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9100 Series Operator`s Manual

1. Expansion Option 9 2 waveform is complete The expanded memory options supports longer waveforms by increasing the number of waveform segments that can be linked from 682 in the standard 9100 to 2048 file directory capacity is also increased to 1024 entries The AFG stores a description of the linked waveform in its control memory The memory expansion option includes the ability to learn and recall the control memory image of desired waveforms Recalling a control memory image eliminates the need to re enter the linked sequence description of a waveform in order to generate it The use of control memory images requires that all the waveform segments used in the original linked sequence describing the waveform be present in the high speed memory The operation of the 9100 or MM2 Memory Expansion option is in general completely transparent to the user Waveforms be stored selected and generated using the same operations described in the earlier sections of this manual covering the standard AFG configuration The existence of the memory expansion option can be verified on the 9100 CP Hand held Control Panel or via the EASYWAVE waveform creation software The procedure applies to the hand held control panel a Press the FUNC button b Press the PAGE button LCD display should include the lines CTRL MEM IMAGE gt and OPTIONS gt c Select OPTIONS by press
2. 9109 7 signal If is desirable to terminate the flat cable with 100 Q 110 Q preferred resistors to ground in order to be able to drive larger capacitive loads or to increase fanout the back terminations inside the 9109 should be removed 75 0 resistors U23 U24 025 on the 9100 22 Board may replaced with 0 jumpers The TTL high state in this mode will be greater than 2 4 V guaranteed and will typically reach around 3 5 V With this configuration drive capability is greatly increased risetimes are optimized and noise immunity is increased Use of FAST logic at the receiving end would be advantageous There are two reasons that the 9109 is not delivered with this output configuration First the outputs are not protected in this method the 75 internal back terminations provide a high degree of protection against shorting and Electro Static Discharge Secondly when the outputs are not terminated with 100 reflections will be generated which exceed the normal TTL supply voltages These may detrimentally affect the TTL output drivers 9109 TTL DISTRIBUTION 9109 RECEIVE SIOE IOHI25 DISTRIBUTION 75 CABLE LOGIC GATE SOURCE TERMINATED 9109 RECEIVE SIDE loHI2s LOGIC GATE el LOAD TERMINATED po SOCKETED 75 OWM RESISTORS REPLACED WITH 2 OHM JUMPERS 8 1001 09 Figure 7 1 7 7 7 Model 9109 7 8 ECL Termination and Interconnection The 9
3. Figure 3 5 3 23 3 3 Operations RECURRENT MODE OPERATION A free running auto triggered mode The end of one cycle of the programmed waveform synchronously triggers the next cycle In this mode a programmable trigger delay separates the cycles By changing the trigger delay the rep rate can be varied independent of the clock rate thus keeping the shape constant Note that the trigger delay time includes the auto arm interval All timing outputs are available in this mode CH 1 OUTPUT TRIGGER DELAY t rae nea dud P nuo ind rum d m SYNC OUTPUT ime 5690646 ad STARTOUTPUT MARKER OUTPUT Figure 3 6 3 24 Operations 3 GATED MODE OPERATION Program waveform to output continuously while the gate is active After gate becomes inactive the current cycle of the wave form is completed and the trigger is ready to be re armed Typically the trigger delay should be set to minimum but is pro grammable for additional flexibility CH 1 OUTPUT WANING FORTRIGGER HOLD FIRST POINT gt i vA idis RIGGER COMPLETES LAST CYCLE AFTER DELAY USUALLY MINIMUM GATE FALSE GATE INPUT SYNC OUTPUT START OUTPUT MARKER OUTPUT MARKER DELAY Figure 3 7 3 25 3 26 3 Operations 9100 SINGLE MODE TIMING WAIT FOR TRIGGER RE ARM TIME SINGLE s 10
4. LeCroy EASYWAVE 9109 AFG 19 14 55 Sequence editing page 1 ABORT SETUP PSKB SET LOAD PSK8 1 J LINK PSK1 1 J FIFO MODE ON FIFO_SOURCE INTERNAL FIFO_CLEAR FIFO_LOAD 1 1 FIFO_LOAD 1 2 3 4 9 6 8 9 1 2 2 LOAD 1 1 gt FIFO_LOAD 8 1 14 END End of Sequence e 2 5 Sequence edit Clear edit Insert delete Line all lines 14 The sequence file performs several functions First it calls the settings file to setup all the AFG control settings It loads the two waveform segments PSKO WAV and which have the link index 0 and 1 respectively NOTE The LOAD and LINK commands MUST precede the FIFO load operations This is required because the LOAD command includes an implicit ABORT operation which will clear the FIFO contents The next series of commands in the sequence file setup the FIFO operating mode and pre load it with 6 jump instructions The GO command starts the generation of the waveforms producing a 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 encoded data pattern Using The External Real Time Port The external real time port permits waveform selection at rates up to 2 77 MHz The following example uses the waveform segments from the previous example but selection 15 controlled by the external Real Time Port The following sequence file was created in the EASYWAVE sequence editor ABORT SETUP PSKO SET LOAD PSK0 WAV l LI
5. STARTING AND STOPPING THE WAVEFORM AUTOMATING THE SETUP AND LOADING OF WAVEFORMS have no effect in SLAVE mode are CRAT CPER MDEL DMOD To use two 9100s in master slave operation do the following 1 Set one of the 9100 s to clock mode slave and connect a cable from the master s CLOCK OUT 2 to slave s CLOCK IN EXT 2 LOAD and LINK the desired waveforms on both 9100s 3 Issue GO to the slave 4 Issue GO to the master NOTE Steps 3 and 4 must be done in order Any time the master aborts waveform generation whether because of an ABORT command or because of a change of trigger settings etc both master and slave must be aborted and GO s issued in the proper order Failure to issue GO to the slave first while the master is still stopped will result in loss of synchronization The START SYNC and MARKER outputs of the master unit may be used those of the slave unit are disabled Selection of the clock operating mode is accomplished with the following command CLOCK_MODE lt master or slave After loading an arbitrary waveform or invoking a standard waveform the waveform is always initiated by giving the GO command GO waveform may be stopped by giving the ABORT command ABORT When the waveform is aborted all outputs are stopped and the Channel 1 and Channel 2 output relays are opened Any valid sequence of 9100 commands with the exception of file transfer commands or commands that re
6. 5 71 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function SINE MODE SMOD Select single or dual channel sine wave generation This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT SINE MODE arg SMOD arg SINE MODE SMOD VALID ARGUMENTS SINGLE SING DUAL DEFAULT Power up SINGLE o EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SMOD SING Select single channel output for standard function sine wave SMOD Would return either SINGLE or SING or DUAL reflecting the current setting NOTES lf the 9100 is already generating a standard SINE wave output continues in the new mode 5 72 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function SINE FREQUENCY SIFR Sets the frequency of the sine wave generated by the SINE standard function This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT SINE FREQUENCY arg1 arg2 SIFR argl arg2 SINE FREQUENCY SIFR VALID ARGUMENTS argi number representing frequency in Hz from 0 010 to 25 0E 6 or INC or DEC arg2 Optional Relative If this argument is omitted arg1 becomes the sine wave frequency DEFAULT Power up 1 MHz EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SIFR 10MHZ Sets sine frequency to 10 MHz If a standard function sine wave is being output this takes effect immediately SIFR Returns the current setting NOTES If the 9100 is already generating a standard SINE wave output continues at the new frequency 5 73
7. Message Terminator An END message must be sent to terminate the message string An END message may take one Command Format Command Parameters Operating Over the GPIB 5 of two forms It may be the EOI bus line asserted true with the last data byte character or it can be a Trailer End Of String character along with the EOI The generator will always accept the byte sent with EOI Trailer must be semicolon if used Program commands consist of a Header which in most cases is followed by parameters arguments and or data as in waveform files Headers may take either of two forms Long Form or Short Form Long Form Headers are alpha characters and may be more than one word with underscores separating them For example CLOCK SOURCE CH1 AMPLITUDE Long Form Headers are useful if it is desirable to keep the source program as near to English language as possible Short Form Headers are three or four letter acronyms for the Long Form Commands For example CSOU for CLOCK SOURCE C1A for CH1 AMPLITUDE Some Headers qualify as either Long or Short Form They are Headers which are not more than four letters long For example GO STOP ARM Either Long or Short Form Headers will be accepted by the generator and they may be inter mixed Command Parameters arguments can be letters words numbers or a combination of those For example LOAD ANYWAVE WAV 1000 LOAD is the header while ANYW
8. cannot find necessary waveform files it will display the message LOAD LINK DO NOT MATCH WAVE FILES This message indicates that one or more of the waveform files contained in the original linked sequence have been deleted If this occurs it is best to re enter the waveform linked sequence using the hand held terminal or by running a sequence Generate the waveform described by the control memory image by issuing the GO command either from the held control panel via the remote command or using EASYWAVE A CMI file can be deleted using the remote command DELETE via either GPIB or RS 232 For example DELETE CMI56 CMI These files can also be deleted using the hand held control panel as is illustrated below Press the FUNC key 9 5 9 9100 MMI 2 Press PAGE key this will show following menu CTRL MEM IMAGE OPTIONS Press the F1 key to display the directory of CMI files similar to the example shown below CMI27 CMI CMI28 CMI CMI30 CMI CMI31 CMI Select the CMI file you wish to delete by pressing the function key corresponding to the line number of the desired file For instance pressing will select CMI30 CMI The selected file will be indicated by an sign next to the filename on the hand held control panel display Press the SHIFT key then press the DELETE key The AFG will confirm your request by displaying the message ARE YOU SURE YES e Press
9. 3 29 Starting and Stopping the Waveform 3 30 TABLE OF CONTENTS Automating the Setup and Loading of Waveforms 3 30 4 Operating Instructions Control Panel Operation 4 1 Basic Description 4 1 4 5 Understanding 9100 Menus 4 11 Entry Changes 4 19 Controlling the Arbitrary Function Generator with the 9100 CP 4 22 Selecting an Arbitrary Waveform 4 23 Selecting a Standard Waveform 4 25 Selecting Attributes of Standard Sine 4 26 Selecting Attributes of Standard Square 4 27 Selecting Attributes of Standard Triangle 4 28 Selecting Attributes of Standard Ramp 4 28 Selecting Attributes of Standard Pulse 4 29 Selecting Attributes of Standard DC 4 30 Channel 1 Waveform Attributes 4 80 Channel 2 Waveform Attributes 4 33 Controlling Timebase 4 33 Trigger Control 4 37 Arming and Firing Trigger 4 40 Working with Setup Files 4 40 Working with Sequence Files 4 42 Loading and Linking Waveforms 4 43 Executing Waveforms 4 45 Aborting Waveforms 4 45 Accessing the State of the AFG 4 45 5 Operating over the GPIB General Introduction 5 1 Remote Mode 5 1 Local Mode 5 1 Addressing 5 1 Messages 5 2 Device Dependent Messages 5 2 Message Input Format 5 2 Command Format 5 8 Command Parameters 5 8 General Rules for Commands 5 4 IEEE 488 Standard Messages 5 5 Receiving the Device Clear Message 5 5 o Receiving the Trigger Message 5 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Receiving the Remote Message 5 5 Recei
10. CLOCK threshold to 2 V REAR PANEL CONTROL Applies only to external input NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain strings 9 99 5 Operating Over the GPIB Time Base Command CLOCK MODE CMOD CLOCK MODE SLAVE is used to synchronize one 9100 Series AFG to another The unit placed in SLAVE mode uses the signal on the CLOCK IN EXT rear panel BNC connector as its clock This signal is assumed to come from the CLOCK OUT 2 rear panel BNC connector of another 9100 which is in CLOCK MODE MASTER NOTE CLOCK OUT 1 provides continuous output at the timebase frequency Only CLOCK QUT 2 is suitable for MASTER SLAVE operation Upon entering slave mode CLOCK SOURCE defaults to EXTERNAL CLOCK SLOPE defaults to positive and CLOCK LEVEL defaults to 200 mV The previous settings are restored upon receipt of a CLOCK MODE MASTER command While in slave mode the CLOCK SOURCE and CLOCK SLOPE cannot be changed CLOCK LEVEL can be changed Also while a unit is in slave mode MODE settings have no effect The trigger delay is controlled by the absence of clock pulses from the master 9100 Trigger settings entered while in SLAVE mode will correctly take effect when the clock mode is changed to MASTER Other commands that have no effect in SLAVE mode are CRAT CPER MDEL DMOD Please see Synchronizing with another 9100 Series AFG in Chapter 3 for more information FORMAT MODE VALID ARGUMENTS MAS
11. DCMD SING Select single channel output for standard function DC level DCMD Would return either SINGLE or SING or DUAL reflecting the current setting 5 Operating Over the QUERY TYPE Informational COMMANDS i o r File Handling also Query Type Command ACTIVE FILES AFIL This command is a query command which causes the names of all the currently active files to be returned over the GPIB These would include the active SETUP file SEQUENCE file and all the WAVEFORM WAV files currently active in the high speed memory These messages are sent in an ASCII format string As in the directory listing the names of active files are preceded FORMAT ACTIVE FILES AFIL EXAMPLES COMMAND COMMENTS ACTIVE FILES Returns to controller the names AFIL of all active files in the LeCroy 9100 e NOTE If there is a series of files linked it will return their names also NOTES The same formatted string as seen on 9100 CP is returned is variable length with CRLF each 16 bytes Unused lines are padded with spaces It is terminated with the semicolon and is suitable for direct viewing 5 98 Standard Function Operating Over the GPIB 5 FUNCTION FUNC This command is a query which causes the LeCroy 9100 to r
12. TRIANGLE C1_START gt MORE lt RAMP gt S C2 REL SPSQR S LESS 5805 the Frequency of an Executed Square Wave Figure 4 41 As stated on the previous page active setup and sequence files can be identified by pressing SHIFT and then ACTIVE Another approach is to press FUNC and then F3 to list setup files stored in memory An asterisk is to the left of any setup file that is active FUNC and F4 will identify active sequence files Keep in mind however that waveforms may be executed without selecting a setup file If such a waveform has been loaded and the GO key is pressed the Model 9100 will execute the waveform based on current setup conditions In that instance or to identify the details of a named setup file pressing the VIEW key will lead you to a 17 page menu that will identify current setup conditions Pressing the VIEW key will cause the 9100 CP screen to display the first page of a multiple page information menu that shows the current value of all settings Moving from one page to another through the 17 VIEW pages is accomplished by using the PAGE and BACK keys Pressing SHIFT and then STB will result in the 9100 displaying a three line informational menu as shown in Figure 4 42 4 47 4 Control Panel Operation STATUS BYTE 1 BIT 76543210 STB 01000000 MASK 00000000 Main Status Byte Condition Listing Figure 4 42 Where each of the bits in the STB line with the
13. to delete the selected file or F4 to abort the delete operation Reviewing The Contents Of A CMI File The contents of the control memory image can be viewed restoring it in the AFG as described earlier and then viewing the linked sequence using EASYWAVE as follows Starting at the EASYWAVE System Menu Press the F key to select File transfer mode Press the M key for More to see the second page of the file transfer menu Press R to read the AFG file directories diR afg At the AFG Directory menu select Load link by pressing the L key EASYWAVE will list the linked sequence corresponding to the active control memory image similar to the example below A WAV IW B WAV 3 C WAV 1 1 The contents of a restored CMI file can also be reviewed 9100 CP in the following manner 9 6 9100 MM MM2 9 a Press the FUNC button b Press the button ARBITRARY c Press the F3 button CTRL MEM DIR This will bring up a directory of the currently active linked sequence the first line of the display will be SEGMENTS WAV if single channel wave segments are active or WAD if dual channel segments have been LOADed and LINKed The following lines will list the active segments in their linked sequence A sign in the lower right of the display indicates that additional segments are listed on the following pages 9 7 10 9100 RT Introduction This option combines the fast switching capabilit
14. 1 There is no EOI wire RS 232 to mark the end of a logical group of characters such as a command Therefore all commands must end with semicolon File transfers must end with the character sequence defined by COMM RS CONFIG see below 2 If the COMM SOURCE is RS 232 any unmasked event or condition which would cause a Service Request over GPIB causes a BEL character control G binary 7 to be sent over RS 232 This makes most terminals beep The service request character s can be user selected by the command COMM RS SRQ abc where the abc argument represents up to 3 bytes to be sent to signify a service request The query command COMM RS SRQ returns the current equivalent SRQ character s o 3 The 9100 produces a prompt by default AFG gt over RS 232 when it is ready for a command This corresponds to the Operation Complete condition This prompt will first be issued about 20 seconds after powering on the 9100 after self calibration and initialization The prompt may be changed as shown in the example below NOTE The STB and TSTB commands do not generate Operation Complete so as not to change the status information they read out Over RS 232 this means that a new prompt is not generated after the response to STB or TSTB 4 The 9100 will not transfer binary data over RS 232 since it is not possible to do so if seven data bits has been selected Instead of the A binary format us
15. 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function SINE PHASE 5 Sets standard function sinewave Channel 1 starting phase in degrees NOTE If SINE MODE is dual this will effect the starting phase of Channel 2 also see SC2P for more information This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT SINE CH1 PHASE argl arg2 SC1P argl arg2 SINE_CH1_PHASE VALID ARGUMENTS number from 0 to 360 or INC or DEC arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 0 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SC1P 45 The first point in the generated sine wave will be at 45 degrees If a standard function sine wave is being output this takes effect immediately SCiP 10 REL SC1P is increased by 10 degrees SC1P The current setting is returned NOTES If the 9100 is already generating a standard sine wave output continues at the new phase Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function SINE CH2 PHASE SC2P Sets standard function sine wave Channel 2 phase in degrees relative to Channel 1 phase NOTE Channel 2 leads Channel 1 by the number of degrees specified This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT SINE CH2 PHASE 1 2 SC2P 1 2 SINE CH2 PHASE SC2P VALID ARGUMENTS argi number from 0 to 360 arg2 Optional REL EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS DEFAULT Power up 0 SC2P 45 The first point in channel 2
16. COMMENTS RMPP 40 5 l Sets ramp phase to 40 nsec which means the wave begins at the point which is 40 nsec after the lowest value If a standard function ramp is being output this takes effect immediately 10E 9 REL RMPP is increased by 10 nsec RMPP Returns the current setting 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function RAMP RELATIVE PHASE RPRP Sets standard function ramp wave Channel 2 phase in time relative to Channel 1 phase NOTE Channel 2 leads Channel 1 by the time specified This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT RAMP RELATIVE PHASE argl arg2 RPRP 2 RAMP RELATIVE PHASE RPRP VALID ARGUMENTS argl number from 0 to period or INC or DEC 2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 0 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS RPRP 45 5 points in channel 2 s generated ramp wave precede the corresponding points in channel 1 s by 45 nsec If a standard function ramp wave is being output this takes effect immediately RPRP 10ns REL RPRP is increased by 10 nsec RPRP The current setting is returned NOTES If COMM HDR zLONG query responses will be of the form RAMP REL PHASE which will also parse correctly as a command Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function PULSE PUL This command is only available in Standard Function Mode selects PULSE as the current standard function If some other standard fu
17. Main constraints in making linked waveforms 1 Minimum size of each file must be 72 bytes as opposed to 8 for a single file waveform 2 A Maximum of 1 Load 681 sequential Link commands can be used to generate a linked waveform 3 The maximum number for the repetition argument in the load or link is 4095 The LINK command also accepts an additional argument The purpose of this argument is to permit each trigger cause output of different waveform segments The format of the command is LINK 1 arg2 arg3 where optional items are contained in brackets and items to be replaced are in lower case argi filename to link with extension such as A WAD arg2 Number between 1 and 4095 inclusive representing the segment repetition count Default if not present is 1 3 11 3 Operations arg3 WAIT The WAIT argument if present tells the 9100 Series AFG to wait for trigger before executing this segment More precisely it tells the AFG to act as if the entire waveform ended with the segment before this one and this segment is the first one in the next waveform repetition A detailed discussion of the effect of this argument will be found under Specifying the Trigger Mode page 3 15 CONTROL SETTINGS SUMMARY amplitude clock Channel Parameter Settings Timebase Settings Trigger Settings Operations 3 Specifying the 9100 control settings gives the user control over
18. STANDARD This will cause the first of two pages in the Standard Function Sub Menu to be displayed Figure 4 21 4 25 4 Control Panel Operation F1 SINE F2 SQUARE F3 TRIANGLE F4 RAMP Standard Function Submenu First Page Figure 4 21 Where SINE gt F1 selects a submenu from which the attributes of the standard sine function can be selected SQUARE gt F2 selects a submenu from which the attributes of the standard square function can be selected TRIANGLE gt F3 selects a submenu from which the attributes of the standard triangle function can be selected RAMP gt F4 selects a submenu from which the attributes of the standard ramp function can be selected o Press PAGE and the second page of the Standard Function Submenu will be displayed Figure 4 22 F1 PULSE gt F2 DC Standard Function Submenu Second Page Figure 4 22 Where PULSE gt F1 selects a submenu from which the attributes of the standard pulse function can be selected DC gt F2 selects a submenu from which the attributes of the standard DC function can be selected NOTE Once the submenu for a particular standard function has been selected output of that function may be activated by pressing GO Once the function is active any change by the user in the attribute submenu for that function will be immediately reflected in the output of the 9100 4 26 Control
19. s generated sine wave will be 45 degrees ahead of channel 1 s sine wave If a standard function sine wave is being output this takes effect immediately SC2P 10 REL SC2P is increased by 10 degrees SC2P The current setting is returned NOTES If the 9100 is already generating a standard sine wave this command causes the new wave to be calculated and output continues 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function SQUARE SQU This command forces Standard Function Mode It selects square wave as the current standard function If some other standard function was being generated it is aborted After issuing this command issuing GO will cause a square wave to be generated at the current settings FORMAT SQUARE EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SQUARE Select SQUARE as the current standard function QUERY RESPONSES Use FUNCTION to determine the current function 5 76 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function SQUARE MODE SOMD Select single or dual channel square wave generation This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT SQUARE MODE arg SQUARE MODE SOMD VALID ARGUMENTS SINGLE SING DUAL DEFAULT Power up Single EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SOMD SING Select single channel output for standard function square wave SOMD Would return either SINGLE or SING or DUAL reflecting the current setting 5 77 5 Operating Over the GPIB St
20. 2 SUM mode does not preclude the use of EXTERNAL SUM as well 5 53 5 Operating Over the GPIB TIME BASE COMMANDS Time Base Command CLOCK SOURCE CSOU Selects the source of the generator clock either internal or external FORMAT CSOU arg CLOCK SOURCE arg VALID ARGUMENTS The words INTERNAL INT EXTERNAL EXT DEFAULTS Power up INTERNAL EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENT CSOU INTERNAL The generator will use the internal clock source CLOCK SOURCE EXTERNAL The generator derives clock CSOU EXT from the rear panel BNC REAR PANEL CONTROL External Input must be provided NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 54 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Time Base Command CLOCK LEVEL CLEV Sets the threshold detection level for the EXTERNAL CLOCK input The range is 2 5 V with 8 bits resolution If it is desired to increase or decrease the level from its present value the REL argument may be used FORMAT CLOCK LEVEL arg arg2 CLEV argl arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS argi signed number from 0 to 2 5 with an optional units designator In RELATIVE REL mode a signed number from 0 to 5 V with 3 digits resolution arg2 The word RELATIVE REL optional DEFAULTS Power up 42V Unspecified Command sign units V Not RELATIVE EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS CLOCK LEVEL 200mV This sets the EXTERNAL CLOCK threshold to 4200 mV CLEV 2V This sets the EXTERNAL
21. 2 Selecting and combining simple waveform elements 3 Waveforms can be acquired over the GPIB from LeCroy Oscilloscopes and then edited Editing may be accomplished as follows 1 Modifying individual points from the keyboard 2 Modifying the equation describing the waveform 3 Deleting moving and rescaling blocks of data Minimum hardware configuration of host computer 640K RAM 10 Mbyte Hard Disk Graphics CGA HGA or EGA Display Other GPIB Compatible Controllers Waveforms be cre ated and edited on other controllers using user supplied soft ware PC DOS Compatibles The same software package used for waveform editing also can be used for controlling the 9100 Local Control Panel Once the waveforms have been loaded to RAM Disk an optional detachable control panel with a four line LCD display may be used for controlling the 9100 Other GPIB or RS 232 Compatible Controllers Other com puters or terminals may be used to control the instrument using the remote commands GPIB Interface Functions IEEE 488 1978 compatible SH1 AH1 T5 TEO L3 LEO SR1 RL1 PPO DC1 DT1 CO GPIB DMA Rates Typically 2200 kbytes sec RS 232C Implemented as data communications Equipment DCE 2 21 2 Product Description Baud Rates 300 600 1200 2400 4800 and 9600 Data Bits 7 or 8 Stop Bits 1 or 2 Parity None Even or Odd Protocol Full Duplex Xon Xoff DC1 DC3 handshake Data Formats
22. 4 6 Batteries 2 13 Battery Low LED 2 11 Binary Transfer 3 7 BLOCKSIZE 4 49 Block Format A 5 18 Block Format I 5 18 Block Format L 5 19 Blocks 5 18 Burst 3 16 Burst triggered 3 14 INDEX C Cl AMP 4 31 PHASE gt 4 27 C2 REL PH gt 4 27 CALIBRATE 5 37 CHAN 1 4 5 CHAN 2 4 5 AMPLITUDE 5 44 FILTER 5 45 INVERT 5 46 OFFSET 5 47 OUTPUT 5 48 ZERO REF 5 49 CH2 AMPLITUDE 5 44 CH2 FILTER 5 45 9 INVERT 5 46 CH2 OFFSET 5 47 9 OUTPUT 5 48 CH2 ZERO REF 5 49 Channel Parameter Commands 5 16 Channel Parameter Settings 3 11 CLEAR 5 38 CLOCK 4 5 CLOCK IN EXT 2 14 CLOCK IN REF 2 14 CLOCK LEVEL 4 35 CLOCK OUT I 2 14 CLOCK OUT 2 2 14 CLOCK PERIOD 4 34 CLOCK RATE 4 34 CLOCK SRC 4 35 CLOCK_LEVEL 5 53 5 54 CLOCK_PERIOD 5 57 CLOCK_RATE 5 55 CLOCK_REFERENCE 5 58 CLOCK SLOPE 5 56 SOURCE 5 52 Clearing Local Lock Out 5 5 COMM 4 48 COMM FORMAT 5 104 COMM HEADER 5 105 COMM PROMPT 6 6 COMM RS CONF 6 4 COMM RS SRQ 6 7 COMM SOURCE 6 1 Command Format 5 2 Command Parameters 5 3 Communication Commands 5 17 Configuring RS 232C 6 1 Continuous 8 18 8 16 Control Settings 3 11 D DC 5 94 DC Attribute 4 30 DC 4 26 DC MODE 5 95 DELAY MODE F0 4 39 DELAY gt 4 30 DELAY MODE 5 59 DELETE 4 20 DELETE 5 24 Delay Capabilities 4 38 Delimi
23. 6 The GO key on the 9100 CP is used to execute loaded waveforms Control Panel Operation 4 Trigger Main Menu Control Press the TRIG key on the 9100 CP and the first of two trigger main menu screens will come into view Figure 4 34 F1 TRIG MODE F2 DELAY MODE PTS F3 TRIG DELAY gt F4 TRIG ARM SRC First Page of Trigger Main Menu Figure 4 34 Where TRIG MODE gt F1 selects a submenu from which one of the five trigger modes tabulated in Table 4 3 can be selected DELAY MODE F2 selects whether trigger and marker delays are to be specified in POINTS PTS or TIME TIM Note that when the CLOCK SOURCE is EXTERNAL the AFG does not know the clock s period and is unable to calculate how many points is equivalent to how much time Therefore DELAY MODE POINTS should be used when CLOCK SOURCE is EXTERNAL TRIG DELAY gt F3 selects submenu from which the trigger delay may be entered in the selected Delay Mode i e POINTS or TIME TRIG ARM SRC F4 selects a submenu which displays the trigger arm source and where it may be toggled between BUS and AUTO Press PAGE and the second page of the trigger main menu will appear as shown in Figure 4 35 F1 TRIG SOURCE gt F2 TRIG SLOPE POS F3 TRIG LEVEL gt F4 TIME MARKER gt n Second Page of Trigger Main Menu Figure 4 35 TRIG SOURCE gt F1 selects a submenu which displays the curren
24. Current Setting EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRIG_MODE BURST 100 The waveform will not start until it receives a manual or external trigger signal Then it will repeat 100 times and stop TMOD SING After receiving an external or manual trigger signal the waveform runs one time only NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 66 Operating Over the 5 Trigger Command TRIG_SLOPE TSLO Selects which slope of an external trigger signal will be used to start the waveform This command is only used when the TRIG_MODE is SINGLE BURST or GATED FORMAT TRIG_SLOPE arg TSLO arg VALID ARGUMENTS The word POSITIVE POS or the word NEGATIVE NEG DEFAULTS Power up POSITIVE POS EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRIG SLOPE NEGATIVE Causes the waveform to start on TSLO z NEG the negative edge of an external trigger signal FRONT PANEL CONTROL INDICATORS Command only applicable to front panel TRIGGER GATE input NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 Operating Over the GPIB Trigger Command TRIG SOURCE TSOU This command selects the source for the trigger signal The options are MANUAL front panel button or control panel key EXTERNAL an analog signal from the External Trigger input BNC or BUS from either the GPIB or the RS 232 bus Any one all or any combination of these may be active at the same time they are logically OR d
25. GPIB GPIB is the standard implementation of the IEEE 488 1978 standard and the identical ANSI standard MC1 1 The following interface functions have been implemented on the LeCroy 9100 Series Arbitrary Function Generators SH1 AH1 T6 TEO L4 LEO SR1 RL1 PPO DC1 DT1 and Except for the line switch all generator operations are fully programmable over the GPIB In this manual program codes are shown as characters which should be transmitted in ASCII code The generator always powers up in the Local Mode the Local LED in the KEYPAD box should be lit It switches to remote operation the LOCAL LED goes out upon receipt of the remote message The remote message has two parts 1 Remote Enable REN bus control line is set true and 2 Device Listen Address is received once while REN is true In remote the generator can be addressed to talk or listen When addressed to listen it responds to device dependent commands and standard GPIB bus commands device independent commands When addressed to talk the generator can send responses to queries Whether addressed or not the generator responds to the Clear DCL Local Lockout LLO Clear Lockout Set Local GTL and Interface Clear IFC messages In remote only the LOCAL button on the 9100 CP is active all other controls are disabled In remote with lockout all controls including the LOCAL button are disabled In Local the two buttons on the front panel and t
26. LINK D WAV 3 LINK E WAV 2 4 10 Signal generation will begin following a GO command The waveform segments are generated in the order given in the operator entered Link Sequence until a link command with the Jump Flag J set is encountered In this example the first jump is encountered after executing the waveform segment C WAV this point the next waveform to be selected will be determined by the current output of the FIFO memory 2 1 11 VAT HE AVEFORM GENERATED Ee ETE oe E WAV 2 eme LINK INDEX OE REPEAT REAL TIME FIFO CONTENTS a Ji 1 CURRENT FIFO OUTPUT LINKING OPERATION LOAD LINK LINK LINK A WAV B WAV 2 C WAV 1 J E WAV 2 J REAL TIME OPERATION JUMP JUMP nie Si B WAV TIMES M M IME A Y LINK LINK LINK LINK LINK B WAV 2 C WAV 1 J D WAV 1 E WAV 2 J JUMP JUMP JUMP 9100 RT Example The FIFO identifies the next waveform by supplying its link index The FIFO also supplies a repetition count which controls the number of times that the specified jump will be executed As shown in this example after executing C WAV the next waveform segment selected will be E WAV which has a Link 10 3 1 0 9100 RT 9100 RT LOAD And LINK Commands 10 4 Index of 4 E WAV also was linked with its jump flag set so that this process will be continued after it is output After E WAV is output twice because it w
27. SHIFT ACTIVE 4 10 SHIFT COMM 4 10 SHIFT NEXT 4 8 4 9 SHIFT SEQ 4 8 5 STB 4 10 SHIFT TGR 4 8 SINE 5 69 SINE 4 26 SINE PHASE 5 72 SINE CH2 PHASE 5 73 SINE FREQUENCY 5 71 SINE MODE 5 70 Sine Attribute 4 27 Single 3 16 Single triggered 3 13 Single Waveform File 5 22 SOURCE 4 49 Sources 4 38 SQUARE 5 74 SQUARE 4 26 SQUARE FREQUENCY 5 76 SQUARE MODE 5 75 SQUARE PHASE 5 77 SQUARE RELATIVE PHASE 5 78 Square Attribute 4 27 STANDARD 5 68 STATUS 4 10 STATUS key 4 47 STATUS BYTES 5 10 STB 5 107 STOP 5 42 STORE 5 33 STRDELIM 4 49 Standard Function Commands 5 16 Standard Functions 8 3 SUM 4 32 SUM MODE 5 51 Summing 3 26 sequence file 3 28 sequence files 4 42 setup file 4 40 standard waveform 4 25 STB 4 47 T TIME MARKER 4 40 Time Per Point 3 13 Timebase Commands 5 16 Timing Output Signal 3 16 TRAILER 4 48 TRIANGLE 5 79 TRIANGLE 4 26 TRIANGLE_FREQUENCY 5 81 TRIANGLE_MODE 5 80 TRIANGLE_PHASE 5 82 TRIANGLE PHASE 5 83 TRIG 4 5 TRIG ARM SRC gt 4 39 TRIG DELAY gt 4 39 TRIG LEVEL 4 40 TRIG MODE gt 4 39 TRIG SLOPE 4 40 TRIG SOURCE gt 4 39 TRIGGER 5 43 TRIGGER command 5 5 o TRIGGER SOURCE 5 6 TRIGGER DELAY 5 62 TRIGGER LEVEL 5 63 TRIGGER MODE 3 18 5 64 TRIGGER SLOPE 5 65 TRIGGER SOURCE 5 66 Transferring Waveform Data 3 6 Triangle Attribute 4 2
28. To generate the waveform described by a single waveform file simply load it and go by issuing the following commands LOAD filename ext GO Where ext is either WAV or WAD if single or dual channel respectively NOTE The commands shown in this screen are remote commands valid over GPIB or RS 232 functions are also accessible from the 9100 CP Operation with the 9100 CP is covered in Chapter 4 If you are using only simple waveforms composed of single waveform file skip the rest of this section of the operation procedure The procedure for building up more complicated waveforms which utilize the linking and looping capabilities of the 9100 will now be described The waveform data memory length of the 9100 is 64 Kbytes This means that if you are using only a single waveform file the upper limit on a single channel waveform is 64 Kpoints and for a dual channel waveform is 32 Kpoints per channel The 9100 provides a way to effectively generate much longer waveforms if any parts of the waveform are repetitive in nature You may link together waveform files when loading into the waveform memory to define what can be thought of as a waveform program Lets look at an example Suppose you want to generate the waveform shown in Figure 3 2 It consists of several pieces each of which are repeated several times 3 9 3 Operations 1 sine cycle 1 DC section 4 since cyles 2 DC sections 2 Gaussian pulses 6 DC se
29. WAIT is not present is not to wait Only the W is required The presence of an argument in this position not beginning with W generates error code 16 invalid symbol DEFAULT Number of repetitions 1 no wait EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS LINK NEWWAVE WAV 300 Requires LOADED waveform see LOAD 9100 links NEWWAVE WAV at next data point after end of present file contained in high speed memory It also sets up this individual waveform to be repeated 300 times Thus the 5 Operating Over the GPIB composite wave created from LOAD ANYFILE WAV illustrated at LOAD and NEWWAVE WAV repeats the first wave segment 100 times and the second wave segment 300 times for each single repetition of the composite waveform NOTES 1 No query form of this command 2 Minimum size of a wave that will be linked to other waveforms or to have other waveforms linked to it is is 72 bytes This is 72 points of a single waveform or 36 points of a dual waveform 5 30 Operating Over the GPIB 5 m si n nssudedAidu File Handling LOAD Causes a specified waveform to be moved from the storage memory RAM Disk to the high speed memory HSM It is used for both Single and Dual Waveforms The number of times the waveform must be repeated should be specified not to exceed 4 095 If no specification is given
30. arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS arg1 A number from 0 to 10 with units designator mV or V When used with RELATIVE REL command 2 this is a signed number otherwise this is an unsigned number eo arg2 The word RELATIVE REL optional DEFAULTS Power up 1 V unspecified unit defaults to V EXAMPLES COMMAND COMMENTS AMPLITUDE 1V REL These commands increment C1A 1V REL current amplitude 1 V 1 1 IMPORTANT following set of channel parameter commands for the 9100 are applicable to both Channel 1 and Channel 2 For instance to change the amplitude of Channel 1 use or AMPLITUDE Similarly to change the amplitude of Channel 2 use the command 2 or CH2 AMPLITUDE Only the channel number is changed NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings not as a 1 block 5 46 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Channel Parameter Command CH1 FILTER 2 FILTER CIF C2F This command selects one of five CH1 or CH2 Bessel filters The generator will select the filter of the specified frequency or the filter with the nearest wider bandwidth if the frequency does not correspond to the cutoff of an available filter The filter can be disabled by using the OFF argument or by an input of 0 MHz The filter frequencies go from 1 MHz to 100 MHz in a 1 3 sequence 1 MHz 3 MHz 10 MHz 30 MHz 100 MHz FORMAT 1 FILTER arg CIF arg
31. firmware This information is returned as four 16 character lines the first of which is all blank each followed by lt CRLF gt for a total of 72 characters FORMAT IDENTIFY EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS IDENTIFY Returns the information given ID above QUERY RESPONSES The same ASCII string is returned regardless of COMM HEADER setting 5 103 5 Operating Over the GPIB File Handling also Query Type Command MEMORY MEM This command is a query which causes the LeCroy 9100 to return an ASCII string Hence the number is in ASCII decimal notation The meaning of the string depends on the argument used with the command If the argument is HSM for high speed memory or the RAM for RAM Disk the string represents the number of bytes points available in that memory If the CM for control memory argument is used the string represents the number of line entries which are still available one line is used per loaded linked file FORMAT MEMORY arg MEM arg VALID ARGUMENTS HSM high speed memory RAM RAM memory CM control buffer DEFAULTS Unspecified Argument HSM EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS MEMORY CM This command will result MEM CM in representing the number of entries available in the Control Memory An ASCII decimal number of 0 to 682 would be returned QUERY RESPONSES The same ASCII string is returned regardless of COMM HEADER setting 5 104 Operating Over the GPIB 5 A
32. n the file Filename represents the name by which you will refer to the waveform file Next send the file The stream of bytes that you send consists of either a single block of bytes or a series of blocks If the file is being sent in multiple blocks EOI must be asserted only with the last byte of the last block to indicate the end of the file The waveform files may be transferred to the 9100 in either of two block formats binary called format or hex ASCII called L format Each individual block consists of a block Operations 3 preamble a count the number of data bytes in and the number of data values in the ZL case Below are the block formats for the binary and hex ASCII file block transfers In the table each row corresponds to a byte sent over the GPIB to the 9100 3 7 3 Operations FOR BINARY TRANSFER Byte Number Byte Value 1 ASCII 2 ASCII uppercase 3 data byte count most significant byte gt 4 data byte count least significant byte 5 data byte 1 6 data byte 2 7 data byte 3 N 4 data byte N gt with if last block Data byte count is an unsigned integer which in this case equals N It contains the number of bytes being transferred in the block In this binary representation there is 1 data value per byte EOI if sent must be sent with the last byte EOI terminates the file transfer If EOI is not sent the 9100 will accep
