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Site Planning Guide For Entry-Level Servers, Version 1.4

1. Other Resources This manual is not intended as a comprehensive guide to facility design Customers planning to construct a new data center should read the Sun Microsystems Data Center Site Planning Guide before reading this manual Some of the material in this manual is summarized from the Sun Microsystems Data Center Site Planning Guide Another resource for data center design is Enterprise Data Center Design and Methodology by Rob Snevely This is a Sun BluePrints book published by Sun Microsystems Press a Prentice Hall title You can find information about this book and other BluePrints books at http www sun com books blueprints series html xi How This Book Is Organized Chapter 1 describes a source for industry guidelines for site planning site planning assistance that is available from Sun site planning considerations designing for system configurations data center location and planning the route to the data center Chapter 2 explains environmental requirements of the data center including temperature humidity acclimitization cooling and aisle airflow vibration and shock contaminants and fire containment Chapter 3 gives information about rackmounting the servers how to locate cabinets in the data center and details about Sun cabinets Chapter 4 discusses power and cooling issues relating to the servers including power sources power constraints power supplies and heat output and cooling requiremen
2. Keep in mind that flexibility redundancy and expandability of the site can extend the life of the working environment 4 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 System Configurations The first step in the installation process is to determine the hardware configuration for each server you plan to install You can obtain advice about your system configuration from your Sun account manager or Sun authorized sales representative You can obtain system documentation before receiving your system by downloading product information and manuals from the Web See Accessing Sun Documentation on page xii Alternatively you can consult the documentation provided with your systems for information about supported configurations In some facilities there will be many different configurations of the same server model in others multiple configurations of different server models Each server should be accounted for separately because each server requires a specific amount of power and a specific amount of cooling Future server upgrades and other modifications will be easier if you keep a written record of each server s configuration Planning for Maximum System Configurations It may be prudent to plan your facility using data for maximally configured systems There are several ways in which maximum system configuration data is useful Facility managers can use this data to quickly calculate the most demandin
3. System Power and Cooling Requirements 33 Power Requirements 33 Power Sources 34 UPS and Backup Generator 34 Grounding 34 Emergency Power Control 35 Power Constraints 35 Power Supplies 36 PCI Bus Power 37 Heat Output and Cooling 37 Chassis Airflow 38 Units of Measurement 38 Determining Heat Output and Cooling 39 Using Rack Location Units to Determine Heat Output and Cooling 39 System Specifications 41 Shipping Crate Specifications 41 Physical Specifications 42 Base System Configurations 43 Electrical Specifications 44 Environmental Specifications 45 Rackmounting Specifications 47 Sun Cabinet Physical Specifications 48 Site Planning Checklist 51 Contents v vi Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 GURE 3 1 GURE 3 2 GURE 3 3 GURE 3 4 GURE 3 5 Figures Systems Mounted in a Cabinet and Rack 20 Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Layout 22 Seven Tile Aisle Pitch 23 Measuring Cabinet Rack and Server Depths 26 EIA 310D Compliant Cabinet and Rack 28 vii viii Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 TABLE 5 1 TABLE 5 2 TABLE 5 3 TABLE 5 4 TABLE 5 5 TABLE 5 6 TABLE 5 7 TABLE 5 8 TABLE 5 9 TABLE 5 10 TABLE 5 11 TABLE 5 12 TABLE 5 13 TABLE 5 14 TABLE 6 1 Tables Shipping Crate Specifications for Sun Systems 41 Physical Specifications for Sun Systems 42 Base Configurations for Sun Systems 43 Electrical
4. plus the weight of the server the rack and any other nearby equipment Before attempting to install a server into a rack fully extend the anti tip legs or bolt the cabinet to the floor Two persons are needed to install these servers into a rack Sun Enterprise 250 a Sun Fire 280R a Sun Fire V480 a Sun Fire V440 Chapter 3 Rackmounting the Systems 31 Four persons or a suitable lift are needed to install these servers into a rack Sun Fire V880 server Sun Fire V890 server m Remove some of the components of the larger servers to make the lift easier m Install the heaviest servers and storage devices in the lowest position in the rack m Install the remaining servers from the lowest system upward into the rack 32 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 CHAPTER 4 System Power and Cooling Requirements This chapter provides information about important power issues relating to your servers Your server documentation provides more detailed power information The design of your electrical power system must ensure that adequate high quality power is provided to each server and all peripherals at all times Power system failures can result in system shutdown and possible loss of data Further computer equipment that is subject to repeated power interruptions or fluctuations experiences a higher component failure rate than equipment that has a stable power source Power Require
5. power system to avoid a ground differential between various grounds Grounding design in the United States should comply with Article 250 of the U S National Electrical Code unless superseded by local codes Use an antistatic wrist strap when working inside the chassis Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 All properly installed Sun systems are grounded through the power cable However there are reasons for installing an additional mechanism to equalize potential Problematic or deficient conduits can negatively affect another system especially with respect to the possibility of spreading voltages Additional grounding points help to avoid leakage current which prevent system malfunctions Therefore additional cables might be used to connect Sun systems and cabinets to the data center s potential equalization rail Enlist the aid of a qualified electrician to install grounding cables Emergency Power Control A primary power switch that can disconnect all electronic equipment in the data center is specified by NFPA 70 and NFPA 75 National Fire Protection Association specifications at each point of entry to the data center The primary switch should disconnect power to all computer systems and related electronic equipment HVAC equipment UPS and batteries Multiple disconnects for separate parts of the power systems are also acceptable but in both cases the switches must be unobstructed and clearly m
6. F 21 to 23 C 21 to 23 C Relative Humidity RH Noncondensing Allowable Recommended Altitude 20 to 80 27 C max wet bulb 45 to 50 0 to 10 000 ft 0 to 3000 m 20 to 80 27 C max wet bulb 45 to 50 0 to 10 000 ft 0 to 3000 m 1 The front and back doors of the cabinet must be at least 63 open for adequate airflow TABLE 5 6 Acoustic Specifications for Sun Systems in Operation Acoustics Rating 250 6 5 bels 280R 6 9 bels V480 6 7 bels V880 6 7 bels V440 6 2 bels V890 6 7 bels Chapter 5 System Specifications 45 TABLE 5 7 Vibration Specifications for Sun Systems in Operation Maximum Vibration Rating 250 0 2 g peak swept sine 0 0002 g2 Hz random vertical axis only castered configuration vertical and horizontal axis foot glide configuration 280R 0 0002 g Hz random flat from Z axis only V480 0 0001 g Hz random flat from Z axis only V880 Deskside 0 0002 g Hz random Rackmounted 0 00015 g Hz random V440 0 0001 g Hz random V890 Deskside 0 0002 g Hz random Rackmounted 0 00015 g Hz random 1 Measured at 5 to 500 Hz for swept sine TABLE 5 8 Shock Specifications for Sun Systems in Operation Maximum Shock Rating 250 4 g peak 280R 3 g peak V480 3 g peak V880 Deskside 4 g peak Rackmounted 3 g peak V440 3 g peak V890 Deskside 4 g peak Rackmounted 3 g peak 1 Measured at 11 milliseconds half sine pulse 46 Site Plan
7. Specifications for Sun Systems 44 Environmental Specifications for Sun Systems in Operation 45 Acoustic Specifications for Sun Systems in Operation 45 Vibration Specifications for Sun Systems in Operation 46 Shock Specifications for Sun Systems in Operation 46 Rack Units Required by Sun Systems 47 Typical Rack and Cabinet Depths Used by Sun Systems 47 Physical Specifications for Crated Cabinets 48 Physical Specifications for Cabinets in Operation 48 Cabinet Power Sequencer Specifications 49 Clearance Specifications for Servicing the Rackmounted Sun Systems 49 Site Planning Checklist 51 x Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Preface This guide is designed to assist Sun Microsystems customers who have purchased Sun entry level servers and who seek information about the proper way to house the servers in a data center It provides information about the servers environmental requirements power consumption cooling requirements electrical specifications and space requirements after the servers are mounted in Electronics Industries Association EIA compliant cabinets or racks The Sun entry level servers covered in this guide are Sun Enterprise 250 Sun Fire 280R Sun Fire V480 Sun Fire V880 Sun Fire V440 Sun Fire V890 The material in this guide is correct as of the date of publication For the most up to date information refer to the Sun Microsystems web site for your product
8. air may be at a safe and steady temperature at one location the temperature of the air entering each server is critical Problems sometimes arise for these reasons m One server is positioned so that its hot exhaust air is directed into the intake air of another server thus preheating the intake air of the second server m Servers are sometimes mounted in cabinets that restrict airflow excessively This might occur because the cabinets have solid front or rear doors inadequate plenums or they might have cooling fans that work against the fans in the servers themselves m A server might be mounted in a cabinet above a device that generates a great amount of heat All of the servers described in this guide draw in ambient air for cooling from the front and discharge heated exhaust air to the rear The servers require that the front and back cabinet doors to be at least 63 open for adequate airflow This can be accomplished by removing the doors or by ensuring that the doors have a perforated pattern that provides at least 63 open area In addition maintain a minimum of 1 5 inch 3 8 cm clearance between the systems and front and back doors of a cabinet The servers are equipped with fans that route cool air throughout the chassis As long as the necessary air conditioning is provided in the data center to dissipate the heat load and sufficient space and door openings are provided at the front and back of the servers the fans will enabl
9. cm In most cases the rack depth is 4 to 6 inches 10 6 to 15 25 cm less than the external cabinet depth To measure the rack depth measure the horizontal distance from the forward most part of the front rail to the rear most point of the rear rail TABLE 5 10 provides the depths of the servers the rackmounting depth ranges for the servers when using Sun rackmounting equipment and the recommended cabinet depths Cabinet manufacturers typically recommend 34 inch 86 36 cm or greater cabinets for use with servers that have an average depth of 28 inches 71 12 cm and 39 inch 99 06 cm or greater cabinets for use with servers that have an average depth of 33 inches 83 82 cm The approximate 6 inch 15 24 cm space at the back between the server and back cabinet door allows for cable management airflow and service access Rack widths are specified in the EIA 310D standard by the full front panel width that the rack can accommodate Available widths include 19 inches 48 26 cm 23 inches 58 42 cm 24 inches 60 96 cm and 30 inches 76 2 cm All servers covered by this guide are designed for mounting in 19 inch 48 26 cm wide racks that comply with the EIA 310D standard However you can rackmount some of the servers in racks of other widths using adapter hardware Contact your Sun account manager or Sun authorized sales representative for further information FIGURE 3 4 illustrates the proper way to measure cabinet rack and server
