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1. Pl eles oe Fl Reverse F2 Fl 9 du Al Bi directional scanning can introduce errors in measured positions ED F2 F3 re a AE x ose 2 F2 F3 Solution Reverse frequency sweep and synchronous triggers Figure 18 Reverse sweep with synchronous triggers Functional test A software utility is available for the PNA network analyzer that helps verify that a PNA has been correctly configured with an external source for making antenna measure ments The utility configures the PNA as a receiver and communicates with external sources over GPIB The triggering is done by handshaking the PNA and external sources using the TTL trigger in and trigger out capabilities on the PNA and PSG The software does not verify specifications but is useful in determining that a valid connection has been established between the analyzer and the source Go to http na tm agilent com pna antenna to download the program 4 Migrating from 8510 8530 to PNA network analyzer based systems Migration from 8510 8530 based antenna systems to PNA Table 3 shows the various system components of 8510 8530 based antenna systems and their recommended replacement components While the components listed are recommended replacements some interface requirements are different Refer to the Antenna measurement design consideratio
2. Positioner LO in 5 85309A a coon Positioner controller lt P SP4T PIN switch Amplifier ZHIN 8 ZHIN 8 Option H11 External input Y Router Hub BG ra p LAN xl E PNA trigger out 4 ml 2 ie ae _ Controller 10 MHz reference 1 For long distance applications the use of two global positioning system GPS receivers to supply the 10 MHz reference may be used RF PNA with Option 014 amp H11 Figure 3 Typical far field antenna measurement configuration The PNA s fast data acquisition time makes it an ideal choice for a far field antenna range With the PNA bandwidth set to 10 kHz the data acquisition time is 119 uS per point This is useful in applications where the data acquisition is quite intensive such as in ranges with active array antennas but may not be useful where there are antennas with limited positioner rotation speeds Still with faster data acquisition speeds the IF bandwidth can be narrowed significantly improving measurement sensitivity without increasing total measurement times If the range allows the use of amplifiers instead of a PSG you can take advantage of the excellent frequency agility of the PNA which minimizes the frequency switching time for
3. 5 SS To Option H11 inputs on PNA v v Figure 14 PNA Option H11 and Option 014 connection diagram and input level requirements 25 26 The 85309 1 distribution unit interfaces with the PNA in two different ways providing either a 20 MHz IF signal or an 8 33 MHz IF signal It is important to understand the differences in each configuration before setting up your measurement 85309A with PNA configured with Options 014 and 080 With this setup the PNA operates in frequency offset mode and the 85309A must create a 20 MHz IF signal The receiver is set to 20 MHz and the RF and LO sources must be offset by 20 MHz The test and reference signals are inserted through the front panel links bypassing the PNA s internal coupler This configuration improves the PNA noise floor by approximately 10 to 38 dB depending on frequency However operation in frequency offset modes results in a decrease of frequency stepping speed 85309A with PNA configured with Options 014 080 081 UNL and H11 With this setup the 85309A must create an 8 33 MHz IF signal The RF and LO sources must be offset by 8 33 MHz Normal operation of the PNA automatically offsets the internal LO 8 33 MHz from the internal RF Above 20 GHz the PNA switches to 3rd harmonic mode so that RF 3 LO 8 33MHz This configuration allows the 85309A IF output to be connected to the PNA H11 rear panel IF inputs bypassing the first PNA mixer
4. Option H11 Connectors PNA RF source and LO outputs for external mixing Pulsed measurement capability with Option H08 Direct access to the internal IF Test set Pulse in 8 33 Mhz IF in 0 1 dB Compression point 2 dBm oo 09000 00 RF 10 B B RO Damage level 20 dBm bow Minimum IF gate width 20 ns for less than 1 dB deviation from theoretical performance internal gates DC damage level to pulse connector inputs 5 5 Volts Drive voltage TTL 0 5 0 Volts Gate input impedance 1Kohm Figure 13 Rear panel connectors Pin 26 dBm 85320B Reference mixer RFin Pin 26 dBm LO input RF out from 1 Test port power has to be at a high enough level such that the Drop Cal does not occur If Drop Cal occurs then the power out of the rear panel RF connector will drop by about 15 dB Option H11 IF access Option H11 is only available on the PNA network analyzers Option H11 also requires Options 014 080 081 and UNL Option H11 provides direct access to the first IF down conversion stage The external IF input allows 8 33 MHz IF signals from remote mixers to be input directly to the PNA digitizer bypassing the PNA s RF conversion stage The test system becomes a distributed network analyzer with a tracking source and a tuned receiver This shifts the dynamic range curves and increases sensitivity by approximately 20 dB Option H11 also provides access to the RF and LO si
5. The microwave PNA series instruments are integrated vector network analyzers equipped with a built in S parameter test set synthesized sources hard and floppy disk drives and an LCD display They offer fast data acquisition speeds excellent sensitivity wide dynamic range multiple test channels and frequency agility without compromising measurement accuracy Frequency coverage is from 10 MHz to 110 GHz with extensions to 325 GHz Features Excellent sensitivity due to mixer based architecture In addition the ability to select from a minimum of 29 different IF bandwidths allows the user to optimize the sensitivity versus measurement speed tradeoff Extremely fast data transfer rates are accomplished using the COM DCOM features Flexibility with 4 simultaneous test receivers and 16 001 data points per trace Pulsed measurement capability for point in pulse with pulse widths smaller than 100 ns Removable hard drive ensures the security of the data 35 1 Up to 67 GHz 36 Options Time domain capability Option 010 Optional time domain capability is available with the PNA network analyzer Time domain is most often used for locating reflections inside anechoic chambers Time domain dis plays reflections versus time or distance inside an anechoic chamber Knowing the dis tance of a reflection from the source antenna helps the operator locate the reflection source and helps to identify and mitigate the ref
6. When using a coupled reference the reference channel power level can be determined by subtracting the cable insertion losses and the coupling factor of the directional coupler and adding amplifier gain if any to the output power of the transmit source Power at the test mixer The power at the test mixer is equivalent to the power at the output of the AUT calculated earlier if the mixer is attached directly to the AUT The power level at the test mixer can be determined from the following equation Gaut L2 where Power level at the test mixer dBm Epp Effective radiated power dBm Pp Free space loss power dissipation dB Gaur Gain of the test antenna dBi L Cable loss between AUT and test mixer dB Caution must not exceed the maximum power level of the mixer Mixer Conversion Loss must be less than 5 dBm so as to not exceed the 1 dB compression level for the IF input to the 85309A 19 1 Refer to Table 10 in the Antenna measurement components catalog section on page 35 for mixer conversion loss 20 Power at the analyzer inputs Calculate the IF power levels at the receiver using the following equations Prep Pr conversion loss of mixers conversion gain of 85309A L3 L5 Prest conversion loss of mixers conversion gain of 85309A L4 L6 Where L Cables losses as shown in Figure 11 Conversion gain of 85309A 23 dB t
7. 1 f switch mye d 2 ey ut La Pin switch control Figure 2 Typical near field antenna measurement configuration using a PNA with Option 014 direct receiver access Note With Option H11 the first IF of the PNA is at 8 33 MHz so when using H11 inputs the user should offset external mixer LO inputs by 8 33 MHz Source antenna Optional amplifier PSG Synthesized source 7 A ino JeBBu eBBu LAN Power Suppl Measurement 4 automation software Far field antenna measurements The PNA based system shown in Figure 3 uses 85320A B broadband external mixers and a 85309A distributed frequency converter The internal microwave synthesized source of the PNA is used as the LO source for the 85309A saving the cost of an external LO source Far field antenna measurements require high sensitivity Excellent sensitivity can be achieved by adding Option H11 IF Access This is because the 8 33 MHz IF signal bypasses the first downconversion stage in the PNA and is routed directly to the input of the second downconversion stage in the via the rear panel System noise figure improves from approximately 36 dB to less than 20 dB resulting in excellent measure ment sensitivity 114 dBm with a 10 kHz IF BW setting By reducing IF BW on the PNA even greater sensitivity can be achieved 85320A Y Test mixer 85320B Reference mixer NI 4
8. 23 Time domain See Table 1 in section 3 for a list of PNA series network analyzers their frequency ranges power and sensitivity Refer to the PNA data sheet for additional specifications literature number 5988 7988EN For more detailed information regarding pulsed measurement capabilities with the microwave PNA refer to the Agilent Web site www agilent com find pna and download the PNA Series MW Network Analyzers Configuration Guide for Pulsed Measurements literature number 5988 9833EN Additional information is also available in Application Note 1408 11 literature number 5989 0563EN and Pulsed Antenna Measurements Using PNA Network Analyzers literature number 5989 0221EN 1 Up to 67 GHz 37 38 PNA L series network analyzers The PNA L has many of the same great characteristics of the PNA family but differs in the following ways Option H11 IF access and Option H08 Pulsed RF measurement capability are not available The PNA L cannot be upgraded to millimeter frequencies The PNA L allows even wider IF bandwidth settings than the PNA and has speed advantages over the PNA It has slightly less sensitivity than the PNA refer to Table 1 in section 3 for a sensitivity comparison For additional information and specifications refer to the PNA L data sheet literature number 5989 0514EN ENA The ENA differs from the PNA in the following ways Option H11 IF access Option H08 Pulsed RF measurement capabi
9. Complex switch configurations Complex PIN switch trees with multiple outputs can be easily configured Figure 35 shows conceptually how multiple PIN switches can be configured Configurations such as these are used in making phased array antenna measurements Switch control Multiple channel controller Figure 35 Example 1P16T switch configuration constructed from modular components 53 Switch specifications Table 13 85331 32B specifications Model Frequency S21 OFFS21 OFFS22 ONS22 ONS11 Max power number range GHz db db db db db dBm 85331B 0 045 to 0 5 2 0 85 19 0 10 0 10 0 27 1P2T 0 5 to 18 4 5 90 19 0 10 0 10 0 27 18 26 5 6 0 90 12 5 6 0 5 5 27 26 5 to 40 10 0 85 10 0 6 0 4 5 27 0 045 to 0 5 2 0 85 19 0 9 0 10 0 27 85332B 0 5 to 18 4 5 90 19 0 9 0 10 0 27 1 4 18 to 26 5 7 0 90 12 5 5 0 5 5 27 26 5 to 40 12 0 85 10 0 4 5 4 0 27 Figure 36 Switch port match definitions for switch on off states Other information Connectors on PIN switch All RF ports are 2 4 mm female a 2 4 mm male to 3 5 mm female adapter is provided for all RF ports The bias connector mates with LEMO 7 pin plug FGG 1K 307 CLAC60 Note Agilent channel partners can provide the control interface and timing required for these PIN switches Drive levels Refer to Figure 37 for pin locations Note the notch and red mark on the bias c
