RF Coaxial Power Standards Models 1510A and 2510A
Contents
1. s and its port reflection and the sensor is termed the load I 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 4 TEGAM Section IV Operating Instructions 2 P a Pon C P P P 1 d i r CN ON 5s a rm rm gt S A b la f b a D T EN fs L a b N P b r y Figure 4 3 Signal Flow Diagram From the diagram But also ag b Ta bg So substituting the second equation into the first bg b TyTyby And then re arrange to collect bg b _ Ps g y Now rewrite as power substituting in P b and P bg Pazo L 2 1 11 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 5 TEGAM Section IV Operating Instructions Armed with this last result and calling the Feed through stand F subscript the generator g subscript and terminating sensor M subscript the load 1 subscript and substituting in the definitions for cal factor from earlier we get the more general equation for transferring between a feed through and a terminating sensor P km k eee 1 Tvl rl PsubF Where km Calibration factor of the Terminating Mount kp Calibration factor of the Feed through Mount Psubm Power measured terminating mount Psubr Power measured Feed through mount Tm Gamma Correction full vector data Terminating Mount Ta Gamma Correction full vector2. www tegam com 1 1 TEGAM Table 1 2 2510A 1510A Individual Specification Model Frequency Range 2510A 10 MHz to 50 GHz 1510A 10 MHz to 50 GHz Typical Equivalent Source Match r W V 10 MHz to 100 MHz 0 01 100 MHz to 2 GHz 0 02 2 GHz to 12 4 GHz 0 04 12 4 GHz to 18 GHz 0 06 18 GHz to 26 5 GHz 0 10 26 5 GHz to 40 GHz 0 15 40 GHz to 50 GHz 0 25 10 MHz to 100 MHz 0 0066 100 MHz to 2 GHz 0 0267 2 GHz to 12 4 GHz 0 1356 12 4 GHz to 18 GHz 0 2249 18 GHz to 26 5 GHz 0 3200 26 5 GHz to 50 GHz 0 3389 Loss from Input Port to DUT Port 11 dB typical N A Calibration Factor Accuracy typical 1 0 from 0 01 to 0 04 GHz 1 25 from 0 05 to 4 0 GHz 1 5 from 4 20 to 12 0 GHz 2 2 from 12 2 to 17 5 GHz 2 5 from 17 75 to 26 5 GHz 3 0 from 27 0 to 44 0 GHz 4 0 from 45 0 to 50 0 GHz 1 2 from 0 01 to 0 04 GHz 1 4 from 0 05 to 4 0 GHz 1 7 from 4 20 to 12 0 GHZ 2 3 from 12 2 to 17 5 GHz 2 6 from 17 75 to 26 5 GHz 3 2 from 27 0 to 44 0 GHz 4 2 from 45 0 to 50 0 GHz Connectors APC 2 4 mm Female APC 2 4 mm Male Weight 2 9 kg 6 3 Ib 544 3 g 1 2 Ib Physical Dimensions Height 10 5 cm 4 1 in 7 2 cm 2 8 in Width 21 7 cm 8 5 in 8 2 cm 3 2 in Depth 33 8 cm 13 3 in 13 8 cm 5 4 in 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 1 2 TEGAM Items Included with 1510A a
3. A value of 0 would be inserted for Tm Making that portion of the formula 1 This would make the formula look like P ku ay SubM PsubF This revision of the original formula assumes many things that are not necessarily true Things that may not necessarily show up at lower frequencies but will certainly show up at higher frequencies where connectors change from the very rugged N type connector to the more sensitive 3 5 mm and 2 4 mm connectors By looking at Figure 4 4 we can get a practical visualization of the relationship between calibration factor gamma and effective efficiency 10 TEG AM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 7 TEGAM Section IV Operating Instructions P incident power T reflection ie eet MVV coefficient P reflected power P power dissipated Ne P P Pm measured power k P P Figure 4 4 Relationship between calibration factor gamma and effective efficiency 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 8 TEGAM Section V Maintenance and Servicing Maintenance Care and Handling of Assemblies To ensure accurate measurements and optimal performance of TEGAM products the microwave coaxial cable assemblies used in system and test setups must be properly used and maintained Proper connections routine inspection of all cables and cleaning of the connectors are extremely important procedur
4. PUFPOSE ANG fUNCHON Siiseiioa ninnan ai a a a a 1 1 Capabiliti Sirrini Aid irene aT ae AEE ALE AANEEN le E 1 1 Performance characteriStiCsS cccecee cece eee ee eee eee teeta tee ee eae ne eats 1 2 Environmental information ccccce cece eee eee eee eee eee eee tae ee eae ne eae 1 2 List of items furnished ce eee eee nent nett ate eats 1 3 List of additional items required for operation and maintenance 1 3 Preparation for calibration or repair and Shipping cece ee eee ee ee eee 1 4 Expedite Repair FOrm sessionerna cece ee eee eee eee ee eee EEEE AEE 1 5 Warranty informatiOn c cece cece eee eee eee ener E 1 6 TEGAM contact information cccceee cece eee eee ee eee tena eaten ates eae ne nae 1 6 Ii Preparation for Use and Installation Unpacking amp INSP CtiON ccc eee eee nee nates 2 1 Recommended Operating Environment cceceee eee ee ee eee ee ee teeta eee taenes 2 1 Ill Principles of Operation PoWer Measurements oer cisiwinnnigawiiwastGaenenesasenwineaGaenumeaaanwneaGwiaentianiaenenaine 3 1 Principles of DC SubStitution cece eee eee tenet neta teeta teeta ees 3 1 Temperature Variable Resistance ccccee cece eee eee ee eee ee eae ee tate ea eee eats 3 1 Power Splitters sc ccccivsn cee ecndanece ence cieaslawees ana staan aa aan e 3 1 Controlling Thermistor Temperature cece cece eects eee e