10. depths Chapter 3 Rackmounting the Systems 25 Ie Cabinet depth Server _ _ B _ gt Slide bracket 124 yors 1894 Front of cabinet Front rack rail jouiqes jo easy Rack depth i i A Depth of the server in front of the front rack rail B Depth of server from the forward most part of the front rack rail to the rear most part of the server C Total depth of server FIGURE 3 4 Measuring Cabinet Rack and Server Depths 26 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Rack Units Be certain that there is sufficient vertical mounting height for the servers and other equipment you plan to mount in the rack The vertical mounting space in EIA 310D compliant racks is defined in modular units U Common industry nomenclature also uses the term rack units U or RU One rack unit is equal to 1 75 inches 4 45 cm The rack rail holes on a standard rack are arranged in sets of three holes spaced vertically 5 8 5 8 and 1 2 of an inch apart The number and type of systems you can mount in a rack is determined by the number of rack units the systems require as well as the amount of power available to the systems FIGURE 3 5 shows some of the features the dimensions and rack unit spacing of an EIA 310D compliant cabinet and rack TABLE 5 9 gives the number of rack units that each sy
11. exclusively licensed through X Open Company Ltd Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun logo AnswerBook2 docs sun com Sun BluePrints Sun Fire Sun Enterprise and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the U S and in other countries All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International Inc in the U S and in other countries Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems Inc The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc for its users and licensees Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry Sun holds a non exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface which license also covers Sun s licensees viho implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun s written license agreements U S Government Rights Commercial use Government users are subject to the Sun Microsystems Inc standard license agreement and applicable provisions of the FAR and its supplements DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS
12. from the rack You should also keep at least a 3 foot clearance at the rear of the cabinet or rack to allow for service and maintenance There are no side clearance requirements for the cabinets or racks due to the front to back airflow of the servers If cabinets are located closely side by side leave a minimum 1 5 feet 0 46 m space between every five cabinets for access to the rear of the cabinets or to another aisle If the cabinets have side panels and you believe that at some time you might need to remove them then position the cabinets with at least 2 feet 0 6 m of space on either side Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Determining Aisle Pitch Aisle spacing is determined when you establish the aisle pitch for the cabinet locations Aisle pitch is the distance from the center of one cold aisle to the center of the next cold aisle either to the left or right Data centers often use a seven tile aisle pitch This measurement allows two 2 x 2 foot 0 61 x 0 61 m floor tiles in the cold aisle 3 feet 0 9 m in the hot aisle and a 42 inch 1 m allowance for the depth of the cabinet or rack FIGURE 3 3 illustrates a seven tile aisle pitch If you use floor tiles other than 2 x 2 feet 0 61 x 0 61 m you will need to determine a different aisle pitch from this generally accepted design For larger cabinets or cabinets with high power servers you may need to use an eight tile pitch to facilitate air
13. gives a summary of Sun data center best practices Environmental Assessment Services Provides a comprehensive evaluation of your data center environment Unlike the Environmental System Inspection Services which target specific Sun systems the Environmental Assessment Services encompasses all systems regardless of manufacturer and the entire data Chapter1 Site Preparation 3 center By conducting detailed tests making field observations and interviewing site personnel environmental experts focus on conditions that can impact the reliability of your systems either by determining sources of existing problems or identifying potential susceptibilities before they impact hardware operations An onsite environmental assessment measures and analyzes temperature humidity cleanliness environmental monitoring and control equipment hardware placement and configuration contaminants and equipment grounding The results are compiled in a report that includes detailed recommendations for an improved data center environment and system performance m Environmental Monitoring and Remediation Services Further environmental services might be recommended as a result of findings in your Assessment Services Based on your needs you can choose from a full complement of monitoring and remediation services to help eliminate existing and potential threats to system reliability and uptime For more information about Sun Environmental Services go to
14. guide consist of four vertical mounting rails The servers are attached to mounting hardware and the mounting hardware is secured to the rack s front and back vertical rails FIGURE 3 1 shows Sun servers mounted in a cabinet and rack 19 Air vents Top panel gt Side panels removable Front door Rack rails Door lock Te Cabinet Server Slide bracket Anti tip legs FIGURE 3 1 Systems Mounted in a Cabinet and Rack 20 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Cabinet Location There are several matters to consider when planning the location of rackmounted systems in a data center Service access to the rackmounted systems is usually from the front and cable management from the rear For future planning consider whether the location and space provisions for your equipment provide a reasonable amount of room for expansion When planning the floor space utilization of your facility be aware that a typical cabinet occupies 12 square feet 1 115 sq m of floor space which corresponds to three tiles each tile measuring 2 x 2 feet 0 61 x 0 61 m When room for aisles power distribution equipment air conditioners and other equipment is included floor space u
15. specifications Accurate and comprehensive monitoring of environmental support equipment and in room conditions is extremely important in a sensitive data center environment The monitoring system should have historical trend capabilities Analyzing historical trend information is instrumental when determining seasonal changes or other contributing influences Also the environmental control system should have critical alarm capabilities The system must be able to notify the appropriate personnel when conditions move outside of the systems established operating specifications Operating Specifications TABLE 5 5 TABLE 5 6 TABLE 5 7 and TABLE 5 8 list the environmental specifications for the servers described in this guide These specifications might seem broad for data center equipment However the operating ranges apply to the absolute hardware limits and the extreme ranges should not be considered guidelines for normal continuous operation While the servers can operate in diverse locations and within a wide range of environmental conditions stringent control over temperature humidity and airflow is necessary for optimal system performance and reliability 10 Temperature An ambient temperature range of 21 to 23 C 70 to 74 F is optimal for system reliability and operator comfort While most computer equipment can operate within a rather broad range a temperature level near 22 C 72 F is desirable because it is e
16. the greatest operating time buffer in the event of an environmental control system failure Data center equipment is particularly sensitive to high humidity levels When relative humidity levels are too high water condensation can occur which can lead to hardware corrosion problems Further maintaining a relative humidity level between 45 and 50 helps avoid system damage or temporary malfunctions caused by intermittent interference from electrostatic discharge ESD which occurs when relative humidity is too low Electrostatic discharge is easily generated and less easily dissipated in areas where the relative humidity is below 35 and becomes critical when relative humidity drops below 30 Though the 20 to 80 RH operating specifications for the servers are wide conditions should be maintained near the optimal relative humidity levels Extremes within the 20 to 80 RH range can lead to unacceptable conditions For instance if very high temperatures are maintained with very high humidity levels condensation can occur which can cause corrosive equipment damage If very low temperatures are maintained with very low humidity levels even a slight rise in temperature can lead to unacceptably low relative humidity levels It is also imperative that sensors on humidifiers are calibrated correctly If one unit is calibrated to add humidity and an adjacent unit is calibrated to remove humidity energy is wasted and an unacceptable environme
17. 25 in 23 75 in 43 69 in 21 13 in 43 69 in 90 80 cm 43 80 cm 60 90 cm 110 97 cm 53 65 cm 110 97 cm 18 in 23 63 in 24 in 25 in 24 in 25 in 45 72 cm 60 02 cm 60 96 cm 63 50 cm 60 96 cm 63 50 cm 34 in 37 in 31 50 in 37 50 in 32 25 in 37 50 in 86 36 cm 93 98 cm 80 01 cm 95 25 cm 81 91cm 95 25 cm 150 Ib 100 Ib 150 Ib 320 Ib 120 lb 320 Ib 68 04 kg 45 37kg 68 04 kg 145 kg 54 45 kg 145 kg Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes 41 Physical Specifications TABLE 5 2 Physical Specifications for Sun Systems 250 280R V480 V880 V440 V890 Height 18 1 in 6 95 in 8 75 in 28 1 in 6 85 in 28 1 in 46 0 cm 17 65 cm 22 23 cm 71 4 cm 17 40 cm 71 4 cm Width 10 3 in 17 25 in 17 5 in 18 9 in tower 17 48 in 18 9 in tower 26 2 cm 43 81 cm 44 6 cm 48 0 cm tower 44 40 cm 48 0 cm tower 17 25 in rack 17 25 in rack 43 81 cm rack 43 81 cm rack Depth 28 8 in 29 12 in 24 in 32 9 in 25 in 32 9 in 73 2 cm 73 80cm 61 cm 83 6 cm 63 5 cm 83 6 cm Weight 118 Ib 73 lb 97 lb 288 lb 82 Ib 288 lb 53 kg 33 kg 44 kg 131 kg 37 kg 131 kg Power Cord 8 2 ft 6 56 ft 8 2 ft 8 2 ft 8 2 ft 8 2 ftt mengi 25m 1 99 m 25m 2 5m 25m 25m 1 The depth given does not include any I O or power connectors or any cable management features N Weights are estimates based on fully configured systems and are dependent on specific system configurations w Three 2 75 m 9 ft cords are provided in the Sun Fire V880 rackmounting kit which extend the original 2 5 m 8 2 ft power cord leng
18. ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems Inc 4150 Network Circle Santa Clara Californie 95054 Etats Unis Tous droits r serv s Sun Microsystems Inc a les droits de propriete intellectuels relatants la technologie qui est d crit dans ce document En particulier et sans la limitation ces droits de propri t intellectuels peuvent inclure un ou plus des brevets am ricains num r s a http www sun com patents et un ou les brevets plus suppl mentaires ou les applications de brevet en attente dans les Etats Unis et dans les autres pays Ce produit ou document est prot g par un copyright et distribu avec des licences qui en restreignent l utilisation la copie la distribution et la d compilation Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut tre reproduite sous aucune forme par quelque moyen que ce soit sans l autorisation pr alable et crite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence s il y ena Le logiciel d tenu par des tiers et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caract res est prot g par un copyright et licenci par des fournisseurs de Sun Des parties de ce produit pourront tre d riv es des syst mes Berkeley BSD licenci s par l Universit de Californie UNIX est une marque d pos e aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays et licenci e exclusivement par X Open Company Ltd Sun Sun Microsystems le logo Sun AnswerBook2 docs sun com Sun BluePrints Sun Fi
19. Heat Output and Cooling Servers and related equipment generate a considerable amount of heat in a relatively small area This is because every watt of power used by a system is dissipated into the air as heat The amount of heat output per server varies depending on the system configuration See TABLE 5 4 for heat output measurements for the servers The heat load in a data center is seldom distributed uniformly and the areas generating the most heat can change frequently Further data centers are full of equipment that is highly sensitive to temperature and humidity fluctuations See TABLE 5 5 for the servers temperature and humidity specifications Proper cooling and related ventilation of a server within a cabinet is affected by many variables including the cabinet and door construction cabinet size and thermal dissipation of any other components within the cabinet Therefore it is the responsibility of the data center manager to ensure that the cabinet s ventilation system is sufficient for all the equipment mounted in the cabinet Do not use the servers nameplate power ratings when calculating the servers heat release The purpose of the nameplate power ratings is solely to indicate the servers hardware limits for maximum power draw Chapter 4 System Power and Cooling Requirements 37 38 Chassis Airflow The flow of air through the servers is essential to the proper cooling of the servers Even though the data center