33. selects either a single or dual triangle waveform FREQUENCY F2 selects a submenu from which the frequency of the generated triangle wave may be set from 0 010 to 25 0E 6 Hz Units can be Hz kHz or MHz C1 START selects a submenu from which the start time of the waveform may be set The start time is set not in degrees but in time the allowed range is 0 0 to the current PERIOD of the triangle wave C2 REL ST F4 selects a submenu from which the relative start time of CH2 can be set from 0 to PERIOD for a dual wave WHEN RAMP is selected the Standard Function Submenu the Standard Ramp Attribute Submenu is displayed Figure 4 26 F1 MODE SING F2 PERIOD gt F3 C1 START F4 C2 REL ST gt Standard Ramp Attribute Submenu Figure 4 26 Where MODE F1 selects either a single or dual ramp waveform PERIOD gt F2 selects submenu from which the period of the generated ramp wave may be set from 40 0 nsec to 100 0 sec Units can be nsec psec msec sec 1 START gt F3 selects a submenu from which the start time of the waveform may be set The start time is set not in degrees but in time the allowed range is 0 0 to the current PERIOD of the ramp wave C2 REL ST F4 selects a submenu from which the relative start time of CH2 in dual mode can be set to 0 0 to PERIOD 4 29 4 Control Panel Operation Selecting Attributes Of The
34. self test error Calibration errors 170 171 172 173 181 182 NOTE 200 201 202 203 204 205 255 calibration aborted measurement system or signal DAC non functional Your 9100 will be either significantly out of calibration or nonfunctional amplitude not acheivable Not actually a calibration error Using the current calibration constants the requested amplitude cannot be acheived offset not achelvable similar to 171 but for offset Note if offset is set to more than 16 times amplitude this error may result If offset gt 32x amplitude this error will result cal completed with errors something was out of specification Note Thoroughly unreasonable measurements are replaced with default values so as not to hide problems or disable a unit with a bad measurement circult dual waveform of less than 72 points dual waveform not loaded Error numbers greater than 200 are warnings warning default units specifying a value for Hertz Volts or seconds without any extension The base unit ie Hertz Volts or seconds is used For example CRAT 10 gives 10 Hertz clock warning adjusted wave File padded to multiple of 8 bytes to meet restrictions of 9100 hardware Warning signal beyond 5 V Warning no trigger delay control allowed in standard mode pulse Warning no clock control in Standard Function Mode Warning no clock rate control while Clock Source is External unclassif
35. the 9101 does not contain analog hardware for a second channel 2 commands that affect channel 2 including SUM and all standard function single dual mode commands return warning code 210 in status byte 4 but have no other effect 3 On the 9100 CP the CH 2 button generates an error message 4 Because the SUM 142 LED is not present overload on either the external sum input or the channel 1 output cause the 1 LED to flash Change the CH2 OUT connector is not present on a 9101 the CH2 SIGNAL DAC through CH2 OUTPUT path is not present in a 9101 the front panel of the 9101 does not contain a CHAN 2 waveform output BNC 11 2 LED and SUM 142 LED 12 Channels 1 Crosstalk between channels not applicable There is no CHAN 1 2 or CHAN 2 LED The example shown dual channel standard sine cannot be performed on a 9101 Eliminate the commands SINE MODE DUAL and SINE 2 PHASE 20 from the example they only produce a warning The example will produce a single channel 1MHZ sine wave on a 9101 amp Model 9101 3 13 Channel Parameter Settings 4 5 4 10 4 27 4 47 Figure 4 41 5 14 Table 5 2 5 18 Section 3 5 18 5 19 Section 6 3 53 SUM 5 72 SMOD 8 2 The SUM MODE command and all commands starting CH2 only produce a warning in the 9101 Control Panel CHAN 2 has no effect except to produce a warning message on the 9100 CP screen with a
36. the Enter key After the CMI file has been learned the message Learned XXXXXXX CMI will appear If an attempt is made to overwrite an existing named file then EASYWAVE will request confirmation with the prompt X XXXX CMI Already exists in AFG Overwrite old AFG file Y N Confirm replacement by typing Y abort by typing N 9100 MM MM1 MM2 9 Restoring A Control Memory Image Deleting A CMI File The control memory image can be restored using the SEQ and SETUP keys on the hand held control panel or by issuing the SETUP CMIX CMI or SEQ CMIX CMI remote commands via GPIB or RS 232 The following procedure illustrates restoring a control memory image using the hand held control panel Press the FUNC key Press the PAGE key this will show the following menu CTRL MEM IMAGE OPTIONS Press the F1 key to display the directory of CMI files similar to the example shown below CMII CMI CMI2 CMI CMI3 CMI CMI4 CMI Select the desired CMI file by pressing the function key corresponding to the desired file s line number For instance pressing F3 will select CMI3 CMI The selected file will be indicated by an sign next to the filename on the hand held control panel display Restore the control memory image by pressing the SHIFT key followed by either the SETUP or SEQ keys The following message will indicate a successful restoration of the control memory image CMI RESTORED CMI3 CMI If the
37. the generator will default to one This command must be issued at least once before issuing a GO command to execute the waveform FORMAT LOAD 1 arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS 1 Any waveform filename WAV or WAD arg2 The number of repetitions for the waveform DEFAULT Number of repetitions 1 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS LOAD ANYFILE WAV 100 Moves the file named ANYFILE WAV from the RAM memory to the High Speed Memory It also sets up the Control Memory to repeat the waveform 100 times NOTES l No query form of this command 2 Minimum size of a waveform that will have waveforms linked to it is 72 bytes This is 72 points of a single waveform or 36 points of a dual waveform 5 31 5 Operating Over the GPIB File Handling RECALL RCL Causes the generator to send the contents of the specified file The format will depend on the type of file being sent If it is a Waveform file WAV or WAD it will be format A and will always be interleaved when a dual waveform file If it is a Setup or Sequence file the format will be I see the section on file structures FORMAT RECALL arg VALID ARGUMENTS Any valid Setup Sequence or Waveform filename with extension EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS RECALL MYFILE WAD Sends the entire contents of the waveform file named It will be in format A and the data will be interleaved see the File Structure section NOTES
38. the number and then press ENTER When units are added to a number first key in the number Next press SHIFT and then the appropriate units key As soon as the units key is pressed entry is completed and ENTER need not be pressed SHIFT E is used to separate the base from the exponent when numeric entries are made using scientific notation SHIFT CE is used for clearing erroneous entries from the display This key sequence clear the entire display and returns to the entry prompt 4 4 7 4 Control Panel Operation Action Keys LeCroy 9100 qe a im Action Keys Figure 4 6 Cause the generator to take top level action SHIFT TGR issues single shot trigger if enabled LOCAL returns control of the 9100 to the 9100 CP if a local lockout is not in voked via GPIB SHIFT T ARM arms the trigger when the trigger arm source is BUS The default trigger arming mode is automatic In order to have manual control of trigger arming select BUS trigger arm source via the trig ger menu by using the TRIG key GO is pressed to execute a waveform that has been selected and loaded or linked SHIFT ABORT halts waveform genera tion and opens the output relays This does not change the status of any files or attributes LOAD will cause a selected arbitrary waveform to be loaded from RAM disk into the high speed memory from where it can be genera
39. this will show the following menu CTRL MEM IMAGE OPTIONS Pressing the key from this page will display a directory of existing CMI files or a message indicating that no CMI files exist Press the LEARN key A CMI file corresponding to the current linked sequence will be stored in a CMI file format AFG will assign a sequential filename in the form CMIX CMI where X is a numeric index The message LEARNED CMIX CMI will be displayed The numeric index with a maximum value of 1028 is assigned automatically and incremented by each learn operation After 1023 learn operations the index is reset and begins again at 1 In a similar manner issuing the remote command LEARN CMI via RS 232 or GPIB will cause the AFG to learn and store a CMI file with a numerically indexed file name In EASYWAVE the learN cmi menu selection is in the Operate Arbitrary menu in the Operate mode access it Type F4 to get to the System Menu T Type O for Operate then A for Arbitrary generator The Operate Arbitrary menu contains the learN cmi selection Typing N will bring up a directory of existing CMI files from the AFG The prompt Learn cmi file in AFG Name will appear on the menu line Select an existing filename from the AFG CMI directory using the keyboard cursor keys to highlight the desired filename and the Enter key to select it Alternatively a new filename can be added by typing in the filename and pressing
40. word RELATIVE REL optional DEFAULTS Power up 4 Unspecified Command not relative EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TDEL 10 REL Increases the trigger delay in clock cycles points by a count of ten TRIG_DELAY 10 REL NOTES 1 In RECURRENT the minimum delay is 16 clock cycles 2 The valid arguments listed above assume that DELAY_MODE is POINTS For DELAY MODE TIME the range of valid arguments is dependent upon the CLOCK RATE and extends from 20 nsec to 10 000 000 sec 3 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 64 Operating Over the GPIB 5 TRIG LEVEL TLEV Sets the threshold voltage level for an external trigger signal where the trigger will cause the waveform to start It is settable in the range from 2 5 V with three digits of resolution If the optional RELATIVE REL argument is used the value expressed in argi becomes the value for increasing the present level FORMAT LEVEL arg1 arg2 TLEV arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS argi signed number in the range 2 5 with up to three digits of resolution and an optional units designator mV or V In RELATIVE REL Mode can be a signed number 5 V arg2 word RELATIVE REL optional DEFAULTS Power up 42V Unspecified Command Sign plus Units Volts V EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRIG LEVEL 1 05 Sets the trigger level t
41. 1 the Local State if the REN 5 6 SENDING MESSAGES Require Service Message Serial Poll Status Byte Message Operating Over the GPIB 5 line is made false 2 the Local With Lock State if the GTL message is made true and the generator has been addressed as a listener The generator may send device dependent messages when addressed to talk The instrument remains configured to talk until it is unaddressed to talk by the controller To unaddress the generator the controller must send the generator s listen address a new talk address an IFC message or a universal untalk command Before the instrument is addressed to talk the desired output data must be specified with an appropriate input message or a query Otherwise the instrument will not send anything The DIRECTORY or MEMORY commands are examples Queries are program commands that end with a question mark generator responds to the query by outputting message containing the value or state of the associated parameter Queries when executed cause their replies to be placed in the output buffer Multiple queries without reading replies will result in the last reply being written over the previous one output messages are ended with the EOI going true with the last character sent Block transfers are formatted according to the format selected with the COMM FORMAT command The generator sends the Require Service message by setting t
42. CALIBRATE EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS CAL The next time the waveform is stopped or aborted the generator will initiate the self calibration routine NOTES 1 CALERR SEQ is not actually a SEQUENCE file It is plain text like a sequence file Attempting to run it as a sequence file has no effect 2 No Query form of this command 3 39 5 Operating Over the GPIB Action Command CLEAR CLE Resets all instrument settings to the power up defaults See the section on power up settings FORMAT CLEAR EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS CLEAR Causes the generator to reset all CLE its settings to the power up defaults NOTES 1 The SHIFT RESET key on the 9100 CP executes this command 2 No Query form of this command Wo CLEAR FM will clear file memory All files of all types are deleted by this command This is a completely different function than CLEAR without an argument and was originally for internal use only However enough people are using this command that we are now supporting it For compatibility with earlier 9100 Series models CLEAR does not cause OPERATION COMPLETE Status Operating Over the GPIB 5 Action Command GO Causes generation of the waveform s loaded into the high speed memory to begin FORMAT GO EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS GO The waveform s resident in the high speed memory at that moment from the previous LOAD and LINK commands will
43. CLOCK REFERENCE CLOCK SLOPE CLOCK SOURCE CONTINUOUS CONCATENATE COMM STRDELIM COMM TRAILER D C DEVICE CLEAR D C MOD DECREMENT DELETE DELTA DIRECTORY DELAY_MODE DUAL END EXIST EXTERNAL FUNCTION QUERY GATE GO GPIB HIGH SPEED MEM IDENTIFY INTERFACE CLEAR INCREMENT INTERNAL INTERLEAVE ARBITRARY FUNCTION Table 3 9100 GPIB Acronyms ACRONYM MEANING LEARN_SETUP LINK LOCAL_LOCKOUT LOAD LOCAL LONG MANUAL MASK MARKER_DELAY MEMORY MODE NEGATIVE NEXT OFF ON POSITIVE PULSE_PERIOD POINTS PULSE_DELAY PULSE_OPTIMIZE PULSE PULSE_WIDTH RAM DISK MEMORY RAMP RECEIVE RECALL RECURRENT RELATIVE REMOTE REPEAT RAMP_MODE RAMP_PHASE RAMPCREL PHASE PERIOD RAMP_POLARITY R5 232 PORT SINE 1 PHASE SINE CH2 PHASE SELECTIVE DEV CLR SEQUENCE SEND SETUP SINE_FREQ SINE SINE_MODE SINGLE SHORT SQUARE_FREQ SQUARE_MODE SQUARE_PHASE SQUARE_REL PHASE SQUARE SELFTEST STANDARD FUNC STATUS ACRONYM STB STOP STR SUM TAS TDEL TGR TLEV TMOD TRFR TRI TRIM TRIP TRRP TSLO TSOU TSTB UFIX USHO VIEW WAIT ESC C ESC L ESC N ESC R ESC S ESC T ESC ESC ESC ESC ESC 1 7 ESC CNTL C WAD XSUM MEANING STATUS BYTE STOP STORE SUM MODE TRIG ARM SOURCE TRIG_DELAY TRIGGER TRIG_LEVEL TRIG_MODE TRIANGLE FREQ TRIANGLE TRIANGLE MODE TRIANGLE PHASE
44. DUAL z 5 1 2 SYNC TO START CH 1 OUTPUT SINGLE TRIGGER DELAY 2 DUAL TRIGGER DELAY 1 MINIMUM PROGRAMMABLE TRIGGER DELAY SINGLE z 4 DUAL 2 Figure 3 8 o Operations 3 9100 RECURRENT MODE TIMING RE ARM TIME SINGLE 10 DUAL 5 12 CH 1 OUTPUT LAST POINT TO SYNC SINGLE 15 SYNC DUAL 8 LAST POINT TO START TRIGGER DELAY 1 START pe ECL ASIANT NAGER DELAY FT MINIMUM PROGRAMMABLE TRIGGER DELAY SINGLE 16 DUAL 8 Figure 3 9 3 27 3 SPECIFYING THE TRIGGER DELAY SPECIFYING EXTERNAL TRIGGERING USING THE FILTERS TO SMOOTH THE WAVEFORM 3 28 The trigger delay is used in Single Burst and Recurrent modes It determines the amount of delay between receipt of trigger and the start of waveform output In Recurrent it is the number of points between the end of the last burst of sweeps and the beginning of the next Command DELAY desired trigger delay To trigger the 9100 on an external signal it should be input to the trigger gate input BNC on the front panel The input impedance is 50 0 trigger source called external must be selected to be on The TRIG SLOPE and TRIG LEVEL commands are used to set the point at which the 9100 will trigger on the applied signal For most cases TRIG ARM SOURCE should be set to AUTO so that the trigger will be armed automatically after each waveform sweep The foll
45. ECL outputs have 470 Q internal pulldown resistors to protect the outputs from electro static discharge HIGH SPEED MEMORY The 9109 offers 128K of High Speed Memory twice the memory available in the 9100 configuration This allows longer waveforms to be executed the descriptions on LOAD or LINK operations are unchanged from the way they are presented in Chapter 5 The maximum segment size that is allowed is 64K In order to execute a waveform of greater than 65536 bytes the additional bytes must be in a different waveform segment file This additional segment s must then be LINKed to the composite waveform being created There is no additional restriction as to how the waveform files cross over the 65536 byte boundary To summarize no segment may be greater than 64K in length but any number of segments each less than 64K may be LINKed together up to a maximum waveform size of 128K DIGITAL OUTPUT SPECIFICATIONS Output Channels 2 channels with Channel 1 data corresponding to the channel 1 analog output Channel 2 digital data corresponds to the channel 2 analog output Digital data is 7 1 7 Model 9109 7 2 normalized so that a data value of 255 corresponds to maximum analog amplitude and a data value of 0 00 corresponds to the minimum analog output Maximum Digital pattern length Single channel mode non repeating 128 Kbytes Dual channel non repeating 64 Kbytes channel Digital Outputs per Ch
46. External Sum input on the front panel and enables or disables it With the second page of the Channel 1 main menu on display Figure 4 30 pressing Page again will cause the third and last page of that menu to appear on the screen Figure 4 31 Control Panel Operation 4 F1 C1 CALIBRATE lt Third Page of Channel 1 Main Menu Figure 4 31 Pressing F1 when this menu page is displayed results in automatic calibration of the amplitude and offset conditions in the Model 9100 The screen display will change to say CALIBRATION IN PROCESS and the 9100 CP will be locked out of operation until the calibration is complete when the screen will again change to say CALIBRATION COMPLETE At that point pressing any key will cause the 9100 CP and the Model 9100 to function in accordance with the command inherent in that key F2 F3 F4 are not used in this page of the Channel 1 main menu As shown above the Channel 1 main menu has a total of nine parameters Of those four OUTPUT INVERT SUM and XSUM F key toggled while one CALIBRATE results in a direct action Three of the remaining four parameters C1 OFFSET ZREF are controlled via parameter delta submenus In each case accessing the parameter delta submenu will display the current or default value of the parameter and changes can be made in that value by direct entry or by use of the MORE and LESS prompts When Figure 4 30 is disp
47. F3 for setup files and F4 for sequence files Press the key corresponding to the line on which the file to be deleted is shown symbol will then appear to the right of that line Press SHIFT and then DELETE The menu of Figure 4 15 will appear ARE YOU SURE Delete Operation Figure 4 15 Pressing F3 will cause the selected file to disappear from the screen listing and no longer be in RAM disk memory Pressing F4 avoids the delete operation unmarks the e waveform file and returns to the previous screen 4 20 Control Panel Operation 4 Changing all Attribute Settings to Default Conditions Changes that Cannot be Made with the 9100 CP Pressing SHIFT and then RESET will cause the menu of Figure 4 15 to appear A yes response will cause all 9100 settings to revert to default conditions The 9100 CP cannot make the following changes e Altering the contents of a waveform file e Altering the contents of a sequence file e Altering the contents of a setup file NOTE The 9100 CP can however store new setup files in memory LEARN Accordingly if a setup file needs be changed a new setup file can be created and LEARNed The original setup file can then be deleted if desired as described above e Change one waveform file in a linked series of waveform files without re loading and re linking every waveform file in the chain 4 21 4 Control Panel Operation C
48. GPIB by the IBWRT o instructions 10 18 Specifications siyRT 10 The AFG is loaded with 3 waveform segments NULL WAV PSK0 WAV PSK1 WAV NULL WAV is a 72 point 0 volt DC level which serves as a quiescent output until a keyboard entry is made Note that all waveform segments were loaded or linked with the JZ parameter This selects the waveform segment with link index 0 NULL WAV whenever the FIFO is empty Thus in the absence of any keyboard input the AFG defaults to outputting NULL WAV which produces a 0 volt output The program scans the keyboard until the Q 1 or 0 key is pressed 1 or 0 input causes the FIFO to be loaded with link index of 2 PSK1 WAV 1 PSK0 WAV respectively The AFG outputs the selected waveform and then returns to NULL WAV Entering a Q terminates the program The 9100 RT Real Time Waveform Selection Option allows fast random access selection of any waveform stored to the AFG waveform memory It is a fully self contained in any LeCroy 91XX Series Arbitrary Function Generator Compatibility AFG s 9100 9101 9109 9112 Upgrades Can be added to any LeCroy 91XX Series AFG Consult factory for details External Real Time Port Data Format D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 09 08 07 06 05 D4 D3 D2 D1 DO Repeat Count Waveform Link Address Repeat Count is a binary value equal to one less than number of repetitions desired Waveform Link Index is a binary value correspon
49. I Arbitrary length ASCII 1 ASCII HEX 00 to FF double the length of internally stored binary data files Commands Full Conversational same as GPIB plus RS 5 Define character equivalent to SRQ in GPIB Default is Bell ESC commands ECHO on off Trig remote local Temperature Range 159 C to 35 C full specification 09 C to 400 C operating Humidity 409 C 10 to 95 relative non condensing Power 115 220 20 VAC 47 63 Hz approximately 147 watts Size 5 1 4 H X 19 W X 15 D Weight 26 lbs approximately STANDARD ACCESSORIES 1 each Operator s Manual ORDERING INFORMATION 9100 Dual Channel Arbitrary Function Generator 9100R Dual Channel Arbitrary Function Generator with Rear Panel Connectors 9101 Single Channel Arbitrary Function Generator 9109 Dual Channel Arbitrary Function Generator with Digital Word Outputs OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES 9100 Detachable Hand held Control Panel 9100 EC 6 Extender Cable Control Panel 9100 0M Operator s Manual 9100 SM Service Manual 9100 SW EASYWAVE Software 9100 SP Advanced Waveform Creation Software 9100 MM Waveform Memory Expansion 1 2 Mbyte 9100 MM1 Waveform Memory Expansion 1 Mbyte 9100 MM2 Waveform Memory Expansion 2 Mbyte 9100 RT Real Time Waveform Selection 9100 GPIB2 GPIB Interface Card and Software National Instruments PCII Card and GPIB PC Software DC GPIB 2 GPIB Cable 2 meters EASYWAVE is a trademark of LeCroy Corp XT AT
50. If a standard function square wave is being output this takes effect immediately SQUP 10ns REL SQUP is increased by 10 nsec SQUP The current setting is returned 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function SQUARE RELATIVE PHASE 5 Sets standard function square wave Channel 2 phase in time relative to Channel 1 phase NOTE Channel 2 leads Channel 1 by the time specified This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT SOUARE RELATIVE PHASE 1 2 SORP argl arg2 SQUARE RELATIVE PHASE SORP VALID ARGUMENTS argi time which is a fraction of the selected period i e 0 to period arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 0 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SORP 100ns Channel 2 s square wave will 100 nsec ahead of channel 1 s square wave If a standard function square wave is being output this takes effect immediately SQRP 10 REL SORP is increased by 10 nsec SORP The current setting is returned NOTES If COMM HDRzLONG query responses will be of the form SQ REL PHASE which will also parse correctly as a command 5 80 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function TRIANGLE TRI This command forces Standard Function mode It selects triangle wave as the current standard function If some other standard function was being generated it is aborted After issuing this command issuing GO will cause a triangle wave to be generated using
51. Installation The existence of the RT option can be verified on the 9100 CP Hand held Control Panel or via the EASYWAVE waveform creation software The following procedure applies to the hand held control panel a Pressthe FUNC button b Pressthe PAGE button The LCD display should include the lines CTRL MEM IMAGE gt and OPTIONS c Select OPTIONS by pressing the F2 button installed options will be listed in the format shown below HS MM 512K ENTRIES XXXX RTOPTION YES The first line describes the installed memory options and maximum installed memory capacity The second line tells how o many Control Memory Entries i e waveform segment LINKs are available The third line confirms the installation of the real 10 1 1 0 9100 RT Functional Description 10 2 time option If the option is not installed the third line would read RT OPTION NO NOTE It is very important that there be no activity on the WRITE input of the external Real Time port during the time that the AFG is performing its power up calibration routine If WRITEs occur during this time period the AFG may not find what it expects when it looks at the FIFO and will therefore assume that the option 15 NOT installed The 9100 RT Real Time Waveform Selection option provides the ability to jump to any waveform segment contained in the high speed waveform memory Waveform segments are loaded into high speed memory using a link
52. Operating Over the GPIB 5 Action Command SELFTEST SEL SELFTEST causes the following tests to be run 1 CALIBRATION Tests internal measurement paths except for reference voltages DAC s attenuators and filters Tests normal and sum path See CALIBRATE for more information 2 HIGH SPEED MEMORY RAM test of high speed memory capable of detecting all stuck data bits or address lines any coupled address lines and coupling of adjacent data bits 3 CONTROL MEMORY RAM test similar to above 4 NON VOLATILE MEMORY Non destructive RAM test capable of detecting all the errors of the previous tests except for errors in the higher address lines since the test is done in blocks and the data from that block is saved elsewhere Note that errors addressing non volatile file memory would be obvious in operation 5 HIGH SPEED MEMORY TO ANALOG BOARD TRANSFER Tests the capability to transfer data from the high speed memory to the analog board along the path used during waveform generation The results of selftest appear only in status byte 8 readable by STB 8 See table 5 1 Selftest takes over one minute to complete FORMAT SELFTEST EXAMPLES COMMAND COMMENTS SELFTEST The tests described above are run The front panel SELFTEST LED is illuminated while the tests are in progress FRONT PANEL CONTROL INDICATORS If the SELFTEST button is pressed until the SELFTEST LED lights SELFTEST is initiated Th
53. Standard Pulse Function WHEN F1 PULSE is selected on the second page of the Standard Function Submenu the Standard Pulse Attribute Submenu is displayed Figure 4 27 F1 PERIOD F2 WIDTH gt F3 DELAY gt 4 OPTIMIZE Standard Pulse Attribute Submenu Figure 4 27 Where PERIOD F1 selects a submenu from which the period of the generated pulse wave may be set from 40 0 nsec to 10 0 sec Units can be nsec psec msec sec WIDTH F2 selects a submenu from which the width of the generated pulse the duration of the high part of the pulse waveform may be set from 5 0 nsec to PERIOD Units can be msec msec sec Selecting Attributes Of The Standard DC Function 4 30 DELAY gt F3 selects a submenu which allows setting of delay in time from the receipt of a trigger to the start of the pulse waveform the first rising edge The allowed range 15 25 0 nsec to 5 0 msec in single or burst trigger mode and 85 0 nsec to 5 0 msec in recurrent trigger mode The DELAY has no meaning in continuous or gated trigger modes Units can be nsec psec msec sec NOTE In the standard pulse function the trigger delay must be set using this submenu and not the TRIG DELAY submenu located in the Trigger Main Menu OPTIMIZE gt F4 selects a submenu which allows the user to specify whether the pulse function is to be generated so as to achieve highest accuracy on the pulse WIDTH WID PERIO
54. VALID ARGUMENTS An unsigned number from 0 to 9999 with a maximum of 4 digit resolution and unit designators Hz KHz MHz OR The word OFF may be used DEFAULTS Power up OFF EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS CH1_FILTER 10MHz These commands will cause the 10 2 1 filter to be set to 10 MHz This command turns the filter off NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 47 5 Operating Over the GPIB Channel Parameter Command CH1 INVERT CH2 INVERT 21 This command inverts the waveform in Channel 1 or Channel 2 and resets the ZERO REFERENCE to the complement value about a center value of 127 5 COMMANDS FORMAT CH1 INVERT Cil VALID ARGUMENTS ON turns invert on if it is not currently on on OFF turns invert off if it is not currently off DEFAULTS Power up OFF EXAMPLES COMMAND COMMENTS CiI ON This command inverts the waveform on channel 1 FRONT PANEL CONTROL INDICATORS LEDs indicate invert state for each channel NOTES 1 The generator automatically handles changes of ZERO REFERENCE SINGLE TO DUAL WAVEFORM and DUAL TO SINGLE if CH2 or both channels have INVERT on 2 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 48 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Channel Parameter Command CH1 OFFSET CH2 OFFSET C10 C20 Sets the Channel 1 or Channel 2 DC offset levels If it is desired to increase or decrease from t
55. WAVEFORM BEING GENERATED IF ANY CHANGES CHANNEL 1 AMPLITUDE 360 TO 5 VOLTS TURNS OFF SUMMING MODE LOADS A NEW WAVEFORM REPEATS IT ONCE ON 370 EVERY TRIGGER AND OUTPUTS THAT WAVEFORM FROM THE 9100 380 390 COMMAND ABORT C1A 5V SUM MODE OFF LOAD SIN100 WAV 1 TMOD SING GO END 400 COMMS INIT tCOMMAND 410 i 420 WE WILL NOW SEND THE FILENAME AND DATA TO THE 9100 430 440 HEAD STORE NAM 450 CALL IBWRT AFG HEAD writes string HEAD to the AFG 460 CALL IBWRT AFG COMM writes string COMMS to the AFG 470 ENDSample BASICA program for transferring a sequence file The STORE command causes this sequence file to be stored into the generator s RAM Disk The SEQ extension identifies it as a Sequence file 1 sets the block transfer format The rest is the actual Sequence file This program example includes setup commands combined with a load operation The command LOAD SIN100 WAV 1 causes a waveform to be loaded from the RAM Disk to the high speed memory The number 1 specifies the number of times the waveform is to be repeated The TMOD SING sets the Trigger Mode to single The GO causes the generator to execute the waveform SIN100 WAV The END closes the file and leaves the instrument in the last setup state with the waveform active awaiting a trigger 5 23 5 Operating Over the GPIB Executing of Sequence File sequence file above once resident in 9100 RAM can be exe
56. are accepting characters from GPIB and reacting to the 9100 CP After the pause sequence execution continues Example PAUSE 100 Causes the 9100 to do nothing for 1 second START format START possible errors 91 command only valid in batch This command begins a loop in a batch file The LOOP command marks the end of the loop Loops can not be nested in one sequence file However sequence files are nestable and each level may have a loop A START without a LOOP does not generate an error EXAMPLES C1A 0 1V DELTA START PAUSE 100 LOOP 10 _ The above segment of a sequence file would cause the amplitude of channel one to increase in 10 steps of 0 1 V per step After each amplitude change the sequence file pauses for one second START SEQUENCE LEVEL2 SEQ LOOP 10 This segment of a sequence file runs a second sequence file ten times The second sequence file may also have a loop etc LOOP format LOOP arg1 1 a number from 1 to 32767 format acceptable possible errors 91 command only valid in batch 90 batch mode error i e not preceded by START o For a description of this command see START Appendix 1 Attempts to nest loops will cause an error second LOOP command For example bad good START ignored START start of loop START start of loop SEQ B SEQ contains a loop LOOP 10 end of loop LOOP 20 end of loop LOOP 20
57. are utilized When external sum mode is selected the sum 5 nal is injected at the input of the output amplifier To avoid attenuating the external sum signal the 9100 chooses to use the preamplifier attenuators in preference to the post amplifier atte nuators This tends to cause a slight reduction in signal to noise ratio However when the requested amplitude for the internal generated signal is less than 312 mV some post amplifier atte nuators are required This causes the external portion of the summed signal to be attenuated NOTE No error message is generated The 312 mV comes from the fact that the pre amp attenuators offer an attenuation factor of 16 and the fine gain control of the Signal DAC offers a factor of 2 for a total attenuation of 32 without using the post amplifier attenuators 10 V divided by 32 equals 312 5 mV When the two channels are summed the summing is done at the preamplifier point of the circuit To be certain that the cor rect gain will be applied to each channel s contribution to the summed signal you should verify that both channels amplitudes can be generated with the same amount of post amplifier at tenuation This typically limits the ratio of the two channels amplitudes to a value between 16 and 32 A safe method is to limit the ratio of the two channels amplitudes to less than or equal to 16 If this is not done then the amplitude contribution of the lower amplitude channel will be gre
58. arg VALID ARGUMENTS WAV single waveforms WAD dual waveforms SET setup SEQ 1 sequence CM control memory HSM high speed memory DEFAULT Unspecified Argument DIR of all files will be sent by extension i e WAV WAD SET and SEQ EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS DIRECTORY WAD This query returns a directory DIR WAD of the dual waveform files contained in the RAM Memory space DIRECTORY CM This query returns a directory DIR CM of control memory showing the order of segment output and number of repetitions for each wave file loaded and linked in high speed memory DIRECTORY HSM This query returns a directory DIR HSM of waveform files currently loaded and linked in high speed memory QUERY RESPONSES same formatted string as seen a 9100 is returned It is of variable length depending on number of files For details of format see ACTIVE FILES A string 5 101 5 Operating Over the GPIB 5 102 NO WAD FILES lt CRLF gt NO WAV FILES lt CRLF gt NO SET FILES lt CRLF gt NO SEQ FILES lt CRLF gt or lt END gt is returned if no argument is supplied and no files are present The individual strings are returned for the applicable arguments if no file of a particular type is present Operating Over the GPIB 5 Action Command also Query Type Command IDENTIFY ID This query causes the generator to return its bus address model number and version number of
59. causes error 90 NOTE format NOTE argi arg2 1 argn any ASCII characters except semicolon possible errors 91 2 command only valid in batch NOTE The 9100 will replace any characters it regards as delimiters with a comma This command prints out its arguments all upper case to the currently active COMM SOURCE separated by commas and followed by carriage return and line feed If the current COMM SOURCE IS RS 232 then the message is sent in its entirety before sequence execution continues If the COMM SOURCE is GPIB the message is queued for output and sequence execution continues immediately if you do not take this message before the next NOTE command it will be lost The total length of a NOTE command from the first character to the semicolon must be less than 80 characters for the command to be processed EXAMPLE NOTE reached point 1 prints REACHED POINT 1 cr lf NOTE This is a test prints THIS IS A TEST cr lf 0100 2 1 9100 Architecture 2 3 9100 CP 2 1 4 1 9100 CP Control Panel 2 5 9100 MM 9 1 9100 MM1 9 1 9100 MM2 9 1 9100 RT 10 1 9100 SW 2 1 9100GPIB2 2 1 9100R 2 1 9101 8 1 9109 7 1 A ABORT 3 28 5 34 Aborting Waveforms 4 44 ACTIVE 4 45 ACTIVE_FILES 5 96 Action Commands 5 15 Action Keys 4 8 Addressing 5 1 Amplitude 2 5 3 12 ARBITRARY 5 35 5 36 Arbitrary Waveforms 4 43 Arm Modes 4 38 Armed LED 2 11 BACE
60. channel s output CHAN 2 Indicates waveform being output on Channel 2 When 2 11 2 Product Description Input Output Connectors blinking an overload has occurred SUM 1 2 Indicates that the 2 channels of dual waveform being summed and output on Channel 1 output A flashing indi cation is caused by an overload on the External Sum input overload can be cleared by reasserting the Sum On command Keypad Connector The cable from the 9100 CP plugs into this connector 3 CHAN 1 Waveform Output BNC connector for Channel 1 output Active when either CHAN 1 LED or SUM 1 2 LED is lit CHAN 2 Waveform Output BNC connector for Channel 2 output Only active when the CHAN 2 LED is lit SUM CH 1 Input connector for summing an external analog signal in with the signal being generated on Channel 1 The external sum input must be enabled using the XSUM com mand or selection on the 9100 CP TRIGGER GATE External trigger or gate input connector Acts as trigger or gate input depending on trigger mode selected MARKER Timing pulse which can be programmed to be output in the range from 2 to 1 million clock cycles after receipt of trigger The marker output is functional only in Single Burst or Recurrent trigger modes Note that if the Marker delay is programmed for a number greater than the sum of the trigger delay and the total number of points that will be output includ ing segment repetitions links and wavef
61. charges arising from the return of products to the servicing facility LeCroy will return all in warranty products with trans portation prepaid This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties express or im plied including but not limited to any implied warranty of mer 1 1 1 General Information PRODUCT ASSISTANCE MAINTENANCE AGREEMENTS DOCUMENTATION DISCREPANCIES SOFTWARE LICENSING AGREEMENT 1 2 chantability fitness or adequacy for any particular purpose or use LeCroy shall not be liable for any special incidental or consequential damages whether in contract or otherwise Answers to questions concerning installation calibration and use of LeCroy equipment are available from the SSD Customer Services Department 700 Chestnut Ridge Road Chestnut Ridge New York 10977 6499 914 578 6020 or your local field service office LeCroy offers a selection of customer support services For ex ample Maintenance agreements provide extended warranty that allows the customer to budget maintenance costs after the initial warranty has expired Other services such as installation train ing on site repair and addition of engineering improvements are available through specific Supplemental Support Agreements Please contact the Customer Service Department or the local field service office for details LeCroy is committed to providing state of the art instrumenta tion and is continually refining and improving the
62. detection level if an external clock is used Can be set from 2 5 V to 2 5 V with three digits of resolution CLOCK SRC lt F4 selects the function which toggles between an internal or external clock source NOTE When the internal clock is used the user does not have to set both clock rate and clock period One is the inverse of the other and changing either one will automatically adjust the other accordingly Selection of which to use is subject solely to user preference Press PAGE when Figure 4 32 is shown and the second page of the timebase main menu will appear Figure 4 33 F1 CLOCK SLOPE POS F2 CLOCK REF lt INT F3 CLOCK MODE lt MASTER CLK Second Page of Timebase Main Menu Figure 4 33 Where CLOCK SLOPE lt F1 is used to specify which edge of an externally applied clock signal will cause transitions of the analog output The default is the positive edge and the F1 key acts as a toggle 4 35 4 Control Panel Operation CLOCK REF F2 determines the source of the 4 MHz reference signal required by the AFG s phase lock loop The default is the internal 4 MHz crystal INT The F2 key toggles the selected source to the rear panel CLOCK IN REF connector EXT CLOCK MODE F3 is used to select master or slave clock operating mode Master mode is the default setting CLOCK MODE SLAVE is used to synchronize one 9100 Series AFG to another The unit placed in SL
63. exception of bit 6 which is the Require Service bit represents the status of a group of instrument conditions The MASK line indicates which if any STB values are masked so as to not cause a Service Request SRQ to be generated See Chapter 5 for a detailed description of the hierarchical structure of the status bytes Al status bytes and masks are displayable executing the STB command which does not affect the status byte or mask Determining the Current Status Mode When the STATUS key is pressed Figure 4 43 will appear on the screen of the 9100 CP LOCKOUT OFF TRIG N A Status Menu Figure 4 43 Looking at the two lines in Figures 4 43 LOCKOUT indicates whether lockout is invoked ON meaning that the Model 9100 is set to be controlled only by computer command and that the 9100 CP is locked out from control OFF on the other hand means that the 9100 CP is in control or can regain control TRIG identifies the status of trigger arming in the Single and Burst trigger modes ARMED UNARMED and N A are the possible readouts on this line with N A indicating that the instrument is set to trigger in neither the Single mode nor the Burst mode Control Panel Operation 4 Displaying Present Bus Communications Commands Pressing SHIFT and COMM will result in display of the first page of a two page informational menu that identifies current communications commands as in F
64. is listed on line Enter desired new value of parameter by using numeric and units keys if required An F is not necessary to use In this submenu As you key your entry will appear on line 3 Terminate entry and parameter deita menu will reappear showing the new parameter value Current delta is displayed on line 1 Enter desired new delta by using numer c keys F key required As you key the new delta it will appear on line 3 Terminate entry and parameter delta menu will reappear showing the new delta increments line 1 parameter value upwards by the absolute value of delta Increments line 1 parameter value HOD UR by the absolute value of elta Present value is the value most recently entered This wil be the default value if no setup has been initiated and if no other values have been entered See section earlier this chapter for instructions on Terminating Numeric Entries page 4 10 To illustrate the use of Table 4 2 press SHIFT and then RESET This will restore the instrument to its power up state and in the process restore all parameters to default values After you press RESET the screen will prompt are your sure Pressing the F3 yes response will cause the screen to blank after which the screen shown in Figure 4 2 will appear Press CHAN 1 when that happens and the first page of the Channel 1 main menu will appear Figure 4 11 Contr