10. RENE EMO 30 4 Migrating from 8510 8530 to 31 Migration from 8510 8530 based antenna systems to PNA network analyzer based 31 Engineering services provided for 8510 8530 migration to PNA series network 32 Migration 33 5 Antenna measurement components catalog 35 Microwave network analyzers 35 E Sh ie ee eh eka dg xaT Nap tens 38 Frequency 5 40 Amplifiers ebie head 50 Multiple channel measurements 52 Measurement 56 Appendix 1 PNA security 57 Terms and definitions 2 000 57 PNA MEMON sas siste Sota at Snot MM Er d des rd 58 Memory clearing sanitization and or removal 58 User and remote interface security 59 Procedure for declassifying a faulty 60 Appendix 2 How to select PNA I
11. Set span to 0 Hz Set 801 points Turn smoothing off Place reference in center of screen Set reference value marker Select single sweep Continue when sweep is complete Adjust reference value until noise envelope is centered on screen Adjust scale until noise spreads across 6 grid lines Three noise spikes should pass through either grid 2 or 8 Scale roughly equals rms trace noise TN scale Average ____ Repeat from step k at least three times Average result above 5 3 7 N Determine equivalent PNA IF BW Set PNA up for desired measurement Turn calibration off Place marker at desired point Select log mag Set center frequency marker Set span to 0 Hz Set 801 points Turn trace statistics on Read rms noise Std Dev from marker data Adjust PNA IF BW until Std Dev Average TN from step 1m 61 Appendix 3 How to configure an external source for use with a PNA 62 Connect the PNA and PSG ESG as shown in the Figure 38 1 Setting up the source b c d e f g h i Set up step mode start stop number of points Turn manual mode to on Sweep direction to up Sweep repeat to continuous Sweep trigger to free run Set trigger out polarity to Negative Point trigger to Ext Neg Set RF output power to 10 dBm Set RF output power to ON 2 Setting up the PNA a b Set up the input ratio 1 Select
12. This configuration provides the best sensitivity Note The following equations are not required for frequencies under 20 GHz At lower frequencies the PNA operates in fundamental mixing mode and the LO frequency is automatically offset by 8 33 MHz Setting up the PNA LO for an 8 33 MHz IF signal The PNA LO must be set so that an 8 33 MHz IF signal is produced by the mixers for input to the PNA Option H11 inputs Using the equations below the appropriate LO frequency can be calculated Using the rear panel LO available with Option H11 as the LO input of the 85309A We know that for a mixer IF N LO RF where N external mixer harmonic number With Option 080 frequency offset the frequency out of the rear panel LO port is defined as LO RF offset 8 33 MHz Substituting for LO in the first equation we have IF N Gy RF offset 8 33 MHz RF 1 JN RF N offset N 8 33 RF To create low side LO set m 1 Simplifying IF RF N 8 33 N offset RF N 8 33 N offset Since IF must be equal to 8 33 MHz then 8 33 N 8 33 N offset 1 N 8 33 N offset Therefore offset MHz 8 33 Using the Option 080 dialog box shown in Figure 15 to set up the LO enter the offset calculated above set Multiplier to 1 and Divisor to N the harmonic number of the external mixer and select the box next to Frequency Offset on off then click OK Frequency
13. download the file from www agilent com find pna Additional COM DCOM information can be found in Application Note 1408 13 Agilent literature number 5980 2666EN Customers can either develop their own software or work with one of Agilent Technologies channel partners to develop the code Agilent channel partners have software available for PNA drivers Appendix 1 PNA security features Terms and definitions Clearing The process of eradicating the data on media before reusing the media so that the data can no longer be retrieved using the standard interfaces on the instrument Clearing is typically used when the instrument is to remain in an environment with an acceptable level of protection Sanitization The process of removing or eradicating stored data so that the data cannot be recovered using any known technology Instrument sanitization is typically required when an instrument is moved from a secure to a non secure environment such as when it is returned to the factory for calibration The instrument is declassified Agilent memory sanitization procedures are designed for customers who need to meet the requirements specified by the US Defense Security Service DSS These requirements are outlined in the Clearing and Sanitization Matrix issued by the Cognizant Security Agency CSA and referenced in National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual NISPOM DoD 5220 22M ISL 011 1 section 8 301 Security erase Refers to either t
14. frequencies above 18 GHz Thus an LO source that operates over the frequency range of 0 3 to 18 GHZ will be adequate for all frequencies of operation A large selection of sources is available for the LO source In many situations the PNA can supply the LO signal since the LO sources only need to operate over the frequency range of 0 3 to 18 GHz The LO source must be able to supply 0 to 6 dBm power at the 85309A LO input To determine whether the source has enough power cable losses must first be considered Loss of LO cables is dependent on frequency lower frequencies have lower loss per unit length and higher frequencies have higher loss Therefore the maximum LO frequency utilized will result in the maximum cable loss The maximum LO frequency is dependent on the frequency specified for the antenna range and whether fundamental or harmonic mixing is used There is a trade off between LO frequency and system sensitivity Fundamental mixing provides the lowest conversion loss in the mixer and the best system sensitivity Harmonic mixing allows lower LO frequencies to be used with longer cable lengths but has higher conversion loss in the mixer and less system sensitivity Before calculating cable loss you must first determine the LO frequency If using PNA Option H11 the LO frequency must be set so that an 8 33MHz IF is produced The PNA s LO is offset from its RF by 8 33 MHz automatically if the PNA is operated below 20 GHz and frequency
15. offset is turned off Refer to Setting up the PNA LO for an 8 33 MHz IF later in this document for more information The PNAS internal LO can be accessed through a rear panel output port if Option H11 is installed Its frequency range is limited to 1 7 GHz to 20 GHz The signal on the rear panel is very low power and always requires an amplifier to achieve the required power level at the 85309A The front panel RF can only be used as the LO for the 85309A if it is not used as the system RF 17 Note The same LO cable type and length is required for both the reference and test mixer modules This is to ensure that the insertion losses through the reference and test mixer module LO paths are the same Using the same LO cable type also optimizes cable phase tracking versus temperature and therefore system phase measurement stability and accuracy When a rotary joint is used the equivalent cable length must be added to the reference mixer LO cable due to the rotary joint insertion loss To determine the equivalent cable length first determine the insertion loss from the input to the output of the rotary joint at the maximum LO frequency Then using insertion loss curves for the LO cables between the 85309A and the mixer module calculate the equivalent length in meters at the maximum LO frequency The reference LO cable length must be increased by this amount Calculate required power of LO source P cable length mete
16. other is shipped with all amplifiers Recommended power supplies The 87422A is the recommended power supply for the 83020A amplifier For all other amplifiers the recommended power supply is the 87421A A 2 meter power cable with connectors to connect between amplifier and power supply is provided with all power supplies Table 12 Power supply specifications ac input dc output Output Size Model voltage nom power H W D 87421A 100 10 240 12V 82 04 12 V 8 200 mA 25W max 57 114 176 mm 50 60 Hz 2 3 4 5 6 9 in 87422A 10010240 151 8 3 3 A 15 V 8 50 mA 70 W max 86 202 276 mm 50 60 Hz 12 V 2 0 A 12 V 9 200 mA 3 4 8 0 10 9 in 1 The 15V output is designed to power the 83020A the 12V output can be used to power an additional amplifier 51 Note The 85331B and 85332B do not contain a switch control unit If your system is configured with an 85330A multiple channel controller the switch control unit must be ordered separately Agilent part number 85331 60061 Customer supplied 52 Multiple channel measurements Figure 33 2 and 4 port PIN switches 85331B 1P2T PIN switch 0 045 to 50 GHz 85332B 1P4T PIN switch 0 045 to 50 GHz The 85331B and 85332B PIN switches offer the ability to switch between test channels quickly These high performance PIN switches have 90 dB of isolation low loss and a 45 MHz to 50 GHz bandwidth They are absorptive providing a go
17. signal level at RF or LO inputs 300 MHz to 3 GHz Fundamental mixing mode 1to 18 GHz Fundamental mixing mode 2 to 18 GHz Third harmonic mode 18 to 50 GHz 10 volts 20 dBm Option H20 26 dBm standard Option H50 Table 9 LO signal power LO frequency Minimum power Typical power Maximum power 85320A B H20 0 3 to 3 GHz 8 dBm 10 dBm 16 dBm 85320A B 1 to 18 GHz 7 5 dBm 11 dBm 16 dBm 85320A B H50 2 18 GHz 12 dBm 14dBm 17 dBm Table 10 Conversion loss Frequency range LO harmonic Typical loss Maximum loss 85320A B H20 300 MHzto3GHz 1 10 dB 14 dB 85320A B 1to 2 GHz 1 18 0 dB 22 dB 2to 3 GHz 1 12 0 dB 16 dB 3to 5 GHz 1 11 0 dB 15 dB 5 to 18 GHz 1 14 7 dB 17 dB 6 to 8 GHz 3 23 8 dB 26 dB 8to 16 GHz 3 26 5 dB 28 dB 16 to 26 5 GHz 3 28 5 dB 33 dB 85320A B H50 2 to 18 GHz 1 12 dB 18 to 50 GHz 3 28 dB Connector types RF input All other connectors type N female Option H20 3 5 mm male standard 2 4 mm male Option H50 type N female Environmental characteristics Operating conditions 0 to 55 C 0 to 45 C Option H50 Non operating conditions 40 to 75 C 5 to 90 relative humidity non condens ing Size 85320A excluding connectors 97 mm 3 8 in W x 122 mm 4 8 in L x 34 mm 1 3 in D Option H20 H50 83 mm 3 25 in W x 122 mm 4 8 in Lx 33 mm 1 3 in D standard 85320B excluding connectors 97 mm 3 8 in W x 186 mm 7 3 i
18. signal sources and antenna positioners It is also used to associate measurements with a given position or angle of an antenna Most triggering is done via edge triggering To set up triggering from the pull down menus select Sweep gt Trigger gt Trigger The dialog box shown on the left in Figure 17 appears Set the Trigger Source Trigger Scope and Channel Trigger State then click External Trigger to set up the trigger parameters as shown in the dialog box on the right side of Figure 17 xi emal Trigge x m Trigger Source 34j Input morcm eiue Channel ieee Cancel in 0 usec E 1 7 C Level Edge amp uxl 0 19 High Level Tagger Scope 0 18 Low Level rS Trigger TRIG IN BNC Positive Edge Negative Edge Channel External Trigger IV Accept Trigger Before Armed r Channel Trigger State ined Channel 1 z Point Sweep Output v Enable Output Continuous Polarity Position Positive Pulse Bef C Groups 4 E Number of Groups in um ve Pulse C ARA C Single C Hold o Cancel Hee Figure 17 PNA triggering system When Accept Trigger Before Armed is checked as the PNA becomes armed ready to be triggered the PNA will immediately trigger if any triggers were received since the last data collection The PNA remembers only one trigge
19. total of two test channels and one reference channel Option 002 adds two additional test channels provides a total of three test channels and one reference channel Option 908 rack mount kit without handles Option 913 rack mount kit with handles Option 910 additional manual Option W30 Option W31 extended return to Agilent warranty extended on site warranty Special options Occasionally an application requires locating the mixers at a distance greater than is possible with a standard 85309A Greater distances require additional LO output power from the 85309A Several special options that increase the output power of the 85309A are available Refer to the 85309A H30 section in this document Other information Connectors Environmental Non operating conditions Power consumption Weight Size Ref IF antenna 3 dB type N female operating conditions 0 to 55 C 40 to 75 C 5 to 90 6 relative humidity non condensing 47 5 to 66 Hz 100 120 or 220 240 10 125 VA maximum 15 5 kg 34 Ib 460 mm 18 1 in W x 133 mm 5 25 in H x 533 mm 21 in D RF input to mixers 24 dBm 1 dB compression point Conversion gain from RF input of mixers to IF output of 85309A 10 5 dB LO LO input to 85309A should be 0 to 6 dBm 8532
