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October-November 1985

1. Keyboard Siemens w case Wiring Harness 7 50 KAYPRO MAINBOARDS K2 With Sockets 1 K2 Populated Tested K2 with PRO8 2 Mod This one runs at 2 4 amp 5 MHz up to 4 drives SS DS or Quad drives New ROM has screen dump and step speed Select With manual amp software tested and guaranteed 30 days 149 00 K2 PRO8 2 Mod EXCHANGE We will update your K2 or K4 as above Mail working Main board We can install double or quad drives and check complete package K10 Populated Tested Substitute Enclosure MISC CABLES 9 50 Pin 50 Pin Header 14 40 Pin 40 Pin Header 2 25 9 Hard Disk 20 Pin Header 2 00 14 Dual Inline 16 Pin Male 2 2 00 1 0 Connector for Keyboard 2 29 Coiled Keyboard Cable 1 50 FLOPPY DISK CABLE 19 2x5 to 34 Pin Header 5 00 RS232 CABLE 36 M M M F 000 CCS 2200 12 slot MF CCS 2810A CPU He i es ascents 2065 64K RAM 2422 FDC 54 BB cee fen 2718 1 0 2 Ser 2 Par MAD JACKS MERCURY ST CLATREMONT MESA BLUD NURSIY LAND ERAC CO 8280 CLAIREMONT MESA BLVO SUITE 1179 619 569 1864 SAN_DIEGO CA 92111 STORE HOURS Mon Fri 9 00 6 00 Sat 10 00 4 00 TERMS VISA MasterCard Certified Checks Money Order NO COD Visa and MasterCard add 3 Personal checks must clear BEFORE we ship Include s
2. Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 well as consulting it certainly beats not working at all and has many valuable fringe benefits It might even enable you to keep your house in the bad times I Oughta Write A Book Another part of my long range plan consists of publishing books based on my own experience and teaching research An excellent reference is The Self Publishing Manual ISBN 0 915516 37 3 by Dan Poynter Like teaching writing demands an organized and analytical view of your work In addition you can require that stu dents buy your book Hey that s perfectly legitimate Last but cer tainly not least a book or two may bring in some bucks to get you through those bad times Why keep your special knowledge to yourself Why not take the slow times when they come and use them to write a book Today there are piles of introductory books in bookstores and another one will just get lost Instead why not produce a book which addresses the vast number of people who have already read those low level books and now have nothing more to help them Why not write that book and run ads for it in Micro C Those of us hard core types owe it to the neophyte subscribers Where else can they turn to find the kind of information which has helped make us successful Conclusion Because of circumstances beyond your control you can expect bad times Plan for them Building sav
3. Reviewers everywhere have praised BDS C for its elegant Operation and optimal use of CP M resources Above all BDS C has been hailed for its remarkable speed I recommend both the language and the implementation by BDS very highly Tim Pugh Jr in Infoworld Performance Excellent Documentation Excellent Ease of Use Excellent InfoWorld Software Report Card a superior buy Van Court Hare in Lifelines The Software Magazine BYTE Magazine placed BDS C ahead of all other 8080 Z80 C compilers tested for fastest object code execution with all available speed up options in use In addition BDS C s speed of compilation was almost twice as fast as its closet competitor benchmark for this test was the Sieve of Eratosthenes Don t waste another minute on a slow language processor Order your BDS C Compiler today Complete Package two 8 SSSD disks 181 page manual 150 Free shipping on prepaid orders inside USA VISA MC COD s rush orders accepted Call for information on other disk formats BD Software Inc P O Box 2368 Cambridge MA 02238 617 576 3828 256K RAMDISK KIT Now Only 69 m dynaDisk makes your spelling checker assembler or compiler programs run 35 300 percent faster m dynaDisk is a 256k ram board that uses 5V at A and plugs into BB1 s parallel interface J5 It comes with auto patching soft ware that makes it look l
4. Turbo Tutor jude shipping to These prices inc n orders TiU S cities poe oe ior dered ee youe 16 bit Ae pos Moa 8 PC pos _ pin 86 a CP M 80 10p The disk size use is add Cis Cis Amount CA 6 tax oat Check n ae payment visa MC a LN Name et credit Card Expit pate eed ddress shipping A fei alee Card E a Geiss G les tax fo sa state vg Calitornia residents add daek en F8 Telephone cepted n aya ple in US dollars len nk dra LNO Orbene rs WIL aymen yban Pur CO angsa pence oe make u IC PROMPT DELIVERY SAME DAY SHIPPING USUALLY OUTSIDE OKLAHOMA NO SALES TAX 8087 2 COPROCESSORS 125 00 DYNAMIC RAM 256K 256Kx1 120ns 3 75 256K 256Kx1 150ns 128K 128Kx1 120ns 64K 16Kx4 150ns 64K 64Kx1 150ns EPROM 27C256 32kx8 250ns 27256 32Kx8 250ns 27128 16Kx8 250ns 27C64 8kx8 200 ns 2764 8Kx8 250 ns 2732A 4Kx8 250 ns STATIC RAM 6264LP 15 8Kx8 150 ns 69 50 QUANTITY ONE PRICES SHOWN kr x O at 2 n a Laat Z a T lt a cr Lu 2 ES pe SA O qT O Zenith 150 amp 100 Compaq Portable amp Plus MasterCard VISA or UPS CASH COD Factory New Prime Parts uPoo MICROPROCESSORS UNLIMITED BEGGS OK 74a 918 267 4961 Prices shown above are for September 2 1985 Please call for current prices Prices subject to change Please expect higher or tower prices on some parts due to supply a