20. arked Power Constraints All servers covered by this guide are shipped with a sufficient number of power supplies to provide all power needed by all Sun supported configurations Sun does not test many third party products that are compatible with Sun servers Therefore Sun makes no representations about those products or about the power requirements for products not supplied by Sun Power constraints can occur in two areas m Total AC power consumption m Current limit of the AC power outlet To maintain a safe facility you must ensure that the AC current draw does not exceed the maximum current limit for your power outlet In the United States and Canada the maximum is 80 of the outlet s total capacity which is 12 amps for 15 amp circuits and 16 amps for 20 amp circuits and so forth For areas outside of the United States and Canada contact local agencies for information about local electrical codes See TABLE 5 4 for maximum input current and power consumption for the servers Chapter 4 System Power and Cooling Requirements 35 36 Power Supplies Each server covered by this guide is shipped by Sun with one or more power supplies which are sufficient to support the maximum configuration of the server The systems provide N 1 power supply redundancy to maintain system uptime An N 1 redundant power supply configuration does not add to the power capacity of the systems N represents the number of power sup
21. asier to maintain a safe associated relative humidity level at this temperature Further this recommended temperature provides an operational buffer in case the environmental support systems are down Air Intake Temperatures Note that the operating temperature range for the servers is either 5 to 40 C 41 to 104 F or 5 to 35 C 41 to 95 F These temperatures apply to the air taken in by each server at the point where the air enters the server and not necessarily the temperature of the air in the aisles Ensure that the air intake temperature is within the operating range of the system See Equipment Installation Environmental Tests on page 13 Aisle Temperatures Aisle temperatures can give you a first level alert to conditions in the data center In a hot aisle cold aisle cabinet layout verify that the temperatures within the cold aisles are also within the servers operating temperature ranges These measurements are necessary because temperatures in the data center are different depending on where in the room the measurements are taken The heat load in the data center can vary as a result of the density of heat producing equipment located within the room Avoid placing temperature sensors in areas that are exposed to drafts or other uncontrolled airflow See Creating a Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Layout on page 21 and Facility Environmental Tests on page 12 Rate of Change Also measure the rate of temperature chan
22. computers and other electronic equipment All of the servers discussed in this guide are designed for rackmounting in cabinets or racks that comply with the EIA 310D standard Cabinet and Rack Terminology The terms cabinet and rack are sometimes used interchangeably which is incorrect Computer cabinets are fitted with doors and side panels which may or may not be removable and are available in a very wide variety of sizes and colors Most cabinets provide connections for electrical power Some cabinets provide fans and baffles designed to move cooling air in a specified direction and often at a specified rate Others provide electromagnetic interference EMI and radio frequency interference RFI shielding to meet standards established by various regulatory agencies Cabinets enclose a rack which is a frame that provides a means for mounting electronic equipment Racks can also stand alone and do not require the doors panels and other integrated equipment that comes with cabinets Racks come in different types One type consists of two vertical rails which are not enclosed by cabinet doors and panels Another and more common type consists of four vertical rails which may or may not be enclosed by cabinet doors and panels You can mount the Sun Fire V480 server and the Sun Fire V440 server in either a 4 post rack or a 2 post rack using optional two post rackmounting kits The racks used for mounting the other servers covered in this
23. dustry Guidelines for Site Planning 1 Site Planning Assistance From Sun 2 Sun Enterprise Installation Services 2 Sun Environmental Services 3 Site Planning Considerations 4 System Configurations 5 Planning for Maximum System Configurations Planning for Actual System Configurations 6 Using System Configuration Data 6 Data Center Location and Design 7 Route to the Data Center 8 Environmental Requirements 9 Operating Specifications 9 Temperature 10 Air Intake Temperatures 10 Aisle Temperatures 10 Rate of Change 10 5 Humidity 11 Troubleshooting Environmental Conditions 12 Facility Environmental Tests 12 Equipment Installation Environmental Tests 13 Equipment Failure Environmental Tests 14 Cooling and Aisle Airflow 14 Calculating Cooling Requirements 15 Measuring Aisle Airflow Speed 15 Acclimatization 16 Vibration and Shock 16 Contaminants 17 Fire Containment 17 3 Rackmounting the Systems 19 Cabinet and Rack Terminology 19 Cabinet Location 21 Creating a Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Layout 21 Determining Aisle Clearances 22 Determining Aisle Pitch 23 Sun Cabinets 24 Cabinet Rack and Server Dimensions 25 Rack Units 27 Other Cabinet and Rack Features 29 Cabinet Doors and Panels 29 Load Capacity 29 EMI and RFI Requirements 30 Power Sequencers 30 Stabilization 31 Tools Required for Rackmounting the Systems 31 Rackmounting Guidelines 31 iv Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004
24. e and humidity of the data center follow these guidelines m Place sensors in cold aisles where cold air outlets provide conditioned air to the systems Hot aisle measurements will be typically out the systems recommended operating ranges and therefore are not a valid indication of the required temperature and humidity levels m Place sensors 10 to 30 feet 3 to 9 m apart or in front of every fourth rack in the aisle m Place sensors in the middle of the aisle between the rows of racks m Place sensors 4 9 feet 1 5 m above the tiled floor 12 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 These measurements will provide you with a detailed and representative profile of the temperature and humidity of air in the cold aisles By continually monitoring temperature and humidity within the aisles you can guard against changes that could affect the systems optimal environmental ranges If any measurements are outside of the systems optimal operating ranges data center managers must identify the source of and correct the problem It is also important to measure the temperature and humidity of the return air in front of the HVAC systems If the return air is below the ambient temperature of the cold aisles it might mean that cold aisle air is short cycling that is returning to the HVAC units before filtering through the systems Equipment Installation Environmental Tests Equipment installation en
25. e data center Wait at least 24 hours before removing the systems from their shipping containers to prevent thermal shock and condensation Vibration and Shock Make sure that your installation adequately protects equipment from excessive vibration and shock When installing systems of different types in the same cabinet or rack be sure that the overall vibration and shock characteristics do not exceed those of the system with the lowest vibration and shock specifications For example if you are installing two different types of systems in the same cabinet and one system can tolerate 4 g peak shock and the other system can tolerate 10 g peak shock make sure that vibration of your cabinet does not exceed 4 g peak shock TABLE 5 7 and TABLE 5 8 describe vibration and shock specifications for the systems covered in this guide 16 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Contaminants The impact of contaminants on sensitive electronic equipment is well known but the most harmful contaminants are often overlooked because they are so small Most particles smaller than 10 microns are not visible to the naked eye Yet it is these particles that are most likely to migrate to areas where they can do damage Some sources of contaminants include the following Personnel activity Human movement within the computer room is probably the single greatest source of contamination in an otherwise clean room The
26. e the rackmounted servers to work within the temperature specifications for systems in operation See TABLE 5 5 for temperature specifications See Cabinet Location on page 21 for information about recommended placement of cabinets and racks to optimize proper aisle airflow Units of Measurement A standard unit for measuring the heat generated within or removed from a data center is the British Thermal Unit Btu The heat produced by electronic devices such as servers is usually expressed as the number of Btu generated in an hour Btu hr Watts W is also a term used to express heat output and cooling One watt is equal to 3 412 Btu hr For example if you use 100 watts of power you generate 341 2 Btu hr Air conditioning capacity is also measured in Btu hr or watts Large air conditioning systems are rated in tons One ton of air conditioning is a unit of cooling equal to 12 000 Btu hr or 3517 watts Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Determining Heat Output and Cooling TABLE 5 4 lists the minimum typical and maximum heat output and cooling requirements for base configurations of the servers These specification are the measured power ratings which are calculated for the base server configurations as defined by Sun and listed in TABLE 5 3 Use the nameplate ratings only as a references to the servers hardware limits that could accommodate future components and not to calculate the ser
27. echnical questions about products that are not answered in this document go to http www sun com service contacting Sun Welcomes Your Comments Sun is interested in improving its documentation and welcomes your comments and suggestions You can submit your comments by going to http www sun com hwdocs feedback Please include the title and part number of your document with your feedback Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 part number 816 1613 14 Preface xv xvi Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 CHAPTER 1 Site Preparation This chapter provides an overview of the site planning process It also describes some of the services that are available from Sun to help you plan and monitor your data center This chapter offers basic information about issues relating to the data center location system configurations and the route to the data center This manual includes information only about these Sun servers Sun Enterprise 250 Sun Fire 280R Sun Fire V480 Sun Fire V880 Sun Fire V440 Sun Fire V890 Go to this web site for more information about these servers http www sun com servers entry Industry Guidelines for Site Planning The American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ASHRAE has published guidelines for equipment manufacturers and data center designers to standardize on the following issues relating to a da
28. ed by removing the doors or by ensuring that the doors have a perforated pattern that provides at least 63 open area In addition maintain a minimum 3 8 cm 1 5 inch clearance between the systems and any front or back cabinet doors Load Capacity Calculate the weight of the servers and other equipment you plan to mount in a given cabinet or rack Then be sure that this weight falls within the load capacity of the enclosure The approximate weights of systems covered in this manual are provided in TABLE 5 2 The load capacities of the Sun Rack 900 Sun StorEdge Expansion Cabinet and Sun Fire Cabinet are listed in TABLE 5 12 It is important to determine whether the strength of the data center floor is sufficient to support the weight of all the cabinets and racks that you will install after they are fully populated with systems and other equipment Consult a qualified structural engineer to evaluate the locations of the cabinets and racks in the data center Chapter 3 Rackmounting the Systems 29 30 EMI and RFI Requirements All Sun entry level servers comply with all electromagnetic interference EMI and radio frequency interference RFI shielding requirements for a computer room environment The servers do not rely on the cabinet for EMI or RFI shielding Other equipment that you include in the cabinet might depend on the cabinet for proper EMI or RFI shielding The Sun cabinets achieve this by retaining EMI and RFI within the cabin