5. RF Power Standards the bias and temperature are connected through one cable To do this simply connect one end of the appropriate cable to the 2510A or 1510A and the other end to the SENSOR and HEATER connection of the 1830A 1806A or 1806 Use the appropriate cables that meet your equipment application The RF IN on the Working Feedthrough Power Standards is an APC 2 4 mm connector An APC 2 4 mm female coaxial connector is connected to the output of the chosen signal generator which should be 50 Ohm nominal impedance A low loss coaxial cable is recommended to avoid an excessive power loss These Models have an additional female coaxial connector called the SENSOR port This connector is actually one of the arms of the power splitter described in Section III Principles of Operation The DUT is connected to this port for calibration When the Working RF Power Standard is being calibrated the 1 When connecting to the 1806 or 1806A the FLOAT GROUND switch should be in the FLOAT down position 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 2 TEGAM Section IV Operating Instructions Reference RF Power Standard is connected to this port This connector is an 2 4 mm female Proper care cleaning alignment and torquing of coaxial connectors should be practiced to make accurate measurements reduce insertion loss and extend the life of the connectors The RF input on the Referen
6. Retain copies of all shipping papers NOTE Refer to page 1 6 of the introduction for information on how to obtain a RMA from TEGAM 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 6 1 TEGAM Storage When an RF Power Standard is to be stored for extended periods pack the instrument into a container Place container in a clean dry temperature controlled location If instrument is to be stored in excess of 90 days place desiccant with items before sealing container The safe environmental limits for storage are 55 to 75 C 67 to 167 F at less than 95 non condensing relative humidity 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 7 1
7. as is found in the TEGAM Model 1830A 1806A and 1806 The bridge operates on the principal of DC substitution so only DC voltages and currents are present at these terminals when connected SENSOR connector APC 2 4 mm female coaxial connector provides the RF power to the DUT The RF power applied to RF IN connector is applied equally to the DUT and the internal thermistor mount The fact that equal RF power is applied to both the power standard and the DUT is what allows the calibration factor of the DUT to be determined 10 TEG AM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 1 TEGAM Section IV Operating Instructions Model 1510A Connector Descriptions Figure 4 2 TEGAM 1510A Connectors BIAS VOLTAGE Heater combination connector A combined connection is used to connect the thermistor element to a DC Substitution bridge circuit and the heater control circuit as is found in the TEGAM Model 1830A 1806A and 1806 The bridge operates on the principal of DC substitution so only DC voltages and currents are present at these terminals when connected RF INPUT connector on the front not shown APC 2 4 mm male coaxial connector where RF power to be measured is applied Connecting RF Power Standards The TEGAM RF Standards are an element of a system and is not a stand alone instrument The 2510A and 1510A RF Power Standard can only be connected to the TEGAM 1830A 1806A and 1806 Unlike other TEGAM
8. data Feed through Mount Now in this general equation the Gamma terms are the reflection scattering parameter of the respective port noted in the subscript Gamma is a complex vector with scalar values denoting the real and imaginary magnitudes r p4 pcos ipsin In the general transfer equation the term 1 FF is the scalar gamma correction or port match term Inside the absolute value brackets however is a vector subtraction Expanding out to make the angles explicit this becomes 1 PuPr cos hy br ipmpr sin hy pr l Where the i represents V 1 or the imaginary component The absolute value or length of a vector is given by the Pythagorean formula which is the square root of the square of the magnitudes of the real and imaginary components It s convenient that we are looking for the square of the magnitude so we don t have to worry about the square root part Our correction term becomes the scalar 1 PuPu cos by br Pumpr sin dy pr When the squares are evaluated this expands to 1 2pypr cos dy PF Pm Pr cos m br Pm Pr sin dy br 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 6 TEGAM Section IV Operating Instructions Noting that if we collect the two terms beginning with pu pr we get 1 2pypr cos oy br Pu Pr cos pm or sin by pr The term cos y r