20. 0B LO input ot mixers should be 11 to 14 dBm LO DETIF Agilent 85309A J2 J5 J4 LO IF unit Slope Ref LO Ref IF A10 pad amp amp J10 RENIE Lo A12 n AL input t A2 e Pos input etector J Mus E NY 11 Power voltage ALC assembly Z blank divider display i 7 A16 Jg Test IF AT4 A13 diplexer Slope Test LO Freq Max input 1dB pad amp Test IF A amp lt ALC feedback 20Mhz 14dBm J3 J8 J7 R1 8 33 Mhz 27 dBm LO IF Rear Test panel antenna 85320A Diplexer jumper Q Setup cal Hace E0229 program Ee OBd I 1 Fe o A pim a E836X PNA 080 081 014 H11 H11 damage level is 20 dBm Figure 27 85309A LO IF distribution unit block diagram 43 44 85309A H30 H31 and H32 high power LO IF distribution units The 85309A H30 H31 and H32 are the high power versions of the 85309A LO IF distri bution unit H30 H31 and H32 designate special high power options for the 85309A 85309A H30 high output power one test channel and one reference channel 85309A H31 high output power two test channels and one reference channel 85309A H32 high output power three test channels and one reference channel Specifications Table 8 85309A H30 H31 and H32 specifications Characteristics Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Conditions Frequency range 0 3 1
21. 4 GHz 18 dBm 22 dBm 14 dBm 18 dBm 10 dBm 13 dBm N A N A N A Millimeter wave test For frequencies above 67 GHz millimeter wave test head modules are available These modules require the N5260A millimeter wave controller and the internal source of the PNA Select a source module from Table 6 Agilent and Oleson Microwave Laboratory can offer millimeter wave test heads in different configurations allowing for dual test channels transmission reflection only or full s parameter operation depending on your needs Contact your Agilent sales engineer for additional details Table 6 Millimeter wave configurations WR 15 WR 12 WR 10 WR 08 WR 06 WR 05 WR 03 50 75 GHz 60 90 GHz 75 110 GHz 90 140 GHz 110 170 GHz 140 220 GHz 220 325 GHz Test set N5260A controller Test head N5260AW15 N5260AW12 N5260AW10 N5260AW08 N5260AW06 N5260AW05 N5260AW03 modules External Recommended Required synthesizers E8257D with Options 520 and UNX E8257D with Qty of 2 one for RF and one for LO Options 520 and UNX Oty of 2 one for RF and one for LO Refer to the PSG data sheets literature numbers 5989 0698EN E8257D and 5989 0697EN E8267D or PNA Millimeter Wave Technical Overview literature number 5988 9620EN for additional information 39 40 Frequency converters Figure 25 85309 LO IF distribution unit and 85320A B mixer modules The 85309A LO IF
22. 8 GHz Power output 215 gt 245 dBm 0 3 to 0 5 GHz 0dBm input gt 25 6 dBm Input Power output 22 75 gt 25 dBm 0 5 to 3 GHz 0dBm input 6 dBm Input Power output 2475 gt 27 dBm 3 to 6 2 GHz 0dBm input gt 301 6 dBm Input Power output 22 75 gt 262 dBm 6 2 to 18 GHz 0dBm input 4251 6 dBm Input 428 Output power t2 dB 0 3 to 18 GHz 0 or channel tracking 6 dBm input LO input return loss 9 dB 0 3 to 18 GHz 0 or 6 dBm input LO output return loss 7 dB 0 3 to 18 GHz 0 or 6 dBm input IF channel small 21 25 dB 20 MHz 35 dBm input signal gain 1 Typical measurement on 85309A H32 test channel 3 2 Typical measurement on 85309A H32 test channel 3 6 to 9 GHz 0 dBm input Absolute maximum ratings LO input power CW Ref channel IF input power CW Ref channel detecto r Input Pos Z blanking input Storage temperature Operating temperatu Other information re Connectors type N female 23 dBm 13 dBm 20 VDC 10 VDC 40 to 85 C 0 to 50 C eee L O LF Dist unit 85309A 85320A B Opt H3x Opt H20 in 10 out Pin d 6t010dBm The following diagram shows the power levels for the various mixer configurations Dwn conv mixers 6 poe Pmxr dBm Ref chan 8 to 16 dBm 0 3 3 GHz 0 3 3 GHz Test chan 13 5 dB max L 0 1 F Dist unit Opt H3x wn conv mixers 85309A in LO out ALC QU 6dB C Q ch
23. Agilent Antenna Test Selection Guide I Met HIF a0 oon ort a GRE Cet iu 3X Agilent Technologies Table of Contents 1 Introduction oor eve eem tenere Re P Do 3 Usethis quide a oo eue ce aioe REP UNE en CUR DA A 3 Main parts of an antenna 4 Channel 4 2 Overview of antenna applications using the Agilent PNA network analyzer 5 Near field antenna 6 Far field antenna measurements 5 7 Radar cross section 9 Banded millimeter wave antenna 10 3 Antenna measurement design considerations 12 Transmit site 12 Receive site configuration with external 17 Determining measurement speed 21 Optimizing speed and dynamic range 22 PNA interface 23 Triggeriiig ede ADR eed 29 Functional testas tour LERRA I AREA
24. F BW with performance comparable to 8510 61 Appendix 3 How to configure an external source for use with a PNA 62 1 Introduction Agilent Technologies provides many of the components you need to make accurate antenna and radar cross section RCS measurements This Antenna Test Selection Guide will help you select the hardware necessary to meet your antenna measurement requirements This note is primarily for customers who want to design integrate and install their own antenna measurement system using Agilent antenna test equipment and for customers migrating to Agilent s latest network analyzers For the experienced do it yourself customer this selection guide will describe the input and output character istics of antenna measurement components available through Agilent Your Agilent Technologies sales engineer will be glad to assist you in procuring the instrumentation Agilent Technologies does not provide software or integration services for antenna measurement systems However Agilent Productivity Services can provide these services for a fee Some customers may prefer the design integration and installation of an antenna system be performed for them by a solution supplier who has extensive antenna test configuration experience Agilent Technologies works with channel partners who can provide this service Our channel partners will work with you to understand your measurement needs and design an antenna test system that meets
25. Hz 13 to 26 5 GHz 83017A 0 5to26 55 20 100typ to20GHz 18 64 20 GHz 25 8 to 20 GHz Yes BNC f 12 700 3 5 mm f 15 32 typ 26 5 GHz 18 0 75 dBm2 13 to 26 5 GHz 12 V 50 64 7 8Af mw 20 lt f lt 26 5 GHz 83018A 2 to 26 5 24 250 to 20 GHz 22 160 to 20 GHz 27to20 GHz 10to20GHz Yes BNC f 12V 2A 3 5 mm f 21 125 min to 26 5 GHz 17 50 to 26 5 GHz 23 to 26 5 GHz 13 to 26 5 GHz 12 V 50 mA 83020A 2to 26 5 30 1000 to 20 GHz 27 500 20 GHz 30to20GHz 10to20GHz Yes BNC f 15V 3 2A 3 5 mm f 30 0 7Af dBm min 23 200 to 26 5 GHz 27 to 26 5 GHz 13 to 26 5 GHz 15 V 50 mA 1000 65Af mw min 20 lt f lt 26 5 GHz 83050A 2to50 20 100 min to 40 GHz 15 32 to 40 GHz 23 6 to 26 5 GHz 12 830 mA 24 mm f 19 0 2Af dBm 13 20 to 50 GHz 10 to 50 GHz 12 V 50 mA 80 3 1Af mw 40 lt f lt 50 GHz 83051A 0 045 to 50 12 16 min to 45 GHz min 8 6 to 45 GHz 23 12 to 2 GHz No 12 425 mA 2 4mm f 10 10 min to 50 GHz min 6 4 to 50 GHz 6 to 26 5 GHz 12 V 50 mA 10 to 50 GHz 87405A 0 01 to 3 26 400 typ 4 2 5 22 6 5to2GHz No 15V980mA N f 27 max 7 5 to 3 GHz N m 8 415A 2to8 26 400 typ 23 200 25 13 No 12 900 SMA f 1 Detector output can be used for leveling output power at the test port 2 Af f GHz 20 3 A f f GHz 40 A 2 meter power cable with a connector on one end and bare wires on the
26. M DCOM features LAN connectivity through a built in 10 100 Mb s LAN inter face enables the PC to be distanced from the test equipment Together these features provide remote testing and reduced test time Flexibility and accuracy Up to four simultaneous test receivers A B R1 R2 are available in the standard PNA with 16 001 data points available for each trace Option 080 enables the PNA series to set the source frequency independently from where the receivers are tuned The user may enter multiplier and offset values to describe how the instrument s receivers track the source frequency With Option 080 reference receiver power levels can be below the phase lock level since phase locking is performed separately You can attain exceptionally accurate antenna measurements by combining Option H11 IF access with Option 080 Frequency offset capability and advanced triggering This combination supports synchronization with external signal generators greatly improving the accuracy of measurements Pulsed measurements Option H11 adds internal receiver gates for use in pulsed RF and pulsed antenna test applications Combined with Option H08 these gates augment the PNA s pulse measure ment capability by enabling point in pulse testing with pulse widths smaller than 100 ns Security For secure environments the PNA family features a removable hard drive to completely ensure the security of the data that is acquired by the PNA Refer to Append
27. Offset xj Iv Frequency Offset on off Offset Settings Response Offset Multiplier Divisor x Stimulus Offset Multiplier 1 000000 El Divisor 1000000 Response Frequencies 10 000000 MHz 57 000000 GHz Response Start Frequency Response Stop Frequency Stimulus Control Cw Override Cw 1 000000000 GHz El DK Cancel Help Figure 15 Option 080 dialog box 2 28 Using the front panel Port 1 Source Out as the LO input for the 85309 We know that for a mixer IF N LO RF where N external mixer harmonic number Since IF 8 33 MHz then 8 33 N LO RF LO MHz RF 8 33 N To set the LO frequency of the 85309 simply set the RF output on the PNA to the LO frequency calculated above Turning on Option H11 Although Option H11 is installed you must assure that the IF switch is set correctly for it to function properly Select Channel gt Advanced gt IF Switch Configuration Then Select External for both IF Inputs IF Switch Configuration Channel 1 IF Input m and R1 B and R2 C Normal Normal Cancel External C mi Help Figure 16 Enabling external IF inputs Triggering Typically in an antenna measurement system the is externally triggered External triggering is required to synchronize the PNA s data collecting with other hardware such as
28. Trace gt Measure gt Measure 2 Now select the Receivers tab 3 Configure an A B ratio i Check an Activate box ii From the drop down menus select for Numerator and B for Denominator Set IF Bandwidth to 10 KHz 1 Select Sweep gt IF Bandwidth 2 Type in 10 kHz 3 Click OK c Open the sweep setup dialogue box d e 1 Select Sweep gt Sweep Setup 2 Select Channel 1 2 Check Stepped Sweep 3 Set dwell time to match dwell time in external source Usually 2msec 4 Click OK The dialogue box will close Open the Sweep Type dialog box 1 Select Sweep gt Sweep Type 2 Select sweep type Linear Frequency 3 Set Sweep Properties start stop and number of points using drop down menus to match external source settings 4 Click Apply then OK Open Trigger Dialog box 1 Next select Sweep gt Trigger gt Trigger 2 Set Trigger source to External 3 Set Trigger scope to Channel 4 Set Channel Trigger state to Channel 1 one 5 Check Point sweep 6 Select Continuous 7 Next click External Trigger external trigger dialogue box opens i Set channel trigger delay Ousec ii Select Channel 1 one iii Set source to TRIG IN BNC iv Set Level Edge to Negative Edge v Check Accept Trigger Before Armed vi Check Enable Output vii Polarity select Negative Pulse viii Position select Before ix Click OK x Click OK f Now set the external source to Manua
29. UNL 014 080 081 un 000 ooo oo oo oo na LL nu oo nui BEI N5260A mmWave controller Rx antenna T2 module T R module OML test heads Figure 6 Typical millimeter wave configuration using an Agilent PNA a mm wave controller and Oleson Microwave Laboratory millimeter wave modules The following Oleson Microwave Laboratory OML Millimeter wave VNA2 frequency extension modules for S parameter measurements are supported WR 15 50 75 GHz WR 12 60 90 GHz WR 10 75 110 GHz WR 8 90 140 GHz WR 6 110 170 GHz WR 5 140 220 GHz WR 170 260 GHz WR 3 220 325 GHz With the OML heads that operate above 110 GHz for S parameter measurements ratio IF bandwidths of 10 or 100 Hz should be used to optimize performance In addition two external synthesizers PSG series can be used to enhance system dynamic range especially at or above 220 GHz In order to obtain this solution the following equipment is required Microwave series network analyzer with Options H11 UNL 014 080 and 081 N5260A millimeter wave controller Millimeter wave VNA frequency extension modules from Agilent or Oleson Microwave Labs Figure 7 shows a PNA banded millimeter wave solution applied to an outdoor antenna measurement The transmit side left uses an OML Transmit Receive T R module