5. ZILOG CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH Calif Shugart 514 Disk Drives MODEL 455 DSDD Floppy 195 00 Over 380K Capacity 2 For 370 00 MODEL 465 DSQD Floppy 225 00 Over 780K Capacity 2 For 430 00 ni Colonial Data Services Corp 80 Pickett District Road New Milford Conn 06776 Telephone 203 355 3178 Colonial Data SB 80 IT The Better Board Gets BETTER For the past 4 years Colonial Data has been supplying thousands of its original SB80 Better Board computers to the O E M market Now the Better Board is even BETTER with the introduction of the SB80 II More Standard Features at a NEW LOWER PRICE E 4MHz Z80A CPU WITH NO WAIT STATES Enhanced BIOS uses mode 2 interrupts E 64K MEMORY STANDARD EXPAND TO 128K Parity checked RAM utilizes 4164 Up to 8K of EPROM 4K is standard Accepts Pin compatible EPROMS from 2716 thru 2764 E NUMEROUS FLOPPY DISK STORAGE OPTIONS Uses the advanced NEC765A controller chip Supports 8 and 5 drives simultaneously Automatic Density Selection Single Double Quad E 4 SERIAL I O PORTS 2 STANDARD Software selectable baud rates to 19 200 Uses Z80 SI0 0 and SMC 8116 baud rate generator SB80 II SYSTEM OPTIONS ADDITIONAL 2 SERIAL PORT INSTALLED ADDITIONAL 64K MEMORY INSTALLED SASI INTERFACE OPTION INSTALLED XEBEC HARD DISK CONTROLLER CP M 2 2 OPERATING SYS w MANUAL CP M 3 0 OPERATING SYS w MANUAL PRICE 60 00 50 00 35 00 250
6. Z PULL UP RESISTOR ee The saliiion is to burn a new EPROM and move a couple of traces to trick the PROM into thinking that the 0E000H page is being addressed when actually the F800H page is selected Fortunately there is an un used NAND gate available in the DJ2D s vectored interrupt circuit which is not used by the DJ2D software which can be used to trick the PROM Here is how to do the relocation on a DJ2D model B rev 2 Assemble the EPROM source code for OF800H burn it into an EPROM and install it into the DJ2D to take care of relocating the DJ2D s 1 0 routines and boot loader software Then lift out pins 12 and 13 of the 74LS38 NAND IC at position 8B 12 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 This gate was used to drive a vectored interrupt line but was never used in any Morrow Designs software Simi larly lift out pins 6 and 7 of the 6301 PROM IC at position 8C Connect a wire from board position J1A the output of the 74LS38 NAND gate at 8B to the 6301 PROM s pins 6 and 7 Finally connect the inputs of the 74LS38 NAND gate to S 100 bus lines All and A12 one wire from S 100 edge connector pin 85 to IC 8B pin 12 and one wire from edge connector pin 33 to IC 8B pin 13 That s all there is toit I have used this modification myself on several DJ2Ds and have had no problems at all However this modifi cation only works for DJ2Ds origined at
7. 800 421 8006 THE PROGRAMMER S SHOP 128 k Rockland Street Hanover MA 02339 Visa Mass 800 442 8070 or 617 826 7531 MasterCard Recent Discovery LISP 86 Common subset tutorial editor PP trace Best to learn All MSDOS Only 95 FORTRAN PROGRAMMING Fortran gt gt C Fortrix creates main tainable translations MSDOS 995 RM FORTRAN Full 77 BIG ARRAYS 8087 optimize back trace debug MSDOS 459 SUPPORT PRODUCTS BRIEF Programmer s Editor undo windows reconfigurable macro programs powerful PCDOS 195 PLINK 86 is a program independent overlay Linker to 32 levels for all MS Languages C86 and Lattice 299 PERISCOPE DEBUGGER load after bombs symb PCDOS 295 95 OR LESS for choice of C ADA APL Forth Modula others Call 95 New National Accounts Division 800 446 1185 Note All prices subject to change without notice Men tion this ad Some prices are specials Ask about COD and POs All formats available UNIX is a trademark of Bell Labs Dimensions 1312 W x 5 H x17 D FULL 90 DAY PARTS amp LABOR WARRANTY MODEL IIA 2 380k DSDD DRIVES 895 00 MODEL IIB 2 780k DSQD DRIVES 995 00 MODEL IIC 10 Meg H Disk w 380K Floppy 1895 00 MODEL IID 10 Meg H Disk w 780K Floppy 1995 00 SB80 II Board Only Wired and Tested 275 00 SB80 II SYSTEM OPTIONS PRICE All Models Additional 2 Serial Ports installed 60 00 Additional 64K Memory install
