS Remote Bulletin Board Sys tem program which lets you the caller view or leave messages Quite often the RBBS s also let you drop out of the RBBS program into CP M RCPM remember At this point you can view the directory and transfer pro grams but we re getting ahead of our selves Getting Ready to Call an RBBS When you call a bulletin board you run your modem program let s say MO DEM7 In modem7 you will be asked for ba
165. program to write hel lo world onto the screen The in clude files help the compiler by adding into the program some canned defini tions and subroutines STDIOA H de fines names such as YES and NO so that your program can use them if need be These names are NOT variables they are used by the compiler s preprocessor to insert the values associated with them into the program before it is compiled This is C s way of defining constants IOLIB ASM has all the subroutines needed by C to access your disk via CP M and CALL ASM a lousy name has the primitive subroutines needed to do 16 bit adds multiplies divides equals etc Whew This is a lot of stuff just for one little program But we re not done yet at the bottom of HELLO C is another set of includes these are the C language sub routines the others were assembly lan guage subroutines needed for our pro gram All told we need more than 50k of source to support our little program Now you know why commercial C compilers nowadays come with an as Figure 3 Simple Program for Small C HELLO C hello a simple c program include lt stdioa h gt include lt iolib asm gt include lt call asm gt oa printf hello world n lib c function library Copyright 1982 J E Hendrix th t i eraso he Old Site to eave usia dete le mere toon define NOCCARGC don t pass arg count to functions include
166. programs One problem with SBASIC is that it does not allow the passing of a variable parameter Variable parameters are a Pascal concept If you write an SBASIC procedure to swap two variables and pass the two Figure 2 Quicksort in Turbo Pascal Quicksort in Pascal a var a array 1 100 of char procedure sort bottom top integer var lower_ptr upper_ptr integer middle_element temp char begin lower_ptr bottom upper_ptr top variables to the procedure the proce dure will set up local variables swap those two variables and then return con trol to the main part of the program leav ing the original variables untouched There are two ways around this One is to make the variables global to the proce dure But this destroys the modularity of the procedure The other is to pass the memory addresses of the main variables to the swap procedure base the proce dure variables at the same locations and then perform the swap and return to the main part of the program But this is so time consuming that it s easier to manually swap the variables as needed Generally whenever you perform the same operation twice you save memory by writing a procedure or function and then using the procedure in the places where needed As the program is com piled machine language instructions are established in one place in memory middle_element al bottom top div 2 repeat while allower_ptr
167. r a password It will not release the console until you enter the password FINDBAD CMD A867 Finds and collects bad sectors on a disk If there are no bad sectors information on the disk is unaltered Disk 86 2 DU and Modem Programs DU V75 CMD A86 DOC This is the popular disk utility from CP M 80 It lets you read write and modify disk sectors MODEM4 CMD A8 This is a modem program set up for the Slicer This program includes a built in help file MODEM7SL CMD A86 DOC No modem disk would be complete without this standard This is modem set up for the Slicer It displays a menu when it is called Disk 86 3 Small C C86 CMD This is the original Small C compiler which appeared in Dr Dobbs Journal in 1980 It runs under CPM 86 and generates 8086 source for the ASMB86 assembler C86 COM This is the C86 compiler which runs under CPM 80 This 8080 program produces 8086 assembly language C86LIB A86 This is the C86 I O library SMALLC86 DOC Documentation on Small C C Source of the C86 compiler OTHER GOODIES Screen Editor in Small C 39 00 A simple but full function screen text editor plus a text formatter all written in Small C by Edward Ream This package includes the editor and formatter COM files setup for the Big Board Small C itself and source code for all With the documentation this is over 400K on a flippy disk Edward is selling this package for 50 youcan buy it from us for 39 a
168. r allowing you to adds 2 PlOs SIO CTC and a DMA controller work with up to 8 2716 EPROMs at the same time FULL MODE 2 INTERRUPT OPERATION Upload and Download Intel Hex Files Works with 2 5MHz and 4MHz systems Edit the data in the 16k byte memory buffer Complete documentation Define your own addresses for the memory buffer Complete screen error messages STAND ALONE U I E Software source included 256k bytes of RAM with DMA capability Menu driven 4 fully buffered 8 bit parallel ports Interfaces with most Z80 CP M systems 4 Mhz use Z80A parts and 200 nsec dynamic RAM 2 5 MHz use Z80 parts and 250 nsec dynamic RAM options available later configurable EPROM socket 2716 thru 27256 EPROM emulator 4 fully buffered 8 bit parallel ports Adapters for single chip processors 2 configurable RS232C serial ports Complete documentation all prices shown are in US funds orders shipped within 10 days A R O Biegun amp Associates P O Box 4071 Stn B Winnipeg Manitoba Canada R2W 5K8 CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc BIG BOARD I DUAL DRIVE ENCLOSURE Because of the unprecedented popularity of the original Big Board we felt there would be a good market for an attractive yet low cost custom enclosure We have had designed THE perfect enclosure for your Big Board and two eight inch drives AMBER SCREENS tor KAYPRO STEP UP TO THE BEST An AMBER display is the EASIEST on your EYES We provide you with the
169. r slow non blinking invisible In addition ProGRAPHICS gives you these features e an overlay program allowing Wordstar to use the new video attributes and other features making it much easier and faster to use e built in monitor adaptor for connection to an external video monitor e the ability for your Kaypro to display video data 80 faster than stock e allows it to work at 9600 in telecommunications and terminal modes e fast snow free scrolling e two demo programs bar graph and keyboard test complete with source code e complete with all necessary hardware software and illustrated installation instructions PLUS ProGRAPHICs is fully compatible with our 5MHz TurboBoard Plu Perfect s CP M 2 2E SWP s CO POWER 88 and Micro Cornucopia s Pro 8 ROM Character Comparison programs 5 t ly Pas ADVENT ProGRAPHICS VIDEO e Fully Formed Characters e True Character Descenders e True Cursor e Improved Aspect Ratio Kay_roa 7 of e Programs atly increa KAYPRO STANDARD VIDEO e No True Descenders e Simulated Cursor ProGRAPHICS SYSTEM 299 00 Warranteed for 90 days Money cheerfully refunded if not completely satisfied stuent products inc _ 3154 F E La Palma Avenue Anaheim CA 92806 e 714 997 0800 PROGRAMMER 4 tititi LS Jv 1 or ewar Qos pan ae 2716 321 pn 4 2 27647128 ONE 15 A LOW COST ALTERNATIVE TO EPROM PROGRAMMING R
