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1. ades 67 8 8 Liaison between sampling team and sample 67 Chapter 9 Sample receipt inspection tracking and shipment 69 JMREGU QUIS d Rr 69 9 2 Shipment of samples to analytical laboratories cccccesssseeceecececcceeeeeeeeeeeeaeaaeeeeseeeeeees 70 22s PICKIN 70 9 2 2 Sample inspection administration ID confirmation 70 22 9 d ple vestiti E Res deu LL iet ore 71 D 2b GON a eee e ed oie ue 71 2 2 9 2 CONUS SMI PIN oct 72 9 3 Communication between sample control and 72 QE Shorten sample SIOLAG Guo Aa E O 12 9 5 anal Sample dispos NON sie retra 72 Chapter 10 Surface soil eere X uS Roa Nea Eu oen Ee 75 LOST Prioro Deme dispac NGG cos cca ai ET Eo SR URETE IR ERU TEA ure n ub 75 10 2 Xt there SUEVE y UNI aac eei tesa Is vie Fri Deva Ed 76 10 5 buidance Tor SDeCIHCc SOIL Vy Pes cup asset Cua D Pu vedi td ita ee 77 10 3 1 Sampling in dry loose and sandy 50115 74 IO Ld HOO c iei EDS o ERE ERE ES MEER o
2. ecce eere eee eee 115 Appendix F Preventive medicine officer s information for dose tracking 116 Appendix G CONUS transportation regulations and procedures 119 Appendix IE Points ol CONTAC si 131 1 T T I E 133 USACHPPM TG236A 3 August 2001 Version This page is intentionally blank USACHPPM TG236A 1 August 2001 Version Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Roadmap This roadmap 15 intended to present brief summaries of the chapters of this technical guide so that a user will be able to find information more quickly within the document The roadmap is not a survey checklist or a shortcut to perform an assessment Each chapter will be summarized with the important concepts emphasized Purpose scope and audience Chapter 1 presents a basic overview of the reasons for creating this technical guide the intended audience the scope of the guide the expected results of an assessment personnel requirements and disclaimers or limitations of the entire assessment process Chapter 1 1s not necessary to perform an assessment Health and safety Health and safety in relation to performing a Level 1 assessment are discussed in Chapter 2 The chapter 1s intended to remind the user to be aware of all potential hazards in the field not just radiological hazards In this chapter there are reminders to alert the user to specific th
3. COMMUNICATION WITH DLS Communication and interaction with DLS should begin in the earliest stages of project planning and continue throughout the entire life of the project Available means of communication with DLS include Telephone DSN 584 2208 Commercial 410 436 2708 Sampnews Bulletin Board is available via e mail CHPPM Microsoft Outlook Users In Outlook click on New in the To block type USACHPPM Sampnews type in your message attach CHPPM Form 330 R E for sample submission and click Send All Customers Type an e mail message attach CHPPM Form 330 R E for sample submission and send to chppm sampnewsi Jang d mil Fax DSN 584 4108 Commercial 410 436 4108 For Routine Correspondence Samples Commander USACHPPM ATTN MCHB TS LID Sample Management Laboratory 5158 Blackhawk Road Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010 5403 For Sample Shipments Commander USACHPPM ATTN MCHB TS LID Sample Management Laboratory Building E2100 Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21010 5403 5 FedEx is a registered trademark of Federal Express Corp Memphis TN 38132 UPS is a registered trademark of United Parcel Services of America Inc Atlanta GA 30346 1 a USACHPPM TG236A 80 August 2001 Version DLS CUSTOMER SERVICE MANUAL MARCH 2001 INTRODUCTION 1 1 PURPOSE The Directorate of Laboratory Sciences DLS at USACHPPM Main is committed to excellent customer service E
4. BE CAUTIOUS proceeding to areas where the dose rate 1s greater than 10 of the OEG mission duration You SHALL NOT proceed to areas in which the dose rates exceed OEG divided by mission duration unless commanded otherwise You SHALL EXIT the contaminated area when your dose exceeds 90 of the OEG unless commanded otherwise USE distance time and shielding to protect personnel DO NOT eat drink or smoke in any contaminated areas DO NOT take unnecessary risks no sample is worth dying for sic Follow additional command guidance USACHPPM TG236A 11 August 2001 Version The following list 18 a reminder of things to keep in mind when performing radiological radiation 4 surveys B Immediate or serious radiological threats to health and safety Exposure to high radiation fields from high level radiation sources for example from energized radiation generating devices such as an accelerator an industrial radiography machine or from nuclear fallout Beta burns from nuclear fallout particles Ongoing exposure to smoke plume from fire explosion involving plutonium or spent fuel from a nuclear reactor Ongoing exposure to a potentially high concentration fission product release from a nuclear reactor accident Local intense radiation fields from physically small radiation sources e g industrial radiography and medical cancer therapy sources B Potential threats or near term concerns Possibility of nuclear
5. Normal Form Radioactive Material materials which if released from a package might present a contamination hazard 3 Instrument and Articles any manufactured instrument and article such as an instrument clock electronic tube or apparatus or similar instrument and article having Class 7 radioactive material in gaseous or non dispersible solid form as a component part 4 Package the packaging together with its radioactive contents as presented for shipment 5 Transport Index TT dimensionless number rounded up to the next tenth placed on a label of a package to designate the degree of control to be exercised by the carrier during transportation For non fissile materials TI 1s the radiation level in mr hr measured one meter from the external surface of the package C Preparing Proper Shipment once an item containing radioactive material is identified for shipment a shipping packet should be started in which all information pertaining to the shipment will be maintained It 1s the responsibility of the shipper to ensure that all shipping requirements are met l Identity and activity of radioactive material s NOTE Just knowing that an item 1s radioactive or has radioactive material as a component part is not enough to satisfy shipping requirements The exact isotope and activity are required to determine the proper shipping method a Look on item to be shipped Many items will contain a label that identifies the i
6. bg sonrpoururoo Arey s dozos sW AjrAmoe ogeyoed y pue so orury 2 sjuoumnajsu sonnuen NOTES Bq 1 disintegration per second 1 3 7 10 disintegrations per second 3 7E10 Bq 1 Ci To convert Curies to Bq Multiply of Curies by 3 7E10 To convert Bq to Curies Divide of Bq by 3 7E10 USACHPPM TG236A 130 August 2001 Version Appendix Points of contact USACHPPM MAIN Commander s Office chppm www apgea army mil DSN Commander 584 4311 Aide De Camp 584 2084 Sergeant Major 584 3305 Staff Duty Officer 584 4375 This line 1s staffed 24 hours per day secure FAX 584 7301 DSN FAX 584 8513 Health Physics Program DSN Program Manager 584 3502 DSN FAX 584 8261 Commercial 410 436 the four digit extension International calling Int l access 1 410 436 the four digit extension CHPPM EUR Commander s Office amp HQ Detachment www chppmeur amedd army mil DSN Commander 486 8084 Scientific Advisor 486 8371 Sergeant Major 486 8962 Detachment Commander 486 8369 Detachment Sergeant 486 8803 FAX Access Military DSN 486 7198 FAX Access German Civilian Area Code 06371 86 7198 FAX Access International Int l access 49 6371 86 7198 Radiation Protection Personnel DSN Chief Radiation Protection 486 8551 Chief Radiation Protection Division 486 7415 NCOIC Radiation Protection 486 8567 FAX Access Military DSN 486 8954 FAX Access German Civilian Area Code 06371
7. No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown 25 vou EMO Wl ucro a ey ee Pe M err rcc vy De 3 8 ccr ee 12 If yes describe the evidence or attach the record August 2001 Version Field Results Summary Checklist Page 1 of 1 Net Reading Instrument Used PDR 77 or VDR 2 Radiation survey Unit ID Existing RES L The net gamma reading is less than 0 010 mR h 0 10 uGy h on the VDR 2 There is no need to proceed with the data interpretation the radiation survey unit can be considered equivalent to background at this time Document these results and send them on to the Health Physics Program at CHPPM Main Existing RES 0 The RES at the of the mission lasting days will be a For an assigned OEG of the maximum mission duration is about days Existing RES gt 0 The RES at the of the mission lasting days will be a For an assigned OEG of the maximum mission duration is about days This checklist summarizes the results of a particular radiation survey and is intended to ease the communication of the results USACHPPM TG236A 24 August 2001 Version Chapter 4 Radiation surveying and sampling guidance 4 1 Minimum supply requirements The following is a list of supplies required for a Level 1 radiation survey Reasonable substitutions can
8. 86 8954 FAX Access International Int l access 49 6371 86 8954 International calling Int l access 49 6371 86 the four digit extension USACHPPM TG236A 131 August 2001 Version Commander s Office chppm www apgea army mil pac DSN Commander 263 8445 NCOIC 263 8456 Secretary 263 8447 Health Physics and Nuclear Biological Chemical Environmental NBC E Readiness DSN Program Manager 263 8502 COM Inside Japan 0462 51 1788 EXT 263 8502 DSN Fax 263 8597 International calling Int l access 81 3117 63 the four digit extension Be aware of any time zone differences when you contact additional assets USACHPPM TG236A 132 August 2001 Version Appendix I References 1 Commanders Guide On Low Level Radiation LLR Exposure In Military Operations NATO Standardization Agreement STANAG No 2473 May 2000 2 Radiological Sources of Potential Exposure and or Contamination USACHPPM Technical Guide 236 June 1999 3 NATO Handbook for Sampling and Identification of Radiological Agents SIRA Volume 1 AEP 49 August 2000 4 Nuclear Emergency and Radiological Decision Handbook NERD U S Department of Energy Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory UCRL MI 128496 1998 5 Nuclear Biological and Chemical General Reference for the Officer Basic Course GR 76 332 200 Army Medical Department Center and School 1997 6 Medical Management of Radiological Casualties Handbook First e
9. CAUTION If elevated alpha activity is present or is suspected to be present higher echelon assets must be notified as soon as possible Gather supplies See Chapter 4 section 4 1 Ql Record the check source measurements If this reading 1s within 3096 of the value on the calibration sheet proceed with the radiation survey If not see Chapter 4 section 4 8 LJ Gather any information you can about the area to be radiation surveyed CAUTION If anything in this plan endangers the immediate life and health of personnel the plan should not be undertaken unless so ordered by the commander See Chapter 2 Go toa staging area near the area to be radiation surveyed CAUTION Be aware of non radiological battlefield hazards before undertaking this radiation survey Examples of these hazards are unexploded ordnance UXO confined spaces tripping hazards poisonous plants venomous insects and animals toxic chemicals gunfire and unsanitary conditions See Chapter 2 Decide where the specific radiation survey units are See Chapter 4 section 4 2 Identify the appropriate background measurement locations See Chapter 4 section 4 4 Ql Ensure that the RADIAC instrument is in the proper configuration for static measurements See Chapter 4 section 4 6 Take and record the appropriate background measurements See Chapter 4 section 4 4 Set up the radiation survey unit See Chapter 4 sectio
10. Identification of Radioactive Items in the Army 1 Aug 1993 A Regulations Governing Radioactive Materials Use and Shipment 1 Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations a Governs the use of byproduct material b Nuclear Regulatory Commission NRC is proponent c Part 71 Packaging and Shipment of Radioactive Material 2 Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations a Governs the transportation of all materials b Department of Transportation is proponent c Considers item radioactive if concentrations are greater that 0 002 Ci gm 70 Bq gm d Primary reference for the shipment of radioactive materials 3 Technical Bulletin 43 0116 Identification of Radioactive Items in the Army a Identifies by part number and national stock number NSN items in the Department of the Army that contain radioactive materials b U S Army Communications Electronics Command CECOM is proponent c Identifies radioactive material and activity in becquerels B Terms and Definitions l Special Form Radioactive Material materials which by nature of their physical form or encapsulation if released from a package might present some direct USACHPPM TG236A 119 August 2001 Version radiation hazard but would present little hazard from the possibility of contamination a _ Single solid piece or contained in a sealed capsule b At least one dimension not less than 5mm 0 21n c Meets requirements of test specified in 49CFR 173 469 2
11. aries 28 4 8 Quality assurance and quality control 20 Chapter 5 Data interpretation and archiving 1 eee e eee eee e eere eee neenon 31 Sc I AC ALS OM Sie Sera 31 5 2 Estimating the maximum duration of a mission before exceeding the 3l 5 5 Esitiatins the RES Al the end or THISSIOR bd Ra bun eatis adiuti ae 35 5 4 Estimating numerical values for a mission duration eeseeeeeennnnn 36 8401 2 18 RU 36 3 9 Tm 37 Chapter 6 Contamination control procedures ecce eee e eee eee e eere ee eene noe 39 6 1 Setting up a personnel monitoring and decontamination station 39 DIO ee RI DR SET eae hes 39 6 1 2 Personnel contamination monitoring frisking eese 40 6 2 Radiation surveys of items or 1 4 6 3 Personnel decontamimiatlOfi ted ug dus d dus a ud du dudas 4 6 4 Item and commodity decontamuiialtion i E atem tse era 42 6 5 Care of RADIAC equipment during monitoring and decontamination 43 Chapter 7T AN PDR 77 and AN VDRP iie een evene nose nero Reg E epa oue Eno 45 Ch
12. protocols employed in collecting handling storing and transporting of the samples by field personnel This section provides guidance on the collection preparation and preservation of samples subject to radioanalysis 8 1 Common sample collection practices The following sample collection practices are common to all sampling procedures to assure sample quality Use properly sized and prepared containers with an airtight seal Keep empty containers in a clean bag or box Only open the sample container to add the sample Use proper tools to collect samples Ideally sampling equipment should be either disposable or enough spares should be available to allow single use during a sampling mission Properly decontaminate sampling equipment between sample locations See Section 6 4 for guidance Collect sufficient amount and number of samples for accurate lab analysis generally collect as much of a sample as the container will safely allow Mark and record sample locations for quality control and if additional samples must be taken Number and label sample containers and sample collection forms sequentially Complete the sampling form during the sample collection Tape the container cap or seal after closing Double bag samples 8 2 General site selection considerations When selecting a sampling site the following general considerations should be included As arule sampling sites are open undisturbed areas that
13. 1 indicates that the filter is active and a display of 2 indicates the filter is off To display average readings set the filter in the active position To display raw readings set the filter in the of position For all probes except the alpha probe a filter in the act ive position is recommended To change the filter status depress and release the CLR TEST button while holding down the FILTER button Only used with the x ray probe in the OCi m mode To view and change the weapon age data press this button and hold it while turning the instrument on After the instrument is turned on 01 is displayed followed by a flashing digit tens place of the weapons age Successively pressing the AGE button will change the digit from 0 to 6 Pressing the CLR TEST button will display a 02 and a flashing digit represents the ones place of the weapons age Pressing the CLR TEST button again will display a 03 and a flashing digit that represents the tenths place of the weapons age The only acceptable choices here are a 0 or a 5 All ages should be rounded to the nearest half of a year To place the instrument back into the ratemeter mode once age is set press the CLR TEST button On off toggle switch that turns display light on or off The light intensity is not very bright and in daylight conditions the light may not be visible The light should only be left on when needed as it drastically increases the battery use Used to change audible settings f
14. Although the documents listed are concerned with operations in war with nuclear weapons they contain a much greater level of detail than in this chapter 6 1 Setting up a personnel monitoring and decontamination station In this technical guide the phrase decontamination station includes the personnel monitoring station A decontamination station can vary greatly in complexity from a complete CCS detailed in the Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures NARP manual for a weapons accident to a simple step off pad and monitoring frisker station 6 1 1 Setting up a step off pad This section describes the basic principles used to set up a simple step off pad Figure 4 below shows the basic components of a simple step off pad A decontamination station should be placed in a low background area free of contamination upwind of the radiation survey area or far enough away from areas of elevated contamination to minimize chance of airborne material reaching the location and in an area that 1s flat and easy to work in If necessary a preliminary decontamination station can be set up near or in the radiation survey area This preliminary station can be used as a transfer point for items that may be contaminated or for the removal of the outermost layer of protective clothing The purpose of a decontamination station 1s to remove and contain contamination Contaminated items may be brought into the clean area 1f they are bagged and sealed o
15. Custody Sheet USACHPPM Health Physics Program TG236A Chain of Custody sample or Samples sign and Print Name Transferred Released By Received By Page 2 of 2 Date Purpose of Transfer Notes and Comments Figure 14 A sample chain of custody form USACHPPM TG236A 66 August 2001 Version 8 7 Field processing preservation and transport of samples from the survey unit 8 7 1 General Initial steps taken in the field are frequently critical to the quality of the laboratory analysis performed hours or days after sample collection Various steps of preparing raw sampling materials for field or fixed laboratory processing may be required depending on sample matrix the nature of the contaminant and the analytical method to be used Field processing ensures the sample is 1 homogeneously distributed 2 free from material that is not considered part of the sample matrix and 3 chemically and physically preserved In this case the field does not mean the sample collection location The field essentially 1s any location that 1s not the CONUS or OCONUS destination for the samples Examples of field processing include Separating and separately bagging biological matter removed from soil samples Excluding oversized material including rocks and gravel not representative of soil 8 7 2 Sample transport The final responsibility of field sampling teams 15 to properly and as quickly as
16. ID Login sample receipt information field info Screen sample Figure 15 Flow Chart for Sample Receipt USACHPPM TG236A 69 August 2001 Version 9 2 Shipment of samples to analytical laboratories 9 2 1 Sample packing samples being sent off site for analysis should be properly packaged before shipment Some examples of sample packaging techniques include Visually inspecting each sample container for indications of leaks or defects in the sample container Wiping individual sample containers with a damp cloth or absorbent paper to remove any exterior contamination Placing sample containers inside individual plastic bags to reduce the chance of cross contamination and to contain the sample in case of leakage or breakage Grouping samples for shipment in terms of overall activity or surface contamination levels Including sufficient absorbent material to contain the samples in case of leakage or breakage if there are liquid samples in the package Packaging sample containers to prevent breakage by immobilizing and isolating each sample container using packing material this is especially important in cold weather when plastic containers become brittle and water samples may freeze A minimum 2 5 cm cushion between samples is recommended Including the original signed chain of custody form that lists the samples that are included in each package e g 1f possible avoid having multiple packages covered
17. STANAG 2473 Other unit and formation NBC officers and cells allied NBC Defence specialists may include SIBCRA No definition of this abbreviation was found in the STANAG teams when concept endorsed by NATO and national sources which will bring together all necessary experts and coordinate any help or advice to the area of operation Assessment In TG 236A an assessment 15 the entire process of evaluating the radiological characteristics of a given area not just hazards Contrast this with Risk assessment The identification and assessment of hazards first two steps of the risk management process Background radiation Radiation from cosmic sources naturally occurring radioactive material including radon except as a decay product of source or special nuclear material and global fallout as it exists in the environment from the testing of nuclear explosive devices or from past nuclear accidents such as Chernobyl that contribute to background radiation Background radiation does not include radiation from source by product or special nuclear materials that the NRC regulates or from NARM that the Army regulates Becquerel The International System SI unit of activity equal to one nuclear transformation disintegration per second 1 2 7x10 Curies Ci 27 03 picocuries pCi Bioassay The determination of kinds quantities or concentrations and in some cases the locations of radioactive material in the huma
18. TG236A 134 August 2001 Version
19. Warfare AR 700 65 Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Weapons Materiel AR 755 15 Disposal of Unwanted Radioactive Materiel Soldier Training Publications STP 21 24 SMCT Soldier s Manual of Common Tasks SMCT Skill STPs Level 2 4 Technical Bulletins TBs TB 385 2 Nuclear Weapons Fire Fighting Procedures Assistance NAIRA Superceded by DA PAM 50 5 Installations TM 8 215 Nuclear Handbook for Medical Service Personnel TM 9 1100 816 14 Emergency Destruction of Nuclear Weapons WC 2 TM 9 1100 814 40 Nuclear Weapons Expendable TM 9 1185 217 EOD Procedures for Nuclear Weapons TM 9 1185 219 EOD Procedures Incident and Accident Hazards Associated with Nuclear Ordnance and for Individual Nuclear Components Department of the Army Pamphlets DA PAM 700 48 Handling Procedures for Equipment Contaminated with Depleted Uranium or Radioactive Commodities USACHPPM TG236A 44 August 2001 Version Chapter 7 AN PDR 77 and AN VDR 2 The AN PDR 77 RADIAC Set is a set of portable radiation detection equipment for detecting alpha beta x ray and gamma radiation The set includes a scaler ratemeter an alpha scintillator ZnS an energy compensated pair of Geiger Mueller GM tubes and an x ray detector thin Nal detector The accessory kit Radiation Protection Officer kit contains a pancake GM tube and a UR meter 1 x 1 5 detector The AN PDR 77 faceplate displays units of mR h but the instrument 1s calibrated 1n units of
