Vehicle Stability Control Systems (ABS, EBD, TCS
Contents
1. ABS Actuator Master cylinder amp Control Unit Primary side Secondary side Primary side VDC switch over valve 1 CV1 Secondary side VDC switch over valve 2 CV2 Mf Mee Primary side VDC switch over A 2 ha A Secondary side VDC switch over valve 1 SV1 valve 2 SV2 nbi Fin xb Flt h F jc Inlet solenoid valve Inlet solenoid valve M LE 9 ED Pump nd A z S Outlet solenoid Outlet solenoid Front RH Front LH valve Rear RH Rear LH valva caliper caliper caliper caliper Braking amp Stability Control System Outputs 1 Pump Motor The pump motor is utilised to create fluid pressure amp then it is applied to any brake unit on a wheel where required The pump is utilised on models with standard ABS systems as well models with additional functions such as stability control VDC amp 4x4 braking control ABLS For example when a vehicle fitted with VDC is cornering amp begins the skid out of control the pump motor is activated so that there is available brake fluid pressure to apply to any given wheel to control the vehicle s stability The driver does NOT have to apply master cylinder pressure to create a braking action in this case 2 Inlet Solenoid The inlet solenoid is controlled in 2 x ways i Remain in a normally open position switched off so that brake fluid is allowed into the2. NISSAN Learning Academy Nissan Australia September 2009 Vehicle Stability Control Systems ABS EBD TCS VDC ABLS HDC HSA amp ABB Foreword The information in this Training Manual should not be interpreted as a basis for warranty or goodwill claims against Nissan Motor Co Australia Pty Ltd NMA unless so designated This Technical Training Manual is intended for use by NMA amp Nissan Dealership Technical Personnel It is not designed for the use by press or for customer distribution Before quoting any specifications be sure to check the relevant Service Manual and Technical Bulletins Right for alteration to data and specifications at any time is reserved Any such alterations will be advised by Nissan through Technical and Sales Bulletins 02009 Nissan Motor Company Australia Pty Ltd Inc Victoria Ref Technical Training Department NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Introduction This Training Manual is designed to detail the different types of systems that offer enhanced vehicle stability control amp off road ability with the use of Braking Control System technology ouch systems are as follows Antilock Braking Systems ABS Electronic Brake force Distribution EBD Traction Control System TCS e Vehicle Dynamic Control VDC Active Brake Limited Slip ABLS e Hill Descent Cont
3. R51 ABB is required for the operation of HSA 6 These systems are an extention to VDC Has to be the latest generation Bosch ESP 8 9 New type H S A Has to be the latest generation Bosch ESP 8 ABB not required 10 Some variants are not fitted with ABS NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM 3 Channel Hydraulic Braking Circuit Configuration A 3 channel Hydraulic Circuit Configuration refers to the hydraulic lines that carry brake fluid under pressure to the wheels In the case of a 3 channel system there are 3 hydraulic lines 2 hydraulic lines for the front wheels 1 line to each individual front wheel amp the 3 remaining hydraulic line is shared between both rear wheels However there still remains 4 x wheel speed sensors If for example the left rear wheel locks but no other wheels do the ABS system will reduce pressure to the rear wheel braking circuit as a whole So BOTH rear wheels will have a reduction of braking pressure to allow the locked left rear wheel to rotate again If one of the front wheels lock then that wheel will individually have it s hydraulic circuit controlled so that the wheel can rotate with a more appropriate braking pressure applied to the brake calliper A 3 channel configuration typically has a standard ABS system linked to it Also EBD is often applied to this type of configuration If it is required to
4. brake unit calliper wheel cylinder from either the brake master cylinder due to the driver pushing the brake pedal or the ABS pump forcing fluid into the brake unit The outlet solenoid however must be in the closed position ii Switched on amp moves to the closed position This will stop fluid pressure being applied to the brake unit If the Outlet solenoid remains closed as well this will keep a hold pressure on the brake unit at the wheel 3 Outlet Solenoid The Outlet solenoid is also controlled in 2 x ways i Remain in a normally closed position switched off so that brake fluid is not allowed to escape from the brake unit calliper wheel cylinder ii Switched on amp moves to the open position This will allow fluid pressure applied to the brake unit to escape Allow the wheel to rotate freely The inlet solenoid should be in the closed position however to stop fluid pressure being applied to the braking unit 4 Primary Switch Over Valves The switch over valves are operated under VDC ABLS amp HDC operating conditions They are designed to stop fluid pressure being forced back into the master cylinder when braking pressure is applied to a brake unit at any wheel under a stability control condition 23 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Active Booster Solenoid Braking amp Stability Control System Outputs 5 Active B