30. W85104A 75 110 GHz test set module N5250A or OML head 10 MHz 110 GHz 8360 Series RF Sources None required 31 Engineering services provided for 8510 8530 migration to series network analyzers For current users of the 8510 8530 series of network analyzers Agilent offers a spectrum of engineering services that provide training code conversion and or test plan design These services allow you to take advantage of the excellent performance of the PNA series with ease Agilent s network analyzer experts can save you time and money by working with you to migrate your 8510 instruments and transition your test code quickly and easily Table 4 Recommended consulting services Note Additional consulting services can be purchased at time of sale or later by ordering part number PS S20 100 32 Transition scenario Recommended service Description Users migrating 8510 network analyzers to new PNA series solutions H7215B 203 PNA series network analyzer operation training course Test programmers converting R1362A 116 8510 to PNA series test code automated 8510 network analyzer conversion service systems to PNA series solutions 7215 204 PNA programming using SCPI training course H7215B 205 PNA programming using COM training course Test engineers creating a test R1361A 112 Network analyzer test plan plan that makes use of the new high performance PNA series features development servic
31. an n m 22 5 dBm 8to 16 dBm 2 18 GHz 2 18 GHz Test chan 14 5 dB max 1 Mixers are operated in the 3rd Harmonic Mode 10 5 dB max chan Figure 28 85309A Option H30 31 32 external mixer configurations L 0 1 F Dist unit Opt H3x 85520A 8 wn conv mixers w 85309A in LO out ALC _ t Boise EC fe apc cut ue gt mxr X ais 8 to 16 dBm z t Test x chan 14 5 dB MN S o E L 0 1 F Dist unit 85320A B VON 85309A Opt H3x Opt H50 k kassali Dwn conv mixers 1 Pin Xt LO out ALC r Oto 6 dB Ref j i Po chan mxr x aem 12 to 17 dBm 2 18 GHz 2 18 GHz T chan 10 5 dB max 1 1 L 0 1 F Dist unit XM 85320A B 1 pt Hox Opt H50 EE Lo 85309 Dwn conv mixers Pin LO out ALC 4 0 to 6 dBm Ref Po chan oos dam 1210 17 dBm 2 167 GHz 18 50 GHz Test 45 46 85320A B mixer modules Figure 29 85320A B mixer module The 85320A B 85320A B H20 and 85320A B H50 mixer modules are designed for use with the 85309A LO IF distribution unit Each antenna range should have one reference mixer B model numbers and one to three text mixers A model numbers In conjunction with the 85309A the mixers serve to downconvert microwave frequencies to an IF signal for measurement by the PNA network analyzer Features The mi
32. and the receive side right uses the OML Dual T module Dual T modules are ideal for measuring both vertical and horizontal polarities of the antenna Use of the T R module also allows voltage standing wave ratio VSWR testing of the AUT OML Receive AUT OML Wave guide head Wave guide head OML Dual rear head Transmit feed OML TR head V BRI H 2 1 511 ARI 836 11 Figure 7 Typical millimeter wave antenna application For additional information about millimeter measurements see Application Note 1408 15 Banded Millimeter Wave Measurements with the PNA literature number 5989 4098EN 11 3 Antenna measurement design considerations When designing an antenna measurement system there are many parameters that must be considered in order to select the optimum equipment Begin by considering the components for the transmit site then move to the receive site Designing a complete antenna system often requires you to configure the transmit site then the receive site and then make adjustments to the transmit site and recalculate the values for optimum performance Transmit site configuration Transmit antenna Optional amplifier Figure 8 Transmit site configuration Select the transmit source In selecting the transmit source consider the frequency range of the antenna under test the distance to the transmit antenna the available power of the source and the speed requirements for the measure
33. distribution unit and the 85320A B mixers downconvert a microwave signal to an IF signal that can be measured by the PNA The distributed frequency converter uses external mixers for microwave downconversion These mixers can be located directly at the antenna under test The frequency of operation depends upon the frequency range of the external mixers selected Features Allows mixers to be located at the antenna under test minimizing RF cable loss Allows fundamental mixing to 18 GHz for best sensitivity Provides best rejection of unwanted spurious signals Description The 85309A LO IF distribution unit contains LO signal amplifiers which amplify LO drive power through RF cables to the mixers The high output power allows the mixers to be located more than seven meters from the 85309A Since the 85309A uses a separate LO amplifier for each channel channel to channel isolation of 100 dB is achieved minimiz ing signal leakage from the reference to the test channel and improving the accuracy of the measurement There are also IF amplifiers located in the 85309A which serve as a preamplifier for the receiver reducing the overall system noise figure significantly A leveling detector in the reference mixer is used to provide the proper LO drive to the mixers It is important to use equal length cables to both the reference and test mixers to ensure the same cable loss and provide the same LO drive power to both mixers An internal filte
34. e 1 For long distance applications the use of two GPS receivers to supply the 10 MHz reference may be used Migration examples When migrating from an 8510 8530 to a PNA network analyzer it is important to recog nize the differences in power speed and sensitivity between the analyzers In remote mixing configurations using Option H11 the damage level of the PNA is much lower than the 8510 8530 You must assure that the power going into the analyzer does not exceed 27 dBm by placing attenuators between the 85309A and the H11 inputs Review section Option H11 IF access earlier in this document for more detailed information The internal source of the PNA improves the measurement speed over an external source however the internal source is not always feasible to use The IF BW setting on the PNA and PNA L is adjustable the IF BW of the 8510 8530 was fixed so sensitivity can be changed by adjusting the IF BW setting on the and PNA L Software will not port directly from 8510 8530 code to PNA code For fastest remote control of the PNA the use of COM programming is recommended See Measurement Automation later in this document Contact your Agilent Applications Engineer for additional assistance with programming The following two examples show conceptually how to migrate from an 8510 8530 to a PNA based antenna system Since every system is unique it is not feasible to show every modificatio
35. e the speed of the PNA either measure it directly or use the following equation to calculate the approximate speed To measure the speed either use a program to time when the PNA completes the meas urement or use an oscilloscope and monitor the ready for trigger line out the rear panel BNC labeled 1 0 2 Trig Out Put the in external trigger mode set it to the default of hi level trigger If there is no trigger in you do not have to enable Trigger Out A pull up on the trig in line will cause the PNA to run at max speed The total measurement time is the spacing between trig outs 2 Calculate the speed To calculate the approximate measurement speed use the following equation Total Measurement time data taking pre sweep time band crossing retrace Data taking Measurement time per point is determined by the larger of 1 BW or the maximum sweep rate For wide spans with fewer points sweep rate is more likely to dominate Sweep rate is approximately 600 GHz ms for the PNA and approximately 900 GHz ms for the PNA L Pre sweep time In swept mode pre sweep time is 222 uS for the and 56 uS for the PNA L In step mode calculate the sweep time from the following information PNA fastest step speed at 1 Hz pt max IF BW is 170 us and at 10 MHz pt max IF BW is 278 us PNA L fastest step speed at 1 Hz pt max IF BW is 80 us and at 10 MHz pt max IF BW is 160 us Band crossings take on the order of 4 8 ms pe
36. ed away anyway leaving only the central spectral compo nent The disadvantage to narrowband detection is that measurement dynamic range is a function of duty cycle As the duty cycle of the pulses gets smaller longer time between pulses the average power of the pulses gets smaller resulting in less signal to noise ratio In this way measurement dynamic range decreases as duty cycle decreases This phenomenon is often called pulse desensitization The degradation in dynamic range in dB can be expressed as 20 log duty cycle I M IF filter Time domain IF filter V D R degradation 20 log duty cycle T LY fce The IF gates supplied with Option H11 can only be used with Option H08 H08 includes all of the proprietary algorithms necessary to implement the spectral nulling technique used with narrowband detection H08 also controls the pulse generator s used in the system and performs pulse profile measurements Option H08 comes with two software compo nents One is a dynamic link library DLL which acts as a sub routine and is needed for automated environments The second portion is a Visual Basic VB application that runs on the PNA This VB application is used for stand alone bench top use It interacts with the DLL and sends appropriate commands to the PNA and the pulse generator s The VB application is assigned to one of the PNA s macro keys for easy access a domain ml Figure
37. em Measurement automation allows the user to quickly and easily control the PNA for operations such as frequency sweeps and making antenna pattern measure ments The series network analyzers have two connections for communicating with external software GPIB and LAN The protocol used to communicate with the analyzer determines which physical connection will be used There are two methods available to remotely control the PNA Component object model COM and Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumentation SCPI The COM protocol requires a LAN connection SCPI protocol can be used directly over GPIB or you can use the Standard Instrument Control Library SICL 1 0 libraries with a LAN connection COM uses a binary protocol allowing the user to directly invoke a PNA feature This is more efficient than SCPI a text based instrument language COM typically executes faster than SCPI and is generally easier to use With SCPI a text string is sent to the PNA the PNA SCPI parser must first decode the text string to determine that the user has asked for specific information then the parser calls the routine to get the information With either COM or SCPI the best throughput is attained by using the PNA s internal PC to execute your test code However if your test code uses too much of the system resources CPU cycles and or memory it will slow the PNA s performance For additional information refer to the PNA internal help file or
38. emoved from a secure area 1 When a new PNA is received or if this step has not yet been done copy files that begin with mxcalfiles from the hard disk drive to a floppy disk This disk should be maintained in a non secure area 2 Purchase the appropriate spare hard drive and keep it with the floppy disk Clearly mark this hard drive as Unsecured 3 Remove the secure hard drive from the PNA and keep it in the secured area 4 Remove the PNA from the secured area and install the unsecured hard drive 5 If not previously done copy the mxcalfiles from the floppy disk to the unsecured hard drive into the directory listed above Perform the following procedure when the PNA needs to be returned to the secure area Any servicing of the PNA may include the regeneration of correction constants Most of these are contained in the onboard EEPROMs so no action is necessary The only exception is with the mxcalfiles See below 1 If the PNA was sent out for servicing check to see if any of the mxcalfiles have been updated check the last modified date If so these updated files should be copied to a floppy disk so that they can be updated on the secured hard drive 2 Remove the unsecured hard drive transport the PNA to the secure area and replace the hard drive with the secure version 3 If the mxcalfiles have changed copy all new files saved to the floppy disk to the directory C Program Files Agilent Network Analyzer App