20. are unaffected by water runoff or unusual local wind patterns e g away from buildings trees etc USACHPPM TG236A 55 August 2001 Version Sampling and measurements in support of military operations will be at the direction of the Commander and potentially include field hospitals staging areas and logistical support areas Local officials will likely have a list of high priority sampling locations that under the Commander s discretion may be sampled 15 quite possible that a pattern of hot particles could be superimposed on contamination gradient These might be particles of fuel from a power reactor damaged by a conventional weapon spread over a wide area and generating pockets of high dose rates These particles would be easily detected with even simple GM detectors and could be sampled into shielded containers for further measurement subject to handling dose rate considerations 8 3 Proper selection of sample containers There are several physical and chemical characteristics that must be considered when selecting a suitable container for shipping and sampling Important characteristics include the container material and its size shape and method of sealing Generally containers should be made of a material that 1s chemically non reactive with the sample Similarly it should maintain physical integrity during normal handling and shipment The container must have a volume sufficient to contain enough samples for al
21. assignment Command will decide on the Ro of the use of protective clothing respirators or other protective equipment e Conduct a GPS check when leaving for the assignment Step 2 According to instructions from Command a Wrap the instruments in plastic to prevent contamination except for the detector window if there 1s any b Ensure that sample collection equipment is pre cleaned and bagged or wrapped c Setalarm levels of direct reading dosimeters and dose rate meters USACHPPM TG236A 75 August 2001 Version d Wear appropriate radiation protection equipment e Wear disposable latex or vinyl gloves and change between sample locations 10 2 At the site survey unit step 3 a Upon selecting the sampling site survey unit identify the position using GPS reading local landmarks stakes or other markers Select the survey unit based on the Command requirements The information is guidance on sampling after the survey unit has been defined b Select an area that 15 relatively unvegetated and undisturbed since the radioactive release and well away from structures e g approximately twice the height of the nearby structure to minimize the effects of wind currents on deposition 1 Populated Area Select an open level grassy area that has been undisturbed if possible These areas should be away from normal walkways and roadways and located in open level grassy areas that are mowed at reasonable intervals e g lawn
22. document There is a newer IAEA document Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material 1996 It is not possible to specify what the requirements would be for military transport without a detailed knowledge of the exemptions that might apply particularly following a conflict However IAEA regulations are generally conservative and when complied with there should be no possibility of exceeding either civil or military restrictions on the transport of radioactive materials A generalization of the IAEA regulations follows Where the activity of a sample is less than 70 kBq kg no specific packaging requirement is necessary However it is assumed that in most cases this specific activity cannot be determined or is estimated to exceed this limit In these cases specific packaging and transport requirements apply For practical purposes it is assumed that the international movement of radioactive samples undertaken in the sampling program will be conducted using a Type A container as defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials USACHPPM TG236A 7 August 2001 Version The regulations place limits on the contents of these containers and the general limits of activity which must be applied are as follows e fonly beta or gamma emitting nuclides are known to be present then the A2 limit for the package is 0 02 TBq 2 1 0 e lfalpha emitting nuclide
23. dose measurements Continue monitoring and update radiation survey Continue dose control measures Continue to execute priority tasks only Execute critical tasks only See note 4 25Rto 75 R 25 cGy to 75 cGy Record individual dose measurements Continue monitoring and updating radiation survey Continue dose control measures Execute critical tasks only See note 4 NOTES 1 The use ofthe measurement millisieverts mSv is preferred in all cases However due to the fact that normally the military has only the capability to measure centigray cGy as long as the ability to obtain measurements in mSv 18 not possible NATO forces will use cGy For whole body gamma irradiation 1 cGy 10 mSv doses should be kept as low as reasonably achievable ALARA This will reduce individual soldier risk as well as retain maximum operational flexibility for future employment of exposed soldiers Examples of priority tasks are those missions to avert danger to persons or to prevent damage from spreading Examples of critical tasks are those missions to save human life On Table 5 through Table 10 the net readings are instrument specific because of the display differences between the AN VDR 2 and the AN PDR 77 when using the By probe To avoid confusion the units have been omitted from the net reading column in Table 5 through Table 10 however there is a place on the Radiation Survey Data Table to record the measurement units See Chapter 7 for additional
24. gloves after taking each group of samples at one site e g discard your gloves after collecting all soil samples Keep equipment out of dirt dust soil and surfaces that are likely to be contaminated Use a clean plastic sheet to put your equipment on Double bag samples immediately after they are collected Clean sampling equipment after taking each group of samples and check for residual contamination or use only disposable sampling equipment sampling tools must be adequately cleaned or decontaminated in between the collection of the replicate samples to minimize cross contamination Loose soil or vegetation should be scraped off and then suitable agents used e g alcohol followed by wiping with paper tissues A contamination meter should be used to determine if the tool 1s sufficiently clean to take the next sample If the tool 1s not clean 1 e it 1s either physically dirty or contaminated above background then it should not be used for sampling Using disposable tools e g plastic scoops for soil funnels for liquids brushes for dust sampling and scalpels to cut vegetation 15 the easiest way to eliminate cross contamination of samples 8 5 Sample ID sample labels and field sampling forms 8 5 1 Sample ID and labeling Each sample can only be identified over the life of the incident response 1f permanent identification 1s written on or affixed to the sample container Generally writing directly on the sample con
25. indicating seals after field processing and preservation steps have been completed The seals will show if a sample has been disturbed 8 6 1 Field custody considerations The sample collection technician This is anyone collecting samples is responsible for the care and custody of the samples until they are properly transferred or dispatched This means that samples in their possession are under constant observation or secured Samples may be secured in a sealed container locked vehicle locked room etc 8 6 2 Transfer of custody A chain of custody record should accompany all samples with medical or legal significance This record documents sample custody transfer from the sampler often through several persons to the analyst 1n the laboratory The individuals relinquishing and the individual receiving the samples should sign date and note the time on the record Upon receipt of the sample the new custodian should inspect the condition of the sample container and tamper seals 1f used and record observations on the record Any problems with the individual samples such as a broken container should also be noted The method of shipment and courier name can also be listed in the chain of custody record For samples shipped from the field to a fixed laboratory the original chain of custody record should accompany the samples The individual relinquishing the samples should retain a copy of the record The custody objectives should be d
26. information USACHPPM TG236A 32 August 2001 Version Table 5 Estimating the maximum duration of a mission in days for units with no previous radiation exposure RES of 0 gt OWN gt _ NN 13 10 6 5 4 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 USACHPPM TG236A 33 August 2001 Version Table 7 Estimating the maximum duration of a mission in days for units with existing RES of 1B Table 8 Estimating the maximum duration of a mission in days for units with existing RES of 1C Table 9 Estimating the maximum duration of a mission in days for units with existing RES of 1D 10 00 100 0 15 00 150 0 20 00 200 0 USACHPPM TG236A 34 August 2001 Version 5 3 Estimating the RES at the end of a mission The RES of a unit at the end of a mission depends on the RES of the unit at the beginning of the mission the mission duration and the net exposure rate The next exposure rate 1s reflected as the net reading on the tables and data sheets If your unit had not previously received radiation RES of 0 then Table 7 should be used to determine the new RES for the unit To use this table first find the average radiation level the Net Reading from your Data Radiation survey Sheet in the left column Then find the duration of the mission the time spent in the area with net radiation levels greater than 0 0
27. of each sample Time 13 14 NENNEN Sample Desired Additional Samples Time Type Analyses 9955 o 6 200 MEL E MENT NN Method of Shipping and Carrier Used Tamper Resistant Seals On the container U Yes U No Shipping Date On each sample U Yes UW No Chain of Custody Sample or Samples Sign and Print Name Transferred Released By Received By Date Purpose of Transfer USACHPPM TG236A 113 August 2001 Version Field Chain of Custody Sheet USACHPPM Health Physics Program TG 236A Chain of Custody sample or Samples sign and Print Name Transferred Released By Received By Page 2 of 2 Date Purpose of Transfer Notes and Comments USACHPPM TG236A 114 August 2001 Version Appendix E Field Results Summary Checklist Net Reading Instrument Used PDR 77 or VDR 2 Radiation survey Unit ID Existing RES LI net gamma reading is less than 0 010 mR h 0 10 wGy h on the VDR 2 There is no need to proceed with the data interpretation the radiation survey unit can be considered equivalent to background at this time Document these results and send them on to the Health Physics Program at CHPPM Main Existing RES 0 The RES at the end of the mission lasting days will be Ll Foran assigned OEG of the maximum mission duration is about days Existing RES g
28. of the person s body toward the center 6 4 Item and commodity decontamination Equipment decontamination proceeds in essentially the same way as personnel decontamination except that there are a few more options with equipment decontamination Rougher mechanical means such as vacuuming with a filtered vacuum system and using abrasives are available There is no concern about breaking the skin USACHPPM TG236A 42 August 2001 Version Five general methods to reduce surface contamination from equipment 1 Brushing or vacuum cleaning 2 Washing soaking or scrubbing with hot or cold water Soaps detergents or chelating agents may be used Steam cleaning 4 Cleaning with solvents such as bleach or gasoline Removing the contaminated surface by using chemicals abrasives or by sandblasting or electrolysis As with personnel decontamination the milder methods to reduce contamination should be tried first and equipment should be monitored after each decontamination attempt If additional decontamination 1s needed a milder method can be repeated or a more aggressive method can be tried until acceptable levels are reached Showering washing or hosing them prior to their removal can generally decontaminate moisture proof protective clothing rubber boots and similar items Personnel may decontaminate canvas rope and similar coarse materials by dry brushing or shaking them When items are soaked washed or scrubbed with
29. possible transport samples from the collection site to a sample control site or field laboratory For sampling performed in a known contaminated region transport will include contamination control precautions Chapter 6 Sample forms must be maintained with the samples through the contamination control area and transfers of possession must be documented on the chain of custody record The following issues should be considered when moving samples Transfer to sample control should be expedited in order to minimize decay of short half life radionuclides and surface plating before analysis Samples should be segregated from contaminated sampling equipment Low activity and background samples should be segregated from high activity samples Samples should be transported securely and safely At this point in the process the samples have been packed and transported out of the survey unit and must be made ready to be shipped to their CONUS or OCONUS destination This aspect of shipping 1s discussed in Chapter 9 8 8 Liaison between sampling team and sample control laboratories will have unique requirements and procedures with respect to analyzing a given media for a given analyte To assure sampling protocols are consistent with analytical protocols of the laboratory field teams should communicate with either the field deployed laboratory or the field sample control station to determine any special requirements for sample collec
30. radiation survey CAUTION If anything in this plan endangers the life or health of personnel the plan should not be undertaken unless so ordered by the commander See Chapter 2 Go toa staging area near the area to be radiation surveyed CAUTION Be aware of non radiological battlefield hazards before undertaking this radiation survey Examples of these hazards are unexploded ordnance UXO confined spaces tripping hazards poisonous plants venomous insects and animals toxic chemicals gunfire and unsanitary conditions See Chapter 2 LJ Decide where the specific radiation survey units are See Chapter 4 section 4 2 E Identify the appropriate background measurement locations See Chapter 4 section 4 4 LJ Ensure that the RADIAC instrument is in the proper configuration for static measurements See Chapter 4 section 4 6 Q Take and record the appropriate background measurements See Chapter 4 section 4 4 Set up the radiation survey unit See Chapter 4 section 4 3 USACHPPM TG236A 17 August 2001 Version O O OO O ew IM ee dus Checklist for a Level 1 Assessment Page 2 of 3 Define the area to be radiation surveyed with a rectangle If GPS grid coordinates are available record the points indicated on the datasheet Record the length and width of the radiation survey unit on the datasheet Divide the width into 6 equal blocks Divide the length into 8 equal blocks If poss
31. regulations USACHPPM TG236A 125 August 2001 Version TABLEI GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPPING RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS Limited Quantity Instruments Articles 5173 421 5173 424 5173 431 Radiation Levels Determines Label Surface lt 5 I Sv hr 4 for I amp A 5173 441 meter Special Requirements Radioactive amp Statement form 5173 448 and statement 173 422 173 422 9173 451 Because of changes to the Code of Federal Regulations values and requirements should be verified prior to each shipment USACHPPM TG236A 126 August 2001 Version UOISIOA 100 3 18 LTI V9ETOL NddHOYSA 0 0 OLHO C 6040 7 1140 60H40 C 80H0 C INSIOA IVIOHdS 0407 0407 9040 C 0H0 C LOHO C 0H0 C v0HO C INSIOA IVINSION Irc uv 0 0 OLHO C 6040 7 1140 60H40 C 80H0 C INSIOA IVIOHdS 0407 0407 9040 C 0H0 C LOHO C SOHO0 C vOHO C IVINSION 6tc nd THO THO V 6040 t 040 t O0IMO0 v 8040 t LOHO v IASIOA IVIOHdS A0 L40 6040 t 040 7 OIMO v 8040 t LOHO v IVINSION 09 09 0 0 0IJM0 C 6040 7 11 0 60H40 C 80H0 C IASIOA IVIOHdS THOS 1190 60905 80505 OTOS 8040 S LOHO S IVINSION LEL SO VPI L V JOUR PURI IDN DJd T HdTIONN wwo wwo wwo Jesod SA bg ur Arey s dozos uouruioo 10 AjrAmoe ogeyoed y pue so orury 2 sjuoumnajsu sonnuen poj
32. section Section 6 2 can be used for an equipment radiation survey e For relatively small pieces of equipment a surface scan can cover the entire surface of the equipment e Measure the ambient background reading about 1 m from the equipment to be radiation surveyed e Bag for example Ziploc bags and label small contaminated items if possible 6 3 Personnel decontamination Personnel suspected of being contaminated should be monitored with a radiation survey meter to identify contaminated areas Special emphasis should be placed on the location of any contaminated areas on the individual USACHPPM TG236A 4 August 2001 Version If you suspect contamination resurvey the person carefully noting areas that are contaminated First you should remove clothing that is contaminated Clothing that 1s significantly contaminated should be removed and stored in plastic bags until the activity has decayed to an acceptable level If the radionuclide can be identified then it may be possible to calculate the time until the radioactivity has reached a level acceptable for reuse or disposal If skin contamination occurs start with the mildest decontamination measures and move to stronger measures if the contamination 15 difficult to remove Washing with soap detergent and water is the best initial decontamination approach for unbroken skin If simple washing fails then you can try harsher methods such as abrasive soap or a complexing agent Ta
33. that is about half a gallon in volume e g a half gallon ice cream container Repeat an external exposure rate measurement at the end of the radiation survey in block 1 of the radiation survey unit Record the meter reading as Goc in block of the radiation survey unit If the x ray probe is available record a second reading as block 2 of the radiation survey unit The OIC or the NCOIC will review the radiation survey data for anomalies and completeness at the end of each radiation survey Follow the procedures in Chapter 8 for sample management after collection USACHPPM TG236A 29 August 2001 Version Is the check source measurement within 30 of the value on the calibration sheet Yes Record the result and continue the radiation survev No Take two additional measurements Is the check source measurement within 30 of the value on the calibration sheet Yes Are additional RADIAC meters available as Get another instrument and restart the procedure Record results Alert the OIC or NCOIC continue radiation surveying with the consent of the OIC or NCOIC Figure 3 Operational check source flowchart USACHPPM TG236A 30 August 2001 Version Chapter 5 Data interpretation and archiving If the net gamma reading is less than 0 010 mR h 0 10 uGy h staying in this area will not affect your RES category The area radiation surveyed can be considered equival
34. thereby speeding up responses ud Not restricted to worldwide time zones Messages can be sent 24 hours a day USACHPPM TG236A 82 August 2001 Version DLS CUSTOMER SERVICE MANUAL MARCH 2001 Questions about the status of samples and laboratory reports can be lt gt answered quickly Convenient route for submitting requests for laboratory services CHPPM Form 330 R E See Chapter 6 for more information about this form 3 To be an effective communication tool messages sent to Sampnews need to be easy to understand complete and with a header that clearly summarizes T the content See Chapter 6 Figure 6 2 for a sample message Form 330 R E CHPPM Microsoft Outlook Users In Outlook click on New in the To block type USACHPPM Sampnews type in vour message attach CHPPM Form 330 R E for sample submission and click Send All Customers an e mail message attach CHPPM Form 330 R E for sample submission and send to chppn sampnews wapg amedd army mil d Customer Support Service Table 1 1 describes the customer s potential needs and the available DLS customer support services TABLE 1 1 DLS CUSTOMER SUPPORT SERVICES Selection of the proper Acode Choice of the most appropriate SAMPLE ANALYSIS Technical information on analyses Review of laboratory data and reports Coordination of priority complex or special projects Submission of PROJECT MODIFICATIONS
35. use of NATO preferred units 15 impractical An attempt was made to eliminate all references to units where possible For simplicity and because only whole body gamma irradiation 1s considered the roentgen rad rem and centisievert are considered to be equivalent units of radiation exposure Thus I R amp I rad 1 rem 0 01 Gy I cGy 10 mGy 0 01 Sv I cSv 10 for the purposes of TG RD 236A Further complicating the issue 1s the fact that the AN PDR 77 is calibrated to absorbed dose rates in rads h despite the units of mR h on the faceplate This technical guide was designed to be consistent with existing doctrine including NATO STANAG 2473 however TG236A and RD236A are not implementation documents They present a preferred and consistent set of procedures for collecting and performing basic analysis of data Established doctrine prevails over anything in TG RD236A 5 Itis the user s responsibility to understand the contents of this technical guide or get help if needed Any mention of a trademarked product name tradename commercially available product or service 15 not an official endorsement USACHPPM TG236A 9 August 2001 Version This page is intentionally blank USACHPPM TG236A 10 August 2001 Version Chapter 2 Health and safety issues The battlefield 1s an inherently hazardous place Be aware of battlefield hazards such as unexploded ordnance UXO confined spaces environmental hazards poisonous pl
36. weapon detonation nuclear yield Possibility of a nuclear criticality accident addition of water change in geometry Threat of fire or explosion from explosives fuel sources or chemical reactions Resuspended airborne contamination from ground foliage clothing or surfaces Mechanisms for resuspension include changes in wind direction or speed human activity such as plowing excavation vehicle traffic or propwash and forest fire or wildfire Change in shielding configuration leading to a loss of shield integrity and potentially high radiation fields Release of volatile radionuclides for example 10dine and cesium or gaseous radionuclides e g trittum and krypton Spread of surface contamination personnel vehicles clothing objects Contamination of hospitals or emergency vehicles ambulance fire etc during the transfer of contaminated patients to nearby medical facilities B Interim or long term concerns Contaminated run off from fire fighting Contaminated crops Contaminated livestock feed Contaminated drinking water supply Contaminated irrigation water USACHPPM TG236A 12 August 2001 Version e Contaminated fish shellfish B Miscellaneous concerns e Contaminated wounds including imbedded fragments of radioactive materials or breaks 1n the skin e Contact with contaminated solvents e Increased hazard due to change in chemical state e g oxidation of elemental tritium in a fire USACH