9. sin u r is always identically equal to 1 so the final simplified equation becomes 1 2pypr cos hy br Py Pr Or combining this result with the general transfer equation Psubm ky kp 1 2puPr cos by F pm Pr P SubF If we look at the scalar result of the mismatch term the 1 part is what would happen if at least one of the ports was perfect or had no reflection In that case one of the p is zero The right most element has magnitude of p which is typically so much smaller than the middle term that it can be ignored for most connections The middle part 2PpmPpr cos m r contains the bulk of the impact of port mismatch Since it is multiplied by k the sensitivity to this change is equal to k or about 1 In an UNCORRECTED transfer this part represents the probable error of the transfer Since we can t know the angles in an uncorrected transfer we let cos take its limits of 1 and say that the uncertainty of the uncorrected transfer iS 2p p That is a little pessimistic because that is worst case rather than probable but it s what the industry usually does Unless the rhos were measured on a scalar analyzer we have to use manufacturer s worst case values Some common power sensor calibration practices do not always use gamma correction An argument could probably be made that this was a reasonable practice at lower frequencies We typically see this at 18 GHz and lower
10. www tegam com 1 4 TEGAM EXPEDITE REPAIR amp CALIBRATION FORM Use this form to provide additional repair information and service instructions The Completion of this form and including it with your instrument will expedite the processing and repair process RMA Instrument Model Serial Company Number Technical Contact Phone Number Additional Contact Info Repair Instruc tions L Evaluation O Calibration Only LI Repair Only LI Repair amp Calibration O z540 Extra Charge Detailed Symptoms Include information such as measurement range instrument settings type of components being tested is the problem intermittent When is the problem most frequent Has anything changed with the application since the last time the instrument was used etc 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 1 5 TEGAM Warranty TEGAM Inc warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of three years from the date of shipment During this warranty period if a product proves to be defective TEGAM Inc at its option will either repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor or exchange any product that proves to be defective TEGAM Inc warrants the calibration of this product for a period of 1 year from date of shipment During this period TEGAM Inc will recalibr
11. TEGAM RF Coaxial Power Standards Models 1510A and 2510A Instruction and Service Manual PN 1510A 2510A 900 Publication Date March 2015 REV F 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com TEGAM TEGAM is a manufacturer of electronic test and measurement equipment for metrology calibration and production test We also provide repair calibration and other support services for a wide variety of test and measurement equipment including RF power sensor calibration systems RF attenuation measurement systems ratio transformers arbitrary waveform generators micro ohmmeters LCR meters handheld temperature calibrators thermometers humidity and temperature control devices and more TEGAM also repairs and calibrates test and measurement equipment formerly manufactured by Electro Scientific Industries ESI Gertsch Keithley Instruments Lucas Weinschel and Pragmatic Instruments A complete list can be viewed on our Product Service Directory at www tegam com For more information about TEGAM and our products please visit our website at www tegam com or contact one of our customer service representatives at sales tegam com or 800 666 1010 10 Tegam Way Geneva Ohio 44041 Telephone 440 466 6100 Fax 440 466 6110 E mail sales tegam com 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com TEGAM Table of Contents Section Page I Introduction
12. The total power applied to the thermistor leg in the RF Power Standard of the Type IV Bridge equals the sum of both DC and RF power The precision resistor leg only has DC power applied to it Thus the RF power introduced to the thermistor is directly proportional to the change in DC power across the precision resistor Principle of DC Substitution The RF Power Standards use the principle of DC substitution to measure RF power DC substitution refers to the measurement of RF power according to the amount of DC power that must be substituted for the RF power in a bolometer in order to cause equivalent thermal effects Since some of the RF power applied to the input of the power standard is lost by reflection and other causes before it is applied to the thermistor element a calibration factor for the standard is to determine the actual level of RF power TEGAM Coaxial RF Power Standards are configured to provide a path for RF energy via a coaxial line DC Bias is introduced from the Bias terminals to the thermistors Temperature Variable Resistance Each RF Standard contains a pair of thermistor beads whereby the resistance changes as a function of temperature Thermistor bead temperature is a function of the combined DC and RF power applied to the beads and the ambient temperature surrounding the beads The level of power applied to the beads is controlled externally A heating element controlled by an external controller provides ambient temperatur