8. All cables are shielded and of highest quality construction PART DESCRIPTION PRICE ARS232 36 6 IBM PC to Centronic Parallel 6 special 14 00 1 C s DATA ean TCH Typical Applications OP 05 PMI 3 00 ABC DATA SWITCH PRINTER 27C64 250 ns 74HC374 748153 8088 5 mhz 8031 AH WD2797PL W0D2797PL 02 8253 5 MODEM I C Specials Hours 10 00 am 5 00 pm MON FRI RIBBON CABLE CONNECTORS IDCEN Delta 24 M F 336 M F SOM F 6 50 IDB 9S P DSubminiature 3 25 6 00 8 50 10 16 20 26 434 40 50 60 IDE CardEdge 3 00 3 00 3 00 4 00 4 25 4 50 4 50 8 00 IDS Socket 2 00 2 25 2 25 2 25 3 25 3 50 3 50 5 50 IDM Header WIA WIA 5 50 6 25 6 75 NIA 7 50 NIA IEEE488 Centronics Printers RS232 e 5 Drives 8 Drives PREON CABLE PRICE PER OT 10 16 20 26 34 40 50 60 20 34 40 52 68 80 1 001 20 SOLDER TYPE CONNECTORS Cable DESPIS DAISPIS DB25P S DC37P S 1 40 2 00 2 10 3 50 RDCOP S ROC25P S 2 50 3 70 DPH 9 DPH 15 DPH 25 1 00 1 00 1 00 57 30360 Male 57 60360 Female 4 00 0 7 50 15S P 3 75 8 50 225S P 37S P Right Angle P C Board Mounting Plastic Hoods Centronics Type Connectors RIBBON CABLES Hard Disk 20 and 34 pin pair Floppy Drive Cable For IBM PC DISK DRIVES NEW TEAC SD510 Half height 10 megabyte Yor de 130W power supply for IBM PC 410 00 NEW _ Microscience HH612 ht 10 megabyte 465 00 NEW _ Microscience HH725 ht 20 megabyte 595 00 NEW
9. Before the printing industry could get where it is now we had to embark on this huge program of educating everybody Where were the fringe benefits There weren t any There was no benefit to learning how to read and write None The church started the school sys tem Why Because they wanted to spread the word of God The monks couldn t remember everything that was in the Bible so the church taught them to read put the Bible under their arms and pointed And so it started as a fairly modest program you took a certain subset of the clergy people who didn t have the university benefits and began creat ing a system to teach them to read and write Later I guess counting adding and subtracting were added And it slowly grew In those days church and govern ment were a lot closer than they are today So if the church decided it was a good deal to educate a certain portion of the population it had almost the force of law As benefits began to accrue it began to spread And it spread fairly rapidly when you consider how unfriendly the printed word is Have you ever seen people who don t read well and watched their mouths They re not reading they re talking to themselves That s how unfriendly the printed word really is Yet we have adapted ourselves to it Why Because of the tremendous benefits I maintain that it s possible for everyone to learn how to program The kind of benefits that might a
10. X Y PLOTTERS Be atiad which aA from 300 00 MISCELLANEOUS Soldering Irons 30W 5 Blade Muffin Fans 7 50 Joystick 4 Switches 1 Knob 5 50 Part Boxes 6 Compartments 2 00 Tektronic 7L12 Spectrum Analyzer with 7504 Mainframe 5 990 00 Elgar 400W Unint Power Sup 425 00 Topaz Line 2 1KVA Line Reg 225 00 Varactor Tuner All Band 24VDC Power Handheld 3 Digit DMM LCD ZM 11U LCR Bridge VIDEO ARCADE GAME Naughty Boy Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Two Megabytes And More On The DSI 32 By Gary Entsminger Ie you bought Definicon s 32032 co processor board kit and want to add more memory there s a cheap alternative It ll only cost you some memory about 100 for a megabyte 49 95 for system software from De finicon and a little soldering time What s The Story The 2 megabyte version of the DSI 32 with 1OMHz CPU sells for 2995 assembled and tested Definicon doesn t sell a 2 megabyte kit but you can purchase a 256K slower 6MHz starter kit for 995 Trevor Marshall a hardware design er at Definicon says they don t sell untested 2 megabyte boards because of the problems they ve encountered using special sockets in produc tion To get the arrays to work they have to trim the legs on the ICs then insert the lower array test it and then insert the upper arr
11. plot any number of curves e g experimental data vs theoretical values on the same graph choosing from 8 different plotting symbols plot and group up to 6 different variables on a single graph distinguished by up to 14 different fill in patterns and 8 different point plotting symbols menu driven operation supporting automatic graph automatically created legends distinquish variables scaling labeling and legend creation add up to 5 different density grid lines and choose program default values may be set once and for all from a wide variety of numerical labeling options high low graphs are supported directly Fourteen Different Fill in Patterns Sample High Low Graph xerra SLS S SSIS Sees S2 SeS SSL 5252 SSO C 800 00 1000 00 time seconds Theoretical O Experimental TERMS We ship via first class mail The above prices include 5 00 for s h Orders outside USA require additional 5 00 for postage NJ residents add 6 tax When ordering you MUST state your computer and printer make and model We support MS DOS PC DOS version 2 0 or later on computers with at least 192k RAM and CP M 80 version 2 2 or later on Z80 computers other than Apple supporting a TPA of at least 54k requires 64k of RAM Most soft sector disk formats are available If you can read several formats please send us a list GRAF 3 0 works with any printer fully compatible with one of the following Epson FX RX LX
12. Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 The Un Database from Telion Software VOILA N EQUALED THE UN DATABASE UN PRECEDENTED form That s fine for an address list where every entry contains the same old boring things But how do vou database your free form text files like novels business letters screenplays annotated bibliographies personal correspondence or client case histories With a database program you re just plain out of luck Now Free Filer lets you keep track of your words like you do your lists That s why we call Free Filer the un database How does FREE FILER do it Free Filer divides vour diskette into parcels of information much like index cards It will segment your text files into paragraph parcels automatically Or you can specify other data parcels yourself You can search alphabetically sort and print each parcel effortlessly You can even combine parcels to create a new card Free Filer can search all or some of your files on disk going through them one by one And if you have lots of files that can save you a bundle of time And it s fast Free Filer can blitz through a 55K file in less than 25 seconds Iam taken at the program s speed and simplicity I would recommend it for everyone it s another tool to make vour com puter more powerful and you more efficient Peter A McWilliams author of The Personal Computer Book Free Filer is one of tho
13. The Z80 will put the current program counter on the stack disable inter rupts and start executing at F517H At the end of the TIMER routine two instructions are needed EI fol lowed by RETI EI re enables inter rupts and RETI is a special return from the mode 2 interrupt routines RETI is decoded by the CTC SIO and PIO so the interrupting device in this case CTC3 knows that the Z80 is done and CTC3 can raise its interrupt enable output and re enable the priori ty chain If you are careless and use the RET instruction instead of RETI in the keyboard routine which has higher interrupt priority than the CTC the interrupt chain below the keyboard the CTC will be unable to perform an interrupt In The Weeds Before I get lost in the weeds this September being an almost good student at USC PH try to finish a couple hardware projects so I can write about them I hope to finish the Z80 saga next time SINGLE BOARD HIGH PERFORMANCE ENCLOSURE FOR 820 BIG BOARD OR OTHER SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER High Res 12 Motorola Monitor Big 200 Watt Power Supply All Wired Up amp Ready To Slide in Your SBC A BEST BUY Beautiful Keytronics full parallel ASCII hooks right up to 820 or BB Keyboard with numeric keypad function keys A Best Buy 39 00 Extra for Keyboard Enclosure 15 00 MONITOR ONLY 59 00 BIG POWER SUPPLY ONLY 35 00 MATRIX KEYBOARDS 15 00 8 Disk Drive Shugart 810 Half Height 99 00 2 8 Disk
14. integer x 3 integer const max_rounds_per_battle 5 current_pos type species wizard dwarf human halfling procedure battle var attacker defender coordinates function dice_roll number sides integer integer Attention Okidata jiline 92 93 owners Announcing FEDIT a font editor for your Okidata printer FEDIT is a complete system for designing and defining characters for the downloadable character graphics generator OLCG in Okidata pline 92 93 printers The designed fonts are kept in individual files on disk available for editing and or sending to the printer atl by FEDIT utilities player FEDIT features include fast menu driven execution easy to learn and use var full screen contro of the character grids using coordinates record roll integer single stroke control codes like the popular word Xyz integer begin processor roll 0 7 endi while number S0 io completa ieaniparant font file handling player record begin uding up les character species roll roll random sides 1 includes a predefined file of greek and scientific name 3 string 16 number z pred number characters for immediate use Strength integer end charisma integer dice_roll roll complete documentation including design tips hit _points integer end and a sample layout sheet end begin separate Send utility for finished fonts the body of procedure battle goes here var
15. puter is ruggedly packaged in a conve nient carrying case The case surrounds a strong inner chassis which further pro tects the Z80A based computer with its two double sided double density disk 400K drives large easy to read 9 display screen and well designed detachable keyboard ZORBA uses CP M the industry standard Operating system which means that a wide range of existing software is readily available to the user The ZORBA users manual covers opera tion of the unit all suppllied software and all interface and internal information A system diskette is supplied with all system files and utilities A second diskette contains the sources for all ZOR BA software including BIOS SETUP FORMAT and PATCH PORTABLE COMPUTER BUNDLED WITH WORDSTAR MAIL MERG SPELLSTAR DATA STAR REPORTSTAR CALCSTAR DEALER INQUIRIES INVITED Keyboard Keyboard communicates serially with CPU Detachable with 2 foot coiled cord 95 keys in standard QWERTY format 13 Key Numeric pad Independent Caps Lock and Shift Lock 55 Software programmable function keys All keys auto repeat after 1 second delay fy Standard cursor and termina control eys Disk System Controller WD1793 Drives 5 25 Double Sided Double Density 400K 48 TPI Built in disk interchange formats Xerox 820 SD DD Kaycomp DD DEC VT 180 SD Osborne SD and IBM PC eg CPM 86 and Televideo 802 Read Write and Format compatibility Expandable to