5. circumstances or a panic situation 7T Master Cylinder Pressure Sensor 2 Rear This additional pressure sensor is utilised for the same PEA reason as the main sensor only it is applied to the Assy secondary hydraulic circuit It is an input required for the operation of the Active Brake Booster Hill Start Assist function The sensor is mounted on a hydraulic junction block in front of the ABS Actuator unit This sensor can actually detect the brake pedal stroke Both the distance the pedal has been pushed amp the rate of pedal travel Have the brakes been applied under normal braking circumstances or a panic situation Rear Brake Pressure Sensor 8 TCS OFF Switch This switch is a momentary contact switch It indicates to the system that the driver requires no Traction Control functionality Front Brake Pressure Sensor TCS reverts back to normal operation once the ignition is TCS TCS OFF switch switched off amp then back on again The operation of the switch will illuminate the orange coloured TCS OFF light on the instrument cluster OFF 19 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Braking amp Stability Control System Inputs 9 VDC ESP OFF Switch This switch is a momentary contact switch It indicates to the system that the driver requires no Vehicle Stability Control functionality VDC ESP VDC reverts back to normal operation once the igni
6. slow the rotational speed of the wheel slow the vehicle down A 4 channel braking configuration typically has a standard ABS EBD system linked to it However additional systems such as TCS VDC ABLS amp HDC systems that require a 4 channel braking configuration are typically included due to the requirement of individual braking control on each wheel These additional systems will vary model to model RHF Wheel Speed Sensor Instrument Cluster Decel G Sensor 1 y I xS Steering Angle RIEN RHR Wheel Sensor f Speed Sensor cJ i Yaw Side LF LHR Wheel lc E LECCE LE MEM UL SEC I Speed Sensor Electrical Line LHF Wheel Speed Sensor Brake hydraulic line Individual hydraulic circuits are linked to each brake calliper located at each wheel There are 4 channels one for each of the 4 wheels with their own braking mechanism NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Vehicle Stability General Principles To ensure the driver is maintains vehicle complete otarting vehicle control numerous systems are now available TCS ABLS in order to achieve this Traditionally the Anti lock Braking System ABS was designed to offer stability for braking situations only under conditions when the brake pedal is being applied Turning d Turning The next Vehicle Stability de
7. the tone wheel Ensure that all wheel sizes are correct 2 ABS Power amp Ground Connections Ensure that the main ABS actuator ground connection is clean amp tight Typically a poor ABS ground will cause CAN related DTC s amp other intermittent faults Ensure that all relays amp fusible links are securely connected amp connections are clean amp tight 3 Steering Wheel Angle Neutral Position setting VDC ESP only Ensure that this is correctly reset via CONSULT in Work Support Typically this should be carried out after any front end repairs wheel alignment etc For R51 this is required after a battery disconnection 4 Calibration of Decel G Sensor R51 with VDC only Ensure that this is correctly reset via CONSULT in Work Support Typically this should be carried out when carrying out an inspection on the operation of hill descent control amp or hill start assist 5 Correct Adjustment Setting of Brake Pedal amp Brake Pedal Switches Numerous problems related to the operation of the braking system both hydraulically amp electrically can occur if the brake pedal free play brake pedal stopper clearance stop lamp amp or ASCD cut switches are not set correctly Use Data Monitor Engine as well as Data Monitor ABS to determine correct switch operation Refer to the Service Manual for correct pedal height free play adjustments Ensure stop lamps are operating correctly 6 Gear Position Inputs Nu
8. ABLS HDC HSA ABB _ ves ves vs vs vs vs YES YES YES YES YES YES TES AE ves ves ves ves ves ves ves7 ves ves ves emen ss Ee ee EEE ves es ves pres tC ILL ws ves ves ves a ves ves S ves ves ves gt l1 1 l1 L Ll ves a 1 If Brake Fluid level is low If Park Brake is applied If there is a ABS system failure 2 Only if ABS related fault is detected 3 If VDC ESP OFF or TCS OFF switch is pressed once there will only be one or the other If vehicle is operated in 4Lo or LOCK where applicable If VDC ESP TCS related fault is detected 4 Flashing Wheel speed control being applied to 1 or more wheels Constant ON If TCS VDC related fault is detected 5 Flashing Will not operate Constant ON HDC is prepared for operation OFF Switch is OFF 6 The Yaw Side Decel G Sensor is the PRIMARY INPUT for the operation of these systems It detects how steep the gradient is and what direction the vehicle is pointing on the gradient 7 For T31 only T31 does not have an ABB 8 Excludes J31 amp T31 9 ABS equipped Y61 amp D22 externally located J10 w out VDC amp D40 located internal of ABS C U Hill Start Assist does NOT have any switches involved for it s operation It is applied at all times provided the Yaw Side Decel G Sensor can detect a gradient of more than 5 amp the gear lever is in the approriate g
9. DC vehicle VDC not fitted VDC vehicle VDC not fitted Left hand brakes Vehicle yaws clockwise and holds its y Vehicle rotates Vehicle oversteers applied under d about its vertical as it corners VDC control Vehicle understeers axis Yaw as it corners NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Enhanced Understeer Control EUC Enhanced Understeer Control will AUTOMATICALLY apply the brakes to all 4 wheels in order to reduce the overall vehicle speed and bring the lateral acceleration below the limit required by the tyres to maintain grip when the vehicle is cornering or the vehicle is changing it s direction In other words if the steering wheel is suddenly turned due to a tighter than expected bend in the road at a certain speed or higher the system will recognise that the speed is too high for the amount of turn applied to the steering wheel amp the VDC If the steering is turned sharply at a given Control Unit will automatically apply braking speed all brakes will apply evenly to pressure to all wheels to slow the vehicle down so slow the vehicle that it can be better prepared to handle the corner 10 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM ICE D Ho Cy Oe D La More force is applied to the A Po wheels on the High Friction s