170. r to L Band Systems 1037 E Lemon Ave Monrovia CA 91016 818 357 0566 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 EPROM PROGRAMMER WADE I interfaces to the BBI XEROX 820 parallel port Universal interface Expander Requires 5v WA 25v 1A interface cabl q Peete Use the WADE I U I E for Intelligent Communications Printer Buffer Parallel driven RAM disk System multiplexer P S to S P converter AND as a BIG BOARD or XEROX 820 PORT EXPANDER Power requirements 5 volts 3A 12 volts 1A Software and schematic Bareboard and schematic Software and bareboard Software and kit less ZIFs Software and full kit Programmer A T S H within N A S H foreign orders Big Board II software and source uses BB II sockets for programming Bareboard 85 95 Printer buffer EPROM 14 00 Printer buffer source on 8 SSSD diskette 25 00 4 MHz Kit 64k with printer buffer EPROM 359 00 4 MHZ A T 64k with printer buffer EPROM 459 00 64k byte bank of RAM 8 4164s 200nsec 79 00 S H within N A 10 00 Software is delivered on a 8 inch SS SD flo disk ie X ppy di S H foreign orders 15 00 Program Verify Load and check for Erased Intel Eproms 2716 2732 A 2764 27128 BIG BOARD XEROX 820 PORT EXPANDER T I Eproms 2516 2532 2564 interfaces through the Z80 CPU socket and 1 jumper to con Xicor EEprom 2816A nect the IEO IEI daisy chain Uses 16k bytes of systemmemory as a buffe
171. rd memory bank is for RAM or ROM added to the board via the STD bus Whether bought as a bare board or assembled and tested it comes with a 2732 EPROM containing Russell Smith s superb Monitor E Multiple Density Controller for SS DS Floppy Disks The new Cal Tex single board computer has a multiple density disk controller It can use 1793 or 8877 controller chips since it generates the side signa with TTL parts The board has two connectors for disk signals one with 34 pins for 5 25 drives the other with 50 pins for 8 drives E Vastly Improved CRT Display The new Ferguson SBC uses a 6845 CRT controller and SMC 8002 video attributes controller to produce a display rivaling the display of quality terminals There are three display modes Character block graphics and line graphics The board emulates an ADM 31 with 24 lines of 80 characters formed by a 7x9 dot matrix E STD Bus The new Ferguson computer has an STD Bus port for easy system expansion B DMA The new Ferguson computer has a Z80 A DMA chip that wilt allow byte wise data transfers at 500 KBytes per second and bit serial transfers via the Z80 A SIO at 880 Kbits per second with minimal processer overhead When a hard disc subsystem is added the DMA chip makes impressive disk performance possible SRS a WA RR Be 145 PC BOAR SIZE 8 75 x 15 5 POWER 5V 3A 12V 0 1A E SASI Interface for Winchester Disks Our Big Board II implements
172. rectory auto dial answer Baud and file speed control file utilities and more in SIGXII COM plus Communication utility programs and other handy stuff with instructions on disk Prewritten 10 entry PERMANENT directory Send SASE for more information To Order please print your name and address no p o box 10 exact names and numbers including 1 and area code if needed for Permanent Directory send 380 00 California residents add 612 in Money Order or Check add 2 weeks COD orders add 5 00 Cash or Money order only on COD No phone orders yet We ship prepaid UPS SWAP FILE FULL 25530 Ave Stanford 203 Valencia CA 91355 MOU STOR MOR e Plated Media e 2 Year Warranty DELPHI 15 MB Portable Hard Disk Drive System 1999 BEE XxMOR ENTERPRISES 22 182nd Avenue East oe Sumner WA 98390 206 862 6310 9 5 Pacific Time wt SH DESCRIPTION 1 STORE MOR Delphi 15MB Hard Disk 1 999 00 12 6 2 ACCENT MOR Diacrit Accent ROM 200 00 1 3 VU MOR Copy Stand 19 95 3 TERMS M C VISA COD Money Order Registered Check Two week delay for checks SHIPPING UPS in Continental US P P insured Outside US Prepaid Tax 7 8 for Washington Residents Kaypro is aregistered Trademark of Kaypro Corp WordStar is a trademark of MicroPro 24 COMMUNICATIONS LOVE AFFAIR FROM SWAP FILE FULL Powerful Single Board Computer Includes CP M Plus 3 0 banked Assembled Tested
173. rename drives was shown to me by Mark Johnson Mark put a short translate table figure 3 into the BIOS and checks it on every call to SELDSK 26 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 Figure 4 Routine to Set Drives INCLUDE CODES1 NOLIST CNTL EQU 40H CR EQU CNTL M LF EQU CNTL Jt 3CCP command line trailer DSEG ORG 80H CMDLINE RB 80H SELDSK location in jump table SSEG ORG 251BH SELDSK RW 1 CSEG Get location of disk name table Name table is 16 bytes before SELDSK routine in BIOS BIOS segment is in SS SELDSK offset is determined by looking sat the BIOS jump table MOV BP SELDSK 1 ADD BP OFFSET SELDSK 3 16 Process command line First two characters which 3look like drive names are used All other characters Display current drive name translation table on CRT REPORT MON MESSAGE DB CR LF Original 0 MOV CX 16 ORGLP MOV AL Q SUB AL CL MON CONOUT LOOP ORGLP MON MESSAGE DB CR LF Modified 0 MOV CX 16 MOV SI BP MODLP LODS SS AL ADD AL A MON CONOUT LOOP MODLP RETF Get the next drive name from command Characters which do not look like drive snames are ignored Drive number returned sin AL Carry set if no drive name found gare ignored Thus things like colons equal signs GETNAME Spaces can be used If less than two drive names LODSB sare found than no swap is done OR AL AL MOV SI OFFSET CMDLINE JZ NON AME CALL GETNAME SUB AL
174. rently available for Kaypro meee Bigboard Zorba Xerox 820 ll Actrix eke if Osborne and ATR8000 computers 128k CO POWER 88 w MSDOS amp RAM Drive 256k CO POWER 88 WIMSDOS amp RAM Drive 500 00 T e EN Cea ace th cada E T tame ATR8000 SWP s 499 95 CP M Computer SWP s ATR8000 is a 64k RAM Z80A 4 MHz computer that includes double density CP M 2 2 The ATR 8000 runs up to four disk drives that are any mixture of size 5 and 8 type single sided and double sided and density single double and quad The ATR8000 has an RS 232 port for a modem or serial printer and includes software for both There s also a parallel port with a parallel printer driver The ATR8000 interfaces to an RS 232 terminal or to an ATARI home computer Software includes a program that allows the ATR8000 to use CP M disks from other computers The ATR8000 can be upgraded to aiso run CP M 86 and MSDOS by adding CO POWER 88 Bigboard Dual Density We ve just released a new version Hardware Software V 061983 e 8 SSDD disk storage is 674k DS is e A daughter board that plugs into the e One 8 version includes the code to twice as much 5 is 183k 1771 socket With this board the system make a 60k double density CP M for e Includes DDINIT for SD and DD initial employs automatic density select 8 SS 2 5 MHz 8 DS 2 5 MHz izing and DDSYSGEN for DD sysgening u dpi 8 SS 4