65. mainframe and CP is most easily visualized in four main blocks Figure 2 2 1 RAM DISK 2 INSTRUMENT CONTROL 4 CONTROL PANEL WAVEFORM GENERATOR CIRCUIT 2 3 2 Product Description e BATTERIES REAR PANEL EXT TRIG 350K BYTE MANUAL TRIG NON VOLATILE STORAGE USER DEFINED WAVEFORM FILES SETUP FILES SEQUENCE FILES RAM DISK SAL REMOTE WAVEFORM CONTROL GENERATOR CIRCUITS INTERNAL BUS Figure 2 2 RAM DISK The RAM disk is used for storage of the waveform data arrays which are referred to as waveform files The RAM disk is 350Kbytes of non volatile storage All waveform files must be stored in the RAM disk before they can be loaded into the waveform generator circuit Depending on the size of the waveform files and the number that are needed on the RAM disk at any one time all files may be kept on the RAM disk so they don t have to be reloaded every time they need to be generated or when the unit is pow ered on Other types of files are used for automating the setup of waveform data and waveform control settings these are re ferred to as sequence files and setup files All standard file handling commands are available such as delete directory etc summary of handling commands see Chapter 5 2 4 INSTRUMENT CONTROL CONTROL PANEL WAVEFORM GENERATOR CIRCUIT Product Description 2 functions of the instrument are accessible remote
66. or before B WAV s first repetition or before D WAV s first repetition whichever comes first after the gate goes false When the gate goes true again output will begin with the appropriate segment either A WAV or B WAV or D WAV after the programmed trigger delay Burst Burst is very similar to single except single stops at every end of wave while burst counts the specified number of end of waves and then stops So using the example from single mode once gain in TMOD BURST 3 each trigger would cause the 9100 to wait the programmed trigger delay and then produce A WAV followed by two repetitions of B WAV two repetitions of C WAV and three repetitions of D WAV The three end of waveform marks are just before B WAV just before D WAV and just before A WAV TMOD BURST 1 is exactly equivalent to single trigger mode see above An interesting mode is to give a burst count that is neither 1 nor the number of end of wave markers in the waveform For example TMOD BURST 2 would cause A WAV B WAV and C WAV to be produced by the first trigger following GO D WAV and A WAV to be produced by the second trigger B WAV C WAV and D WAV to be produced by the third trigger etc 3 17 3 Operations TIMING OUTPUT SIGNAL RELATIONSHIPS Recurrent Recurrent is the same as burst with an automatic trigger immediately occurring whenever the system waits for trigger In summary in single trigger mode this feature permits the 91
67. performance of its products While physical modifications can be imple mented quite rapidly the corrected documentation frequently requires more time to produce Consequently this manual may not agree in every detail with the accompanying product and the schematics in the Service Documentation There may be small discrepancies in the values of components for the purposes of pulse shape timing offset etc and occasionally minor logic changes Where any such inconsistencies exist please be as sured that the unit is correct and incorporates the most up to date circuitry Software products are licensed for a single machine Under this license you may Copy the software for backup or modification purposes in sup port of your use of the software on a single machine e Modify the software and or merge it into another program for your use on a single machine e Transfer the software and the license to another party if the other party accepts the terms of this agreement and you relin SERVICE PROCEDURE General Information 1 quish all copies whether in printed or machine readable form including all modified or merged versions Products requiring maintenance should be returned to an authorized service facility If under warranty LeCroy will repair or replace the product at no charge The purchaser is only re sponsible for the transportation charges arising from return of the goods to the service facility
68. reference and filter parameters for each channel e Selecting internal or external clock source or clock reference and determining rate or period for internal clock threshold level and slope for external clock Choosing trigger mode arming and firing the trigger via keyboard command or by selecting automatic trigger arming and alternate trigger sources Learning in memory and executing complete setup files each consisting of a complete set of channel timebase and trigger commands e Selecting and executing setup files created via computer and previously downloaded to the Model 9100 Selecting and executing sequence files created via computer and previously downloaded to the Model 9100 Consisting of valid GPIB commands a sequence file can contain nested sequence and setup files as well as additional commands to load link and execute waveforms o e Returning control of the Arbitrary Function Generator from a computer remote mode to 9100 keyboard local mode if local lockout has not been invoked via GPIB Compact and light in weight the 9100 CP can be easily handheld while being used Or it comes with a bracket with which it can be mounted on a benchtop any other convenient surface or the Model 9100 itself Connected to the Arbitrary Function Generator by means of a 6 ft coiled cable that plugs into the front of the Model 9100 the control panel is readily detachable Optional 6 ft extender ca
69. register but a condition register It does not generate SRQs bits 0 2 3 4 5 unused bit 1 batch execution in progress bit 6 waveform active bit 7 armed STB 4 readable by STB 4 bits 7 0 error code Table 5 2 The MASK 4 command will parse but has no effect The appropriate bits of STB 7 are always set on error STB 6 readable by STB 6 bit 0 message avallable bits 7 1 unused 5 Operating Over the GPIB Table 5 2 Error Codes command parse errors 10 too many parameters Example Ampl 1 2V 11 invalid header 12 invalid number format Example 1 Ampl 1 2 3 13 invalid keyword An alpha argument was not recognized 14 invalid block Not KA L 1 15 two strings cmd 16 invalid symbol 17 invalid trailer 18 invalid acronym Short form command not recognized 19 syntax error General problem parsing command 20 command permission error No way to get this error 30 option not installed No way to get this error 40 semantic error 41 command not found environment errors requested action not possible in current state 50 environment error 51 received trigger command in nontriggered mode 52 received arm in nontriggered mode 53 received go with no trigger source enabled in a triggered mode 54 segment less than 72 points in triggered mode oniy run in CONTINUOUS trigger mode 55 received trigger and not armed 56 received trigger arm when not ready 70 communica
70. selects next submenu which allows setting the Channel 1 DC offset level from 5 V to 5 V in units of mV or V ZREF F3 selects the next submenu which allows specification of the zero reference in floating point values from 0 to 255 OUTPUT F4 selects the function used to determine whether channel signal output is on or off This is a toggle If PAGE is pressed when the screen shown in Figure 4 29 is displayed the second page of the Channel 1 main menu will appear on the screen as shown in Figure 4 30 F1 C1 FILTER F2 INVERT OFF F3 SUM lt OFF F4 XSUM lt OFF Second Page of Channel 1 Main Menu Figure 4 30 E Where FILTER gt F1 selects the next submenu which allows selection of filters from 1 to 100 MHz in 1 3 steps or the filters may be selected OFF by using the F2 key on the filter menu INVERT gt F2 selects the function which inverts the Channel 1 waveform 2 toggles this line from OFF to ON inverted and back again The zero reference value is automatically adjusted by the invert command SUM gt F3 selects the function which sums the Channel 2 signal into the Channel 1 signal and disconnects the Channel 2 signal from its output Repeatedly pressing F3 when Figure 4 30 is displayed will cause the SUM line to switch from OFF to ON and back again ON results in the Channel 2 waveform being summed into the Channel 1 waveform XSUM gt F4 selects the
71. single or dual channel sine wave generation Sets the frequency of the sine standard function Sine Channel 1 starting phase Sine Channel 2 relative phase Select square wave as the current standard function Selects single or dual channel square wave generation Sets the frequency of the square standard function Square Channel 1 starting phase Square Channel 2 relative phase Select triangle wave as the current standard function Selects single or dual channel triangle wave generation Operating Over the GPIB 5 TRIANGLE FREQUENCY TRFR Sets the frequency of the triangle standard function TRIANGLE PHASE TRIP Set start time of the triangle TRIANGLE RELATIVE PHASE TRRP Set start time of Channel 2 triangle wave relative to Channel 1 RAMP Select ramp as the current standard function RAMP MODE RMOD Selects single or dual channel ramp generation RAMP PERIOD RPER Select the duration of standard function ramp RAMP PHASE RMPP Set start time of the ramp RAMP RELATIVE PHASE RPRP Set Channel 2 start time relative to Channel 1 PULSE PUL Select pulse as the current standard function PULSE WIDTH PWID Select the duration of the high part of the standard function pulse waveform PULSE PERIOD PPER Select the period of the standard function pulse not meaningful in single trigger mode PULSE DELAY PDEL Set the portion of the period preceding the high part of the pulse PULSE OPTI
72. speed dual channel Arbitrary Function Generator with digital outputs The common elements of the 9100 Series are described in the early chapters of this manual Product spe cific information for the 9109 and 9101 is located in Chapter 7 and 8 respectively The 9100 Series instruments are part of a complete custom waveform generation system The main products which support this system are listed below ARBITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR MAINFRAME This is the basic mainframe unit The standard unit is remotely pro grammable over GPIB This unit has local control ONLY through use of the optional 9100 CP control panel 9100 REAR PANEL CONNECTOR MAINFRAME Same as 9100 except all signal input and output connectors are brought to the rear panel 9100 HAND HELD CONTROL PANEL This is the control panel which adds local operation of all features of the 9100 with the exception of waveform file creation editing and download ing Metal brackets are included to allow control panel to be free standing or attached to side of the 9100 mainframe The EASYWAVE Operating Manual covers the following products EASYWAVE SOFTWARE optional software package for PC DOS compatible computers which provides easy waveform creation and editing This includes creating waveforms from a simple waveform element library equations tabular editing or direct acquisition from LeCroy Oscilloscopes Without this package waveform files must be created on a host compute
73. the 2 key 2 appears after the NEW AMP header Press ENTER and the original AMP DELTA MORE LESS menu is again displayed this time with the top line showing an amplitude of 2 000 V Another way to change amplitude is to use the MORE and LESS functions The delta default level 100 mV is the amount by which you can increment the amplitude up or down by pressing F3 MORE or F4 LESS If amplitude is 2 0 V and delta is 0 5 V pressing F3 will increase the amplitude to 2 5 V while pressing F4 once after that would decrease the amplitude back to 2 0 V Within the 0 to 10 V range of the instrument F3 and F4 can be pressed in any sequence as many times as need be to achieve a desired C1 AMP If an increment of 0 1 V is unsatisfactory however press F2 when Figure 4 12 is displayed The screen view will then change to that shown in Figure 4 14 Note that no F key is used in this submenu The numeric keys are used to enter a new value if desired DELTA current value NEW DELTA O Cursor Delta Modification Submenu Figure 4 14 A new delta can be entered here in the same manner as amplitude could be changed with the AMP NEW AMP ENTRY CHANGES Changes Made After Waveform Execution has Commenced Changes Made Prior to Execution of a Waveform Control Panel Operation 4 submenu As the revised delta is keyed in it will appear immediately to the right of NEW DELTA Press ENTER
74. the current settings FORMAT TRIANGLE TRI EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRI Select TRIANGLE as the current standard function QUERY RESPONSES Use FUNCTION to determine the current function 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function TRIANGLE MODE TRIM Select single or dual channel triangle wave generation This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT TRIANGLE MODE arg TRIM arg TRIANGLE MODE TRIM VALID ARGUMENTS SINGLE SING DUAL DEFAULT Power up SINGLE EXAMPLE COMMAND TRIM SING TRIM 5 82 COMMENTS Select single channel output for standard function triangle wave Would return either SINGLE or SING or DUAL reflecting the current setting Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function TRIANGLE FREQUENCY TRFR Sets the frequency of the triangle wave generated by the TRIANGLE standard function This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT TRIANGLE FREQUENCY 1 2 TRFR arg1 arg2 TRIANGLE FREQUENCY TRFR VALID ARGUMENTS number representing the frequency Hz from 0 010 to 25 0 6 arg2 Optional REL If this argument is omitted arg1 becomes the triangle frequency DEFAULT Power up 1 MHz EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRFR 10MHZ Sets triangle frequency to 10 MHz If a standard function triangle wave is being output this takes effect immediately TRFR 1
75. the Channel 1 output Each channel s amplitude may be adjusted independently within limits When summing channels the respective amplitudes may differ by no more than a factor of 16 The channel sum command is SUM on or off An external signal may be summed together with the signal being generated on Channel 1 It is input through the front panel BNC labeled SUM Ch1 The following command is used to turn the sum input on or off EXTERNAL SUM on or off NOTE We do not recommend that the sum input be used for Channel 1 amplitudes less than 35 V If the Channel 1 amplitude is less than 32 V then the sum signal will be attenuated by the smallest power of 2 that is greater than 625 divided by the set amplitude 3 29 3 Operations USING AN EXTERNAL CLOCK REFERENCE USING AN EXTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE SYNCHRONIZING WITH ANOTHER 9100 SERIES AFG 3 30 An external 4 MHz reference oscillator amplitude between 1 and 4 V may be used as the timebase reference instead of the internal 4 MHz crystal This is useful if the 9100 needs to be referenced to a system reference The clock period is still controlled by the generator only the reference is changed The command to select the reference source is CLOCK REFERENCE external or internal When using Standard Functions see page 3 3 STANDARD FUNCTIONS An external clock source may be used to drive the generator When the external clock source is selected the
76. the listen mode SRQ LED ON when the SRQ line is asserted and the instrument is awaiting action from a GPIB controller Remote This word is spelled out in the hand held contro panel display whenever the instrument is put into remote by a GPIB controller Local LED Located with the keypad input connector it indicates when the instrument is in the LOCAL mode and the hand held control panel is operative When it is not ON the instrument is in the GPIB remote state Self Test LED ON when a self test or calibrate is in progress Test Fault LED Flashes for 10 seconds when a self test or calibrate determines there is a fault or steady ON in the event of a microprocessor failure Battery Low LED ON when the RAM Disk memory backup battery is too low Chan 1 Invert LED ON when Ch 1 output is inverted Chan 2 Invert LED ON when Ch 2 output is inverted CONNECTORS AND SWITCHES WAVEFORM CREATION AND EDITING INSTRUMENT CONTROL GENERAL Product Description 2 Connectors GPIB IEEE 488 1978 compatible RS 232 Port DB 25 S Connector Switches GPIB Address Switch RS 232 Port Configuration Switch Line voltage selector and fuses LeCroy s EASYWAVE software package is available for PC DOS compatible computers It provides for waveform creation and editing in a menu driven environment Waveform creation can be accomplished by any of the following methods 1 Equation entry
77. the various waveform characteristics All attributes can be controlled from the Control Panel as well as by GPIB commands The values of the settings determine when a particular waveform data point will be output and at what voltage level settings can be grouped into the following major categories shown below Settings which control the signal conditioning applied to the Channel 1 and Channel 2 signals CH1 AMPLITUDE 2 AMPLITUDE OFFSET 2 OFFSET CH1 ZERO REF CH2 ZERO REF 1 FILTER CH2 FILTER CH1_INVERT CH2_INVERT CH1_OUTPUT CH2_OUTPUT EXTERNAL_SUM SUM_MODE Settings that affect the main clock which determines the data point period i e determines rate at which the waveform 15 output CLOCK_RATE CLOCK PERIOD CLOCK SOURCE CLOCK REFERENCE CLOCK LEVEL CLOCK MODE CLOCK SLOPE Settings that affect when and how the waveform is triggered TRIG_MODE TRIG_DELAY TRIG_SOURCE TRIG_ARM_SOURCE TRIG_SLOPE TRIG_LEVEL MARKER_DELAY DELAY MODE A detailed explanation of every command is contained in the command reference in Chapter 5 3 Operations SPECIFYING HOW THE DATA VALUES ARE CONVERTED TO VOLTAGE LEVELS AMPLITUDE OFFSET AND ZERO REF determine the output voltage as a function of data point value V n where n is the data point value NOTE All voltages are for the output terminated in 50 Q If the output load is a high impedance then all voltages at the output will be 2 X higher than
78. the waveform will be present at the analog output s The AFG then waits for a trigger from any enabled source The first trigger received will be synchronized to the generator s internal clock and a SYNC pulse will be output The actual time from the recognition of a trigger to the SYNC output will vary from one trigger to the next because of the synchronization process The START pulse occurs TRIGGER DELAY 2 1 points after the SYNC The synchronization delay is also included in the TRIGGER DELAY so that the actual time from a trigger to the START will never be longer than the programmed delay value but may be shorter by 1 1 2 point In any event the START pulse occurs 1 point before the analog output s makes the transition from the first point to the second At the end of the waveform if the auto arm function is enabled the default condition the last point of the waveform is held for 10 5 1 2 Operations 3 points If bus arming is selected then the last point is held until 9 4 1 2 points after the arm command is received This is the trigger re arm time following which the analog output s returns to the first point of the waveform and the unit awaits the next trigger Figure 3 4 shows an overview of single trigger mode timing relationships A more detailed view is shown in Figure 3 8 Burst Same as for single mode See Figure 3 5 Continuous The SYNC and MARKER outputs are generated once in respo
79. to terminate and the AMP DELTA MORE LESS screen will again appear this time showing tbe new delta By using the AMP NEW AMP method and or the delta method channel amplitude can be easily changed and set Or progressing through the submenu layers may show that some parameters are acceptable at their current values in which case new values need not be entered The 9100 CP offers several means for changing entries or correcting entries that have been inadvertently made in error Specifically A waveform being executed can be stopped by pressing SHIFT and then ABORT Waveform execution will cease After that the keyboard can be used again to re select a waveform and or to re enter desired parameters Except for disconnecting the output and turning off the WAVEFORM ACTIVE LED ABORT does not affect any attribute or files The Model 9100 executes only waveform files that are loaded into high speed memory with currently selected waveform attributes Waveforms may be loaded and attributes changed at any time prior to execution i e GO Examples as follows e The waveform can be re selected so that a different waveform is chosen loaded into high speed memory and executed e Any individual attribute can be changed by accessing the proper main menu CHAN 1 CHAN 2 or TRIG keys and entering a new setting for that attribute e If a combination of attribute settings are stored as a setup file and initiated
80. to 1 then the summary bit in the serial poll status byte is also set If the MASK for that summary bit is set to 1 then the master status summary bit shown as bit 6 in Figure 5 1 is also set If the MASK bit for the master status summary bit is set to 1 then an SRQ is generated An example will make this clear If we wish to receive an SRQ only when a remote local transition occurs we would send the Operating Over the GPIB 5 commands MASK 1 65 MASK 2 2 Pressing local key will cause the following things to happen a Bit 1 of STB 2 will be turned on b Because STB 2 AND d with MASK 2 is non zero bit 0 of STB 1 is turned on c Because STB 1 AND d with MASK 1 is non zero bit 6 of STB 1 is turned on d Because bit 6 of STB 1 and MASK 1 are both on an SRQ is generated A Serial Poll at this point reads the Serial Poll Status Byte and turns off SRQ Only Serial Poll can turn off SRQ It does not affect the contents of STB 1 Only the STB command can clear the event status bytes TSTB may be used to read the status bytes without clearing them NOTE TO ADVANCED USERS The above example is actually more complex than indicated above because if REMOTE is asserted which it typically is then when the 9100 is addressed to listen so it can receive the STB command it goes back into REMOTE The application program might then do the following 1 Send REMOTE false 2 Address the 9100 to listen there is no need
81. to actually send anything This puts the 9100 into local as the operator requested 3 Wait for SRQ then serial poll to clear it Do not send STB This returns the 9100 to local and leaves it there The program can put the 9100 back into REMOTE by turning on REMOTE and addressing the 9100 to Isiten There are other ways to accomplish the above The method shown is used by EASYWAVE 5 0 5 Operating Over the GPIB e Serial Poll Status Byte readable except for the RQS bit by STB 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LSB STF ROS MAV Batch value state mode comp change STB 2 sta test Nothing logically under here This bit will track the Execution fault Error bit in the ESR STB 7 However we use STB 4 to hold a numeric STB TEN brror See description below STB 6 STB 7 Figure 5 1 command string action or response STB responds with 8 status bytes 1 to 8 Or STB and clears al 8 status bytes STB n responds with STB n xx 1 to 8 Or where xx is the value of the status byte and STB n clears STB n except INTERNAL STATE MASK n responds with MASK n xx 1 to 8 or where xx is the value of the status byte mask MASK n xx sets MASK n 1 to 8 to the given value xx TSTB n responds as for STB lt gt but does not clear TSTB the status byte MASK responds with 8 mask bytes 1 to 8 Or unused mask bytes show as 0 MASK values ar
82. values NOT be a any valid hex digit or alpha character used in commands b 9 the beginning of a block delimiter 5 232 Interface 6 Careful use of terminating sequence will enable the user to transfer multiple file blocks sequentially via RS 232C The 9100 behavior when receiving a file in format from RS232 can be summarized as follows At the end of a block In the middle of a block If the next two characters are 1 another block is accepted If the next one or two characters are the defined terminating sequence the file is closed normally If the next character is but the subsequent character is not L an error code is generated The file is not saved If the next character is the first of a two character termination sequence but the subsequent character is not the second character of the termination sequence an error code is generated The file is not saved If the next one or two characters are the defined termination sequence the file is closed normally An error code is generated indicating that the block was shorter than expected If the next character is the first character of a two character termination sequence but the subsequent character is not the second character of the termination sequence an error code 15 generated The file is not saved If the next character is not part of the termination sequence and is not a valid hex digit 0 through 9 a
83. 0 CALL IBWRT AFG COMMS write string COMMS to the AFG 480 ENDSample BASICA program for transferring a setup file The STORE is the command that will cause the setup file to be stored in the generator s file storage area RAM Disk The TESTPROG SET is the file name with the SET identifying it as a setup file The 1 identifies the type of block transfer that is to occur Note that none of these items are a part of the Setup file It is the rest of the data that is the Setup file NOTE The end shown is not GPIB END it is the end required to close the file The setup file above once in the 9100 RAM memory would be executed with the command SETUP TESTPROG SET A Sequence File like a Setup File can be executed by the LeCroy 9100 simply by invoking the filename However unlike a Setup file a Sequence file can contain Setup files nested within the Sequence file itself In this respect a Sequence is really a more global file type than a Setup file The Sequence file can contain any valid 9100 GPIB command also a WAIT Operating Over the GPIB 5 statement It can even include Setup files An example of a Sequence file follows 160 FOR THIS EXAMPLE THE NAME OF THE FILE IS TESTPROG SEQ A SEQUENCE FILE 170 180 NAM TESTPROG SEQ 190 i 310 THE FIRST 2 BYTES OF ALL SETUP AND SEQUENCE FILES ARE 1 320 330 340 i 350 THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS ARE A SEQUENCE FILE THAT ABORTS THE
84. 00 to produce a sequence of different waveforms in response to a series of asynchronous external triggers with as little as 70 nsec delay from trigger to the next waveform The trigger may also be supplied by the TRIG command but the response will be slower In either case the response is much faster than could be achieved if a sequence of LOAD and LINK commands had to be executed to change the waveform In other trigger modes other possibly useful effects are obtained The following description of timing relationships details the operation of the SYNC START and MARKER outputs how they relate to the waveform output s and how they change with the selected triggering mode For purposes of this discussion the unit of timing will be the waveform point i e clock period in order to provide an understanding of how the timing of these signals may vary with the clock At high clock rates in excess of 10 MHz the signal timing may appear somewhat different due to asynchronous e g propagation delays Unless otherwise noted MARKER output timing is the same as START output timing but is programmed using the MARKER DELAY command rather than the TRIGGER DELAY command Timing will als vary depending on whether a single channel or dual channel waveform is being generated Delay values for dual channel operation will be given in parentheses following the single channel value Single After the GO command is issued the first point s of
85. 00 REL TRFR is increased by 100 Hz Returns current setting 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function TRIANGLE PHASE TRIP This command sets the starting point of the Channel 1 triangle wave Unlike SINE 1 PHASE but like RAMP PHASE and SQUARE PHASE this command s first argument is not in degrees but is in time from 0 to period NOTE If TMOD is DUAL this will affect the starting phase of Channel 2 also see TRRP for more information This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT TRIANGLE PHASE arg arg2 TRIP arg arg2 TRIANGLE PHASE TRIP VALID ARGUMENTS argl number representing the time offset into the wave from 0 to the period or INC or DEC arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 0 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRIP 40ns Sets triangle phase to 40 nsec which means the wave begins at the point which is 40 nsec after the lowest value If a standard function triangle wave is being output this takes effect immediately TRIP 10E 9 REL TRIP is increased by 10 nsec TRIP Returns the current setting 5 84 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function TRIANGLE RELATIVE PHASE TRRP Sets standard function triangle wave Channel 2 starting phase in time relative to Channel 1 This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT TRIANGLE RELATIVE PHASE arg1 arg2 TRRP 2 TRIANGLE
86. 1 No query form of this command 2 Over RS 232 waveform files are sent in L format Operating Over the GPIB 5 File Handling SEQUENCE SEQ This command causes the named Sequence file to execute A Sequence file can contain most valid 9100 specific GPIB commands including the Setup and Sequence but not NEXT or any query Setup Sequence files can be nested to a depth of five The last command in a sequence file must be END All commands within a sequence file should be terminated with a semicolon lt gt FORMAT SEQUENCE arg VALID ARGUMENTS Any 8 character or less file name with the SEQ extension EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SEQUENCE ANYFILE SEQ Initiates a sequence file in the 9100 SEQ ANYFILE SEQ NOTES 1 After execution of a sequence or setup file the query command END can be used to determine which line starting at 1 was the last fetched from each of the possibly up to five levels of nested sequence file when execution ended The individual commands in sequence do not generate complete status The NEXT command from GPIB does generate op complete status While the 9100 is executing a sequence file it will not parse other GPIB commands the immediate action command ESC S may be used instead of STB to read the status bytes while a sequence is in progress See Table 5 3 es 4 The immediate action command ESC A will abort sequence setup file
87. 109 provides 470 Q internal pulldown resistors at the ECL output drivers The ECL outputs need to be terminated at the load side of the cable Use of Twist N Flat cable is required normal flat cables will cause excessive crosstalk and reflections The most optimum interconnection would be to utilize ECL line receivers at the receiver end of the twisted pair cable Termination is easily done with a 100 1 resistor across the differential outputs at the receive end See Figure 7 2 The necessary pull down current will be supplied by the internal 470 Q pulldown resistors This scheme provides the best common mode rejection between the 9109 and the receiving system Even without differential line receivers it is practical to differentially terminate the twisted pair with a 100 Q resistor across the twisted pairs and to use one of the two differential signals single endedly Figure 7 2 Use caution with single ended receipt of the signal since there will be reduced noise immunity only short cable runs where it is certain that there are not ground loop problems should be tried single endedly Another method of termination would be to provide 51 56 Q resistors to 2 V on both sides of the differential cable Figure 7 2 Note that both sides of the twisted pair should be terminated even if only one is to be used If 2 V is not available a Thevenin equivalent made by 82 resistor to ground and 130 0 1 4 W recommended resistor to 5 2
88. 23 years non rechargable Lithium cells Minimum Waveform Length Nonlinked waveform segment no looping 8 points 4 points for each channel in dual mode linked waveforms Single channel operation 72 points Dual channel operation 36 points for each channel Waveform Length Resolution Single channel operation 8 point blocks Dual channel operation 4 point blocks Waveform Loop Counter One counter per linked waveform maximum repetitions 4095 Protection Waveform outputs are protected against applied voltages to 40 V If an externally applied overvoltage condi tion is detected the output relay is opened the LED for that channel is flashed and if enabled an SRQ is generated on the GPIB The condition can be cleared by reconnecting the chan nel s output Waveform Outputs Output impedance 50 Timing Outputs Output impedance 50 source 1 5 V peak into 50 approximately 75 nsec duration Time Marker Output Settable from two up to one million clock cycles referenced to the trigger point Sync Output Occurs at the next Sample Clock edge after receiving a trigger Waveform Start Output Occurs at the start of the waveform Clock Outputs 0 to 0 8 V into 50 Q Approximately square wave Present in all modes including External Clock Protection The maximum input voltage level for all inputs should not exceed 5 V External Gate Trigger Input Impedance 50 Sum Input Impedanc
89. 8 Trigger Commands 5 16 Trigger Delay 3 25 Trigger Modes 4 38 TSTB 5 108 timebase 4 34 0 Unpacking and Inspection 1 1 Using RS 232 6 2 V VIEW 4 10 4 45 VIEW 5 103 Voltage Selection 3 1 W Warranty 1 1 Waveform Generation 2 2 Waveform Generator Circuit 2 5 WIDTH 4 30 waveform data memory 3 8 waveform file formats 3 5 Z REF 4 32 Zero Ref 3 12 c e agr LeCroy Innovators in Instrumentation Corporate Headquarters 700 Chestnut Ridge Road Chestnut Ridge NY 10977 6499 Tel 914 578 6020 Fax 914 578 5981 European Headquarters 2 chemin Pre de la Fontaine Box 341 CH 1217 Meyrin 1 Geneva Switzerland Tel 022 719 2111 Fax 022 782 3915 Copyright April 1993 LeCroy All rights reserved Information in this publication supersedes all earlier versions Specifications subject to change
90. 9101 Control Panel VIEW is 13 pages for a 9101 instead of 17 pages This is because there are no channel 2 settings Control Panel Selecting Attributes of a Standard Function of the standard function attribute menus have two lines on a 9101 instead of four lines as shown The MODE and channel 2 relative phase or start time lines are missing For example the Standard Sine attribute menu Figure 4 17 is FREQUENCY CH1 PHASE The Standard DC function has no selectable items on its attribute menu in a 9101 The standard DC attribute menu is simply DC S The third screen should not have the SOU MODE or C2 REL ST lines Add 210 Warning channel 2 command to 9101 All commands beginning CH2 or C2 and the SUM MODE or SUM command are not applicable to the 9101 The commands SINE MODE SINE CH2 PHASE SQUARE MODE SQUARE RELATIVE PHASE TRIANGLE MODE TRIANGLE RELATIVE PHASE RAMP MODE RAMP RELATIVE PHASE and DC MODE are not applicable to the 9101 This page is not applicable to the 9101 This page is not applicable to the 9101 o Model 9101 9 5 75 SC2P This page is not applicable to the 9101 5 77 SOMD This page is not applicable to the 9101 5 80 SORP This page is not applicable to the 9101 5 82 TRIM This page is not applicable to the 9101 5 85 TRRP This page is not applicable to the 9101 5 87 RMOD This page is not applicable to the 9101 5 90 RPRP This page is not a
91. AVE WAV and 1000 are parameters arguments Command parameters can be one of two types Decimal Numeric Any integer floating point or exponential value Valid characters are 0 through 9 E 4 lt gt and the decimal point lt gt Spaces are allowed between the E 3 5 Operating Over the GPIB General Rules and the digits This means the 9100 will accept numbers in NR1 NR2 NR3 representations as defined by IEEE 728 Character Some commands require alpha arguments such as ON OFF or file names These arguments are ASCII strings that start with an alpha character and are followed by alphanumeric characters A through Z and 0 through 9 All other characters are not allowed such as Space lt SP gt lt gt lt gt lt gt underscore lt _ gt or delete lt DEL gt The general rules of command format are as follows The generator sends and receives command messages in standard ASCII code unless otherwise noted It sends and receives block transfers any of the forms A I or L file transfers are block transfers The generator is not case sensitive It responds equally to upper and lower case alpha characters A delimiter is required between a command header and its parameter and between parameters Delimiters are space comma equals and backslash The 9100 converts to space and then converts groups of one or more spaces to a single comma and converts c
92. AVE mode uses the signal on the CLOCK IN EXT rear panel BNC connector as its clock This signal is assumed to come from the CLOCK OUT 2 rear panel BNC connector of another 9100 which is in CLOCK MODE MASTER NOTE CLOCK QUT 1 provides continuous output at the clock frequency Only CLOCK QUT 2 is suitable for MASTER SLAVE operation Upon entering slave mode CLOCK SOURCE defaults to EXTERNAL CLOCK SLOPE defaults to positive and CLOCK LEVEL defaults to 200 mV The previous settings are restored upon receipt of a CLOCK MODE MASTER command While in slave mode the CLOCK SOURCE CLOCK SLOPE cannot be changed CLOCK LEVEL can be changed Also while a unit is in slave mode TRIGGER MODE settings have no effect The trigger delay is controlled by the absence of clock pulses from the master 9100 Trigger settings entered while in SLAVE mode will correctly take effect when the clock mode is changed to MASTER Other commands that have no effect in SLAVE mode are CRAT CPER MDEL DMOD To use two 9100 s in master slave operation do the following 1 Set one of the 9100 s to clock mode slave and connect a cable from the master s CLOCK OUT 2 to the slave s CLOCK IN EXT 2 LOAD and LINK the desired waveforms on both 9100s 3 Issue GO to the slave 4 Issue GO to the master NOTE Steps 3 and 4 must be done in that order time the master aborts waveform generation whether because of an ABORT command or because of a c
93. Analog output by 1 clock period 3 nsec 43 nsec Digital Clock to Digital Data 3 5 nsec typical 9109 7 Hold Time Provided 2 0 nsec min Setup Time Provided 3 0 nsec min at 80 Megabytes second typically Setup time sample period hold time transition time Data to Data Skew Time 40 8 nsec max within each channel s data byte Clock to Clock Skew 1 5 nsec Channel to Channel Skew Clock 1 6 nsec Data to Data Skew Time 1 1 6 nsec for any data line to data line Channel 2 precedes Channel 1 typically Risetime 5 nsec max 2020 8090 Falltime 3 5 nsec max 2090 8090 Both risetime and falltime measured 2090 8090 after 3 ft of Twist N Flat cable Loading at termination is two LSTTL data inputs plus a probe loading of 5 in parallel with 2pF Logic Levels TTL Mode V high min 42 7 Volts at 1 mA V low max 40 75 Volts at 3 2 mA Absolute max externally applied voltages 5 5 V 0 5V Timing Mixed Mode TTL to ECL Clock TTL to Clock ECL 1 nsec 1 5 nsec ECL precedes TTL Data TTL to Data ECL 2 nsec 2 2 nsec ECL precedes TTL Maximum Data Rates ECL mode 200 Msample sec NRZ with lt 3 feet Twist N Flat cable differentially terminated with 56 to 2 V on each leg of differential signal clock received differentially Mode gt 80 M sample per second NRZ with lt 3 feet of Twist N Flat cable no termination with 1 TTL LS or equivalent load singl
94. C board from the top 9 On both the left and right sides of the printed circuit board cage there are locking plates secured with Phillips head screws Slightly loosen both locking plates and slide them outward 10 The 9100 22 printed circuit board the second from the top can now be removed from the printed circuit board cage 11 At the left side of the 9100 22 PC board two 24 conductor flat cables go off to the front panel The location of the 24 pin DIP connector on the 9100 22 determines the logic type of the Digital Output The location nearer the front panel 7 5 7 Model 9109 INTERCONNECTION INFORMATION 7 6 J3 or J4 will produce TTL outputs while the more rearward J1 or J2 sockets will provide ECL outputs Move verify the DIP connector position for channel 1 and then for channel 2 12 Insert the 9100 22 PC board fully into the card cage Give the open cage a quick examination for any hanging cable ends which would could cause a short and then for a quick test turn on the AC power switch of the 9109 Carefully check which LED s are lit within the Digital Output area of the front panel Turn the AC power off If the LED s correctly indicated the configuration that was desired go to step 13 Otherwise recheck the position of the flat cables on the 9100 22 PC board NOTE If none of the four LED s was lit it is likely that the cables for channel 1 and channel 2 are reversed 13 The 9109 can be reassembled by
95. D PER or DELAY DEL attribute When F2 DC is selected on the second page of the Standard Function Submenu the Standard DC Attribute Submenu is displayed Figure 4 28 Channel 1 Waveform Attribute Menus Control Panel Operation 4 F1 DC MODE SING Standard Pulse Attribute Submenu Figure 4 28 Where DC MODE F1 selects whether the DC function is to be output as a SINGLE SING or DUAL waveform The SINGLE waveform is output on Channel 1 only the DUAL waveform on both Channels 1 and 2 NOTE The standard DC waveform is loaded with a DAC code of 128 which is centered between the 0 to 255 amplitude limits If the channel s Zref is also 128 then the OFFSET voltage is exactly the Output voltage of the standard DC mode If Zref is not 128 default Zref 127 5 then the level of the DC signal will be affected by both AMPLITUDE and OFFSET changes Pressing the CHAN 1 key on the 9100 CP will result in display of the first of three pages in the Channel 1 main menu Figure 4 29 F1 C1 AMP F2 OFFSET F3 ZREF F4 OUTPUT First Page of Channel 1 Main Menu Figure 4 29 Where C1 AMP F1 selects the next submenu which allows setting the amplitude of the Channel 1 waveform in units of mV or V Range is 10 V p p with 50 termination 20 V p p open circuit Minimum amplitude is 5 mV into 50 0 10 mV open circuit 4 31 4 Control Panel Operation 4 32 OFFSET gt F2