29. er 2 Post Rackmounting Guide 817 0952 Sun Fire V890 Server Rackmounting Guide 817 6264 Preface xiii Application Title Related Documentation Continued Sun cabinets Sun Rack 900 Sun Rack 900 Installation Manual Sun Rack 900 Service Manual Sun StorEdge Expansion Cabinet Installation and Service Manual Sun Fire Cabinet Installation and Reference Manual Web sites Entry level servers http www sun com servers entry Site planning support http www sun com service support install index html http www sun com service support environment Sun Rack 900 http www sun com servers rack rack html Sun BluePrints documents Third Party Web Sites http www sun com books blueprints series html Part Number See Sun Rack 900 URL 816 6386 816 6387 805 3067 806 2942 Sun is not responsible for the availability of third party web sites mentioned in this document Sun does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for any content advertising products or other materials that are available on or through such sites or resources Sun will not be responsible or liable for any actual or alleged damage or loss caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any such content goods or services that are available on or through such sites or resources xiv Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Contacting Sun Technical Support If you have t
30. ers and TABLE 5 11 for shipping specifications for three Sun cabinets Inspect all shipping cartons for evidence of physical damage If a shipping carton is damaged request that the carrier s agent be present when you open the carton Save the original shipping containers and packing materials in case you need to store or ship the system When you plan your route to the data center make sure that the boxed cabinets racks and servers can fit through doors and hallways and on elevators Also make sure that the route floor and elevators can support the weight of the cabinets racks and servers The route to the data center should have minimal ramps minimal sharp angles few bumps and no stairs Provide a room that is separate from the data center in which to open equipment cartons and to repack hardware when you install or deinstall the systems Do not unpack the servers or racks in the data center Dirt and dust from the packing materials can contaminate the data center environment See Acclimatization on page 16 for further information about moving the systems into the data center Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 CHAPTER 2 Environmental Requirements Computer system reliability is dependent upon a stable environment The design of the environmental control system for your data center must ensure that each system can operate reliably while remaining within the range of its operating
31. et It is a best practice to house devices that radiate EMI or RFI in cabinets that are separate from the server cabinets The servers comply with the following U S Federal Communications Commission FCC Part 15 Rules for Class A or Class B operation Class A operation describes equipment operated in a commercial environment Class B operation describes equipment operated in a residential environment m Sun Enterprise 250 Class B m Sun Fire 280R Class A m Sun Fire V480 Class A m Sun Fire V880 Class A m Sun Fire V440 Class A m Sun Fire V890 Class A Power Sequencers Power sequencers are devices that provide sequential power to the available outlets on the sequencer When power is available not every outlet may be powered on at the same time For instance if the sequencer has 10 outlets outlet 1 may be powered on then one second arbitrary number later outlet 2 is powered on and then another second later outlet 3 is powered on The Sun cabinets come with two power sequencers which enable AC input fault tolerance when each sequencer is connected to a different power source In this way the sequencers can provide some power redundancy for the servers In addition the power sequencers provide a limited amount of power conditioning See TABLE 5 13 for the power sequencer specifications Be sure that there is a sufficient number of power outlets within reach of the power cords for each server and for the cabinet s power co
32. f the data center consider the following issues Moisture and air leakage Ensure that the data center is not located below any room that could cause water or moisture to leak into the data center Exclude plumbing from the room except plumbing that supports the fire suppression and heating ventilation and air conditioning HVAC systems To prevent air and moisture leakage do not install windows that open to the outside of the facility Contaminants Isolate the data center from activities that could contaminate the environment Ensure that the air intake for the data center is clean Maintain airborne dusts gasses and vapors within defined limits for data center environments to minimize their impact on the systems Access Ensure that there is adequate access to the data center from the loading dock freight elevator or other equipment entrances Security Provide secure points of entry to the data center so that only the proper personnel have access to the equipment Equip data center doors with secure locking mechanisms that can remain operational during a power failure Room temperature and humidity Ensure that the data center has the required air conditioning equipment to adequately cool the systems Install an automatic online alarm system to notify personnel if temperature or humidity exceeds the specified thresholds Airflow Consider the intake and exhaust airflow of the systems in the data center Ensure that the airf
33. flow Le Aisle Pitch 7 Tiles Cold 14 Feet Cold Aisle Hot Aisle Aisle lt 4 Feet 42 3 Feet 42 4 Feet Front Aisle Inches Back Aisle Inches Front Aisle Rack Rack FIGURE 3 3 Seven Tile Aisle Pitch Chapter 3 Rackmounting the Systems 23 24 Sun Cabinets Sun Microsystems offers EIA 310D compliant cabinets for mounting the servers Sun cabinets are designed and tested with some configurations of Sun equipment Any limitations on mixing Sun products in the cabinets are also known and documented Your system may require a rackmount kit to enable installation into certain cabinets or racks Contact your Sun account manager or Sun authorized sales representative for details The Sun Rack 900 cabinet family is among the newer cabinets from Sun This cabinet provides an industry standard 35 4 inch 90 cm depth and is designed to hold both servers and storage products This flexibility can help you to better utilize floor space and to reduce administrative costs because you can mount a greater variety of products in the Sun Rack 900 than was previously possible with other cabinets The Sun Rack 900 provides you with options for power front door filler panels cables and so forth which enable you to configure the cabinet to fit your needs The optional power distribution system PDS consists of two independently powered sequencers Each power sequencer provides two power outlet strips each with 24
34. foot area might contain 48 severs outputting 1 320 000 Btu hour and needing 220 Btu hour of cooling per square foot A third 6000 square foot area might contain 12 high end servers outputting 972 000 Btu hour and needing 162 Btu hour of cooling per square foot Using a square footage calculation for this example yields a cooling requirement for all three sections of 2 844 000 Btu hour or 118 5 Btu hour of cooling per square foot This would exceed the 46 Btu hour cooling needed by the PCs but it is much too little cooling capacity required for both server areas Knowing the RLUs for power and cooling enable the data center manager to adjust the physical design the power and cooling equipment and rack configurations within the facility to meet the systems requirements Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 CHAPTER 5 System Specifications This chapter includes shipping physical configuration electrical environmental rackmounting and cabinet specifications for the following Sun systems Sun Enterprise 250 Sun Fire 280R Sun Fire V480 Sun Fire V880 Sun Fire V440 Sun Fire V890 Shipping Crate Specifications Dimensions and weights are estimates based on fully configured systems and are dependent on specific system configurations TABLE 5 1 Shipping Crate Specifications for Sun Systems 250 280R V480 V880 V440 V890 Height Width Depth Weight On Pallet 35 75 in 17
35. g set of conditions for weight power and air conditioning load This data is helpful for planning purposes early in a facility construction cycle Many customers buy servers configured for present needs but realize that future demands will require server upgrades Since the specifics of such upgrades are often difficult to predict some customers elect to make facility planning decisions based on maximum configuration data from the start One benefit of this approach is that it minimizes subsequent facility disruptions that might be needed to accommodate upgraded or new systems Maximum configuration data also can help you when you select and lay out racks and cabinets For example racks planned for high density servers can be distributed throughout the data center and laid out in hot aisle cold aisle rows to minimize hot spots Maximum configuration data can help you determine how to route electrical circuits and plan for power cooling and other equipment needed to support a full capacity data center In addition maximum configuration data can help you plan for auxiliary power or backup power and plan for power grid independence if continued uptime is required Chapter 1 Site Preparation 5 Planning for Actual System Configurations Some experts estimate that only half or less of the power cooling and other support equipment is used in the data center when systems are originally installed In addition experts report that electrical a
36. ges within a 60 minute period Conditions should not be allowed to change by more that 5 5 C 10 F or 10 relative humidity during a 60 minute period If you detect fluctuations measure conditions over a 24 hour period and compare results against historical data to analyze trends Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Also avoid cooling short cycles which can occur if perforated tiles or grilled tiles are placed between the air conditioners and the nearest heat producing equipment If tiles are laid out in that way cold air returns to the air conditioner without circulating through the equipment The air conditioner might register that temperatures in the room are cooler than is actually the case The air conditioner might cycle out of its cooling mode while temperatures in the room still call for cooler air Humidity Relative humidity RH is the amount of moisture in a given sample of air at a given temperature in relation to the maximum amount of moisture that a sample could contain at the same temperature A volume of air at a given temperature can hold a certain amount of moisture Because air is a gas it expands as it is heated As air gets warmer its volume increases and the amount of moisture it can hold increases thus causing its relative humidity to decrease Ambient relative humidity levels between 45 and 50 are most suitable for safe server operations This optimal range also provides
37. http www sun com service support environment Site Planning Considerations Customer facility managers system administrators and Sun account managers need to discuss site planning preparation and system installation before delivery of the systems A common understanding of environmental requirements and how the systems will be delivered configured installed and maintained will help to create a suitable facility and successful installation of the servers and related equipment However it is important to plan the data center as a whole and not based solely on shelf level or cabinet level calculations of system requirements There are too many interdependencies in a modern data center that can make simple calculations unreliable Designs and plans need to be made for the data center as a whole and all of its equipment with the recognition that implementing one change in the data center environment can affect many other physical mechanical and environmental aspects of the facility Factor in requirements of third party equipment and support equipment in the room Consider where dense computing locations might have high power and cooling demands that could affect power and environmental constraints Consider rack positioning and airflow patterns Ensure that the raised floor space air conditioning power supply equipment and generators and related support equipment meet the demands of all the servers and other mission critical equipment