175. ro C is just about the only sane way to attempt to bring up and operatea BB I system The letters editorial an swers to questions technical tips and articles have produced a body of infor mation which is nearly indispensable While building my BB I I classified these hints by category and then sorted the index by Issue in descending order 763 Silkoak Way Sunnyvale CA 94086 beginning with issue 16 I chose de scending order to highlight the most up to date information Before I made the index I spent a lot time spinning my wheels looking for that article or was ita letter on the fix CP M and PFM MEMORY EXPANSION Shift lock 15 p3 RAM Update 19 p60 Disk directory 13 p4 Errata 13 p3 CBIOS in Intel mnemonics 13 p28 256K Modification Part II 13 p7 Bug in PFM dump 11 p3 256K Modification Part I 12 p4 LST 10 p4 64K chips 11 p4 Relocating CP M 9 p9 Add 6K of RAM 7 p17 Changing CBIOS 8 p17 Step rate 8 p25 Cursor change 5 p2 MOTOR CONTROL PFM 80 5 p5 Fix for control described in 8 10 p32 PFM 80 errata 5 p5 AC Motor control 8 p25 Standard 60K CP M CBIOS 2 p4 Relay motor control 6 p10 CP M patch for serial printer 2 p5 Disk drive motor control 2 p5 Monitor listing 2 p8 Monitor listing 1 p10 PRINTER INTERFACES amp PORTS DISK DRIVES amp DISK CONTROLLER R interface fix rae erial port P SWE duar density 175 p37 Olivetti Praxis interfac
176. ro Cornucopia for more KayPro compatibles Call or write for information on the other KayPro II and 4 ROMS from Micro Cornucopia Plus 4 Decoder Board With this nifty little plug in board your Pro 8 ROM can access up to four 514 drives You just plug a four drive 34 pin cable into this board and you can add up to two additional drives i Now you can run any mix of 191K 390K and 784K drives as drives A B C and D You can run your origina drives as A and B then add 380K or 784K drives outboard as C and D You can even run four half wides inside your original Kaypro The Plus 4 Decoder Board for only 3995 Watch for 4 84 and 10 84 compatible ROMs coming soon Micro Cornucopia P O Box 223 Bend OR 97709 503 382 8048 9 5 Pacific Time Monday Friday CP M 86 15 00 each 8 CP M 86 Disk DISK 86 1 Disk Utilities D CMD A86 SD CMD A86 XDIR CMD A86 Three extended directory pro ame Each does it differently so we included all three FILE EXT CMD A86 Disk status program with good display format PAGE CMD A86 A text paging program Dis plays 24 lines at a time PRINT CMD AS8 6 File printing routine Puts a header at the top of each page along with page number and file name MUCHTEXT CMD A86 Counts words and ated in a text file CMD A86 Selective file erase program Disp aye all selected files and then asks you one at a time for a Y INUSE CMD A86 Prints In Use on your terminal and asks fo
177. rom page 1 up with Don t limit yourself by making any physical assumptions about com puters or people or environments and don t limit yourself to a single problem there are plenty to go around The sci ence fiction section of your local library has all kinds of mind expansion material if you need to jump start the old thinker It s Gettin Heavy I msure that you ve noticed that Micro C has been getting bigger and bigger Well it s been getting heavier and heavi er at the same time We ve looked at getting a second class mailing permit but second class costs al most as much as first class and the ser vice is reportedly no better than bulk rate So we ve continued the first class and bulk rate options It s now costing us more than 1 00 per copy for first class postage in the U S Canada and Mexico and more than 3 50 per copy for many foreign countries So we re raising our first class U S Canada and Mexican rates to 22 per year and our foreign rates to 30 per year Bulk rate costs us only about 12 cents per copy so the bulk rate subscrip tions will remain at 16 Payment For Articles We are now at the point where we can actually pay for articles We began pay ing for columns about 6 months ago Here is how it will work o When you sendin an article or techtip be sure to let us know which disk you d like in return The disk will be sent out as soon as we receive your submission Af
178. rom the com puter when DS1 or DS2 are switched to the 5 inch drives The pin 2 from the 8 inch drive is not used The 8 and 5 select line pin 5 from the 820 II is pulled high internally As long as pin 2 is high the 820 II assumes 8 inch 716 377 0369 PO BOX 81 PITTSFORD NY 14534 drives are connected By plugging in 5 inch drives pin 2 is pulled low telling the 820 II it has 5 inch drives connected With the switches on the box you can select A drive to be 8 and B drive to be 5 or vice versa and use use PIP or SWEEP to download or upload files Select both drives to be 8 or 5 inch and the system will operate normally Use caution when initializing 5 inch disks Throw both switches to 5 inch and cold boot the system with a 5 inch CP M system on the A drive or the computer will assume 8 and try to initialize it as 8 inch The computer must be turned on be fore the box or the computer will not come on This box will not work on the 820 I Dick Miller from Xerox is the origina tor of this tip R L Robinson 19141 Stingray Lane Huntington Beach CA 92646 Figure 3 5 amp 8 Drive Interface for Xerox ji 5 DRIVE Pins Ail other pins except 21 37 Pins 20 thru 37 are all grounded 8 DRIVE together Use wire 20 for all T OPTRONICS TECHNOLOGY SBASIC COLUMN continued from page 23 at the end of the file after the last legiti mate record When your program finds this marker i
179. rs were chosen since that is the size of the floppy disk buffer 3 Each logical disk will be the same size Once I had the modified BIOS run ning I tried varying the sizes of the logi cal disks The additional memory re quired however made this unfeasable 4 Ichose the Adaptec Inc ACB 4000 Disk Controller because a Defect handling is done by the con troller on a sector level and is transparent to the host b It uses a 32 bit ECC and correction of single burst errors of 8 bits All ID and data fields are ECC protected c It has a 1024 byte FIFO for com municating with the host adapter d Cylinders may be formatted in 256 512 or 1024 byte sectors selectable by setting the appropriate byte in the FOR MAT disk command e Once a drive is formatted using an ACB 4000 all necessary interface data is stored on the disk Thus the host adapter can read the disk and select its file system characteristics appropriately f Itsupports two independent drives g The controller supports a variety of interleave factors selectable when FOR MATTING the disk see Figure 1 5 The Rodime Ltd R204 514 Win chester Hard Disk is the big brother in the R200 Series See Figure 2 for fea tures continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 5 THE BBII AND THE WINNY continued from page 5 Modifications to the SELDISK Routine Since I chose to use the same data structure as defined for t
180. ry Earlier versions of the software as well as a MAC file were included The version I had does 2716 2732 2732A and 2764 s Commands included are Dump Memory Check for Erase EPROM Read EPROM into Memory Load File into Memory Save Memory into File Compare EPROM with Memory Program EPROM with Memory Cyclic Redundancy Check on EPROM Cyclic Redundancy Check on Memory Return to EPROM Selection Menu A reed relay is provided so that power to the EPROM is on only when the EPROM is written to or read and an LED is provided to show when power is on at the EPROM socket The Dump Memo ry feature shows both hex and ASCII however a debugger like DDT or ZSID is required to make changes to EPROM code I especially like the CRC checking facility both for verification of integrity but also as a revision check It seems that Ihave a habit of mislabeling or not label ing things unless I write the label imme diately Disks EPROMS and other Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 418 Kings Way Mundelein IL 60060 312 949 7500 things have a habit of stacking up around here A jumper is provided for program ming at either 21 volts or 25 volts and pots are provided to adjust the voltage for both jumper settings During the burn process a time and number of bytes burned graph is displayed so that one can judge how long the current process will take After burning the EPROM a compare with memory can be done to verify t