96. For all LeCroy products in need of repair after the warranty period the customer must provide a Purchase Order Number before any inoperative equipment can be repaired or replaced The customer will be billed for the parts and labor for the re pair as well as for shipping All products returned for repair should be identified by the model and serial numbers and include a description of the de fect or failure name and phone number of the user In the case of products returned a Return Authorization Number is required and may be obtained by contacting the Customer Serv ice Department in your area New York Corporate Headquarters 914 425 2000 or East Coast Regional Service 914 578 6059 New Hampshire 603 627 6303 Virginia 703 368 1033 New Mexico 505 293 8100 California 415 463 2600 1 3 9100 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 9100 9101 9109 9100R 9100 CP 9100 SW 9100GPIB2 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION The LeCroy 9100 Series Arbitrary Function Generators AFG are high performance ATE or benchtop instruments which can generate either standard or user defined complex waveforms with unparalleled point to point resolution They are fully pro grammable via either GPIB or RS 232 Waveform creation and editing software is offered for PC DOS compatible computers The products in the 9100 Series are 9100 high speed dual channel Arbitrary Function Generator 9101 high speed single channel Aribitrary Function Generator 9109 high
97. G IBCLR IBPCT IBSIC IBLOC IBPPC IBBNA IBONL IBRSC IBSRE IBRSV IBPAD IBSAD IBIST IBDMA IBEOS IBTMO IBEOT IBRDF IBWRTF IBTRAP 30 CALL IBINIT2 IBGTS IBCAC IBWAIT IBPOKE IBWRT IBWRTA IBCMD IBCMDA IBRD IBRDA IBSTOP IBRPP IBRSP IBDIAG IBXTRC IBRDI IBWRTI 10 17 1 0 9100 RT IBRDIA IBWRTIA IB STA IBERR IBCNT 404 DEVICE 50 BDNAME DEVI 60 CALL IBFIND BDNAME AFG 70 1F IBSTA lt 0 THEN STOP 7B TL ENTER LINK SEQUENCE 80 C SETUP 5 0 5 LOAD NULL WAV 1 Z LINK PSKO WAV 1 JZ LINK PSK1 WAV 1 JZ 90 CALL IBWRT 100 IF IBSTA96 0 THEN STOP 105 110 MODE FIFO SOURCE INTERNAL GO 120 CALL IBWRT 130 IF IBSTA96 0 THEN STOP e 140 LOAD FIFO BASED ON OPERATOR ENTERED DATA 160 CLS 170 PRINT TYPE 1 OR 0 ON THE KEYBOARD Q TO EXIT PROGRAM 180 K 2INPUT 1 190 IF K 1 THEN C FIFO LOAD 9 14 200 IF K 0 THEN LOAD 1 1 210 IF K Q OR K q THEN GOTO 260 220 IF K 1 AND K 0 THEN GOTO 160 230 CALLIBWRT AFG C 240 IF IBSTA lt 0 THEN STOP 950 GOTO 160 260 END The program uses National Instruments software drivers for the GPIB which are loaded in program 5 through 20 GPIB commands for AFG are contained in the string variable C These are output to the AFG via the
98. H1_ZERO_REFERENCE which will also parse correctly as a command if COMM_HDR LONG 5 51 5 Operating Over the GPIB Channel Parameter Command EXTERNAL SUM XSUM This command when turned on causes the signal present on the SUM CH1 connector to be summed into CH1 The output is present on the CH1 output connector FORMAT EXTERNAL SUM arg XSUM arg VALID ARGUMENTS The words ON OFF DEFAULTS Power up OFF EXAMPLE COMMANDS XSUM ON XSUM OFF 5 52 COMMENTS Operating Over the GPIB 5 Channel Parameter Command SUM MODE SUM This command when turned on causes the output relay of CH2 to be turned OFF and CH1 to be turned on The CH2 waveform is diverted to CH1 where it is summed into the CH1 waveform This command can be executed only if a dual WAD waveform has been loaded into HSM Otherwise an error will be generated When turned off the summing connection is broken and CH1 and 2 are restored to the state they were in when SUM was turned on FORMAT SUM MODE arg SUM arg VALID ARGUMENTS The words ON OFF DEFAULTS Power up OFF EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SUM MODE ON The CH2 waveform is summed SUM ON into the CH1 waveform SUM_MODE OFF Summing connection to CH1 from CH2 is broken The waveforms are not summed together FRONT PANEL CONTROL INDICATORS SUM 1 2 INDICATOR ON if SUM ON NOTES 1 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings
99. It then waits for receipt of a trigger from any one of the enabled sources While waiting for a trigger the first data point in the waveform is being output Upon receipt of a trigger a pulse is output from the SYNC connector the output is actually issued on the 2nd positive clock edge after receipt of trigger Then the generator waits a programmed number of clock cycles called the TRIG DELAY At the end of the TRIG DELAY a pulse is generated at the START output on the front panel The generator then outputs the loaded waveform and stops output holding the last point if ARM SOURCE BUS In this case the output will remain at the last point until an ARM command is received After the ARM command is detected the output changes to the first point of the waveform and remains in that state until a trigger is 3 Operations received If however ARM SOURCE AUTO the default condition the last point will only be held for the rearm time and then the output will switch back to the first point automatically and the unit will be ready to accept a trigger Command TRIG_MODE SINGLE 3 Burst triggered This is a multiple sweep triggered mode It operates identically to the SINGLE mode except that it will output the programmed number of sweeps of the waveform instead of just a single sweep Command TRIG_MODE BURST lt number of sweeps gt 4 Recurrent This is basically a BURST mode with automatic retriggering It is a free runnin
100. L message whether addressed not Receiving the Trigger Message If addressed to listen the generator responds equally to the device specific TRIGGER command or to the Group Execute Trigger message GET In either case it causes the generator if in the Single or Burst mode the trigger is Armed and the Bus Trigger Source is ON to execute the programmed waveform Receiving the Remote Message The remote message has two parts First the Remote Enable bus control line REN is held true then the device listen address is sent by the controller These two actions combine to place the generator in the Remote mode The generator must be addressed as a listener before it can start accepting remote messages No instrument settings are changed by the transition from Local to Remote Receiving the Local Message If the generator is addressed to listen the Go To Local GTL message is used to return it to the Local Mode Also if the instrument is not in the Remote With Lock Out State pressing the LOCAL button on the Optional Control Panel will return it to Local Mode Receiving the Local Lockout and Clear Local Lockout Set Local Messages Receiving Local Lockout If the instrument is in remote and has been addressed as a listener it will enter the Remote With Lock Out State when it receives the Local Lock Out LLO message with ATN true Clearing Local Lock Out The generator will exit the Remote With Lock Out State and enter
101. L 5 63 o TRIGGER MODE 5 64 TRIGGER SLOPE 5 65 TRIGGER SOURCE 5 66 Standard Function Commands STANDARD 5 68 SINE 5 69 SINE MODE 5 70 SINE FREQUENCY 5 71 SINE PHASE 5 72 SINE PHASE 5 73 SQUARE 5 74 SQUARE_MODE 5 75 SQUARE_FREQUENCY 5 76 SQUARE PHASE 5 77 SQUARE RELATIVE PHASE 5 78 TRIANGLE 5 79 TRIANGLE MODE 5 80 TRIANGLE FREQUENCY 5 81 TRIANGLE PHASE 5 89 TRIANGLE RELATIVE PHASE 5 88 RAMP 5 84 RAMP MODE 5 85 PERIOD 5 86 PHASE 5 87 TABLE CONTENTS RAMP RELATIVE PHASE 5 88 PULSE 5 89 PULSE WIDTH 5 90 PULSE PERIOD 5 91 PULSE DELAY 5 92 PULSE OPTIMIZE 5 93 DC 5 94 DC MODE 5 95 Query Commands ACTIVE FILES 5 96 FUNCTION 5 97 EXIST 5 98 DIRECTORY 5 99 IDENTIFY 5 101 MEMORY 5 102 VIEW 5 103 Communication Commands COMM_FORMAT 5 105 COMM HEADER 5 106 MASK 5 107 STB 5 108 TSTB 5 109 COMMAND SUMMARY 5 110 Figure 5 1 Heirarchical Structure Of The 9100 Status Bytes 5 9 Table 5 1 Status Byte Bit Assignments 5 10 Table 5 2 Error Codes 5 11 Table 5 3 9100 GPIB Acronyms 5 14 6 RS 232 Interface Selecting the RS 232C Interface 6 1 Configuring the RS 232C Interface 6 1 Using RS 232 6 2 Typical RS 232C Dialog 6 3 RS 232 Commands COMM RS CONF 6 4 COMM PROMPT 6 6 COMM RS SRQ 6 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS 7 Model 9109 General Description 7 1 High Speed Memory 7 1 Digital Output Specifications 7 1 Reconfiguring the Digital Outp
102. MIZE POPT Ask the 9100 to achieve highest accuracy on pulse WIDTH pulse PERIOD or pulse DELAY DC Select DC as the current standard function DC MODE DCMD Select single or dual channel DC level generation 5 115 5 Operating Over the GPIB QUERY COMMANDS ACTIVE_FILES AFIL DIRECTORY DIR EXIST EXIS FUNCTION FUNC MEMORY MEM IDENTIFY ID VIEW 5 116 A query command which causes the names of all the currently active files to be returned A query command which causes the names of all files to be returned A query command which causes the AFG to indicate whether a file exists and if so the file length A query command which returns either ARBITRARY or STANDARD or the current standard function A query command causes the AFG to return a number indicating the amount of free memory Causes the generator to return its bus address model number and SW version Returns all current 9100 settings in exactly the same form displayed on the 9100 CP hand held control panel The messages are in a form which may be returned to the 9100 as program messages 6 OPERATING OVER THE RS 232C INTERFACE Selecting the RS 232C Interface Configuring the RS 232C Interface 5 232 The 9100 responds to one interface at time The currently active interface is also called the communications source or COMM SOURCE Switch 3 on the GPIB switch block determines which interface is the
103. NK 5 1 10 15 0 9100 RT FIFO MODE ON FIFO SOURCE EXTERNAL FIFO CLEAR GO END This file is transferred to the AFG and executed In the absence of a FIFO input the AFG output waveform will consist of PSK0 WAV followed by PSK1 WAV Data was supplied to the Real Time Port from the digital outputs of a 9112 AFG Data consisted of a random 1 bit data pattern applied to the least significant bit 00 of the Real Time Port The write clock D15 was also supplied by the 9112 as shown below Wave edit Mode cLear Array Block Constant equation simple logic all actions elements channels bit 8 Cursor 8 8 888 32768 7 638 uU pehak K AA IAM IR ZA L EE LR A EE EE End The resultant AFG output consisted of random PSK data segments shown in the oscilloscope plot below 10 16 10 WA 252 Waveform Selection Using BASICA The final example uses the same waveform segments but this time the selection of the desired segment is made by pressing a key on a computer keyboard This example was implemented by using direct GPIB commands to the AFG from BASICA instead of using a sequence file The program for accomplishing this is shown below 5 GPIB DRIVERS 10 CLEAR 60000 IBINIT1 60000 IBINIT2 IBINIT1 3 BLOAD bib m IBINITI 90 CALL IBINIT1 IBFIND IBTR
104. OCK period to 9 012 msec NOTES 1 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings Only 4 digits are returned 2 CLOCK_RATE may be entered if preferred 3 CLOCK PERIOD not applicable if CLOCK SOURCE is external 5 Operating Over the GPIB Timebase Commands CLOCK REFERENCE CREF This command selects internal or external 4 MHz phase lock loop reference for the 9100 s internal clock generation circuitry This permits multiple 9100s to run at different clock frequencies and still be phase locked NOTE Do not set CREF EXT unless a 4 MHz signal is present at the reference input or improper operation will result This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT CLOCK REFERENCE arg CREF arg CLOCK REFERENCE CREF VALID ARGUMENTS INT INTERNAL EXT EXTERNAL DEFAULT INTERNAL EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS CREF INT Select internal clock reference REAR PANEL CONTROL External reference must be supplied if selected NOTES 1 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 2 WARNING Setting CLOCK REFERENCE EXTERNAL and failure to supply EXTERNAL REFERENCE will result in erroneous values for RATE and CLOCK PERIOD 5 60 Operating Over the GPIB 5 TRIGGER COMMANDS Trigger Commands DELAY MODE DMOD This commands determines whether TRIGGER DELAY and MARKER DELAY will be set in either POINTS or TIME In Standard Function mode tbe delay
105. ONTROLLING THE ARBITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR WITH THE 9100 CP Steps to be Taken in Executing Waveforms 4 22 When controlling the Model 9100 with the 9100 CP waveform execution is accomplished in four steps waveform selection loading the waveform into high speed memory specification of waveform attributes and trigger parameters and execution Selection The 9100 CP by means of the menus accessed by pressing its FUNC key can select from any of six standard waveforms or from arbitrary waveforms downloaded to the Model 9100 s RAM disk memory The 9100 CP cannot be used to create arbitrary waveforms Nor can it be used to command the Model 9100 to replicate waveforms measured from other sources by LeCroy oscilloscopes These operations can however be performed from a computer using EASYWAVE software Loading and Linking the Waveform into High Speed Memory Just because a waveform is selected does not mean it is executed First it must be loaded into high speed memory Pressing the LOAD key loads an arbitrary waveform that has been selected Standard waveforms are automatically loaded when they are selected Arbitrary waveforms can also be chained together Pressing the LINK key will link an arbitrary waveform to arbitrary waveforms that are already loaded or linked NOTE To enter a link with wait command from the 9100 CP hand held control panel press the TRIG button instead of the ENTER button after entering th
106. OPERATOR S MANUAL MODEL 9100 SERIES April 1993 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 General Information Purpose 1 1 Unpacking and Inspection 1 1 Warranty 1 1 Product Assistance 1 2 Maintenance Agreements 1 2 Documentation Discrepancies 1 2 Software Licensing Agreement 1 2 Service Procedure 1 3 2 Product Description 9100 System Description 2 1 9100 Waveform Generation Concept 2 9 9100 Architecture 2 3 Front Panel Controls Connections and Indicators 2 11 Rear Panel Controls and Connections 2 13 Specifications 2 15 3 Operations Preparation For Use 3 1 Standard Functions 3 3 Arbitrary Waveforms and File Conventions 3 4 Defining An Arbitrary Waveform In Terms Of A Waveform File 3 5 Transferring Waveform Data Files Into the AFG RAM Disk Via GPIB 3 6 Loading Waveform Files From RAM Disk Into the Waveform Generator Circuit 3 9 Control Settings Summary amplitude clock 3 12 Specifying How the Data Values Are Converted to Voltage Levels 3 13 Specifying Time Per Point 3 14 Specifying The Trigger Mode 3 14 Specifying the Trigger Delay 3 27 Specifying External Triggering 3 27 Using the Filters to Smooth the Waveform 3 27 Disconnecting the Output While the Generator is Running 3 28 Inverting Channel 1 or 2 3 28 Summing Channel 1 and Channel 2 Signals 3 28 Using the External Sum Input 3 28 Using External Clock Reference 3 29 Using an External Clock Source 3 29 Synchronizing with Another 9100 Series
107. Panel Operation 4 Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Sine Function Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Square Function When F1 SINE is selected on the Standard Function Submenu the Standard Sine Attribute Submenu is displayed Figure 4 23 F1 SINE MODE lt SING F2 FREQUENCY gt F3 C1 PHASE F4 C2 REL PH Standard Attribute Submenu Figure 4 23 Where SINE MODE F1 selects whether the sine function is to be output as a SINGLE SING or DUAL waveform The SINGLE waveform is output on Channel 1 only the DUAL waveform on both Channels 1 and 2 FREQUENCY F2 selects a submenu from which the frequency of the generated sine wave may be set In SINGLE mode the allowed frequency range is 0 010 25 0E 6 Hz in DUAL mode the allowed range is 0 010 25 0 6 Hz both channels have the same frequency Units can be Hz kHz or MHz C1 PHASE gt F3 selects a submenu from which the start phase of the Channel 1 sine waveform may be set in degrees from 0 0 360 If SINE MODE is dual Channel 275 start phase will be identical to Channel 1 s unless further action is taken C2 REL PH gt F4 selects a submenu from which the start phase of the Channel 2 sine waveform relative to the Channel 1 waveform may be set in degrees from 0 0 360 Note that Channel 2 leads Channel 1 by the number of degrees specified C2 REL PH has no meaning in SINE_MODE SINGLE WHEN F2 SQUARE is se
108. RAMETER COMMANDS CH1 AMPLITUDE C1A CH2 AMPLITUDE C2A CH1 FILTER 1 CH2 FILTER C2F INVERT 11 CH2 INVERT 21 OFFSET C10 OFFSET C20 CH1 OUTPUT CiP CH2 OUTPUT C2P ZERO REF 12 CH2 ZERO REF 22 EXTERNAL SUM XSUM SUM MODE SUM Section 4 TIMEBASE COMMANDS CLOCK LEVEL CLEV CLOCK MODE CMOD CLOCK PERIOD CPER CLOCK RATE CRAT CLOCK REFERENCE CREF CLOCK SLOPE CSLO SOURCE CSOU Section 5 TRIGGER COMMANDS DELAY MODE DMOD MARKER DELAY MDEL o ARM SOURCE TAS TRIG DELAY TDEL LEVEL TLEV TRIG SLOPE TSLO TRIG MODE TMOD TRIG SOURCE TSOU Section 6 STANDARD FUNCTION COMMANDS STANDARD STAN SINE SINE SINE MODE SMOD SINE FREQUENCY SIFR SINE PHASE SC1P SINE PHASE SC2P SQUARE SQU SQUARE MODE SQMD SQUARE FREQUENCY SQFR SQUARE PHASE SQUP SQUARE RELATIVE PHASE SQRP TRIANGLE TRI TRIANGLE FREQUENCY TRFR TRIANGLE MODE TRIM TRIANGLE PHASE TRIP TRIANGLE RELATIVE PHASE TRRP RAMP RAMP Operating Over the GPIB 5 MODE RMOD PERIOD RPER RAMP PHASE RMPP RAMP RELATIVE PHASE RPRP PULSE PUL PULSE WIDTH PWID PULSE PERIOD PPER PULSE DELAY PDEL PULSE OPTIMIZE POPT DC DC DC MODE DCMD Section 7 QUERY TYPE COMMANDS ACTIVE FILES AFIL DIRECTORY DIR EXIST EXIS FUNCTION FUNC IDENTIFY ID MEMORY MEM VIE
109. RELATIVE PHASE TRRP VALID ARGUMENTS argi number from 0 to period or INC or DEC arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 0 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRRP 100nsec All points in Channel 2 s triangle wave will precede the corresponding points in Channel 1 by 100 nsec If a standard function triangle wave is being output this takes effect immediately 10nsec REL TRRP is increased by 10 nsec TRRP The current setting is returned NOTES If COMM HDR LONG query responses will be of the form TRI REL PHASE which will also parse correctly as a command 5 85 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function RAMP RAMP This command forces Standard Function mode It selects RAMP as the current standard function If some other standard function was being generated it is aborted After issuing this command issuing GO will cause a ramp to be generated using the current settings FORMAT RAMP EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS Select RAMP as the currrent standard function QUERY RESPONSES Use FUNCTION to determine the current function o Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function RAMP MODE RMOD Select single or dual channel ramp wave generation This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT RAMP MODE arg RMOD arg RAMP MODE RMOD VALID ARGUMENTS SINGLE SING DUAL e DEFAULT Power up SINGLE EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS RMOD SING Select s
110. STATE OF THE ARBITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR Identifying Which Files Active Control Panel Operation 4 Parameters for standard waveforms are automatically loaded as they are entered Standard waveforms cannot however be linked to other standard waveforms or to arbitrary waveforms In the event that standard waveform linking is desirable the AFG must be returned to remote mode where the waveform to be linked can be created as an arbitrary waveform Once created such a waveform can be linked as described above The 9100 CP executes loaded and linked waveforms when the GO key is pressed At that time the 9100 CP screen will say R in the last position of the 4th line to indicate that the waveform has been executed If a waveform has not been loaded execution will not occur and the screen will say NO WAVEFORM LOADED Press the BACK key to return to previous screen Press any other key to continue after execution commences To stop execution press SHIFT and ABORT The screen will say S in the last position of the 4th line and the execution will cease You can then press any 9100 CP key to continue Aborting a waveform does not effect any attributes or files except outputs are disconnected and waveform active LED will extinguish The waveform can be reinitiated by simply pressing GO If the 9100 Series AFG is executing a single or dual waveform of unknown specifications the 9100 CP can be used to identify tho
111. Single or dual channel 8 bits Channels summed 9 or more bits depending on wave shape filtering offset requirements Total Harmonic Distortion 50 dBc for output frequency of 1 MHz or less lt 35 dBc 10 MHz Typically lt 38 dBc 0 10 MHz for output levels 5V p p Spurious and non harmonic distortion 65 dBc f 1 MHz 60 dBc f gt 1 MHz excluding the band within 1 kHz of carrier Intermodulation distortion Two tone intermodulation CH1 10 MHz 1 V p p CH2 10 25 MHz 1 V p p summed mode typical 58 3rd order 70 dBc 5th order Signal to Noise Ratio Full Scale Amplitude S N 75 mV or greater gt 45 dB 30 mV 40 dB 5 mV 25 dB S N specified at 0 V offset sum mode off Maximum Output Voltage 10 V p p 5 V into 50 20 V p p into high impedance Minimum Output Voltage 5 mV p p into 50 Q Risetime 5 nsec 10 to 90 no filter Overshoot and Ringing 5 of p p amplitude maximum 3 of p p amplitude typical Settling Time 20 nsec to 396 for 5 V transition including risetime filters off Offset Individually programmable for each channel Offset Resolution 6 mV steps Offset Accuracy Same as D C accuracy 2 Product Description STANDARD FUNCTIONS WAVEFORMS TIME BASE Clock Rate TRIGGER Modes Maximum Offset Voltage External Load Max Offset V 50 2 5 V Open Circuit 10 V Output Smoothing Built in filters with programmable cutoff freq
112. TB 1 except for bit 7 which is the RQS bit is a summary bit for a group of instrument events If more detail is desired about a particular group of conditions there is a Secondary Status Byte for each bit of the Main Status Byte These Secondary Status Bytes are numbered STB 2 8 By addressing the generator to listen and sending the query STB 2 to 8 lt gt and addressing the generator to talk a single byte of 8 bits will be sent Each bit or combination of bits of that byte will represent a certain instrument event An event is the transition from one state to another state Bits in the above status bytes are set true by a specified event No change in the 9100 condition can clear these bits thus guaranteeing that no events are missed by an application Only the STB command which reads these bytes can clear them MAV message available STB 6 is a condition bit It is set true and false based on the state of the GPIB output buffer In addition to the status bytes described above one additional byte is a condition register Bits in this byte are set true and false by transitions into and out of 9100 states There is no way to write to or clear this byte it always reflects current conditions This byte is readable by the command TSTB 0 Details of the status bytes follow Each Status Byte has a MASK associated with it event is first latched in a secondary status byte If the MASK for that status byte has been set
113. TER SLAVE DEFAULT MASTER EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS CLOCK MODE SLAVE CMOD SLAVE CLOCK_MODE MASTER MASTER QUERY RESPONSE CHDR off MASTER or SLAVE CHDR short CMOD MASTER or CMOD SLAVE CHDR long CLOCK_MODE MASTER or CLOCK MODE SLAVE REAR PANEL CONTROL The MASTER s CLOCK OUT 2 must be connected to the slave s CLOCK IN EXT 5 56 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Time Base Command CLOCK RATE CRAT Sets the internal clock repetition rate in a frequency range from 05 Hz to 200 MHz The new setting can be made relative to the current setting by using the RELATIVE REL argument In that case the number can be preceded by a sign to indicate whether the increment is up or down FORMAT CLOCK RATE 1 arg2 CRAT arg arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS argl number from 05 Hz to 200 MHz with 9 digits of resolution with optional units designator Hz kHz or MHz arg2 the words RELATIVE REL optional DEFAULTS Power up 200 MHz Unspecified command Units Hz not RELATIVE EXAMPLES COMMAND COMMENTS CLOCK_RATE 100 1MHz Sets clock to 100 1 MHz CRAT 100 1MHz NOTES 1 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings Only 4 digits are returned 2 CLOCK PERIOD may be entered if preferred 3 CLOCK_RATE not applicable if CLOCK_SOURCE is external 5 57 5 Operating Over the GPIB Time Base Command CLOCK SLOPE CSLO Selects which edge of th
114. TRIANGLE REL PHASE TRIG SLOPE TRIG SOURCE TEST STATUS BYTE UNSIGNED FIXED UNSIGNED SHORT VIEW SETTINGS WAIT ABORT DEV CLEAR LOCAL NEXT REMOTE STB TRIGGER DISABLE RS 232 XON XOFF HANDSHAKE ENABLE RS 232 XON XOFF HANDSHAKE RS 232 ECHO OFF RS 232 ECHO ON SUBSTB CLEAR REPEAT LAST CMD WAVE SINGLE CH WAVE DUAL CH EXTERNAL SUM Operating Over the GPIB 5 PROGRAMMING COMMANDS SECTION The following is a description of each of the programming commands for the LeCroy 9100 Series Arbitrary Function Generators The command set is divided into eight main categories They are File Handling Commands Action Commands Channel Parameter Commands Timebase Commands Trigger Commands Standard Function Commands Query Type Commands Communication Commands COTA NA 4 C9 t2 gt LeCROY 9100 SERIES COMMAND SET Section 1 FILE HANDLING COMMANDS DELETE DELE END END EXIST see Query Type no short form EXIS recognized LEARN SETUP LEARN LINK LINK LOAD LOAD NEXT NEXT RECALL RCL SETUP SET SEQUENCE SEQ STORE STR WAIT WAIT see Action Type see also ACTIVE FILES AFIL see Query Type DIRECTORY DIR see Query Type MEMORY see Query Type Section 2 ACTION COMMANDS ABORT ABO ARBITRARY ARB ARM ARM CALIBRATE CAL CLEAR CLE GO GO NEXT NEXT SELFTEST SEL STOP STOP TRIGGER TGR 5 Operating Over the GPIB Section 3 CHANNEL PA
115. The clock low time for TTL is intentionally stretched somewhat as compared to the ECL mode This provides increased clocking bandwidth in dual channel mode and allows the 9109 Digital Output Clock to operate reliably above 50 Msample sec while 9109 7 dual channel mode and utilizing the TTL Digital Outputs In both TTL and ECL modes the rising edge of the normal clock output is the active edge In the case of the ECL Outputs the clock and all data outputs are truly differential and are ideally suited to be received by differential line drivers at the termination of the Digital Output cable In the TTL mode the Clock and Clock drivers have some skew and are not truly balanced due to the asymmetry of the TTL drivers The Clock output is primarily provided due to the fact that the negative going edge is certain to be faster and more noise immune than the positive going clock output that is more conventional in the TTL environment Typically the Clock and Clock outputs will not be utilized simultaneously NOTE The TTL clock and Clock outputs are not on adjacent pairs of the output cable In higher noise or more stringent timing situations it may be preferable to use the Clock output rather than the clock output The Digital Outputs are never turned off or tristated and always are active When the 9109 is not actively executing a waveform the Digital Output state is not necessarily initialized and is at an a
116. V may be substituted Figure 7 2 The junction of the resistors appears as a 50 resistance to 2 9109 ECL DISTRIBUTION 9109 RECEIVE SIDE DISTRIBUTION OIFFERENTIAL OHIOS PAIR CABLE EI RECEIVER 9109 RECEIVE SIDE INTERNAL IST 10 105 TWISTED D oe 36000008 LOGIC GATE 5 2 9109 RECEIVE SIDE INTERNAL LINE RECEIVER St 9109 RECEIVE SIDE INTERNAL IOHIO5 DISTRIBUTION 4TO 4TO 5 2 Figure 7 2 LOGIC GATE 130 USINE T TNEVENIN 1 4 SINGLE ENDED MECEIVE SHOWN 5 2 Model 9109 7 7 9 7 Model 9109 APPLICATION INFORMATION Digital Output produces the Digital Data one sample period in advance of the Analog Output For critical timing applications this enables you to remove any data skew added by the distribution cabling This can be done by latching the data at the termination of the cable This requires you to provide appropriate logic latches but will reduce the data skew to that inherent in the latches themselves When this technique is utilized latched Digital Data concurrent with the Analog Output can be realized with great precision The Digital Output data can be used directly Since the Digital Output data is output one sample period in advance of the Analog output there are some points to be aware of When a waveform is loaded and waiting for a trigger such as in single trigger mode the Analog output will be at the first point of the waveform while the Dig
117. Voffset Vamplitude n zref 255 Operations 3 SPECIFYING THE TIME PER POINT SPECIFYING THE TRIGGER MODE Where V n is the voltage output for data value n n is the waveform data value between 0 and 255 Voffset is the programmed offset voltage Vamplitude is the selected amplitude voltage Zref is the selected zero reference point The clock period attribute controls the amount of time each waveform point is output CLOCK PERIOD lt time value with optional units The MODE specifies the overall running mode of the waveform The 9100 has five different trigger modes 1 Continuous On receipt of the GO command the generator outputs the loaded waveform When it reaches the end of the waveform it immediately starts over at the beginning with no interruption between the last point and the first point The generator will continue to cycle the loaded waveform until receipt of an ABORT or STOP A pulse will be output from the START output at the beginning of each cycle The SYNC and MARKER outputs are not available in this mode COMMAND TRIG MODE CONTINUOUS 2 Single triggered This is a single sweep triggered mode In general for each receipt of a trigger the generator will output one sweep of the loaded waveform On receipt of a GO command the generator waits for an ARM command if ARM SOURCE BUS before it proceeds Usually and by default ARM SOURCE AUTO in which case ARM is needed
118. W VIEW e Section 8 COMMUNICATION COMMANDS COMM FORMAT CFMT COMM HEADER CHDR MASK STB TSTB 5 Operating Over the GPIB FILE HANDLING COMMANDS File Structures 5 20 There are four types of files which the generator accepts They are Setup and Sequence Single Waveform and Dual Waveform The structures for these files are described below files are transmitted over the bus in block format waveforms use L formats setup and sequence files use 1 format BLOCKS Blocks are used to transfer waveform files setup files or sequence files to and from the 9100 Block formats except for L are described in the IEEE Std 488 2 1987 Three block formats can be received NOTE For all formats the count and data must be of the same form BLOCK FORMAT A GPIB only binary only no checksum For Binary Transfer Byte Number Byte Value 1 ASCII 2 ASCII uppercase 3 data byte count most significant byte gt 4 data byte count least significant byte 5 data byte 1 6 data byte 2 7 data byte 3 N 4 data byte N gt with EOI if last block Data byte count is an unsigned integer which in this case equals N It contains the number of bytes being transferred in the block In this binary representation there is 1 data value per byte The EOI if sent must be sent with the last byte terminates the file tansfer If EOI is not sent the 9100 will accept ano
119. a parameter delta submenu for the selection on the line number corresponding to that key The parameter delta submenu format is shown in Figure 4 9 F1 PARAMETER NAME VALUE F2 DELTA gt VALUE F3 MORE F4 LESS lt Parameter delta submenu format Figure 4 9 Pressing F2 three times after the display in Figure 4 8 appears for example will produce a submenu in which the four lines are FREQ DELTA MORE and LESS The specific parameter in that instance is the frequency of square waves This is depicted in Figure 4 10 e Control Panel Operation 4 ARBITRARY gt STANDARD gt SETUP gt SEQUENCE gt SQU_MODE lt SING F1 FREQ F2 SOUARE FREQUENCY F2 DELTA gt F3 TRIANGLE C1 START F3 MORE lt C2 REL ST SORS F4 LESS lt SORS Accessing the parameter deltasubmenu for square waves Figure 4 10 The operations and displays pertinent to a parameter delta submenu are summarized in Table 4 2 4 Control Panel Operation Press F1 PARAMETER NAME F2 DELTA Table 4 2 Parameter Delta Submenu Operations Resulting Screen Display 2 line submenu saying PARAMETER PARAMETER jcursor 2 line submenu appears saying DELTA NEW DELTA Ljeursor Parameter delta menu remains on screen and is updated Parameter delta menu remains on screen and is updated Explanation Current value of parameter
120. al WAV files may be LINKED to WAV files or WAD files to WAD files 5 25 5 Operating Over the GPIB FILE HANDLING COMMANDS RENE A UDIN DAD RN GMD DDBNA IGZMIGODBULEEEELELLL LELELLLEEEUST File Handling DELETE DELE Causes the named file to be deleted from the RAM Disk FORMAT DELETE arg DELE arg VALID ARGUMENTS Any valid Setup Sequence or Waveform filename with extension EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS DELETE MYFILE SEQ The file named MYFILE SEQ DELE MYFILE SEQ will be deleted from the RAM Disk NOTES No query form of this command 5 26 Operating Over the GPIB 5 File Handling END The command END must be included at the end of a sequence or setup batch file While END is not a valid GPIB command its query form END is END is used to debug batch file execution problems This query returns either BATCH END STATUS AVAILABLE if no setup or sequence file has been run or a list of the following form LEVEL FILENAME EXT LINE lt CR gt lt LF gt 0 SET1 SET 53 lt CR gt lt LF gt Levels in the range of 0 to 5 Line numbers start at 1 If line number shows 0 then batch execution ended before the first command from that file was executed Line number increases by one with each command fetched The last file in the list is the one which was running when batch execution was terminated Normally there will only be one file shown in the list le
121. and uninterrupted manner i e the first point is generated immediately after the last point For example this mode would be used to generate a continuous wave sine CH 1 OUTPUT START OUTPUT SYNC OUTPUT NOT USED IN CONTINUOUS MARKER OUTPUT NOT USED IN CONTINUOUS Figure 3 3 3 21 3 Operations TRIGGERED SINGLE MODE OPERATION In this mode each trigger causes a single repetition of the programmed waveform to be generated Initial and final output levels are set by first and last points of waveform respectively ARM COMMAND E HOLDING YI POINT IN WAVE CH 1 OUTPUT WAITING FOR TRIGGER WATNS FOR uia AUTO ARM LEET eee edad etre 4 HOLDING F NE IN WAVE 5 TRIGGER DELAY Teva PROGRAMMED WAVEFORM TRIGGER INPUT SYNC OUTPUT START OUTPUT MARKER OUTPUT 1 MARKER DELAY Figure 3 4 3 22 Operations TRIGGERED BURST MODE OPERATION In this mode each trigger causes a set number of repetitions of the programmed waveform to be generated 3 in the example below Initial and final output levels are set by first and last points of waveform respectively CH 1 OUTPUT WAITING FOR TRIGGER A HOLD FIRST POINT gt WAVE p TRIGGER DELAY 3 CYCLES OF PROGRAMMED WAVEFORMS TRIGGER INPUT n SYNC OUTPUT n START OUTPUT MARKER OUTPUT _ Nlis E 2 MARKER DELAY
122. andard Function SQUARE FREQUENCY SQFR Sets the frequency of the square wave generated by the SQUARE standard function This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT SQUARE FREQUENCY arg1 arg2 SQFR arg1 arg2 SQUARE FREQUENCY SOFR VALID ARGUMENTS arg1 number representing the frequency in Hz from 0 010 to 100 0 6 arg2 Optional REL If this argument is omitted 1 becomes squarewave frequency DEFAULT Power up 1 MHz EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SOFR 10MHZ Sets squarewave frequency to 10 MHz If a standard function square wave is being output this takes effect immediately SQFR 100 REL SQFR is increased 100 Hz SOFR Returns the current setting Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function SQUARE PHASE SQUP Sets standard function square wave Channel 1 starting phase in time Note that if SQUARE MODE is dual this will effect the starting phase of Channel 2 also see SORP for more information This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT SQUARE PHASE arg1 arg2 SQUP argi arg2 SQUARE PHASE SQUP VALID ARGUMENTS argl time which is a fraction of the selected period Times in excess of period will be ignored arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 0 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SQUP 100ns The first point in the generated square wave will be at 100 nsec after the transition to the lowest value
123. annel TTL mode 8 data lines clock clock 10 grounds ECL mode 8 differential data lines differential clock output 2 grounds Digital output mode selection Each channel individually configurable as TTL or ECL output by internal jumper selection Maximum Data Output Rates Identical to 9100 clock rate Single channel channel 1 only 200 Mbytes sec 5 nsec per byte Dual channel channel 1 and channel 2 100 Mbytes sec 10 nsec per byte Timing ECL Mode All outputs terminated into the equivalent of 56 to 2 V Digital Clock to Analog Output Clock precedes the Analog output by 1 clock period 4 nsec 2 nsec Digital Clock to Digital Data 2 nsec typical Hold Time Provided 1 0 nsec min Setup Time Provided 1 5 nsec min at 200 Mbytes sec typically setup time sample period hold time transition time Data to Data Skew Time 0 5 nsec max within each channel s data byte Complementary Output Skew lt 0 5 nsec Channel to Channel Skew Clock lt 1 nsec Data to Data Skew Time 1 3 nsec for any data line to data line Channel 2 precedes Channel 1 typically Rise and Falltimes 3 nsec typical 4 nsec max measured 20 80 after 3 ft of Twist N Flat cable terminated by 56 0 to 2 V Logic Levels ECL Mode V high min 1 0 Volts V low max 1 55 Volts Absolute max externally applied voltages 40 5 V 2 0 V Timing TTL Mode All outputs unloaded Digital Clock to Analog Output Clock precedes the
124. ary waveform files to the 9100 The next section carefully explains how to format and transfer waveform files to the 9100 and Chapter 5 summarizes all the commands and formats used arbitrary waveforms are handled as files in the 9100 Once the files exist on the 9100 RAM disk all control can be accomplished via the 9100 CP control panel files in the AFG have an extension which is necessary and significant Below is a summary of the different types of files you will encounter The file name represented by xxxxxxxx is the alphanumeric name that the user gives when creating the file 3 Defining an Arbitrary Waveform in Terms of a Waveform File XXXXXXXX WAV SINGLE CHANNEL WAVEFORM FILE Contains the data to generate a single channel waveform May only be output on Channel 1 XXXXXXXX WAD DUAL CHANNEL WAVEFORM FILE Contains the data to generate a dual channel waveform XXXXXXXX SET SETTINGS FILE Used to automatically establish all settings of the 9100 in conjunction with the SETUP command The LEARN command automatically generates a setup file XXXXXXXX SEQ SEQUENCE FILE Used to contain a sequence of 9100 commands that may be executed automatically by giving the SEQUENCE command This command is most necessary when defining a complex waveform using the LINK command Two types of waveform file formats are used by the 9100 one for single channel waveforms and one for dual channel wav
125. as linked with a segment repetition count of 2 the next jump is indexed to B WAV Link Index of 1 The repetition count associated with this index is 2 This will cause the FIFO index to be held while the repeat count is decremented B WAV is output twice and since it does not have its jump flag set the waveform selection is determined by the natural order of the Link Sequence in this case C WAV is selected The next jump causes the B WAV B WAV C WAV sequence to be output a second time This illustrates the use of the repetition counters to build nested sub sequences within a complex waveform When the FIFO is empty the last index is latched and subsequent jumps will be directed to the last referenced index For this example when the FIFO is empty the index 0 is latched and the AFG will continue to output the waveform sequence A WAV B WAV B WAV C WAV A WAV The 9100 RT firmware includes modified LOAD and LINK commands as well as four new commands associated with the FIFO memory formats for the modified LOAD and LINK commands LOAD wavename WAV WAD nrep WAIT JUMP JUMP REEAT JUMP ZEROJ LINK lt wavename gt WAV WAD lt nrep gt WAIT REPEAT JUMP ZEROJ WAIT JUMP JUMP REPEAT and JUMP ZERO have short forms namely W J JR and JZ JUMP REPEAT and JUMP ZERO specify the jump destination in the event that the FIFO is empty JUMP ZERO causes a jump to
126. ase by the value in Note that if the Marker delay is programmed for a number of greater than the sum of the trigger delay and the total number of points that will be output including segment repetitions links and waveform repetitions no Marker pulse will be generated Also at clock rates greater than 10 MHz the width of the Marker pulse nominally 75 nsec may be reduced if it is positioned with 75 nsec of the last point generated FORMAT MARKER DELAY arg2 MDEL 1 arg2 e VALID ARGUMENTS integer number from 4 to 1 E6 In RELATIVE mode 1 is a signed number in the range 1 E6 arg2 word RELATIVE REL Optional DEFAULTS Power up 4 Unspecified Command Not Relative EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS MARKER DELAY 4000 The marker pulse will be MDEL 4000 delayed 4000 clock cycles from the trigger point FRONT PANEL CONTROL INDICATORS Available at front panel connector NOTES 1 In the RECURRENT trigger mode the minimum delay is 16 clock cycles 2 The valid arguments listed above assume that DELAY_MODE is POINTS For DELAY MODE TIME the range of valid arguments is dependent upon the CLOCK RATE and extends from 20 nsec to 10 000 000 sec 3 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 62 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Trigger Command ARM SOURCE TAS Selects the source for arming the trigger There are two options
127. ater than pro grammed 2 7 2 Product Description SYNC EXT TRIG MONOSTABLE OUTPUT INPUT TRIGGER INPUT MANUAL D LATCH MARKER MARKER DELAY MONOSTABLE OUTPUT COMMAND START OUTPUT TRIGGER EXT CLK INPUT START GATED EXT REF MASTER 5 CLOCK iNPUT CLOCK GATE MASTER CLOCK SYNTHESIZER IMHz 200 2 STOP 4 MHz INT CLK OUT 2 REF OUTPUT B 1012 END OF TIMEBASE Figure 2 3 2 Product Description 2 WAVEFORM MEMORY OFFSET CH2 CH 2 FILT OUTPUT D ATTENS n ATTENS T SIGNAL GATED WAVEFORM CONDITIONERS CLOCK ADDRESS DAC SEQUENCER S E R L 1 2 R CH I FILT ENO OF WAVEFORM BANK 6 ATTENS OFFSET MEMORY 10 1013 INPUT Figure 2 4 2 Product Description LeCroy 9100 ARBITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR Figure 2 5 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS CONNECTIONS AND INDICATORS 2 GPIB Status LED s STATUS LED s Product Description 2 Power Switch Rocker switch that turns AC power on or off LED above switch indicates power is on 7 Manual Trigger Pushbutton Will cause a single shot trig ger when pressed if it is enabled via trigger source selection If held down it will cause continuous triggers at a rate of about 2 per second Armed LED Indicates trigger is armed that is if a trigger is received on an enabled trigger s