37. 10 mR h 0 10 uGy h on the VDR 2 in the top row The new RES of the unit 1s the intersection of that row and column Table 10 Estimating the net RES for a mission Oo Ot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 If your unit had a RES greater than zero at the beginning of the mission and you know the accumulated dose for the unit then add the total dose for the mission to the unit s accumulated dose To determine the total dose for the mission multiply the average radiation level the Net Reading from your Data Radiation survey Sheet by the duration of the mission Then add this number to the unit s accumulated dose of the unit to find the new accumulated dose Be sure to put the numbers in the proper units Once you find your new accumulated dose refer to Table 1 to determine the RES category For example at the beginning of a 10 day mission your unit was in RES category 1B with an accumulated dose of 600 mR The average radiation level the USACHPPM TG236A 35 August 2001 Version Net Reading from your Data Radiation survey Sheet is 10 mR hr The total dose for the mission 15 24hr mR 10mR 10 10days 10 Ver 2400mR or 2 4R Adding the total dose for the mission to the previously accumulated dose you get 3 0 R for the current accumulated dose Referring to Table 4 you see that your unit 1s still RES category 1B with an accumulated dose of 3 R If your unit had a RES greater th
38. 36A Radiation survey process flowchart Field actions are those actions that are expected to take place in the area of operations These actions include sampling surveying shipping communicating and interpreting the data Garrison actions are those actions that are expected to take place CONUS or at laboratories or other facilities OCONUS far from the area of operations The garrison is where samples are sent for analysis specialist advisors work and an intended archive will be established USACHPPM TG236A 15 August 2001 Version In general the process should proceed as follows There would a be a call for a Level 1 assessment at which point the assessment team would prepare for the assessment and alert a nuclear medical science officer or health physicist If samples were going to be collected the laboratory would be notified The laboratory personnel can advise the team on what sample requirements are needed for proper analysis The team could then start to gather preliminary information about the survey unit and start the survey The team would then do the survey and evaluate the data IAW this technical guide and report the results to the commander or command staff The NMSO or health physicist who has been alerted would be able to aid in interpreting the data for the command staff Meanwhile once the soil sample analyses are done the results would be communicated through the advisor to the command staff Finally the assessment results d
39. A hard copy report will be furnished in all cases 2 EDD DATA TYPE ELECTRONIC DATA DELIVERABLE EDD Q rax ro O Access e Other C MAIL TO 3 ADDITIONAL DATA REQUEST These items are delivered by maion QC RAW DATA 4 REQUEST SUBMITTED BY 5 PRINT 1 1 J 6 SIGNATURE Autho rizer Note Authorizer s Signature Required if Submitted by Hard Copy FOR DLS USE ONLY Date Rec d Expiration Profile Processor Initials amp Date Work Order DLS Laboratory Team Responses Date Sample Completed Date Sample Kit Shipped Picked Up Quote Completed __ _ _ Quote Report Invoice Completed Invoice Report Notes CHPPM Form3 30 R E Nov 2000 MCHB TS LID Page 2 of 3 USACHPPM TG236A 89 August 2001 Version ANALYTICAL REQUEST TABLE CONTINUED FROM PART I COMMENTS SPECIAL REQUEST ACODE DLS SAMPLE TEST m ANALYTICAL METHOD DESCRIPTION enero ee MATRIX COUNT e 9 Blanks Special M edia Extra Containers Forms m CHPPM Form330 R E Nov 2000 MCHB TS LID Page 3 of 3 USACHPPM TG236A 90 August 2001 Version Appendix A Glossary Absorbed dose The energy imparted by ionizing radiation per unit mass of irradiated material The units of absorbed dose are the rad and the gray Gy Appropriate personnel In this document appropriate personnel will refer to the commander and specialist advisors as defined in
40. AN PDR 77 ratemeter USACHPPM TG236A 51 August 2001 Version DISPLAY NUMBERICAL SEGMENTS a WITH DECIMAL POINTS AND OR K i EXPONENT ARROWS INDICATES SELECTED D OPERATING MODE NOTE FLASHING ARROW ARROWS indicate low battery condition Figure 10 Digital display from the AN PDR 77 ratemeter This figure is an exact copy from reference 9 USACHPPM TG236A 52 August 2001 Version Figure 11 Picture of the beta gamma probe DT 616 PROBE ATTACHES TO RADIACMETER WITH CABLE CORD AND CONNECTOR CONTAINS TWO DETECTORS HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY AND OTHER CIRCUITS PROBE RECEPTACLE ACCEPTS PLUG FROM RADIACMETER CABLE HOUSING CONTAINS LOW RANGE DETECTOR AND ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY COVER PROTECTS DETECTOR AGAINST DAMAGE USED IN CLOSED POSITION TO DETECT GAMMA RADIATION MUST BE OPENED TO DETECT BETA PARTICLES DETECTOR GUARD PLASTIC WINDOW PROTECTS LOW RANGE DETECTOR AND KEEPS MOISTURE OUT OF PROBE Figure 12 The beta gamma probe and its components USACHPPM TG236A 53 August 2001 Version Table 15 RADIAC checklist and preoperational test Instrument Type Circle one PDR 77 or VDR 2 Date Beta Gamma Probe SN Time X ray Probe SN PDR 77 only Alpha Probe SN PDR 77 only Radiation survey Unit ID AN PDR Radiac SN Checkout performed by PDR 77 VDR 2 Yes No Yes No Carrying Case Inspection Is the case free of obvious damage
41. Contents Chapter b Introduction aoc REDE E 3 Ls ISO Fa cete M CELO UI E DELE LOU ee 5 Im Orc Renn eee O 7 c TGO 7362 the Level Ue asses ct 1 bdo tette E a 9 Chapter 2 Health and safety issues sssccccsssssscccssssssccccsssscccscssssccsccsssscsscesssscsseees 11 Chapter 3 quick guide to Level 1 radiation surveying and sampling 15 SE MATEO CUCU LO PNE EET 15 3 2 Checklist tora Level 1 Assessment Pace 1 01 9 vate ee aie aie 17 Chapter 4 Radiation surveying and sampling guidance 25 2 Tm supply Sed 25 4 2 Selecang a radiation Survey UBL eat vetula be aset bdo reat edades 25 4 3 Setting up the radiation survey 26 4 4 Background measurements 26 4 351 26 4 4 2 When is a measurement above 27 4 5 Instrumentation use for a radiation survey sse nennen nennen nennen nns zr 2 0 Etema iradia on SUL VC aie a tvi iere AS 28 4 COMCCUNG Sample ssec tib t um uta dise aeu
42. DICATORS CONTROL PANEL INCLUDES DIGITAL __ DISPLAY ALARM LIGHT AND SWITCHES AN VDR 2 USED TO OPERATE TEST RADIAC SET gt Same as AN PDR 77 Figure 7 Major components of the AN PDR 77 ratemeter with annotations for the AN VDR 2 USACHPPM TG236A 49 August 2001 Version POWER TURNS UNIT ON OR OFF DUAL PURPOSE TREND LIGHTS TREND INDICATES UP OR DOWN TREND OF READINGS ALARM CONTINUOUS FLASHING LIGHTS INDICATES RATE ALARM SETTING HAS BEEN REACHED OR EXCEEDED LIGHT TURNS DISPLAY BACK LIGHT ON OR OFF ALARM THREE POSITION SWITCH CHIRP TOP AUDIBLE INDICATOR CHIRPING OF RADIATION DETECTION FROM RADIACMETER AND THROUGH HEADSET e VIS CENTER BOTH CHIRP AND AUDIBLE ALARM DISABLED VISUAL ALARM OPERATING AUD VIS BOTTOM TREND LIGHTS ILLUMINATED AND AUDIBLE AND VISUAL INDICATOR ALARMS OPERATE WHEN ALARM SET POINT IS EXCEEDED Figure 8 Toggle switches and alarm settings in the AN PDR 77 ratemeter USACHPPM TG236A 50 August 2001 Version CLEAR TEST PRESSED TO START OPERATING TEST USED WITH OTHER BUTTONS TO PERFORM FILTER CONVERTS INDICATED VARIOUS FUNCTIONS READINGS TO AVERAGE READING UPDATE TIME READINGS DISPLAYED ALARM USED IN SETTING EVERY SECOND OR EVERY 2 SECONDS ALARM SET POINTS BKGRD SUB SUBTRACTS BACKGROUND SCALER ACCUMULATES TOTAL COUNTS FROM INDICATED DISPLAY READING FOR A PREDETERMINED TIME Figure 9 Pushbuttons on the
43. PPM TG236A 13 August 2001 Version This page is intentionally blank USACHPPM TG236A 14 August 2001 Version Chapter 3 A quick guide to Level 1 radiation surveying and sampling 3 1 Introduction The quick guide assumes that you and your team are already familiar with radiological sampling and radiation surveying techniques You and your team must be aware of all of the health and safety issues involved with your radiation survey General health and safety are covered in Chapter 2 Before beginning a radiological radiation survey make sure that you understand the following flowchart and checklist on the next page The flowchart in Figure 1 describes the overall process necessary to conduct a radiation survey The dashed connections in Figure 1 are suggested routes of communication It is extremely important to contact a health physicist or nuclear medical science officer 72A early in the Level 1 process It 1s also recommended that you contact the Health Physics Program at USACHPPM when starting a survey See Appendix H for a list of contacts and Chapter 4 for detailed guidance on radiation surveying and sampling Level process Communicate with Survey and interpret data Sample soil the laboratory if samples are taken Commander s report physicist or NMSO Communicate lab results back to the field Archive data and results Consult with a health Archive samples Archive samples Garrison Actions Figure 1 TG 2
44. REQUEST TABLE 4 LIST ADDITIONAL ANALYSES ON PAGE 3 ARE THERE ADDITIONAL ANALYSES ON PAGE 3 Oves PART IE TURNAROUND REQUEST TME 1 INDICATE SAMPLE OR PROJ ECT TAT PRIORITY 2 DATE RESULTS NEEDED dd S tandard 29 days dd mmm yyyy xx KNOT Bk High Priority 14 days TAT is calculated using calendar days from the date of sample receipt All samples are Q Top Priority 7 days routinely processed as STANDARD analysis High priority and Top priority requests p y should be coordinated with DLS and are subject to cost surcharges CHPPM Form 330 R E Nov 2000 MCHB TS LID Page 1 of 3 USACHPPM TG236A 88 August 2001 Version PART PROJECT COORDINATION NFORMATDN 1 ARE SAMPLING KIT SUPPLIES NEEDED D YES Complete Item 2 NO Skip to Item 3 2 DATE KIT SUPPLIES REQUESTED BY 3 EXPECTED OF SHIPMENTS For preparation of blanks dd mmm yyyy a Kit Handling Preference PICK UP by project officer 4 SPECIAL HANDLING REQUIREMENTS CHAIN OF CUS TODY COC COC document should be nitided the field and forwarded with samples SHIP TO Please provide address in box below Shipping Address include Bldg and Phone SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS S pecify ANALYSES WITH SHORT HOLDING TIMES List S pecific Analyses C OTHER Specify b Number of coolers requested PART V ANALYTICAL REPORT OPTIDNS 1 DELIVER RESULTS BY Indicate preference
45. WR switch CLR TEST push button DOSE PER HR ACCUM DOSE ATTEN LIGHT switch ALARM 3 position switch DOSE and RATE lights USACHPPM TG236A Toggle switch turns power on up and off down If depressed and held CLR TEST activates the preoperational self test It changes settings when used with other buttons Used with other buttons to set the dose rate alarm display the dose rate alarm set point and clear the accumulated dose When pressed the accumulated dose is displayed This button is used with other buttons to perform various other functions When the VDR 2 is mounted in a vehicle pressing this button displays the dose external to a vehicle Used with the CLR TEST button to display the attenuation factor On off toggle switch that turns display light on or off The light intensity is not very bright and in daylight conditions the light may not be visible The light should only be left on when needed as it drastically increases the battery use Used to change audible settings for the instrument In the AUD position up top an alarm will sound when either alarm set point is exceeded In the OFF position center alarm will sound In the VIS position bottom the RATE or DOSE light illuminates when either set point is exceeded Illuminate when the dose rate or accumulated dose alarm set points are exceeded and the alarm 18 set to VIS 47 August 2001 Version Panel controls from left Table 14 Fr
46. absorbed dose rate rads h The AN VDR 2 is the standard Army RADIAC instrument issued to every deployable unit The AN VDR 2 includes a pair of energy compensated GM tubes identical to that found with the AN VDR 77 The AN VDR 2 15 normally used to measure dose rates and accumulated doses The scaler ratemeter can detect the type of probe attached and automatically set the correct operating characteristics Because each probe is calibrated with a particular unit only under extreme circumstances may a probe be used with a unit other than the one with which it was calibrated If circumstances require using a mismatched probe and scaler the results must be considered suspect until they are confirmed with a calibrated system Both the AN PDR 77 and the AN VDR 2 use three 9V batteries as a power source The minimum lifetime of the batteries in the AN PDR 77 is about 50 hours and in the AN VDR 2 the minimum lifetime 1s about 100 hours of constant use After the low battery warning 1s triggered there are about 10 operational hours left on the AN VDR 2 and about 5 operational hours left on the AN PDR 77 Figure 6 15 a picture of the digital readout meter resting on the D y probe Table 13 and Table 14 list the front panel components of the AN VDR 2 and AN PDR 77 and their respective functions Figure 7 through Figure 12 show the major components controls and indicators of the AN VDR 2 and the AN PDR 77 including switches buttons and disp
47. acilities 1n the area Coal ash fertilizer other mineral processes in the area Nuclear power plants in the area USACHPPM TG236A Circle one Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown 111 If yes describe the evidence or attach the record August 2001 Version Soil Sample Collection USACHPPM Health Physics Program TG 236A sampling Location Radiation survey Unit ID sample Types Grab and Soil Analyses Desired Gross op and Team Leader samples packed by POC 10 minute y spectroscopy CHPPM Main DLS s 765 814 USACHPPM Project number if applicable List the Field ID and NATO Date Time Group NATO Date Time Group DDTTTTZMMMYYYY Tamper Resistant Seals Used LI Yes LI No Chain of Custody Information Sign and Print Name Released By Received By Purpose of Transfer Notes _ Notes and Comments USACHPPM TG236A 112 August 2001 Version Field Chain of Custody Sheet USACHPPM Health Physics Program TG 236A Date of Collection Page lof 2 Radiation survey Unit ID sampling Location Team Leader sample Types Grab and Soil Analyses Desired Gross op and 10 minute y spectroscopy CHPPM Main Samples packed by POC DLS s 765 814 USACHPPM Project number if applicable List the Field ID and time of collection
48. ademark of S C Johnson and Son Inc Racine WI USA 53403 2236 USACHPPM TG236A 25 August 2001 Version 4 3 Setting up the radiation survey unit The recommended maximum area for each outdoor radiation survey unit is 10 000 m For each indoor radiation survey unit the recommended maximum area is 100 m of floor space The minimum unit area for an outdoor radiation survey is a rectangle 16 meters long and 12 meters wide 192 m If the radiation survey unit is less than 192 for an outdoor unit or less than 10 m for an indoor unit then you should alert a nuclear medical science officer 72A or a health physicist and initiate an external gamma scan of the area and an x ray scan if the x ray probe is available The radiation survey unit should encompass an area that 1s suspected to have elevated levels of radiation If you are radiation surveying near a potentially contaminated item for example a tank damaged by a depleted uranium penetrator the radiation survey unit should be centered on that potentially contaminated item If you suspect that radioactive materials were released in the air you may want to conduct additional radiation surveys downwind to determine the spread of the contamination The radiation survey unit 1s a rectangle that delineates the actual area to be surveyed The width of the rectangle is marked off into six units and the length is marked off into eight units Entry to the radiation survey unit may be controll
49. adiation level is 50 mR hr then the maximum duration is OR 1000mR days 9R Ce 7 5 days If you know the unit s current RES category but do not know the unit s accumulated dose then use Table 5 through Table 9 pages 33 through 34 These tables assume the RES category average value as the unit s accumulated dose To use the tables first find the table of your present RES If your unit has not been exposed to radiation above background then use Table 5 RES of 0 Then find the average radiation level the Net Reading from your Data Radiation survey Sheet in the left column Then find your assigned OEG in the top row The maximum number of days that can be spent in that area without exceeding the OEG 1s the intersection of that row and column USACHPPM TG236A 31 August 2001 Version Table 4 NATO recommended actions for RES categories RES Total Cumulative Dose Actions Category See notes 1 and 2 50 mR to 500 mR 0 05 cGy to 0 5 cGy Record individual dose measurements Initiate periodic monitoring 500 mR to5 R 0 5 cGy to 5 cGy Record individual dose measurements Continue monitoring Initiate rad radiation survey Establish dose control measures as part of operations Prioritize tasks SRtolOR 5 cGy to 100 cGy Record individual dose measurements Continue monitoring and update radiation survey Continue dose control measures Execute priority tasks only See note 3 IORto25R 10 cGy to 25 cGy Record individual
50. al Information Circle all that apply Prevailing wind speed units Prevailing wind direction deg mil Terrain Open Brush Wooded Ground Condition Dry Normal Moist Wet Flat Hilly Mountainous Dusty Compact Sandy Gravel Known industrial activity in the area Direction and distance Radiation surveyors Reviewer Date Signatures POC EUR _ DSN 486 8551 PAC DSN 263 8502 MAIN DSN 584 4375 COM 49 6371 86 8551 COM 81 3117 63 8502 COM 410 436 4375 TG 236A Level 1 Assessment Radiological Health Risk Planning and Projection U S Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine United States Army Medical Department USACHPPM TG236A 20 August 2001 Version Table 2 Instructions for using the Radiation Survey Data Table on the following pages Instruction ID a Circle the type of instrument used AN PDR 77 or VDR 2 Record the calibration date Cal Due Date and the serial number SN of the instrument b Record the check source measurement results refer to Chapter 4 section 4 8 for the requirements for operational checks C Record the radiological background data and take soil samples at the 3 background locations Record the average background readings d Evaluate and record the GPS grid A and B locations e Perform the radiation survey and record the results e Record the appropriate instrument reading in the center of each numbered box e Collect soil samples Collect two kilog
51. an zero at the beginning of the mission and you do not know the accumulated dose for the unit then you use the RES category average value as the unit s accumulated dose The average value for RES 1A is 275 mR for 1B it is 2 75 R for 1C it is 7 5 R for ID itis 17 5 R and for 1E itis 50 R Add this average value to the total dose for the mission to determine the new accumulated dose for the unit The total dose for the mission is the average radiation level the Net Reading from your Data Radiation survey Sheet times the duration of the mission Be sure to put the numbers in the proper units Once you find your new accumulated dose refer to Table 4 to determine the RES category 5 4 Estimating numerical values for a mission duration Equation 1 below can be used to estimate a mission duration The parameter Ry is the net reading from block e on the Radiation Survey Data Table of the datasheet Equation 1 Estimating the duration of a mission Mission Duration OEG Existing esu R N If the existing exposure is not known but the unit s RES is known then use midpoint of the RES category as the value for Existing Exposure in Equation 1 The units of the numerator in Equation 1 are radiological dose units e g mR or cGy and the units of the denominator are radiological dose rate units e g mR h or cGy h Example calculations Example 1 A unit with no previous radiation exposure is directed to occupy an area where the
52. and is the case in proper working order probes present RADIAC Meter Inspection Is the meter free of obvious damage Beta Gamma Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage Alpha Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage especially the Mylar window X ray Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage RPO Kit Pancake Probe SN micro R Probe SN Yes Are the pancake probe and micro probe present Pancake Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage micro R Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage Preoperational Test If the unit passes the preoperational test in the Technical Manual the unit is ready for the operational check source test See the flowchart page 30 If the instrument fails the test twice then notify your supervisor 3 Mylar is a registered trademark of E I du Pont de Nemours and Company Inc 1007 Market Street Wilmington Delaware USA 19899 USACHPPM TG236A 54 August 2001 Version Chapter 8 Sampling and sample management The majority of this chapter was adapted from Handbook for Sampling and Identification of Radiological Agents The principal objective of sampling 1s to provide reliable estimates of radionuclide concentrations in environmental media food and bioassay media The level of accuracy of such measurements 15 not only dependent on the analytical method used by a laboratory but also by
53. ants venomous insects and snakes toxic chemicals gunfire and unsanitary conditions before undertaking Level radiation surveys The procedures in this document should not be undertaken if they endanger the health and safety of personnel unless so ordered by the commander several precautions can help minimize the radiological risk to the radiation surveyors during a Level 1 radiation survey Surveyors must be aware of potential radiological hazards that might not be detected by their instrumentation TG238 is a useful reference to aid in identifying potential hazards For example if elevated alpha activity 1s present or 1s suspected to be present higher echelon assets shall be notified as soon as possible radiation surveyors should have an operating D y probe and should be watching the dose rate while approaching any potentially contaminated area The list below outlines health and safety precautions from NATO Handbook for Sampling and Identification of Radiological Agents SIRA ALW AYS be aware of the hazards that you may encounter in the field and take the necessary precautions NEVER attempt any field activities without the appropriate safety equipment Always know how to use it Use the buddy system do not become separated from the radiation survey team activities SHALL BE conducted so that exposures are maintained as low as reasonably achievable ALARA BE AWARE of turn back dose rates and radiation exposure status
54. apter 8 Sampling and sample management e eee eee e e eee eee e eee eee ee enne 55 o 1 Commonmsamiple Colleton DractiCe S eoe 55 8 2 General site selection Considerations att 55 8 3 Proper selection of sample eene nnne 56 SX VOIGING C OSS Conta Mina O on eost o Pneu eod 57 USACHPPM TG236A 1 August 2001 Version 8 5 Sample ID sample labels and field sampling 57 So asample ID aud osse n tec ve 57 8 5 2 5dttiple COME CTIOM LOPS od ood 59 5 Dc IO CUS LOG css dessine ae itu Lom I fecti icu conum 61 8 Field c stody considerations 61 5 0 2 kranser Of CUSLOUJ ues ete iced cte ee 61 8 6 3 Instructions for fulfilling chain of custody requirements 61 8 6 3 1 Chain of custody for samples requiring strict 62 8 6 3 2 Picld ch m ofF custody Suidance poete eias on E NES OR OR edits NE 63 8 6 3 3 Sample security when strict custody is 63 8 7 Field processing preservation and transport of samples from the survey 67 S L b General 67 9 1 2