10. applying the brake i The maximum holding time is 2 seconds After 2 seconds the vehicle will begin to roll back and hill a eo P applied start assist will stop operating completely Le To apply braking pressure on the brake master cylinder A Ace oodal without driver input an electrically controlled solenoid attached to the brake booster assembly fully opens up Becca Badal the atmospheric pressure port in the booster which acts x Pie stays in place on the master cylinder to provide maximum hydraulic i8 pressure at the brakes ae yn M wi Do not touch Hill Start Assist HSA Type 2 Vf Accel Pedal Models without Active Brake Booster E arr E dA Type 2 operates in the same manner however brake ns Automatically pressure is held at the wheels via the pressure being 7 J Release trapped at the brakes via the ABS Inlet amp Outlet Tha solenoids eu 7 1 Accelerate The drivers brake pedal effort is required to initiate the gp vehicle to move brake pressure Once the vehicle has stopped amp meets the same conditions as the type 1 system the Outlet Solenoid remains closed amp the inlet solenoid also closes J to keep the pressure at the brakes for the 2 3 second Vehicle drives period Then the Solenoids open to gradually release the pressure 9 off normally NOTE for Types 1 amp 2 HSA will NOT operate when the selector lever is shifted to N or P or on a flat and level road HSA will NOT operate if t
11. ation from the steering angle sensor which measures speed of turning amp actual angle of the Steering Wheel brake pedal operation from the stop lamp switch amp brake master cylinder pressure information from the Yaw Side Decel G Sensor and the speed of each individual wheel from the 4 x wheel speed sensors With these inputs the VDC judges the driving condition conditions of under steer and over steer amp then it has the ability to improve stability by individually controlling brake application to the most appropriate of the 4 wheels and controlling engine power output Correction of the vehicle stability is achieved in a similar manner that small earth moving vehicles achieve a steering effect i e Bobcats The vehicle is forced pivot on an axis given that only 1 side of the vehicle is being braked During VDC operation the orange coloured SLIP indicator lamp on the instrument cluster flashes to inform driver of VDC operation NOTE A 4 channel Hydraulic braking Circuit Configuration is required for VDC operation Models that only have a 3 channel braking configuration are unable to utilise this technology VDC vehicle VDC not fitted VDC vehicle VDC not fitted Cornering Cornering Lane change Lane change 4 ES S Right rear m brake applied Ea Left hand brake Eco becomes cj Vehicle pivot s around on appl led and unstable and the braking RHR wheel Car understeers car straighte ns flat spin S V
12. check function 25 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Normal Incidences which May Cause Customer Complaint ABS All Variants e When starting engine or just after starting vehicle brake pedal may vibrate or the motor operating noise may be heard from engine room This is a normal state of the operation check During ABS operation brake pedal lightly viorates and a mechanical noise may be heard This is normal e Stopping distance may be longer than that of vehicles without ABS when vehicle is driven on rough surfaces loose gravel or snow covered fresh deep snow roads TCS During TCS operation body and brake pedal lightly vibrate and mechanical noises may be heard This is normal Depending on road circumstances driver may sense a sluggish engine response This is normal because optimum traction achieved by reducing engine power has highest priority under TCS operation When vehicle is passing through a road where surface friction coefficient varies downshifting or depressing accelerator pedal fully may activate TCS temporarily VDC During VDC operation body and brake pedal lightly vibrate and mechanical noise may be heard This is normal f vehicle is rotated on turn table or rolled and rocked on a ship or vehicle transport ferry ABS warning lamp VDC OFF indicator lamp and SLIP indicator lamp may turn on In
13. d in 4L The orange coloured SLIP lamp on the instrument cluster will flash whenever ABLS is functioning NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Hill Descent Control HDC 4x4 models with 4 Channel HCC only The Hill Descent Control HDC system helps to maintain vehicle speed when driving under 25 35 km h on steep downhill grades HDC is useful when engine braking alone in 4H or 4L cannot control vehicle speed HDC automatically applies the vehicle brakes to control vehicle speed allowing the driver to concentrate on steering while reducing the burden of brake and accelerator operation NOTE A 4 channel Hydraulic Circuit Configuration is required for HDC operation Models that only have a 3 channel configuration are unable to utilise this technology When braking is required on steep downhill roads simply activate the HDC system by switching the dash mounted switch ON Once the system is activated the orange coloured indicator light in the instrument cluster will remain constantly on if all conditions are met see right for more detail If 1 or more of the conditions are not met the system will stop operating temporarily The indicator light flashes to warn the driver that conditions are not met for the HDC to operate As soon as all conditions are once again met the HDC system is ready to function again Indicator light on inst