128. ay of data values and various control settings The instrument generates the waveform by sequentially stepping through the array and outputting a volt age proportional to each data value for a fixed time interval or sample period point Selecting or specifying the contents of the data array are performed separately from entering the con trol settings commands so the user has a great deal of flexibility in modifying a waveform without having to change its basic shape the waveform data array A simple way of thinking about the operation of an 15 shown in Figure 2 1 Basically an oscillator clocks a counter which in turn advances the address applied to a memory The memory data value which is stored in the next sequential loca tion is then output to the digital to analog converter DAC Finally the DAC converts the data value to an analog level As the counter steps through the memory addresses the associated data values are converted by the DAC This results in a voltage waveform being output which is proportional to the data array which resides in the memory Product Description 2 SIMPLIFIED AFG RAM TOR OU R RESS OSCILLATO COUNTE ADD OUTPUT Figure 2 1 The 9100 can emulate standard types of generators without the use of a host computer to edit the data arrays The available standard waveforms are sine square triangle ramp pulse and DC 9100 ARCHITECTURE The 9100 Series
129. be generated after arm and trigger conditions are met See Trigger modes command NOTES 1 In the event that the following commands are requested during the execution of a waveform i e while GO is executing an ABORT and GO sequence is executed automatically by the generator thus re establishing the new conditions CHI CH2 INVERT TRIGGER MODE in DELAY MODE of POINTS or TIME TRIGGER DELAY Additionally a change in amplitude will result in a momentary disconnect reconnect of output A change in CLOCK RATE will also result in a momentary stop and restart of the time base 2 A LOAD command terminates a GO i e ABORTS the waveform running 3 No Query form of this command 5 Operating Over the GPIB Action Command NEXT This command is sent over the bus when it is desired to cause a Sequence file which is holding at a WAIT to resume execution lt ESC gt N will accomplish the same result FORMAT NEXT EXAMPLES COMMAND COMMENTS NEXT or ESC N Causes the resumption of the Sequence file which had previously been paused by an internal WAIT statement NOTES 1 The NEXT command from GPIB does generate Op complete status While the 9100 is executing a sequence file it will not parse other GPIB commands The immediate action command ESC S may be used instead of STB to read the status bytes while a sequence is in progress See Table 5 3 I9 No Query form of this command 5 42
130. bles are available and as many as four extenders may be chained together for additional length The main features of the 9100 CP an LCD screen displays functional menus and prompts operator instructions to the Model 9100 and a multi function keyboard that serves as the mechanism by which those instructions are input Connecting the 9100 CP to the Arbitrary Function Generator The cable attached to the 9100 CP plugs directly into the connector within the KEYPAD rectangle in the right corner of the Model 9100 front panel Control Panel Operation 4 The Model 9100 can be under local 9100 CP control or computer remote control The default on power up is local control mode As the instrument goes through initialization after power up a series of brief readouts will flash on the 9100 CP screen Such readouts are normal and need not be interpreted for operation Within a few seconds however the power up display will be seen on the 9100 CP screen as shown below LeCROY 9100 GPIB ADDR 1 VER 1 00 Power up display shows the software version VER number in use and the GPIB Address of the Model 9100 Figure 4 2 In the event that the Arbitrary Function Generator is already powered up and operating in remote mode when the 9100 CP is connected the 9100 automatically returns to Local Mode and sends the power up screen to the 9100 CP If the Model 9100 is in local lockout mode however pressing th
131. cal Lock Out LLO 5 5 Local Mode 5 1 Lockout 4 3 M MARKER DELAY 5 60 MASK 5 7 5 106 message available 5 7 Main Menu Keys 4 5 Main Status Byte STB 1 5 7 Manual Trigger 2 11 MEMORY 5 102 Message Terminator 5 2 Message Unit Separators 5 2 maximum offset 2 6 N NEXT 5 40 Numeric Units Keypad 4 7 O OFFSET 4 31 Offset 3 12 OPTIMIZE gt 4 30 OUTPUT 4 32 offset 2 6 P PAGE 4 6 Parameter Delta Submenus 4 14 PERIOD gt 4 30 Power 2 11 PULSE 4 29 PULSE 5 89 PULSE 4 26 PULSE DELAY 5 92 PULSE OPTIMIZE 5 93 PULSE PERIOD 5 91 PULSE WIDTH 5 90 post amp attenuators 2 5 preamplifier attentuators 2 5 programming commands 5 15 Q Queries 5 6 Query Type Commands 5 17 R RAM disk 2 4 RAMP 5 84 RAMP 4 26 RAMP MODE 5 85 PERIOD 5 86 RAMP PHASE 5 87 RAMP RELATIVE PHASE 5 88 Ramp Attribute 4 29 RECALL 5 30 Real Time Port 10 15 Recurrent 3 14 3 17 Remote Enable 5 5 Remote Mode 5 1 RS 232 Commands 6 2 RS 232 Configuration 2 13 RS 232 Interface 6 1 RS232 4 49 rules of command format 5 3 S SELFTEST 5 41 SEQUENCE 5 31 SETUP 5 32 Secondary Status Bytes 5 7 Selected Device Clear SDC 5 5 Selecting and Arbitrary Waveform 4 23 Sequence File 5 20 Serial Poll Enable SPE 5 6 Serial Poll Status Byte 5 9 Service 1 3 Service Request SRQ 5 6 Setup file 5 19 SHIFT ABORT 4 8
132. ccess to a submenu indicated by or A value which can be changed by MORE LESS indicated by The display keys BACK PAGE F1 F2 F3 and F4 are used to access menus or parts of menus The thirteen keys in the center of the keyboard ENTER E 1 1 the numeric keys and the units keys are for entering information required by use of other keys As their name implies the action keys TGR LOCAL T ARM GO ABORT LOAD NEXT LINK SEQ LEARN and SETUP initiate actions for the most part without use of menu listings Pressing the STATUS ACTIVE COMM VIEW or STB key has no effect on the operation of or actions imposed on the Arbitrary Function Generator These keys display information menus consisting entirely of listings that can be used for reference purposes in taking other action The five main menu keys FUNC CHAN 1 CHAN 2 CLOCK and TRIG use menus and submenus extensively Pressing any of these keys results in a 4 line listing of different selections categories from which a choice must be made to proceed Each line in a main menu listing is accessed or implemented by pressing one of the F keys at the top of the keyboard with F1 accessing the first line F2 the second line F3 the 4 11 4 Control Panel Operation third line and F4 the fourth line So when you press F3 you access the parameter named by line 3 on the display Alte
133. clock period is controlled completely by the external source and the clock period command has no effect Note that in dual channel mode the point output rate will be 1 2 the applied frequency e g if the external clock frequency is 200 MHz each channel will output a new point every 10 nsec The clock source is selected with the following command CLOCK SOURCE lt or internal CLOCK MODE SLAVE is used to synchronize one 9100 Series AFG to another The unit placed in SLAVE mode uses the signal on the CLOCK IN EXT rear panel BNC connector as its clock This signal is assumed to come from the CLOCK OUT 2 rear panel BNC connector of another 9100 which is in CLOCK MODE MASTER NOTE CLOCK OUT 1 provides continuous output at the clock frequency Only CLOCK OUT 2 is suitable for MASTER SLAVE operation Upon entering slave mode CLOCK SOURCE defaults to EXTERNAL CLOCK SLOPE defaults to positive and CLOCK LEVEL defaults to 200 mV The previous settings are restored upon receipt of a CLOCK MODE MASTER command While in slave mode the CLOCK SOURCE and CLOCK SLOPE cannot be changed CLOCK LEVEL can be changed Also while a unit is in slave mode the TRIG MODE settings have no effect The trigger delay is controlled by the absence of clock pulses from the master 9100 Trigger settings entered while in SLAVE mode will correctly take effect when the clock mode is changed to MASTER Other commands that Operations 3
134. cription of Trigger Trigger between trigger receipt Trigger Mode Resultant Waveform Source Arm Source and waveform start CONTINUOUS Continuous Automatic No Implicit with GO RECURRENT Executes N Repeats Internal Does not have 8 clock cycles to 1 Implicit with GO to be selected million clock cycles or implemented by user SINGLE Executes Once Manual Bus 2 clock cycles to 1 or External million clock cycles plus Analog a minlmum of 10 cycles BURST Execute N Repeats reset time if in AUTO arm GATED Continuous as lon External Automatic as trigger signal Analog Implicit with GO 2 clock cycles to 1 level is above user selected threshold million clock cycles from the leading edge NOTES 1 max 65 535 In RECURRENT and BURST modes 2 The difference between RECURRENT and BURST is that the former is automatically armed and fired while the latter can be armed via computer or the 9100 CP and fired by either an external analog signal by pushing the trigger button on the front panel of the Mode 9100 manual 24 BUS firing host computer or by from the 9100 3 With the 9100 the TRIG key accesses menus that allow choosing trigger mode trigger source and trigger arm source 4 The 9100 5 T ARM key can always be used to arm the trigger It is not affected by Trigger Arm Source Selection 5 The TRG key on the 9100 can always be used to fire the trigger It Is not affected by Trigger Source Selection
135. ction Command also Query Type Command VIEW VIEW This is a query command which returns all current 9100 settings in a form which may be returned to the 9100 as program messages or sent back to the 9100 as a Setup file format of the output is the short form header naming a parameter an sign and the current setting followed by a semicolon The length of the output is less than 1200 bytes Modes which are necessary to interpret certain settings are always output before those settings FORMAT VIEW EXAMPLES COMMAND COMMENTS VIEW Returns all settings QUERY RESPONSES The same formatted string as seen on a 9100 CP is returned It is variable length with CRLF each 16 bytes Unused lines are padded with spaces It is terminated with semicolon and is suitable for direct viewing 5 105 5 Operating Over the GPIB Communications Command COMM FORMAT CFMT Determines the data format for block transfers of waveform data over the GPIB See File Handling Commands Only two formats are supported FORMAT COMM FORMAT A BYTE BINARY and COMM FORMAT L BYTE HEX VALID ARGUMENTS HEX results in 2 characters for each 8 bits of data BIN BINARY implies simple binary format 1 byte for 1 byte DEFAULTS A BYTE BINARY EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS COMM FORMAT L BYTE HEX Format is L with 8 bits of CFMT L BYTE HEX data and 2 HEX characters each NOTES COMM FORMAT I ASCII only all letters and nu
136. ctions WAVEFORM LINK SEQUENCE FILE REPETITIONS LOAD SINE 1 SINE 1 LINK T COMP T COMP 10 POINTS LINK SINE GAU LINK T COMP LINK GAUS LINK T COMP GO Figure 3 2 You could simply generate a single data file which contained all the data as a single array or we provide another method which will use less waveform memory We may define three waveform files as follows Operations 3 GAUS WAV contains 1 Gaussian pulse SINE WAV contains 1 cycle of a sine wave T WAV contains a constant data array We can then load the waveform using the following sequence of commands LOAD SINE WAV 1 LINK TCOMP WAV 1 LINK SINE WAV 4 LINK TCOMP WAV 2 LINK GAUS WAV 2 LINK TCOMP WAV 6 GO when you want to start it running The load command always comes first and tells the 9100 that we are loading a new waveform into the waveform memory In this waveform the 9100 will generate one repetition of SINE WAV then one repetition of TCOMP WAV then four repetitions of SINE WAV then two repetitions of TCOMP WAV then two repetitions of GAUS WAV and finally six repetitions of TCOMP WAV When the waveform is loaded in this manner as a multi file waveform the amount of waveform data memory used is conserved since each unique file has to reside in the waveform memory only once Therefore the amount of waveform memory used by this waveform is the sum only of the number of data values in the three files
137. cuted with the command SEQUENCE TESTPROG SEQ Single Waveform Files A Single Waveform File is one that will run only on Channel 1 It is received over the bus in the ZA or 1 block format An example of the Single Waveform File format sent by an IBM BASICA program is below 800 5 5 NAME WAV 810 820 830 REM THE NEXT LINE PUTS THE DATA INTO A FORMAT THE 9100 CAN UNDERSTAND IT FIRST SEES THEN 2 BYTES WHICH DEFINE THE LENGTH OF THE WAVE IN BYTES AND THEN THE WAVEFORM DATA WITH AN EOI 840 850 860 OUTWAVES A CHR 0 STR LEN WAVES WAVES 870 CALL IBWRT ARB HEADERS 880 CALL IBWRT ARB OUTWAVES 890 PRINT WAVEFORM TRANSFER COMPLETED e where the 2 bytes following the A encode the file length WAVES contains binary data bytes STORE is the command to save the file to the 9100 RAM Memory NAMES contains the name The WAV extension must always used to signify a Single Waveform File A specifies the block format THE A and the size bytes are not part of the file The file contains only the binary data The file can be up to 65 536 bytes long Dual Waveform Files A Dual Waveform File is composed of waveform data for Channel 1 and Channel 2 The 9100 stores these files internally with WAD extensions to the filename in order to delineate between Single and Dual Waveforms The 9100 accepts only interleaved dual waveform data files This is due to t
138. default COMM SOURCE This switch is read only at power up All rear panel switches are read only at power up If switch 3 on the GPIB switch block is up 1 the default COMM SOURCE is GPIB The RS 232 port will not be active until the command COMM SOURCE RS232 is received from GPIB If switch 3 on the GPIB switch block is down 0 the default COMM SOURCE is RS 232C The RS 232 port will be active and the GPIB port inactive until the command COMM SOURCE GPIB is received from RS 232 The eight switches on the RS 232 switch block configure the RS 232 interface as follows Stop Bits Parity Baud 3 6 7 8 Switch 300 baud 600 baud 1200 baud 2400 baud 4800 baud 9600 baud other 9600 baud The RS 232 switch block is read only at power up These switches are the only way to configure the RS 232 interface The selected RS 232 configuration must match the user s terminal configuration The 25 pin RS 232 type DB 25S connector on the rear panel of the LeCroy 9100 is wired as Data Communications Equipment DCE An appropriate cable should be used to connect the user s terminal or computer serial port to the 9100 6 RS 232 Interface RS 232C COMMANDS All commands available over GPIB are available over RS 232C see Chapter 5 of this manual The commands at the end of this chapter apply only to RS 232C Using RS 232 Major differences between GPIB RS 232 operation follows
139. ding to the desired segment s line number in the operator entered link sequence starting with the value 0 FIFO Memory width 15 bits FIFO Memory length 1024 words Maximum Real Time Rate for waveform selection 2 77 MHz for 72 point single channel waveform 2200 MHz clock 910X or for 18 point dual channel 050 clock 9112 FIFO Read Fetch Time 72 clock periods Throughput Delay write rising edge to output change 121 clock periods 120 nsec relative to the end of the current waveform being output 10 19 10 10 20 GPIB Commands LOAD wavename wav repeat count LINK lt wavename gt repeat count WAIT JR JZ The JUMP flag option J has been added to the LOAD and LINK commands When is encountered a linked waveform segment it is output as specified however the following segment is output as specified by the link address and repetition count read from the FIFO memory The secondary parameters R or Z set the default jump destination in the event the FIFO memory is empty J and JR cause the last waveform segment to be repeated JZ forces a jump to the waveform at index 0 FIFO MODE ONIOFF or the short form FIM ON OFF The FIFO MODE command enables the real time mode when it is set ON When it is set to OFF it disables the real me mode The default is FIFO MODE OFF FIFO SOURCE EXTERNAL INTERNAL J or t
140. disk memory This may be an arbitrary waveform setup or sequence file SHIFT CE stands for CLEAR ENTRY Pressing this key clears numeric entries and enables a new entry to be made The remainder of the keyboard can be thought of as being divided into five main groupings main menu keys display keys numeric units keypad action keys information keys Control Panel Operation 4 5 Keys that call up main menus LeCroy 9100 FUNC accesses menus that allow selec tion of arbitrary waveforms standard waveforms setup and sequence files CHAN 1 is used to set operating pa rameters for waveforms generated on Channel 1 CHAN 2 is used to set operating parame ters for waveforms generated on Channel 2 CLOCK is used to enter the generator clock rate and period It also allows opera tor selection of internal or external clock source or reference use If an external clock is used threshold level and slope may be user selected TRIG allows entry of trigger parameters and modes Main Menu Keys Figure 4 3 4 5 4 Control Panel Operation Display Keys LeCroy 9100 CP L4 i 4 rM r rae bs id TN s 1 a 4 Display Keys Figure 4 4 Menu Manipulation and Selection F KEYS F1 F2 F3 and F4 are used to perform file selections exe cute actions or access submenus for th
141. e 50 Overload is indicated by flash ing Sum 1 2 LED Gain X 1 5 for gt 350 mV full scale output ranges Bandwidth gt 80 MHz at 3 dB Hand Held Keypad Control Panel Input A DIN tor is provided for attaching the hand held control panel and display External Clock Input When this input is selected the inter nal clock is deselected and the waveform is generated using the Product Description 2 external clock Impedance 50 Q Threshold Variable 2 5 V 8 bits resolution External Reference Input Selection of this input causes the internal clock to phase lock to it It requires a 4 MHz signal with 1 to 4 V amplitude into 50 AC coupled 2 Product Description FRONT PANEL INDICATORS AND CONTROLS Controls Indicators 2 20 Power ON OFF Manual Trigger Button Manual Self Test Button Hand held Control Panel optional Power on LED ON when power is applied to the instrument Trigger Armed LED when awaiting a trigger signal Waveform Output LED s Chan 1 ON when Channel 1 is turned on Chan 1 amp 2 ON when Channel 1 is being summed with channel 2 Chan 2 ON when Channel 2 is turned on Waveform Active LED ON when a waveform is being clocked out of the fast memory to one or both waveform outputs or if the unit is armed and waiting for a trigger GPIB Talk LED ON when the instrument is in the talk mode Listen LED ON when the instrument is in
142. e LOCAL key will result in the 9100 CP screen saying LOCKOUT When that happens the 9100 CP will be inoperative use EASYWAVE GPIB or RS 232 control to exit the lockout mode and then press LOCAL to continue LCD Display The 9100 CP display shows information in pages containing as many as four lines of data or prompts In this regard a sign at the bottom of the screen view indicates that the menu or information sequence you are looking at has at least one more page Some operations require several pages Keyboard The 9100 CP keyboard consists of 32 keys To confirm that contact has been made each key gives off an audible signal beep upon being pressed Twenty two of the keys have dual functions A key has two functions if it contains two sets of identification the top set being white letters in a blue rectangle Four of the keys have functions that set them apart from the other keys 4 3 4 4 4 Control Panel Operation SHIFT when pressed immediately prior to pressing any dual function key causes the upper function blue rectangle on that key to be executed If a dual function key is pressed without the SHIFT key being pressed first the lower function is invoked After invoking a shifted function all keys return to the unshifted position SHIFT RESET resets all instrument settings to the power up defaults and results in the display shown in Figure 4 2 SHIFT DELETE can remove a selected file from RAM
143. e lines on the display F1 refers to the first line of the display and F4 to the fourth line When used to select a file an will appear after the name of the selected file PAGE When a menu contains more than one page a will appear at the end of the fourth line of the display Pressing PAGE will cause the next page of infor mation to be displayed When the does not appear this indicates either a single page menu or the last page of a multiple page menu Pressing the PAGE key in this latter instance returns the menu to the first page of the multiple page menu BACK causes the display to step back wards one page in a menu If the display is showing the first page of a menu pressing BACK will move the screen to the upper level menu page from which that first page was selected Control Panel Operation Numeric Units Keypad Thirteen keys in the center of the keyboard that are used to enter numbers and units LeCroy 9100 CP Numeric Units Keypad Figure 4 5 NUMERIC keys and DECIMAL POINT key are for those situations in which a par ticular menu item requires numeric entry is for entry of negative values ENTER is used to terminate numeric en tries for which units are not required such as number of repetitions SHIFT UNITS KEYS append units to numeric entries and terminate those en tries To terminate complete entry of a nu meric entry that is dimensionless key in
144. e SELFTEST LED remains on during the duration of the tests NOTES 1 No Query form of this command 2 The front panel Selftest button is only active in the LOCAL state like all other local controls See IEEE 488 STANDARD MESSAGES earlier in this chapter 5 43 5 Operating Over the GPIB Action Command Same as ABORT FORMAT STOP EXAMPLE COMMAND STOP NOTES Query form of this command 5 44 STOP COMMENTS Will cause a presently active waveform to stop running from the 9100 high speed memory Operating Over the GPIB 5 Action Command TRIGGER TGR If TRIGGER SOURCE BUS ON this command will fire the trigger from bus Using the GPIB Device Trigger GET will achieve the same result FORMAT TRIGGER EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRIGGER If the TRIGGER SOURCE BUS TGR is ON it will initiate the trigger and cause the waveform to begin generation 5 45 5 Operating Over the GPIB CHANNEL PARAMETER COMMANDS Channel Parameter Command CH1 AMPLITUDE CH2 AMPLITUDE C1A C2A Sets the peak to peak amplitude of the waveform being output on Channel 1 or Channel 2 The amplitude must be from 0 to 10 V If it is desired to increase or decrease the amplitude from its current setting the RELATIVE argument may be used In this case the sign on the number designates the direction to increment for up and for down FORMAT CH1 AMPLITUDE arg2 C1A arg
145. e each segment or group of segments beginning with one which has been linked with wait For example consider LOAD A WAV 1 LINK B WAV 2 WAIT LINK C WAV 2 LINK D WAV 3 WAIT Operations 3 The first trigger will generate only A WAV once because B WAV was linked with wait The second trigger will generate two repetitions of B WAV and two repetitions of C WAV because C WAV was linked without wait The third trigger will generate three repetitions of D WAV Each trigger generates appropriate timing outputs SYNC START and MARKER if possible The programmed trigger delay occurs following each trigger Continuous The generated waveform is not affected by links with wait since continuous mode never waits for trigger However a START pulse is generated at each end of waveform mark i e at the beginning of each segment linked with wait as well as at the beginning of the first LOADed segment Given the example above a START pulse would be generated at the beginning of A WAV and at the beginning of B WAV s first repetition and at the beginning of D WAV s first repetition The programmed trigger delay has no effect as usual Gated In this mode waveform generation is halted at the first end of waveform after the GATE signal goes false Each link with wait introduces an end of waveform mark Thus to continue the example above in gate mode generation may stop just before A WAV as normal
146. e ended clock 7 3 7 Model 9109 TTL Output Connector configuration Same pattern for channel 1 and channel 2 TTL outputs are single ended back terminated in 75 Q The Clock outputs are available in both polarities Signal Clock 1 2 Ground Clock 3 4 Ground LSB DO 5 6 Ground D1 7 8 Ground D2 9 10 Ground D3 11 12 Ground D4 13 14 Ground 05 15 16 Ground D6 17 18 Ground MSB 07 19 20 Ground ECL Output Connector Configuration Same pattern for channel 1 and channel 2 lines of the ECL outputs are differential Signal Signal Clock Clock Ground Ground LSB DO DO D1 D1 D2 02 03 D3 D4 D4 DS 05 06 06 MSB D7 07 NOTES 1 Indicates active low signal Complementary to signal with same name but without 2 Suggested connector type 3 M Part No 3421 7020 or equivalent 20 pin 1 x 1 flat cable socket connector with strain relief One required for each channel s output 3 Normal Flat cables are not recommended Best performance may be achieved with Twisted Pair Flat cable such as Spectra Strip 455 248 20 10 pair Twist amp Flat 28 AWG RECONFIGURING THE DIGITAL OUTPUT The Model 9109 is delivered from the factory with the Digital Outputs configured for TTL output levels on both channels NOTE The current configuration is indicated via front panel LED s unique to each channel s Digital Output 7 4 9109 7 Either or both Digital Outputs can be user configur
147. e external clock will be used as the reference for all external timing Only applicable if SOURCE is set to external FORMAT CLOCK SLOPE arg1 CSLO argl VALID ARGUMENTS The words POSITIVE POS or the word NEGATIVE NEG or ALTERNATE ALT DEFAULTS Power up POSITIVE POS EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS CLOCK SLOPE NEGATIVE Causes transitions on the analog CSLO NEG outputs to occur in response to negative going edges of the external clock signal REAR PANEL CONTROL Only applicable to external input NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 58 Operating Over the GPIB 5 CLOCK PERIOD CPER Sets the internal clock period a range from 5 nsec to 20 sec The new setting can be made relative to the current setting by using the RELATIVE argument In that case a sign must precede the number to indicate whether the increment is up or down FORMAT CLOCK PERIOD arg1 arg2 CPER 1 arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS argi number from 5 nsec to 20 sec with optional units sec msec psec nsec RELATIVE REL mode can be a signed number from 5 nsec to 20 sec 2 words RELATIVE REL optional DEFAULTS Power up 5 nsec Unspecified Command Units sec Not RELATIVE EXAMPLES COMMAND COMMENTS CLOCK_PERIOD 5nsec REL Increments the INTERNAL CLOCK period by 5 nsec CPER 9 012msec Sets the INTERNAL CL
148. e number of segment repetitions for LINK This appends the wait argument to the LINK command from the 9100 Specification of Waveform Attributes and Trigger Parameters The CHAN 1 CHAN 2 Clock and Trig keys access menus that control the waveform amplitude timebase and trigger commands The net effect of those four keys is to define what is called the waveform setup A setup can be learned stored in memory by the Learn key on the 9100 CP and implemented by the Setup key which can also implement setups downloaded by EASYWAVE GPIB or RS 232 operation In addition the Seq key can be pressed to access and implement sequences files of GPIB commands that are downloaded to the Model 9100 via computer control Selecting an Arbitrary Waveform 0 Control Panel Operation 4 Executing Loaded and Linked Waveforms Executing is accomplished by pressing the GO key Execution can be aborted by pressing the ABORT key Details of these steps are covered below Pressing the FUNC key causes the menu shown below to be displayed F1 ARBITRARY F2 STANDARD F3 SETUP F4 SEQUENCE Function Selection Main Menu Figure 4 16 Selecting an Arbitrary User Designed Waveform Stored Memory If previously downloaded to RAM disk storage memory via the GPIB or RS 232 bus an ARBITRARY waveform can accessed by first accessing the function selection main menu shown in the above fi
149. e returned in ASCII default decimal separated by commas 5 10 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Table 5 1 Status Bytes Bit Assignments EVENT REGISTERS STB 2 readable by STB 2 bit 0 No files found at power on file system reinitialized bit 1 remote to local or local to remote transition occurred bit 2 Channel 1 overload occurred bit 3 Channel 2 overload occurred bit 4 Triggered in a triggered mode bit 5 External sum overload occurred bit 6 unused bit 7 unused STB 3 readable by STB 3 bit O operation complete bits 7 1 unused STB 5 readable by STB 5 bit 0 batch sequence or setup file execution initiated bit 1 unused bit 2 batch execution ended normally i e at END statement bit 3 WAlTing for NEXT bit 4 batch execution terminated before END bit 5 batch single step bits 7 6 spare always 0 STB 7 readable by STB 7 This is the standard Event Status Register bit 0 Operation Complete bit 1 unused bit 2 unused bit 3 unused bit 4 Execution error Warning bit 5 Command error unrecognized command etc bit 6 unused bit 7 Power on STB 8 readable by STB 8 bit 0 analog board problem see CALERR file bit 1 high speed memory problem bit 2 control memory problem bit 3 Nonvolatile memory problem bit 4 transfer from high speed memory to analog board falled bits 7 6 5 unused CONDITION REGISTERS STB 0 readable by TSTB 0 This is not an event
150. ector wiring Pin Signal Type Pin Signal Type 1 FIFO FULL Output 2 FIFO EMPTY Output 3 Ground Return 4 DATA 0 Input 5 DATA 1 Input 6 DATA 2 Input 7 DATA 3 Input 8 Ground Return 9 DATA 4 Input 10 DATA 5 Input 11 6 Input 12 DATA 7 Input 13 Ground Return 14 DATA 8 Input 15 Input 16 10 Input 17 DATA11 Input 18 Ground Return 19 DATA12 Input 20 DATA 13 Input 21 DATA 14 Input 22 Ground Return 23 CLEAR Input 24 Ground Return 25 WRITE Input 26 Ground Return indicates an active low signal All signals are logic levels This section is intended as a tutorial in 9100 RT operation examples are presented in a step by step format so that a first time user can duplicate the application It assumes that the users has EASYWAVE software and is familiar with its operation It further assumes that the user can supply the necessary digital inputs to the external real time port The first example is to generate a phase shift keyed PSK waveform and randomly generate 1 and 0 data waveforms EASYWAVE s edit settings menu is used to select the necessary AFG settings 10 11 0 9100 10 12 Conf igure LeCroy EASYWAVE 9189 AFG Edited Sattings Channel 1 Amplitude 88 Clock Node Offset 9 Period Zero Ref 128 88 Rate Filter off Source Output Level Invert Slope Sum Mode Reference Ext Sum Trigger Mode Channel 2 Amplitude 1 08 V firn Source Offset gt 0 96 So
151. ed in battery holders mounted on the rear panel AFG s without the expanded memory options and those with 9100 will have only a single battery installed Units with 9100 MM1 or MM2 will have both batteries installed When any of the memory expansion options are added to existing AFG s the battery configuration and location will vary depending upon the serial number of the unit The addition of the memory expansion options alters the internal memory architecture of the 9100 Series Arbitrary Function Generators Waveform data is downloaded directly into the high speed waveform memory rather than through the non volatile storage memory Data transfer using GPIB occurs at 200 Kbytes sec The maximum data block size is unchanged and is limited to 64 Kbytes existing non volatile storage memory is used for storing setup and sequence files as well as for miscellaneous system storage requirements All of these changes occur automatically and are transparent to the user Expanded memory increases length of waveforms that can be generated The maximum length of any individual waveform file that can be transferred to an AFG is limited to 64 Kbytes This requires that longer waveforms be be composites of several smaller waveforms Composite waveforms are constructed by loading an initial waveform segment and linking additional segments to it in what called a linked sequence until the total 9 1 9 9100 1 2
152. ed over GPIB the 4L format is used over RS 232 This format is similar to the A format described in Section 5 of this manual except that each byte which would follow the A is represented by two ASCII characters each representing a base 16 or hex digit The digits 0 9 and A F where A F stand for 10 11 12 15 respectively Two hex digits can be recombined to make a byte as follows byte value of hex digit 1 16 value of hex digit 2 5 The Local LED on the 9100 will remain lit even while e remote operations via RS 232 are in process 6 2 RS 232 Interface 6 Typical RS 232C Dialog 6 The RS 232 equivalent of the GPIB three wire handshake is the XON XOFF Ctrl Q Ctrl S software handshake This handshake is enabled by sending the escape sequence Esc This is the default state Once enabled sending a Ctrl S command will stop RS 232 data transfer The Ctrl Q command will resume transfer The handshake is disabled by the command Esc See Table 5 3 for Escape commands which contro this and other RS 232 related features A transcript of RS 232 communication with a 9100 follows Prompt Command amp Response Comments as displayed on terminal not displayed AFG gt dir CALERR SEQ AFG prompt at power on NO SET FILES dir our first command NO WAV FILES the rest is the answer NO WAD FILES AFGN sine prompt and command AFG gt go AFG gt mem hsm 65336 promp
153. ed to ECL levels To change the logic level of either or both channel s Digital Output the 9109 front panel must be removed and some cable assemblies must be moved The procedure follows 1 Remove top cover by removing two Pan Head screws on each side of the instrument 2 Remove upper front panel retaining screws These are 1 Phillips screws which are accessible from the top of the front panel bezel 3 Remove lower front panel retaining screws These are similar to the upper front panel retaining screws as detailed above except that the bottom panel does not need to be removed to access them 4 With the 9109 sitting on a tabletop carefully remove front panel from bezel and drop it down to the tabletop without detaching any cables A cabling drawing specific to the 9109 is shown attached to the inside of the front panel of the 9109 5 The Digital Outputs are derived from the 9100 22 printed circuit board It is the second board from the top in the card cage The following five steps detail the method of gaining access to the top of that board in order to change the logic type of the outputs 6 Remove the two 34 pin flat cables cable numbers 15 and 16 which connect the upper three printed circuit boards 7 Remove the two very short coax cables with SMB connectors cable numbers 25 and 26 between the upper two printed circuit boards 8 Remove coax cables 13 and 14 from the 9100 22 printed circuit board the second P
154. eforms Both single channel and dual channel waveform files contain a single sequence of bytes which define the waveform data array to be generated The bytes should be UNSIGNED in other words range from 0 to 255 In general when you calculate your waveform using your computer you will probably be using floating point numbers to represent the voltage values which you wish to generate In order to convert these into 8 bit waveform data values and maintain the maximum amplitude resolution you should in most cases scale your waveform so that the minimum value corresponds to 0 and your maximum value corresponds to 255 The basic constraints on the waveform files are 1 maximum number of bytes is 65536 2 The number of bytes must be a multiple of 8 This is due to a hardware constraint in the waveform memory 3 The number of bytes must be greater than or equal to 8 for a waveform file that will not be linked with other waveform files when loaded into the WAVEFORM GENERATOR CIRCUIT from the RAM DISK See page 3 9 for an explanation of waveform file linking 4 The number of bytes must be greater than or equal to 72 for a single channel waveform file that will be linked with other single channel waveform files Dual channel files that are to be linked must contain at least 36 bytes per channel 3 5 3 Operations 5 Minimum data value is 0 Maximum data value is 255 The single channel waveform file simply contains a s
155. erating any convenient waveform with the 9100 and set the offset to 4 8 V and ZREF to 127 5 Set the amplitude to 10 V Clearly the top half of the waveform is cutoff or clipped due to the limitation of the amplifier and an error message has been generated Reduce the amplitude to 1 V The output will appear correct since the amplifier has some usable range beyond the 5 V limitation described above but an error message will again be generated Further reduce the amplitude to 330 mV At this point the offset to amplitude ratio is near the maximum achiev able value of 16 A reduction in the requested amplitude to 300 mV requires ad ditional post amplifier attenuation As a result the 300 mV am plitude request will allow for only a 2 5 V offset even though the unit has been requested to generate a 4 8 V offset An error Product Description 2 message will be generated Also at this point the amplifier is being driven well above its 25 safety margin and the output is fully saturated no visible signal appears only insufficient offset is perceived The unit will not indicate the erroneous offset value if queried but instead returns the requested offset value If the requested amplitude is changed back to 330 mV then the 9100 will again generate 4 8 V of offset As a final example if the requested amplitude is 40 mV then the maximum achiev able offset is 625 mV Similar concerns apply to attenuator selection when sum modes
156. eries of bytes in the exact order in which you want them to be generated The single channel waveform will always be output on Channel 1 The format is given below where the index specifies the interval point in time during which that value will be generated The waveform file contains N data bytes a 1 2 a 3 a 4 5 a 6 a N The dual channel waveform file consists of interleaved pairs of data values which will be routed to Channel 1 a and Channel 2 b Below we designate bytes for Channel 1 as a and bytes for Channel 2 as b and the index specifies the interval during which that value will be generated starting with 1 This waveform file contains 2N data bytes and when run will result n N points being output on channel 1 and N points being output on Channel 2 a 1 2 b 1 b 2 a 3 a 4 b 3 b 4 a N 1 a N b N 1 b N TRANSFERRING WAVEFORM DATA FILES INTO THE AFG RAM DISK VIA GPIB 3 6 NOTE If you are using the EASYWAVE Program to create and load your waveform files you may skip this section After you have defined the data array which will become your waveform file you need to transfer it to the 9100 We do this with the STORE command First send the command to transfer the file For single channel waveforms STORE filename wav For dual channel waveforms STORE filename wad NOTE The extension on the waveform is significant and lets the 9100 know what type of waveform will be contained
157. es the named sequence file to execute Same as Abort Used to trigger from the bus Sets the amplitude of the waveform being generated on Channel 1 Selects one of the CH1 low pass filters Inverts the waveform in Channel 1 Sets the CH1 DC offset level Turns on and off the CH1 output relay Sets the amplitude point which represents the DC offset voltage for CH1 Sets the amplitude of the waveform being generated on Channel 2 Selects one of the CH2 low pass filters Inverts the waveform in Channel 2 Sets the CH2 DC offset level Turns on and off the CH2 output relay Sets the amplitude point which represents the DC offset voltage for CH2 SUM MODE SUM EXTERNAL SUM XSUM TIMEBASE COMMANDS CLOCK LEVEL CLEV CLOCK MODE CMOD CLOCK PERIOD CPER CLOCK RATE CRAT CLOCK REFERENCE CREF CLOCK SLOPE CSLO CLOCK SOURCE CSOU TRIGGER COMMANDS TRIG ARM SOURCE TAS TRIG DELAY TDEL of waveform TRIG LEVEL TLEV TRIG_MODE TMOD TRIG SLOPE TSLO TRIG SOURCE TSOU MARKER DELAY MDEL DELAY MODE DMOD Operating Over the GPIB 5 Sums the Channel 2 waveform into Channel 1 waveform Sums an external signal into the Channel 1 waveform Sets the threshold level for the external clock Selects master or slave operating mode Sets the internal clock period Sets the internal clock repetition frequency Select internal or external 4 MHz reference for the 9100 s
158. eturn a string either ARBITRARY or SINE TRIANGLE RAMP SQUARE DC SING DC DUAL PULSE or STANDARD This indicates whether the 9100 is currently in Arbitrary Waveform or Standard Function Mode STANDARD is only returned after the STANDARD command is received before a function is selected See the commands ARBITRARY and STANDARD for more information FORMAT FUNCTION FUNC FUNCTION FUNC EXAMPLE COMMAND FUNCTION COMMENTS 9100 returns either ARBITRARY STANDARD or the selected standard function if any 5 99 5 Operating Over the GPIB File Handling also Query Type Command EXIST EXIS This command is a query which causes the LeCroy 9100 to return a message indicating the presence of the named file The answer will include the file length FORMAT EXIST arg EXIS arg VALID ARGUMENTS Any filename ending with the extensions WAV WAD SET SEQ EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS EXIST ANYFILE WAV Returns either FILE IN FILEMEM length or NOFILE IN MEMORY 5 100 Operating Over the GPIB 5 File Handling also Query Command DIRECTORY DIR This command is a query which causes the LeCroy 9100 to return a directory of all the files waveform setup and sequence stored in the RAM memory If one of the arguments is used only that file category will be returned If no argument is presented a directory of all files will be returned FORMAT DIRECTORY arg DIR
159. execution if any if none it will abort generation of the current waveform 5 No query form of this command 5 Operating Over the GPIB File Handling SETUP SET Causes the named setup file to be executed This configures the LeCroy 9100 as defined by the Setup file The setup file must be resident in the 9100 RAM Disk Memory The last command in a setup file must be END FORMAT SETUP arg VALID ARGUMENTS Any filename with the extension SET resident in the RAM Disk Memory EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SETUP FILENAME SET Sends a file from RAM to the SET FILENAME SET 9100 hardware containing all of the instrument settings as defined in a file named FILENAME SET NOTES 1 After execution of a sequence or setup file the query command END can be used to determine which line starting at 1 was the last fetched from each of the possibly up to five levels of nested sequence file when execution ended 2 The first line in a setup file automatically learned by the 9100 is the response to the query FUNCTION This is for information only LEARN creates setup files containing the current setup See LEARN A Y No query form of this command Operating Over the GPIB 5 File Handling STORE STR Causes Waveform Setup or Sequence files to be moved from the GPIB to the generator s internal RAM Disk storage memory This step must precede executing a file Setup or Sequence files