55. asurements USACHPPM TG236A 18 August 2001 Version Checklist for a Level 1 Assessment Page 3 of 3 LJ Record any topographical information on the radiation survey unit schematic E Interpret the data using the tables in Chapter 5 and fill out the Field Results Summary checklist E Report the results of the assessment to the commander LJ Send the samples and a copy of the paperwork to the appropriate laboratory for gross ap measurement and 10 minute qualitative gamma spectroscopy Send a copy of the paperwork to CHPPM Main HPP or other appropriate nuclear medical science officer LJ Decide on the final disposition of the samples with the advice of the command staff CHPPM Main HPP and the laboratory USACHPPM TG236A 19 August 2001 Version Table 1 Site Assessment and Cover Sheet Site Assessment and Cover Sheet Location Project Radiation survey Unit ID Personnel Information Length of stay Circle one Hours Days Weeks Months Years Site Use Unit s Existing RES Personnel occupation time h day Circle the appropriate information below describing expected use Water source ROWPU Bottled Other specify Food source Pre packaged Local CONUS _ Other specify Site use Housing Storage Other specify Types of activity in area Sleep Rest Minimal Labor Moderate Labor Heavy Labor Laundry facilities Military Local Other Specify Decon facilities available No Yes Geographical and Meteorologic
56. ata and perhaps samples should be archived for future reference 1f needed USACHPPM TG236A 16 August 2001 Version 3 2 Checklist for a Level 1 Assessment Page 1 of 3 The checklists instructions and data sheets in this section are for review only For an actual assessment make copies of and use the removable survey packet in Appendix D L Review USACHPPM TG236A sections cited in this checklist refer to TG2364A Inform CHPPM or a nuclear medical science officer that you are starting a Level 1 radiation survey If samples are to be collected inform the laboratory USACHPPM points of contact are shown in Appendix H and USACHPPM Directorate of Laboratory Sciences points of contact are shown in Chapter 11 CAUTION If elevated alpha activity is present or is suspected to be present higher echelon assets must be notified as soon as possible Gather supplies See Chapter 4 section 4 1 Review the instructions for using the Radiation Survey Data Table on page 21 LJ Record the check source measurements in section b of the Radiation survey Data Table If this reading 1s within 30 of the value on the calibration sheet proceed with the radiation survey If not see Chapter 4 section 4 8 Gather and document any information you can about the area to be radiation surveyed L Answer the site assessment questions on the Site Assessment and Cover Sheet on page 20 Record the meteorological data on the day of the
57. background samples and other sampling locations Step 9 Visually inspect the sampling equipment and replace or clean 1f necessary Use alpha beta instruments to determine if the sampler remains contaminated Step 10 For each soil sample collected complete a soil sampling form Place the original forms in a sealed plastic bag to be shipped with the sample step 11 Periodically perform radiation surveys on vehicles and personnel used during sampling step 12 Throughout the mission perform personnel and equipment monitoring contamination check using the guidance in Chapter 6 10 3 Sampling guidance for specific soil types This section provides guidance for sampling specific soil types This guidance is very general and is not required for sampling It is best to perform the sampling after consulting with specialist advisors in environmental or radiological sampling Use the information in this section as a starting point if there 1s difficulty in collecting samples 10 3 1 Sampling in dry loose and sandy soils After selecting the location of sampling and the sampling pattern to be used don rubber gloves and remove all vegetation to a height of 1 2 cm above the soil and save for vegetation analysis if desired 10 3 1 1 Stamp method Press the 10 10 1 cm stamp into the desired location rubber mallet may be used if necessary to assist Usethe matching scoop to slide beneath stamp trapping the sample with
58. be made for the items on this list A list of additional equipment is in 0 e AN PDR 77 or AN VDR 2 and Copy of TG236A and datasheets the corresponding user s manuals e Extra batteries for the RADIAC meters and Copies of the removable survey packet other instruments from TG236A GPS receiver optional and tape measure e Disposable dust masks optional e Pens e Indelible marker e Soil sampling tool e g trowel or e Sample labels entrenching tool e Sealing or other strong tape e Flags or other land marking items e Rubber gloves e Distilled water at least 4 liters e Calculator e Leather or gardener s gloves e Fifty 50 1 gallon Ziploc or similar plastic bags Other sample containers may be used in coordination with the laboratory 4 2 Selecting a radiation survey unit The choice of the radiation survey unit depends on the overall military operation In general a single radiation survey unit should be limited to an area with uniform environmental characteristics For example if the commander wants a radiation survey of an area that includes both farmland and industrial plants this area should be divided into two radiation survey units A single room or a group of similar rooms can constitute a single radiation survey unit However if you are radiation surveying a warehouse its parking lot and an adjacent vacant lot then consider each area as a single radiation survey unit Ziploc is a registered tr
59. boratory Services CHPPM Main DOD Department of Defense DQOs Data quality objectives see Glossary FDA Food and Drug Administration FM Field manual GM Geiger Mueller counter GPS Global positioning system HPP Health Physics Program at CHPPM Main HQDA Headquarters Department of the Army IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency IAW In accordance with ICRP International Commission on Radiological Protection LLR Low level radiation MACOM Major Commands US Army MARSSIM Multi Agency Radiation survey and Site Investigation Manual MOPP Mission oriented protective posture NARM Naturally occurring or accelerator produced radioactive material NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NBC Nuclear biological and chemical NCOIC Noncommissioned officer in charge NERD Nuclear Emergency and Radiological Decision handbook NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NMSO Nuclear Medical Science Officer NORM Naturally occurring radioactive material NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission NSN National stock number OCONUS Outside the continental United States OEG Operational exposure guidance see Glossary OIC Officer in charge PM Preventive medicine QA QC Quality control quality assurance RADIAC Radiation detection identification and computation RCCCD Radiologic Classic and Clinical Chemistry Division RD Research document RES Radiation exposure status see Glossary USACHPPM TG236A 97 August 2001 Version ROWPU Reverse o
60. by a single chain of custody form Sealing the package to deter tampering with the samples the seal should indicate if the sample has been opened or tampered with during shipment Enclosing the paperwork the chain of custody and sample forms in a plastic sealable bag The sealable bag serves to protect the sampling forms from inadvertent sample leakage The bag should be securely attached to the sample container 9 2 2 Sample inspection administration ID confirmation Verifying the identity of a sample is a simple process where the appearance sample container label chain of custody form and sample collection form are inspected Nonconformance between labels ID numbers forms and chain of custody forms must be resolved immediately before final packaging and shipping Visual inspection allows one to Verify the identity of samples by matching container IDs and sample form IDs Verify that the samples are as described by matrix and quantity Check the tamper seal Verify field preparation if appropriate including removal of extraneous materials USACHPPM TG236A 70 August 2001 Version Note any change in sample since collection e g from chemical reactions If these problems cannot be resolved upon receipt or by coordination with the sampling team the sample must be rejected for nonconformance 9 2 3 Sample shipping samples should be delivered to the analysts within a reasonable amount of time For som
61. ckage type that meets specifications should be used a frestrictions require the shipment to be sub typed as Type A the shipping container must be certified as meeting the specifications in 173 410 173 412 173 415 such as the DOT specification 7A b certification 1s required for the shipment of Limited Quantity or Instruments and Articles 5 Special Restrictions packages may include special instruction if the package weighs more than 110 pounds and or contains materials being shipped as fissile or containing an additional hazard other than the radioactive hazard 6 Package Assembly Each package type must have the appropriate certification statement prepared to enclose in the package included with the packing list or otherwise forwarded with the package a Limited Quantity Inner package must be marked Radioactive along with statement This package conforms to the conditions and limitations specified in 49 CFR 173 421 for radioactive material expected package limited quantity of material UN2910 b Instruments or Articles No requirement for the marking Radioactive Certification statement must read This package conforms to the conditions and limitations specified in 49 CFR 173 424 for radioactive material expected package instruments or articles UN2910 c Type A This package has DOT specification labels or is identified by the DOT specification number Must be shipped in the same config
62. copies When samples are split the event should be noted in the Notes and Comments section of the chain of custody record The team should complete a separate chain of custody record for custody and shipment of the split samples A sample chain of custody form 1s shown in Figure 14 on page 66 8 6 3 1 Chain of custody for samples requiring strict custody Most of section 8 6 3 1 through section 8 6 3 3 was adapted from Groundwater Field Sampling Manual P To be admissible as evidence sample results must be traceable back through their collection storage handling shipment and analysis so that the court 1s satisfied how the sample results submitted as evidence were collected transferred and claimed This is accomplished by following chain of custody procedures from sample collection to introduction as evidence Field records identifying sampling personnel equipment collection storage and transfer techniques and field conditions are required The sample collector 1s responsible for maintaining sample custody and integrity until the samples are transferred via a dated and signed chain of custody form to a carrier or are personally delivered and transferred directly to the laboratory A sample is in custody if it is gt In physical possession or gt In view after being in physical possession or gt Secured so that no one can tamper with it The courts have accepted two degrees of chain of custody The first involves physical pos
63. d and use the proper units in any calculation 5 5 Archiving When the data interpretation and communication is completed all the associated paperwork should be preserved and archived To archive the data fill out Field Results Summary Checklist and attach copies of all paperwork with the samples The documentation should be kept by the command Send an additional copy of all documentation to Health Physics Program HPP at CHPPM Main USACHPPM TG236A 27 August 2001 Version This page is intentionally blank USACHPPM TG236A 38 August 2001 Version Chapter 6 Contamination control procedures Except for nuclear war radiological contamination is a minor concern in most instances On page 67 of Medical Management of Radiological Casualties First Edition it states It is impossible for a living patient a radiation surveyor in our case to be so contaminated as to pose a threat to medical providers Do not panic if you discover that you might be contaminated take the appropriate steps for decontamination Remember that despite your best efforts some degree of contamination may remain This chapter includes procedures for setting up decontamination and monitoring station personnel and equipment monitoring procedures and decontamination procedures to be followed in the event of radiological contamination Table 12 at the end of this chapter 1s a comprehensive list of Army documents that contain decontamination and other related procedures
64. dentification of Radiological Agents from which most of this information was adapted This chapter is intended to expand on the information in Chapter 4 and provide greater detail for specific soil sampling situations Precautions Limitations Ground contamination may vary significantly from place to place hot spots local dose rate averages are helpful in choosing a representative sampling location Soil sampling is to be done after a release has ended and after plume passage exposure to external radiation 1s possible but inhalation hazards may only be due to re suspended materials Team members should be aware of commanders dose and turn back dose rate guidance No sample is worth life or limb Always be aware of the hazards that you may encounter in the field and take the necessary precautions Never attempt any field activities without the appropriate safety equipment Always know how to use it monitoring activities shall be conducted so that exposures are maintained as low as reasonably achievable Team members shall be aware of turn back levels Monitoring teams must refrain from eating drinking or smoking in any contaminated areas or where monitoring activities are being conducted 10 1 Prior to being dispatched step 1 a Receive an initial briefing and initial assignments from Command b Obtain appropriate equipment See Chapter 4 c Check instrument performance d Conduct the radio check when leaving for the
65. dition Military Medical Operations Office Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute www afrri usuhs mil 1999 7 Nuclear Weapon Accident Response Procedures DoD 3150 8 M Defense Threat Reduction Agency 1999 8 Preparedness and Response in Radiation Accidents Food and Drug Administration 1983 Reprinted by Nucleon Lectern Associates Inc 9 The AN PDR 77 Draft Technical Manual TM 11 6665 365 12 amp P Headquarters Department of the Army 1994 10 Grober Edward Draft AN PDR 77 Users Guide Project Manger NBCDS RADIAC Project Office AMCPM NNN F Fort Monmouth NJ 1997 11 AN PDR 77User s Guide AMCPM NNN F Headquarters Department of the Army 1997 12 The Production Qualification Test POT of the Alpha RADIAC Set AN PDR 77 White sands Missile Range Nuclear Effects Directorate 1993 13 Groundwater Field Sampling Manual PUBL DG 038 96 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bureau of Drinking Water and Groundwater 1996 14 Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials 1996 Edition International Atomic Energy Agency No STI Vienna 1996 USACHPPM TG236A 133 August 2001 Version 15 Directorate of Laboratory Sciences Customer Service Manual USACHPPM Technical Guide 214 July 2001 16 The Army Radiation Safety Program Axmy Regulation 11 9 Headquarters Department of the Army 1999 17 Nuclear Contamination Avoidance FM 3 3 1 Headquarters Department of the Army 1994 USACHPPM
66. e One gray is equal to an absorbed dose of 1 joule kilogram 100 rad Grid In this technical guide grid refers exclusively to map reference points Half life The time required for one half of the atoms present 1 a particular radionuclide to decay Every radionuclide has a different half life ranging from fractions of seconds to billions of years As an example if we start with 100 atoms of a radionuclide with a 5 year half life in 5 years only 50 atoms will be left and in another 5 years only half of those atoms 25 atoms will be left Hazard Any real or potential condition that can cause injury illness death of personnel damage to or loss of equipment or property or mission degradation Health risk assessment In TG 236A a health risk assessment means the process that identifies and evaluates the risk to human health of exposures to radiation or radioactive materials Intake The amount of a radionuclide taken into the body by inhalation ingestion or absorption through the skin USACHPPM TG236A 92 August 2001 Version Ionizing radiation Charged subatomic particles and ionized atoms with kinetic energies greater than 12 4 eV electromagnetic radiation with photon energies greater than 12 4 eV and all free neutrons and other uncharged subatomic particles except neutrinos and antineutrinos Measurement The term measurement encompasses both sampling and radiation surveying Operational checks Those pr
67. e contamination scenarios short lived radionuclides fission or activation products could be present and unnecessary delays in transport or analysis could result in the loss of this information The time requirements for shipping should be made in consultation with the analytical lab NBC personnel command national and international regulators and other appropriate personnel Packages and sample containers are screened for external exposure rates and surface contamination before shipping Radiological screening of shipping and sample containers should be performed with a dose rate meter and a beta gamma and alpha contamination radiation survey meter The Technical Escort Unit is a good resource for shipping and other transportation issues 9 2 3 1 OCONUS shipping If OCONUS samples are sent off site for analysis via commercial carrier the consignor is responsible for complying with all applicable international regulations Requirements will include use of a proper container or packaging dependent on the total activity of the shipment and the dose equivalent rates measured at the exterior of the package Additional requirements include package marking and labeling and completion of proper shipping papers Specific guidance for the shipment of radioactive material 1s found in the International Atomic Energy Agencies IAEA Safety Series Number 6 report Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials This 1s the document cited in the SIRA
68. e the assessment begins Other good stuff The appendices contain additional information that will be useful to people who use this document In particular the removable survey packet in Appendix D can be removed and copied as many times as the user needs The rest of the appendices contain definitions points of contact summaries of regulations and other procedures Appendix A Glossary Appendix B List of Abbreviations Appendix C Equipment common to sampling and radiation surveying Appendix D A removable packet for Level 1 radiation surveying and sampling Appendix E Field Results Summary Checklist Appendix F Preventive medicine officer s information for dose tracking Appendix G CONUS transportation regulations and procedures Appendix H Points of contact Appendix I References USACHPPM TG236A 6 August 2001 Version 1 2 Overview Traditional nuclear biological and chemical NBC doctrine was developed to address radiological conditions such as the use of nuclear weapons on the battlefield that might lead to degradation of mission performance of soldiers or units Recently as the United States has become more involved in support and stability operations SASO concern regarding the potential long term health hazards of deployment has risen among the troops and the leadership In response to this concern the medical community has developed ways to detect assess and record potential health risks This guide focuses on esti
69. e for equipment and procedures e Designing and performing radiation surveys as described in this document e Planning coordinating and executing environmental sampling soil and water for shipment to and analysis by higher echelon assets Prior coordination with the element that will analyze samples will avoid misunderstandings and enhance data quality e Comparing results of radiation survey and analyses to pre set action levels e Communicating results of the radiation survey and analyses as ordered by command staff The personnel involved in a Level 1 radiation survey may include radiation surveyors PM personnel 72E amp D and 91S nuclear medical science officers 72A commanders commanders need timely guidance on radiation exposure potentials and their risks to personnel and USACHPPM USACHPPM health physics personnel might be able to use the data to offer assistance for a more detailed radiation survey or analysis Normally theater level commanders or higher make the decision concerning the OEG for a mission and its duration The Level 1 radiation survey and assessment should result in data that will estimate either the maximum potential radiation exposure or the mission duration for a specified OEG USACHPPM TG236A 8 August 2001 Version 1 4 Disclaimers l Because the AN PDR 77 displays exposure rate in multiples of milliroentgen per hour and the AN VDR 2 displays absorbed dose rates in multiples of gray per hour the
70. e for the project or the project decision maker Telephone Number List the phone number of the project officer Was the Project Coordinated with DLS Indicate Yes or No This will help prevent miscommunication and delays when processing your request DLS Technical Consultant List the name of the DLS staff member you notified or coordinated with about the project Fund Source Indicate the category of funding your project is being submitted under Date Sample to Arrive At DLS List the date dd mmm yyyy 12 Dec 2000 you expect DLS to receive your samples Note Prior arrangements must be made with DLS SML for samples delivery outside of the routine duty hours M F 0800 1630 hrs This requirement includes weekend and holiday deliveries Project Installation The installation or site where sampling is occurring Location State Country List the location of the installation or site This information helps the laboratory determine applicable regulatory laboratory quality standards Project Name List the name of project as referred to in your project plan USACHPPM TG236A 84 August 2001 Version PART ANALYSIS REQUESTED Project Description Objective Write a brief description of the primary project objective Indicate whether the samples are being analyzed for screening monitoring regulatory compliance or health concern purposes Sample or Site History Write a brief statement indicating any pertinent sampl
71. e or site histories that DLS staff members should be aware of when analyzing the samples Analytical Request Table List in the table on pages and 3 if needed the analysis requested for the project Acode DLS Test Code CHPPM DLS analytical procedure code if known b Analytical Method Description Analysis name or abbreviation e g Turbidity VOCs Lead etc Method Number List the standard method number e g NIOSH 1501 EPA 200 7 ASTM 1613 Matrix The predominate material for which the sample 15 to be analyzed e g Drinking Water DW Soils Air Bulk etc sample Count The number of samples to be analyzed for each method and matrix Comments Special Request List any specific special comments or special supplies needed for each method and matrix e g Blanks Special Media Extra Containers Preservatives Forms etc Are There Additional Analyses on Page 3 Indicate Yes or No PART TURNAROUND REQUEST TIME Complete all sections Project Turnaround TAT Time Priority Select the pnonty you would like for your project Note TAT is calculated using calendar days from date of sample receipt in the laboratory Samples are routinely processed as Standard Priority High Priority and Top Priority requests require coordination with DLS and are subject to cost surcharges a Standard Priority 29 days b High Priority 14 days Top Priority 7 days USACHPPM TG236A 85 Au