16. 2 weeks for personal checks Point Data Products 619 287 2052 Suite 403 6065 Mission Gorge Road San Diego Calif 92120 The Micro C MS DOS Library Essential Utilities SWEEP LU86403 DSKRTN LDIR103 WHEREIS SQUEEZE UNSQUEEZE WASH MS 2 Cheap Assembler amp Disassembler CHASM ASMGEN MEMBRAIN UNWORDSTAR FSPOOL RAMDISK SDIR SOURCE l Adventure The original and most cussed adventure in C with source MS 4 RBBS Single user system A good remote bulletin board and source File amp Directory Utilities UTIL Z VTYPE ST PROTECT UNPROTECT Fig Forth Fig Forth Source Neat Games CASTLE a graphic and conver sational adventure TREKRUN Star Trek command adventure and BOUNCING BABY a neat finger exercise MS 9 PC Musician Pascal Games Calculator You might call this an educational disk PC MUSICIAN lets you learn about music while you re writing songs You won t have to remem ber those memorable tunes any more 15 PASCAL GAMES and SOURCE the games aren t great but you can learn how games are thought out PROGRAMMER S CALCULATOR shows the internal workings of a stack memory and registers Mode QMODEM and KERMIT MS 11 RBBS 12 3 Multi user system Remote bulletin board system MS 12 RBBS 12 3 Source MS 13 Editor amp Formatter ROFF4 PC WRITE and manuals Forth 83 All disks are formatted PC standard DS DD 360K 12 each from Micr
17. BIG NEWS The August 1985 SIG M releases contain several volumes of extreme interest to all Volume 241 has on it the official newly revised XMODEM protocol XMODEM now supports optional 1K blocks for those who use the new 2400 baud modems Paul Homchick has done the revision with testing by the who s who of comput ing On the same disk Ron Fowler has updated MEX to the same 1K stan dard Beware however MEX114 and XMODEM110 are the OFFI CIAL versions At least one member of the three revision a day crowd is trying to sabotage the standard be cause he can t count to 16 bits so watch out for higher numbered revi sions on the bulletin boards SIG M Volume 238 contains the CCIT X 25 Packet Standard all 3 levels configured for the Big Board but adaptable More on both of these volumes and the Protocol Wars next issue News From PC BLUE The PC BLUE library has three new data base management programs the 3by5 Information Manager on Volume 125 File Express on Volumes 126 and 127 and PC DMBS on Volume 131 The other day we went over to Hank Kee s office and found him testing the latest in freeware for PC BLUE SIDEKICK now has a freeware com petitor called DESKMATE on PC BLUE Volume 133 Again I repeat that I don t think freeware is good for computing and I certainly would not recommend any one ever sending money to the free ware peddlers However if you want a copy of something that
18. Power Supply RAM Protection Video Wiggle 1 2 PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 2 10 81 Parallel Print Driver Drive Motor Control Shugart Jumpers Program Storage Above PFM 1 2 PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 3 12 81 4 MHz Mods Configuring Modem 7 Safer Formatter Reverse Video Cursor FORTH words begins 16 pages ISSUE NO 4 2 82 Keyboard Translation More 4 MHz Mods Modems Lync and SIOs Undoing CP M ERASE Keyboard Encoder 20 pages ISSUE NO 5 4 82 Word Processing Two Great Spells Two Text Editors Double Density Review Scribble A Formatter 20 pages ISSUE NO 6 6 82 BB I EPROM Programmer Customize Your Chars Double Density Update Self Loading ROM Terminal in FORTH 24 pages ISSUE NO 7 8 82 6 Reviews of C Adding 6K of RAM Viewing 50 Hz On Your Own begins _ 24 pages ISSUE NO 8 10 82 Drive Maintenance Interfacing Drives Installing a New BIOS Flippy Floppies C ing Clearly begins Xerox 820 begins 28 pages ISSUE NO 9 12 82 BB II EPROM Program Relocating Your CP M Serial Print Driver Big Board I Fixes Bringing Up WordStar Cheap RAM Disk 32 pages Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October N ovember 1985 5 00 each Other Foreign ISSUE NO 10 2 83 Saving a Flaky Disk Hooking Wini to BB II The Disk Inspector JRT Fix Serial Keyboard Interface Pascal Procedures begins 36 pages ISSUE NO 11 4 83 BB I Expansions BB II Details Dyna RAM Disk Review Easier