160. function and GO In standard mode the 9100 s clock is automatically set to achieve the characteristics of the function which you requested Since you do not have explicit control over the 9100 s clock i e the time per point you should set DELAY MODE to TIME FORMAT STANDARD STAN EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS STAN Select standard function mode NOTE Use FUNCTION to determine the current function NOTES 1 It is not necessary to send this command For example sending SINE GO is sufficient to enter standard function SINE and generate a sine waveform 2 If FUNC was ARBITRARY after issuing the STANDARD command the query FUNC will return FUNC STANDARD In this state the 9100 waits for you to select a function e g SINE If a standard function was already running STANDARD has no effect 5 70 Operating Over the 5 Standard Function SINE SINE This command forces Standard Function mode It selects sine wave as the current standard function If some other standard function was being generated it is aborted After issuing this command issuing GO will cause a sine wave to be generated using the current settings FORMAT SINE EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS SINE Select SINE as the current standard function QUERY RESPONSES Use FUNCTION to determine the current function NOTES If the 9100 is already generating a STANDARD function SINE this command has effect and output continues
161. g mode not a triggered mode When the GO command is given in this mode the waveform will be cycled until an ABORT or STOP is received Although it is free running it is identical in operation to the Burst mode with two exceptions 1 no trigger is needed to initiate the waveform and 2 the generator is automatically rearmed and retriggered after every BURST of waveform sweeps Command TRIG MODE RECURRENT lt sweeps cycle gt 5 Gate Gate is a combination of the triggered modes and the continuous mode The starting of the waveform is identical to the triggered modes The waveform then cycles in a manner similar to Continuous When the external GATE input becomes inactive the generator will complete the current sweep of the waveform stop output rearm and await the next transition of the Gate input to the active state The ARM feature is not active always set to ARM SOURCE ZAUTO Command MODE GATE The WAIT argument if appended to a LINK command tells the 9100 Series AFG to wait for trigger before executing the segment More precisely it tells the AFG to act as if the entire waveform ended with the segment before this one and this segment is the first one in the next waveform repetition This provides interesting effects depending on which trigger mode is selected It is meant to be used in single trigger mode The effects are as follows Trigger Mode TMOD Effect Single A new trigger is required to generat
162. gure and then pressing F1 This will cause a 4 line submenu to appear as shown below F1 SING WAVE DIF F2 DUAL WAVE F3 CTRL MEM DIR F4 HS MEM DIR Arbitrary Function Submenu Figure 4 17 Pressing F1 here will present a listing of the file names for all the single waveforms stored in RAM memory If F2 were pressed however the dual waveform names would be displayed File names are a combination of as many as eight user selected letters and numbers followed by WAV for single waveforms or WAD for dual waveforms If no files are stored in any of these categories the screen will so indicate For example if no single arbitrary waveforms are in 4 23 4 Control Panel Operation Finding Number of Repetitions 4 24 memory and is pressed when Figure 4 17 is displayed the screen will show NO WAV FILES If single waveform files are in RAM memory pressing F1 when Figure 4 17 is displayed will bring up a single waveform listing similar to that shown in Figure 4 18 F1 TESTWAV1 WAV F2 MYWAVE2 WAV F3 ANYWAVE WAV F4 SOMEWAVE WAV Single Waveform File Name Listing Figure 4 18 The symbol indicates that ANYWAVE WAV is the currently selected file If the MYWAVE2 WAV waveform were desired here F2 would be pressed and would appear to the right of the second line on the screen To select a dual waveform that has been downloaded into RAM memory pres
163. hange of trigger settings etc both master and slave must be aborted and GO s issued in the proper order Failure to issue GO to the slave first while the master is still stopped will result in loss of synchronization The START SYNC and MARKER outputs of the master unit may be used those of the slave unit are disabled Control Panel Operation 4 Trigger Control with the 9100 CP Of the six parameters in the timebase main menu four are toggled e Pressing F4 on the first page of the menu toggles the CLOCK SRC from INT internal to EXT external and back again e Pressing F1 on the second page of the menu toggles the external clock slope from POS positive to NEG negative and back again e Pressing F2 on the second page of the menu toggles the clock reference from INT internal to EXT external and back again e Pressing F3 on the second page of the menu toggles CLOCK MODE from MASTER to SLAVE and back again NOTE When the clock source is internal only CLOCK RATE or CLOCK PERIOD need be specified clock level and slope have no meaning and need not be used with the internal clock When the clock source is external however only CLOCK LEVEL and CLOCK SLOPE need be specified The rate or period of an external clock cannot be controlled from the 9100 CP so the first two lines of Figure 4 32 can be disregarded if the clock source is set to EXT CLOCK RATE CLOCK PERIOD and CLOCK LEVEL are
164. he Service Request SRQ bus control line true when a previously programmed condition occurs The Require Service message is cleared when a Serial Poll is executed by the system controller During Serial Poll the SRQ control line is reset as soon as the instrument places the Main Status Byte message on the bus If all bits on the Main Status Byte are masked off the Require Service message is effectively disabled When the generator is sending the Require Service message the front panel SRQ LED lights The LED is turned off during the serial poll when the SRQ control line is reset After receiving a Serial Poll Enable SPE bus command and when addressed to talk the generator sends the Main Status Byte Message The Main Status Byte message consists of one 8 byte in which the bits are set according to the conditions that caused the SRQ 5 7 5 Operating Over the GPIB Secondary Status Bytes OPERATION OF THE STATUS BYTES 5 8 Bits in the Main Status Byte are set by events such as error trigger etc If an event occurs that causes one of the bits in the Main Status Byte to be set and if that bit is enabled by the mask the RQS require service bit is set and the SRQ line set true If the RQS bit is set indicating that the instrument sent the SRQ message and a serial poll is executed the RQS will be cleared All other bits in the Main Status Byte remain unchanged Each of the bits in the Main Status Byte S
165. he detachable control panel are fully operable In this mode the generator responds only to the Remote message from the GPIB The generator s address is set by a DIP switch located on the rear panel of the instrument The address is set to 1 at the factory Any address between 1 and 30 can be assigned to the generator The procedure to set the address switch is described in Chapter 3 under GPIB Address Selection The address switch is read only once when the power is turned on Therefore if the unit is already on and the address switch is changed the power must be cycled to complete the address change The generator interprets the byte on the eight GPIB data lines DIO 1 to DIO 8 as an IEEE 488 bus command rather than a device dependent message if it receives the data while the Attention ATN control line is true and the Interface Clear 5 Operating Over the GPIB MESSAGES DEVICE DEPENDENT MESSAGES Message Input Format 5 2 IFC control line is false most common bus commands are Talk address and Listen address Each time the generator is addressed either the Talk or Listen LED on the front panel will flash The generator communicates on the bus primarily with device dependent command or file messages These messages consist of one or more bytes sent over the bus eight data lines while the ATN bus control line is false In this section message means an IEEE 488 standard message command or device de
166. he internal memory accessing architecture of the instrument An example of an interleaved Dual Channel Waveform as it is received over the bus follows STORE TESTWAVE WAD 4AS1S2 A1A2 B1B2 A3A4 B3B4 An 1An Bn 1Bn 5 24 Executing Waveform Files Operating Over the GPIB 5 S1 and S2 are binary block size bytes A1 to An are Channel 1 binary data bytes B1 to Bn are Channel 2 binary data bytes STORE is the command which causes the file to be stored into the 9100 RAM Memory i TESTWAVE WAD is the filename The WAD extension must always used to indicate Dual Channel Waveform specifies the block transfer format and is not part of the file nor are the 2 subsequent size bytes Only the binary data bytes are a part of the file The file may be 65 536 bytes long Observe that the data bytes are interleaved two bytes at a time A1A2 for Channel 1 then B1B2 for Channel 2 then A3A4 for Channel 1 then B3B4 for Channel 2 etc There must be an equal number of bytes for Channel 1 A and for Channel 2 B Dual Waveform Files are received over the bus in the ZA or ZL block format NOTE A waveform file may be sent as more than one physical block If the last character of an A block is not sent with the GPIB END message then another block may be sent Both dual and single waveform files are executed by using LOAD THISWAV WAV or LOAD TESTWAV WAD followed by a GO command Optionally addition
167. he present value the REL argument may be used FORMAT CH1 OFFSET arg2 1 1 arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS signed number from 0 and 5 V with unit designator mV or V In RELATIVE REL mode a signed number from 0 to 10 V arg2 word RELATIVE REL Optional DEFAULTS Power up 0 V EXAMPLES COMMANDS COMMENT CH1_OFFSET 1 05V The CH1 offset will be set to 1 05 V by these commands CH1_OFFSET 1 05 V C10 1 05 NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 49 5 Operating Over the GPIB Channel Parameter Command CH1 OUTPUT CH2 OUTPUT C2P Controls the requested state of the CH1 or CH2 output relays and acts as an enable to the output control The output will be connected when the output enable is on and the mode of the AFG allows the channel to be on Channel 1 output will be on whenever a waveform is active and CH1 OUTPUT ON NOTE Turning SUM ON forces OUTPUT ON CH2 OUTPUT OFF CH1 OUTPUT may be controlled while SUM is ON CH2 OUTPUT may not When SUM is turned off the state of OUTPUT and CH2 OUTPUT are restored to what they were when SUM was turned ON Channel 2 output wil be on whenever a dual waveform is active and CH2 OUTPUT ON and SUM OFF FORMAT C1P arg CH1 OUTPUT arg VALID ARGUMENTS The words ON OFF ALT DEFAULTS Power up ON EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS CH1 OUTPUT ON The output enab
168. he short form FIS EXT INT FIFO SOURCE select the source of the FIFO default is INTernal which allows the FIFO to be loaded from the GPIB using the FIFO LOAD command If the source is internal then the External Real time Port is disabled If the EX Ternal source is selected the FIFO is loaded from the External Real time Port and the FIFO LOAD command is disabled CLEAR or the short form FIC This command resets the FIFO pointers effectively clearing FIFO contents The FIFO is also cleared at power up by the FIFO MODE FIFO SOURCE and the ABORT commands FIFO_LOAD lt link address repeat count or the short form FIL link address repeat count Load the FIFO with the specified link address and repeat count from the GPIB This command is ignored if SOURCE is set to External or if FIFO MODE is off Appendix 1 SEQUENCE FILE COMMANDS The four commands usable only in Sequence files are PAUSE START LOOP and NOTE All are described below PAUSE format PAUSE arg 1 arg 1 number between 2 and 24000 NR3 format acceptable possible errors 91 command only valid in batch 90 batch mode error 1 argi out of limits This command causes the AFG to do absolutely nothing until the specified number of tics of the 10 msec internal clock have occurred Only hardware controlled functions such as waveform generation continue during a pause Examples of things that don t continue
169. i DO to D10 is the control index 0 to 2047 0 9100 RT FIFO Reading 10 8 Repeat count Representation Decimal 1 0000 0 2 0001 1 8 0010 2 4 0011 8 5 0100 4 6 0101 5 7 0110 6 8 0111 7 9 1000 8 10 1001 9 11 1010 10 12 1011 11 13 1100 12 14 1101 18 15 1110 14 16 1111 15 NOTE Subtraction of 1 from the desired repetition count applies ONLY to FIFO MODE EXTERNAL When writing to FIFO in INTERNAL mode with FIFO LOAD the repetition count argument is the actual unmodified number of desired repetitions An example of how waveforms will be generated by interaction of control memory and FIFO contents is given later in this chapter NOTE It is very important that there be no activity on the WRITE input of the external Real Time port during the time that the AFG ts performing its power up calibration routine If WRITES occur during this time period the AFG may not find what it expects when it looks at the FIFO and will therefore assume that the option is NOT installed When the waveform is started by the GO command the start address in the FIFO if any is latched into a register When a segment linked with the jump option is encountered the memory location pointed to by this register is jumped to and then the next FIFO word is latched into the register If the FIFO is empty the register either remains unchanged if the link used the REPEAT parameter or latches the address of the LOADed segment if the l
170. ied warning a warning for which no more specific error code has been created yet Operating Over the GPIB 5 GUIDELINES Single Words Long form words of four letters or less The word is used in its entirety If the word is over four letters the first three or four letters are used Where conflicts arise between words exceptions are made For example ID SING RCL TGR CM STR Two Words Generally the first letter of the first word plus the first three letters of the second word Exceptions are made for clarity and to prevent conflicts There are four categories of exceptions a The first two letters of the first word and the first two letters of the second word are used when there are conflicts b CH1 and CH2 acronyms are shortened for clarity COMM acronyms are kept consistent with LeCroy Digital Oscilloscopes d DELE DELT use the first four letters Three Words The first letter of each word is used for instance HSM RAM 5 Operating Over the GPIB ACRONYM MEANING 5 16 ARBITRARY ABORT ACTIVE FILES ALTERNATE ARM AUTO BOTH BURST BUS AMPLITUDE CH1_FILTER CH1_INVERT CH1_OFFSET CH1_OUTPUT CH1_ZERO_REF CH2_AMPLITUDE CH2_FILTER CH2_INVERT CH2_OFFSET CH2_OUTPUT CH2_ZERO_REF CALIBRATE COMM_FORMAT COMM_HEADER CLEAR CLOCK_LEVEL CONTROL MEMORY CLOCK M DE PERIOD COMM PROMPT CLOCK RATE
171. ies of a frequency synthesizer with the waveshape programmability of the arbitrary function generator The LeCroy 9100 RT is an internal option for the LeCroy 91XX Series Arbitrary Function Generators AFG s intended for applications that require fast random access selection of output waveforms Waveform selection does not interrupt the current output waveform but rather queues the next waveform When the current waveform is complete the change to the next waveform occurs seamlessly with no disruption or discontinuity in the output Waveform selection can be controlled via a high speed parallel port or via GPIB or RS 232 programming Selection commands are pipelined via a 1024 word first in first out FIFO memory simplifying control timing The minimum time overhead required to set up a change in the output waveform is 72 clock periods 360 nsec at 200 MHz clock using the parallel port Switching between waveforms occurs at end of the current waveform without loss of data The 9100 RT Real Time Waveform Sequencing option is intended for applications such as radar data communications o electronic countermeasures and data storage where fast random access selection of application specific waveforms is essential Typical uses include the creation of random data patterns for error rate testing generating spread spectrum modulation frequency hopping and simulating random amplitude frequency or phase variations Verifying
172. igure 4 44 HEADER OFF TRAILER SEMI RS232_FMT GPIB_FMT L 5 First Page of COMM Menu Figure 4 44 If Page is pressed while Figure 4 44 is displayed the second page of the COMM menu will be shown Figure 4 45 BLOCKSIZE 0 STRDELIM SOURCE GPIB Second Page of COMM Menu Figure 4 45 Where HEADER defines the header format being used in bus communications OFF presents no header with the data SHORT presents the short form of the header and LONG presents the long form of the header TRAILER defines the trailer format used in bus communications when the generator transmits to external equipment Possibilities are CRLF carriage return line feed CR carriage return LF line feed SEMI semi colon or OFF no trailer 5232 FMT is the data format for RS 232 block transfers L 1 or OFF GPIB_FMT is the data format for the GPIB block transfers L A I or OFF BLOCKSIZE sets the blocksize for block transfers over the bus 0 to 65 536 in 8 increments 4 Control Panel Operation STRDELIM defines the ASCII character that the Model 9100 recognizes as a string delimiter SOURCE designates the bus over which the Model 9100 is set to communicate RS 232 or GPIB NOTE See Chapter 5 for additional details on Model 9100 communications commands 5 OPERATING OVER THE GPIB INTRODUCTION REMOTE MODE LOCAL MODE ADDRESSING The generator can be operated over the General Purpose Interface Bus
173. index 4 E WAV generate E WAV 10 times then jump Jump to the waveform with link index 3 D WAV generate D WAV once E WAV 10 times then jump Jump to the waveform with link index 6 G WAV generate G WAV 10 times i e execute the link command twice then jump Jump to the waveform with link index 5 F WAV generate F WAV 4 times then jump Jump to the waveform with link index 1 B WAV generate B WAV twice C WAV B WAV twice C WAV B WAV twice C WAV then jump Jump to the waveform with link index 4 E WAV generate E WAV 10 times then jump generate E WAV 10 times over and over until FIFO has an entry generate E WAV once more then jump 3 The actual binary representation of the FIFO contents index repeat binary code hex code x rrr 11111111111 0 1 0 0000 000 0000 0000 0000 6 1 0 0000 000 0000 0110 0006 4 1 0 0000 000 0000 0100 0004 3 1 0 0000 000 0000 0011 0003 6 2 0 0001 000 0000 0110 0806 5 4 0 0011 000 0000 0101 1805 1 3 0 0010 000 0000 0001 1001 4 1 0 0000 000 0000 0100 0004 empty External Real Time Port Connector type 26 pin male header 3M part 4626 7000 eo LeCroy part 453 211 026 10 10 Using 9100 Option 10 9100 RT Mating Connector 26 pin female header 3M part 3394 6026 LeCroy part 403 220 026 Recommended external cable 26 conductor flat cable 3M part 3365 26 LeCroy part 592 211 026 Maximum recommended length 10 ft Conn
174. ing the F2 button The installed options will be listed the format shown below HS MM 512 CM ENTRIES XXXX RT OPTION XXX The first line describes the installed memory options and maximum installed memory capacity possible entries are Displayed Option Installed HS MM 512K 9100 MM HS MM1 1024K 9100 1 HS MM2 2048K 9100 MM2 HS NO MM 64K NONE HS NO MM 128K NONE 9109 and 9112 or 9100 EM 9100 and 9101 The amount of high speed memory available can be determined by using the VIEW menu on the hand held control panel available memory is reported on the last page page 16 of the VIEW menu This page should appear similar to this 9100 1 MM2 0 Using The Control Memory Image Functions Learning CMI File RAM 372987 BYTES HS 1048064 BYTES 2048 BYTES The second line lists the available high speed memory in bytes This same information is available using the VIEW query via either the GPIB or RS 232 interfaces EASYWAVE reports all the installed options the total memory capacity and the available memory whenever the user enters the Operate Arbitrary mode The remote command MEMORY is a query command which returns an ASCII string which reports the available high speed waveform memory via the GPIB or the RS 232 interface The expanded memory options include the ability to learn and recall control memory image CMI files These files contain all the information
175. ingle channel output for standard function ramp wave RMOD Would return either SINGLE or SING or DUAL reflecting the current setting 5 87 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function RAMP PERIOD RPER Sets the period of the ramp generated by the RAMP standard function This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT RAMP PERIOD arg1 arg2 RPER 1 2 RAMP PERIOD RPER VALID ARGUMENTS number representing the time duration of the ramp in seconds from 40 nsec to 100 0 sec arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 1 psec EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS RPER 10us Sets ramp period to 10 psec If a standard function ramp is being output this takes effect immediately 1E 6 REL RPER is increased by 1 psec RPER Returns the current setting Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function RAMP PHASE RMPP This command sets the starting point of the standard function ramp Unlike SINE CH1 PHASE but like TRIANGLE PHASE and SQUARE PHASE this command s first argument is not in degrees but is in time from 0 to period This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT RAMP PHASE argl arg2 RMPP arg1 arg2 RAMP PHASE RMPP VALID ARGUMENTS argi number representing the time offset into the wave from 0 to the period or INC or DEC arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 0 EXAMPLE COMMAND
176. ink used the ZERO parameter When a new Examples of Operation 9100 RT record is put into the FIFO it will be transferred to the register after its current contents are used at the end of the segment being generated and actually used when the next JUMP is encountered 1 Program the wave via individual commands or with a sequence file The sequence file may be built and sent via EASYWAVE or other GPIB or RS 232 methods Index Command Meaning 0 LOAD A WAV Generate A WAV once then advance to next linked segment 1 LINK B WAV 2 Generate B WAV twice then advance to next linked segment 2 LINK C WAV JUMP Generate C gt WAV once then jump as indicated by FIFO 3 LINK D WAV Generate D WAV once then advance to next link segment by FIFO 4 LINK E WAV 10 JUMP Generate E WAV 10 times then jump as indicated by FIFO 5 LINK F WAV JUMP Generate F WAV once then jump as indicated by FIFO 6 LINK G WAV 5 JUMP Generate G WAV 5 times then jump as indicated by FIFO 7 LINK H WAV JUMP Generate H WAV once then jump as indicated by FIFO 2 FIFO contents meaning depends on the link sequence entered as shown above Index Repeat Command 0 Jump to the waveform with link index 0 A WAV generate it then continue with B WAV twice C WAV then jump 6 1 Jump to the waveform with link index 6 G WAV generate G WAV 5 times then jump 10 9 1 0 9100 empty to the waveform with link
177. internal clock generation circuitry Selects the edge of the external clock that the generator will respond to Sets the source for the generator clock to Internal or External Selects the source for arming the trigger Sets the delay from the trigger point to start Sets the threshold for an external trigger Sets the mode in which the waveform is generated Continuous Recurrent Single Burst or Gated Sets the triggering slope of an external signal Selects the source of the trigger signal Sets the delay of the marker pulse Set whether TRIGGER DELAY and MARKER DELAY will be set in either POINTS or TIME 5 113 5 Operating Over the GPIB COMMUNICATIONS COMMANDS COMM FORMAT CFMT COMM HEADER CHDR STB TSTB MASK STANDARD FUNCTION COMMANDS STANDARD STAN SINE SINE MODE SMOD SINE FREQUENCY SIFR SINE PHASE 5 SINE CH2 PHASE SC2P SQUARE SQU SQUARE MODE SQMD SQUARE FREQUENCY SQFR SQUARE PHASE SQUP SQUARE RELATIVE PHASE SORP TRIANGLE TRI TRIANGLE MODE TRIM 5 114 Determines the data format for block transfers over the bus Defines the header format LONG SHORT or OFF used in bus communications Causes the AFG to send its status byte Clears the byte Same as STB but the byte is not cleared Masks bits of the specified status byte Selects Standard Function Generation Mode Select sine wave as the current standard function o Select
178. is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corp 2 22 3 PREPARATION FOR USE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT Voltage Selection and Fuse Check Power Cable GPIB Address Selection OPERATIONS The Model 9100 should be operated only within the following environmental limits Temperature 15 C to 35 C in spec 0 C to 40 in operating Humidity 40 C 10 to 95 relative non condensing Specifications are rated from 415 C to 435 The Model 9100 has been designed to operate from either a 115 V or 220 V nominal power source On the rear panel of the instrument a switch permits user selection of either voltage Also on the rear panel separate fuses are provided for each voltage Prior to powering up the Model 9100 make certain that the voltage selector switch is set to whichever of those two voltages corresponds to the available power supply and that the fuse for that voltage is intact and properly installed CAUTION The Model 9100 will fail to operate and could be damaged if plugged into a voltage other than that which the voltage selector switch on the rear panel is set Thus correct line voltage selection MUST be made before plugging the instrument in or turning it on The Model 9100 has been designed to operate from a single phase power source with one of the current carrying conductors neutral conductor at ground earth potential Operation from power sources in which both curre
179. ital Outputs will represent the second point of the waveform file In a similar way when the 9109 has completed executing a waveform and is waiting for a trigger arm the Analog output will be at the last point of the waveform file while the Digital Outputs will be at the first point of the waveform file The user should be aware of the fact that the clock delivered to the front panel Digital Outputs is derived directly from the internal clocks to the Analog Card While the Analog Card has an output connect relay which can mask much of the procedures for initialization the Digital Output card does not mask these initialization sequences As a result there are two pulses on the clock lines of the Digital Output between the GO command and the actual start of the waveform The first pulse has a duration of about 20 msec and the second pulse has a duration of about 50 psec After the second pulse there is duration of about 40 msec until the waveform actually starts The clock delivered by the Digital Output will vary as the 9109 changes from single to dual channel mode In single channel mode the clock will be quite symmetrical and should appear as a square wave When the mode is changed to dual channel mode and a WAD waveform is being executed the appearance of the clock changes The dual channel clock changes to a duty cycle of 3 4 high and 1 4 low in both TTL and ECL modes It is similar to having every other low going clock suppressed
180. layed pressing F1 will access the filter submenu which is similar but not identical to a parameter delta submenu The filter submenu has an ON OFF toggle allowing F2 to shut the filter off F3 and F4 represent prompts for MORE and LESS but the filter control has no delta This is because the filters in the 9100 are in fixed increments 1 MHz to 100 MHz in 1 3 steps 4 33 4 Control Panel Operation Channel 2 Waveform Attribute Menus Controlling The Timebase 4 34 Accordingly if the filter is set at 1 MHz pressing F3 MORE vill change the setting to 3 MHz then 10 MHz 30 MHz 100 MHz and finally off which is displayed as O Pressing LESS however will step the filter value through the same sequence in reverse Any value can be entered in the screen that says FILTER NEW FILTER but the instrument will automatically select the next higher bandwidth of the five filters between 1 MHz and 100 MHz Entering 15 MHz for example will result in the 9100 acting as if 30 MHz was entered To access the Channel 2 main menu press the CHAN 2 key and the first page of a three page Channel 2 main menu will appear on the 9100 CP screen The Channel 2 main menu allows setting of amplitude offset filter output Z reference and invert commands for Channel 2 independent of the settings for Channel 1 The Channel 2 main menu is with one exception identical in form and use to the Channel 1 main menu described ab
181. le for CH1 is turned on If waveform is active the output relay for CH1 will be turned on C1PzOFF The enable for CH1 is turned off If the output relay for CH1 was on it will be turned off NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain strings 5 50 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Channel Parameter Command CH1 ZERO REF CH2 ZERO REF C1Z C22 This command specifies the point on the vertical axis of lhe CH1 CH2 waveforms that represents the DC Offset level of the output If the DC Offset is zero then this command specifies the zero volt reference point for the waveform Since there are 256 levels in the amplitude of the waveform 8 bits the C1Z or C2Z can be set anywhere from 0 to 255 If it is desired to increase or decrease present value then REL may be used as an argument FORMAT CH1 ZERO REF arg2 C1Z 1 arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS 1 floating point number from 0 to 255 When used with RELATIVE command this is a signed number otherwise this is an unsigned number arg2 the word RELATIVE REL DEFAULTS Power up 127 5 EXAMPLE COMMANDS COMMENTS CH2_ZERO_REF 0 These commands set zero C1Z20 reference to 0 bottom of waveform then corresponds to DC offset level C2Z 255 Set zero reference to 255 top of waveform then corresponds to DC offset level NOTES 1 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 2 Query respones will be of the form C
182. lected on the Standard Function Submenu the Standard Square Attribute Submenu is displayed Figure 4 24 4 27 4 Control Panel Operation Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Triangle Function 4 28 F1 890 MODE SING F2 FREQUENCY F3 C1 START gt F4 C2 REL ST gt Standard Square Attribute Submenu Figure 4 24 Where SQU MODE F1 selects single or dual channel square wave generation FREQUENCY F2 selects a submenu from which the frequency of the generated square wave may be set from 0 01 to 100 0E 6Hz in single mode 0 01 to 50 0E 6Hz in dual mode Units can be Hz kHz or MHz C1 START F3 selects a submenu from which the start time of the waveform may be set The allowed range is from 0 0 to the currently set period of the square wave C2 REL ST F4 selects a submenu from which the start time of the channel 2 output relative to the channel 1 output may be set e The allowed range is from 0 0 to the currently set period This attribute has no meaning for single channel operating mode WHEN F3 TRIANGLE is selected on the Standard Function Submenu the Standard Triangle Attribute Submenu is displayed Figure 4 25 F1 TRI_MODE lt SING F2 FREQUENCY gt F3 C1 START gt F4 C2_REL_ST gt Standard Triangle Attribute Submenu Figure 4 25 Selecting Attributes Of The Standard Ramp Function Control Panel Operation 4 Where TRI MODE F1
183. ll Hl 1 bd 21 220 V Fuse Used only for 220 V operation 1 5A fuse required 2 TYPE AA 3 220 VAC 420 47 63Hz SOVA BATTERY CASE Line Voltage Selector Switch This switch should be properly set before in serting line cord into power receptacle Upper position for 115 and lower posi tion for 220 9100R BNC Mounting Holes In the Model 9100 the blank holes are covered with metal plugs In the Model 9100R the normal front panel signal BNC connectors are located here and a special front panel without connectors is Figure 2 6 mounted 2 13 2 Product Description CLOCK IN REF A 4 MHz reference oscillator amplitude between 1 and 4 V p p may be used as the 9100 reference oscillator instead of the internal crystal It is input here and the signal is AC coupled 2 CLOCK IN EXT The internal synthesizer may be bypassed altogether and the 9100 can be driven by a clock signal that is input to this connector This input is selected via the CLOCK SOURCE command 3 CLOCK OUT 1 Ungated clock output at the point rate for single channel waveforms or twice the point rate for dual chan nel waveforms CLOCK OUT 2 Gated clock output for master slave op eration SPECIFICATIONS WAVEFORM OUTPUTS Product Description 2 Channels 2 D C Accuracy 1 0 of level or 1 0 of Full Scale amplitude or 20 mV whichever is greater Resolution 8 bits 256 levels Dynamic Range
184. ly via either GPIB or RS 232 All details of operation over GPIB are lo cated in Chapter 5 of this manual The command syntax and operation over GPIB and RS 232 are identical with a few ex ceptions outlined in the section covering RS 232 Once arbitrary waveform files are transferred into the RAM disk via the GPIB interface or the RS 232 all other operations can be controlled locally from the control panel This includes load ing waveforms from the RAM disk into the Waveform Generat ing Circuit setting all waveform attributes and executing se quence files and setup files as well as accessing status sum maries Operation of all standard functions are supported via the 9100 CP control panel For complete instructions on oper ating via the control panel refer to Chapter 4 This is the block which takes the waveform files and converts them into an analog waveform Brief block diagrams are shown in Figures 2 3 and 2 4 The five main subcircuits are the trig ger time base waveform memory digital to analog converter and signal conditioner An understanding of some of the internal architecture will help explain the response of the analog output to various combina tions of output amplitude and offset while in different operating modes Refer to the signal conditioning section of Figure 2 4 Under ideal circumstances the 9100 will choose the post amplifier atte nuators to achieve the requested amplitude This allows the am plifier
185. may be executed only after being stored Likewise waveform files may be loaded into high speed memory only after having been stored file transfers are block format FORMAT STORE arg VALID ARGUMENTS filename SET for Setups or filename SEQ for Sequence or filename WAV for Single Waveforms or filename WAD for Dual Waveforms VALID DATA BLOCKS 1 or L for both types of waveform files 2 1 for Setup and Sequence files see the beginning of this section on file structures NOTE For information on how to configure 1 and 1 formats see Section 5 1 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS STORE MYFILE WAD Stores MYFILE WAD which is two waveforms interleaved together into file storage space RAM memory EOI must be asserted with the semicolon The block of data must follow immediately NOTES query form of this command 5 35 5 Operating Over the GPIB ACTION COMMANDS Action Command ABORT ABO Stops the waveform currently being generated immediately without waiting for completion of the current repetition FORMAT ABORT EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS ABORT Stops the generation of waveform ABO or ESC A file s in the high speed memory NOTES 1 lt ESC gt A aborts sequence setup file execution if any if none it aborts waveform generation 2 No query form of this command 5 36 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Action Command ARBITRARY ARB Selects arbit
186. mbers are interpreted as characters is always used for SETUP and SEQUENCE files 5 106 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Communications Command COMM HEADER CHDR Defines the header format used by the 9100 in response to queries FORMAT CHDR arg COMM HEADER arg VALID ARGUMENTS OFF SHORT LONG arg OFF presents no header with the data SHORT presents the short form of the header LONG presents the long form of the header EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS COMM HEADER OFF Data file will be sent with no CHDR OFF header information 5 107 5 Operating Over the GPIB Communications Commands MASK This command causes a value of a particular STB to be masked 0 or unmasked 1 See Operation of Status Bytes at the beginning of Chapter 5 FORMAT MASK 1 arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS argi defines which STB is to be masked and can be any decimalASCII number 1 through 8 arg2 decimal ASCII representation of a byte value where each bit equal to 1 unmasks the corresponding bit in the STB EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS MASK 2 128 This would stop the value 128 on STB 2 from causing SRQ to be generated 5 108 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Communications Command STB STB is the command used to query the 9100 regarding SRQ s on the GPIB If no argument is presented the values of all 8 status bytes are eturned separated by commas If a number 1 through 8 is used as an argument a status byte
187. mory starting at the end of the last waveform previously LOADED or LINKED The LINK command may not be used unless one waveform has been previously LOADED Single waveforms WAV cannot be linked to dual waveforms WAD or visa versa In the event a waveform is linked a multiple number of times it 15 not duplicated in high speed memory HSM This allows extremely complex waveforms to be made up of much simpler individual waveforms which can be used multiple times Additionally this feature can be used to gain even larger apparent HSM by specifying a repetition count for each linked waveform The WAIT argument if present tells the 9100 Series AFG to wait for trigger before executing this segment More precisely it tells the AFG to act as if the entire waveform ended with the segment before this one and this segment is the first one in the next waveform repetition See Specifying the Trigger Mode in Chapter 3 for details on the effect of WAIT in each trigger mode FORMAT LINK arg1 arg2 arg3 where optional items are contained in brackets and items to be replaced are in lower case VALID ARGUMENTS argi filename to link with extension such as A WAD arg2 number between 1 and 4095 inclusive representing the segment repetition count Default if not present 15 1 arg3 WAIT The presence of this argument indicates a pause or wait state before the waveform described by the filename in arg 1 will be output The default if
188. n which that file is listed An 9 sign will appear to the right of that file as soon as that F key is pressed If SHIFT and then SETUP are pressed the screen view will change to that shown in Figure 4 37 SETUP INITIATED SETXXX SET Setup Confirmation Figure 4 37 Where SETXXX SET is the name of the selected file When Figure 4 37 appears all commands in the selected file become the current active channel timebase and trigger commands controlling the Arbitrary Function Generator Press any key when Figure 4 37 is displayed and the instrument operation will continue in accordance with the command inherent in that key In addition to recalling setup files the 9100 CP can be used to create them Whenever the LEARN key is pressed the 4 41 4 Control Panel Operation instrument creates stores a setup of all current channel timebase and TRIG key parameters Such a file is automatically given the file name SETXXX SET where XXX is a number assigned by the AFG The LEARN key can be pressed at any time after which the screen on the 9100 CP will change from whatever it was showing to the display in Figure 4 38 LEARNED SETXXX SET Learn Confirmation Screen Figure 4 38 Press any key to continue using the 9100 CP after a LEARN operation If you press FUNC for example the screen in Figure 4 36 will reappear and you can then press F3 to access a list containing the new se
189. nable or Disable FIFO operations and reset the FIFO Command FIFO MODE ON OFF Short form FIM ON OFF Default is FIFO mode off This command also clears the FIFO 10 5 1 0 9100 RT External FIFO Loading 10 6 3 Select the FIFO source Command FIFO SOURCE INTERNAL EXTERNAL Short form FIS INT EXT Ignored unless FIFO MODE is on Default is internal When the FIFO source is internal the external port is ignored Similarly when the FIFO source is external the FIFO LOAD command is ignored This command will clear the FIFO regardless of the argument 4 Load the FIFO Command LOAD index lt repeats gt Short form FIL index lt repeats gt Ignored unless FIFO MODE is on and FIFO SOURCE is internal Repetition count defaults to 1 if unspecified Example FIFO LOAD 5 4 When this FIFO entry is encountered the next segment generated will be the one whose link index is 5 link indexing starts with the LOADed segment as 0 and this segment will be repeated 4 times NOTE The LOAD command will clear the contents of the real time FIFO It therefore should precede any LOAD operations The 1024 x 16 bit FIFO structure utilized has an access time of 120 nsec To allow for possible differences in propagation delay between the WRITE and data signals we recommend holding the WRITE signal in its active low state for 200 nsec Data should remain valid for 50 nsec after WRITE goes fal
190. nal or terminal emulator to emit its bell tone 3 The service request condition in RS 232C is cleared by issuing the STB query command and reading the response from the 9100 6 RS 232 Interface 7 MODEL 9109 The Model 9109 is member of the LeCroy 9100 Family of AFGs This section provides information specific to the Model 9109 GENERAL DESCRIPTION LeCroy 9109 Arbitrary Function Generator with Digital Outputs provides dual 8 bit TTL or ECL digital outputs and expanded 128 Kbyte waveform memory Each channel outputs latched digital data equivalent to the corresponding analog channel output Digital data can be output from channel 1 at a maximum data rate of 200 Mbytes sec 5 nsec per point in single channel mode dual channel mode data be output from both channels at up to 100 Mbytes sec 10 nsec point Each output channel is independently configurable as either TTL or ECL by internal jumper selection All ECL data and clock lines are provided as differential pairs while the TTL outputs are separated by ground lines The TTL output configuration includes a complementary clock output Digital data and clock signals are available via two 20 pin connectors mounted on the front panel Data is available continuously with no internal masking or blanking provided TTL outputs will drive up to two TTL loads and have an internal 75 1 resistor in series with each data and clock line to reduce reflections