38. ich external peripherals such as terminals monitors keyboards SCSI devices and so forth the systems require Environmental Yes__No Does the data center environment meet the system specifications for temperature and humidity Yes__No Have you determined the thermal load heat dissipation and air conditioning requirements of all equipment in the data center Yes__No Can you maintain the data center environment when certain failures occur such as power failure air conditioning unit failure or humidity control unit failure Yes__No__ Is fire suppression and alarm equipment installed Power Yes No Have you determined the maximum power requirements of the systems Yes No Have you considered using an alternate source of power for grid independence and backup power for the local sub station Yes__No Have you installed a UPS Yes__No Do you have sufficient power receptacles and circuit breakers for each system and its peripherals 51 TABLE6 1 Site Planning Checklist Continued Requirement Completed Task Yes_No__ Are the power receptacles within 15 feet 4 6 m of the racks or within 6 feet 1 8 m of a standalone system Yes No Have you installed and labeled the circuit breakers EEE Physical Yes No Does the facility s loading dock meet standard common carrier truck requirements If not have you made other arrangements for unloading the racks and systems such as providing a fork lift Yes No Are pal
39. ing rack location units RLUs to determine heat output and cooling requirements in the data center is discussed A rack location is the specific location on the data center floor where services that can accommodate power cooling physical space network connectivity functional capacity and rack weight requirements are delivered Services delivered to the rack location are specified in units of measure such as watts or Btus thus forming the term rack location unit Chapter 4 System Power and Cooling Requirements 39 40 Since today s data centers house hundreds or thousands of systems with widely varying power and cooling requirements RLUs can help you determine where greater or less power and cooling services are needed RLUs can also help you determince how to locate the racks to maximize services Using square footage calculations for power and cooling assumes that power and cooling loads are the same across the entire room Using RLUs lets you divide the data center into areas that need unique power and cooling services To determine RLUs for heat output and cooling you must add together the heat output and cooling requirements for all systems installed in the rack Then assess the RLUs for adjacent racks For example suppose you had 24 000 square feet of space in the data center You might have a 12 000 square foot area where 600 PCs are outputing 552 000 Btu hour and needing 46 Btu hour of cooling per square foot Another 6000 square
40. irflow speed will facilitate the required delivery of conditioned air down the cold aisles and to the systems If airflow pressure is inadequate the conditioned air will heat up before it reaches the areas in need of cooling While an office environment might require only two air changes per hour the high density heat load in a data center can require as many as 30 air changes per hour See Cabinet Location on page 21 for information about how to locate cabinets and racks in the data center to ensure proper aisle airflow Chapter 2 Environmental Requirements 15 Acclimatization When determining how long you must allow a system to acclimatize after delivery to the data center and before power can be applied to the system without causing damage you should compare the temperature and humidity of the environment in which the system had been stored to the conditions in the data center Equipment damage can occur if the rate of temperature or humidity change is too great The maximum positive or negative temperature gradient that is recommended for multilayered boards is approximately 2 C 4 F per hour The same consideration applies to humidity it is best to have a slow rate of change If it is necessary to compensate for significant temperature or humidity differences between the systems and the data center place the systems in their shipping containers in a location that has a similar temperature and humidity environment as th
41. l an automatic fire detection system Use a fire detection system that is sensitive to smoke and other products of combustion rather than solely temperature in the room Also install manual fire alert stations and provide fire extinguishers throughout the data center Chapter 2 Environmental Requirements 17 m Avoid unnecessary storage Do not store combustible materials in the data center Remove packing materials and other unnecessary materials as soon as possible m Check the electrical system insulation periodically Breakdowns in insulation and the resultant short circuiting can lead to intense heat that can melt materials or cause a fire m Check heat recoils on the air conditioners periodically If left unused for a long time these recoils can collect layers of dust that can ignite when the unit is turned on m Inspect the data center perimeter Look for any openings that could expose the data center to hazardous areas m Create detailed disaster response plans Train personnel how to respond in the event of a fire The cabinet or rack must meet Underwriters Laboratories Inc and TUV Rheinland of N A requirements for fire containment See the server documentation for specific requirements 18 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 CHAPTER 3 Rackmounting the Systems The Electronics Industries Association EIA establishes standards for cabinets and racks intended for use with
42. let jacks or carts available to move the systems and racks from the loading dock to the computer room Yes No Will the equipment fit through the access route and into the computer room Yes No Have you calculated the weight of each rack with all the equipment installed within it Yes No Is the data center floor able to support the weight of the systems and racks Yes No Have you established where you will locate each rack on the data center floor Yes No Are the systems and racks positioned so that the heated exhaust air of one system does not enter the air inlet of another system Yes No Is there sufficient room around the racks for system access and maintenance Miscellaneous Yes No Are there sufficient number of people available to unload unpack and install the systems into the racks Yes No Have system administrators and service technicians enrolled in appropriate training courses to upgrade their skills as necessary Yes No Have you acquired all the hardware needed to set up the systems and racks Yes No Do you have the documents required to install the systems into the racks 52 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004
43. low in the room facilitates cooling of equipment Raised flooring Design the raised flooring to consolidate cabinets and racks and to maximize access to support equipment and cables Ceiling height Locate the data center in a facility that provides a floor to ceiling minimum height of 8 feet 6 inches 259 cm This space lets you install a 7 foot 213 4 cm equipment rack Aisle space Provide adequate room at the front and back of cabinets and racks to allow unobstructed servicing of the systems and clear passage for personnel Expansion room Design the data center in a way that can accommodate future equipment expansion Include resources that can provide additional power environmental support and floor usage See the related sections in this guide for further descriptions of these criteria Chapter 1 Site Preparation 7 8 Route to the Data Center Ideally the data center and loading dock should be located in close proximity The access allowances for the path from the loading dock to the data center include m A minimum 96 inch 243 9 cm height greater is recommended a A minimum 60 inch 152 4 cm width greater is recommended Most cabinets and racks ship in their own containers on a pallet Make sure that the facility loading dock and unloading equipment can accommodate the height and weight of the cabinets racks and servers while in their shipping packages See TABLE 5 1 for shipping specifications for the serv
44. ly configured systems must be weighed against the costs of sizing the site for actual resources used and adding infrastructure equipment as needed Using System Configuration Data TABLE 5 3 presents some of the components of sample base configurations of the servers There are many more standard and optional components associated with these configurations depending on what you choose for your servers Do not use the systems nameplate power ratings when calculating existing power consumption and heat load Nameplate ratings indicate the servers hardware limits for maximum power draw that the systems can support Nameplate ratings note higher levels of power consumption than systems require at installation The additional power capacity is available for system upgrades Nameplate power ratings are useful if you add components that significantly affect power demands Instead for current data center planning rely on measured system configuration data which you can obtain from your Sun account manager or Sun authorized sales representative TABLE 5 4 presents measured power ratings for the sample base configurations of the servers described in this guide 6 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Data Center Location and Design Whether a dedicated facility or part of a multipurpose building the location and design of the data center need special consideration When determining the location and design o
45. ments Each system when properly configured and installed must receive sufficient incoming AC power to supply all installed components The data center should be able to provide a stable dual current path to the installed equipment In addition the power infrastructure must be designed to maintain system uptime even during disruption of the main power source It is important to use dedicated AC breaker panels for all power circuits that supply power to your systems The power system should be designed to provide sufficient redundancy eliminate all single points of failure and allow the isolation of a single system for testing or maintenance without affecting the power supplied to other systems 33 34 Power Sources It is important to secure multiple sources of power when possible Ideally multiple utility feeds should be provided from different substations or power grids This setup provides power redundancy and backup The systems provide AC input fault tolerance via redundant power supplies Therefore it is prudent to attach to each primary power supply a common power cord from one power grid that can supply power to all systems and to attach another power cord from a different power grid to the redundant supplies If a primary power grid goes offline a backup power grid will provide power to the redundant supplies to keep the systems operating See Power Supplies on page 36 for information about power supply redundancy Fo
46. nd mechanical equipment can account for nearly two thirds of the initial capital costs of the facility This results in high up front design and construction costs for electrical and mechanical equipment and ongoing operating and maintenance costs that are higher than actually needed to support the installed systems For in depth discussion of these topics see Data Center Power Requirements Measurements From Silicon Valley J D Mitchell Jackson J G Koomey B Nordman M Blazek Energy The International Journal Vol 28 No 8 June 2003 p 837 850 Design Guidelines for a High Density Data Center R Hughes The Data Center Journal Dec 14 2003 Therefore some data center designers prefer to build the facility in a way that maximizes expandability and flexibility Designers estimate initial infrastructure requirements using the actual power cooling and environmental specifications that the systems incur when installed This provides the minimum requirements that the data center must meet As systems are upgraded or added power cooling and other infrastructure equipment is installed in a modular architecture that supports scalable growth without interruption of data center functions It is important to design the data center so that it can accommodate infrastructure upgrades without adversely affecting the continuous operation of the installed systems When building the data center the costs of sizing the site for maximal