14. ear a gear that opposes the direction the vehicle intends to roll 16 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Braking amp Stability Control System Inputs LZ SA ASCD 1 Stop Lamp Switch This is a critical input for all types of Braking amp Stability Control Systems This switch is an indication of the drivers intentions in order for the system to be prepared for the most appropriate type of braking amp or stability control Stop lamp switch 2 Wheel Speed Sensors There are currently 2 types of wheel speed sensors in use across the model range i Tone Wheel Type Sensor Control unit sends electric power to a sensor detection circuit The sensor detects the rotation by using a semi conductor that changes the resistance value by the contact from magnetic lines of force These are typically used on rear wheels Moving time of one tooth 7mA Tone wheel type 7 Magnetic lines of force ii Magnetic Encoder Type Sensor The speed of rotation is detected by the use of an IC in the sensing portion and a magnetic rotor Power is supplied to the sensing circuit to read magnetic lines of force and the magnetic force is sensed electrically and converted to an electrical signal When the sensor rotor turns the magnetic field changes The change is converted to an electrical signal and transmitted to the ABS actuator control un
15. ected amp the vehicle is therefore stabilised It can also detect the level of gradient how steep the vehicle is on to assist with Hill Start Assist amp Hill Decent Control functionality This Sensor is typically located in the centre of the vehicle under the centre console Steering angle sensor 5 Steering Wheel Angle Sensor This input is important for VDC The intended direction of Q c actual direction of the vehicle by the Control Unit The appropriate braking is applied to the necessary wheels in The rate speed that the wheel is being turned is also a o gt z monitored A 7 7 SS We ry the driver steering wheel angle is checked against the N 7 order to correct the vehicles direction of travel o 5 Le Jey Spiral cable Steering angle sensor connector 18 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Braking amp Stability Control System Inputs 6 Master Cylinder Pressure Sensor Front This is utilised so that the system can detect the drivers braking effort Pressure applied to the brake pedal The sensor is either mounted directly on the Brake Master Cylinder pictured right or it is internally located in the ABS VDC actuator This sensor can actually detect the brake pedal stroke Both the distance the pedal has been pushed amp the rate of pedal travel Have the brakes been applied under normal braking
16. have additional systems such as TCS VDC ABLS amp HDC a 4 channel configuration will be required This is due to the requirement of individual braking control on each wheel Electrical Line RHF Wheel Speed Sensor Brake hydraulic line Brake Fluid ABS Malfunction e level Warning Warning a ee T UCENED Instrument Cluster RHR Wheel Speed Sensor LHR Wheel ee a Speed Sensor E There is only 1 outlet from the ABS actuator LHF Wheel Speed Sensor for the rear This is the 3 9 Channel gue un A ee ee u ee ee ee AD AD ee a NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM 4 Channel Hydraulic Braking Circuit Configuration As is the case with a 3 channel configuration discussed previously a 4 channel braking configuration system refers to the hydraulic lines that carry brake fluid under pressure to the wheels In this case there are 4 hydraulic lines 2 hydraulic lines for the front wheels amp 2 hydraulic lines for the rear wheels As is the case with a 3 channel system there are 4 x wheel speed sensors Therefore for example if the left rear wheel locks but no other wheels do the ABS system will reduce pressure to the left rear wheel ONLY ALL of the remaining wheels continue to receive the full amp or appropriate amount of braking pressure required to
17. he gear position matches the intended rolling direction Will not operate if the vehicle is pointing down the hill amp the gear lever is in DRIVE for example Full vacuum needs to be applied to the Brake Booster for HSA to work Therefore the engine must be running Type 1 onl Type 1 only 15 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Input amp Output Component Application Chart INPUTS Sensors Switches ABLS top Lamp Switch Wheel Speed Sensors On each wheel Decel G Sensor 9 Steering Wheel Angle Sensor Master Cylinder Pressure Sensor 2 R51 onl TCS OFF Switch N Swit el n MM OUTPUTS Actuators BS Pump Motor Master Cylinder Pressure Sensor 8 Outlet Solenoid on each channel ccelerator Pedal Activit rimary amp Secondry Switch Over Valves Active Booster Solenoid R51 onl Rear Stop Lamps Rela Engine Torque Reduction Request Signal 2 ABS Waming Lamp BA is a mechanical device installed inside the brake booster Electrical sensors actuators are not required for its operation F ves ves ves ves ves ves Yes IE RT EET ER ERE LLL ws T Tess ves s L L Lws vs Tes ves ves ves a es a ERE ee a vs ves ves ves 1 wes ves ves ves ves res vest vest 1 Ss eS eS eS ABS EBD TCS VDC
18. ide in t Hes this case RH side because ABLS Conventional final drive design cannot apply drive to the wheels on the High friction side Drive from the trans mission is sent to the wheel s with the least amount of Traction Braking torque applied by ABLS to wheels with faster rotation speed Applied to wheels which are spinning on j li urf Nhee slig slippery surface More driving force is now applied to wheels with more friction Rotation of wheel on surface with more grip will acheive movement of the vehicle Active Brake Limited Slip ABLS 4x4 models with 4 Channel HCC only There are cases where 4x4 models do not have the availability of a rear Limited Slip Differential LSD Therefore a system needs to be in place in order to force drive onto a wheel which has the best traction grip possible in the given circumstance ABLS has been developed to effectively provide LSD to both front amp rear final drive s Therefore enhancing the vehicles Off Road capability NOTE A 4 channel Hydraulic Circuit Configuration is required for ABLS operation Models that only have a 3 channel braking configuration are unable to utilise this technology If the vehicle is on a surface where loss of wheel traction is likely snow mud gravel grass area etc ABLS can sense that 1 or more of the wheels has lost traction amp simply apply the brake to the individual wheel in order to slow it s rotational speed sto