72. ecay The spontaneous transformation of an unstable atom into one or more different nuclides accompanied by either the emission of energy and or particles from the nucleus nuclear capture USACHPPM TG236A 93 August 2001 Version or ejection of orbital electrons or fission Unstable atoms decay into a more stable state eventually reaching a form that does not decay further or has a very long half life Radiation exposure status RES The radiation exposure status is the current cumulative radiation dose for a given unit of soldiers or the cumulative radiation dose at the end of a given mission including any radiation dose acquired before the mission Radioactivity The mean number of nuclear transformations occurring in a given quantity of radioactive material per unit time The International System SI unit of radioactivity 1s the becquerel The traditional unit 1s the curie Ci Radionuclide An unstable nuclide that undergoes radioactive decay Reference standard man A hypothetical aggregation of human physical and physiological characteristics arrived at by international consensus that 15 used by researchers to standardize results of experiments and relate them to human biology 5 Rem A unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent The dose equivalent in rems 15 equal to the absorbed dose in rads multiplied by the quality factor 1 rem 0 01 sievert Resuspension The process whereby materials dep
73. ecord the appropriate instrument reading in the center of each numbered box Collect soil samples Collect two kilograms of soil in block 1 Soil QC and split the sample Return to block 1 1 Soil QC and repeat the appropriate measurements D y probe and x ray Exclude the Goc measurement in block 1 and take the average of all the D y probe measurements Record the results Record the personnel information Record the length and width of the radiation survey unit Indicate the measurement units used for all of the measurements You must be aware of any scale changes and use the same units for all measurements Indicate north in the Indicate North box Record topographical information on Radiation Survey Unit Schematic Answer the Potential Radiological Hazard ID to the best of your ability Use TG238 and other references if available USACHPPM TG236A 109 August 2001 Version Radiation Survey Data Table Page 1 of 2 Radiation survey Unit ID Circle the instrument used GPS Grid Coordinates GPS Grid below LL ANPpz VDR3 due ba e Radios survey Risus G X G X Average Reading Check Source Measurements Pre radiation survey Average Background Reading _ Post radiation survey 1 Net Reading Radiological Background Information Personnel Information Radiation Location G X surveyors E o o Oae d Radiatio
74. ectronic or hard copy form at least 30 days before sample collection whenever possible USACHPPM TG236A 87 August 2001 Version Directorate of Laboratory S ervices DLS CONTROL NUMBER REQUEST FOR LABORATORY SERV ICES S ee CHPPM TG 214 for instructions on completing this form PART PROJECT INFORMATION PLEASE PRINT OR TYPE ALL REQUESTED INFORMATION INDICATES REQUIRED FIELDS 1 DATE OF REQUEST dd mmm yyyy 2 PROGRAM NUMBER 3 JONO 4 SUBJ ONO 5 PROJECT OFFICER s 6 TELEPHONE 7 Was this project coordinated with DLS YES NO 8 DLS TECHNICAL CONSULTANT 9 FUND SOURCE P84 cowriNGENCY OTHER REIMBURSABLE specify 10 DATE SAMPLE TO ARRIVE AT DLS Prior arrangements must be made with SML for samples that dd mmm yyyy will arrive outside of routine duty hours M F 0730 1600 This includes weekend and holiday deliveries 11 PROJECT INSTALLATION 12 LOCATION STATE COUNTRY 13 PROJECT NAME PART IE ANALYSIS REQUESTED 1 PROJ ECT DESCRIPTION OBJ ECTIV E 2 SAMPLE OR SITE HISTORY High toxicity etc Project officer is not required to use the following table customized spreadsheet table containing the specified information may be attached SAMPLE COMMENTS SPECIAL REQUEST ANALYTICAL METHOD DESCRIPTION MATRIX COUNT e g Blanks Special M edia Extra Containers Forms etc 765 GROSS ALPHABETA 814 10MINUTE QUAL GAMMA SPEC _ 3 ANALYTICAL
75. ed Other specify Food source Pre packaged Local CONUS Other specify Site use Housing Storage Other specify Types of activity in area Sleep Rest Minimal Labor Moderate Labor Heavy Labor Laundry facilities Military Local Other Specify Decon facilities available No Yes Geographical and Meteorological Information Circle all that apply Prevailing wind speed units Prevailing wind direction deg mil Terrain Open Brush Wooded Ground Condition Dry Normal Moist Wet Flat Hilly Mountainous Dusty Compact Sandy Gravel Known industrial activity in the area Direction and distance Radiation surveyor s Date Signatures TG 236A Level 1 Assessment Radiological Health Risk Planning and Projection U S Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine United States Army Medical Department USACHPPM TG236A 108 August 2001 Version Instructions for using the Radiation Survey Data Table on the following pages Instruction ID a p 09 A Circle the type of instrument used AN PDR 77 or VDR 2 Record the calibration date Cal Due Date and the serial number SN of the instrument Record the check source measurement Record the radiological background data and take soil samples at the 3 background locations Record the average background readings Evaluate and record the GPS grid A and B locations Perform the radiation survey and record the results R
76. ed if desired After the radiation survey is completed a decision can be made as to who can enter the area Site assessment information can be recorded on the Site Assessment and Cover Sheet The site assessment sheet contains information about the site conditions personnel involved occupation times site location and geographical and meteorological information A recommended radiation survey unit ID 1s the GPS Grid coordinates of point GPS Grid A from the Radiation Survey Data Table However any unique identifier can be used The radiation survey unit schematic 1s included for recording the pertinent geographical features of the site Following this schematic 15 a list of questions about the radiological features of the site such as the presence of depleted uranium nearby power plants nuclear coal oil gas or other fuel any type of mineral extraction industry or radioactive material storage locations 4 4 Background measurements 4 4 1 Methods Before any radiation survey is begun the naturally occurring background radiation data should be gathered at specified locations The Level 1 assessment recommends three background measurement locations Measurements at the three locations at the 00 1200 and 240 compass directions should be in an background only area thought to be uncontaminated and at least 10 meters from the central point of the area USACHPPM TG236A 26 August 2001 Versi
77. ed to identify field replicate or split samples or for sampling methods that generate more than one sample e g simultaneous particulate and 10dine sampling Note The actual sampler identifier format must be compatible with record keeping systems used to track samples For example the laboratory at CHPPM Main requires that the field identifier of the samples be 15 characters or fewer The example above is 23 characters long A suggested format consisting of 15 characters 1s shown in Chapter 11 Warning If the sample is sufficiently radioactive to trigger a response from hand held instruments the sample containers shall be labeled by means of a yellow and or magenta colored radiation symbol USACHPPM TG236A 58 August 2001 Version 8 5 2 Sample collection forms A sample data sheet must accompany each sample when forwarded for analysis All information relevant to field sampling may be subject to audit and therefore should be well documented on the appropriate sampling forms Critical information that 1s recorded regardless of sample type includes Identification of operation or incident and its date and time Date and time of sampling Grid and GPS location of the sampling point sampled medium sample specific identification number sampling method and equipment used sample preparation and preservation Name of persons collecting the sample or identification of sampling team Physical and meteorological conditions at time of
78. ent to background at this time 5 1 RES categories The field results should be discussed with personnel knowledgeable in radiation protection CHPPM Main HPP can also provide assistance in the final data interpretation and recommendations The discussions should be made with the primary purpose of relaying the results and recommendations to the commander in a useful manner Table 4 1s a listing of recommended actions for radiation exposures that result in different RES categories Your commander is responsible for deciding the OEG for the unit Appendix F contains useful charts for the preventive medicine or chemical officer to track the RES of the various units 5 2 Estimating the maximum duration of a mission before exceeding the OEG The first step in determining the maximum duration of a mission before exceeding the OEG 1s to determine the maximum total dose for that mission The maximum total dose for the mission 1s the OEG minus the unit s current accumulated dose For example if the OEG guidance is not to exceed 10 R equivalent to RES category 1C and the unit s current accumulated dose 1s 1 R then the maximum total dose allowed for the mission is 10 R I 29 R To determine the maximum duration of the mission simply divide the maximum dose allowed by the average radiation level the Net Reading from your Data Radiation survey Sheet Be sure to put the numbers in the proper units To continue with the above example if the average r
79. enter of grid blocks 1 12 The list below 1s a brief set of reminders intended for a radiation surveyor For more detailed guidance on sampling and sample management see Chapter 10 starting on page 75 e Avoid taking soil samples that contain large pieces of organic material sticks roots or plant materials or pebbles and stones larger than 2 5 cm 1 inch e Collect soil samples at the locations laid out on the datasheet e Surface soil samples should be collected from the first 15 cm 6 inches of soil If other depths are used they must be noted on the radiation survey sheet e Ensure that each soil sample weighs about kg about 2 165 Because of the great variation in soil composition moisture content and bulk density it is impossible to specify a particular volume of soil to collect You must use some judgment e Double bag seal with tape and properly label all soil samples e If additional soil samples taken at the discretion of the radiation surveyor ensure that they are marked as additional samples and that the location and why they were collected are recorded USACHPPM TG236A 28 August 2001 Version 4 8 Quality assurance and quality control The intent of QA QC 1s to ensure that the proper data are properly collected with respect to the objectives of the radiation survey The datasheets included in the plan ensure that the data are collected uniformly no matter who the radiation surveyors are o
80. erial prepared as specified in 173 422 b Instruments and Articles may be excepted from the specification for packaging shipping paper and certification marking and labeling requirements provided 1 Package requirements of 173 410 are met 2 The activity of the instrument or article or the entire package contents do not exceed the limits in Table 7 in 173 425 3 Radiation levels at any point external to the instrument or article when measured at 10 centimeters 4 in does not exceed 5 Gy hr 0 5mrem hr 4 Radiation levels at any point on the external surface of a package does not exceed 5 Sv hr 0 5 mrem hr 5 Removable contamination on the external surface does not exceed limits specified in Table 11 of 173 443 a 6 The instrument or article 1s otherwise prepared as specified in 173 422 C Type A Quantity when the requirements for limited quantity or instrument and articles can not be met and provided the activity of the radioactive material does not exceed the limits for A Special form or Normal form as specified in 173 435 you have a Type A quantity NOTE Due to the high cost of shipping materials and control measures the lowest sub type for which a radioactive material would qualify should be used for shipping USACHPPM TG236A 122 August 2001 Version 4 Packaging Requirements the cost of different shipping containers can be very drastic The lowest pa
81. gust 2001 Version 2 Date Results Needed List the actual date dd mmm yyyy 12 Jan 2000 you need your results This information will assist the laboratory with scheduling your work PART IV PROJECT COORDINATION INFORMATION l Are Sampling Kit Supplies Needed Indicate Yes or No 2 Date Kit Supplies Requested By List the actual date dd mmm yyyy 04 Dec 2000 you need your kit and or supplies a Kit Handling Preference Indicate whether you will pick up the kit or request that the laboratory ship it If selecting the shipping option provide address Do not use P O Boxes and a telephone number at the shipping destination b Number of Coolers Requested Indicate the number of coolers you need us to ship to your project site 3 Expected Number of Shipments Indicate the number of sample coolers you plan to ship to the laboratory include direct shipment to our contract labs This information helps the laboratory determine how many Trip Blanks to prepare for your kit 4 Special Handling Requirements Check the handling requirements for your specific project a Chain of Custody COC Check here if your project requires COC COC is legal documentation of the possession and handling of a sample from the time of collection until final disposition b Safety Considerations Hazardous Materials Briefly list the known associated hazardous and safety requirement for your samples If available provide the laboratory wi
82. ible mark the boundaries of and restrict access to the radiation survey unit Divide the unit into 48 blocks as shown on the datasheet Sketch the radiation survey unit landmarks structures and other information on the radiation survey unit schematic Perform the radiation survey The preferred order of steps 1s below CAUTION The radiation surveyor should have the Dy probe operational window closed and should be observing the dose rate while approaching any potentially contaminated area See Chapter 2 Record the external gamma exposure measurements next to the letter G 1n blocks 1 12 on the Radiation Survey Data Table Take a two kilogram soil sample in block 1 split this sample and label one as a QC sample sample the soil from the center of blocks 1 12 as laid out on the Radiation Survey Unit See Chapter 4 section 4 7 If the x ray probe is available record the x ray probe measurements next to the letter X in blocks 1 12 on the Radiation Survey Data Table Record the external gamma exposure measurements next to the letter G 1n blocks 13 24 on the Radiation Survey Data Table Take the QC external gamma exposure rate in block 1 on the Radiation Survey Data Table and record the result next to Goc in block 1 If the x ray probe 15 available the QC x ray probe measurement in block 2 on the Radiation Survey Data Table and record the result next to Xoc in block 2 Record the post operational check source me
83. in blocks 1 12 on the Radiation Survey Data Table O 4 Record the external gamma exposure measurements in blocks 13 24 on the Radiation Survey Data Table 5 Take the QC external gamma exposure rate in block 1 on the Radiation Survey Data Table O Take the QC x ray probe measurement in block 2 on the Radiation Survey Data Table if the probe 1s available O 7 Record the post operational check source measurements USACHPPM TG236A 106 August 2001 Version Checklist for a Level 1 Assessment Page 3 of 3 LJ Record any topographical information on the radiation survey unit schematic n Interpret the data using the tables in Chapter 5 Report the results of assessment to the commander LJ Send the samples and copy of the paperwork to the appropriate laboratory for a gross measurement and 10 minute qualitative gamma spectroscopy Send a copy of the paperwork to CHPPM Main HPP or other appropriate nuclear medical science officer LJ Decide on the final disposition of the samples on the advice of the command staff CHPPM Main HPP and the laboratory USACHPPM TG236A 107 August 2001 Version Site Assessment and Cover Sheet Location Project Radiation survey Unit ID Personnel Information Length of stay Circle one Hours Days Weeks Months Years Site Use Unit s Existing RES Personnel occupation time h day Circle the appropriate information below describing expected use Water source ROWPU Bottl
84. in the stamped area gt Carefully transfer the sample to a clean unused sample container 10 3 1 2 Template method Measure a 30x30cm area for sampling gt Next to the desired area dig away from the sampling area to create a sloping trench with a perpendicular wall along one side of and slightly larger than the sampling area gt Collect the top 5cm of soil from the desired area of the surface at the edge of the wall If the sample location has a cover of vegetation collect it as a separate sample Place the sample into a new container USACHPPM TG236A 77 August 2001 Version 10 3 2 Sampling in moist or loamy soil After selecting the location of sampling and the sampling pattern to be used don rubber gloves and remove all vegetation to a height of 1 2 em above the soil and save for vegetation analysis 1f desired Using an indelible ink pen measure and mark the outside of the sampling tool to the desired depth Press the sampling tool into the ground to the desired depth without twisting or disturbing the grass cover or surface soil Force may be required to get the sampling tool into the ground This may be accomplished by stepping on the top of the sampling tool or using a rubber mallet gt After the sampling tool is at the appropriate depth gently twist it to cleanly remove the topsoil plug intact If the plug cannot be removed intact another method of sampling must be used Place the plug in a new sa
85. iscussed with the shipper to ensure that the required shipping conditions are met For example if the samples are sent by mail and the originator of the sample requires a record that the shipment was delivered the package should be registered with return receipt requested If on the other hand the objective 1s to simply provide a written record of the shipment a certificate of mailing may be a less expensive appropriate alternative 8 6 3 Instructions for fulfilling chain of custody requirements Decisions on what level of security needs to be applied should be made in consultation with command staff the analytical laboratory and the Health Physics Program at USACHPPM An adequate chain of custody record allows tracing of custody and handling of individual samples from the time of field collection through laboratory analysis The chain of custody record should be included in the shipment of each sample and should at a minimum contain the following information e Sample number e Signature of collector e Date and time of collection USACHPPM TG236A 61 August 2001 Version e Sample station location e Number of containers e Signatures of people involved in the chain of possession e Inclusive dates of possession When transferring samples the individuals releasing and receiving them should sign date and note the time on the form The original chain of custody form accompanies the sample shipment while the sampling team retains the
86. ive material is any form that 15 not certified to be special form 1 May be in any physical form gas solid liquid in any type of container glass plastic ceramic 2 When in doubt or without a specific document certifying special form ship radioactive material as normal form 3 Specified as values 3 Shipping Sub type there are 6 sub types for the shipment of radioactive material RAM Limited Quantity Instrument and Article A Quantities B Quantities Low Specific Activity LSA and Surface Contaminated Object SCO The shipment of military items can usually be accomplished under the specifications for Limited Quantity Instrument and Article or Type A Quantity a Limited Quantities a quantity of radioactive material not exceeding the limits specified in 173 425 USACHPPM TG236A 121 August 2001 Version 1 2 3 4 5 Package requirements specified in 173 410 Essentially a strong tight package that 1s easy to handle and will contain the material during incident normal to transportation Radiation levels at any point on the external surface of the package does not exceed 5 Sv h 0 5 mrem hr Removable contamination on the external surface does not exceed limits specified in Table 11 of 173 443 a Outside of inner packaging or outer packaging if no inner packaging must bear the marking Radioactive Mat
87. ke care not to break the person s skin or cause abrasion which could introduce contamination into the bloodstream Clipping the fingernails may remove a significant amount of contamination that remains on the hands after washing Wounds suspected of being contaminated should be irrigated profusely with tepid water and cleaned with a swab Skin cleansing methods in order of harshness are listed 1n Table 11 Table 11 List of cleansing methods in order of harshness to the skin Order Method l Lifting off dry contamination with sticky tape CAUTION Some individuals are allergic to certain adhesives Strong adhesives can also disturb the skin barrier enabling internal uptake of the contamination 2 Flushing with water gt Cleansing with soap and warm water commercial skin cleaner 4 Cleansing with mild abrasive soap soft brush and water 5 Cleansing with skin cleaner with a mild abrasive 6 Cleansing with a complexing solution CAUTION Any agents not designed and approved for use on the human skin should have medical approval before use 7 Cleansing with a mild organic acid e g citric acid CAUTION Any agents not designed and approved for use on the human skin should have medical approval before use After each decontamination attempt radiation survey the surrounding area to ensure that contamination is not being spread Wear gloves and coveralls if they are needed and work from the edges of the contaminated area
88. l analyses required of the sample as well for several repeat analyses It should have an opening that allows for easy filling and emptying of the container with the media of interest and minimizes external contamination of the container Finally all containers should be new and unused Table 16 recommends sample containers based on accepted analytical practices and typical media sampled Table 16 Characteristics of typical soil sample containers Container Advantages High density polyethylene Economical Wide mouth containers Disposable Resistant to chemicals Break resistant Leak proof Sealable plastic bags Transparent Disposable Inexpensive It is important to ensure that sufficient quantities of the correct type of sample containers will be available Sample kits should be pre assembled to have sufficient containers to collect all required media as well as sufficient quality control samples for each media USACHPPM TG236A 56 August 2001 Version 8 4 Avoiding cross contamination Critical to accurate analysis 1s that a sample does not become contaminated during the process of collection and transport To avoid cross contamination it 1s necessary to take the following precautions When sampling work from the site you expect to be least contaminated towards the site you expect to be most contaminated without exceeding specified radiation exposure guidance Wear disposable gloves when collecting samples and change
89. l during which the unit was exposed in hours Net dose rate if it is greater than 0 010 mR h 0 1 uGy h for the VDR 2 Total dose received by the unit from a single location The product of the dose rate and duration Running total of the doses received by the unit Radiation exposure status of the unit based on the accumulated dose A conversion factor that allows the RES categories between 0 and 1E to be used in place of the standard categories 0 to 5 Recorder Preventive medicine person responsible for recording and maintaining this record USACHPPM TG236A 117 August 2001 Version 1002 15n8ny 811 V9 cOL INddHOVSn jueurnjedog je2ipoe y sojejs peyuf pue uornouloJdg YESH 104 Awy 6 uonoofoag pue xXsry uyjeep jes Hbojoipey jeeus Huye UN W9EZ O_L GLEV IEV OLV INOO COG8 E9 ZLLE L8 WOO LSG8 98 LZE9 67 INOO GZEV v8S NSG_ NIVI COSG8 9C OVd LSS8 987 NSC ANa INddHO 2Od C VIA NV 10 o eos YAON pue Ydd NV 94 10 Y YU 107 SUN ou O1 esoq x uoneanq sinou soq RIO uomen onsodx jo saq AI 21 uoneoo T Jo ogeq ram V S Sur ot osoq HUA Appendix CONUS transportation regulations and procedures REFERENCES Title 49 Code of Federal Regulations Army Regulation 11 9 Ionization Radiation Protection Technical Bulletin 43 0116