39. ency High quality low loss phase stable cables are recommended Note If the calculated power level at the mixer is insufficient to achieve the desired accuracy from the reference channel the transmit power or the reference antenna gain must be increased 1 26 dBm 85320A B 85320A B H50 20 dBm 85320A B H20 2 Refer to Table 10 in the Antenna measurement components catalog section on page 35 for mixer conversion loss Power at reference mixer Calculation of the power level at the reference mixer depends on the method used to obtain the reference signal Almost all ranges obtain the reference channel signal using a stationary reference antenna to receive a portion of the radiated transmit signal Select one of the two methods below for your configuration 1 Radiated reference signals When using a radiated reference the power at the reference mixer can be determined from the following equation G ggg Ly where Power level at the reference mixer dBm Epp Effective radiated power dBm Pp Free space loss power dissipation dB Gggr Gain of the reference antenna dBi L Cable loss between reference antenna and reference mixer dB Caution Pgy must not exceed the maximum power level of the mixer Pam Mixer conversion loss must be less than 5 dBm so as to not exceed the 1 dB compression level for the LO IF input for the 85309A 2 Coupled reference signals
40. endix 2 How to select PNA IF BW with performance comparable to 8510 Averaging on an 8510 is similar to the IF BW filtering of the PNA both are like a DSP filter The IF BW of the PNA is similar to point averaging on the 8510 Increasing the averaging factor of the 8510 reduces the noise level Each point on an 8510 receives the same weight in the averaging function The IF BW on a PNA reduces noise in the same way The 8510 uses either point or trace averaging depending on many factors including the hardware and software setup On the PNA you always want to use IF BW reduction instead of trace averaging because it is faster It is difficult to easily see how PNA IF BW and 8510 averaging are the same It is espe cially difficult to see because the 8510 dynamic range performance rolls off quicker than the PNA and the 8510 and PNA define specs differently noise floor on 8510 is specified as peak noise on it is specified as RMS noise floor The difference is 10 4 dB So you have to improve the 8510 noise floor by 10 4 dB to compare it to PNA values It is easiest to simply measure and adjust There are two steps in determining the equivalent PNA IF BW 1 Measure 8510 noise level 2 Determine Equivalent PNA IF BW Adjust PNA IF BW to match 8510 noise level 1 Measure 8510 noise level Set 8510 up for desired measurement Turn calibration off Place marker at desired point Select log mag Set center frequency marker
41. ete antenna test and antenna range solutions These partners build and install antenna measurement systems working with Agilent engineers to solve customer problems Agilent instruments such as PNA series network analyzers ENA network analyzers PSG sources and accessories are sold either directly to the end user or through the channel partners Contact your Agilent sales representative for a channel partner in your local area 2 Overview of antenna applications using the Agilent PNA network analyzer The Agilent PNA series network analyzers incorporate new technologies and features to provide better performance and capabilities for antenna and radar cross section RCS test applications High sensitivity The PNA analyzer has a mixer based architecture providing excellent sensitivity With the PNA series you have the ability to select from a minimum of 29 different IF bandwidths This allows you to optimize the sensitivity versus measurement speed tradeoff to fit particular measurement and application requirements You can maximize sensitivity with remote mixing by adding Option H11 IF Access This option allows you to use an externally generated 8 33 MHz IF and bypass the internal first down converter Option 014 can also improve sensitivity by about 15 dB by adding reference links that allow you to bypass the coupler Increased speed Extremely fast data transfer rates out of the network analyzers are accomplished using the CO
42. far field measurements configurations See Figure 4 Transmit Antenna under Transmit amplifier antenna test eu 85320A P test mixer ATN Ww LOAF 85320B ref mixer J9 TEST IF J10 REF IF LO Input J1 LO amp Fixed 8 33 MHz lt D Opt H11 2nd converter inputs SN LO out E836XB 014 UNL 080 H11 Figure 4 Far field antenna configuration utilizing internal sources from the PNA Option H11 Radar cross section measurements The PNA family provides the excellent measurement sensitivity fast frequency agility and data acquisition speeds necessary for RCS measurements Excellent measurement sensi tivity is provided by mixer based downconversion technology very fast frequency agility is achieved through the source and receiver being located in the same instrument The PNAS user selectable IF bandwidths ranging from 1 Hz to 40 kHz let you optimize the bandwidth and measurement speed tradeoff to meet a particular test requirement High power pulses are often used in RCS measurements to overcome the high losses due to low device reflection and two way transmission path loss For this reason receiver gating is often required in RCS measurements to avoid overloading the receiver during the transmission of the pulsed RF signal Figure 5 shows an example of pulse hardware gating which could easily be added to a PNA RCS c
43. formation on the products and applications you select 9 Agilent Direct www agilent com find agilentdirect Quickly choose and use your test equipment solutions with confidence 55 Agilent Open www agilent com find open Agilent Open simplifies the process of connecting and programming test systems to help engineers design validate and manufacture electronic products Agilent offers open connectivity for a broad range of system ready instruments open industry software PC standard 1 0 and global support which are combined to more easily integrate test system development www agilent com Agilent Technologies Test and Measurement Support Services and Assistance Agilent Technologies aims to maximize the value you receive while minimizing your risk and problems We strive to ensure that you get the test and measure ment capabilities you paid for and obtain the support you need Our extensive support resources and services can help you choose the right Agilent products for your applications and apply them successfully Every instrument and system we sell has a global warranty Two concepts underlie Agilent s overall support policy Our Promise and Your Advantage Our Promise Our Promise means your Agilent test and measurement equipment will meet its advertised performance and functionality When you are choosing new equipment we will help you with product information including realistic per formance specifications a
44. gnal sources from 1 7 to 20 GHz of the PNA on the rear panel This dual hybrid source eliminates the need for a separate stand alone synthesizer when remote mixing is used There is no power control over the rear panel RF and LO signals Power output ranges vary and external amplifiers may be needed to achieve the power level required by the mixers Table 2 shows the typical power levels available at the outputs By removing the necessity of an external RF source the test time is dramatically reduced This is because the frequency stepping speed is solely a function of the PNA where the settling time is in the uS range as compared to mS range of most sources Table 2 Typical values of the RF and LO outputs from the rear panel of the PNA Rear Panel LO Power Typical 1 7 GHz to 20 GHz 16 to 7 dBm Rear Panel RF Power for E8362B Typical 1 7 GHz to 20 GHz 16 to 5 dBm at 5 dBm test port power Rear Panel RF Power for E8363B E8364B Typical 1 7 GHz to 10 GHz 12 to 2 dBm at 5 dBm test port power 10 GHz to 16 GHz 8 to 0 dBm at 5 dBm test port power 16 GHz to 20 GHz 1 to 5 dBm at 5 dBm test port power 85320A Test mixer Pin 7 5 to 16 dBm Pout 19 dBm Freq Max input 1db Front Opt 014 20 MHz 10 dBm A B R1 R2 Rear Opt H11 8 33 MHz 27 dBm A B R1 R2 Option 014 inputs of PNA Attenuators required if power p exceeds 27 dBm
45. he clearing or sanitization features of Agilent instruments Instrument declassification Procedures that must be undertaken before an instrument can be removed from a secure environment such as is the case when the instrument is returned for calibration Declassification procedures will include memory sanitization and or memory removal Agilent declassification procedures are designed to meet the require ments specified by the DSS NISPOM security document DoD 5220 22M chapter 8 57 memory This section contains information on the types of memory available in your PNA It explains the size of memory how it is used its location volatility and the sanitization procedure Writable during Data retained Data Location in Memory normal when powered Purpose input instrument and Sanitization type operation Off contents method remarks procedure main memory yes no Firmware operating Operating CPU board Cycle power SDRAM memory system not user hard disk drive yes yes User files including User saved Removable from calibrations and data rear panel instrument states EEPROM No Yes Instrument Factory or 1 2 or 3 EEPROMs information such as authorized contained on serial number installed personnel most PC Boards options correction only constants 58 Memory clearing sanitization and or removal procedures This section explains how to clear sanitize and remove memory from your PNA for all memory that ca
46. ix 1 on page 57 for detailed information The following sections demonstrate how the PNA can be integrated into your near field far field RCS and millimeter wave systems Near field antenna measurements In near field applications the probe is located very close to the antenna under test AUT so sensitivity and dynamic range are not as important a performance consideration as in a far field antenna range The user selectable bandwidth feature can be used to optimize the measurement speed vs sensitivity tradeoff By selecting the widest bandwidth avail able 40 kHz the measurement speed is maximized The PNA analyzer is mixer based with fundamental mixing to 20 GHz providing a 24 dB increase in sensitivity and dynamic range over sampler based analyzers This more than makes up for the sensitivity reduc tion realized when the IF bandwidth of the PNA is opened up to its maximum to maximize measurement speed Therefore the PNA can achieve faster data acquisition speeds with increased sensitivity in near field applications over legacy configurations See Figure 2 For further measurement speed improvement the PNA L may be used The PNA L allows wider IF BW up to 250 kHz providing speed improvements but sensitivity is reduced up to 24 dB less sensitivity at the highest frequencies but only a few dB at the lowest frequencies Consult the PNA L data sheet literature number 5989 0514EN for more detailed information A Pin
47. l Sweep On This will set the source to the first frequency in the list g On the PNA select Sweep gt Trigger gt Hold and then Sweep gt Trigger gt Continuous This places the PNA at the first point in its frequency list OR press RESTART Now set the external source from Manual Sweep ON to OFF This will cause the external source to output a trigger pulse on the rear panel BNC and that pulse will cause the PNA to increment one point it the frequency list That step in frequency will cause the PNA to output one pulse on the rear panel BNC trigger out That trigger pulse will increment the external source to the next frequency in the list This process will continue through the frequency list and sweep repetitively h You should now have a trace sweeping relatively flat across the display of the PNA You can insert a step attenuator into one leg of the splitter and show its response Trigger 6B power splitter Figure 38 Configuring external source 63 Web Resources Visit our Web sites for additional product information and literature Antenna test www agilent com find antenna PNA Microwave network analyzers www agilent com find pna PNA L Microwave network analyzers www agilent com find pnal ENA Microwave network analyzers www agilent com find ena RF and microwave accessories www agilent com find accessories E Agilent Email Updates www agilent com find emailupdates Get the latest in