19. it The change of the magnetic field is proportional to the wheel speed The Magnetic type allows for a smaller size and the weight is reduced These are typically used on front wheels Magnetic rotor 17 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Braking amp Stability Control System Inputs 3 Decel G Sensor Single Axis G Sensor Under a braking situation the Decel G Sensor can detect the rate of speed loss how fast the vehicle is slowing down If the rate is slow this would indicate that the vehicle is braking on a low friction road surface gravel for example The sensor can indicate that the cycle rate of the ABS is not suitable for the road conditions therefore the cycling rate is changed in order to improve the braking ability on such a surface This Sensor is typically located in the centre of the vehicle under the centre console Do NOT confuse this sensor with the below discussed Yaw Side Decel G Sensor 4 Yaw Side Decel G Sensor Tri Axis G Sensor This sensor has additional capabilities over the Decel G sensor It can detect the rate of speed loss as well as the turning direction of the vehicle vs actual direction of vehicle travel With this information the VDC Control Unit can determine what actions it needs to take what wheel wheels to apply braking to for example so that the vehicles direction can be corr
20. ition A T models The system will require an indication of the vehicle being in gear amp from that the intended direction of travel amp if the vehicle is actually being driven This is a critical input for the operation of Hill Start Assist amp Hill Descent Control 21 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Braking amp Stability Control System Inputs 13 4WD Mode Switch The system will require an indication of the 4WD mode the vehicle is being operated in In 4LO for example ABLS will operated but the VDC system is switched OFF 14 Accelerator Pedal The system will require an indication of the drivers intention on driving the vehicle amp the power required In some electronically controlled 4x4 models primarily R51 amp D40 the pedal sensitivity is REDUCED when the vehicle is operated in 4LO 15 Engine Speed Engine speed is monitored amp the system can tailor a more suitable engine power output for the given condition For Petrol Engine models the Electric Throttle Actuator is controlled appropriately The throttle control overrides the drivers wishes for engine power For Diesel Engine models fuel quantity amp fuel injection timing is controlled appropriately 22 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM n
21. merous problems can occur on vehicles fitted with VDC HDC HSA can occur if the system does not receive the correct gear position signals Use Data Monitor to ensure that all gear position signals are being input correctly of
22. n control whilst stopping are challenged However with further advancements in braking control technology the simple action of applying brakes to wheels WITHOUT input from the driver to control the vehicles speed down steep hills or to simply apply brakes to one wheel or perhaps 2 wheels that have lost traction can GREATLY enhance the vehicles Off Road ability NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Electronic Braking System Technology Application Y61 Patrol ST ST S ST L Ti 10 Hec RR ARS EBD eS NEN ER ee LLL d R51 Pathfinder ST L Ti2008 09MY u T 4CH 5 HesABB YES ves ves ves ves ves ves ves R51 Pathfinder ST L 2008 09MY WT 4CH 5 HasABB YES ves ves ves ves ves ves R51 Pathfinder ST 2008 09MY A 4CH 5 yes ves ves ves ves ves R51 Pathfinder ST L Ti2007MY A T 4CH 5 HasABB YES YES ves ves Yes ves ves Yes R51 Pathfinder ST L 2007MY MIT 4cH 5 ves ves ves ves ves vs R51 Pathfinder ST L Ti2005 oemy al 4CH 5 ves ves ves ves ves ves R51 Pathfinder ST 2005 07MY 3cH 4 ves vs ves TT J D40 Navara All 10 3CH EE YES D22 Navara YD25 2WD D22 Navara YD25 4WD 10 Z51 Murano All 4CH 5 yes ves ves ves ves Y Z50 Murano Al 4CH 5 Yes ves ves
23. ol Unit monitors brake fluid pressure in the hydraulic circuit If a sharp increase in pressure is suddenly detected this would indicate that the driver has applied the pedal in a panic situation The ABS Control Unit interprets these signals as a request for an immediate increase in braking force It actuates the solenoid inside the booster This in turn fully opens up the atmospheric pressure port in the booster which quickly acts on the master cylinder to provide maximum hydraulic pressure at the brakes The Active Brake Booster is also able to hold the brakes on without brake pedal input This is an especially useful feature for the Hill Start Assist feature ABB is NEVER fitted to models without VDC 14 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Hill Start Assist HSA Type 1 Models fitted with Active Brake Booster Vehicle models fitted with the Active Brake Booster ABB system have the availability of Hill Start Assist The HSA system automatically keeps the brakes applied to help prevent the vehicle from rolling backwards in the time it takes the driver to release the brake pedal and apply the accelerator when the vehicle is stopped on a hill HSA will operate automatically under the following conditions he selector lever is in a forward or reverse gear The vehicle is stopped completely on a hill gradient of 5 or more by
24. ontrol Systems F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM ABS Control Unit Anti lock Braking System ABS 4x4 amp non 4x4 models with 3 amp 4 Ch HCC The Anti lock Brake System is a function that detects wheel revolution while braking and it improves handling stability during sudden braking by preventing any of the 4 wheels provided the wheel is supplied brake fluid pressure individually from locking The braking pressure on each front wheel is separately controlled however there maybe cases where the rear wheels are controlled at the same rate of braking pressure 3 channel braking circuit regardless of whether 1 or both rear wheels have locked ABS can be applied to a vehicle with a 3 or 4 channel Hydraulic Circuit Configuration Electronic Brake force Distribution EBD EBD Effectiveness 4x4 amp non 4x4 models with 3 amp 4 Ch HCC ght lose EBD is a function built into the ABS system that detects Ex subtle slippages between the front and rear wheels during braking It improves handling stability by electrically controlling the brake fluid pressure which results in reduced rear tyre slippage EBD eliminates the need for the installation of a Load rear brake force Sensing Valve LSV in passenger carrying models such same as 1 as Y61 wagon Oy pA NO additional devices or sensors are installed on EBD 3 Heavy load equipped vehicles It is simply a logic programmed into with EBD front brake force rear brake force