181. s Carrying straps loop under the printer providing full support Makes isi carrying your printer both easier and safer Made from durable Sunbrella Available in Black or Navy Please specify printer make and model and color desired when ordering Available for Silver Reed 550 Comrex CR15 Okidata 92 amp 93 Prowriter 8510A Epson FX 80 MX 80 Brother HR15 RX 80 RX 100 MxX 100 Printer Carrying Case 42 95 DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME Call Today National 1 800 821 8778 California 1 800 521 7182 All items are warranteed for 90 days Money cheer fully refunded if not completely satisfied VISA and MasterCard are welcome Please add 1 50 for COD UPS surface freight paid on all orders Califor nia residents please add 6 sales tax aduent products inc 3154 F E LaPalma Avenue Anaheim CA 92806 714 997 0800 ProGRAPHICS PUTS THE PRO IN KAYPRO ProGRAPHICSs gives your Kaypro 2 or 4 the ultimate in video display as well as graphic capability ProGRAPHICS emulates the popular Televideo 925 950 terminal at the same time retaining full compatibility with existing software Simple plug in installation requires no soldering or other modifications Here are just some of Software sales WH raare sales LOPE De EHO Jan Feb M r fpr May Jun Jul Rug Sep Oct Nov Dec MONTHS 1583 tw season hs popotne Toraya KINO eee Tan ve ak era URIE NANAISIN PALT ANORI ie Belitae tetida amp BI ty towing aa e
182. s manner BCD4 is an even faster solution to the problem The packing is performed in sets of 3 digits well within the 16 bit in teger limit Then the most significant set is multiplied by 1000 and added to the least significant set Note how much shorter and clearer BCD4 is than earlier versions TRIO uses the same basic ap proach to digit combination as used in BCD1 and BCD2 TRIO2 is similar to BCD3 in that it uses the left shift algo rithm The advantage to TRIO2 is that it uses 16 bit multiply by ten operations which are much simpler to code Finally the word 10 demonstrates how you can write the innermost word in assembly language to speed up the conversion as much as possible The BCD1 conversion is about 4 times slower than BCD4 with TRIO2 and 10 What this example demonstrates is the power of FORTH You can code an appli cation using brute force techniques learned from other languages and it will work With a little knowledge of how FORTH works you can write compact code that will outperform most other high level languages I hope you all have a chance to get to the SOG If not enjoy your summers EEE EEES TE a aE a a I AN OTD Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 ue 33 Xerox 820 Column By Mitch Mlinar Before I get into the hardware soft ware goodies a couple words about the state of Xerox As of this writing Xerox has stopped producing both the 820 II and 16 8 except for in house limit
183. s same method is used to send and receive the sector information The SCSI protocol specifies that once the SCSI controller is ready it controls the buss It does this by setting the ap propriate bits in its status port for the host adapter software to read Two bits are used The request REQ comes from the SCSI to the host and the ac knowledge ACK returns to the SCSI The BBII uses a flip flop to handle the REQ ACK handshaking The SCSI REQ line transition sets the DMAREQ line and the ACK line is set to the non ACK state When the CPU or DMA reads or writes to the SCSI data port the results of the previous SCSI REQ are reversed The DMAREQ status line is jumpered between JB7 5 and JB9 5 When the BBII s SELMUX port is set to 00011111 the SCSI DMAREQ will appear on the DMAs Ready bit The routines in the file except for four were adapted to the Z80 mnemonics from the suggested protocol imple mented in the Adaptec Inc ACB 4000 Winchester Disk Controller OEM Manu al Two of the routines program the DMA s SELMUX and update several MONITOR variables The other two rou tines S RD and S WRT were modified to use the DMA controller if a single block read or write command were sent The OTIR INIR method was not used because it does not follow the handshake protocol Once the DMA is started the program enters a read loop waiting for the SCSI Figure 4 Modifications to SELDISK i SELDISK
184. sing the winchester as a uffer BIGBURST Backs up a very large winchester file onto multiple floppies Joins the copies to recreate the original file MULTCOPY Use this like PIP but it prompts you to change disks Accepts ambiguous file names MDIR Displays files in all user areas on selected drive Many features MAKE MOVE PIP like utilities that make it easy to move files between user areas SWEEP The famous disk cleanup and transfer routine that does just about everything you can do with TYPE ERA DIR and PIP UNSQ This is the latest greatest file unsqueezer Enter UNSQ and it will check every file on the disk All squeezed files will be unsqueezed 8 Users Disks 15 00 each NY ww USERS DISK 22 Pascal Compiler This is a real Pascal compiler It supports only a subset of the language no records pointers bool eans reals or complex but it generates a real COM file Everything is on this disk the compiler its source example programs and documentation s USERS DISK 23 Xerox Utilities This disk contains Xerox specific utilities including a screen dump fromWayne Sugai with source modi fications for the SWP package including ZCPR anew monitor and a clock calendar from Mitch Mlinar and Jim Mayhugh s new monitor see issue 19 A very special disk for Xeroxers REMEMBER FREE Users Disks in exchange for submitted software or articles HERE COME THE ANDROIDS continued f
185. sk 8 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 Figure 5 Modifications to MACROS MAC IF DSIZE GT 255 IF BSIZE LT 2 PRINTX BLOCK SIZE MUST BE GREATER THAN 1K WHEN DIR gt 255 ELSE RSHFT DEFL 4 ENDIF ELSE RSHFT DEFL 3 ENDIF BEXM DEFL BMASK SHR RSHFT OR OH Figure 6 Build File Modifications Change the following IF WINCH INCLUDE XEBEC MAC ENDIF to read IF WINCH INCLUDE ADAPTEC MAC INCLUDE ACB4000 MAC ENDIF AFTER the statement BIOSLEN EQU AND 128 128 CBIOS ADD the statements IF WINCH WDPH MACRO LOCAL BASE1 BASE1 DEFS 16 3 DISK PARAMETER HEADER DEFS 15 DISK PARAMETER BLOCK DEFS 4 DEBLOCK PARAMETERS DEFS 1 DEBLOCK FLAGS DEFS MAXBLK 8 ALLOCATION VECTOR ENDM WDPHTAB EQU REPT WINCH CREATE HARD DISK DATA AREA WDPH ENDM WDPHSIZ EQU WDPHTAB WINCH WEND EQU i In the section of code following ORG SCRATCH Delete the IF WINCH ENDIF statements inclusively I recommend inserting the following conditional in any build file It will save you a lot of head scratching After the Calculation of BIOSLEN insert IF BIOSLEN GT 3072 e PRINTX BIOS LENGTH GREATER THAN 24 SECTORS WILL NOT FIT ON TRACK 0 ENDIF END Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 FLOWCHARTER SIESTA aeass END OVERNIGHT 444384822232232 v 228222222822223 START ON LINE 4 t 242482223828338 v 2232222422231338 3 t BRANCH SIGN ON t 2842383282822833