48. lection Figure 23 shows the time domain response of a compact antenna test range the various reflection sources are identified File View Channel Sweep Calibration Trace Scale Marker System Window Help stat 2 Fe stat SUI NCE 10 4000 ns eiving antenna 7 100 00 Ch1 Start 5 0000ns Stop 15 000 ns Figure 22 Time domain plot Configurable test set Option 014 Provides six front panel access loops Three access loops are for port one and three for port two The loops provide access to the signal path between a the source output and the reference receiver b the source output and directional coupler thru arm and c the coupled arm of the directional coupler and the port receiver This option improves instrument sensitivity for measuring low level signals by allowing the user to bypass the internal couplers and enter the test signal directly into the receiver port of the analyzer See PNA Series Microwave Data Sheet literature number 5988 7988EN for a basic block diagram Frequency offset Option 080 This option enables the PNA Series microwave network analyzers to set the source frequency independently from where the receivers are tuned This ability is useful for antenna measurements where the measurement system contains remote mixers and for RCS measurements in pulse mode IF access Option H11 Provides IF gating ha
49. lity and Option 014 Configurable test set are not available The ENA is limited to 8 5 GHz and cannot be upgraded to millimeter wave frequencies It also has no security features The ENA is the lowest cost solution For additional information and specifications refer to the EVA data sheet literature number 5988 3780EN Sources Figure 24 PSG sources When selecting a transmit source for an antenna range frequency range and output power are the primary concerns Future frequency requirements should also be consid ered Agilent offers a variety of signal generators with different frequency ranges and output power Depending on individual preference select a transmit source from Table 5 If the system is to be used for measuring antennas in a pulsed mode of operation Pulse modulation Option UNU or Narrow pulse modulation Option UNW must be ordered Select a transmit source from the following table Table 5 Sources Source Frequency range Output power 9 Fmax typical High power Option 1EA Fmax typical Analog signal generators E8257D 520 E8257D 540 E8257D 550 E8257D 567 250 kHz 20 GHz 250 kHz 40 GHz 250 kHz 50 GHz 250 kHz 67 GHz 13 dBm 9 dBm 5 dBm 5 dBm 20 dBm 23 dBm 14 dBm 17 dBm 11 dBm 14 dBm 11 dBm 14 dBm Vector signal generators E8267D 520 E8267D 532 E8267D 544 250 kHz 20 GHz 250 kHz 31 8 GHz 250 kHz 4
50. loss meter frequency 41 42 1 Mixers are operated in the 3rd harmonic mode Figure 26 85309A external mixer configurations The following diagram shows the power levels for the various mixer configurations L O LF Dist unit 85320A B Opt H20 LO out Dwn conv mixers ALC 6 3 Pmxr 16 dBm 8 to 16 dBm 0 3 3 GHz Ref chan 0 3 3 GHz Test chan 8 dB max L O 1 F Dist unit 85309A in 85320A B Dwn conv mixers LO out ALC 0to 6 dBm l Ref Po 19 dBm chan 2 18 GHz Pmxr 8 to 16 dBm 2 18 GHz Test chan 11 dB max L O LF Dist unit 4 85309A 85320A B in LO out Pin VN 0106 dBm ry Dwn conv mixers Ref o e Q 20 4 dBm chan 2 8 85 GHz Pmxr 8 to 16 dBm 6 26 5 GHz Test chan 12 4 dB max L O 1F Dist unit V a 85309A in 85320A B Opt H50 Dwn conv mixers ALC LO out Pin 0 to 6 dBm Ref 2 19 dBm chan 2 18 GHz Pmxr 12 to 17 dBm 2 18 GHz Test chan 7 dB max L O LF Dist unit ___ 85309A _ Nn LO out Pin 0 to 6 dBm 85320A B Opt H50 Dwn conv mixers ALC Po 19 dBm Pmxr 12 to 6 16 7 GHz Ref chan 17 dBm 18 50 GHz Test chan 7 dB max 85309A options Option 001 adds a second test channel provides a
51. ments For compact ranges and near field ranges the internal PNA source will typically be the best source to meet your measurement needs The internal source is faster than an external source and may lower the cost of the complete system by eliminating a source Large outdoor ranges may require an external source that can be placed at a remote transmit site Will a transmit amplifier be used Begin by making your power calculations without an amplifier If after doing the power calculations the transmit power is not high enough then add an amplifier and run the calculations again A calculator which will derive this number for you can be found at http na tm agilent com pna antenna Note must not exceed the specified compression input levels of the next components typically either the PNA or in more complex systems a mixer See the individual component specifica tions for detailed information Calculate the effective radiated power The effective radiated power Epp is the power level at the output of the transmit antenna Epp P source Ly t Lb F Gamp Where Epp Effective radiated power dBm Psource Power out of the source dBm L amp L Loss from cable s between source and antenna dB Gain of the amplifier if used dBi G Gain of transmit antenna dBi Calculate the free space loss The free space loss or power dissipation Pp of an antenna range dete
52. met If the AUT is located far from the analyzer requiring long cables then the loss caused by the cables could be significant reducing accuracy and dynamic range You may also be unable to find an analyzer that meets your sensitivity requirements In this situation downconverting the signal to an IF signal by using the 85309 LO IF distribution unit with 85320A B remote mixers brings the measurement closer to the AUT This reduces RF cable loss and maximizes accuracy and dynamic range Options H11 and 014 on the PNA network analyzers both support a remote mixing configuration Refer to Receive site configuration with external mixing to configure your system Input Receive site configuration with external mixing 85320 RF in Test mixer Pin 26 dBm Lz 85320B Pin 8to 16 dBm RF in Reference mixer Pin lt 26 dBm Ly LO in Pin 8 to 16 dBm Ls Pout 19 dBm Pout 19 dBm LO in Pin 0 to 6 dBm gt T Option H11 Amplifier L L 8 33 MHz oN external input Freq Max input Damage f 1 dB level A B R1 R2 Front Opt 014 20 MHz 10 dBm 15 dBm f 4 as Rear Opt H11 8 33 MHz 27 dBm 20 dBm iie eii A B R1 R2 RF out Ps with Option 014 amp H11 Figure 11 Receive site configuration with external mixing Select the LO Source The recommended microwave mixers use fundamental mixing from 300 MHz to 18 GHz and harmonic mixing for
53. n Lx 31 mm 1 2 in D Weight 85320A H20 85320A 85320A H50 85320B H20 85320B 85320B H50 Option H20 H50 92 mm 3 6 in W x 185 mm 7 3 in Lx 25 mm 1 0 in D 700 g 1 52 Ib 615 g 1 35 Ib 794 g 1 75 Ib 840 g 1 85 Ib 840 g 1 85 Ib 1021 g 2 25 Ib 49 50 Amplifiers 83020A 2 to 26 5 GHz 83018A 2 to 26 5 GHz 83017A 83006A 0 5 to 26 5 GHz 0 01 to 26 5 GHz 83050A 2 to 50 GHz 83051A 0 045 to 50 GHz 87415A 2 to 8 GHz Figure 32 Amplifiers Agilent Technologies Inc has a variety of amplifiers that find applications on antenna and RCS ranges These amplifiers are small and compact with high gain and output power An external power supply is required for these amplifiers Refer to Agilent s 83000A Series Microwave System Amplifiers literature number 5963 5110E for complete information on amplifiers Also refer to Agilent 87415A Technical Overview literature number 5091 1358E Agilent 87405A Data Sheet literature number 5091 3661E Table 11 Amplifier specifications Output power Output power Detector 1 RF Frequency at Poat at Gain Noise figure output dc bias Connectors Model GHz dBm mW dBm mW min dB min dB typ connector nom input output 83006A 0 01 10 265 18 64 typ to 10 GHz 13 20 20 GHz 20 13 to 0 1GHz No 12 450 3 5 mm f 16 40 typ to 20 GHz 10 10 to 26 5 GHz 8to 18 GHz 12 V 50 mA 14 25 typ to 26 5 G
54. n be written to during normal operation and for which the clearing and sanitization procedure is more than trivial such as rebooting your instrument Description and purpose Hard disk drive Memory clearing Delete user files and empty recycle bin Memory sanitization Remove hard disk drive and replace with a new or unused hard disk drive See the PNA Service Manual for details Memory removal Write protecting Remove hard disk drive N A User and remote interface security measures Screen and annotation blanking You can prevent frequency information from appearing on the PNA screen and printouts To set security levels from the PNA menu click System then Security When the security level is set to Low or High frequency information is blanked from the following Display annotation Calibration properties All tables All toolbars All printouts GPIB console When set to None or Low nothing is blanked When set to High the GPIB console is inactive Frequency information is NOT blanked from the following regardless of security level The frequency converter application Option 083 dialog box information or printouts Service programs Your COM or SCPI programs USB mass storage device security To prevent USB write capability on XPSP2 create a new registry key of HKLM System CurrentControlSet ControlNStorageDevicePolicies Then create a REG_DWORD entry in it called WriteProtect Set i
55. n necessary for the conversion Refer to Antenna measurement design considerations earlier in this document for additional guidance or contact your Agilent applications engineer for assistance Source antenna Optional J Nentifir 1 antenna 1 System bus under test 85320A E Test mixer 85320B Reference moque mixer module eid y HP IB Microwave 1 r Antenna extender 1 Software available from Agilent 1 Channel Partner 85309A LO IF unit 8360 Series synthesized sweeper To PSG Synthesized source Optional Amplifier x 5 Source i 11 Antenna ino 1 ur1ebDu LAN to computer PNA trigger out LO in to 85309 From 85309 Amplifier PNA trigger in 10 MHz reference Figure 19 85301 Far field system migration to PNA 33 34 8511 Coupler 83631B Synthesized source 8530A RCS automation software _ a o iti 3 Positioner controller Personal computer To transmit antenna RF source Figure 20 85301 RCS system migration to PNA To computer 5 Antenna measurement components catalog Microwave network analyzers J Figure 21 network analyzer PNA series network analyzers
56. namic range available With the PNA series network analyzer users can adjust their setup according to their specific needs Options available to improve sensitivity Option 014 Direct receiver access Sensitivity improvements Option H11 IF MUX access Best dynamic range when using external mixers Other tradeoffs Reducing the IF BW improves the dynamic range but reduces the speed Users must determine the optimum settings for their applications For example changing from a 1 kHz IF BW to a 100 Hz IF BW gives a 10 dB improvement in dynamic range but a 10 times reduction in speed PNA interface requirements When configuring the PNA it is critical that power levels are considered to avoid damag ing the PNA Ideally power should not exceed the 0 1 dB compression levels indicated in the figures below Damage levels are printed on the instrument as shown in Figure 12 PORTI ARM AIN A 30dBm SOURCE CPLR THRU mmm A 20dBm AN 30 dBm REFERENCE 1 SOURCE RCVR OUT R1IN A 20dBm A 15dBm 0 1 dB compression level 14 dBm typical 50 GHz Figure 12 Front panel connectors REFERENCE 2 A 30dBm SOURCE OUT A 20dBm SOURCE OUT A 20dBm 23 24 Triggering remote access BNC connectors Edge triggering pos neg Trigger in out Remote access with SCPI Available on PNA models E8361A E836xB and N5230A