19. The following sets the ZCPR3 Environment Descriptor 23 ext erlf new line F E 24 ext retud return User Disk in BC 52 oa h z3env 25 ext cout soutput a character 93 cal z3vinit 26 ext cin jinput a character without echo 54 3 27 ext pafdo j print A as floating decimal 55 The following checks for shell stack facility Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 563 57 call getshi 58 jnz testl 59 call print 60 db Shells are not supported 0O 61 ret 62 63 The following checks for the message facility Re 65 testi 66 call geatnsg 67 jaz test2 68 call print 69 dd Messages are not supported 0 70 ret T1 3 72 The following checks for the command line buffer facility 13 T8 test2 75 call getcli 76 jnz got 17 call print 78 db Command line buffer not supported 0O 79 ret 80 81 The following determines if the program was run by the user 82 as a command or by ZCPR3 as a shell 83 84 gol 85 call qshell jwas this program run by the user 86 jz wait jif run as a shell get next command 87 a This section of code sets up the program as a shell 9 90 call getefcb get name of program if possible gt jaz Setname name available so continue 923 lxi h def suse default name 93 jap setnamet 94 setname 95 inx h spoint to first character of program name 96 push h save pointer 97 lxi d 8 point to after last character 98 dad d 99 mvi m 0 jstore endin
20. These power supplies are new 65 WATT off line LITTLEBOARD INDUSTRIAL CONTROLLER This board was designed to be a building block for Z80 based control systems 2 5 4 or 6 Mhz 8 5 x 11 This supply will comfortably power an 820 w BIGBOARD 1 style SIO with current loop option CRT keyboard amp dual 5 floppies DUAL BIGBOARD 1 STYLE PIO 32 BITS A BARGAIN AT 35 cre and WATCHDOG TIMER 820 1 COMPOSITE VIDEO ADAPTER SUPPORTS MODE 2 INTERRUPTS ON ALL 1 0 z 2300 PLATED THRU HOLE PROTOTYPING AREA Assembled and tested Plug in design Produces 16K MIX OF RAM ROM or EEPROM very high quality video RCA phono jack output i switchers Four independent outputs rated at 5v 6A 12Y 1 2A 12Y 2 1A 12Y 25A SIZE 7 7 W x 2 0 H x 4 2 D BARE BOARD amp DOC cce ce 00 75 00 NEW PRICE 15 2 ROM MONITOR AND SOURCE 35 00 A amp T 250 00 J B Ferguson Inc TERMS MasterCard VISA money order certified 817 640 0207 gt check UPS cash COD Allow 2 weeks for personal or company checks to clear Add 5 for shipping P 0 BOH 300085 handling Texas add 5 125 tax Arlington Texas 76010 22 l Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Xerox 820 Column By Mitchell Mlinar Soa For me an acronym for Somewhere Outside the Galaxy The name suggests a far far away place where lots of Xerox Big Board and Kaypro users gather to share their
21. a sii End of Listing WE BRING ENGINEERS SCIENTISTS AND THE IBM PC TOGETHER Modular Data Acquisition System fei Bia SN ons EE pa e 8 bit resolution e 30 KHz throughput rate e 16 channel SE 8 DI e LABSTAR Software 490 00 e 12 bit resolution e 24 KHz throughput rate e 16 channel SE 8 DI e LABSTAR Software 690 00 IB Multifunction Board e Full GPIB controller capability e Three 16 bit interval timers e 24 digital I O lines e Software included 495 00 as e Generates user definable signal e Up to 2000 points per envelop e 200ns maximum output rate per point 795 00 QUA TECH INC 478 E Exchange St Akron OH 44304 216 434 31 94 INSIDE ZCPR3 continued from page 8 program such as a shell can read this message and determine how it was invoked A shell either installs itself if it was invoked by the user or executes if it was invoked as a shell Lines 85 and 86 determine if the program in Listing 3 was invoked as a normal command or a shell The QSHELL routine of Z3LIB returns with register A 0 and the Zero Flag set if the message set by ZCPR3 indicates invocation as a shell If invoked as a shell it enters a WAIT routine lines 121 123 Then you can examine the results of the command before the shell elears the screen and prompts for input If not invoked as a shell you must have issued a command to run this program specif
22. any disk or user area These functions are really handy for correcting disk full situations and reorganizing a disk without exiting the editor Better Than WordStar But this is a programmer s editor and it does some things better than WordStar Express comes up with the com mand menu on screen After you use it for a while you ll probably reconfi gure it to bypass the command screen and come up in editor mode If you re a Turbo programmer you may want to execute Express from within Tur bo You can edit any file in up to 32 user areas and there s no limit on file size If you select a non existent file to 100 edit Express will ask if you want to create it You aren t immediately thrown into a file you didn t want to create so you don t have to go back out and restart the file selection Safety Features The delete line command must be pressed twice to delete one line For each additional line deletion you only press once So you re less prone to accidental deletion You can also unde lete a line so it s not very likely that you are going to lose anything in this editor Express has some features that aren t available in WordStar For example words and lines can be erased in one place and unerased elsewhere like in Perfect Writer If you only have to move part of a line it s easier than marking a block and moving it as you have to do in the Turbo editor Macroing Express ha