191. nction was being generated it is aborted After issuing this command issuing GO will cause a pulse to be generated using the current settings NOTE Pulse functions are not available for CH2 i e DUAL mode FORMAT PULSE EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS PULSE Select PULSE as the current standard function 5 91 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function PULSE WIDTH PWID This command sets the duration of the high part of the standard function pulse waveform This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT PULSE WIDTH 2 PWID 1 2 PULSE WIDTH PWID VALID ARGUMENTS number from 5 nsec to almost 10 sec arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 200 nsec COMMENTS PWID 27 3nsec Sets pulse width to 27 3 nsec PWID Returns current setting 5 92 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function PULSE PERIOD PPER Select the repetition rate of the standard function pulse This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT PULSE PERIOD argl1 arg2 PPER arg1 arg2 PULSE PERIOD PPER VALID ARGUMENTS argi number from 40 nsec to 10 sec or INC or DEC arg2 Optional REL DEFAULT Power up 2 msec EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS PPER 1 234msec Sets pulse period to 1 234 msec PPER Returns current setting 5 93 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard F
192. nd A through an error code is generated The file is not saved 6 RS 232 Interface RS 232C COMMAND COMM_PROMPT This command is used to define the prompt returned by the 9100 over RS232 FORMAT COMM_PROMPT prompt string VALID ARGUMENTS prompt string An ASCII character string with a maximum of eight characters DEFAULTS AFG gt EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS COMM 9100 gt Changes RS 232C prompt to 9100 gt 6 6 5 232 Interface 6 5 232 COMM RS SRQ This command is used to define the service request response sent over RS232 which is equivalent to receiving a service request 5 via GPIB FORMAT COMM RS SRQ bytei byte2 byte3 VALID ARGUMENTS bytel byte2 byte3 Valid decimal ASCII characters or control codes DEFAULTS ASCII 7 Control G Bel EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS COMM RS SRQ 61 Sets SRQ response on RS 232C to COMM RS SRQ 83 82 81 Sets SRQ response on RS 232C to SRQ QUERY RESPONSE COMM RS SRQ returns current 5 response termination sequence NOTES 1 This sequence is sent by the 9100 over the RS 232C interface to indicate a condition requiring an operator s attention A summary of required service conditions status bytes and status byte masks are included in the GPIB programming section Chapter 5 of the operating manual 2 The default condition is Control G or BEL which will cause the 5 232 termi
193. necessary to re generate a multi segment waveform originally described by the operator entered linked sequence Since AFG s with expanded memory can use up to 2048 linked segments the ability to recall such a complex waveform with a single command represents a considerable productivity savings The use of CMI fies requires that all waveform files originally specified in the linked sequence exist in the waveform memory In general if only store operations have occurred in the AFG since the CMI file was learned then restoring the CMI will work without problem Deletion of any waveform file included in a control memory image will cause the recalled CMI file to be inoperative The first step in using the CMI files is to enter a linked sequence describing a waveform into the AFG This is done in the course of normal operation using GPIB RS232 commands sequence files or by direct manual entry via EASYWAVE software or by means of the hand held control panel For example the user enters the linked sequence by running the following sequence file LOAD 1 LINK B WAV 3 LINK C WAV 1 LINK A WAV l GO END The CMI file can be learned using the GPIB RS232 command LEARN CMI via learN cmi in EASYWAVE or by using the 9 3 9 9100 MMI 2 9 4 LEARN key hand held control panel example of learning a CMI file using the hand held control panel follows Press the FUNC key Press the PAGE key
194. nse to the GO command Their relationship to the waveform output s is the same as in single mode The START pulse is actually generated near the end of any given waveform cycle which given the nature of continuous operation roughly corresponds to the beginning of the next cycle The absolute timing from the START output to the first waveform point will vary depending on the number of points contained in the waveform file Since the intent of the START pulse in this mode is merely as a convenient triggering signal for an oscilloscope the exact timing relationship is non critical See Figure 3 3 Gated In this mode the GO command again puts the first point s of the waveform at the analog output s The SYNC and MARKER outputs are generated in response to the gate signal s transition from the closed state to the open state as determined by the TRIGGER SLOPE and TRIGGER LEVEL settings in the same manner as in single trigger mode Transitions on the analog output are delayed by TRIGGER DELAY as in single mode The START pulses are generated near the end of each cycle within the gate signal s active interval as in continuous mode The number of repetitions is determined by the duration of the true state of the gate input and one START pulse will occur for each repetition The waveform will continue to its natural completion after the gate closes and the analog output s will make the transition from the last point back to the first p
195. nt carrying conductors are live with respect to ground such as phase to phase on a tri phase system is not recommended The instrument is provided with a three wire electrical cable containing a three terminal polarized plug for line voltage and safety ground connection The plug s ground terminal is connected directly to the frame of the unit For adequate protection against electrical hazard this plug must be inserted into a mating outlet containing a safety ground contact The Model 9100 s 8 segment GPIB address switch is located on the instrument s rear panel Segments 1 and 2 are unused Segment 3 selects the communication source A 1 selects GPIB and 0 selects RS 232 3 1 3 Operations Segments 4 through 8 on the switch are used for GPIB address selection as shown in Figure 3 1 1 GPIB 0 RS 232 Address QU 00000000 1684 2 1 Binary Equivalent For Example Not a valid address 0002 0 automatically defaults to 1 00 121 default address 00 1 17 Typical Address 11 1231 Not a valid address automatically defaults to 1 Valid Addresses are 1 through 30 Figure 3 1 GPIB Selection and Addresses RS 232 Switch Setup Refer to Chapter 6 Power On Procedure As described in the preceding sections the first steps in operating the Model 9100 is to be sure that it is properly connected to line power that it is properly fused and that the selector switch on the rear panel is set to
196. ntainer s should be checked against the enclosed Packing List and short ages reported to the carrier promptly If the shipment is dam aged in any way please notify the carrier If the damage is due to mishandling during shipment you must file a damage claim with the carrier The LeCroy field service office can help with this LeCroy tests all products before shipping and packages all products in containers designed to protect against reasonable shock and vibration LeCroy warrants its instrument products to operate within speci fications under normal use and service for a period of one year from the date of shipment Component products replacement parts and repairs are warranted for 90 days This warranty ex tends only to the original purchaser Software is thoroughly tested but is supplied as is with no warranty of any kind cov ering detailed performance Accessory products not manufac tured by LeCroy are covered by the original equipment manu facturers warranty only In exercising this warranty LeCroy will repair or at its option replace any product returned to the Customer Service Depart ment or an authorized service facility within the warranty pe riod provided that the warrantor s examination discloses that the product is defective due to workmanship or materials and has not been caused by misuse neglect accident or abnormal conditions or operations The purchaser is responsible for the transportation and insur ance
197. nto a specified file name or default name Causes the named waveform to be added to the high speed memory beginning at the end of the last waveform previously LOADED or LINKED Causes a specified waveform to be moved from the RAM memory to the operating memory Used to cause a Sequence file to resume execution Causes the generator to send the contents of the specified file Causes Waveform Setup or Sequence files to be moved from the GPIB to the generator s internal RAM memory STORE must be used to transfer files to RAM memory before a LOAD command can be used to transfer them to High Speed Memory Immediately stops the waveform being generated without waiting for its end point Selects Arbitrary Function Mode Arms the trigger from the bus Initiates a self calibration cycle Resets all instrument settings to the power up defaults 5 111 5 Operating Over the GPIB GO NEXT SELFTEST SEL SETUP SET SEQUENCE SEQ STOP TRIGGER TGR CHANNEL PARAMETER COMMANDS CH1 AMPLITUDE C14 CH1 FILTER C1F CH1 INVERT 11 CH1 OFFSET C10 OUTPUT ZERO REF 12 CH2 AMPLITUDE CH2 FILTER C2F CH2 INVERT C2I CH2 OFFSET C20 CH2 OUTPUT C2P CH2 ZERO REF 22 5 112 Causes the waveform s loaded into High Speed Memory to be executed generated Used to continue a sequence file after WAIT Performs SELFTEST Causes the named setup file to be executed Caus
198. o 1 05 TLEVz1 05 V FRONT PANEL CONTROL INDICATORS Command only applicable to front panel external TRIGGER GATE input NOTES Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings 5 Operating Over the GPIB Trigger Command TRIG MODE TMOD This command determines how the waveform is generated It can be generated in one of five ways CONTINUOUS where the waveform starts again with the very next clock cycle after its last programmed point RECURRENT after completing its last programmed point the waveform starts again but with a programmable delay DELAY command SINGLE where the waveform runs only once after receiving n external or manual trigger BURST where the waveform runs a programmed number of repetitions upon receipt of an internal or external trigger then stops GATE where the waveform runs continuously after a gate signal is detected above threshold at the Trigger Gate input The gated signal stops after the gate signal drops below threshold See also TRIG ARM SOURCE and TRIGGER SOURCE commands FORMAT TRIG MODE argi arg2 TMOD arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS 1 CONTINUOUS CON 2 RECURRENT REC 3 SINGLE SING 4 BURST BUR 5 GATE 2 Any integer number from 0 to 65 535 It specifies the number of waveform cycles to be repeated NOTE arg2 is valid only when used with either the RECURRENT or BURST arguments DEFAULTS Power up CONTINUOUS Unspecified Command
199. oint after the trigger re arm time of 9 4 1 2 points The AFG then waits for the next transition of the gate signal See Figure 3 7 for an overview of timing relationships in gate mode Recurrent In recurrent mode trigger delay is defined as the time from the end of the natural duration of the last point of one occurrence of the waveform i e 1 clock period after the transition to the last point to the beginning of the natural duration of the first point of the next occurrence i e 1 cycle before the transition to the second point Our discussion of this operating mode will therefore commence with the end of a 3 19 3 Operations 3 20 waveform occurrence The last point is held for its normal duration plus 9 4 1 2 points while the trigger re arms The output s then make makes the transition to the first point The SYNC output occurs 15 8 points after the transition to the last point i e 14 7 points after the last point s normal duration The START pulse occurs TRIGGER DELAY points after the normal duration of the last point or TRIGGER DELAY 1 points after the transition to the last point The first point of the waveform is held for one period after the leading edge of the START pulse Figure 3 6 shows an overview of recurrent mode timing More detail in shown in Figure 3 9 3 CONTINUOUS MODE OPERATION This mode is used to loop on the programmed waveform in a continuous
200. ol Panel Operation 4 Changing Amplitude Value F1 CH1 gt F2 OFFSET gt F3 ZREF F4 OUTPUT EN OFF Channel 1 Main Menu First Page Figure 4 11 To determine the current value of amplitude settings you have to access line 1 where C1 AMP stands for Channel 1 amplitude Pressing F1 when Figure 4 11 is displayed will result in the screen changing to the parameter delta submenu shown in Figure 4 12 F1 current value F2 DELTA current value F3 MORE lt Fd LESS lt C1 Channel Amplitude Submenu Display Figure 4 12 Note the cursor before the value A new amplitude value can be entered simply by entering the new first digit The menu of Figure 4 13 will be deployed and the rest of the new value can be entered In this figure AMP is set to its default condition of 1 0 V If that amplitude is acceptable press BACK and the first page of the Channel 1 main menu will appear as shown in Figure 4 11 Pressing F1 with the screen of Figure 4 12 displayed will change the screen to that shown in Figure 4 13 Note that no F keys are used in this menu the cursor shows the position of number to be entered 4 Control Panel Operation AMP current value NEW AMP Cursor Amplitude Change Submenu Figure 4 13 The current amplitude is shown on line 1 The default power up level of amplitude is 1 000 V To change amplitude to 2 V press
201. omma followed by a group of spaces to a single comma For readability this manual uses underscore between the words of a multi word command header and comma between parameters Semicolon is treated as an end of command delimiter question mark is an end of command delimiter for queries NOTE Over GPIB EOI may be sent with the last character of command instead of sending a semicolon In effect the EOI causes a semicolon to be appended to the command if the last character is not semicolon Some examples of the use of delimiters are clock rate 10M Hz OK clock rate 10MHz clock rates10M Hz OK clock rate 10M Hz OK clock rate 10 2 OK clock rate OK query clock rate 10MHz wrong space before comma clock rate 10 MHz wrong space inside the parameter clock rate wrong no parameter but not a query o Operating Over the GPIB 5 Errors in message syntax are trapped and can be reported via the GPIB Refer to the section on Error Reporting for details GPIB END must be received for a command to be processed 5 5 5 Operating Over the GPIB e IEEE 488 STANDARD MESSAGES Receiving the Device Clear Message The generator responds to the Device Clear Message by clearing any incomplete entries or messages When addressed to listen it responds equally to the Selected Device Clear SDC message or the device dependent messages CLEAR or lt gt It responds to the Device Clear DC
202. orm repetitions no Marker pulse will be generated Also at clock rates greater than 10 MHz the width of the Marker pulse nominally 100 nsec may be reduced if it is positioned within 100 nsec of the last point generated START Timing pulse which is output at the beginning of each iteration of the waveform SYNC Is a pulse that occurs approximately 2 clock cycles after receipt of trigger and is synchronized to the selected clock source Product Description 2 REAR PANEL CONNECTIONS AND CONTROLS Batteries This compartment contains 2 Lith ium batteries for powering the RAM disk mem ory The compartment door is easily opened for battery replacement 3 GPIB Connector Standard IEEE 488 connector RS 232 25 pin DIN panel mounted fe male connector GPIB Address Configuration Dip switch The right most 5 switches bits are used to set the address Note the LSB is marked and is the rightmost bit A switch in the up posi tion is a 1 and in the down position a 0 The sixth switch from the right is used to specify whether the 9100 powers up with the GPIB or RS 232 as the default active interface The last 2 switches are unused PIB AC GPIB ADDRESS CLOCK IN SOA ext LI RtF RS 232 Configuration Dip switch This switch is used to set up the RS 232 parameters 7 Connector IEC type 8 115 V FUSE Used only for 115 V operation 3A fuse required o
203. ou can default to one repetition and terminate by pressing ENTER Also as with LOAD LINK is confirmed with a screen that names the linked file and tells you that it has been LINKED Press any other key to continue after that The link command accepts an additional argument WAIT The purpose of this argument is to permit each trigger to cause output of different waveform segments in single trigger mode To enter a link with wait command from the 9100 CP hand held control panel press the TRIG button instead of the ENTER button after entering the number of segment repetitions for LINK The wait argument if present tells the 9100 Series AFG to wait for trigger before executing this segment More precisely it tells the AFG to act as if the entire waveform ended with the segment before this one and this segment is the first one in the next waveform repetition See Chapter 3 for details NOTE 1 Neither loading or linking will occur unless a waveform has first been selected 2 The number of repetitions is the number of times the waveform will be executed 3 The number of repetitions for LOADed or LINKed waveforms if CONTINUOUS or GATED triggering is used controls how many reps occur between START pulses 4 Whenever a waveform is loaded any waveform that had previously been loaded or linked is cleared from high speed memory Standard Waveforms EXECUTING WAVEFORMS ABORTING WAVEFORMS ACCESSING THE
204. ource the waveform will be output Meaningful only if 9100 is in a triggered mode not free running and a waveform is active Talk Indicates 9100 is currently addressed to talk Listen Indicates 9100 is currently addressed to listen SRQ Indicates 9100 is asserting SERVICE REQUEST 3 Waveform Active LED When lit indicates waveform is loaded and running 2 CHAN 1 or CHAN 2 invert LED s The waveform for the indicated channel is inverted if one of these is lit 5 Self Test Controls The self test is performed automatically on power up and can be invoked at any other time by pressing the pushbutton to the right of the self test LED The self test LED is lit when the Model 9100 is performing the self test If the self test procedure identifies a fault the test fault LED will flash temporarily If the test fault LED is lit steadily it indi cates that the 9100 s CPU has stopped functioning 6 Battery Low LED Indicates when the RAM disk back up battery is low When this LED is lit the batteries should be re placed by an equivalent pair of 3 V lithium cells Local LED When lit means the 9100 is being controlled via the 9100 CP control panel or RS 232 When off the 9100 is capable of responding to commands from GPIB The 9100 is in the local state on power up Waveform Output Status LED s CHAN 1 Indicates waveform being output on Channel 1 When blinking an overload has occurred The overload can be cleared by enabling the
205. ove That exception is that there is no SUM command or XSUM external sum command in the Channel 2 main menu to sum Channel 2 into Channel 1 or use XSUM use the Channel 1 main menu When the CLOCK key is pressed the first of two timebase main menu pages appears on screen Figure 4 32 NOTE If standard functions have been selected then the message No clock control standard function in process will appear All clock control standard function is the standard function frequency or period selections F1 CLOCK RATE F2 CLOCK PERIOD CLOCK LEVEL F4 CLOCK SRC INT First Page of Timebase Main Menu Figure 4 32 Control Panel Operation 4 Where CLOCK RATE gt F1 selects the next submenu which allows setting of internal clock repetition rate from0 05 Hz to 200 MHz Units can be Hz kHz or MHz CLOCK PERIOD gt F2 selects the next submenu which allows setting of the internal clock period from 5 nsec to 10 seconds Units can be nsec usec msec or sec NOTE Although the 9100 CP displays the above parameters with only 4 digits of precision up to 9 digits can be entered 8 if a decimal point is used The entire number entered is transferred to the AFG and the timebase is adjusted to a point as close to that as is possible even though the CP only displays the 4 most Significant digits CLOCK LEVEL gt F3 selects the next submenu which allows setting of the threshold
206. owing command sequence would be used to trigger externally at a 1 V level on the positive slope with the trigger being automatically armed SOURCE EXTERNAL ON TRIG LEVEL 1V TRIG_SLOPE POSITIVE TRIG_ARM_SOURCE AUTO Each output channel has six filter settings that provide additional signal conditioning capability They are intended to help in removing the clock frequency and its harmonics The filter you will select depends on the particular clock frequency you are using and the frequencies to which the circuit being stimulated is sensitive The filters are 3 pole bessel The possible settings are NONE 100 MHz 30 MHz 10 MHz 3 MHz and 1 MHz For example to set the Channel 1 filter to 1 MHz CH1_FILTER 1MHZ Operations 3 DISCONNECTING THE OUTPUT WHILE THE GENERATOR IS RUNNING output of either channel may be disconnected without INVERTING CHANNEL 1 OR 2 SUMMING CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 SIGNALS USING THE EXTERNAL SUM INPUT interrupting waveform generation at the other output or at the timing outputs The commands to do this are OUTPUT on or off CH2 lt or off Either channel may be inverted without changing the waveform file The waveform will be inverted about the zref point The commands to do this are CH1 INVERT on or off CH2 INVERT on or off When running a dual channel waveform the signals may be summed together and output from
207. pendent message The generator responds to commands when it is enabled to Remote REN bus control line is true and it is addressed to listen The instrument remains addressed to listen until it receives a talk address an IFC message or a universal unlisten command Input messages program instrument functions These messages contain a string of device dependent commands Program commands within a message must be separated with the proper delimiter separator and are executed when a message unit terminator Trailer or lt END gt is received There are two levels of delimiters Message Unit Separators Different commands within a message unit must be separated with lt gt The separator between a command Header and the first argument can be any of the following Space SP Equal sign lt gt or a Comma lt gt Each additional argument must be separated with a lt gt For example C1A 3V REL C1Z 100 C1O 0V C1A 3V REL C1Z 100 and are all commands and if sent together in one message unit must be separated by lt gt The 3V 100 and are the first arguments of each of the commands and must be separated from the command header with a space SP equal sign lt gt or comma lt gt Multiple arguments have to be separated by lt gt as REL is for the C1A command At the end of the string a message terminator is required If each command was sent separately each would require a message terminator
208. pplicable to the 9101 5 97 DCMD This page is not applicable to the 9101 5 111 Table 5 6 All commands beginning CH2 or C2 and the SUM MODE or SUM command are not applicable to the 9101 commands SINE MODE SINE 2 PHASE 5 MODE SQUARE RELATIVE PHASE TRIANGLE MODE TRIANGLE RELATIVE PHASE RAMP MODE RAMP RELATIVE PHASE and MODE not applicable to the 9101 8 3 Model 9101 9101 ARBITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR OUTP S O 8 4 9 9100 1 2 9100 MM 1 and MM2 WAVEFORM MEMORY EXPANSION OPTION Description The built in memory expansion option increases the capacity of the arbitrary function generators high speed waveform memory Three option configurations offer incremental expansion of the waveform memory to a maximum capacities shown below Option Maximum Memory Capacity 9100 MM 524 288 bytes 512K 9100 1 1 048 576 bytes 1 M 9100 MM2 2 097 152 bytes 2 M The expanded memory option is compatible with all models of the LeCroy 9100 Series Arbitrary Function Generators NOTE The 9112 High Resolution AFG uses two memory bytes per data point resulting a maximum waveform capacity which is 1 2 the available memory size The expanded memory options are implemented in non volatile battery backed up static random access memory SRAM Backup power is supplied by non rechargeable C size lithium batteries contain
209. pressed to move forwards or backwards through the VIEW pages SHIFT STB pressing this key causes a status byte condition to be displayed in three lines on the LCD display Eight menu pages are used to display the eight status bytes 77 2 Information Keys Figure 4 7 Terminating completed Numeric Entries To terminate complete entry of a numeric entry that is dimensionless key in the number and then press ENTER When units must be changed or added to that number first key in the number Next press SHIFT and then the appropriate 4 10 Control Panel Operation 4 UNDERSTANDING THE 9100 CP MENUS Information Menus Main Menu Selections units key As soon as the units key is pressed entry is completed and ENTER need not be pressed Taken together the lines on a 9100 CP page or series of pages comprise a menu that tells an operator what information must be understood or what actions must be implemented to use each portion of the system In this regard each line on a page falls into one of six categories Specifically a line may be e A filename for operator selection currently selected file indicated Selection indicated by An information item for operator reference values indicated by z A location at which numeric information is entered or modified indicated by D cursor A point at which direct action is initiated indicated by An entry point for a
210. put into effect those settings will become the Model 9100 s current settings new combination of settings can however be made current simply by initiating a different setup file e Alternatively any setting made current by use of a setup file can be changed to a more current setting merely by accessing the proper menu line and changing the setting accordingly e If a waveform is loaded into high speed memory another waveform can become the currently loaded waveform if the 4 19 4 Control Panel Operation loading process is repeated with the second waveform before the GO command is given to execute Additional waveforms can be linked to any currently loaded waveform as explained below Changes Made Prior to Completion of a Numeric Entry If a number has been keyed in or partially keyed in but ENTER or a units key has not yet been pressed that number can be erased by pressing SHIFT and CE Then the number can be re entered as desired Eliminating Arbitrary Waveform Setup and Sequence Files from RAM Disk Memory As shown in Figure 4 8 pressing FUNC results in a main menu that enables selection of arbitrary waveform files standard waveforms setup files and sequence files Any arbitrary waveform setup or sequence file can be deleted from RAM disk memory by a four step process Press FUNC and then the F key corresponding to type of file to be deleted F1 for arbitrary waveforms
211. quire a response may be automated by putting them into a sequence file The sequence file is sent to the 9100 with the STORE command using the ZI block format See Chapter 5 for details Always follow the rules below 3 31 3 Operations 1 Make certain that all commands within a sequence file end with a semicolon 2 Always terminate a sequence with the command END 3 32 4 CONTROL PANEL OPERATION GETTING STARTED WITH THE 9100 CP The 9100 CP Figure 4 1 is an external panel that allows a user without computer intervention to control all aspects of the Model 9100 Series Arbitrary Function Generators except storing downloading of files and recall uploading of files Basic Description LeCroy 9100 CP TRIG STATUS LOCAL 60 loses ed LOAD LINK SHIFT Model 9100 CP Control Panel Figure 4 1 Functions that can be performed using the 9100 CP include Selecting loading linking and executing arbitrary user defined waveforms that have been previously J downloaded from a computer via the GPIB or RS 232C Interface to the Model 9100 s RAM disk storage memory Selecting and executing any of the six standard waveforms sine square triangle ramp pulse and DC incorporated into the Model 9100 4 1 4 Control Panel Operation e Implementing ON OFF selections for Channel 1 and Channel 2 summing and output modes and controlling the amplitude invert offset zero
212. r either with a text editor or a user written program and then downloaded either over GPIB or RS 232 IBM PC COMPATIBLE GPIB CARD AND SOFTWARE This GPIB card and driver software are required to run EASYWAVE 1 2 Product Description 9100 WAVEFORM GENERATION CONCEPT 2 2 from an IBM XT AT compatible Manuals are included with this for detailed operation of GPIB without EASYWAVE Operation of the 9100 AFG via the EASYWAVE software pack age provides full capability without compromise waveforms may be edited at any time and the 9100 can be operated via a full screen interface on the host IBM XT AT NOTE Waveform editing capability has not been provided in the 9100 Series mainframe Some applications may not need to have waveform creation or editing facilities on hand at all times In these cases after the waveforms have been created with EASYWAVE or other user supplied program and downloaded to the AFG non volatile RAM disk the host computer may be disconnected and the AFG can be used as a custom waveform generator with all control accessible via the 9100 CP control panel Some users may need to use other host computers to operate their test systems In this case the basic waveform shapes needed for testing may be edited using EASYWAVE and down loaded into the 9100 or transferred to the test system host com puter The 9100 is a signal source whose output voltage as a function of time can be programmed via an arr
213. r simply enters the parameters needed for example frequency and phase for sine generation and the rest is done automatically The standard functions are accessed under the FUNC main menu key on the 9100 CP For detailed instructions on the menu driven operation of the standard functions see Chapter 4 To operate standard functions under remote control first send the command which forces the 9100 into the particular standard function mode a single word command which is usually the name of the function e g sine pulse and then give the GO command The function will then be output For a detailed explanation of the operation of all related commands see Chapter 5 Listed below are the commands for setting up dual channel 1 MHz sine waves with 20 phase difference between Channel 1 and Channel 2 SINE SINE MODE DUAL SINE FREQUENCY 1MHZ SINE 2 PHASE 20 In standard function modes the clock is set automatically and cannot be controlled independently as with arbitrary functions For this reason all clock related commands are disabled when in a standard function mode When using a 9100 CP if an external clock reference is needed in standard function mode it must be selected when in arbitrary mode and then it will be active when using standard functions It cannot be selected when in standard mode The LeCroy EASYWAVE software running on an IBM XT AT computer is the recommended method of creating and transferring arbitr
214. rary function mode If a standard function was being generated it is aborted In arbitrary mode you have explicit control over the 9100 s clock In this mode you can LOAD and LINK files from the 9100 s file system into its high speed operating memory for generation FORMAT ARBITRARY ARB EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS ARB Select arbitrary function mode NOTES 1 The LOAD command forces ARBITRARY mode 2 Query will respond with an argument of ON or OFF 5 Operating Over the GPIB Action Command ARM Used in conjunction with the TRIGGER ARM SOURCE BUS command to arm the trigger from the bus If TAS BUS is already active invoking the ARM command causes the trigger circuits to be enabled to accept the next trigger FORMAT ARM EXAMPLE COMMAND ARM COMMENTS If the generator TAS was BUS then the trigger circuits would be enabled for the next trigger signal NOTES Query the state of ARM use TSTB 0 See Table 5 1 e Operating Over the GPIB 5 Action Command CALIBRATE CAL Causes the generator to initiate a calibration cycle A CAL cycle occurs automatically at power up and whenever requested using this command It is also executed as part of a SELFTEST command cycle Calibrate writes a file into the 9100 file memory CALERR SEQ This file contains plain text documenting any errors or the lack of errors in the last CALIBRATE This file may be recalled at any time FORMAT
215. rbitrary value The clock however will generally go quiescent in the high state while the Clock will go into the low state The front panel SYNC output may be used to indicate to external circuits that waveform execution has begun If the 9109 is executing a single channel waveform the Channel 2 Digital Outputs contain non valid data but the clock is still running 7 11 7 9109 LeCroy 9109 ARBITRARY FUNCTION GENERATOR DIGITAL OUTPUT INPUTS KEYPAD TRIGGER GATE e625 7 12 9 INTRODUCTION Differences Between 9101 and 9100 Page 2 4 2 9 2 20 3 4 Section Figure 2 2 Figure 2 4 Front Panel Controls and Indicators Figure 2 5 Waveform Outputs Indicators MODEL 9101 The LeCroy 9101 is a single channel version of the LeCroy 9100 Arbitrary Function Generator The 9101 is intended to be as compatible as possible with the 9100 This means that dual channel waveform files may be stored in a 9101 and run even though only channel 1 will be generated Similarly setup files containing channel 2 setup may be run see below Therefore the 9101 is supplied with a 9100 Series manual This chapter specifies differences between the LeCroy 9101 and the LeCroy 9100 the changes may be summarized as follows 1 The front panel of the 9101 does not contain a CHAN 2 waveform output BNC CHAN 2 LED SUM 1 2 LED Internally
216. reversing the disassembly sequence starting from step 10 Recommended TTL interconnection configuration The 9109 is delivered with 75 back terminations on all of the TTL output lines In this fashion no termination resistor is required or desired These 75 resistors are on three socketed DIP resistor arrays U23 U24 and U25 on the 9100 22 Board This resistor is used to match the transmission line impedance taking into account the additional source impedance of the TTL driver The 75 Q resistors match the 100 0 impedance of flat cable fairly well The most important consideration to this scheme is that the load should be as close to an open circuit as possible One or at most two TTL loads should be placed at the termination of the line LS or FAST type TTL gates are recommended with FAST being preferred do to increased low state noise immunity Capacitance at the termination will have a detrimental effect on the rise time of the received signals Every effort should be made to limit parasitic capacitance at the termination of the cable to under 10 pF All grounds should be tied together at the load side of the cable See Figure 7 1 Alternate TTL interconnection techniques If the Digital outputs are terminated with 100 to ground the output logic high level will be reduced by nearly 50 This will not produce a guaranteed TTL logic high and would require the use of a line receiver or comparator to receive the Digital output
217. rnatively pressing an F key may result in display of a submenu from which additional F key selection may be required F1 ARBITRARY F2 STANDARD SETUP F4 SEQUENCE Main Menu that results from pressing the Func key Figure 4 8 Pressing the FUNC key for example will result in a menu of file types That menu is shown in Figure 4 8 Line 1 is ARBITRARY so pressing F1 will therefore access a submenu for selection of arbitrary waveforms Similarly pressing F2 will access a submenu for selection of standard waveforms F3 for setup files and F4 for sequence files In other instances F key selections allow you to look up current parameter settings and then to change those settings as required example of this can be seen by pressing the CLOCK key an action which produces a main menu listing in which line 1 is clock rate line 2 is clock period line 3 is threshold level for an external clock source and line 4 is a selection of internal or external source The special symbols lt and cursor act as question prompts as shown in Table 4 1 Control Panel Operation 4 Table 4 1 Special 9100 CP Display Symbols means go to next submenu for this function using appropriate F key means use F key to do this function or toggle value means value or parameter shown is current value which may be changed by either more less accessing the next men
218. s F2 when Figure 4 17 is displayed Otherwise the procedure is exactly as described above Pressing F3 when Figure 4 17 is displayed will cause a display similar to Figure 4 19 where the segment names are those currently loaded and linked in the Control Memory CM The numbers indicate the number of repetitions for each waveform This display is information only and no action is required A W at the end of a segment s Control Memory listing indicates that the given segment was loaded or linked with the wait option and that the generator will wait until a trigger or in recurrent trigger mode a re trigger is received before outputting the segment in question Control Panel Operation 4 Checking Controls of HS Memory Selecting a Standard Waveform SEGMENTS z WAV MYWAVE 1 TESTWAVE 43 MYWAVE 4095 Loaded and Linked Segments Figure 4 19 Pressing F4 when Figure 4 17 is displayed will cause a display similar to Figure 4 20 where the file names shown are those actually present in High Speed Memory HSM Referring to Figure 4 20 note that MYWAVE WAV is loaded into 5 only once even though it is referenced more than once by the Control Memory CM This display is information only and no action is required MYWAVE WAV TESTWAVE WAV Contents of HSM Figure 4 20 A standard waveform is selected by first accessing the Function Selection Main Menu shown in Figure 4 16 and then pressing F2
219. s should be set in time only since the clock is not under explicit user control See STANDARD for more information If DMOD TIME and the clock rate is changed the 9100 attempts to maintain the specified delay in time This is likely to produce value adapted status Note that when CLOCK SOURCE is EXTERNAL the 9100 does not know the clock s period and is unable to calculate how many points is equivalent to how much time Therefore DELAY MODE POINTS should be used when CLOCK SOURCE is EXTERNAL This command can be used as a query to find the current setting see below FORMAT DELAY MODE arg DMOD arg DELAY MODE DMOD VALID ARGUMENTS POINTS PTS TIME TIM DEFAULT points in Arbitrary Function mode EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS DMOD TIME Make TDEL and MDEL settable in time 5 Operating Over the GPIB EE cc Dp PN M AED MM CC I Cm uc co M c n M H tuam dtu Trigger Command MARKER DELAY MDEL Controls the time position Marker synchronizing output pulse This pulse is available at the Marker Output BNC Its timing is relative to the trigger input and it is only available in the RECURRENT SINGLE or BURST Trigger Modes The MARKER DELAY command sets the delay in clock cycles points or time from the trigger point to the output pulse See DELAY MODE for more information If the RELATIVE REL argument is used the delay will incre
220. se high resulting in a 250 nsec write cycle time The minimum time for a linked wave segment to complete is 360 nsec 72 points 5 nsec point so new records can be written to the FIFO faster than the existing ones can be read out load the FIFO from an external source write to the real time port on the rear panel of the AFC The information on the data input lines is latched into the next available FIFO location on the rising edge of the WRITE input Timing requirements allowing for differing prepegauon delays between the data and WRITE signals are as follows ser 10 I WRITE line must be held low for at least 200 nsec 2 Dataat the connector must be valid for at least 100 nsec before the WRITE line goes high 3 Valid data at the connector must be held for at least an additional 50 nsec after the WRITE line goes high 4 Allow at least 100 nsec from the rising edge of WRITE until the next falling edge on this line DATA 4 80 NSEC For pin locations of the WRITE data and the other FIFO related signals see the External Port definition below FIFO contents Each segment command is loaded into the FIFO as one 16 word formatted as follows 015 msb xrrrriiuiiii DO lsb where each character stands for 1 bit x D15 is unused rrrr D11 to D14 is the repetition count actually 1 less than the number of times the segment is to be output see table below iii iii iii
221. se specifications Start by pressing the VIEW key If the first line of the screen that comes into view says FUNC ARBITRARY the AFG is executing a single arbitrary waveform a series of single arbitrary waveforms linked together or a dual arbitrary waveform In the event that FUNC is followed by STANDARD however the AFG is in standard waveform mode and no particular standard function has been selected If a standard function has been selected the first line of the first page of VIEW will show func SINE SQUARE TRIANGLE RAMP PULSE or DC 4 45 4 Control Panel Operation Determination of arbitrary or standard waveform activity is critical to waveform identification since the generator cannot execute both waveform types simultaneously Identifying Active Arbitrary Waveforms To identify which arbitrary waveforms are loaded and linked and to determine which setup files and sequence files are active press SHIFT and then ACTIVE The top line will include the name of the first waveform loaded the next line the name of the first waveform linked if any are linked with the next lines naming any other linked waveforms After waveforms are listed the subsequent lines will name setup SET and sequence SEQ files that are active If no arbitrary waveforms have been loaded or linked the screen will say NO WAV ACTIVE or NO WAD ACTIVE Similarly NO SET ACTIVE and or NO SEQ ACTIVE will appear when no setup files or