57. nd practical recommendations from experienced test engineers When you receive your new Agilent equipment we can help verify that it works properly and help with initial product operation Your Advantage Your Advantage means that Agilent offers a wide range of additional expert test and measurement services which you can purchase according to your unique technical and business needs Solve problems efficiently and gain a competitive edge by contracting with us for calibration extra cost upgrades out of warranty repairs and onsite education and training as well as design system integration project management and other professional engineering services Experienced Agilent engineers and technicians worldwide can help you maximize your produc tivity optimize the return on investment of your Agilent instruments and systems and obtain dependable measurement accuracy for the life of those products United States Korea tel 800 829 4444 tel 080 769 0800 fax 800 829 4433 fax 080 769 0900 Canada Latin America tel 877 894 4414 tel 305 269 7500 fax 800 746 4866 Taiwan China tel 0800 047 866 tel 800 810 0189 fax 0800 286 331 fax 800 820 2816 Other Asia Pacific Europe Countries tel 31 20 547 2111 tel 65 6375 8100 Japan fax 65 6755 0042 tel 81 426 56 7832 Email tm_ap agilent com fax 81 426 56 7840 Contacts revised 09 26 05 For more information on Agilent Technologies product
58. ns section on page 12 for interface requirements Table 3 Cross reference for 8510 8530 based antenna systems migrating to PNA network analyzer based systems System Components Description Recommended PNA solution Description 8510C Network analyzer Determined by test set 8510C 008 Network analyzer with pulse capability Determined by test set 8514B 45 MHz 20 GHz test set E8362B 10 MHz 20 GHz 8515A 45 MHz 26 5 GHz test set E8363B 10 MHz 40 GHz 8517B 45 MHz 50 GHz test set E8364B 10 MHz 50 GHz 85110A Pulsed 2 20 GHz test set E8362B with Options H11 10 MHz 20 GHz with IF access and H08 014 080 081 UNL pulsed RF measurement capability 85110L Pulsed 45 MHz 2 GHz test set E8362B with Option H11 H08 10 MHz 20 GHz with IF access and 014 080 081 UNL pulsed RF measurement capability 8530A Microwave receiver Determined by test set 8511A 45 MHz 26 5 GHz frequency converter E8363B with Option 014 10 MHz 40 GHz with configurable test set 8511B 45 MHz 50 GHz frequency converter E8364B with Option 014 10 MHz 50 GHz with configurable test set 85105A mmWave test set controller N5260A mmWave test set and external hardware 085104A 33 50 GHz test set module E8364B or OML head 10 MHz 50 GHz U85104A 40 60 GHz test set module E8361A or OML head 10 MHz 67 GHz V85104A 50 75 GHz test set module N5250A or OML head 10 MHz 110 GHz
59. od impedance match which is key to achieving accurate measurements The switches are small in size and weather resistant Figure 34 shows a typical configuration with the PIN switches connected to the source antenna and AUT Source Antenna antenna under test Customer supplied PIN switch control unit control unit PIN switch From transmit source Figure 34 A typical multiple channel multiple frequency system configuration Application flexibility Far field antenna measurements These products are ideally suited for antennas with multiple test ports or applications that require measuring the co and cross polarization response One PIN switch can switch transmit polarization and a second PIN switch can switch between the separate test ports of the antenna With this technique the co and cross polarization response of each test port can be measured in one rotation of the antenna Near field antenna measurements For near field applications both the co and cross polarized response of an antenna can be measured at multiple frequencies in a single scan across the antenna For the dual polarized response a PIN switch can be used to rapidly switch between the two probe polarizations Radar cross section measurements For Radar cross section RCS applications the ability to rapidly switch transmit and receive polarization allows full polarimetric RCS measurements to be made quickly and easily
60. onfiguration for those applications requiring pulse hardware gating Chamber Figure 5 Typical RCS measurement configuration using a PNA with Option 014 and pulse hardware gating Several additional features of the PNA are particularly useful in RCS configurations Having the source and receiver integrated into the same instrument with a choice of frequency ranges is very cost effective in RCS applications 16 001 data points are available per measurement trace This provides extremely long alias free down range resolution for RCS measurements Customers needing a much larger number of data points can use the PNA s 32 channels and effectively stitch each 16 001 trace together to create a trace with up to 512 032 data points The PNA has a removable hard drive to comply with data security requirements For detailed security information refer to Appendix 1 on page 57 1 PNA microwave E836X network analyzers A 04 00 firmware release or later Banded millimeter wave measurements With firmware version A 04 00 or later the PNA microwave E836x network analyzers are capable of supporting banded millimeter wave modules extending the frequency range of your network analyzer up to 325 GHz Additionally you can customize the most cost effective solution specific for your application by purchasing just the module and frequency range you need Figure 6 shows a typical millimeter wave configuration Agilent MW PNA with H11
61. onnector outer ring are used for reference To turn ON a port supply a 7VDC 0 35V bias voltage Current is approximately 41 mA To turn OFF a port supply a 6 3VDC 0 32V bias voltage Current is approximately 95 mA Only one port can be turned on at a time or all ports can be off The total current is approximately 400 mA for 85332B 200 mA for 85331B with all ports off Pin 7 Pin 1 Pin 6 OV O Pin 2 5 3 4 Figure 37 Bias connector pin locations enlarged Pin 1 Port 1 on off bias Pin 2 Port 2 on off bias Pin 3 Port 3 on off bias not connected for 85331B Pin 4 Port 4 on off bias not connected for 85331B Pin 5 Common ground 0VDC Pins 6 7 Not Connected Size and weight 65 mm 2 6 in x 70 mm 2 75 in x 70 mm 2 75 in Approximately 0 35 kg 0 7 Ibs Environmental Operating conditions Temperature 20 to 55 C 4 to 131 F Humidity 5 to 95 at 40 C or less non condensing Non operating conditions Temperature 40 to 70 C 40 to 158 F Humidity 5 to 9596 at 65 C or less non condensing Power Supplied by external controller 55 56 Measurement automation Agilent s PNA network analyzers provide several interface methods for automating antenna measurements Applications can be run using external computers or controllers User loaded applications can be executed directly from the PNA s internal Microsoft Operating Syst
62. r crossing for the PNA and 2 ms for the PNA L However the number of band crosses increases when in frequency offset mode In that mode band crossings of source and receiver may not coincide Exact band cross ing locations can be found in the Microwave PNA Service Manual on Table 5 2 Retrace takes 10 15 mSec with the display on or 5 8 mSec with the display off Retrace will take the system back to the start frequency of the previous sweep 21 22 Example measurement time for network analyzer PNA with 201 points 1 GHz span and 10 kHz BW sweep First determine if most PNA points are in step or swept mode If BW lt 1kHz or time point gt 1mS all points will be stepped otherwise it will be swept In addition source power cal power sweep and frequency offset mode all force step mode Data taking time point 1 BW 1 10 kHz 100 uSec Since this is faster than 1 mS the PNA is probably in swept mode So 201 points 9 100 uS point is 20 1 mS Next check the sweep rate limit A 1 GHz span at 600 MHz mSec 1 7 mS So the sweep speed is dominated by time point data taking not sweep rate Therefore data taking 20 1 mS Pre sweep time 222 uS Band crossings None Retrace time 10 to 15 mS Total measurement time 20 1 mS 222 uS 10 to 15 mS 30 to 35 mS NOMINAL Optimizing speed and dynamic range Some applications require the fastest speed a system can provide others are concerned with the best dy
63. r in the reference IF channel is designed to pass frequencies below 20 MHz This allows the proper IF signal to be passed for both PNA Option 014 and PNA Option H11 Specifications Nominal channel performance Table 7 85309A specifications Characteristics Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Conditions Frequency range 0 3 18 GHz Power output LO Ports 192 dBm Output power channel tracking 2 dB LO Input return loss 9 dB LO Output return loss 7 dB IF channel small signal gain 21 25 dB 20 MHz 35 dBm input 1 Maximum measurement frequency is dependent on the mixers selected Mixer selection allows for measurements to 50 GHz however fundamental mixing is limited to 18 GHz 2 See Figure 26 for mixer specific power levels Absolute maximum ratings LO input power CW 23 dBm Ref chan IF input power CW 13 dBm Ref channel detector input 20 VDC Pos Z blanking input 10 VDC Storage temperature 40 to 75 C Operating temperature 0 to 55 C Remote mixer distances Mixers require a certain LO drive power level the output power of the 85309A LO IF distribution unit and the RF loss of the cables will determine the maximum allowable cable lengths Maximum cable lengths can be calculated using the following equations Cable source to 85309A length meters source 85309 loss meter frequency Cable 85309A to mixers length meters Pour 85309A Pjymixer cable
64. r signal All others are ignored When this checkbox is cleared any trigger signal received before the PNA is armed is ignored When Enable Output is checked the PNA is enabled to send trigger signals out the rear panel 1 0 TRIG OUT BNC connector Position Before or After determines if the trigger pulse output is sent either BEFORE or AFTER a receiver measurement For additional information on setting up an external source with the PNA refer to Appendix 3 on page 62 29 30 Forward gt Forward Near field data collection Frequency multiplexing during a data scan acquisition can result in a misalignment of the rectangular near field grid between forward and reverse data scan directions This introduces an error into the measured near field data set which results in a far field pattern One way to eliminate this error is to always collect data measurements in the same scan direction but this would double the data scan acquisition time Another approach is to scan frequencies in reverse order on reverse scans Using this reverse sweep in conjunction with correct triggering between forward and reverse passes insures that each frequency set is spatially aligned on the rectangular near field grid This technique requires an RF source that supports reverse frequency list mode of operation The PNA network analyzer includes reverse sweep and edge triggering capability specifically designed for antenna measurements
65. rdware and hardware to enable antenna and broadband millimeter wave measurements to 110 GHz For each of the PNA s measurement receivers IF gates enabled with pulsed measurement capability Option H08 and external IF inputs are added In addition access to the PNA s internal RF and LO source is provided for remote mixing applications Option H11 is useful for antenna measurements with external mixers Use external IF access for up to 20 dB more sensitivity when making antenna measurements with a remote mixer configuration Pulsed antenna applications also require the Pulse measurement capability Option H08 Broadband measurements to 110 GHz require an N5260A millimeter wave test set controller and test heads Option H11 requires Options 014 080 081 and UNL Pulse measurements Option H08 The receiver has optional Pulse measurement capability Option H08 This option provides software to set up and control pulsed RF measurements with point in pulse and pulse profile capability Agilent has developed a novel way of achieving narrowband detection using wider IF bandwidths than normal by using a unique spectral nulling technique that lets the user trade dynamic range for speed with the result almost always yielding faster meas urements than those obtained by conventional filtering The advantage to narrowband detection is that there is no lower pulse width limit since no matter how broad the pulse spectrum is most of it is filter