47. ning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Rackmounting Specifications TABLE 5 9 Rack Units Required by Sun Systems Rack Units Required per System for Mounting 250 6U 280R 4U V480 5U V880 17U V440 4U V890 17U TABLE 5 10 Typical Rack and Cabinet Depths Used by Sun Systems System Depth Rackmounting Depth Range Cabinet Depth 250 280R V480 V880 V440 V890 27 1 in 68 8 cm 27 25 in 69 21 cm 24 0 in 61 0 cm 32 90 in 83 60 cm 24 0 in 61 0 cm 32 90 in 83 60 cm 27 5 to 35 5 in 69 85 to 90 17 cm 29 5 to 35 5 in 75 95 to 90 17 cm 23 to 34 5 in 58 42 to 87 63 cm 34 to 36 in 86 36 to 91 44 cm 23 to 34 5 in 58 42 to 87 63 cm 34 to 36 in 86 36 to 91 44 cm 34 in or greater 86 cm or greater 34 in or greater 86 cm or greater 28 in or greater 71 cm or greater 39 in or greater 99 cm or greater 28 in or greater 71 cm or greater 39 in or greater 99 cm or greater 1 The depth given does not include any I O or power connectors or any cable management features 2 Depth is 28 8 in 73 2 cm including the power supply handle 3 The rack depth range is for systems using Sun rackmounting equipment Rackmounting hardware is designed to fit a range of different cabinet depths Chapter 5 System Specifications 47 48 Sun Cabinet Physical Specifications TABLE 5 11 Height Width Depth Weight Sun StorEdge Expa
48. nmental Requirements 13 Equipment Failure Environmental Tests Equipment failure environmental tests can help you determine whether the system failure was due to environmental conditions These tests are similar to the equipment installation environmental tests except that temperature and humidity measurements are isolated to the failed system These tests can help you determine whether the air intake to the system is within the system s recommended temperature and humidity ranges To measure the temperature and humidity of air in front of a failed system follow these guidelines m For a 1RU to 3RU system take measurements at three points midway vertically and horizontally at 2 inches 5 cm from the front of the system This provides one horizontal row of three measurement points m For a 4RU to 6RU system take measurements at six points at 2 inches 5 cm from the front of the system Divide the six points into two rows of three points each Center each row of points vertically and horizontally in front of the system m For a 7RU or larger system take measurements at nine points at 2 inches 5 cm from the front of the system Divide the nine points into three rows of three points each Center each row of points vertically and horizontally in front of the system m For systems with a localized air inlet area take measurements in a circular grid pattern with the number of points dependent on the size of the inlet area m For a
49. nsion Cabinet 80 in 203 cm 42 in 107 cm 47 in 120 cm 524 Ib 238 kg Sun Fire Cabinet 80 in 203 cm 43 in 109 cm 47 in 120 cm 558 Ib 253 kg Physical Specifications for Crated Cabinets Sun Rack 900 80 in 203 cm 43 in 109 cm 48 in 122 cm 530 Ib 240 kg TABLE 5 12 Physical Specifications for Cabinets in Operation Height Width Nominal Rack Opening Depth Weight Load Capacity Usable Rack Units Sun StorEdge Expansion Cabinet 73 5 in 186 7 cm 24 in 61 cm 17 72 in 45 cm 36 in 91 cm 350 Ib 159 kg 1300 Ib 589 kg 36 Sun Fire Cabinet 75 in 191 cm 24 in 61 cm 17 72 in 45 cm 36 in 91 cm 325 Ib 147 kg 1200 Ib 544 kg 32 Sun Rack 900 73 75 in 187 cm 23 6 in 60 cm 17 72 in 45 cm 35 4 in 90 cm 400 Ib 181 kg 1200 Ib 544 kg 38 1 This specification is the weight of the cabinet and two power sequencers only The total weight of the cabinet also includes the systems and other equipment it houses 2 This capacity is for a fully configured cabinet Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 TABLE 5 13 Cabinet Power Sequencer Specifications Sun StorEdge Expansion Cabinet Sun Fire Cabinet Sun Rack 900 AC Voltage Rating 200 to 240 VAC 200 to 240 VAC 200 to 240 VAC Frequency Range 47 to 63 Hz 47 to 63 Hz 47 to 63 Hz Max Current 24A 240 VAC 24A 240 VAC 32A 208 VAC Max Power Capaci
50. nt can occur Chapter 2 Environmental Requirements 11 Troubleshooting Environmental Conditions The temperature and humidity in the data center have a direct relationship to the proper functioning of the installed systems Data center managers need to be proactive by continually monitoring data center conditions Regularly scheduled temperature and humidity measurements are one way that data center managers can troubleshoot environmental conditions In the ASHRAE report Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments you can find this report at http www ashrae com three types of data center temperature and humidity tests are suggested m Facility environmental tests m Equipment installation environmental tests Equipment failure environmental tests These tests are described in the following sections Facility Environmental Tests Facility environmental tests are designed to measure ambient temperature and humidity throughout the data center in order to avoid environmental related equipment problems These measurements provide an overall assessment of the facility and ensure that the temperature and humidity of air in the cold aisles are within the systems recommended operating ranges Knowing the temperature and humidity of the facility also gives you a general assessment of how the HVAC systems are functioning and how much cooling capacity is available to expand the facility To measure the ambient temperatur
51. opening and closing of drawers or hardware panels or any metal on metal activity can produce metal filings Simply walking across the floor can agitate settled contaminants making them airborne and potentially harmful Hardware movement Hardware installation or reconfiguration involves a great deal of onfloor and subfloor activity and settled contaminants can be disturbed forcing them to become airborne Stored items Storage and handling of unused equipment or supplies are also a source of contamination Cardboard boxes or wooded skids shed fibers when moved or handled Cleaning activity Many chemicals used in office cleaning solutions can damage electronic equipment Gases from these products or direct contact with the hardware can cause component failure Solutions that can damage hardware include chlorine based products phosphate based products bleach enriched products petrolchemical based products and floor strippers or reconditioners Fire Containment A fire in the data center can cause catastrophic damage to the equipment and the building structure Take the following precautions to minimize the risk of a fire Separate the data center from other building offices using fire resistant walls Ensure that the walls are fire rated and constructed of noncombustible or limited combustible materials Isolate rooms within the data center with firewalls Extend the firewalls from the subfloor to the structural ceiling Instal
52. ory 32 Gbyte memory 6 73 Gbyte drives 6 73 Gbyte drives 12 73 Gbyte drives 1 DVD drive 1 DVD drive 1 DVD drive 1 PCI card 5 PCI cards 9 PCI cards V440 2 1 062 GHz CPUs 4 1 062 GHz CPUs 4 1 28 GHz CPUs 4 Gbyte memory 8 Gbyte memory 16 Gbyte memory 4 36 Gbyte drives 4 36 Gbyte drives 4 36 Gbyte drives 1 DVD drive 1 DVD drive 1 DVD drive 1 PCI card 3 PCI cards 6 PCI cards V890 4 1 2 GHz CPUs 4 1 2 GHz CPUs 8 1 2 GHz CPUs 16 Gbyte memory 6 73 Gbyte drives 1 DVD drive 1 PCI card 16 Gbyte memory 6 73 Gbyte drives 1 DVD drive 1 PCI card 32 Gbyte memory 6 73 Gbyte drives 1 DVD drive 3 PCI cards Chapter 5 System Specifications 43 Electrical Specifications TABLE 5 4 Electrical Specifications for Sun Systems 250 280R V480 V880 V440 V890 Nominal 50 or 60 Hz 50 or 60 Hz 50 or 60 Hz 50 or 60 Hz 50 or 60 Hz 50 or 60 Hz Frequencies Nominal 100 to 240 100 to 240 100 to 240 100 to 240 100 to 240 200 to 240 Voltage Range VAC VAC VAC VAC VAC VAC auto ranging auto ranging auto ranging auto ranging auto ranging auto ranging AC Operating 90 to 264 90 to 264 90 to 264 90 to 264 90 to 264 180 to 264 Range Vrms Vrms Vrms Vrms Vrms Vrms 47 to 63 Hz 47 to 63 Hz 47 to 63 Hz 47 to 63 Hz 47 to 63 Hz 47 to 63 Hz Max Current 3 1A 7 5A 10 0A e 12 0A 7 7A 8 0 A AG BMS 120 VAC 120 VAC 120 VAC 120 VAC 120 VAC 200 VAC 1 6A 3 7A 5 0A 6 0A 3 65A 6 7A 240 VAC 240 VAC 240 VAC 240 VAC 240 VAC 240 VAC AC Power Consumption Mi s
53. outlets providing 48 outlets to systems The PDS does not use any rack units RU of available product space when installed in the Sun Rack 900 A vertical cable management bracket when used with the cable management arms keeps cables organized for easy tracing and mobility The Sun Rack 900 can be shipped to customers with systems preintegrated and racked into place For information about products qualified by Sun to rackmount in the Sun Rack 900 go to http www sun com servers rack approved html For further information about the Sun Rack 900 go to http www sun com servers rack rack html Another Sun cabinet is the Sun StorEdge Expansion Cabinet See the Sun StorEdge Expansion Cabinet Installation and Service Manual for information about this enclosure A third cabinet is the Sun Fire Cabinet See the Sun Fire Cabinet Installation and Reference Guide for information These documents are available at http www sun com documentation TABLE 5 11 TABLE 5 12 and TABLE 5 13 contain specifications for the three cabinets Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Cabinet Rack and Server Dimensions Because the terms rack and cabinet are sometimes used interchangeably much confusion exists about the proper way to measure cabinets and the proper way to measure racks Cabinets are traditionally referred to by their external dimensions Most newer cabinets have depths of 32 or 36 inches 81 28 or 91 44
54. plies needed to power a fully configured system The 1 means that there is one additional power supply in the system to handle the load if a supply fails When the system is operating normally all of the power supplies are turned on even the redundant supplies The redundancy configurations of the systems are as follows m 1 1 One supply needed to power the system and one backup supply m 250 server m 280R server m V480 server m V440 server m 2 1 Two supplies needed to power the system and one backup supply m V880 server m V890 server In a 1 1 configuration that is two power supplies are installed each capable of providing enough power for the entire system both supplies are turned on and are delivering power Each supply delivers approximately 50 of the power needed by the system If one supply fails the supply that is still online will deliver 100 of the power needed to keep the system running In a 2 1 configuration that is three power supplies are installed with two power supplies delivering enough power for the entire system all three power supplies are turned on and are delivering power Each supply delivers approximately 33 of the power needed by the system If one supply fails the supplies that are still online will each provide 50 of the power needed to keep the system running Most power supplies cannot support the maximum values on all outputs at the same time because that would exceed the total power suppl
55. r example a data center may provide 100 watts per square foot of cooling capacity using air conditioners Based on 100 watts per square foot and 20 square feet 1 858 sq m per cabinet each cabinet is allowed a cooling capacity of 2000 watts 100 watts x 20 sq ft or 2 kW Remember 2 kW per cabinet gross square footage in a data center is only an example Some cabinets might require 3 kW or more of cooling capacity Some dense computing equipment such as blade servers in a rack can require 10 kW or higher of cooling per rack See Heat Output and Cooling on page 37 for more information about cooling requirements Measuring Aisle Airflow Speed It is also important to consider the intake and discharge airflow required to cool the systems All of the servers described in this guide draw in ambient air for cooling from the front and discharge heated exhaust air to the rear Ensure that the air conditioning equipment can adequately move air down the aisles so that heated air does not flow over the cabinets and racks to the front of the systems Measure airflow speed in different zones of the floor to determine whether the existing airflow pressure is sufficient to provide the necessary conditioned air to the systems Take measurements every 13 to 16 feet 4 to 5 m Measurements taken at lesser distances might not detect a significant pressure difference A typical airflow speed ranges between 10 to 13 feet 3 to 4 m per second Adequate a