222. sequence consisting of the LOAD and LINK commands described in earlier sections of this manual When the 9100 RT is installed these commands can include added parameters to enable random access selection Real time waveform selection is implemented by modifying the LOAD and LINK commands with the addition of a JUMP flag Whenever a LOAD or LINK command with the JUMP flag set is encountered the address of the next segment to be output is obtained from a first in first out FIFO memory The 16 bit by 1024 word FIFO can be loaded from GPIB from 5 282 from a high speed parallel input portion the rear panel called the Real Time Port The FIFO input contains both the LINK Index which is simply the line number of the waveform segment in the link sequence and a Repetition Count which controls the number of times that the waveform segment specified by the LINK Index will be used as a jump destination When the FIFO memory is empty the generator can either cycle on the last waveform segment specified or jump to the first waveform segment The desired action is selected by means of a user specified parameter with the JUMP Flag Here s an example of how 9100 RT operates refer to accompanying figure The following Link Sequence is entered by the operator via GPIB 5 232 or by execution of a sequence file Operator Entered Internally Assigned Link Sequence Link Index LOAD 1 0 LINK B WAV 2 1 LINK 1 2
223. sequence files have been implemented Another way of identifying active arbitrary waveforms is to press FUNC and then F1 Press F1 again to access single arbitrary waveform files or F2 for dual arbitrary waveform files As the files are listed on screen in each case an asterisk will appear beside an arbitrary waveform file that is loaded or linked Identifying Active Standard Waveforms As mentioned above the first line of VIEW shows an active standard function To access or select standard functions press FUNC and F2 This will result in a 2 page display of standard waveforms with SINE SQUARE TRIANGLE and RAMP on the first page while PULSE and DC are on the second page Use PAGE and or BACK to display the page containing the standard waveform type identified by VIEW as being active Then press the F key corresponding to the line on which that waveform type is shown Pressing F2 on the first standard waveform menu page for example will result in the submenu for square waves and pressing F2 again will show the current frequency of that wave The process is shown graphically by the flow chart shown in Figure 4 41 4 46 ARBITRARY gt STANDARD gt FUNC SETUP gt SEQUENCE Accessing Identifying Active Setup and Sequence Files Reviewing Instrument Settings Accessing the Main Status Byte Condition Control Panel Operation 4 SINE gt E FREQ SQUARE 2 FREQUENCY DELTA
224. set The AMPLITUDE command sets the full scale voltage range that is the voltage swing obtained when the data point value changes from 0 to 255 For example the commands to set both channel amplitudes to 2 3 V would be CH1 AMPLITUDE 2 3V CH2 AMPLITUDE 2 3V ZERO REF sets the data point value whose output voltage does not change when the amplitude is changed think of it as the fixed point or baseline This is also the data point value which when output from the AFG will correspond to the offset voltage This value must fall between 0 and 255 but need not be o constrained only to integer values 127 5 is a valid value and is the default value for this parameter The commands to set zero ref to 0 for unipolar positive operation are CH1 ZERO REF 0 CH2 ZERO REF 0 For unipolar positive operation zref is typically set to 0 For unipolar negative operation zref is typically set to 255 NOTE For an autoscaled waveform i e one that is normalized so that the maximum value is 255 and minimum is 0 to be generated symmetrically about 0 V ZREF should be set to 127 5 and the offset should be set to 0 V OFFSET sets the output voltage obtained when the data point value is equal to zref The following commands set the offset on channel 1 to 1 V and the offset on channel 2 to 2 V CH1 OFFSET 1 2 OFFSET 2 To summarize V nzzref Voffset V 255 V 0 Vamplitude so for a general data point value n V n
225. specified using parameter delta submenus The CLOCK menu on the 9100 CP hand held control panel is blocked while the 9100 is generating one of its standard functions This is because the 9100 automatically sets the clock rate for standard functions However since the menu is entirely blocked it is not possible to change CLOCK SOURCE CLOCK SLOPE or CLOCK REFERENCE from the 9100 CP while executing a standard function To change either of these items while a standard function is being generated press FUNCTION ARBITRARY CLOCK and change the desired items threshold level and slope selection for external clock should also be made at this time then press FUNCTION F2 STANDARD re select the desired standard function and press GO Frequency information presented on the standard function submenus will be incorrect if the external clock source is selected but requesting a lower frequency can add more points to the waveform The point output rate will be equal to the external clock s frequency for single channel functions half the clock rate for dual channel Complete details on the Model 9100 s triggering and trigger control capabilities are found in Chapter 2 For ease of 4 37 4 Control Panel Operation reference the instrument s trigger modes trigger sources trigger arm modes and trigger delays are summarized below Table 4 3 Trigger Modes Arm Modes Sources and Delay Capabilties User Specified delay Des
226. ssuming a 50 load of the output amplifier To calculate the exact value of maximum offset achievable for a given amplitude you first divide the requested amplitude into 10 V This gives you the total attenuation factor that is re quired If this value is less than 32 then the achievable output levels will be anywhere within the 5 V range For attenuation factors greater than or equal to 32 divide the required attenu ation factor by 32 and choose the next higher power of 2 than the result For example if the division yields a result of 11 32 the next higher power of 2 would be 16 This power of 2 is the least amount of post amplifier that will be utilized up to a maxi mum of 64 2 6 The maximum achievable output level is 5 V divided by post amplifier attenuation In requesting an offset value you should be aware that any point of the output waveform which exceeds the achievable output levels due to the combination of amplitude offset and ZREF will generate an error message A clipped or distorted output may also result from exceeding the maximum output levels NOTE The amplifier will appear to operate with reduced per formance for levels up to 125 of the calculated maximum levels When the 9100 detects an output programming which exceeds the maximum levels an warning code of 202 is set into STB4 and bit 4 of STB7 a warning is set The facts described above can be quickly understood with the following example Start by gen
227. st follow the last data byte Please see COMM RS CONF in Section 6 for details The generator will accept both Setup and Sequence files in the 1 block transfer format These files may be thought of as batch files The only difference between the files is the kind of instructions they contain The Setup file should never contain any instructions other than valid instrument setup commands These are the commands which setup the instrument parameters such as Amplitude Clock and Trigger An example of a Setup file as the generator would receive it from the bus is shown below 5 21 5 Operating Over the GPIB Executing Setup File Sequence Files 5 22 160 FOR THIS EXAMPLE THE NAME OF THE FILE IS TESTPROG SET A SETUP FILE 170 i 180 NAMS z TESTPROG SET 310 THE FIRST 2 BYTES ALL SETUP AND SEQUENCE FILES ARE 320 330 INITS z amp 340 350 THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS ARE A SETUP FILE THAT CHANGES THE AMPLITUDE OF 360 CHANNEL ONE TO 5 VOLTS CHANNEL TWO TO 2 VOLTS TURNS OFF SUMMING MODE 370 TURNS OFF THE CHANNEL 1 AND CHANNEL 2 FILTERS AND MAKES THE CLOCK PERIOD 380 EQUAL 100 nsec POINT 10 MHz 390 400 COMMANDS C1A 5V C2A 2V SUM MODE OFF CIF OFF C2F OFF CPER 1 00E 007 410 COMMS INIT COMMAND 420 4 430 WE WILL NOW SEND THE FILENAME AND DATA THE 9100 440 j 450 HEAD STORE NAM 460 CALL IBWRT AFG HEAD write string HEADS to the AFG 47
228. t command and response AFG sifr 41 000E406 AFG sifr 100KHz AFG gt sifr 100 0E 03 AFG gt mem hsm 64512 AFG gt recall calerr seq Recall a file from file memory AFG gt ICalibration completed successfully Internal temperature is approximately 38 10 C Note the prompts AFG gt comm_prompt 9100 gt Change the prompt 9100 gt abort Stop generating a waveform 9100 gt csrc gpib Change the COMM_SOURCE Note There is no prompt after this 6 3 6 RS 232 Interface 5 232 COMMAND 5 232 Command COMM RS CONF This command is used to define the file terminating sequence over RS232 which is equivalent to receiving a byte with EOI via GPIB FORMAT COMM RS CONF bytel byte2 VALID ARGUMENTS byte1 byte2 Any valid hex digit or alpha character used in commands DEFAULTS 26 Control Z EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS COMM RS CONF 42 Sets up a one character termination sequence with as the one terminating character COMM RS 40 41 Sets up a two character termination sequence with as the two character termination sequence QUERY RESPONSE COMM RS returns current terminating sequence NOTES 1 This sequence is sent after the last data byte of a block to tell the 9100 to close the file no more blocks are coming 2 There is no restriction on the value of the one or two bytes making up the termination sequence However it is advisable that the
229. t to be controlled by the 9100 CP When settings are changed to meet the needs of specific operations and or if appropriate commands are given to invoke REMOTE computer control of the instrument different front panel LED s will light up accordingly In the following sections the general format of remote commands will be given to show how certain operations are invoked The argument descriptor will often be shown as the argument name or explanation enclosed in angular brackets For example Command PERIOD desired period The type of argument is not to be entered literally when the command is used The angular brackets and text enclosed should be replaced by the properly formatted argument in accordance with the rules specified in Chapter 5 The argument is typically a number with a unit appended to it with no embedded spaces All commands except for those that transfer files into and out of the 9100 can also be given using the 9100 CP via its menu driven command entry See Chapter 4 for the 9100 CP menu description Standard functions may be generated with the 9100 using the 9100 CP or by command over the bus without loading or using any waveform files The standard function modes completely emulate the usual function generator operation by automatically generating the waveforms needed in the waveform memory In 3 3 3 Operations ARBITRARY WAVEFORMS AND FILE CONVENTIONS 3 4 all these modes the use
230. t another block as part of the same file The last block of a file transfer must be sent with EOI on the last byte FOR HEX ASCII TRANSFER 3 6 Byte Number Byte Value ASCII L ASCII uppercase L lt value count 4th hex digit most significant gt value count 3rd hex digit gt value count 2nd hex digit gt value count Ist hex digit least significan most significant hex digit of data byte 1 least significant hex digit of data byte 1 most significant hex digit of data byte 2 0 least significant hex digit of data byte 2 WD A 4 2N 5 lt msb hex digit of data byte N gt 2N 6 lt Isb hex digit of data byte N gt with EOI if no last block Value count is the number of data bytes you are sending over in this block In this hex ascii representation there are 2 bytes per data value e Operations 3 EOI if sent must be sent with the last byte EOI terminates the file transfer If EOI is not sent the 9100 will accept another block as part of the same file The last block of a file transfer must be sent with EOI on the last byte NOTE When transferring files over the RS 232 interface the last byte must be followed by the character defined by COMM RS CONF as simulting EOI see Chapter 6 LOADING THE WAVEFORM FILES FROM RAM DISK INTO THE WAVEFORM GENERATOR CIRCUIT The simplest type of waveform that we can generate is based on a single waveform file
231. t trigger source or sources selected 4 Control Panel Operation Arming and Firing the Trigger with the 9100 CP WORKING WITH SETUP FILES 4 40 and allows for toggling their condition between ON OFF The sources are EXTERNAL BUS and MANUAL TRIG SLOPE F2 selects whether the external trigger will fire on the rising positive or falling negative edge This command is used only if the trigger mode is SINGLE BURST or GATED TRIG LEVEL F3 selects a submenu which allows setting the threshold level at which an external signal will cause the waveform to start It can be 2 5 V to 42 5 V with 3 digits of resolution TIME MARKER F4 controls the time position of the Marker output pulse by setting a delay of up to a million clock cycles points between the trigger and the Marker output pulse Note that if the Marker delay is programmed for a number greater than the sum of the trigger delay and the total number of points that will be output including segment repetitions links and waveform repetitions no Marker pulse will be generated Also at clock rates greater than 10 MHz the width of the Marker pulse nominally 75 nsec may be reduced if it is positioned with 75 nsec of the last point generated If the Continuous or Recurrent mode is chosen a selected waveform that has been LOADed or LINKed will be executed by pressing GO If Gated mode is selected pressing GO will result in execution as long as the e
232. ted SHIFT NEXT is pressed to continue execution of a sequence that has executed a WAIT command suspending its execu tion LINK To link additional arbitrary waveforms to a LOADed waveform this key is pressed instead of LOAD for the subsequent waveforms after file selection SHIFT SEQ executes the presently se lected sequence file LEARN When this key is pressed all existing setup parameters are saved to a file which is given the name SETXXX where XXX is a sequential number man aged by the 9100 ranging from 1 to 999 Control Panel Operation 4 SHIFT SETUP presently selected setup file SHIFT DELETE can remove a selected file from RAM disk memory SHIFT RESET returns the 9100 to its initial power up state with all settings in their default states 4 9 4 Control Panel Operation Information Keys Provide the user with the current state of the instrument STATUS identifies the current generator status for lockout and trigger state if ap propriate LeCroy 9100 CP SHIFT ACTIVE performs the Active Files function which identifies which waveform setup and sequence files are presently being executed SHIFT COMM displays the present setup of the communications port GPIB or RS 232 VIEW instrument settings are dis played in 17 menu pages when this key is pressed s with all other 9100 CP opera tions the PAGE and BACK keys must be
233. ted waveform is gen erated only once The start of the waveform can be delayed from the trigger point by up to 1 million points 1 2 million in dual channel Burst Upon receipt of a trigger the selected waveform is gen erated the number of times set into the burst counter up to 65 535 start of the burst can be delayed up to 1 million points 1 2 million in dual channel Gated uses the trigger threshold Uses a triggered start and stops at the completion of the current waveform cycle after the gate closes Slope or Range 12 5 V Resolution 20 mV 8 bits Manual Front panel button External External trigger applied via a front panel BNC Bus Trigger from GPIB RS 232 or Control Panel Control Panel Trigger Key Auto Automatically rearms itself Bus Rearmed from the GPIB RS 232 or the Control Panel Trigger sources and arm sources may be individually enabled or disabled Internal triggering is automatically selected in continu ous or recurrent trigger modes Delay Variable from four to one million points 2 to 1 2 mil lion in dual channel Fast Memory Length Single Channel 64 Kpoints Dual Channel 32 kpoints each channel Storage Memory Length RAM Disk 350 Kpoints for waveforms setup and sequence files RAM Disk to Fast Memory Load Rate 250 msec 40 7 psec byte 2 Product Description OUTPUTS Front Panel Rear Panel INPUTS Front Panel Rear Panel Battery back up
234. ters 5 4 Device Clear Message 5 5 DIRECTORY 5 99 Display Keys 4 6 Display Symbols 4 13 Dual Waveform File 5 22 delimiter 5 2 device dependent messages 5 5 E EASYWAVE Software 2 1 END 5 25 ENTER 4 7 4 48 Entry Changes 4 19 EOI 5 4 EXIST 5 98 EXTERNAL_SUM 5 50 Executing of Sequence File 5 22 Executing Setup File 5 20 Executing Waveform Files 5 23 Executing Waveforms 4 44 External Clock Reference 8 27 External Clock Source 3 27 External Sum 3 26 External Triggering 3 25 environmental limits 3 1 INDEX F F KEYS 4 6 FIFO 10 1 MEMORY COMMANDS 10 5 FIFO CLEAR 10 5 FIFO LOAD 10 5 FIFO MODE 10 5 FIFO SOURCE 10 5 FILE CONVENTIONS 3 4 FILTER 4 32 File Handling Commands 5 15 File Structures 5 18 Filters 3 25 FUNC 4 5 FUNCTION 5 97 file message 5 2 G Gate 3 14 Gated 8 17 GO 4 8 e GO 3 28 5 39 Go To Local GTL 5 5 GPIB 5 1 GPIB Address Configuration 2 13 GPIB Address Selection 3 1 GPIB COMMAND SUMMARY 5 109 GPIB 4 49 Group Execute Trigger message 5 5 H HEADER 4 48 HEX ASCII Transfer 3 7 I IDENTIFY 5 101 INVERT 4 32 Information Keys 4 10 Inverting 3 26 L LEARN SETUP 5 26 LeCroy 9100 Command Set 5 15 o INDEX LINK 4 8 4 43 LINK 5 27 Linking 4 22 LOAD 4 8 4 43 LOAD 5 99 Load 8 8 Loading 4 22 LOCAL key 4 3 Local LED 2 11 Lo
235. the LCD display will then ask how many repetitions of that waveform are to be loaded You can respond with any whole number up to 4095 If you just press ENTER the number of repetitions defaults to one Or you can press the number keys corresponding to the desired number of repetitions and then press ENTER Once ENTER is pressed the 9100 CP s screen will change to the display shown in Figure 4 40 LOADED FILENAME WAV Loading Confirmation Figure 4 40 Where FILENAME represents whatever name the selected file has and WAV indicates that file to be a single arbitrary 4 43 i Control Panel Operation 4 44 waveform If a dual arbitrary waveform is selected WAD would appear instead of WAV To continue using the 9100 CP after Figure 4 37 appears press any key After an arbitrary function is loaded into fast memory another arbitrary waveform may be linked to it If desired yet another arbitrary waveform may be linked to that one Linking can continue until all points in the high speed memory are used up or the total number of loaded and linked wave segments is 682 Single arbitrary waveforms however can be linked only to other single arbitrary waveforms Similarly dual arbitrary waveforms can be linked only to other dual arbitrary waveforms To link a selected waveform to waveform s already loaded or linked press LINK The LCD screen will ask how many repetitions are desired As with LOAD y
236. the bus or automatic re arming The bus argument is useful if it is desirable to have the trigger disabled until just before the event The auto argument is useful when a repetitive signal is present on the Ext Trigger input and it is desired that the waveform be re triggered as fast as possible FORMAT ARM SOURCE arg TAS arg VALID ARGUMENTS BUS receives its arming command from the GPIB RS 232 or the Optional Control Panel AUTO automatically re arms itself as soon as the waveform has completed one cycle DEFAULTS Power up AUTO EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRIG ARM SOURCE BUS Receives its arming signal TAS BUS from a bus or the optional control panel TAS AUTO Re arms after each waveform cycle TAS Query 5 63 5 Operating Over the GPIB Trigger Command DELAY TDEL Causes a specified delay in clock cycles points or time from the time of receipt of a trigger to the start of a waveform Can be any value from two to one million points or the equivalent in time If it is desired to increase the value from the present value the RELATIVE argument can be used If the REL argument is used the TRIG_DELAY will be increased or decreased by the specified value See DELAY MODE for more information FORMAT DELAY 1 arg2 TDEL arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS integer value between 2 and 1 E6 In RELATIVE REL mode it can be a number 1 E6 arg2
237. the same voltage as line power Once those steps are complete press the power switch in the upper right corner of the front panel to the ON position The LED above that switch will light to indicate that power is on Also on will be the SELF TEST light in the STATUS rectangle to the left of the power switch This light indicates that the instrument is undergoing calibration which is part of self test When the calibration is complete the self test LED will no e longer be lit 3 2 OPERATING THE 9100 STANDARD FUNCTIONS Operations 3 NOTE It is normal for all front panel lights to flash on prior to self test After calibration the instrument initializes all control settings which takes several seconds During this time the LOCAL LED will be on The remote interfaces are ignored until initialization is complete to avoid any possible conflicts After initialization the message LECROY 9100 appears on the 9100 CP if it is attached If a GPIB controller places the instrument in the REMOTE state during initialization this will be recognized at the end of initialization If the communications source is RS 232 a prompt AFG gt is sent over RS 232 at the end of initialization The instrument is now ready to use in its power up mode All instrument settings will be at their default values and only the POWER and LOCAL LED s will remain lit the Model 9100 powers up in LOCAL mode which means it is at that point se
238. the waveform segment with a Link Index of 0 i e the LOADed segment JUMP REPEAT causes the waveform segment s currently being output to be repeated JUMP command with no secondary parameters defaults to the same operation as JUMP REPEAT NOTE The LOAD and LINK commands with the jump parameter cannot be entered using the 9100 CP Hand held Control Panel They must be entered using EASYWAVE a sequence file or via GPIB or RS 232 command input FIFO Memory Commands 910RT 0 Examples of new LOAD and LINK commands where WAD could be used in place of WAV are LOAD A WAV 1 JUMP LINK B WAV 3 WAIT JUMP LINK C WAV 1 WJZ LINK D WAV 1 JUMP_REPEAT LINK E WAV 1 W JR NOTE The RLINK command is not accepted if the real time option is installed as the operation RLINK performs is achievable using RT commands Internal FIFO programming With the 9100 RT option the AFG firmware includes four new commands none of which are valid if the option is not present The new FIFO commands FIFO_MODE FIFO_LOAD FIFO_CLEAR and FIFO_SOURCE More detail about these commands will be provided below 1 Clear the FIFO Command FIFO_CLEAR Short form FIC The FIFO is cleared at power up by the FIFO_MODE command the FIFO SOURCE command and whenever the ABORT command is issued as well as by the FIFO_CLEAR command The LOAD command which includes an implicit ABORT operation will also clear the FIFO 2 E
239. ther block as part of the same file The last block of a file transfer must be sent with EOI on the last byte BLOCK FORMAT I The I format begins with the characters 1 followed by any number of ASCII characters the last of which must be sent with EOI asserted the standard GPIB END message Operating Over the GPIB 5 Setup and Sequence Files Setup Files BLOCK FORMAT L GPIB or RS 232 ASCII text only For HEX ASCII Transfer Byte Number Byte Value 1 ASCII 2 L ASCII 3 lt byte count 4th hex digit most significant gt 4 lt byte count 3rd hex digit gt 3 byte count 2nd hex digit gt 6 byte count 1st hex digit least significant 7 most significant hex digit of data byte 1 8 least significant hex digit of data byte 1 9 most significant hex digit of data byte 2 10 least significant hex digit of data byte 2 2N 5 lt ms hex digit of data byte N gt 2N 6 ls hex digit of data byteN gt with EOI if last block Byte count is number of bytes you are sending over in this block In this hex ASCII representation there are 2 bytes per data value The EOI if sent must be sent with the last byte of the block EOI terminates the file transfer If EOI is not sent the 9100 will accept another block as part of the same file The last block of a file transfer must be sent with EOI on the last byte Over RS 232 the termination sequence set up by COMM RS CONF mu
240. tions error 71 unrecognized gpib bus cmd 72 unrecognized escape sequence 73 received of count error data lt count 80 function error 90 batch mode error 100 cmd not implemented Operating Over the GPIB 5 110 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 unciassified error file accounting error Cannot add another directory entry to flle memory Cannot add another directory entry to system memory Cannot add another directory entry to high speed memory Cannot add another line to contro memory file memory space exceeded system memory space exceeded high speed memory space exceeded Control memory space exceeded nesting level exceeded for sequence setup files file specification error invalid device invalid extension invalid filename reserved filename address out of range missing filename missing extension missing device file field delimiter file handling error no waveform loaded failed to find segment flle already exists no file found 5 13 5 Operating Over the GPIB 145 146 147 148 149 150 160 file does not exist cannot close file missing end of file incompatible wav wad files tried to link wav wad files short segments not linkable tried to link seg 72 points standard function command error error unique to standard functions
241. to attempt to get one of the parameters exactly at the expense of the others This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT PULSE OPTIMIZE arg POPT arg PULSE OPTIMIZE POPT VALID ARGUMENTS WIDTH PERIOD DELAY EXAMPLE COMMAND POPT WIDTH POPT COMMENTS Ask the 9100 to get the pulse width as close as possible to PULSE WIDTH setting If a standard function pulse is being generated this takes effect immediately Returns current setting 5 Operating Over the GPIB Standard Function DC DC This command forces Standard Function Mode It selects DC as the current standard function If some other standard function was being generated it is aborted After issuing this command issuing GO will cause a DC level to be generated The value generated is determined by the OFFSET command See Channel Parameter Commands ZERO REFERENCE should be set to 128 FORMAT DC EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS DC Cause DC level to be generated corresponding to the OFFSET and AMP setting QUERY RESPONSES Use FUNCTION to determine the current function o 5 06 e Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function DC MODE DCMD Select single or dual channel DC level generation This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT DC MODE arg DCMD arg DC MODE DCMD VALID ARGUMENTS SINGLE SING DUAL DEFAULT Power up SINGLE EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS
242. to produce large swings The post amp attenuators attenu ate all three aspects of the signal the signal itself the offset and any background noise To offer extra versatility there are pre amplifier attenuators which may be selected in lieu of or in ad dition to the post amplifier attenuators The preamplifier atte nuators attenuate only the signal any offset or background noise of the amplifier is not attenuated When using the preamplifier attenuators to accommodate large offsets the apparent Signal to Noise ratio of the output may decrease slightly Amplitude always refers to the peak to peak swing at the output for a digital change of 255 counts in a waveform field Offset is the voltage level that will be output when a digital value equal to the ZREF level is generated by a waveform file In the following text ideal calibration of the analog circuits is assumed In actual 9100 units the internal calibration will create transitional points which may differ from the exact values discussed below This is normal 2 Product Description 2 6 If there is a conflict in requested amplitude and offset settings the 9100 always tries to achieve the requested amplitude in pref erence to the requested offset A general guideline relating maximum offset to requested amplitude is that you can always achieve an offset of between 8 and 16 times the requested am plitude as long as all points of the waveform are within the 5 V limitation a
243. together FORMAT TSOU argl arg2 TRIG_SOURCE arg2 VALID ARGUMENTS argl 1 MANUAL MAN 2 EXTERNAL EXT 3 BUS arg2 ON or OFF DEFAULTS Power up MAN and BUS ON and EXT OFF Unspecified Command current settings QUERY RESPONSE All three sources and their state ON or OFF EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS TRIG_SOURCE MANUAL This turns on the MANUAL trigger source TSOU MAN OFF Turns off the MANUAL trigger source QUERY RESPONSES Queries are individually requested by source 1 TSOU MAN COMM HEADER OFF ON OFF SHORT TSOU MAN EXT BUS OFF ON LONG SOURCE MANUAL EXTERNAL BUS OFF ON NOTES 1 If all trigger sources are ON a trigger will occur on a first come first serve basis if trigger arm source is bus and the generator is armed in a triggerable mode i e single or burst In TRIG ARM SOURCE AUTO under these circumstances trigger is strictly first come first served 5 68 Operating Over the GPIB 5 2 3 Query responses are always sent as plain ASCII strings If no trigger source is enabled in a triggered mode issuing the GO command produces error status 5 Operating Over the STANDARD FUNCTION COMMANDS Standard Function STANDARD STAN Selects standard function generation mode If an arbitrary waveform was being generated it is aborted In this mode you cannot LOAD and LINK files you simply specify the desired
244. tup file WORKING WITH SEQUENCE FILES The 9100 CP cannot be used to create or store sequence files If F4 is pressed when the function selection main menu reference Figure 4 36 is displayed however the screen will list any sequence files created and stored in the AFG via computer operation If no sequence files are in memory the screen will say NO SEQ FILES When one or more sequence files are in memory however they will be listed Any listed sequence file can then be selected by pressing the F key corresponding to the line on which that file appears To execute a selected sequence file press SHIFT and then SEQ This will result in the screen view shown in Figure 4 39 4 42 LOADING AND LINKING WAVEFORMS Arbitrary Waveforms Control Panel Operation 4 SEQUENCE INITIATED FILENAME SEQ Learn Confirmation Screen Figure 4 39 Where FILENAME SEQ is the name of the selected file Pressing any key will enable continued use of the 9100 CP after the screen in Figure 4 39 appears The 9100 CP s screen will say WAITING FOR NEXT at any point at which a WAIT is incorporated into a sequence that has been selected and initiated To continue the sequence press SHIFT and then NEXT The screen will then say SEQUENCE CONTINUED as the sequence does in fact continue Once an arbitrary waveform single or dual has been selected it can be loaded into fast memory by pressing the LOAD key A prompt on
245. u means that a particular file is currently selected means that there are additional submenus or displays at this menu level means running The 9100 is active either because a waveform is being output or a sequence or setup file is in process means stopped No wave output or no sequence or setup in process means wait for trigger When this symbol appears after the name of a waveform segment in a list ing of the contents of control memory it means that the generator will wait for a trigger before outputting that segment the cursor acts as a prompt for numeric entries NOTE Informational messages and error messages generally do not use any special display symbols except which is used literally Toggled Menu Entries As described above line 4 of the main menu displayed after pressing CLOCK is an immediate action prompt That line o can have one of only two entries CLOCK SRC INT internal clock source or CLOCK SRC EXT external clock source 4 13 4 Control Panel Operation Parameter Delta Submenus The clock source is listed on line 4 so repeatedly pressing the F4 key will toggle line 4 from CLOCK SRC lt INT to CLOCK SRC EXT and back again Not all such prompts represent INT EXT toggles Others include OFF ON POS NEG and SING DUAL Each toggled F key operation will be described on the following pages Starting with a main menu pressing an F key will in many instances result in
246. uencies bypassed 1 3 10 30 100 MHz 18 dB octave Bessel Crosstalk between channels lt 1 Ch 1 to Ch 2 Phase Accuracy Internal Summing 25 5 nsec Dual Outputs 1 nsec Sinewave Frequency Range 0 01 Hz to 25 MHz Frequency Resolution 0 035 Squarewave Frequency Range 0 01 Hz to 100 MHz 50 MHz dual channel Frequency Resolution 0 035 Triangle Frequency Range 0 01 Hz to 25MHz Frequency Resolution 0 035 Linearity 1 Pulse single channel only Period 40 nsec to 10 sec Width variable 5 nsec to 10 sec not to exceed period Orientation selectable positive or negative going Ramp Period 40 nsec to 100 sec Resolution 0 035 Linearity 1 Orientation selectable positive or negative go ing DC Generates a D C level the value of which is the offset level Accuracy the greater of 1 or 20 mV Range 5 nsec to 20 sec per point Resolution 0 035 Accuracy 5 ppm at achievable set points 23 C 115 VAC 60 Hz after 30 minute warmup Stability lt 0 5 Continuous The generator runs continuously at the selected frequency External Trigger Threshold Source Arm Source WAVEFORM MEMORY Product Description 2 Recurrent The waveform is cycled with a programmable delay of up to 1 million points 1 2 million in dual channel between cycles Number of waveforms per cycle is programmable up to 65 535 Single Upon receipt of a trigger the selec
247. unction PULSE DELAY PDEL This command sets a specified delay in time from receipt of a trigger to the start of the standard function Pulse waveform This command has no meaning in Continuous or Gated Trigger Modes The mimimum setting is dependent on the trigger mode This command is exactly analagous to TRIGGER DELAY in time mode PULSE DELAY is used in standard function Pulse instead of TRIGGER DELAY This command can be used as a query to find the current setting FORMAT PULSE DELAY 1 2 PDEL 1 2 PULSE DELAY PDEL VALID ARGUMENTS argl Any value from 25 0 nsec to 5 0 msec in single or burst trigger modes 85 0 nsec to 5 0 msec in recurrent trigger mode arg2 Optional REL DEFAULTS Power up 100 nsec EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS PDEL 1 us Sets pulse delay to 1 psec If a standard function pulse is being generated this command takes effect immediately PDEL REL Invalid Missing 1 Operating Over the GPIB 5 Standard Function PULSE OPTIMIZE POPT This command asks the 9100 to achieve highest accuracy on pulse width pulse period or pulse delay To consider why this is necessary consider asking the 9100 to produce a 20 nsec pulse at a 53 7 nsec period and have a trigger delay of 61 nsec Since the 9100 s minimum clock period is 5 nsec it cannot attain accurate timing of more than one of these settings in this case The PULSE OPTIMIZE command instructs the 9100
248. urce Zero Ref 128 88 external off Filter off manual Dutput on Level 2 09 Invert off Slope positive Delay Mode points Trigger Delay 9 8 pts Harker Delay 5 8 pts Configure Gpib Name Afg Scope tYpe dia Join dots Help Colors 8 GPIB 1 9169 4 94080 on on off AFG Scope The next step is to create the two waveform segments which will represent the 0 and 1 digital data The waveforms consist of 8 cycles of a 1 MHz sinewave A 0 is represented by a 0 initial phase while a 1 has a 180 initial phase These waveform segments were created using EASYWAVE s simple elements function The waveform segment and the settings are transferred to the AFG The 0 waveform segment is stored as PSK0 WAV and the 1 waveform segment is stored under the filename PSK1 WAV The settings file was stored as PSKO SET 10 9109 AFG 19 83 34 Frequency Period Cycles Start phase 1 808 MHz 1 808 us 3 8 80 deg 288 3 808 us Frequency Period Cyc les Start phase 1 888 MHz 1 008 us 3 108 80 deg 200 3 0080 us 10 13 0 9100 RT LeCroy EASYWAVE 9189 AFG AFG Directory All single files CALERR SEQ SEQ SET WAY S WAV SET1 SET All files from EW to AFG name PSKO WAV The next step is to use a sequence file to setup and load the real time FIFO memory The sequence file is created in the EASYWAVE sequence editor 10 14 10
249. ut 7 4 Interconnection Information 7 6 Application Information 7 10 9109 Front Panel Diagram 7 12 8 Model 9101 Introduction 8 1 Differences Between 9101 and 9100 8 1 9101 Front Panel Diagram 8 4 9 9100 MM1 MM2 Description 9 1 Using The Memory Expansion Option 9 2 Using The Control Memory Image Functions 9 3 Learning CMI File 9 3 Deleting A CMI File 9 5 Reviewing The Contents of A CMI File 9 6 10 9100 Introduction 10 1 Verifying Installation 10 1 Functional Description 10 2 9100 RT LOAD and LINK Comands 10 4 FIFO Memory Commands 10 5 External FIFO Loading 10 6 FIFO Reading 10 8 Examples of Operation 10 9 External Real Time Port 10 10 Using the 9100 RT Option 10 11 Using the External Real Time Port 10 15 Waveform Selection Using BASICA 10 17 Specifications 10 19 Appendix 1 Index e 1 PURPOSE UNPACKING AND INSPECTION WARRANTY GENERAL INFORMATION This manual is intended to provide instruction regarding the setup and operation of the covered instruments In addition it describes the theory of operation and presents other information regarding its functioning and application The Service Documentation packaged separately should be consulted for the schematics parts lists and other materials that apply to the specific version of the instrument as identified by its ECO number LeCroy recommends that the shipment be thoroughly inspected immediately upon delivery All material the co
250. vel 0 batch execution is ended by the END command at the end of that file Batch execution is terminated on any error or on remote local change In these cases if batch files were nested i e A SEQ contained the command SEQUENCE B SEQ then the list would contain more than one file name FORMAT END EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS END issued at power up response LEVEL FILENAME EXT LINE CR LF 0 CLEARCMD SYS 87 lt CR gt lt LF gt 5 27 5 Operating Over the GPIB File Handling LEARN SETUP LEARN When this command is received all the present instrument settings parameters are saved to a filename specified the extension of which must always be SET FORMAT LEARN SETUP filename SET VALID FILENAMES Any combination of alphanumeric characters no symbols DEFAULTS Unspecified Argument if no filename is specified then a universal filename will automatically be supplied It will be of the form SETXXX SET where XXX is a sequential number managed by the generator EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS LEARN SETUP ANYWAVE SET The present generator settings LEARN ANYWAVE SET are saved into a file named ANYWAVE SET LEARN SETUP Since no filename is specified the settings will be saved to a LEARN file named SET1 SET NOTES No query form of this command Operating Over the GPIB 5 File Handling LINK This command causes the specified waveform to be added to the high speed me
251. ving the Local Message 5 5 Receiving the Local Lockout Messages 5 5 Sending Messages 5 6 Sending the Require Service Message SRQ 5 6 Sending the Serial Status Byte 5 6 Sending Secondary Status Bytes 5 7 Operation of the Status Bytes 5 7 Acronym Guidelines 5 14 Programming Command Reference Section Command Summary 5 15 File Handling Commands 5 18 File Structures 5 18 Setup and Sequence Files 5 19 Setup Files 5 19 Executing Setup Files 5 20 Sequence Files 5 20 Executing Sequence Files 5 21 Single Waveform Files 5 22 Dual Waveform Files 5 22 Executing Waveform Files 5 23 File Handling Commands DELETE 5 24 END 5 25 LEARN SETUP 5 26 LINK 5 27 LOAD 5 29 RECALL 5 30 SEQUENCE 5 31 SETUP 5 32 STORE 5 33 Action Commands ABORT 5 34 ARBITRARY 5 35 ARM 5 36 CALIBRATE 5 37 CLEAR 5 38 GO 5 39 5 40 SELFTEST 5 41 STOP 5 42 TRIGGER 5 43 Channel Parameter Commands AMPLITUDE CH2 AMPLITUDE 5 44 FILTER CH2 FILTER 5 45 TABLE CONTENTS INVERT CH2 INVERT 5 46 CHI OFFSET CH2 OFFSET 5 47 OUTPUT CH2 OUTPUT 5 48 ZERO REF ZERO REF 5 49 EXTERNAL SUM 5 50 SUM_MODE 5 51 Timebase Commands CLOCK_SOURCE 5 59 CLOCK LEVEL 5 53 MODE 5 54 5 55 CLOCK SLOPE 5 56 PERIOD 5 57 CLOCK REFERENCE 5 58 Trigger Commands DELAY MODE 5 59 MARKER DELAY 5 60 TRIGGER ARM SOURCE 5 61 TRIGGER DELAY 5 62 TRIGGER LEVE
252. will be returned which represents more detailed information about the condition represented by that particular bit of the main status byte When a STB command is received the respective byte is cleared The values sent back are ASCII decimal NR1 format FORMAT STB arg VALID ARGUMENTS the numbers 1 through 8 EXAMPLE COMMAND COMMENTS STB 2 This would cause the 9100 to send status byte 2 which would contain a value indicating that a self test fault condition exists Self test fault is the second bit of the main status byte NOTES See Operation of the Status Bytes at the beginning of Chapter 5 5 109 5 Operating Over the GPIB Communications Command TSTB This command operates exactly like the STB command except that the byte is not cleared In addition TSTB 0 reads a byte which cannot be cleared and is therefore not readable by STB 0 Please see Table 5 1 NOTES See Operation of the Status Bytes at the beginning of Chapter 5 5 110 Operating Over the GPIB 5 FILE HANDLING COMMANDS DELETE DELE END LEARN SETUP LEARN LINK LOAD NEXT RECALL RCL STORE STR ACTION COMMANDS ABORT ABO ARBITRARY ARB ARM CALIBRATE CAL CLEAR CLE Table 5 6 GPIB COMMAND SUMMARY Causes the named file to be deleted from the RAM Disk Used as the last command in a Setup or Sequence file Causes all existing instrument settings parameters to be saved i
253. xternal analog trigger signal level is above user designated threshold In Single or Burst modes with Bus source and Bus Arm mode trigger firing is user implemented and occurs after GO is pressed Execution will therefore not occur until the trigger is fired When Single or Burst mode is selected the 9100 CP can also be used to arm the trigger This is accomplished by pressing SHIFT and the T ARM Pressing SHIFT and TGR will cause the trigger to be fired the screen to say TRIGGERED and the waveform to be executed The trigger will be automatically armed when Single or Burst mode is selected with AUTO arming A setup file is one that contains all waveform attributes and trigger parameters accessed by the CHAN 1 CHAN 2 CLOCK and TRIG keys of the 9100 CP Control Panel Operation 4 When the FUNC key is pressed function selection main menu appears as shown in Figure 4 36 F1 ARBITRARY F2 STANDARD F3 SETUP gt F4 SEQUENCE Function Selection Main Menu Figure 4 36 Pressing F3 when Figure 4 36 is displayed will cause the 9100 CP s LCD screen to display a listing of all setup files in memory If no setup files are stored the screen will say NO SET FILES When setup files are stored however each such file is named with up to 8 characters followed by SET Any setup file shown in the list can then be selected by pressing the F key corresponding to the line o

9100 Series Operator`s Manual

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