66. rmines the difference in power levels between the output of the transmit antenna and the output of an isotropic dBi antenna located at the receive site This free space loss is due to the dispersive nature of a transmitting antenna A transmitting antenna radiates a spherical wavefront only a portion of this spherical wavefront is captured by the receiving antenna For a free space far field range this range transfer function is easily determined as follows Pp 32 45 20 log 20 log F where Free space loss power dissipation dB R Range length meters F Test frequency GHz This equation does not account for atmospheric attenuation which can be a significant factor in certain millimeter wave frequency ranges Compact antenna test ranges CATRs achieve greater transfer efficiency by collimating or focusing the transmitted power using one or more shaped reflectors Transfer func tions for most CATRs are available from the manufacturer s data sheet or on request If the transfer function is unavailable use the free space loss as a worst case estimate Calculate your range transfer function for the minimum and maximum test frequencies Calculate the maximum power level at the output of the AUT The test channel received power level must be calculated to determine the approximate maximum power level present at the output of the antenna under test AUT The required measurement sensitivity is determined from the
67. rs X cable loss dB meter P 85309A where Power out of the LO source dBm Pin Required power into 85309A 0 to 6 dBm Select a source that meets your individual preferences and needs Higher output power sources or an amplifier must be used if P is insufficient Reference signal level The reference mixer provides a phase reference for the measurement and a reference signal for a ratioed measurement test reference to ratio out any variations in signal levels from the system If you select RF and LO sources that are synthesized or use the internal source of the PNA then phase locking the receiver is not required The only requirement for the reference channel is that the signal level be high enough to achieve the desired accuracy for the measurement Figure 9 shows the magnitude and phase errors as a function of signal to noise ratio this also applies to errors contributed by the reference channel For most applications it is desirable to maintain a 50 to 60 dB signal to noise ratio Determine Cable Length from 85309A unit to mixers Mixers require a certain LO drive power level the output power of the 85309A LO IF distribution unit and the RF loss of the cables will determine the maximum allowable cable lengths To assure you have enough power at your mixers use the following equation to calculate the maximum cable length allowed for your setup Cable length meters Pout 85309A Pin mixer cable loss meter frequ
68. s applications or services please contact your local Agilent office The complete list is available at www agilent com find contactus Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice Agilent Technologies Inc 2005 Printed in USA December 20 2005 5968 6759E Agilent Technologies
69. t to 1 and you ll be able to read from USB drives but not write to them Remote access interfaces The user is responsible for providing security for the 1 0 ports that allow remote access by controlling physical access to the 1 0 ports The 1 0 ports must be controlled because they provide access to all user settings user states and the display image The 1 0 ports include RS 232 GPIB and LAN The LAN port provides the following services common to all Windows based computers which can be selectively disabled http ftp sockets telnet There is also a ping service which cannot be selectively disabled This makes it possible to discover IP addresses of connected instruments and allows you to query their setups over the internet but it can also be used to break into the code 59 Note Agilent maintains a security page for all instru ments at www agilent com find security Visit this site for current information on security issues 60 Procedure for declassifying a faulty instrument When shipped from the factory all PNAs have PNA specific files stored on the hard disk drive When replacing a hard disk drive in order to achieve specified performance the PNA specific files must be copied to the new hard drive These files all begin with mxcalfiles and are located in the directory C Program Files Agilent Network Analyzer Perform the following procedure to declassify a PNA if it needs to be r
70. test channel received power level the required dynamic range and the required measurement accuracy The maximum test channel received power level will occur when the AUT is boresighted relative to the transmit antenna Paur Pp Gaur where Test channel received power level at output of AUT dBm Epp Effective radiated power dBm Pp Free space loss dB at the maximum test frequency Gaur Expected maximum gain of AUT dBi 13 Dynamic range The dynamic range required to test the AUT is the difference in decibels between maximum boresite level and minimum AUT level that must be measured Examples of these include side lobe level null depth and cross polarization levels Measurement accuracy signal to noise ratio Measurement accuracy is affected by the measurement sensitivity of the system The signal to noise ratio will directly impact the measurement accuracy of the system for both amplitude and phase measurements Figure 9 illustrates the relationship between signal to noise ratio and magnitude and phase errors Measurement error due to noise worst case errors SO lt Magnitude error dB Phase error deg Signal to noise ratio dB Figure 9 Measurement accuracy as a function of signal to noise ratio Determine your signal to noise ratio based on the magnitude and phase errors you can accept Note This equation assumes the simplest antenna system with no remote mi
71. those needs They will design the RF subsystem the positioning subsystem the measurement application software and provide system installation and training This selection guide is meant as an aid for those with extensive antenna test experience Refer to the Agilent website www agilent com find antenna for access to technical papers and current antenna test equipment information Use this guide to Understand how Agilent instruments can be integrated into your configuration Learn about interface requirements between components Understand issues related to selecting the equipment required to make antenna measurements Learn how to migrate from the 8510 network analyzer or 8530 microwave receiver to the PNA series network analyzer Main parts of an antenna range A typical antenna range measurement system can be divided into two separate parts the transmit site and the receive site see Figure 1 The transmit site consists of the microwave transmit source amplifiers optional the transmit antenna and the commu nications link to the receive site The receive site consists of the antenna under test AUT a reference antenna receiver LO source RF downconverter positioner system software and a computer j 8 Transmit site Receive site Figure 1 Simplified far field antenna range Channel Partners Agilent works with channel partners who develop compl
72. xer modules are broadband with various operating frequencies which are designated by option number The 85320A B H20 are low frequency modules that operate from 300 MHz to 3 GHz in fundamental mixing mode The 85320A B operate in fundamental mixing mode from 1 to 18 GHz and third harmonic mixing can be used for the frequency range of 6 to 26 5 GHz The 85320A B H50 operates in fundamental mixing mode from 2 to 18 GHz and in third harmonic mode from 18 to 50 GHz Fundamental mixing mode provides the lowest conversion loss and best sensitivity 85320A test mixers The 85320A 85320A H20 and 85320A H50 contain a diplexer that combines the LO input and IF output onto a single coaxial connector which is useful for systems using a rotary joint RF input 3 dB attenuator Connector type varies with option number Diplexer Type N connector LO input IF output Figure 30 85320A test mixer 85320B reference mixers The 85320B 85320B H20 85320B H50 contain a leveling coupler detector that provides a leveling signal to the 85309A LO IF distribution unit ensuring leveled LO drive power to the mixer 3 dB attenuator RF input Connector type varies with option number Type N female connector Figure 31 85320B reference mixer 47 48 Specifications Frequency range 85320A B H20 85320A B 85320A H50 85320A H50 Fundamental mixing mode Maximum input levels Maximum DC voltage at input Maximum
73. xing See Figure 10 Sensitivity The PNA should be located as closely as possible to the test antenna to minimize the RF cable lengths The measurement sensitivity of the PNA must be degraded by the insertion loss of the RF cable s to determine the system measurement sensitivity needed Now determine the sensitivity required of the PNA Sensitivity Payr DR S N L where Power at the output of the AUT dBm DR Required dynamic range dB S N Signal to noise ratio determined above dB L Cable Loss dB from AUT to input Reference Hi Receiver 1 Receiver 2 Figure 10 Receive site configuration without external mixing 15 Choosing a network analyzer The frequency and sensitivity requirements of your antenna system will determine the network analyzer specifications Agilent offers three families of network analyzers the PNA series the PNA L series and the ENA series Agilent has developed options for the PNA series specifically for antenna measurements Because of these options the PNA series is often the preferred analyzer for antenna solutions However there are applications which do not require these options and the lower cost PNA L series or ENA series analyzers may be the right solution For secure environments a PNA or PNA L series analyzer must be used Select an analyzer from the following table that meets your frequency and sensitivity requirements Table 1 Agilent network analy
74. ypical Caution These values must not exceed the maximum input power level 0 1 dB compression level of the receiver 27 dBm for Option H11 or 14 dBm for Option 014 Reduce the power level of the RF source if necessary or add attenuators prior to the mixers or the analyzer inputs Sensitivity Now determine the sensitivity required of the PNA network analyzer Sensitivity Page DR S N Where DR Required dynamic range S N Signal to noise ratio calculated previously With this sensitivity number select an analyzer from Table 1 that meets your measurement needs Upgrade note In general the PNA will provide significant speed improvements over the 8510 or 8530 analyzers However some measurement setups will require additional external component speed improvements in order to fully capture the PNA speed benefits Determining measurement speed Table 1 shows the measurement speed for data taking only of the analyzer The actual measurement speed also includes frequency stepping time settling time bandcrossing time retrace time and handshake time if two PNAs are used If external sources are used the measurement speed is often determined by the remote source which is usually the slowest resource in the system A measurement times in this section are nominal values 1 Measure the speed Calculating the measurement speed of your antenna test system is not straightforward Two methods can be used to determin
75. zer typical values Frequency Sensitivity at direct Model stepping speed receiver input with option std 10 MHz pt at Sensitivity at test 1 kHz IF BW configurable Frequency max IF BW with port with 1 kHz w Opt 014 for Power out Family test set range no band crossings IF BW 9 Fmax PNA Fmax Fmax ENA E5070B 300 kHz to 3 GHz m 92 dBm 10 dBm 5071 300 kHz to 8 5 GHz lt 80 dBm EE 5 dBm PNA L N5230A 300 kHz to 6 GHz 160 us lt 99 dBm lt 108 dBm 10 dBm Opt 020 025 N5230A 300 kHz to 13 5 GHz 160us lt 94 dBm lt 108 dBm 2 dBm Opt 120 125 N5230A 10 MHz to 20 GHz 160 us lt 85 dBm lt 97 dBm 10 dBm Opt 220 225 N5230A 10 MHz to 40 GHz 160 us lt 75 dBm 86 dBm 5 dBm Opt 420 425 N5230A 10 MHz to 50 GHz 160 us lt 70 dBm lt 78 dBm 9 dBm Opt 520 525 PNA E8362B 10 MHz to 20 GHz 278 us 100 dBm 114 dBm 3 dBm E8363B 10 MHz to 40 GHz 278 us lt 94 dBm 105 dBm 4 dBm E8364B 10 MHz to 50 GHz 278 us lt 94 dBm 103 dBm 10 dBm E8361A 10 MHz to 67 GHz 278 us lt 79 dBm lt 88 dBm 5 dBm Note Option H11 sensitivity is typically 127 dBm Data not available Option not available Refer to the ENA data sheet literature number 5988 3780EN or the PNA and PNA L data sheets literature numbers 5988 7988EN and 5989 0514EN for more detailed information What to do if the sensitivity requirement cannot be

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