13. ate any product which does not conform to the published accuracy specifications In order to exercise this warranty TEGAM Inc must be notified of the defective product before the expiration of the warranty period The customer shall be responsible for packaging and shipping the product to the designated TEGAM service center with shipping charges prepaid TEGAM Inc shall pay for the return of the product to the customer if the shipment is to a location within the country in which the TEGAM service center is located The customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping duties taxes and additional costs if the product is transported to any other locations Repaired products are warranted for the remaining balance of the original warranty or 90 days whichever period is longer Warranty Limitations The TEGAM Inc warranty does not apply to defects resulting from unauthorized modification or misuse of the product or any part This warranty does not apply to fuses batteries or damage to the instrument caused by battery leakage Statement of Calibration This instrument has been inspected and tested in accordance with specifications published by TEGAM Inc The calibration of this instrument is traceable to the International System of Units SI through the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST or other recognized National Metrology Institutes by comparison to equipment and standards maintained in the laboratories of TEGAM In
14. ating RF Power Standard is a terminating thermistor mount used for the calibration of Feedthrough standards and applications that require direct measurement of RF power Capabilities These Coaxial RF Power Standards are designed for the calibration laboratory These units are highly accurate stable with time and temperature and are designed for use as a standard for the characterization of calibration factors for other sensors Table 1 1 General Specifications Frequency Range 10 MHz to 50 GHz Max Power 25 mW 14 dBm RF Impedance 50 Ohms nominal Power Linearity lt 0 1 fromltol0mw i i i sss OO CizdC Dynamic Range 20 dBm to 14 dBm typical Depends on noise floor and resolution of DC instruments Calibration Factor Drift lt 0 5 per year 10 to 100 MHz in 10 MHz steps 100 MHz to 2 GHz in 50 MHz steps 2 GHz to 4 GHz in 100 MHz steps Individual Calibration factors are 4 to 12 4 GHz in 200 MHz steps supplied standard at the following 12 75 to 18 GHz in 250 MHz steps frequencies Inquire about 18 to 26 GHz in 1 GHz steps additional points 26 5 GHz 27 to 34 GHz in 1 GHz steps 34 5 GHz 35 to 50 GHz in 1 GHz steps Thermistor DC Bias Power 40 mW nominal Thermistor Resistance at Bias 200 Ohms set by balancer Temperature Operating 15 to 30 C 59 to 86 F Storage 55 to 75 C 67 to 167 F 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110
15. ation service arises contact TEGAM customer service to obtain an RMA Returned Material Authorization number You can contact TEGAM customer service via the TEGAM website www tegam com or by calling 440 466 6100 All Locations OR 800 666 1010 United States Only The RMA number is unique to your instrument and will help us identify you instrument and to address the particular service request by you which is assigned to that RMA number Of even importance a detailed written description of the problem should be attached to the instrument Many times repair turnaround is unnecessarily delayed due to a lack of repair instructions or of a detailed description of the problem This description should include information such as measurement range and other instrument settings type of components being tested are the symptoms intermittent conditions that may cause the symptoms has anything changed since the last time the instrument was used etc Any detailed information provided to our technicians will assist them in identifying and correcting the problem in the quickest possible manner Use a copy of the Repair and Calibration Service form provided on the next page Once this information is prepared and sent with the instrument to our service department we will do our part in making sure that you receive the best possible customer service and turnaround time possible 10 TEG AM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110
16. c Document publishing dates may lag product changes Visit www tegam com to download the latest version of this manual Contact Information TEGAM INC 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 PH 440 466 6100 FX 440 466 6110 EMAIL sales tegam com WEB http www tegam com TEGAM 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 1 6 TEGAM Section Il Preparation for Use and Installation Unpacking amp Inspection Each Coaxial RF Power Standards is put through a series of electrical and mechanical inspections before shipment to the customer Upon receipt of your instrument unpack all of the items from the shipping carton and inspect for any damage that may have occurred during transit Report any damaged items to the shipping agent Retain and use the original packing material for reshipment if necessary Upon Receipt inspect the carton for the following items Table 2 1 Packing List Item Part Number Model 2510A or 1510A Coaxial RF Power 2510A or 1510A Standards Technical Operation and Maintenance Manual 1510A 2510A 900 Calibration Certificate with Data N A Mounting The Model 2510A is shipped with four plastic feet mounted to the bottom cover When any of these models are placed on a bench or table the feet support the instrument For rack mounting of Model 2510A use rack mount kit Single P N 1830 910 Dual P N 1830 911 The Model 1510A is shipped without any type of