56. r the Sun Fire V890 server use the 10 amp power cords that are supplied with the server The V890 server uses 200 to 240 VAC input only UPS and Backup Generator Using an online uninterruptible power supply UPS and a backup power generator provides a good strategy for obtaining an uninterruptible source of power The online UPS filters conditions and regulates the power It protects the systems from fluctuating voltages surges and spikes and noise that may be on the power line The battery backup for the UPS should be capable of maintaining the critical load of the data center for a minimum of 15 minutes during a power failure This is typically sufficient time to transfer power to an alternate feed or to the power generator The backup power generator should be able to carry the load of both the computer equipment and the supporting heat ventilation and air conditioning HVAC equipment The generator should include dual power distribution switch gear with automatic transfer switching To offset the possibility of a generator failure power system designers often include a temporary generator for secondary backup Grounding Grounding design must address both the electrical service and the installed equipment A properly designed grounding system should have as low an impedance as is practically achievable for proper operation of electronic devices as well as for safety It is important to use a continuous dedicated ground for the entire
57. rds See TABLE 5 2 for the lengths of the power cords for the servers Do not use extension cords or plug in power strips in your installation For the Sun Fire V890 server use the 10 amp power cords that are supplied with the server The V890 server uses 200 to 240 VAC input only See Chapter 4 for further information about the power requirements of the servers Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Stabilization Each cabinet or rack must be bolted securely to the floor or be equipped with extendable anti tip legs in order to keep it from tipping forward when a server or other equipment is extended out the front of the rack For added stability extend only one system out of the rack at a time Always install systems in the rack from the bottom up to help stabilize the cabinet Tools Required for Rackmounting the Systems You will need some of the following tools to rackmount the systems Phillips No 1 No 2 and No 3 screwdrivers Flat blade No 1 and No 2 screwdrivers Allen and adjustable wrenches Needlenose pliers Spirit level Electrostatic discharge ESD wrist strap ESD mat GL 8 Genie Lift recommended for larger systems Rackmounting Guidelines Follow these guidelines when rackmounting a server Consult the appropriate rackmounting documentation before attempting to install any server into a rack Ensure that the floor can support the weight of people performing the lift
58. re Sun Enterprise et Solaris sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques d pos es de Sun Microsystems Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilis es sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques d pos es de SPARC International Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont bas s sur une architecture d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc L interface d utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun a t d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc pour ses utilisateurs et licenci s Sun reconna t les efforts de promiers de Xerox pour la recherche et le d veloppement du concept des interfaces d utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l industrie de l informatique Sun d tient une license non exclusive de Xerox sur l interface d utilisation graphique Xerox cette licence couvrant galement les licenci es de Sun qui mettent en place l interface d utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences crites de Sun LA DOCUMENTATION EST FOURNIE EN L TAT ET TOUTES AUTRES CONDITIONS DECLARATIONS ET GARANTIES EXPRESSES OU TACITES SONT FORMELLEMENT EXCLUES DANS LA MESURE AUTORISEE PAR LA LOI APPLICABLE Y COMPRIS NOTAMMENT TOUTE GARANTIE IMPLICITE RELATIVE A LA QUALITE MARCHANDE A L APTITUDE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU A L ABSENCE DE CONTREFA ON SA ca Adobe PostScript Contents Preface xi Site Preparation 1 In
59. rection To further optimize the airflow in hot and cold aisles install blanking panels at the front of all unused cabinet spaces so that hot air does not recirculate to the systems cold air inlet To avoid hot spots avoid placing cabinets housing high density servers too close together within the same area of the data center Locate high density servers which emit a high heat load where the static pressure under the raised flooring is greatest and therefore cool airflow from the tiles is greatest Chapter 3 Rackmounting the Systems 21 22 There may be some equipment in the data center that does not employ the front to back airflow through the system To maximize the benefits of a hot aisle cold aisle configuration keep equipment with the differing airflow directions together in a separate part of the data center Direct all exhaust air to a hot aisle Hot Exhaust Air COLD AISLE HOT AISLE COLD AISLE Systems Systems Systems Front to Front Back to Back Front to Front Cold Supply Air FIGURE 3 2 Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Layout Determining Aisle Clearances To allow for installation removal or maintenance of a server a clear service area must be maintained in front and in back of the cabinet or rack At a minimum this area should extend 3 feet 0 9 m forward from the front of the rack 4 feet 1 2 m for a rackmounted Sun Fire V880 or V890 server and 3 feet on either side of the server when it is fully extended
60. ropriate Sun aliases System turnover Sun and customer review the installation and associated documentation and customer signs off that the installation is acceptable For more information about Sun Enterprise Installation Services go to http www sun com service support install index html Sun Environmental Services To help you monitor analyze improve and control environmental conditions in your data center Sun provides Sun Environmental Services By assessing your environment and finding potential causes of downtime Sun can help you maintain the operating conditions in your data center so that your systems can perform optimally Sun Environmental Services include the following m Environmental System Inspection Services Provides you with a detailed evaluation of select Sun machines outlining possible effects that the physical environment has on system availability An environmental specialist will collect specific environmental infrastructure and planning information regarding your site to identify potential issues that could increase the threat of degraded performance This service includes an inspection of the data processing area for temperature humidity airflow cabling access to equipment physical specifications contamination cleaning activities and electrostatic discharge procedures The result of the inspection is a report that outlines the data provides recommendations for improvement or further inspection and
61. s 133W 305W 617W 1050W 360W 1183W Max 224W 418W 1023W 1440W 570W 1183W Nameplate 358W 750W 1100W 2115W 650W 2108W 600W 890W 1440W 2880W 925W 3200W Heat Dissipation and Cooling Min 454 Btu hr 1041Btu hr 2106 Btu hr 3584Btu hr 1229 Btu hr 4037 Btu hr a 765 Btu hr 1427 Btu hr 3491 Btu hr 4778 Btu hr 1945 Btu hr 4037 Btu hr Nameplate 1222 Btu hr 2560 Btu hr 3754 Btu hr 7218 Btu hr 2218 Btu hr 7194 Btu hr 2048 Btu hr 3038 Btu hr 4915 Btu hr 9829 Btu hr 3157 Btu hr 10 912 Btu hr For the 250 280R V480 and V440 systems the specifications refer to total input current required for a single AC inlet when operating with a single power supply The second power supply is the redundant element For the V880 and V890 systems the specifications refer to total input current required for each AC inlet as two power supplies are required to operate the systems The third V880 and V890 power supplies are the redundant elements wn These specifications are calculated using the base system configurations listed in TABLE 5 3 These specifications are calculated using the base system configurations listed in TABLE 5 3 44 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Environmental Specifications TABLE 5 5 Environmental Specifications for Sun Systems in Operation 250 V480 V880 V890 280R V440 Temperature 41 to 95 CF 41 to 104 F mowers 5 to 35 C 5 to 40 C Recommended 70 to 74 F 70 to 74
62. ss amp o SUN microsystems Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 Sun Microsystems Inc www sun com Part No 816 1613 14 September 2004 Revision B Submit comments about this document at http www sun co Sun Enterprise 250 Server Sun Fire 280R Server Sun Fire V480 Server Sun Fire V880 Server Sun Fire V440 Server Sun Fire V890 Server m hwdocs feedback Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems Inc 4150 Network Circle Santa Clara California 95054 U S A All rights reserved Sun Microsystems Inc has intellectual property rights relating to technology hat is described in this document In particular and without limitation these intellectual property rights may include one or more of the U S patents listed at http www sun com patents and one or more additional patents or pending patent applications in the U S and in other countries This document and the product to which it pertains are distributed under licenses restricting their use copying distribution and decompilation No part of the product or of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors if any Third party software including font technology is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers Parts of the pe may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems licensed from the University of California UNIX is a registered trademark in the U S and in other countries
63. stem requires Chapter 3 Rackmounting the Systems 27 Cabinet width 24 in 60 96 cm Pa Fete ae tenul ss 1 2 in 1 2 cm 5 8 in 1 6 cm E ER 5 8 in 1 6 cm oC D aa 1 2 in 1 2 cm 3a 5 5 8 in 1 6 cm 5 8 in 1 6 cm ne L 1 2 in 1 2 cm 19 in 48 26 cm rack width opening 17 72 in 45 cm Cabinet height 73 5 in 186 69 cm Ye Cabinet depth 36 5 in 92 71 cm FIGURE 3 5 EIA 310D Compliant Cabinet and Rack 28 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Other Cabinet and Rack Features Cabinet Doors and Panels Determine which cabinet doors and panels you will need to properly mount equipment at your site The Sun servers discussed in this guide come with lockable doors or panels Most cabinets however are available with locking doors which provide an additional measure of security Some cabinets have rear doors and some have side panels Typically if several cabinets are located in a row side panels are only attached to the two end units All of the servers described in this guide draw in ambient air for cooling from the front and discharge heated exhaust air to the rear Make sure that any front or back cabinet doors are at least 63 open to allow adequate airflow This can be accomplish
64. system installed in a cabinet take measurements in front of the system with the cabinet doors in their normal operating position that is either with the cabinet doors opened or closed All temperature and humidity measurements should be within the recommended operating range of the system If all measurements are within this range environmental conditions are probably not the cause of the system failure Cooling and Aisle Airflow Data centers have different cooling and airflow capacities often depending on when the data center was built and the requirements it was designed to meet When designing a data center you should consider the facility s heating ventilation and air conditioning HVAC capacity so that equipment in fully populated cabinets and racks can be adequately cooled The air conditioners need to be set accurately with a sensitivity of 1 C 2 F 14 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Calculating Cooling Requirements Typically a cabinet footprint requires 12 square feet 1 115 sq m However cooling measurements are calculated using the gross square footage required by the cabinets or racks which is not just the area where cabinets or racks are located The measurement includes aisles and areas where power distribution ventilation and other facility equipment is located Gross square footage is estimated to be 20 square feet 1 858 sq m per cabinet or rack Fo