90. lay lights Routine external radiation surveys can be taken with the D y probe Model DT 616 which is to be used for external dose rate measurements and for locating sources of radiation According to the draft User s Guide for B y probe Model DT 616 for routine radiation surveying the best accuracy in the ratemeter mode is obtained in the filtered mode with a 2 second update time Filtered and unfiltered modes refer to smoothed or raw data respectively The filter takes the count rate from the current update time and averages it over the previous 32 update periods In the unfiltered mode the counting rate determined over the current update period is displayed with no averaging over previous update periods In effect filtered data displays a running average of the past 32 measurements 64 seconds This averaging smoothes out the statistical fluctuations in the dose rate data but it also smoothes out real fluctuations The effect of filtered data 1s similar to that of choosing a longer time constant on an analog meter For routine gamma ray radiation surveys it is recommended that the filter is turned on but it is more likely to miss a small hot spot of radioactive material when operating in the filtered mode when moving the meter too quickly With proper training either mode can be used well The D y probe has an end shield that can be lifted for beta dose measurements but this capability is not always accurate If needed ho
91. liquids other than water soap or solvents clear water should be used as a final rinse Regardless of the decontamination method used an adequate drainage system must be provided to ensure control of contaminated wastewater If an item or commodity cannot be decontaminated then request advice from the command staff regarding the disposition of the materiel 6 5 Care of RADIAC equipment during monitoring and decontamination Care should be taken to avoid contaminating the RADIAC meter or its probes while monitoring If an instrument is contaminated it can be decontaminated just like any other piece of equipment It is important not to damage the meter or probes while cleaning them Gently pouring water over the contaminated surface may be sufficient to decontaminate the surface If the instrument cannot be cleaned then you may still use it providing that you collect a new background reading and subtract it from all subsequent readings USACHPPM TG236A 43 August 2001 Version Table 12 Army publications containing decontamination protocols Field Manuals FMs Defensive Operations AmedP 6 C Operations FM 100 50 Operations for Nuclear Capable Units Department of the Army AR 15 22 Nuclear Weapon Accident Investigation Board Regulations ARs CONUS AR 40 13 Medical Support Nuclear Chemical Accidents AR 50 5 Nuclear and Chemical Weapons Materiel Nuclear surety AR 350 42 Nuclear Biological and Chemical Defense and Chemical
92. mating the exposure to external ionizing radiation External ionizing radiation may be used as a rough guide to address potential health risk from ionizing radiation exposure Current doctrine presents a methodology to document track and manage radiological exposure Concepts critical to understanding this methodology are radiation exposure status RES and operational exposure guidance OEG The RES is defined as the average exposure of a platoon or larger unit categorized by levels of performance decrement or decreasing level of unit mission effectiveness The OEG 15 the commander s tool for expressing his willingness to accept risk expressed as a radiation dose equivalent or absorbed dose The commander has the responsibility of defining the level of exposure that will not be exceeded in performing a given mission The NATO Standardization Agreement STANAG No 2473 Commanders Guide On Low Level Radiation LLR Exposure In Military Operations created additional RES categories for use during SASO or operations other than war RES category 1 was broken down into five subcategories that parallel regulatory and federal guidance which 1s founded on minimizing long term health consequences of exposure to radiation RES category 1 was broadly defined in doctrine as a level of exposure that would lead to little if any loss of combat effectiveness or immediate short term effects The extended RES categories as defined in STANAG 2473 are intended
93. mers needs The chart shown in ABOUT THE DIRECTORATE OF LABORATORY SCIENCES DLS located in the front of this manual describes the available means of communication with DLS Chapter 3 provides additional information on communicating and interacting with DLS b DLS Service Hours 1 Technical Information and Routine Sample Receipt Routine service hours are from 0800 to 1630 hours Eastern Standard Time Monday through Friday except for Federal holidays 2 Sample Receipt Outside of Normal Service Hours Special arrangements must be made prior to the shipment of any samples that will arrive outside of DLS routine service hours These arrangements are necessary to ensure appropriate DLS personnel will be available to receive process and preserve the samples c Sampnews The E Mail Bulletin Board 1 Sampnews is an electronic mail e mail bulletin board This bulletin board was established to offer DLS customers a convenient effective and efficient way to exchange information with DLS using e mail In DLS the site is monitored on a regular basis by the laboratory project coordinator LPC consultants team leaders and other parties as appropriate and can be accessed simultaneously by the DLS staff 2 Advantages of using the bulletin board include Eliminates the time spent the telephone trying to track down the appropriate person More than one person can access your message simultaneously
94. milar language must be locked up by the laboratory upon receipt and not removed from the locked refrigerator until ready to be analyzed The laboratory will hold all strict custody samples until notified otherwise When the case is resolved either by trial or stipulation the enforcement specialist should notify the laboratory that the samples associated with the case may be discarded or destroyed USACHPPM TG236A 64 August 2001 Version Field Chain of Custody Sheet USACHPPM Health Physics Program TG236A Date of Collection Page lof 2 Radiation survey Unit ID Team Leader sample Types Grab and Soil Analyses Desired Gross op and 10 minute y spectroscopy CHPPM Main Sampling Location Samples packed by POC DLS s 765 814 USACHPPM Project number if applicable List the Field ID and time of collection of each sample Time l Additional Samples Time Type Analyses BkGl 0 EE ccc UH 10 E o IA Method of Shipping and Carrier Used Tamper Resistant Seals On the container LJ Yes No Shipping Date On each sample U Yes UW No Chain of Custody Sample or Samples Sign and Print Name Transferred Released By Received By Purpose of Transfer Time N 3 0 0 BY Sami peer __ E _ 9 1 1 B HO a USACHPPM TG236A 65 August 2001 Version Field Chain of
95. mple collection container If the plug does not easily come out of the sampling tool take a long flat blade knife or picker to remove it from the tool 10 3 3 Other types of soil conditions Extremely Wet Areas If possible avoid areas where soil is extremely wet If this is impossible it may be difficult to follow the above procedures A modified area sample may be appropriate in this situation Any changes in the location of the survey unit must be made with concurrence from Command and advice from specialist advisors Use a shovel or trowel to remove the upper layer off the desired area Put the sample in a container and label it as appropriate Frozen Soils Lightly frozen soil can be sampled by taking a square bladed spade and driving it into the ground to a known depth The soil can be easily removed in one quick movement Hard frozen soils must be sampled using a chisel to chip the soil This process 1s extremely difficult to use to obtain a representative sample Clay Soils These should be avoided if possible Because clays tend to be sticky there may be a handling to get a representative sample Wearing double gloves may be warranted The long flat blade knife or picker can be used to assist removal of a core from the sampler USACHPPM TG236A 78 August 2001 Version Chapter 11 USACHPPM Directorate of Laboratory Sciences Radiologic Classic and Clinical Chemistry Division concerns If you choose to use the labo
96. n 4 3 USACHPPM TG236A 105 August 2001 Version Checklist for a Level 1 Assessment Page 2 of 3 Define the area to be radiation surveyed with a rectangle to If GPS grid coordinates are available record the points indicated on the datasheet Record the length and width of the radiation survey unit on the datasheet Divide the width into 6 equal blocks Divide the length into 8 equal blocks px e e Mark the boundaries of and restrict access to the radiation survey unit 1f possible Divide the unit into 48 blocks as shown on the datasheet 7 Sketch the radiation survey unit landmarks structures and other information on the radiation survey unit schematic L Answer the site assessment questions on the Site Assessment and Cover Sheet Record the meteorological data on the day of the radiation survey Ql Perform the radiation survey The preferred order of steps 1s below CAUTION The radiation surveyor should have the Dy probe operational and should be observing the dose rate while approaching any potentially contaminated area See Chapter 2 O Record the external gamma exposure measurements in blocks 1 12 on the Radiation Survey Data Table Take a two kilogram soil sample in block 1 split this sample and label one as a QC sample 2 Sample the soil in blocks 1 12 on the Radiation Survey Data Table 3 Ifthe x ray probe is available record the x ray probe measurements
97. n Survey Unit Boxes GPS Grid B 10 Soil Soi 12 Soil X X G G h North g Width l Soil QC X G1 Goc GPS Grid A Unit of Measurement Soil Sampling Location X ray Probe Reading D y probe or VDR 2 Reading g Length TG 236A Level 1 Assessment Radiological Health Risk Planning and Projection U S Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine United States Army Medical Department USACHPPM TG236A 110 August 2001 Version Radiation Survey Data Table Page 2 of 2 i Radiation survey Unit Schematic cum um um m 5 GN DN 9 101 11 12 21 22 23 24 6 j Potential Radiological Hazard ID Refer to TG238 or other references for guidance Is there evidence or a record of the following The presence use storage or disposal of radioactive materials The use of DU or military commodities The decontamination maintenance or storage of radioactively contaminated equipment The presence of enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material Radiation generating machines such as accelerators and x ray machines Any aircraft accident in the area Medical or research f
98. n body whether by direct measurement in vivo counting or by analysis and evaluation of materials excreted or removed from the human body in vitro counting Breathing zone air sampler BZA lapel air sampler An air sampler that is used to sample air in the breathing zone of the user Buildup factor A multiplicative factor used in the exponential attenuation equation to account for scattered photons USACHPPM TG236A 9 August 2001 Version Complexing agent A chemical that will bind with a metal atom to form a molecule that can be easily removed from a system Chelating agents are a subset of complexing agents Contamination Radioactive material where it 1s not wanted Curie The traditional unit of radioactivity One curie Ci 15 equal to 37 billion disintegrations per second 3 7 x 10 dps 3 7 x 10 Data quality objectives DQOs Data quality objectives are those qualitative and quantitative statements that clarify a study s technical and quality objectives define the appropriate type of data and specify the tolerable levels of potential decision errors that will be used as the basis for establishing the quality and quantity of data needed to support decisions Dose equivalent The product of absorbed dose in tissue quality factor and all other necessary modifying factors at the location of interest in tissue The units of dose equivalent are the rem and sievert Sv Gray Gy The SI unit of absorbed dos
99. net reading on the AN PDR 77 1s 0 23 mR h How long can the unit remain in the area and not exceed an OEG of 1A Answer 1 USACHPPM TG236A 36 August 2001 Version The upper limit of RES category is 500 mR and Ry 0 23 These numbers are entered into the Equation 1 above to get 500 mR Mission Duration Rh 2174 hours 90 6 days This value is rounded down to 90 days Example 2 Another unit 18 going to occupy the same area as above The new unit has a RES of 1A before beginning this mission How long can they stay there and not exceed an OEG of 1B Answer 2 Note that the existing exposure is unknown but the RES category is known Therefore the existing exposure value is 275 mR which is the midpoint of RES category 1A The OEG if 1B corresponds to an exposure of 5000 mR Mission Duration E 1 023 RE hours 856 days m Example 3 You ve been tasked to determine how long a unit can operate in an area where you ve recently performed a Level 1 radiation survey with an AN VDR 2 The commander s OEG is given as 4 5 cGy and the unit has had no previous radiation exposure The results of the radiation survey yielded a net dose rate of 95 UGy h Answer 3 4 Mission Duration E 474 hours 19 7 days 95uGyh 95uGy h This would be rounded down to 19 days Because the AN VDR 2 automatically changes units on its display you must be very careful to recor
100. ngers straight out see Figure 5 Keep the probe window within 2 5 cm 1 in from the surface of the body To avoid contaminating the probe do not to touch the person with the probe Move the probe over the person at a rate of about 2 5 cm s 1 1n s Start at the head and radiation survey the front of the person including the inseam crotch and armpits USACHPPM TG236A 40 August 2001 Version Radiation survey the outline of the body with special attention to the fingertips Repeat with the arms and hands turned over and repeat the radiation survey on the back of the person Figure 5 Individual personnel monitoring with a portable radiation survey meter Take another background measurement after the personnel radiation survey 15 completed If the second background reading 1s significantly different from the first check to see 1f the probe 15 contaminated if it s not then resurvey the person 6 2 Radiation surveys of items or commodities An equipment radiation survey is required for an item that may have been in an area with elevated radiation measurements may have been damaged by a depleted uranium penetrator or may contain a broken radioactive commodity Because of the complexity and range of sizes of equipment that might be encountered in the field a single generic approach to an equipment radiation survey would be ineffective and incomplete Techniques similar to those described in the Personnel contamination monitoring
101. ocedures to verify that an instrument 1s acceptable for use Operational exposure guidance OEG An operational exposure guidance is a maximum radiation exposure status RES for all individuals called upon to perform a mission This decision is made in consultation with appropriate staff specialists as defined in STANAG 2473 Qualified expert A person who by virtue of training and experience can provide competent authoritative guidance about certain aspects of radiation safety Being a qualified expert in one aspect of radiation safety does not necessarily mean that a person 1s a qualified expert in a different aspect Forward requests for determination of whether a certain individual is a qualified expert through command channels to the MACOM RSSO as necessary Forward these requests to HQDA DACS SF WASH DC 20310 0200 for further evaluation as necessary Quality factor The modifying factor listed in 10 CFR 20 1004 tables 1004 b 1 and 1004 b 2 that 1s used to derive dose equivalent from absorbed dose Rad A unit of absorbed dose One rad is equal to an absorbed dose of 0 01 joule kilogram 0 01 Radiation In TG 236A radiation refers to ionizing radiation only Radioactive commodity An item of Government property made up in whole or in part of radioactive material A national stock number NSN or part number is assigned to commodities containing radioactive material greater than 0 01 Ci Radioactive d
102. octrine and the capability for collection of samples that will be sent back to higher echelon assets for further more refined analyses With proper training Level 1 personnel will be able to answer the following questions in a timely manner e Is there an immediate threat to life and health e What are the ambient external gamma radiation levels in the area e 5 there an indication that radioactive contamination is present e What is the estimated personnel radiation dose from external radiation exposure e Can the mission be accomplished within the specified OEG and what 1s the maximum mission duration given the OEG The answers to these questions indicate that a commander might need to consider changing the OEG canceling the mission adjusting the mission duration finding alternate routes or bivouac areas minimizing exposures if exposures are necessary and calling for a higher level radiation survey and assessment to refine the dose estimate and subsequently the estimate of potential health risks Minimum personnel requirements to conduct a Level assessment are a trained PM NCO officer and an assistant A Level radiation survey is designed for the AN VDR 2 or the AN PDR 77 By probe and x ray probe The Level 1 radiation survey team is expected to execute the following tasks e Using and maintaining the equipment in accordance with the manual e Following quality assurance and quality control QA QC procedures appropriat
103. of 2 5 times background should be considered as a potential elevated radiation measurement or an action level for further investigation This rule of thumb applies to contamination radiation surveys as well as external radiation surveys However the decision whether or not to declare an elevated radiation level or the existence of contamination is best left to those qualified personnel most familiar with the situation 4 5 Instrumentation use for a radiation survey Field radiation survey meters should be calibrated every 12 months and no uncalibrated instrument should be used unless no other option exists You should use standard procedures to calibrate and maintain equipment and keep the instruments and accessories within their manufacturer specified humidity and temperature requirements Fill out the Arrival Checklist and Preoperational Test Table 15 on page 54 before starting the operational checks All radiation survey meters should undergo operational checks before and after the radiation survey using an appropriate radioactive check source The results of these checks must be recorded on the USACHPPM TG236A 2 August 2001 Version radiation survey datasheets instruments should be operated in ratemeter mode with the filter on See Chapter 7 and should be held in place for 60 seconds before recording any stationary static measurement value on the radiation survey forms This procedure has been designed so that two trained per
104. on Radiation Uncontaminated Area og Ms lt gt 240 120 Figure 2 Background area radiation surveying and sampling locations The outdoor background measurements should be made in an area well outside the radiation survey unit The background location must have no or at most a very small chance of being contaminated but in all other ways it should be similar to the radiation survey unit background sampling locations must be noted on a field map A soil sample a gamma exposure rate measurement taken at about 1 meter 40 inches or waist height above the ground and an x ray probe if the probe is available measurement at about 10 centimeters about 4 inches or palm height above the ground will be taken at each outdoor background location Ideally an indoor background location should be a room of similar design and construction as the radiation survey unit but well away from it If possible avoid choosing an indoor background location that shares ventilation ductwork with the radiation survey unit A pattern similar to the outdoor pattern used to identify locations may be used to take indoor background measurements Indoor locations require gamma exposure dose rate measurements and x ray probe measurements if the probe 1s available 4 4 2 When is a measurement above background As a rule of thumb any gross measurement that exceeds about 3 times the appropriate background measurement roughly a range
105. ont panel controls of the AN PDR 77 Function to right PWR switch CLR TEST push button SCALER FILTER push button SET or AGE LIGHT switch CHIRP ALARM switch TREND lights USACHPPM TG236A Toggle switch turns power on up and off down If depressed and held it activates the operating self test It changes settings when used with other buttons Accumulates the total counts for a predetermined time To access the scaler mode press this button while turning the instrument on This mode allows for count time from 0 1 to 20 9 minutes or will allow for a continuous count until it is manually terminated To clear the previous reading and begin a new count sequence press and hold the CLR TEST button To view the preset count time press and hold the ALARM button To change the preset count time minute value press and release the CLR TEST button while depressing the SCALER button To adjust the tenths of a minute value press and release the UPDATE TIME button while depressing the SCALER button By setting the time to 0 0 the instrument will set a continuous count time that must be stopped manually To display the preset count time press the SCALER button during a scaler count To display the elapsed count time press the SCALER button while depressing the UPDATE TIME button Converts indicated readings to average readings To display the filter status press this button while the instrument is on A display of
106. or the instrument In the CHIRP up top position the instrument will make a chirping sound indicative of the count rate In the VIS center position all meter functions must be visualized on the front panel Both CHIRP and Audible alarm are disabled In the AUD VIS down bottom position the trend lights are illuminated and the audible and visual indicator alarms operate when alarm set point is exceeded This signal will automatically shut off when the reading drops below the alarm value Dual purpose trend lights located on each side of the word TREND They illuminate when a statistically significant change in the count rate has occurred The light on the left will illuminate if the trend is downward and the light on the right will illuminate if the trend is upward Both trend lights are illuminated when alarm set point is exceeded 48 August 2001 Version LOUDSPEAKER ENCLOSED SPEAKER PROVIDES CHIRP FOR PULSE AT LOW RATE ALARM WHEN SET POINTS ARE REACHED AND TO INDICATE OPERATIONAL FAULTS RADIACMETER CONTAINS BATTERIES CONTROLS INDICATORS AND ELECTRONICS NEEDED TO DISPLAY DOSE RATE DOSE AND OTHER DOSE INDICATIONS AN VDR 2 Radiacmeter converts signals from the probe into dose rate and accumulated dose alarms when preset alarm values are exceeded AN VDR 2 Same as AN PDR 77 DISPLAY SHOWS RATE INFORMATION IN THE APPROPRIATE UNITS LOW BATTERY INDICATION ALARM SET POINTS TEXT AND FAULT IN