186. sk accesses you are going to have to change that ROM in order to upgrade to larger drives Pro Monitor II for Kaypro II 1 This ROM is a fast part so you can run 4 or 5 MHz with your Kaypro II 2 It gives you a non blinking block cursor much less irritating though you can specify a standard blinking underline if you prefer it 3 It does faster disk accesses even if you don t speed up your system 4 It throws away null characters those little asterisks that sometimes garbage the screen during data communications 5 Includes complete printed instructions for simple Pee installation takes 5 minutes Pro Monitor 4 for Kaypro 4 This ROM does everything the Pro Monitor II does only it s for a Kaypro 4 Though the ROM that comes in your Kaypro 4 will run 4 or 5 MHz unlike the ROM that comes in the II this ROM also gives you 1 Non blinking block cursor 3 Throws away null characters 2 Faster disk accesses 4 Complete printed instructions simple plug in installation takes 5 min Pro Monitor 8 package for Kaypro 4 This ROM package does everything the Pro Monitor II and 4 do it will run at 5 MHz ignores nulls has the fast disk accesses In fact even if you will be using your original 191K or 390K drives for now you can use this ROM package The Pro Monitor 8 features include 1 You get 784K per disk with quad density 96 tpi double sided Tandon 100 4 or equivalent drives A hoe on use any combination of Ta
187. sted 125 00 E Z PROMMER EPROM PROGRAMMER FOR THE BIG BOARD AND XEROX 820 FEATURES e Supports 2716 2732 2732A 2764 27128 27252 Easily installed with only two connections e No external supply needed all power derived from 5 Volts e All power controlled by software e Extensive MENU driven soft ware to Read Program Save Load Verify CRC check Dump Erase check complete with source code e Over one year of troublefree use EZPROMMER A amp T w Harness Disk 125 Kit with Disk APL CHARACTER GENERATOR FOR XEROX 820 II Upgrade kit allows the 820 II to display all the standard charac ters and attributes while permit ting the display of all APL char acters Kit includes ROM and software APL UPGRADE KIT 49 95 NY RES ADD LOCAL TAX POSTAGE AND HANDLING 2 00 VISA MC CHECK or COD 716 377 0369 T OPTRONICS TECHNOLOGY P O BOX 81 PITTSFORD NY 14534 continued from page 3 Dear Editor Turbo Pascal is great As an old en gineer who has written programs mostly in BASIC it is refreshing to be able to write programs that can grow and not become MONSTERS It s fast even at 2 5MHz Not like some Sick BASICs I ve known P S To hell with BYTE I did let that subscription expire Keep up the good work and maintain your integrity It s nice to have a magazine that s more than a mouth full of marshmallows Tarno Coleman 1293 31st Ct NW Salem
188. t knows it has reached the end of the file The other is to use say the zeroth record in the file to indicate how many records there are in the file and then keep track of where you are with a separate pointer variable When your pointer equals the filesize variable you know you ve reached the end of the file This second method was my ap proach To organize things all reading from the file should be done from one procedure that also increments the file pointer Unfortunately such a proce dure must read global variables and must be written specifically for the file variables in this file Such a procedure is not portable and so is not universal tool for handling files It s a method for cop ing Now that I ve seen that quicksort works in SBASIC I should have the final kinks worked out of my file sorting rou tine I would appreciate hearing from anyone who has solutions to some of my problems Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 61 BIG BOARD I USERS SYSTEM MODIFIER PROGRAM 29 95 Manual only 3 Allows easier system modifications by not involving the system tracks Provides screen dumps and time display on demand through escape commands Automatically runs any program on a cold boot Includes both serial and parallel I O drivers Fully implements the IOBYTE Ia all in a single program that loads into high memory and extends the PFM monitor Includes menu driven configuration program SWITCHING PO
189. talize on the next wave of the software revolution which promises to surge as high as Spreadsheet Processing E lect ro n ICS Available for Kaypro computers Special introductory offer 147 Send now for your free copy of The KAMAS Re Route 1 Box8 Randolph MN 55065 fas COMPUSOPHIC Dept 111 e 2525 SW 224th Ave 507 645 7997 N72 SYSTEMS Aloha Oregon 97006 503 649 3765 Credit Card ADD 5 KAMAS is a trademark of Compusophic Systems Kaypro is a trademark of Kaypro Corporation MN add 6 sales tax BIG VOICE KIT NOW FOR XEROX 820 BB amp BBIl 1400 BUILT IN WORDS PLUS LOW COST IC E UNLIMITED PHONETIC SPEECH DISK CONTROLLER CAPABILITY SAVE WEAR AND TEAR ON YOUR DISK DRIVES DATA RATE 3 5 bytes sec typical Be aa RELAL GRACE SENDUGH TOPIT EASILY INSIDE YOUR DISK DRIVE THE 3861 2 bytes word or phoneme CAN BE INSTALLED IN MINUTES YOUR BIG BOARD WILL THEN TURN YOUR DRIVES ON AND PLUGS DIRECTLY ONTO GPIO A OFF AUTOMATICALLY AS THEY ARE NEEDED SMALL SIZE 1 75 X 1 48 X HIGH QUALITY BARE BOARD 0 35 FAST INSTALLATION DIAGRAM 1400 WORDS IN EPROM INCLUDED ZERO CROSSING ELIMINATES ALL SWITCHING NOISE USER ASSY MANUAL W schem TRIAC OUTPUT NO MECHANICAL PARTS SOFTWARE WORD SOURCE DVDT FILTER INCLUDED LOW COST ONLY 8 80 EACH DEMO amp SUPPORT PROGRAMS AD ERY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE SPEECH ON 8 sssd FLOPPY DISK i ade PHENIX SYNTH z S Z E R 70 kit 150 ass d
190. te AC Relay Bell Circuit and Piezo Speaker e 2 AC Outlets One Switched e Color Beige and Chocolate gt 8 with all ports disk DC and timed AC for 150 00 714 734 6006 e 6 Hx 12 Wx 16 D 24 W for 2 Drive Unit La Caja can be supplied fully wired for the Big Board 1137 TOPAZ ST CORONA CA 91720 IN STOCK ORDER PRM Micro C works because it is a central information exchange for What information would you like to see in Micro C the doers in this crazy industry So we encourage you to share your trials and tribulations That way we can invent new wheels rather than redoing the old ones over and over What kind of exciting adventure misadventure are you working on Can amp Mex _ Other Foreign SUBSCRIPTION 1 year 6 issues ES O 16 Bulk D 22 o 30 y N nA ONew O Renewal NE O 22 1st Class Air Mail Air Mail USERS DISKS 8 SSSD CP M CP M 86 DISKS 8 SSSD s KAYPRO DISKS for the I 4 amp 10 5 SSDD s BACK ISSUES 3 s OTHER ITEMS Prices include media package 1st Class postage Air Mail for Other Foreign O Check or money order enclosed Make checks payable to TOTAL US funds only payable on a US bank MICRO CORNUCOPIA ENCLOSED Card No __ Ss O Visa O MasterCard Signature NAME PHONE ADDRESS CITY a ee es SATE 71P MICRO CORNUCOPIA P