17. ce Terminating Power Standards Model 1510A is a male 2 4 mm connector that is connected to the RF power source to be measured Again proper care cleaning alignment and torquing of coaxial connectors should be practiced to make accurate measurements reduce insertion loss improve repeatability and extend the life of the connectors Once cabling has been correctly installed there are no further operator adjustments to be made to the RF Power Standards However allow at least two hours for the heater in the RF Standard to reach its operating temperature Additionally it is recommended that once the BIAS VOLTAGE terminals are connected the DC Substitution Bridge should be on for one hour before measurements are taken Calculating Calibration Factors When using a RF Power Meter with a RF Power Sensor to make a RF Power Measurement the user must know that the measurement is accurate and there is traceability to a known standard All diode thermo electric and thermistor power sensors have calibration factors associated to particular frequencies that are used to insure an accurate power measurement Technicians and engineers use these calibration factors when making measurements but where do these calibration factors really come from Calibration factor of a terminating power sensor if it is a DC substitution sensor relates the change in DC substituted power to the total RF power incident on the sensor For this purpose incident means all
18. ditions or practices that could result in damage to the equipment or other property WARNING statements identify conditions or practices that could result in personal injury or loss of life Terms as Marked on Equipment CAUTION indicates a personal injury hazard not immediately accessible as one reads the marking or a hazard to property including the equipment itself DANGER indicates a personal injury hazard immediately accessible as one reads the marking Symbols As Marked in This Manual gt This symbol denotes where precautionary information may be found As Marked on Equipment CAUTION Risk of Danger DANGER Risk of Electric Shock Earth Ground Terminal On Off Frame or Chassis Terminal Earth Ground Terminal ck PP Ose Alternating Current 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com TEGAM Purpose and Function These Coaxial RF Power Standards are designed for the precise measurement of microwave power in the 10 MHz to 50 GHz frequency range These standards can be configured as a Reference Standard or Working Standard The Working RF Power Standard or Feedthrough RF Power Standard is a thermistor mount with power splitter combination employed as a Feedthrough standard for the calibration of terminating power sensors such as thermoelectric diode and thermistor power sensors The Reference RF Power Standard or Termin
19. e stability SENSOR BRIDGE BALANCER o 6 a Figure 3 1 Thermistor and Bridge Balancer Figure 3 1 depicts the thermistor assembly electrical configuration DC biasing of the dual thermistor beads to 100 ohms each provides a nominal 50 ohm parallel RF resistance and a 200 ohm series DC resistance A DC blocking capacitor and bypass capacitors isolate DC from RF signals Filtering capacitors provide low VSWR in the lower end of the frequency range Application of approximately 40 mW of power to the thermistor beads produces a 200 ohm DC resistance As the power applied to the thermistor beads 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 3 1 TEGAM Section Ill Principles of Operation increases their effective resistance values decrease This is due to the negative temperature coefficient of the beads Initially the beads are DC biased to 200 ohms Application of RF power increases the power level present at the beads and causes the effective resistance value of the beads to drop The bridge circuit of the power meter reduces DC power until the initial effective resistance value is restored 200 ohms The total amount of DC power removed is proportional to the amount of RF power that was introduced Quantitatively the total power applied to the thermistor beads equals the sum of the two types of power Power Splitter The Models 2510A contain a two element resistive powe
20. ee eee e eee ee ea ene es 3 2 IV Operating Instructions Front Panel Connectors ceranae a a a E i 4 1 Calculating Calibration Factors ssssssssssrrsssrrsrrrrsrsrrserrrerrrrnrrrnerrrrsrrnne 4 2 Relationship between k gamma And effective efficiency cceeeeee es 4 7 V Maintenance and Servicing Maintenance occ sence taenedeeseree ser kaewie a E aaa iai 5 1 Care and Handling of ASsSembli S 0 cece cece eee eee eee teeta teeta eee eaeee 5 1 Connector TORQUC ii 22 ciideassenztes pred ta heatassencaimetaiiasaiaaingd tmadaada ten iands i ia 5 2 Connector Care and Cleaning cceee eect e eee eee eee eee teeta teen e enna 5 3 VI Preparation for Shipment Returning power standard for ServiCe cceee eee e eee eee ee eee teens eae ee tata 7 1 Repacking for shipment 0 cece eee eee eee eden e tate eee eee 7 1 VII Storage Temperature and other environmental limitations cccceeeeee eee eeees 8 1 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com TEGAM Safety Information amp Precautions The following safety information applies to both operation and service personnel Safety precautions and warnings may be found throughout this instruction manual and the equipment These warnings may be in the form of a symbol or a written statement Below is a summary of these precautions Terms in This Manual CAUTION statements identify con