25. ooster Solenoid The Solenoid is activated to apply booster pressure to the master cylinder without driver input An electrically controlled solenoid attached to the brake booster assembly fully opens up the atmospheric pressure port in the booster which acts on the master cylinder to provide maximum hydraulic pressure at the brakes The solenoid is mounted on the front of the brake booster just below where the Brake Master Cylinder mounts 6 Rear Stop Lamp Relay The relay is operated to illuminate the stop lamps when the HDC is functioning d ON 7 Engine Torque Reduction Signal In the case of Petrol engine models the Electric Throttle unit is operated appropriately and engine power output is reduced In the case of Diesel engine models fuel injection is controlled appropriately 24 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Brake warning ABS warning TCS OFF indicator VDC OFF indicator SLIP indicator HDC indicator lamp lamp lamp lamp lamp lamp TCS VDC amp 2 oda Braking amp Stability Control System Outputs 8 Brake Warning Lamp This light will switch on for the following 3 reasons Hand Brake is applied e Brake fluid level is low e Ignition ON engine not running bulb check function 9 ABS Warning Lamp This light will switch on for the following 2 reasons e An ABS related fault ha
26. p it spinning In turn this action forces drive through the final drive unit to the opposing wheel which was not spinning Given that this wheel was not spinning this would indicate that it is on a surface with more traction therefore allowing rotational force to be applied to a wheel that can gain traction thus allowing the vehicle to move in the desired direction Essentially ABLS is the same as a Traction Control System TCS however it s applied to all 4 wheels R51 Pathfinder 4WD Operation Variants fitted with 4 Channel HCC only ABLS has different operating modes dependant on the position of the dash mounted 4WD Selector Switch 2WD amp AUTO Position ABLS is NOT activated Normal Traction Control TCS takes place in the event of traction loss to a wheel Therefore Engine Torque maybe reduced in order to maintain stability 4H Position ABLS is activated if slip is detected from a standing start or very low vehicle speed condition Engine Torque control is NOT activated 4LO Position ABLS is activated if slip is detected from a standing start or very low vehicle speed condition Engine Torque control is NOT activated However a revised Throttle Strategy less sensitive accelerator pedal strategy is applied NOTE Wheel slip is detected earlier than it is in 4H mode The orange coloured VDC OFF light will illuminate on the instrument cluster This indicates that the VDC system has been deactivated when the vehicle is operate
27. re Braking force 0 Solenoid valve NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Traction Control System TCS 4x4 amp non 4x4 models with 4 Ch HCC only The Control Unit detects a wheel spin at either or both of the drive wheels by comparing wheel speed signals from all 4 wheels At this time output from ABS Control Unit controls brake fluid pressure to wheels applies brake to spinning wheel while cutting fuel to engine amp or closing throttle valve dependant on engine type to reduce engine torque Furthermore engine power is continuously controlled to ensure appropriate engine torque is applied to the driveline at all times During TCS operation it informs the driver of system operation by flashing the orange coloured SLIP indicator lamp on the instrument cluster There are cases where only TCS is applied to the vehicle model instead of the complete stability control system VDC NOTE A 4 channel Hydraulic Circuit Configuration is required for TCS operation Models that only have a 3 channel braking configuration are unable to utilise this technology NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Vehicle Dynamic Control VDC 4x4 amp non 4x4 models with 4 Ch HCC only In addition to TCS ABS function VDC detects driver s steering oper
28. rol HDC Brake Assist BA This is mechanical only e Active Brake Booster ABB Hill Start Assist HSA e Enhanced Understeer Control EUC There may at times be cases where VDC is otherwise referred to as the following e ESP Electronic Stability Program e ESC Electronic Stability Control Braking Stability Control Technology Vehicles without Off Road Ability Passenger vehicles such as C11 Tiida amp J31 Maxima have varying levels of braking control amp vehicle stability control systems fitted to them Refer to the chart over the page for more detail For such vehicles normal on road driving conditions can place the vehicle in a situation where the vehicles direction or it s ability to stop or maintain control whilst stopping are challenged Even simple systems such as Anti Lock Brakes ABS can greatly improve the chances for the driver to avoid a SERIOUS collision Additional systems such as Stability Control VDC ESP can further increase the drivers ability to avoid an accident even when the brake pedal is NOT applied Vehicles with Off Road Ability All Wheel Drive amp true Four Wheel Drive vehicles also have varying levels of braking control amp vehicle Stability control systems Refer to the chart over the page for more detail For such vehicles once again normal on road driving conditions can place the vehicle in a situation where the vehicles direction or it s ability to stop or maintai