23. have a pretty good feel for the insides of CP M this detailed look should give you a functional understanding of this neat environment I ve heard that a lot of the ideas for MSDOS s later versions came from ZCPR2 and 3 Steve Leon talks about utilities in this issue s public domain column He exposes some real finds for both CP M 80 and MSDOS programs I couldn t live very well without The Kaypro Column is devoted exclusively to Kaypro s current best seller It s the 2000 Surprised This snappy little package should be labled 90 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Darth Vader s Mousetrap you heard it here first The keyboard draws too much power they are recalling units for free upgrades and it looks like all units will have 784K built in 640K usable instead of the 256K that mine came with As far as compatibility is concerned it has a single 3 1 2 drive and no slots but it will run Flight Simulator And if it runs that what more could any lemming want But dang it all I really like the little beast One of the highlights of the SOG was George Morrow Gary excerpted George s talk on the future of comput ing for this issue In one sense this article is very easy interesting read ing However the issues he brings out are very important and very thought provoking These are issues we ll have to deal with as this computer revolu tion reaches its first wall We are th
24. k Forth Smalltalk Neon programming computers programming languages systems programming a Kempthorne 0 y 1978 t Logical epistemological and statistical aspects of nature nurture data interpretation s biometrics 1 38 1 23 k statistics data analysis data interpretation IQ tests analysis of variance correlation independence nature nurture Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 But it still wasn t right my dBASE file had 8 fields per record One of my 2 extra fields was extraneous bookkeeping stuff so I deleted it But I needed the other one a field for page numbers Bibliofile combines volume number and pages in one but I had used a separate field for page numbers So I changed my data base to conform with Bibliofile then typed COPY TO BIBLIO TXT FIELDS AUTHOR YEAR TITLE SOURCE LOCATION KEYWORDS DELIMITED WITH See Figure 2 Notice that each field is contained within vertical bars but is also set off by commas It s still not right for Bibliofile Kramer 11984 C Solution I wrote the algorithm in Figure 3 to get rid of those nasty commas List ing 1 shows the solution in Small C I call it DB2BF Figure 4 is the success ful output in Bibliofile format Using DB2BF DB2BF uses I O redirection see Hendrix s Small C Handbook pages 87 88 to read from and write to disk files The phrase DB2BF lt BIBLIO TXT gt BIBLIO BIB e
25. one of you guys should be willing to try this If you are successful send details so we can let everyone else know about it That s It Folks No more room No more time Will the sadness never end Next time I ll show you some MS DOS assembly language for sure I also hope to have some information on the 80386 soon and maybe some in depth of the 186 and 286 NOW FOR XEROX 820 BB amp BBIl LOW COST DISK CONTROLLER SAVE WEAR AND TEAR ON YOUR DISK DRIVES AND FLOPPIES WITH THE MODEL 3881 ALL SOLID STATE RELAY SMALL ENOUGH TO FIT EASILY INSIDE YOUR DISK DRIVE THE 3861 CAN BE INSTALLED IN MINUTES YOUR BIG BOARD WILL THEN TURN YOUR DRIVES ON AND OFF AUTOMATICALLY AS THEY ARE NEEDED FEATURES SMALL SIZE 1 75 X 1 48 X 0 35 FAST INSTALLATION DIAGRAM INCLUDED ZERO CROSSING ELIMINATES ALL SWITCHING NOISE TRIAC OUTPUT NO MECHANICAL PARTS DVDT FILTER INCLUDED LOW COST ONLY 8 88 EACH 1 YEAR WARRANTY 3 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA 1619 SOUTH MINNIE STREET SANTA ANA CALIFORNIA 92707 714 547 4316 CALIF RES ADD 6 SALES TAX ADD 1 08 EA POSTAGE amp HANDLING PLEASE SPECIFY BBI BBII OR XEROX Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 CP M 86 8 CP M 86 Disk 12 00 each Source for most programs s included in assembly lan guage A86 or high level language C PAS etc DISK 86 1 General Utilities FINDBAD CMD A8 amp Finds bad s