107. osited on surfaces can become airborne Risk Chance of encountering a hazard or bad consequences exposure or chance of injury or loss Risk level is expressed in terms of hazard probability and severity Roentgen A unit of exposure a measure of the charge produced in air by photons One roentgen equals 2 58 x 10 coulombs per kilogram of air The symbol for roentgen is R Sievert Sv The SI unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent The dose equivalent in sieverts is equal to the absorbed dose in grays multiplied by the quality factor 1 Sv 100 rem Sampling Sampling is the act of collecting material in the field for additional analysis for example collecting soil samples USACHPPM TG236A 94 August 2001 Version Scan or scanning Scans or scanning measurements are specific radiation surveying techniques where a RADIAC meter is operating constantly in ratemeter mode while the radiation surveyor moves about a given area or moves the probe over a surface Sometimes the term scanning radiation survey 15 used as a synonym for scan or scanning Radiation survey A radiation survey 1s the process of using an instrument to determine radiation or contamination levels 1n a given area on a person personnel radiation survey or on equipment Radiation survey unit A radiation survey unit is an area assumed to be homogeneous with respect to radiological parameters in which a radiation survey will be done In
108. ould be communicated to the laboratory Sampling teams generally make this communication by thorough documentation on the sample form However the laboratory can be prepared for receiving special samples For example a sample may contain combustible materials or high levels of chemically or biologically hazardous materials This is particularly important for samples posing health and safety issues for laboratory personnel 9 4 Short term sample storage If necessary samples should be stored with samples of comparable activities in designated storage areas to await forwarding to a fixed laboratory Storage areas must meet chain of custody requirements and be designated and posted as a radioactive material storage area 9 5 Final sample disposition After the samples are analyzed it is up to the requester of the analyses to decide on how to dispose of the samples and any residuals Archiving the samples is strongly recommended At the time of this technical guide s publication an archive location has not been established USACHPPM TG236A 12 August 2001 Version however it is very important to communicate with the Health Physics Program at CHPPM Main about the final disposition of samples USACHPPM TG236A 73 August 2001 Version This page is intentionally blank USACHPPM TG236A 74 August 2001 Version Chapter 10 Surface soil sampling This chapter provides guidance on surface soil sampling IAW the NATO Handbook for Sampling and I
109. probe present Pancake Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage micro R Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage Preoperational Test If the unit passes the preoperational test in the Technical Manual the unit is ready for the operational check source test See the flowchart on the following page If the unit fails the test twice then notify your supervisor USACHPPM TG236A 103 August 2001 Version Operational check source flowchart Is the check source measurement within 30 of the value on the calibration sheet No Take two additional measurements Is the check source measurement within 30 of the value on the calibration sheet Are additional RADIAC meters available Record results Alert the OIC or NCOIC continue radiation surveying with the consent of the OIC or NCOIC USACHPPM TG236A 104 Yes Record the result and continue the radiation survev Tes Get another instrument and restart the procedure August 2001 Version Checklist for a Level 1 Assessment Page 1 of 3 LJ Review USACHPPM TG236A sections cited on this page refer to TG236A Inform CHPPM or a nuclear medical science officer that you are starting a Level 1 radiation survey If samples are to be collected inform the laboratory CHPPM points of contact are shown in Appendix F and USACHPPM Directorate of Laboratory Sciences points of contact are shown in Chapter 11
110. r radiation surveyed and found to be clean USACHPPM TG236A 39 August 2001 Version Hot Side ofthe Step Off Pad Receptacles for Contaminated Gear and Trash Clean Side o fthe Step Off Pad Figure 4 Decontamination step off pad schematic 6 1 2 Personnel contamination monitoring frisking Personnel monitoring frisking 1s often required for people who have been in an area with elevated radiation measurements RADIAC radiation surveys are used to determine with reasonable certainty whether that person 1s contaminated In the event that a person 1s contaminated the level of contamination should be estimated so that a decision whether or not to decontaminate can be made The following guidelines for personnel monitoring are adapted from Preparedness and Response in Radiation Accidents Try to find an area with low background radiation roughly lt 0 02 mR hr or lt 0 2 uGy hr and little to no radiological contamination The pancake probe or the By probe with the end window open is the best choice for personnel monitoring Use the headphones or other audio capabilities of the radiation survey meter It 1s easier to detect audible than visual changes in counting rate and audio monitoring will allow you to concentrate on the radiation survey not just the meter Note the background on the meter The person being monitored should stand straight with feet spread apart arms extended with the palms flat and the fi
111. r where the radiation survey takes place Operational checks of the field instrumentation ensure that the instruments are operating acceptably during the radiation survey One field split soil sample and one additional external exposure rate measurement are required to ensure consistency in the overall measurement process More extensive QA QC procedures are not necessary at Level 1 because the data collected and the interpretation of the data are not intended to be used for a rigorous dose assessment Follow these guidelines for quality assurance and quality control Data collection forms and worksheets are provided in the protocols for the radiation surveys Contact a nuclear medical science officer 72A or health physicist early in the radiation survey process Before deployment to the radiation survey site o Prepare all RADIAC meters for use in accordance with IAW the appropriate technical user manual o Usethe flowchart in Figure 3 on the next page to perform check source measurements on the RADIAC meter with the appropriate radioactive check source Record the results of these operational checks on the datasheets Ensure that the soil sample from block 1 is about 2 kg homogenize the sample in the field and split it into two 1 kg samples Label one of these soil samples as a QC sample o Satisfactory substitutions for a kilogram of soil are a filled coffee can a half filled gallon Ziploc bag 2 quart Ziploc bags and anything
112. rams of soil in block 1 Soil QC and split the sample e Return to block 1 1 Soil QC and repeat the appropriate measurements D y probe and x ray probe e Exclude the Goc measurement in block 1 and take the average of all the D y probe measurements Record the results f Record the personnel information g Record the length and width of the radiation survey unit h Indicate the measurement units used for all of the measurements You must be aware of any scale changes and use the same units for all measurements 1 Indicate north in the Indicate North box J Record topographical information on Radiation Survey Unit Schematic k Answer the Potential Radiological Hazard ID questions to the best of your ability Use TG238 and other references if available USACHPPM TG236A 21 August 2001 Version Table 3 Radiation Survey Data Table Page 1 of 2 Radiation survey Data Table Circle the instrument used d GPS Grid Coordinates GPS Grid below a ANPDR77 Or VDRO A Cal Due Date SN e Radiation survey Results b CheckSource Measurements X ray Pot Gamma Average Reading NEN e Pre radiation survey Average Background Reading Postradiationsuvey Net Reading Radiological Background Information Personnel Information Radiation OO om y a l 2 3 Reviewers Average o Radiation Survey Unit Boxes passnudesete
113. ratory at CHPPM Main coordinate all laboratory analyses with USACHPPM Directorate of Laboratory Services DLS Radiologic Classic and Clinical Chemistry Division RCCCD All samples submitted to the RCCCD must be submitted in accordance with a chain of custody protocol The samples will be analyzed in accordance with USACHPPM RCCCD protocols and procedures to meet the radiation survey plan data quality objectives DQOs Normally the initial analyses of the soil samples will be a gross oB activity measurement DLS Test Code 765 and a qualitative gamma spectroscopy measurement 10 minute counting interval is recommended DLS Test Code 814 Details about interacting with DLS can be found in USACHPPM Technical Guide 214 Customer Service Manual e Suggested format for a sample field identifier LATXLOGXDDDY YBB where gt LATXLOGX is the 8 digit GPS coordinate of the point labeled GPS Grid A on the Radiation Survey Data Table DDD is the sequential day of the year e g 100 for the 100 day of the year 15 the 2 digit year BB is the sample number 1 e 01 12 plus QC for the quality control sample VN ON USACHPPM TG236A 79 August 2001 Version DLS CUSTOMER SERVICE MANUAL MARCH 2001 ABOUT THE DIRECTORATE OF LABORATORY SCIENCES DLS AT USACHPPM MAIN SERVICE HOURS FOR DLS Routine service hours are from 0800 to 1630 hours EE Eastern Standard Time Monday through Friday except for Federal holidays a
114. reats that may be found in the field Quick Start for a Level 1 assessment Guidance for the user experienced in general surveying and sampling is given in Chapter 3 Checklists and datasheets are included for fast review so that the experienced user can start on an assessment Planning for radiation surveying and sampling Chapter 4 provides general guidance on radiation surveying and sampling for a Level 1 assessment The chapter offers information on the basic supplies for sampling and surveying selecting and setting up the survey unit background measurements instrumentation and quality assurance How to interpret the data Tables equations 1f needed and guidance are found in Chapter 5 With the information in Chapter 5 the user should be able to evaluate the field data in a timely manner and communicate the results to the Command staff How to handle radioactive contamination Contamination control procedures are covered in Chapter 6including instructions on setting up a monitoring station frisking and decontaminating people and equipment The AN PDR 77 and the AN VDR 2 Chapter 7 1s devoted to the care and use of these RADIAC meters USACHPPM TG236A 3 August 2001 Version Sampling and sample management during collection While doing the surveying and sampling of the survey unit the user needs to be aware of the precautions needed to ensure proper sample quality and integrity The guidance in Chapter 8 provides the user
115. ruirT S LNAINdIHS A IV LETIIHIN OL NOINIWOO S LIIATI A LIALLOV LOd WISVIL H WISV L UOISIOA 100 15nony 81 V9 COL WddHOVSN Wdaod ITHO ITHO 60H00 80H0 804H0 L0HO IVIOddS INIOA OTHO 0IH0 C 80H0 L0HO C 60H0 L0HO C 90H0 IVIASION 9 INIOA ClHOV ClHOV 0 OIHOT CIHO T OIHOT 6040 v IVIOddS INIOA 11906 11906 60H0 6 80H0 6 01H06 80H0 6 L0HO 6 ITIVIASION LY Utd cIHO Tv CIHO Tr A0 ciao t 0140 v 6040 v IVIOHdS CETHO CETHO ITHA0 OTHO E CIHO OTHO 6040 IVINSION 9 1 V DJd L Valeo 19017 I IDY rated VAI LI VYJ T HIT IO 1N UIUIO woop SAS 81504 SA SAS Ted SA IAS 0d SA bg sonrpoururoo Arey s dozos sW AjrAmoe ogeyoed y pue so orury 2 sjuoumnajsu sonnuen UOISIOA 100 15nony 6cI V9 COL WddHOVSN WdOd ClHO Tr CIHO 8 11408 11408 11408 OTHO 8 OTHO 8 ITIVIASION INIOA 1 0 1 0 OTHO OLHO C OTHO 60H0 60H0 IVIOddS INIOA THO I THO I OTHO I OTHOI 60H0 I 60H0 I IVIASION 8 4 INO 0 ITHO C 60H0 80H0 C OTHO 80H0 C L0HO C IVIOddS INIOA THOT THOT 60H0 I 80H0 I 80H0 I LOHO I IVIASION 06 15 P I V DJd L Valeo 190127 I I rated VAI LI VYJ BO Dyyd T HIT IO 1N UIUIO woop SAS 1504 SA SAS el50d SA IAS 0d SA
116. s 77 T taplateanmetbOd uii TI 10 3 2 Sampling in moist or loamy soil 78 10 5 5 Other Ly Pes Ol SOU Condi HONS orm Pee o s aba donis 78 Chapter 11 USACHPPM Directorate of Laboratory Sciences Radiologic Classic and Clinical Chemistry Division concerns ccce eee ee eee eee eee eene e eee tees sete eee sas 79 A PPOT GEXA c GIOSSALY c M 91 Appendix B List of Abbreviations scccccccsssssccsssssssccssssssscccsssssccccssssccscesssscsseesees 97 Appendix C Equipment common to sampling and radiation surveying 99 CE SOLOS cedit bete cef Re D UE 99 C 2 Radiation protection equipment seeesssssssssssssseeeeeeee eene eene nenne eene 99 C 3nsframentalioli a eR ese LU 100 C 4 Communication Location CquipMent ccccccccccccsssseseececceeeecsaeeeeecceeeeeaaeeeees 100 Co muppor ng GOCUMEN TATION 100 USACHPPM TG236A 2 August 2001 Version 0 ample ayre ida aa deh eras iuc tas dad 100 Appendix D A removable packet for Level 1 radiation surveying and sampling 101 Appendix E Field Results Summary Checklist
117. s parks etc If possible do not select areas that have been fertilized heavily since fertilizing adds naturally occurring radioactive materials to the soils Agricultural Area Select an open level grassy area that has been undisturbed if possible Such an area should be free of excessive rocks and vegetation and there should be little or no run off during heavy rains causing excessive erosion Such sites are frequently found on smooth ridge crests and level virgin lands NOTE Place tools instruments and collected samples on a ground tarp to help prevent contamination of sampling equipment step 4 At each sampling location record the environmental conditions at the time of sample collection These include the weather conditions and ambient gamma dose rate step 5 Collect the soil samples based on the procedures IAW guidance in Chapter 4 Chapter 8 and this chapter step 6 Seal the bags with tape With an indelible ink pen write on the sampling container and the sample control form the sample ID location GPS date and time of sample collection and the collector s initials Begin a chain of custody form if necessary step 7 Clean the sampling tools in clean distilled water and dry before proceeding to the next sample collection point Assess the tool for residual contamination using alpha beta instruments Step 8 USACHPPM TG236A 76 August 2001 Version Repeat the above steps for all necessary replicates
118. s are known to be present or if there is no relevant data available then the A2 limit is reduced to 20 MBq 2 10 In the absence of detailed radionuclide analysis it will be difficult to determine if samples contain alpha emitting radionuclides Therefore the lower A2 limit of 20 MBq 2 10 should be applied to ensure that the radioactivity level inside the package is within the IAEA limits The maximum radiation level at the surface of the container must not exceed 2 mSv h 200 mrem h In practice providing the external dose rate of a Type container does not exceed the permitted value it is unlikely that the overall activity contained exceeds the activity limit of 20 MBq 9 2 3 2 CONUS shipping Shipping samples within the United States must conform with all federal and state regulations Detailed information about CONUS shipping is in Appendix G 9 3 Communication between sample control and laboratory Laboratory personnel conducting sample analysis are generally not involved with sample collection This separation of tasks can potentially lead to problems based on the lack of communication between the two groups Fixed and field laboratories may need to pass special requirements on to the sampling teams For this reason unhindered communications between command personnel the sampling personnel and the laboratory is vital Any unique conditions of the sample and any special requirements for sample analysis sh
119. sampling Special handling or safety precautions Results of field expedient assays using hand held instruments Signatures Additional information may be required depending on the media sampled and the intent of sampling Figure 13 1s an example of a soil sample collection form USACHPPM TG236A 59 August 2001 Version Soil Sample Collection sampling Location Radiation survey Unit ID Team Leader enm ea es b and 9 nalyses Desired Gross aD an samples packed by 10 minute Yy spectroscopy POC CHPPM Main DLS s 765 814 USACHPPM Project number if applicable List the Field ID and NATO Date Time Group Field NATO DateTime Group DDTTTTZMMMYYYY jM Tamper Resistant Seals Used Chain of Custody Information sign and Print Name Released By Received By Purpose of Transfer Notes and Comments Figure 13 An example of a soil collection form USACHPPM TG236A 60 August 2001 Version 8 6 Chain of custody Documentation of changes in the custody of a sample s 1s very important In such cases there should be sufficient evidence to demonstrate that the integrity of the sample was not compromised from the time it 1s collected to the time the sample is analyzed During this time the sample should either be under the positive control of a responsible individual or secured and protected from any activity that could change the true value of the results Samples of particular concern should be closed with tamper
120. session of the sample from collection to laboratory possession With this chain of custody method the sample collector or other person to whom sample possession was transferred delivers the samples to the laboratory The second chain of custody method is by shipping the samples through a mail carrier Mail carriers may not assume any liability or responsibility for compromised sample integrity during shipping e g broken samples and or containers ice melting in cooler etc In both cases a written record must be transferred with the samples However when using the second method described above the sample collector fills out a chain of custody record seals it in a shipping container and uses a carrier to deliver the samples to the laboratory Upon arrival a pre determined laboratory custodian receives the samples notes the shipping container s condition whether sealed or unsealed each sample container s condition broken samples ice USACHPPM TG236A 62 August 2001 Version present in cooler etc and assumes custody of the samples by signing and dating the chain of custody record The laboratory maintains possession of the chain of custody record until the sample analysis 1s complete and then sends the analytical results along with the chain of custody record to the sample collector or other pre designated receiver of the analytical results and chain of custody records For routine surveillance samples the second chain of cus
121. smosis water purification unit RPO Radiation Protection Officer RSSO Radiation Safety Staff Officer SASO Stability and support operations SI International System Systeme International SIRA sampling and Identification of Radiological Agents SOP Standard operating procedure STANAG Standardization Agreement NATO TAML Theater Area Medical Laboratory TG Technical guide USACHPPM United States Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine US DHHS United States Department of Health and Human Services UXO Unexploded ordnance USACHPPM TG236A 98 August 2001 Version Appendix C Equipment common to sampling and radiation surveying This section was adapted from NATO Handbook for Sampling and Identification of Radiological Agents SIRA and lists additional equipment that could help in radiation surveying and sampling Oo D OF 0 OF 0 O0 O O0 O0 O O O 0 0 O Oo OF C 1 Supplies Rucksack Binoculars wide depth of field Camera with time and date display facility films and spare batteries Video camera video tapes and spare batteries charger Sample position markers flags spray paint etc Flashlight torch and spare batteries whistle Ladder collapsible Stop watch Measuring tape 50 m or laser range finder Indelible ink pens writing pad Log book Small tool kit containing hammer knife screwdrivers pliers Bar code labels Radioactive hazard labels Disposable plastic sheeting Ti
122. sonnel equipped with the AN VDR 2 or AN PDR 77 will have gross screening capability for acute radiation threats as provided by the NBC doctrine Additional information about the AN VDR 2 and AN PDR 77 1s in Chapter 7 4 6 External radiation survey 2 second update time and the filtered mode for a 1 minute data collection interval 1s recommended for the stationary measurements The window on the By probe is to be closed for all measurements For scanning measurements an update time of 1 second and the unfiltered mode are recommended because this combination allows a quicker response which 1s desirable when scanning for elevated radiation levels For stationary measurements the radiation surveyor will record the external exposure By probe rate at about 1 m about 3 ft above the ground If an x ray probe 1s available x ray probe measurements will be taken about 10 cm 4 in above the ground You need to take only D y probe measurements in grid blocks 13 24 Refer to the Radiation Survey Data Sheet on page 22 For all scanning measurements the radiation surveyor will walk slowly at a rate of about 0 5 m s roughly one half step per second For an external gamma exposure rate scan the D y probe will be held about 1 meter above the ground or floor and the x ray probe should be held about 10 cm 4 in above the ground 4 7 Collecting soil samples Soil samples outdoors only x ray and By probe measurements will be taken in the c
123. sotope and activity b For military commodities the radioactive items may be identified using either the end item or individual part NSN and the TB 43 0116 Items are listed giving the radioactive 1sotope and the activity in Bq c For other items in the military supply system the Army Master Data File AMDF has a Special Control Item Code SCIC This code can be used to USACHPPM TG236A 120 August 2001 Version identify which items are radioactive or have radioactive materials Unfortunately the AMDF may not give you the specific information needed for shipment NOTE Regardless of the method used to identify the radioactive material and activity ensure that the information gathered 15 transferred accurately 1 e units and 1sotope identifications 2 Construction Form maximum activity allowed in a shipping sub type is determined by the radioactive materials construction form Special or Normal a J Special form material is constructed such that the radioactive material will not be dispersed if the shipping package 1s destroyed To be considered special form the radioactive material must have been constructed and tested in accordance with Department of Transportation DOT specifications 1 Special form requirement allow for more activity in the same shipping sub type 2 Without documentation specifying special form the source must be shipped as normal form 3 Specified as A values b Normal form radioact
124. ssnddeesasveeds BEXEXENKXFKSNER GNE EE KE oe oe GPS Grid B 1 Soil QC X Gl Width GPS Grid A Unit of Measurement Soil Sampling Location X ray Probe Reading D y probe or VDR 2 Reading TG 236A Level 1 Assessment Radiological Health Risk Planning and Projection g Length U S Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine United States Army Medical Department USACHPPM TG236A 22 August 2001 Version Table 3 Radiation Survey Data Table Page 2 of 2 Radiation Survey Unit Schematic C E n To f 8 _ he Is there evidence or a record of the following The presence use storage or disposal of radioactive materials The use of DU or military commodities The decontamination maintenance or storage of radioactively contaminated equipment The presence of enhanced naturally occurring radioactive material Radiation generating machines such as accelerators and x ray machines Any aircraft accident in the area Medical or research facilities in the area Coal ash fertilizer other mineral processes in the area Nuclear power plants in the area USACHPPM TG236A T 2 2 2 2 2 2 d j d d dj 10 k Potential Radiological Hazard ID Refer to TG 238 or other references for guidance Circle one Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes No Unknown Yes