29. rument cluster remains on constantly NOTE HDC will only operate with the gear lever in a Forward gear 1st only on T31 MT or Reverse gear HOWEVER if the vehicle is pointing down the hill amp then the lever is in reverse HDC will NOT operate HDC indicator light will flash The gear selection must match the vehicles intended direction of travel Otherwise HDC will NOT operate HDC will NOT operate in Neutral Braking is applied to individual wheels dependant on wheel slip rate wheel speeds The braking pressure is supplied by the activation of the ABS actuator motor amp solenoids Braking pressure is NOT supplied via pressure being applied to the brake booster 12 HDC Operating Conditions Warning light is on amp NOT flashing repeatedly The dash mounted HDC switch is in the ON position The vehicle is on more than a 1096 approx gradient The 4WD selector switch is in the 4H 4L or LOCK position e f the accelerator or brake pedal is fully released he vehicle is in a gear that matches the intended rolling direction of the vehicle HDC NON Operating Conditions Warning light is flashing repeatedly The vehicle is on less than a 6 approx gradient e The 4WD selector switch is NOT in the 4H 4L or LOCK position e f the accelerator or brake pedal is applied The vehicle is in a gear that does NOT match the intended rolling direction of the vehicle he gear lever is in Park Ne
30. s been detected e Ignition ON engine not running bulb check function 10 TCS OFF Warning Lamp This light will switch on for the following 3 reasons e An ABS TCS related fault has been detected e The TCS OFF switch has been pressed once e Ignition ON engine not running bulb check function 11 VDC OFF Warning Lamp or ESP OFF This light will switch on for the following 4 reasons e An ABS VDC related fault has been detected e The VDC OFF switch has been pressed once The 4LO position on the 4WD mode switch has been selected where applicable e Ignition ON engine not running bulb check function 12 SLIP Warning Lamp This light will switch on for the following 4 reasons e An ABS TCS related fault has been detected stays on constantly A wheel slip spin condition is being detected flashes he vehicle is in an unstable driving condition so engine torque reduction amp braking is being applied to 1 or more wheel s e Ignition ON engine not running bulb check function 13 HDC on Warning Lamp Light will switch on for the following 2 reasons e The HDC switch is in the ON Position the 4WD switch is in the 4H or 4LO position the vehicle is on a suitable enough gradient the transmission is in gear amp the accelerator pedal amp brake pedal is NOT applied NOTE If the HDC switch is on but the other conditions stated are not met the light will flash repeatedly e Ignition ON engine not running bulb
31. t Traditionally it can be quite hazardous to apply too much brake especially in slippery conditions now however with ABS it is more ideal to apply maximum braking effort in order to trigger ABS activity to occur BA will ensure that a sudden application of maximum brake pressure to the wheels will occur this in turn causes the wheel to lock easily The locked wheel is sensed by the ABS system amp therefore the ABS system takes full control of braking on the wheels Overrides the pressure from the master cylinder regardless of how much pressure it is out putting 13 Brake Booster Output Pe SH Ts j zi fom ra i H J k p i T ARS Qneratinn Fana S ABS E person Zone 7 Mechanical 2 Step Assist Conventional Serena Brake Booster Point Effects of Brake Assist Input to Brake Booster Pedal Effort Characteristics Diagram NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Active Brake Booster ABB 4x4 models with VDC Like BA this feature assists with applying maximum possible booster assistance to the master cylinder with minimal brake pedal effort In this case the ABS module operates a solenoid to ng open the vacuum release chamber instead of the eS compression of a spring allowing a sleeve to move Pressure Sensor forward amp open the chamber to the atmosphere The ABS Contr
32. the ABS control unit l e If both the rear wheels are larger than 1 rotating at the same slower speed than the front wheels then this indicates to the ABS C U that the rear of the vehicle has no weight in it therefore tyre traction on the road is not ideal for braking therefore pressure to the rear wheels is evenly reduced in the same manner an LSV would do EBD can be applied to a vehicle with a 3 or 4 channel Hydraulic Circuit Configuration NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM ABS Wheel Slip Activity Chart The chart demonstrates the result of the wheel slipping amp what devices act to ensure the wheel remains unlocked Vehicle body speed Vehicle wheel rotation speed m km h ll eee oes ee ees Vehicle wheel speed Wheel sensor output signal Speed False vehicle speed signal Slip judgement value Wheel rotation speed signal Calculated internal signal 0 Vehicle wheel acceleration speed N A na Microcomputer Wheel rotation acceleration deceleration ON ON Outlet OFF a es ae tees nee ABS actuator motor ON LM ji TT ABS actuator rela ON circuit actuator roles Master cylinder pressure Wheel cylinder pressu
33. this case start engine on normal road again If ABS warning lamp VDC OFF indicator lamp and SLIP indicator lamp turn off after restart itis normal e When under rapid acceleration or hard turn conditions operating noise by brake pedal is generated due to momentary activation of TCS amp or VDC This is not malfunction because TCS and VDC are functioning normally e When driving on a steep slope such as an embankment ABS warning lamp VDC OFF indicator lamp and SLIP indicator lamp may turn on In this case start engine on normal road again If ABS warning lamp VDC OFF indicator lamp and SLIP indicator lamp turn off after restart it is normal A malfunction code orientating around Yaw Side Decel G Sensor may occur under hard turn like spin turn rapid acceleration turn drift run ete when VDC function is OFF VDC OFF switch is in ON position This is not malfunction if it is possible to return to a normal position after restarting engine It will however be necessary to erase the memory of self diagnosis 26 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Typical Service amp Trouble Diagnosis Procedures 1 Wheel Speed Sensors Ensure they are mounted securely amp the wiring amp connectors are not damaged e Ensure that the tone wheel is not damaged amp is mounted securely Ensure that no metallic material debris is caught on