191. ter submissions show up in the magazine we pay authors as follows Techtips authors will receive 3 copies of the magazine anda Micro C Authors tee shirt Authors of regular articles will re ceive 3 copies of the magazine 25 00 and the Micro C authors tee shirt There will be one occasionally two special feature article in each issue The author of that article will receive a special edition of the authors tee shirt 5 copies of the magazine and 75 00 We are starting the program with this issue The tee shirts will be sent out as soon as we come up with a design that is suitably incredible or incredibly suit able We are also working on another Micro C tee shirt for all the rest of you good folks See Issue 20 for details The decision on which submissions will be run as articles and which as tech tips will remain as usual with the edi torial department i e blame Eric Computer Trade Press or Free Press There has been a good deal of discus sion lately about the relationship be tween the computer magazines and their advertisers The problem is that some publications think nothing of providing special editorial treatment editorial means anything that is not advertising for regular advertisers while other publi cations religiously separate editorial from advertising The significance to both the consumer and the advertiser is obvious Advertis ers know that a positive mention in an article can be muc
192. teste COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA Ml ppd T add 6 SAREAN ALORS e FOR THE BIG BOARD gt re i e z SANTA ANA CALIFORN state etner or ro j AND XEROX 820 Y l i on 547 4316 9910 LEAWOOD BLVD CALIF RES ADD et SALES TAX A ADD 1 08 EA POSTAGE amp HANDLING ve HOUSTON TEXAS 77099 PLEASE SPECIFY BBI BBII OR XEROX i Es l tel 713 495 6185 RELAY PER DISK DRIVE S S 42 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 EZ Prommer For The BB I and 820 Review By Jay C Jaeckel Over the weekend I installed an eprom burner from Optronics Technolo gy with the hopes of burning some 2764 s for my MORROW MD 11 hard disk system and some 2732 s for the ter minal that a friend of mine did some graphics characters for My board came fully assembled you only save 35 if you put it together yourself but when I add ed power and configured a shunt it did not work A close inspection of the board revealed that one 4040 chip was missing After a trip to the local parts store and 1 85 for the chip I tried the board again No Success A call to the manufacturer can you believe someone was there on Saturday revealed that the cable was not configured correctly A jumper had to be added to connect to J11 on my 820 II board The jumper was shown on the schematic but not included on the cable Perhaps they sent me the big board ver sion The use of EZ PROGRAMMER is very easy as the software is all menu driven and self explanato
193. th software examples and documen tation e plug in adapter and cable for the Kaypro Il and IV Ask about versions for Kaypro 10 or Kaypro 4 84 ONLY 39 95 plus 2 00 shipping amp handling 30 day Money Back Guarantee Send check money orders or inquiries for THE MASTER SWITCH to ZIPPE SYSTEMS 6520 Selma Ave Box 528 Los Angeles California 90028 Kaypro is a trademark of Kaypro Corporation SBASIC Column By Jack Rodenhi For those of you who haven t heard of Murphy s Law or discount its impor tance well I used to think like you do Sorta Failure About three weeks ago I started on this column in earnest I was visiting in earnest at the time I was planning to unveil a program for sorting the files generated by the check writing routine we ve been developing That program was to use the famous quicksort routine devised by C A R Hoare It was to have divided the unsort ed file into sub files sorting them and later merging them into a single sorted file Unfortunately the merge didn t work In fact even the quicksort algo rithm didn t work in SBASIC For about two weeks I worked at the program forsaking the quicksort rou tine I analyzed and re analyzed the merging process compiling and re compiling all to no avail Finally I called Dave Thompson and confessed that I would not be able to provide a working program for this month s column Dave was sympathetic but he al
194. th the collector of Q2 and pin 8 of U77 Also place a 3K resistor across pins 3 and 7 of U77 These mods were suggested by Trevor Marshall in Micro C 11 Making your BB I Wait I stated that it was necessary to replace the monitor EPROM with a 250 ns or faster part That s not exactly true With the aid of a simple wait state generator it Reed 2 8 3 4 is possible to run plain old 450 ns 2716 s at juve Ys Bes at 6 MHz without any problems Figure 3 Circuit to Enable Wait States for Two ROMs amp Instruction Fetches 10 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 is the propagation delay from input to output of U78 and U79 18 ns worst case Using an example consider the case when the system clock is 5 MHz 200 ns period With no wait states under worst case conditions the access time of the EPROM should be less than or equal to 200 1 5 24 18 or 258 ns However by inserting just one wait state we will increase the worst case access time to 458 ns This means with one wait state in serted for EPROM accesses you can eas ily operate a 450 ns device at 5 MHz Now the step by step mods There are two variations The first is for those who are running at 4 or 5 MHz While the second is for those daring souls who attempt 6 MHz 4 or 5 MHz modification 1 All you need for this mod is 2 flip flops There are 2 spare flip flops on the board however they are a good dis tance apart This means long jump
195. the output to pin 12 pin 9 U108 to pin 24 U80 this is the WAIT line pin 9 U108 to pin 12 LS74 on top of U108 and pin 9 LS74 on top of U108 to pin 10 U108 clears WAIT after one cycle The above mods will cause one wait state to be inserted for every EPROM ac cess both Op code and normal read fetches This allows a 450 ns EPROM to be run at up to 5 MHz If you re having troubles with your Dynamic RAM ac cesses you can insert a wait state for ev ery M1 access by ANDing the M1 line with the EPROM select line and use this as input to pin 12 U108 This should give slow Dynamic RAMs enough time to run pretty fast You will lose a little perform ance but you will save yourself the cost of a whole new set of RAM _ 6 MHz operation If your system is running 6 MHz you will have to insert two wait states in ev ery EPROM access in order to get 450 ns devices to work Inserting two wait states is not much more difficult than in serting one 1 First perform all mods as above except for the last jumper 2 Add the following jumpers pin 3 LS74 on top of U108 to pin 11 U108 the clock line pin 9 LS74 on top of U108 to pin 2 LS74 on top of U108 pins 1 and 4 LS74 on top of U108 to 5 tie SET and RESET hi and pin 5 LS74 on top of U108 to pin 10 U108 I can personally verify that this mod works inserting 2 wait states to run a 450 ns EPROM at 6 MHz and I can see no reason why the single wait mod won t wor
196. the Host portion of the Shugart Associates Systems Interface Adding a Winchester disk drive is no harder than attaching a floppy disk drive A user simply 1 runs a fifty conductor ribbon cable from a header on the board to a Xebec controller that costs only 295 and implements the controller portion of the SASI interface 2 cables the controller to a Seagate Technology ST 506 hard disk or one compatible with it and 3 provides power for the controller card and drive Since our CBIOS contains code for communicating with hard disks that s alla user has to do to add a Winchester to a system E Two Synchronous Asynchronous Serial Ports With a Z80 A SIO O and a Z80 A CTC as a baud rate generator the new Ferguson computer has two full RS232 C ports It autobauds on both A Parallel Keyboard Port Four Other Parallel Ports for User 1 O The new Cal Tex single board computer has one parallel port for an ASCII keyboard and four others for user defined I O E Two Z80 A CTCs Eight Programmable Counters Timers The new Ferguson computer has two Z80 A CTCs One is used to clock data into and out of the Z80 A SIO O while the other is for systems and applications use E PROM Programming Circuitry The new Cal Tex SBC has circuitry for programming 2716s 2732 A s or pin compatible EEPROMs E CP M 2 2 CP M with Russell Smith s CBIOS for the new Cal Tex computer is available for 150 The CBIOS is available separately for 25 C