65. ta center site Operating environments for classes of equipment Equipment layout for optimum reliability and airflow Tests of the operational health of the data center Evaluations of equipment installations Mechanism for reporting power cooling and environmental specifications These guidelines were developed by an industry consortium of which Sun is a member These guidelines are discussed in detail in the 2004 report Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments which was generated by the ASHRAE Technical Committee 9 9 For information about ASHRAE and the report go to http www ashrae org Site Planning Assistance From Sun Sun takes a preemptive approach to maximizing system performance by providing services that can help you to properly evaluate your data center site and install and configure your systems With the appropriate Sun Services agreement you can choose the best services for your installation which might include the following m Sun Enterprise Installation Services m Sun Environmental Services Sun Enterprise Installation Services Using the Sun Enterprise Installation Services methodology Sun technicians and engineers can help you to develop a stable data center site and equipment installations that provide the foundation for system reliability availability and serviceability Sun Enterprise Installation Services are delivered in these phases m Site audit via telephone Sun reviews yo
66. ths to 5 25 m 17 2 ft Three 2 75 m 9 ft cords are provided in the Sun Fire V890 rackmounting kit which extend the original 2 5 m 8 2 ft power cord lengths to 5 25 m 17 2 ft na 42 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Base System Configurations These are examples of possible base system configurations and do not represent all configurations available There are many other components that are included within the systems that qualify them as minimum typical and maximum configurations For complete system configuration information see your Sun account manager or Sun authorized sales representative TABLE 5 3 Base Configurations for Sun Systems Minimum Typical Maximum 250 1 400 MHz CPU 2 400 MHz CPUs 2 400 MHZ CPUs 512 Mbyte memory 1 Gbyte memory 2 Gbyte memory 1 36 Gbyte drive 2 36 Gbyte drives 6 36 Gbyte drives 1 DVD drive 1 DVD drive 1 DVD drive 1 PCI card 2 PCI cards 4 PCI cards 280R 1 1 2 GHz CPU 2 1 2 GHz CPUs 2 1 2 GHz CPUs 1 Gbyte memory 2 Gbyte memory 8 Gbyte memory 1 73 Gbyte drive 2 73 Gbyte drives 2 73 Gbyte drives 1 DVD drive 1 DVD 1 DVD 1 PCI card 2 PCI cards 4 PCI cards V480 2 1 05 GHz CPUs 4 1 05 GHz CPUs 4 1 05 GHz CPUs 4 Gbyte memory 8 Gbyte memory 16 Gbyte memory 2 36 Gbyte drives 2 36 Gbyte drives 2 36 Gbyte drives 1 DVD drive 1 DVD drive 1 DVD drive 1 PCI card 3 PCI cards 6 PCI cards V880 2 1 05 GHz CPUs 4 1 05 GHz CPUs 8 1 05 GHz CPUs 4 Gbyte memory 8 Gbyte mem
67. tilization can equal 20 square feet 1 858 sq m or five tiles per cabinet Creating a Hot Aisle Cold Aisle Layout Because of the front to back airflow of the systems the ideal placement of the cabinets and racks have the systems installed front to front and back to back This configuration is referred to as a hot aisle cold aisle layout A hot aisle cold aisle layout enables cool air to flow through the aisles to the systems front air intake and enables heated air to flow away from the systems back exhaust to the air conditioner return ducts This layout eliminates direct transfer of hot exhaust air from one system into the intake air of another system FIGURE 3 2 illustrates a hot aisle cold aisle layout Form rows of racks or cabinets perpendicular to air conditioners This formation facilitates an unobstructed flow of heated air down the aisles to the air conditioner return ducts Heated air must not be forced to travel over or between the cabinets to get to the air conditioner return ducts Doing so could heat the air in the cold aisles Ensure that any free standing equipment does not allow air to flow between the hot and cold aisles A cold aisle has perforated floor tiles or grates that enable cold air to rise from the raised floor A hot aisle has no tiles or grates so that hot air and cold air do not mix Seal cable cutouts in both hot aisles and cold aisles to increase underfloor pressure and to eliminate cold or hot air redi
68. ts Chapter 5 lists shipping physical base system configurations electrical environmental rackmounting and clearance for service specifications for the servers It also provides specifications for Sun cabinets Chapter 6 provides a site planning checklist that you can use when planning your data center and preparing for system installations Accessing Sun Documentation You can view print or purchase a broad selection of Sun documentation including localized versions at http www sun com documentation xii Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Related Documentation Application Title Part Number Facility Sun Microsystems Data Center Site Planning Guide 805 5863 planning Enterprise Data Center Design and Methodology See BluePrints URL Configuration Sun Enterprise 250 Server Owner s Guide 805 5160 Sun Fire 280R Server Owner s Guide 806 4806 Sun Fire V480 Server Administration Guide 816 0904 Sun Fire 880 Server Owner s Guide 806 6592 Sun Fire V440 Server Administration Guide 816 7728 Sun Fire V890 Owner s Guide 817 3956 Rackmounting Sun Enterprise 250 Server Rackmounting Guide 805 3611 Sun Fire 280R Server Setup and Rackmounting Guide 806 4805 Sun Fire V480 Server Setup and Rackmounting Guide 816 0902 Sun Fire 880 Server Rackmounting Guide 806 6594 Sun Fire V880 Server Rackmounting Guide for Sun Rack 900 817 2779 Sun Fire V440 Server Installation Guide 816 7727 Sun Fire V440 Serv
69. ty 5 7 kW 5 7 kW 7 6 kW Required Power 2 NEMA L6 30R NEMA L6 30R 4 NEMA L6 20R Receptacles U S US U S 2 IEC309 32A IEC309 32A 4 IEC309 16A International International International 1 This is the theoretical maximum power capacity of the cabinet This number should not be used to calculate power and cooling requirements for your installation Use the combined power consumption figures of the equipment installed in the cabinet instead See TABLE 5 4 TABLE 5 14 Clearance Specifications for Servicing the Rackmounted Sun Systems 250 280R V480 V440 Front 36 in 91 44 cm Rear 36 in 91 44 cm Right 36 in 91 44 cm Left 36 in 91 44 cm Top 36 in 91 44 cm V880 V890 48 in 121 92 cm 36 in 91 44 cm 36 in 91 44 cm 36 in 91 44 cm 36 in 91 44 cm 1 These specifications refer to systems that are fully extended from the rack Chapter 5 System Specifications 49 50 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 CHAPTER 6 Site Planning Checklist TABLE 6 1 organizes the site planning tasks into a checklist that you can use during the site planning process TABLE 6 1 Site Planning Checklist Requirement Completed Task Configuration Yes No Have you determined the hardware configuration for each system Yes No Have you determined the type and number of cabinets and racks you need Yes No Have you determined how you will populate each rack Yes No Have you determined wh
70. ur data center environmental and installation requirements m Installation planning via telephone Sun and customer plan and document the installation schedule resources delivery dates installation dates and system setup requirements m System installation specification Sun maps out the systems installation requirements confirms your installation acceptance criteria and verifies that preinstallation tasks are complete m Installation and configuration of Sun hardware and software Sun performs the following installation tasks Reviews the packing list m Installs all internal and external components m Sets SCSI devices for all drives a Powers up and tests all hardware components Partitions the operating system disk s on defined defaults 2 Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 Installs and configures the Solaris Operating System as an NFS file server a Installs all applicable software patches a Configures system hostname IP address NIS NIS domain and netmask as applicable m Adds heterogeneous file systems support Installs and configures CDE or NFS mount if remote Sets up log host and system controller Installs up to three unbundled software products Sets up standard UNIX mail host and default routes Configures as Domain Name Service client Installation verification Sun performs level 0 backup of system disk s and mails installation data files to app
71. vers current power and cooling requirements In addition to the heat load generated by the servers some cabinets include fans power sequencers and other devices that generate heat Be sure to obtain the heat output values of these devices from your cabinet supplier Also when calculating data center cooling requirements be sure to include heat dissipation for all equipment in the room To determine the heat output and cooling requirements of the rackmounted servers add the Btu or watts for each server in the rack For example if one server is putting out 1000 Btu hr 293 watts and another one is putting out 2000 Btu hr 586 watts the total heat generated is 3000 Btu hr 879 watts The air conditioning equipment then should be properly sized to cool at least 3000 Btu hr 879 watts to accommodate these two systems If you only have wattage measurements and want to obtain the equivalent Btu rating multiply the total wattage by 3 41 to obtain the Btu hr To calculate tons of air conditioning multiply the total wattage by 0 000285 See Calculating Cooling Requirements on page 15 for an example of how to estimate cooling requirements based on the square footage used by the cabinets and racks in the data center Using Rack Location Units to Determine Heat Output and Cooling In the book Enterprise Data Center Design and Methodology by Rob Snevely available at http www sun com books blueprints series html the concept of us
72. vironmental tests are used to ensure that systems are properly installed and laid out within the facility These tests measure the temperature and humidity of the air immediately in front of the systems or cabinets Unacceptable environmental conditions can occur if racks of systems have mixed airflow patterns if cabinets are not properly vented or if high density systems are laid out too closely causing hot spots To measure the temperature and humidity in front of the installed systems follow these guidelines m Take measurements in front of the top middle and bottom system in the rack m Take measurements at the mid point vertically and horizontally at the front of each of the three systems m Take measurements at 2 inches 5 cm from the front of the three systems m If there are three or fewer systems in the rack take measurements at 2 inches 5 cm from the front mid point of each system For example if there are ten servers in the rack measure the temperature and humidity at the mid point of the servers at 2 inches 5 cm from the front of the first fifth and tenth server bottom to top in the rack All temperature and humidity measurements should be within the systems recommended operating ranges If the environmental levels are outside of these ranges data center managers should reevaluate airflow patterns and equipment layout and determine whether the required cold air is available to the systems Chapter 2 Enviro
73. y output capacity The load must be distributed among the outputs in a way that does not exceed their maximum values or the total output capacity of the power supply The servers have built in protection against exceeding the output capacity of the power supply configuration Be sure to consult the server documentation to learn how the servers will react during a power overload Site Planning Guide for Entry Level Servers Version 1 4 September 2004 PCI Bus Power The PCI slots in the Sun servers comply with PCI Local Bus Specification Revision 2 1 The PCI bus in each server is designed to provide 15 watts of power multiplied by the number of PCI slots in the PCI chassis Thus a four slot PCI chassis has a total of 60 watts of power available These 60 watts can be used in any manner that conforms to the PCI standard A single PCI slot can support a card that requires up to 25 watts Here are some examples of how you might populate a four slot PCI chassis m Example 1 You install four 15 watt cards These four 15 watt cards would use up all of the 60 watts of available power in the PCI chassis They would also occupy all four of the available PCI slots m Example 2 You install two 22 watt cards plus one 15 watt card This combination of cards would use 59 watts of the 60 watts available In all probability you would have to leave the fourth slot empty in this example unless you could find a PCI card that required only 1 watt

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