21. es which can prolong the longevity and accuracy of equipment Cable Inspection Routinely check external cables for signs of cracked insulation dents twists flattening signs of jacket abrasion or other signs of abuse Wrinkles in the jacket indicate that the minimum bend radius has been exceeded Most often this occurs near the marker tubes and connectors Also inspect the connector interfaces for the following Bent pins male Bent or missing tines female Worn or chipped plating Damaged or displaced dielectric inserts Thread damage Folded or mushroomed outer interface rims Mushroomed pin shoulders male or tine ends female e Score lines on pins and outer interface rims visible to the unaided eye e Recessed or protruding pins It is advisable to clean the connectors prior to inspection to make subtle damage more apparent If any of the above is noted replace the assembly before its further use results in equipment damage Also inspect the mating connectors for similar damage Inspect the connector interface for signs of debris Debris may be in the form of e Plating chips or other metal particles e Dust or dirt e Oily films e Other miscellaneous foreign particles Making Initial Connections Exercise caution when mating cables Poor connections lead to poor system performance They can also damage not only the cable assembly but more significantly front or rear panel connectors on the equipment itself w
22. faces are clean blow them dry with dry compressed air or preferably dry nitrogen pressurized spray cans work well Do not use breath Clean the mating connectors These may be the source of the debris 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 5 3 TEGAM Section VI Preparation for Shipment Returning 2510A 1510A for Service Use the information in this section if you need to return your Power Standard to TEGAM Package 2510A 1510A for Shipment Use the following steps to package the Power Standard for shipment to TEGAM for service 1 Fill the EXPEDITE REPAIR amp CALIBRATION FORM found in Section and attach it to the Power Standard Please be as specific as possible about the nature of the problem Send a copy of any or all of the following information o Any error messages that appeared on the power meter display o Any information on the performance of the Power Standard 2 Use the original packaging materials or a strong shipping container The carton must be both large enough and strong enough to accommodate the power standard and allow at least three to four inches on all sides of the power standard for packing material 3 Seal the shipping container securely with strong nylon adhesive tape 4 Mark the shipping container FRAGILE HANDLE WITH CARE to ensure careful handling CAUTION 2510A 1510A damage can result from using packaging materials other than those specified 5
23. g element in RF power calibration and measurement systems These systems employ other electronic elements to effect control of the measurement routines An example of this type of system is the TEGAM PMX50 001 Power Sensor Calibration System Proper use of these standards and the TEGAM PMX50 001 is further documented in other TEGAM Operation and Service Manuals The Working RF Power Standard Model 2510A are feedthrough mount splitter combinations are use to calibrate thermoelectric diode and thermistor power sensors The Reference RF Power Standards Model 1510A are terminating thermistor mounts commonly used as a reference standard for calibrating working standards Both types of standards are used with the TEGAM 1830A 1806A and 1806 Model 2510A Connector Descriptions Figure 4 1 TEGAM 2510A Connectors RF IN connector APC 2 4 mm female connector connects to signal generator output The RF power that comes in this connector is applied equally to the DUT and the power standard The fact that equal RF power is applied to both the power standard and the DUT is what allows the determination the calibration factor of the DUT There is typically 6 dB nominal with a max of 10 5 db of insertion loss in the RF in path of the power splitter plus the insertion loss the standard BIAS VOLTAGE Heater combination connector A combined connection is used to connect the thermistor element to a DC Substitution bridge circuit and the heater control circuit