125. ssues paper roll for cleaning purposes Solvent alcohol or de ionized water for cleaning decontamination purposes Groundsheet C 2 Radiation protection equipment Individual direct reading dosimeter Individual passive permanent dosimetry this should be the national for record or best available dosimetry First aid kit Vinyl and heavy duty gloves Protective clothing anti Cs overshoes gloves Respiratory protection USACHPPM TG236A 99 August 2001 Version Oo OF Oo OF 0 0 0 0 C 3 Instrumentation Alpha beta contamination monitor calibrated with spare batteries Dose rate meter and spare batteries Portable balance weighing machine to gauge weight of collected sample Check source for instruments C 4 Communication Location equipment Mobile cellular phone 2 way Radio Global Positioning System Compass C 5 Supporting documentation Maps Sample forms Equipment operations manuals Sample collection procedures Field monitoring procedures Radiation protection instructions C 6 Sample transport Packing Transport containers e g 30 gallon drums Absorbent packing material Seals for transport containers Boxes crates for temporary storage of samples prior to transportation USACHPPM TG236A 100 August 2001 Version Appendix D A removable packet for Level 1 radiation surveying and sampling This packet 1s intended for a knowledgeable radiation surveyor or radiation surve
126. t 0 The RES at the end of the mission lasting days will be Ll Foran assigned OEG of the maximum mission duration is about days USACHPPM TG236A 115 August 2001 Version Appendix F Preventive medicine officer s information for dose tracking The following are based on radiation exposure charts found in Appendix A page 7 of 3 3 1 Date Unit some Sy 9 9 S mRiS00mR 500pGyto5 mGy 1 50 SmGyo50mGy gt Som ytlmGy eB 1 100 mGy 02500 1b 4 358175R 250mGy to 750mGy ES RES of Company Number of Platoons in Company or Companies in Battalion ei x 7 or Battalion EN Sum of all the RES equivalent Values from the radiation exposure chart below p qno L 1B 57 1 S19 1 924 USACHPPM TG236A 116 August 2001 Version Radiation Exposure Chart Element Previous Exposure Site Location Dates of Exposure Duration Dose Rate Total Dose Accumulated Dose RES RES equivalent Total Exposure RES Category RES equivalents Definitions Where the exposure occurred At a minimum the Site ID from the Site Assessment Sheet must be included here Time over which the exposure occurred Dates can be a single day for example a unit is exposed for 10 hours on 5 JUN 01 The Dates of Exposure would be 5 JUN 01 Actual time interva
127. tainer with permanent marker is the simplest and safest way to label a sample If tags or adhesive labels bar codes for example are used they should be affixed to each sample container immediately after a sample is collected Labeling should not contaminate the sample and should be sufficiently resistant to degradation fading or tampering 1 e difficult to remove once affixed to the container The sample number or ID should be clearly printed on the label and also clearly recorded on the accompanying sample data sheet or film or video that documents the nature and circumstances of collection A unique identifier can combine a sample descriptor the 6 digit sampling site location and the NATO Date Time Group for collection The following method is recommended USACHPPM TG236A 57 August 2001 Version ALATLOGDDTTTTZMMMYYYYYXX where A 1s the media descriptor A Air S Soil H Hydrological samples Water V Vegetation D Dairy Milk G Grain M Meat O Other Foodstuffs B Breathing Zone Air U Urine F Feces W Wipes Smears and Swipes LATLOG is the six digit latitude longitude GPS or grid coordinate DDTTTTZMMMY Y YY is the NATO Date Time Group where DD day of the month e g 09 9th day of month TTTT time of day e g 1600 hours Z time zone e g A for alpha and Z for zulu time MMM month alphabetically abbreviated e g April is APR YYYY year e g 2001 XX A sequential number us
128. tal Weight 5 Transport Index 6 Activity per Package 7 Highway Route Controlled Quantity if appropriate 8 Fissile Excepted 1f appropriate 9 Warning Fissile Material Controlled Shipment if appropriate 10 Package Identification Markings 1f DOE NRC approved 11 Shipper Certification found in 172 204 a 1 12 before basic description 1f Hazardous Substance 13 24 hour Emergency phone number for all labeled shipments Special Communications are usually for very hazardous shipments not normally encountered US Postal Regulations may be used when shipping small quantities of radioactive material limited to 1 10 of Table 7 values D Summary Organization and care are key to the shipping of radioactive material safely and in compliance with the federal regulations To ensure that all packages are shipped in compliance with federal army and state regulations it is imperative that all items are completed to the fullest extent 1 2 Identify Isotope and activity to be shipped Form Normal vs Special as well as physical form Activity Limit Verify A Special form or A Normal Limits and Limited Quantities from Table 7 Communicate Applicable paperwork labeling and marking shipping papers package and source certifications etc Package Proper package for class of shipment Surveys Dose rate levels and removable contamination Records Maintain records for time specified by
129. th a MSDS on the samples e g See MSDS Use personal protective equipment PPE when handling samples etc c Analyses with Short Holding Times List the analyses that have less than 7 days holding times Holding time 15 the elapse time from the date of sample collection until the initiation of the analytical procedure e g BOD Conductivity pH En Core Samples Coliform etc USACHPPM TG236A 86 August 2001 Version PART V ANALYTICAL REPORT OPTIONS Deliver Results By ALL CHPPM DLS customers will receive an original hard copy report of their analysis in addition to the alternative report options selected Electronic Data Deliverable EDD Provide e mail address to send EDD FAX TO Provide fax number to send Hard Copy Report Mail To Provide complete mailing address OCONUS customers provide your FedEx mail address Do not list APO or PO Box addresses EDD Data Type Select your EDD format type Note that DLS uses the standard version of the software listed Additional Data Request Indicate if you want the QC Report or Raw Data included in your Analytical Report Package Request Submitted By Write the name of the person submitting the request Print Name of Authorizer Print the name of person authorizing the request Authorizer s Signature Signature of the person authorizing the request required when submitting the CHPPM Form 330 R E as a Hard Copy document This form should be submitted to DLS either in el
130. this plan a recommended radiation survey unit can be an outdoor area of less than 10 000 or an indoor area with a floor space of less than 100 m There can be more than one radiation survey unit for each radiation survey site Uptake The amount of a radionuclide that was taken into the body that makes it to the blood Contrast this with an intake for example the amount of material inhaled would be an intake but the amount of material that passes through the lung and enters the blood is an uptake Technically a contaminated wound would result in an uptake with no intake because the radioactive material enters the blood directly It is possible to have an intake without having an uptake Wipes Wipes are a subset of samples They are used to estimate the removable amount of surface contamination a given area usually 100 cm an area of about 4 inches by 4 inches or the size of the palm of your hand USACHPPM TG236A 95 August 2001 Version This page is intentionally blank USACHPPM TG236A 96 August 2001 Version Appendix B List of Abbreviations ACE Allied Command Europe AR Army Regulation BEIR Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation committee BZA Breathing zone air sampler see Glossary CCS Contamination control station CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health CFR Code of Federal Regulations CHPPM Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine CONUS Continental United States DLS Directorate of La
131. tion or quality control USACHPPM TG236A 67 August 2001 Version This page is intentionally blank USACHPPM TG236A 68 August 2001 Version Chapter 9 Sample receipt inspection tracking and shipment The majority of this chapter was adapted from the VATO Handbook for Sampling and Identification of Radiological Agents 9 1 Overview After a sample is collected it is passed to a sample control site or field laboratory Successful acceptance of the sample by either entity terminates the sampling teams role in sample handling The following figure demonstrates the typical flow of activities for sample receipt and inspection at a sample control site which in turn will forward the sample 1f necessary to a field laboratory or rear echelon fixed radioanalytical laboratory From field team to sample control or field laboratory Sample Receipt Sample Inspection Sample Accepted Short term Storage or Transfer to Field Laboratory or Shipment to Fixed Laboratory Login and Tracking Sample received in receipt area Check for evidence of leakage or breakage External package gamma exposures rates o B surface contamination on package or containers Check container ID with sample forms Check sample content against forms forms completed correctly Check forms for health and safety concerns Check tamper seals 1f present Check preservation 1f added Sign transfer of custody on CoC form Assign sample
132. to a processed CHPPM Form 330 R E Cost quotes for sampling projects Guidance pertaining to requirements for sample collection shipping or submission Details about Sample Collection Kits Details concerning sample processing and status reports USACHPPM TG236A 83 August 2001 Version e The following is copy of CHPPM Form 330 R E Request For Laboratory Services This 15 the preferred form to use when arranging to have samples analyzed at CHPPM Main The DLS codes and descriptions of the initial analyses of the soil samples have already been entered in Part II of this form INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING A REQUEST FOR LABORATORY SERVICES CHPPM Form 330 R E NOTE Indicates a required field PART I PROJECT INFORMATION Complete all sections Date of Request The date the form is submitted to CHPPM Directorate of Laboratory Sciences DLS Program Number Internal CHPPM Main customers list the program number in which the project is associated External CHPPM Main customers list program number 00 JONO An internal CHPPM Main Accounting Number For internal CHPPM Main customers indicate the SUBJONO assigned to your project CHPPM Main external customers use X7G003 SUBJONO An internal CHPPM Main Project Job Number For internal CHPPM Main customers indicate the SUBJONO assigned to your project for laboratory analysis CHPPM Main external customers use 1236 Project Officer s List the name of the person responsibl
133. to bridge the gap between peacetime operations and operations conducted during war Technical Guide 236A Basic Radiological Dose Estimation A Field Guide 1 the first in a series of documents designed to work together to give the preventive medicine PM community increasingly sophisticated and therefore complex methods to evaluate radiological dose The methods presented in TG236A require minimal resources and gives a quick estimate of the dose or maximum duration of a mission Reference Document RD 236A the accompanying reference document contains the logic and underlying scientific principles from which this technical guide was developed 1 3 TG 236A the Level 1 assessment The intended audience for this document is primarily preventive medicine personnel Without assigning tasks which 1s beyond the scope of this technical guide the expected operational roles are that of the PM Specialist 91510 who will actually perform the radiation survey and that of the junior PM NCO who will conduct direct supervision check the calculations and make conclusions based on the data The senior PM NCO and or officer will track document and communicate the developed information to the command staff as appropriate This procedure has been designed so that two trained personnel equipped with the AN VDR 2 or AN PDR 77 will have gross screening capability for acute radiation threats as provided by the USACHPPM TG236A 7 August 2001 Version NBC d
134. tody method should suffice If enforcement action may occur based on the type of samples and or regulatory programs or agencies involved the first chain of custody method involving the sample collector physically delivering and transferring possession of the samples to the laboratory is recommended 8 6 3 2 Field chain of custody guidance 1 Limit sample collection and handling to as few people as possible If sample transfers are necessary use signed receipts of possession The chain of custody record must accompany the samples Keep a copy of the chain of custody record for your own records 2 Check with the mail carrier for restrictions and procedures Record field measurements and other important data in a bound field notebook or on the data sheets provided in this technical guide For legal purposes indelible ink should be used for recording all data and errors in field records should be crossed out with one line and initialed 4 When required or applicable document with photographs the sample locations pollution sources violations etc If possible use cameras that print the date the photos were taken 5 Maintain physical possession and sample integrity of the collected samples until they are properly transferred to the laboratory custodian or the mail carrier 6 Obtain a sample possession transfer receipt a copy of the dated and signed chain of custody record after transferring possession of the samples to the labora
135. tory custodian or the mail carrier 8 6 3 3 Sample security when strict custody is necessary Use the following procedures when securing and transferring possession of strict custody samples 1 Use sample seals Tape the sample container so that the tape must be cut or ripped to open the container Use nylon reinforced tape or other tape that cannot be tampered with without being noticed upon receipt Sign and date the tape across the top 2 Using an indelible permanent marker or ink write the following information on the security tape writing across the overlapping ends a Name of the sample collector s date time well number facility name etc where the samples were collected b Write the words Strict Custody Requirements or similar language indicating that sample security is critical USACHPPM TG236A 63 August 2001 Version c Write To be opened by In the blank write the appropriate person or organizational representative By overlapping and writing over the edges of the security tape it will be possible to detect 1f someone has tampered with the sample container If someone were to remove the tape and then reseal it it would be difficult to seamlessly realign the writing Do not use sealing wax to seal the tape Sealing wax 1s brittle and will chip and break during normal use This gives the appearance of tampering even when none has occurred sample containers labeled Strict Custody Requirements or with si
136. uration as it was when the specification testing was performed 7 Radiation Surveys must be performed to determine the radiation dose rates and removable contamination levels a Dose Rate Measurements taken on all six sides and is the determining factor for the type of label used for a type A package 1 LQor IA dose rates must be less than 5 Sv hr at the package surface 2 Type A Packages label 1s dose rate specific A White I is used on packages with radiation levels measured at the surface of the package which do not exceed 5 Sv hr 0 5 USACHPPM TG236A 123 August 2001 Version mrem hr and do not exceed the background level when measured at a distance of 1 meter from the package B Yellow II 1s used on all Type A packages with radiation levels measured at the surface of the package which exceed 5 Sv hr 0 5 mrem hr but do not exceed 5001 Sv hr 50 mrem hr or with a radiation level measured at 1 meter which is greater than background but less than 10 Sv hr 1 mrem hr C Yellow III 1s used on all Type A packages with radiation levels measured at the surface of the package which exceed 500 Sv hr 50 mrem hr but do not exceed 2000 Sv hr 200 mrem hr or with a radiation level measured at 1 meter which 1s greater than 10USv hr 1 mrem hr but less than 1001 Sv hr D Yellow III whose s
137. urface radiation levels exceed 2000 Sv hr 200 mrem hr but do not exceed 10 0001 Sv hr 1000 mrem hr or with a radiation level measured at 1 meter which exceeds 1000 Sv hr 10 mrem hr may be shipped only in a vehicle under exclusive use provisions b Removable non fixed Radioactive Contamination must be kept as low as practicable 1 May be determined by wiping 300 of package surface with a smear or wipe using moderate pressure and measuring the activity on the wiping material 2 Sufficient number of wipes will be taken to yield a representative assessment of the contamination present 3 When performing the wipes records of the true area wiped must be recorded to calculate the activity per area 4 Use the proper swipe medium for the isotope of concern 1 most beta gamma emitter can be sampled using NUCON hard wipes where isotopes like H 3 or N1 63 need to be sampled using a medium which can be analyzed in a liquid scintillation counter 8 Communications includes the written verbal and symbolic instructions that will ensure the package is transported IAW the specifications required by DOT a Basic Description the Proper Shipping Name Hazard Class and ID Number as specified in 49CFR172 101 USACHPPM TG236A 124 August 2001 Version 10 b Additional Requirements for Radioactive Materials 1 Name of Radionuclide 2 Physical Form 3 Quantity 4 To
138. very effort is made to give the customer what 15 needed when it is needed This Customer Service Manual reflects this commitment by giving DLS customers information and guidance on how to Communicate with DLS Select the Best Test Method and Analytical Test Code Acode Complete a U S Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine USACHPPM Form 330 R E Request for Laboratory Services Form Submit samples to DLS Use a CHPPM Form 332 R DLS Customer Comment Complaint Form 1 2 REFERENCES Appendix A contains references that provide information about other areas of interest to DLS customers such as regulatory requirements and sample collection techniques These references include but are not limited to other USACHPPM technical guides TGs and pertinent regulatory documents 1 3 DLS FORMS Appendix B provides copies of USACHPPM forms referenced in this manual Reproducing these forms is permitted and encouraged 1 4 ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS The glossary explains the abbreviations and terms used in this manual USACHPPM TG236A 81 August 2001 Version DLS CUSTOMER SERVICE MANUAL MARCH 2001 1 5 COMMUNICATION WITH DLS Communication and interaction with DLS should begin in the earliest stages of project planning and continue throughout the entire life of the project a Means of Communication Communication with customers offers DLS the ability to respond to the custo
139. wever the end shield can be lifted for beta surface contamination radiation surveys to detect beta radiation but not measure it If more sensitivity 1s USACHPPM TG236A 45 August 2001 Version required the thick end window under the moveable shield can be removed for contamination radiation surveys If the thick end window 1s removed the user must be extremely careful not to break the very thin window of GM tube The y probe and its components are shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 The AN VDR displays units of the Gy h and automatically changes ranges when necessary There are three ranges for the autoscaling function of the AN VDR 2 uGy h 1 cGy h 1 and Gy h 1 At environmental radiation levels and the levels expected to be encountered for this technical guide to be most useful the AN VDR 2 will most likely display uGy h The AN PDR 77 displays units mR h with the mR h symbol engraved on the faceplate but does not change ranges What the AN PDR 77 does is append a k to the displayed value to give kilo milliroentgen per h when the dose rate exceeds 1 R h For example 1 33 Rh is displayed as 1 33 k As a further complication the AN PDR 77 is calibrated to display absorbed dose mrad h Figure 6 Picture of the AN PDR 77 with the beta gamma probe Model DT 616 USACHPPM TG236A 46 August 2001 Version Panel controls from left to Table 13 Front panel controls of the AN VDR 2 Function right E P
140. with enough information to collect soil samples avoid cross contamination pack and label samples establish and maintain chain of custody and prepare the samples to be taken from the survey unit for further handling Getting the samples ready to be shipped to a laboratory Once the samples have been collected labeled and had all the proper papers filled out they need to be shipped to a laboratory for analysis Most of the information required for preparing samples for shipping to a CONUS or OCONUS laboratory can be found in Chapter 9 The user must be aware of the current national international Army DOD transportation regulations as this document cannot be updated every time a regulation changes Actually digging dirt or sampling soil Chapter 10 summarizes NATO guidance on collecting soil samples It is not a substitute for onsite expertise but the guidance is useful for the less experienced user or the user who has not been in the field for some time Using the laboratory at USACHPPM Main Both as an example and a practical guide the requirements for shipping samples to the Directorate of Laboratory Services Radiologic Classical and Clinical Chemistry Division DLS RCCCD are presented in Chapter 11 Although written specifically for the laboratory at CHPPM Main many of the requirements are general enough to be used at other laboratories However the user must arrange for the sample analyses and shipping with the laboratory befor
141. y team and includes the following items RADIAC preoperational test and check source procedures Checklist for a Level 1 Assessment Site Assessment and Cover Sheet Instructions for using the Radiation Survey Data Table Radiation Survey Data Table Chain of custody form D U D U O Field results summary checklist This packet consolidates the necessary information to perform the radiation surveying and sampling parts of a Level 1 assessment Make as many copies of this packet as you need or use it as a basis for recording data if you can t make copies USACHPPM TG236A 101 August 2001 Version This page is intentionally blank USACHPPM TG236A 102 August 2001 Version RADIAC checklist and preoperational test Instrument Type Circle one PDR 77 or VDR 2 Date Beta Gamma Probe SN Time X ray Probe SN PDR 77 only Alpha Probe SN PDR 77 only Radiation survey Unit ID AN PDR Radiac SN Checkout performed by PDR 77 VDR 2 Yes No Yes No Carrying Case Inspection Is the case free of obvious damage and 15 the case in proper working order probes present RADIAC Meter Inspection Is the meter free of obvious damage Beta Gamma Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage Alpha Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage X ray Probe Inspection Is the probe free of obvious damage RPO Kit Pancake Probe SN micro R Probe SN Yes Are the pancake probe and micro

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