34. tion is switched off amp then back on again Off Switch The operation of the switch will illuminate the orange coloured VDC ESP OFP light on the instrument cluster 10 HDC on Switch C HDC switch This switch is a permanent contact 2 stage switch It indicates to the system that the driver requires HDC functionality The operation of the switch will illuminate the orange coloured HDC light on the instrument cluster If there is a condition that does not satisfy the proper operation of HDC the light will constantly flash 20 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Braking amp Stability Control System Inputs 11a PNP Switch amp Back up Lamp Switches R51 M T Models The system will require an indication of the vehicle being in gear amp from that the intended direction of travel amp if the vehicle is actually being driven This is a critical input for the operation of Hill Start Assist amp Hill Descent Control 11b 1st Gear PNP Switch amp Back up Lamp Switches T31 M T Models The system will require an indication of the vehicle being in gear amp from that the intended direction of travel amp if the vehicle is actually being driven This is a critical input for the operation of Hill Start Assist amp Hill Descent Control 1 PNP Switch 2 Back up Lamp Switch 3 1st Gear Switch 12 Gear Lever Pos
35. utral or gear other than 15 gear T31 MT Overall vehicle speed is above 35km h NOTE If the HDC switch is in the OFF position the light will NOT be illuminated amp the system Will NOT be activated under any circumstance NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability Control Systems Nissan Australia September 2009 F BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM Brake Assist BA 4x4 amp non 4x4 models with ABS VDC This system is a simple mechanical device installed inside the Brake Booster It is designed to compliment an ABS braking system however ABS does not necessarily require BA to be installed on a vehicle BA is NEVER fitted to models without ABS Under a panic braking situation the action of quickly applying the brake pedal actually compresses a spring amp as a result a valve is opened which in turn releases the vacuum to the brake pedal side of the booster Atmospheric pressure is now on the brake pedal side of the booster but vacuum remains on the master cylinder side of the booster As a result a higher force is applied to the brake master cylinder That force being the force of the driver pressing the brake pedal combined with the force of the booster pushing against the master cylinder due to imbalance of vacuum inside the booster BA is designed to amplify the brake pedal effort given by the driver This is an especially useful feature for drivers who do not have the physical strength to apply a hard braking effor
36. velopment was Traction VDC VDC Control System TCS This utilised the ability of braking on an individual wheel WITHOUT brake pedal input from the driver in order to stop a spinning wheel At the same time the system had other mechanisms in place to reduce Engine Torque i e mechanical override of throttle Braking ABS EBD HDC Now new technology takes vehicle stability control a step further with the development VDC The system can now detect the direction the vehicle is actually moving Yaw Side Decel G Sensor amp compare with brake pedal amp steering wheel activity From the activity of these 3 items VDC can detect a loss of control situation panic situation amp make an attempt to correct the situation correct vehicle stability CAUTIONS for VDC e Itis NOT possible for VDC to overcome the laws of gravity Therefore it may still be possible for loss of vehicle control in extreme circumstances e Modified suspension Exhaust systems brakes wheels amp tyres can affect the option of VDC Typically such modifications will result in the illumination of the orange VDC OFF amp SLIP lamps on the instrument cluster e If snow chains are fitted to the wheels this will also result in the illumination of the orange VDC OFF amp SLIP lamps on the instrument cluster e When driving in deep snow mud sand conditions switch the VDC OFF 5 NISSAN Learning Academy Vehicle Stability C
37. ves ves Y T31 X TRAIL All 4cH 5 ves ves ves ves ves T30 X TRAIL All on s vs es es 1 l1 J10 Dualis 2WD 4cH 5 yes ves ves ves ves J10 Dualis ST AWD Ti AWD 4cH 5 ves ves ves ves ves ves J10 Dualis ST AWD 2007 08MY y 234 370Z 4cH 5 ves ves ves ves ves Z33 3502 Track 233 350Z Touring 4CH 4 ves ves ves vs J32 Maxima All 4cH 5 ves ves ves ves ves J31 Maxima All 4CH 5 ves ves ves ves ves C11 Tiida All 10 4cH 4 ves ves ves K12 Micra 4cH 4 ves ves vs 1 HCC Hydraulic braking Circuit Configuration 3 or 4 Channel 2 Refers to the amount of Wheel Speed amp G Sensors fitted 3 3 x Wheel Speed Sensors only Rear wheel speed taken from diff pinion 4 4 x Wheel Speed Sensors only 9 4 x Wheel Speed Sensors amp either a Decel G Sensor or Yaw Side Decel G Sensor is fitted 3 BA is NOT an electrically controlled system It is a mechanical device located inside the Brake Booster Fitted to ABS amp or VDC equipped vehicles ONLY 4 ABS amp EBD can be utilised with a 3 or 4 channel Hydraulic braking Circuit Configuration 5 TCS VDC ABLS HDC amp EUC specifically require a 4 channel Hydraulic braking Circuit Configuration B ABLS amp HDC are 4x4 vehicle specific systems f For 2007 2008 MY
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