24. hich may be more difficult to repair Aligning Connectors Align the center lines of two connectors before actual mating Male retaining nuts contain a small amount of necessary play which may make it possible to mate the threads without the pins being properly aligned Pin misalignment can damage pins and dielectric inserts Mating Connectors Gently mate the connectors by hand taking care not to force the coupling nut at the slightest resistance It is often possible to feel whether or not the pins are mated If the coupling nut is difficult to turn either the pins are not mated the coupling nut is cross threaded or one of the connectors has been damaged by excess torque 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 5 1 TEGAM Section V Maintenance and Servicing Never hold a male connector coupling nut stationary while screwing a female connector into it This rotation can erode the plating and damage both the outer interface rim as well as the pin If the pins become locked serious damage can result to both the equipment and the cable assembly Over Torque Once connectors have been properly mated apply only the proper amount of torque Over torque damages both connectors involved Also a connector which has been damaged by over torque in turn damages every connector to which it is subsequently mated It usually leads to poor system performance as well Over torque can cause Bent pins Rece
25. ment into a container Place container in a clean dry temperature controlled location If instrument is to be stored in excess of 90 days place desiccant with items before sealing container The safe environmental limits for storage are 55 to 75 C 67 to 167 F at less than 95 non condensing relative humidity 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 2 1 TEGAM Section Il Preparation for Use and Installation Do Not Use in Explosive Environments CAUTION The 1510A and 2510A are not designed for operation in explosive environments Do Not Operate Without Covers WARNING This device should be operated with all panels and covers in place Operation with missing panels or covers could result in personal injury 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 2 2 TEGAM Section III Principles of Operation Theory of RF Measurements with the 2510A and 1510A NOTE The TEGAM 1830A 1806A and 1806 RF Power Meter are referenced several times in this section The TEGAM 1830A 1806A and 1806 RF Power Meters are the only way to bias temperature control and monitor the 2510A and 1510A Power Measurements RF power is measured in terms of a power change across the precision resistance leg of a TEGAM 1830A 1806A 1806 Bridge Circuit A digital voltmeter measures voltage across the precision resistance leg which can be used to determine the power
26. nd 2510A Item Part Number Technical Operation and Maintenance Manual 1510A 2510A 900 Calibration Certificate with Data N A Table 1 2 Packing List Additional items required and optional for operation and maintenance Required e TEGAM Model 1830A 1806A or 1806 RF Power Meter o 1830A Cable CA 21 15 48 o 1806A Cable CA 28 48 o 1806 Cable CA 29 48 e RF Signal Generator o 10 MHz to 50 GHz o Minimum power level 17 dBm at 50 GHz e Torque Wrench o Torque wrench 8mm 8 in lbs 2510 910 01 Optional e RF Amplifier e SureCAL Software P N SureCAL PM e Rack Mount Kit o Single P N 1830 910 o Dual P N 1830 911 e VNA o 2 port o 50 GHz e TEGAM 1510A For calibration of TEGAM 2510A e Transport Case o 1510 RF Power Standard 1500 910 o 1830A F113X amp 2510A 2500 910 e Adapters o Coax adapter 2 4mm Coax adapter 2 4mm to 2 92mm M with Data 1510 911 01 to 3 5mm M with Data 1510 912 01 Coax Adapter 2 4mm M to 2 92mm F with Data 2510 911 01 Coax Adapter 2 4mm M to 3 5mm F with Data 2510 912 01 Coax Attenuator 2 4mm M to F 30dB with Data 2510 913 01 F F oo 08 0 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 1 3 TEGAM Preparation For Calibration Or Repair Service Once you have verified that the cause for the Coaxial RF Power Standards malfunction cannot be solved in the field and the need for repair and calibr
27. of the RF propagating toward the sensor reference plane including power that is subsequently reflected On the signal flow diagram figure 4 3 the incident power is P a Calibration factor of a feed through power calibration setup again if the monitor is a DC substitution sensor relates the change in DC substituted power in the monitor to the power delivered out of the DUT port into a load of exactly the nominal characteristic impedance of the system or Zo If we think of the feed through DUT port as the output of a leveled generator then the output into a perfect load is P zo So for a terminating sensor using the M subscript following Weinschel part numbering Psubm ky M P And for a feed through standard using F to indicate feedthrough P kp SubF I9Z0 Where km Calibration factor of the Terminating Mount kr Calibration factor of the Feed through Mount Psubm Power measured terminating mount Psubr Power measured Feed through mount 2 When connecting a 1510A or 2510A to an 1806 or 1806A in addition to a 2 hour warm up time operator should observe stability in the bias voltage Bias voltage stability refers to less than 50uV change per 30 minutes as a general guideline The error light does not apply when connecting the 1510A or 2510A to the 1806A 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 3 TEGAM Section IV Operating Inst