197. the other day I do realize that all of you at Micro C must find calls like mine the last word in frustration I also realize that you are not in any way obligated to pro vide this service The only excuse that I and others like me can present in defense of our selfish demand on your time is that you are about the only source of good usable in formation around when it comes to some problems The fifteen minutes that I spent on the telephone with you gave me enough information to eventually find and rectify the problem with my Kaypro The two and a half hours that I spent on the phone talking to Kaypro and my dealer yielded nothing but an immense headache The only way that I can repay you for this invaluable assistance is to patronize your magazine in every way that is avail able to me by subscribing and purchas ing your disks and ROM s I hope that this helps to compensate you in some small way for the massive demand on your time that phone calls represent Any policy that you are forced to adopt concerning calls would be com pletely understandable But I for one am truly grateful for the assistance that you have provided me Joe Fitzpatrick 1539 N Bronson 18 Hollywood CA 90028 Dear Editor A speedup swap of CPU s gave these results An SGS Z80A would not run at 2 5MHz with cover on An SGS Z80B would run at 4MHz but not at 5 with the cover on I even installed the Q1 speed up circuit with little improvement
198. the screen is only updated when the time changes once a second Note that ZCPRX also uses this location for its time on off commands Along with the real time clock a cal endar has been incorporated into the monitor This is a fully functioning 12 month calendar however it does not check for leap years In order to have a functioning calendar the real time clock must also be active ZCPRX As part of the new system I have modified ZCPR to take advantage of the new date and time features of the moni tor In order to do this however I had to remove something I have discovered over the last year that having over 70 files on a disk makes viewing IMPOSSIBLE using the CCP ZCPR DIR command Consequently I removed DIR andI use D COM which is a version of the SD series of directory programs floating around in public do main The file D COM which is included on the disk is a 2K program which displays a nice sorted directory with file size used space and remaining space all shown It is very nice I have it on all my disks Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 35 4Mhz For The 820 I By Jim Mayhugh The XEROX 820 I has recently be come available from a wide range of sources at a price quite attractive to any one interested in building a reasonably priced computer The 820 board is a sec ond cousin to the original big board and will run most if not all of the software available for the BB I However
199. to connect between the board point B and these two wires forming a single junc tion Solder sparingly and tape tightly Using one of the remaining free leads connect a wire from it to the board point A Tape the other spare lead to prevent accidental shorting With the new monitor on user disk B23 you can now adjust the start and delay until stop times of your 8 inch drives Now us 8 inch users can have computing just as quiet as the 5 inch users More Notes on B23 A 16 bit timer is now available in the monitor work area Using the first part of the real time CTC CTC 2 registers a 16 bit counter is updated every 10 75 milliseconds This can be used for pro gram timing or other applications The 16 bit timer is named TIKCNT in the Xe rox monitor which is located at FF57 and FF58 in memory Using the capabilities of the Z80 CTC chip a real time clock has been incor porated into the monitor Although not very accurate itis adequate for most sys tems for a period of a day accuracy de pends on your crystal a crystal running exactly 2 5 MHz gains one second every 4 hours 20 minutes and 25 seconds Another feature of the new monitor is an optional screen display of time On cold boot the clock status flag CLKSTA located at FFD7 is set to zero which dis ables screen display By changing CLK STA to a non zero value the upper right line on the CRT will display the time This takes very little processor time as
200. to know how to use PIP and SAVE it s not for you It s aimed at the serious machine language pro grammer who wants to write assembly language programs to run under CP M If you d like an enthusiastic second opin ion this book is also reviewed in the De cember 83 issue of Byte p598 Mastering CP M By Alan R Miller Sybex Inc 1983 400 pages Bae 44 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 EE CALL WREN E E DISKS Dysan Verbatim 5 SSDD 3 40 5 4 SSDD 2 70 5 DSDD 4 45 5 DSDD 3 75 5 SS4D 4 85 5 SS4D 3 50 5 DS4D 5 40 5 DS4D 4 75 8 SSSD 3 85 8 SSSD 3 10 8 SSDD 4 85 8 SSDD 3 40 8 DSDD 5 40 8 DSDD 3 80 Disk Mailers 10 for 5 00 100 for 40 00 SS PRINTERS OKI 82A S amp P 8 5Carr 120CPS 325 8 A S amp P 13 6Carr 120CPS 575 84 P P 13 6 Carr 200 CPS 975 845 S 13 6 Carr 200 CPS 1065 92 P P 8 5 Carr 160 CPS 440 92S S 8 5 Carr 160 CPS 530 BP P 13 2 Carr 160 CPS 715 BS S 13 2 Carr 160 CPS 900 2350 P 13 6 Carr 350 CPS 1975 2350 S 13 6 Carr 350 CPS 2025 E DRIVES Tandon 848 1 8 SSDD 325 Tandon 848 2 8 DSDD 375 Tandon 100 1 5 4 SSDD 175 Tandon 100 2 5 4 DSDD 238 E 513 931 7160 O WREN Cincinnati Ohio 45231 BB II USERS COLOR GRAPHICS FOR THE STD BUS JUST LOOK AT THESE FEATURES Minimum Order 30 00 OUTPUTS RGB AND OR COMPOSITE VIDEO USES TEXAS INST TMS9928 OR TMS9128 MUST USE TMS9128 FOR COMPOSITE 16K LOW COST VIDEO RAM 15 UNIQUE
201. ud rate parity bits per char acter and stop bits as you enter Select 0 for 300 baud or 2 for 1200 baud depend ing on the type of modem you have and then 0 s for all the rest of the questions i e 8 bits per character no parity one stop bit Then to get into the terminal mode enter T cr jenter terminal mode Assuming you have the modem con nected to your computer but not con nected to the phone line you will dial the bulletin board system on a regular phone then when you hear the answer ing tone after a couple of rings switch the modem into the phone line most modems have a built in switch and then hang up the phone The order is impor tant here Now you should hit your carriage re turn cr key about twice a second until the bulletin board signs onto your screen Its first question will be how many nulls Answer 0 Its next ques tion may be whether you can handle lower case some older systems can t Say y Most remote systems are RBBS s so you will have a chance to view or leave messages Also you will usually be al lowed to exit to CP M It is in CP M mode that you can transfer files When you arrive in CP M you will see AO gt Where A is the drive and the 0 is the user area To change to a different user area or drive you enter AQDUSER 1 lt cer gt select user area 1 Al gt or AODUSER 7 lt er gt 3 select user area 7 AT gt or ATOB lt er gt 3 se