28. r splitter The T shaped divider contains a series 50 ohm resistor in each of the two legs The test port is an APC 2 4 mm precision female connector Use of the splitter in a closed loop configuration that applies constant power causes the common point divider to become a constant voltage point This means the source impedance at both splitter output ports is determined by the 50 ohm resistor and the output connector This provides very good source match In addition the power is split equally between the two ports Controlling Thermistor Temperature Since thermistor mounts are temperature sensitive devices it is necessary to eliminate or minimize the effects of changes in the ambient temperature This is accomplished by thermally isolating the mount raising its temperature with a heater element to a level higher than the ambient temperature and maintaining that level by means of an external temperature controller The heater element electrical assembly as illustrated in Figure 3 2 The proper temperature is determined by the characteristics of the thermistor beads Ji ATI 4 7K 25C a t CON1 Figure 3 2 Simplified of RF Power Standards Internal Heater 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 3 2 TEGAM Section IV Operating Instructions General The TEGAM RF Power Standards are designed to be employed as the fourth arm of a bridge configuration These units are designed as the sensin
29. rack mounting equipment the new design allows for use as a terminating sensor and it low weight of 544 3 g 1 2 Ib reduces any stress on connectors Only use with Proper Equipment CAUTION These RF Power Standards are designed to be used with TEGAM Models 1830A 1806A and 1806 only Connecting this device to any other type of circuit or may result in permanent damage to the components Additionally the heater elements used for the internal heater are designed to be used only with the heater control circuits found in TEGAM Models 1830A 1806A and 1806 Connecting these heater elements to any other circuit or device may result in damage Contact TEGAM for any questions regarding instruments that are compatible with these RF Power Standards Use in Proper Environment Normal calibration laboratory practice dictates that the environment should be closely controlled This will minimize errors introduced by temperature and humidity changes A nominal temperature of 23 C 73 4 F provides a good working condition A tolerance of 1 C gives an ideal temperature spread Controlled temperatures also stabilize the aging process of the standards CAUTION The RF Power Standards have a specified operating temperature range of 15 to 30 C 59 to 86 F Operating beyond these limits can affect the accuracy of the instruments and damage internal circuitry CAUTION When an RF Power Standard is to be stored for extended periods pack the instru
30. ructions In all calibrations calibration factors are transferred from a terminating reference to a feed through stand and then into the DUT In some procedures this transfer occurs all in one session and in others time is saved by transferring into the feed through once and then using that feed through calibration factor to calibrate DUT for some time In a perfect world the terminating sensor would present a perfect load and then by reorganizing the above two definitions with incident and output power equal we would have P km kp SubM P SubF Because power sensors are always imperfect loads additional analysis and sometimes correction is required Figure 4 1 shows a signal flow diagram of two one port devices connected together The left hand port is the output or generator port and is designated on the diagram using the subscript g The right hand port is the input or load port and is designated using the subscript I It s clear from the diagram that port reflections dominated by the Gamma vectors generally cause the power that the generator port would output into an ideal load P to not be equal to the power P incident on the load We really have to take into account the combination of reflections or port match to come up with a general understanding of calibration transfer Start with the signal flow diagram In this case a Generator g is represented by an ideal source
31. ssed or protruding pins Recessed or protruding dielectrics Chipped plating Damaged coupling threads Coupling nut retaining ring damage Mushroomed outer interface shells Mushroomed pin shoulders Proper Torque of a APC 2 4 mm Hex Nut To mate a connector of the hex nut type always use a torque wrench set to the correct torque value Tighten the connector slowly until the wrench snaps Tightening too quickly can cause the wrench to exceed its set limit Do not snap the wrench more than once as this also causes over torque CONNECTOR RECOMMENDED TORQUE APC 2 4 mm 8 0 in lbs Figure 6 1 Recommended APC 2 4 mm Torque 10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 5 2 TEGAM Section V Maintenance and Servicing CLEANING CONNECTOR INTERFACES Use the following guidelines in cleaning connector interfaces Do not use chlorinated solvents including common tap water These solvents are extremely penetrating and sometimes ruin otherwise good devices and assemblies Moisten a cotton swab with isopropyl alcohol Roll the swab on a paper towel to remove excess Use the moistened cotton swab to wipe away debris Do not try to dissolve the debris by over wetting the swab Repeat the cleaning process using additional swabs as necessary If metallic particles are embedded in the dielectric use an eyeglass and a sharp pick in an attempt to dislodge them Swab again When satisfied that the inter
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