202. umentation forthcoming Also there is the matter of the new version of the monitor ROM that is mentioned in Micro C occasionally Cal Tex says the new version is still under test and cannot be released I understand the monitor ROM cursor fix works why not release that along with instructions on installation As a customer of Cal Tex I an not sure what I can expect but BB II as a product deserves better treatment than this I would like to thank Micro C and all contributors as I have used you in substi tute for much of the documentation that could have come from Cal Tex Michael P Parvin 5200 SW 3rd Court Plantation FL 33317 Editor s note Try contacting Jim Ferguson at Ferguson Engineering for information on the BB II Jim bless his soul is providing what support he can for the system he advertises in Micro C under the name Ferguson Engineering Dear Editor I am looking for a book or books that explain the complete inner workings of a microcomputer in nontechnical lan guage I would like to find a book that explains byte by byte what occurs from the moment the computer is turned on through common operations and until it is turned off I know this might be a tall order and such a book may not exist Let me know if you know of such a book or if you would be interested writ ing a fairly short under 50 pages theory of operation for a reasonable fee What is reasonable that is the question let me k
203. uter whether an action did or didn t work in a previous situa tion Big deal What they really need to work on is anticipatory logic You know the com puter figures out what the human needs to know before the human asks Then once the human has the answer all he needs to do is figure out what his ques tion must have been Just think people could sit around dreaming up the ulti mate question knowing that they al ready had the answer But seriously there are a lot of people satisfied letting computers cling to their classic roles such as word processing what I m doing as I write this data base manipulation calculating accounting and software development And a lot of you are wondering what great new thing someone will come up with for comput ers to do and we all know that whoever comes up with the idea will probably be come immensely famous and even more immensly rich So why not come up with the ideas yourself Look closely at the computer s standard input from the outside world it s a crumby keyboard Look at how a computer talks back it s a large irritat ing cathode ray tube or a pin head print er And everyone s falling over everyone else trying to come out with the next fad color for a video tube What other possibilities are there for communication My gosh there are more possibilities than there are com puters Why just look at all the ways people communicate and they don t even
204. uts 5v 4A 12 v 0 2A 24v 1 2 A 24v 0 2A 15v 2 6 A 14x4x3 10 Ibs New REGULATED POWER SUPPLY ARKON ENGINEERING PO Box 60 Rome NY 13440 315 336 4381 or 339 2232 evenings TERMS Prepaid or UPS COD CASH OR CERTIFIED CHECKS ONLY Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 The following folks are reaching you for only 20 cents per word If you would like to reach the same audience send your words and 20 cents for each to Mi cro Cornucopia Full size photo copy of bare Big Board I both sides Invaluable for finding traces under ICs Send 1 00 to Carl Jones 459 Alexandra Way Grass Valley CA 95945 NEW SOFTWARE A 100 question quiz to tune up your Z80 assembly language know how Use it asa fast review a seri ous study or as a game Makes learning easy Self prompting Choice answer questions Keeps track of your score On 8 SSSD disk Runs on Z80 64K CP M 2 2 computers 49 95 USA amp Canada money orders in US funds only ZQUIZ PO Box 3775 Stn B Winnipeg Manitoba Canada R2W 3R6 Z80 MICRO CONTROLLER with par allel I O ports Can start XYZ motors and stop them at desired encoder position settings via keypad commands An in troduction to automation Schematics parts list X Y grid wiring lists and soft ware monitor in ROM 85 00 Source and doc on 8 SSSD disk for further soft ware customizing via your Z80 64K CP M 2 2 computer 65 00 Do it yourself USA and Canada m
205. which describes the above and other items in more detail NILCO ENTERPRISES 10 for 30 00 10 fer 28 00 Add 2 shipping to all orders Illinois residents add 6 sales tax Mastercard Visa CP Misa trademark of Digital Research Inc P O BOX 395 e NAUVOO ILLINOIS 62354 217 453 2345 25 TRACK BUFFERING ON THE SLICER continued from page 25 error handling itself The disk track and sector of the error are reported and the user is given the option of trying again or aborting HOME Flush Recently I was looking for a reason for the HOME routine in the BIOS Stephen Hope of Lancashire U K sent mea letter with some suggestions He says that CP M 86 uses HOME to tell the BIOS that a possible disk change is about to take place This makes HOME a good place flush the track buffer In his letter Stephen points out that the decisions to flush the track buffer and to invalidate the buffer s contents should be separated The contents can be marked as invalid when a HOME is re quested Then it is not necessary to in validate the contents on each directory write This makes the ERA command significantly faster Figure 1 shows how to imbed these changes into the BIOS Stephen notes that a call to HOME may not be followed by a call to SETTRK He has puta call SETTRK in HOME The actual seek is done by READ or WRITE so the SETTRK call will not slow things down Thus it does not hurt to have a call to SETTRK
206. zingy new idea there are ten other companies also working on the same thing Being first in the market is only an advantage if you can ship prod uct and it s good product If you can t ship product for a while it makes it a lot easier for others to get into the market In fact your advertising might actually give your competition its ideas Look at Smartkey there are dozens of folks now doing variations on this important theme JRT Pascal is a classic example of what happens when you advertise a product long before it is ready You stay afloat on the early orders by cashing them right away but you are actually just digging a deeper and deeper hole Keep the early chapters of your company s books clean so you don t wind up skipping to chap ter 11 Micro Cornucopia Number 19 August 1984 53 SWP s CO POWER 88S makes Z80 CP M see cot IBM PC compatible CO POWER 88 is a 16 bit 8088 coprocessor for Z80 CP M computers Both versions of CO POWER 88 128k and 256k RAM include both MSDOS and RAM drive soft gt ware complete with MSDOS IBM PC compatibility rrr 292954 2 CESS Eken 799 PPETI Eit ik 1 d s FY ides 02338sy 52 Osan j xi saaat Dae ii iek i 22 ene i Simple commands move system control Pures n EOE a between the Z80 and 8088 processor CO at eee wm peaa POVWER 88 s RAM can be used in CP M as a HENE ih RAM drive Cur

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