26. see what effect you are having on the screen If you haven t done this before turn it off while poking Sloping Screen Sloping screen is usually caused by a misaligned yoke a densely wound coil of wire wrapped around the neck of the picture tube To adjust first locate the metal clamp ring which secures the yoke to the picture tube Begin by loosening the clamp screw until the yoke is free to turn then slightly rotate the yoke and re tighten the screw Power up the machine to see if you corrected the problem Be patient it may take two or three tries to realign the yoke properly Note that the ring must be re tightened each time or you ll get misleading results because tightening the screw generally changes the ad justment slightly Horizontal Width And Centering When the horizontal width is not correct characters will appear either skinny or fat The following MBASIC program will help you determine both width and centering l 100 FOR I 1 to 1920 110 PRINT 31 120 NEXT I This program creates a series of white blocks covering the screen If this image is centered both horizontal ly and vertically and their widths look reasonable the adjustments are correct If not see the instructions below First locate the horizontal width adjustment coil It stands up on the video board like a small smokestack This coil controls the character width Insert the insulated plastic alignment tool into the cy
27. sufficient accuracy to meet most labo ratory requirements FORTH is also handy for controlling relays reading triggers and setting LEDs Qua Tech Inc 478 E Exchange St Akron OH 44304 216 434 3154 PXB 7 21 Parallel Exp Board 195 DM8 10 8 bit D A module 250 DM12 10 12 bit D A module 250 ADM8 10 8 bit A D module 295 ADM12 10 12 bit A D module 495 ERATA My column in issue 25 has some typos that crept in during Micro C s editing Under The FORTH Proces sor remove best after NEXT Starting on page 65 you can remove the capitalization on BASIC when ever that language is not being dis cussed Rolland Management Systems Utilities Package offers maximum access to files for CP M users Sort System Organize and reorganize any file fixed or variable length records unrestricted sort keys skip or include records or blocks Menu System No need to chain back to menu unrestricted construction of menus restrict user modification of menus enhanced batch processor under the menu 39 95 29 95 Batch List Utility List many files with one command optional page heading page number or date 19 95 x output to printer or another file configure for any printer Dump Utility Decode and display entire file contents x show hexadecimal integer or RADSO value 19 95 dump to screen printer or disk file begin at any block and dump any number FREE with pur
28. to Slicers design team All products are available in several kit forms Operating Systems are CP M 86 by Digital Research Inc 5 MS DOS by Microsoft Corporation Runs MS DOS generic software PC DOS program operation not guaranteed MasterCard Visa Check Money Order or C O D Allow four weeks for delivery Prices subject to change without notice 32 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 86 World By Laine Stump In this episode of 86 World I ll fill you in on a few new products intro duced at this year s SOG and also give some broad hints on installing 512K of memory on the main board of the Slicer using 256K DRAMs The assembly language I mentioned last issue will have to wait until later this stuff is just too important X 16 The Computer Not The Plane I along with the rest of the world finally got to see a working unit from PC Tech you know Dean Klein and Earl Hinrichs of Slicer fame Their new board called the X 16 is an IBM compatible that can directly replace IBM s original board all the same mounting holes sockets I O ports etc The big difference between the X 16 and the IBM is the 10MHz 80186 in the middle of the board But it uses the same chips as IBM for its inter rupt controller counter timers etc so these portions of the 80186 are left free for your own applications The X 16 includes 512K of RAM standard with room to expand to 1 Meg o
29. tracks and make it look as though you d never failed to initialize that pointer and never failed to put the amp s in scanf and had never never never looped that array index off into the next variable Benchmark Q C Do you think that Leor Zolman has Times courtesy of Dr David Clark ever neglected to put on a pointer re i Does nol SOOO NODS point thereby spraying odd bytes about the We ve also expanded the library 120 func operating system Noooooo surely tions the user s manual and compile time HE never does that I ve got to switches including multiple non fatal error believe in something out there while I 1 messages The price is still 250 00 and try to figure out how to talk between includes Microsoft s MACRO 80 As an option parallel ports to speed up this boat we will supply Eco C with the SLR Systems assembler linker librarian for 295 00 up to six times faster than MACRO 80 Baa For additional information call or write g AT oa a s Oto eee 317 255 6476 bed 6413 N College Ave Indianapolis Indiana 46220 anchor of a program THE LITTLE BOARD OEM INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC SECOND GENERATION SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT 4 MHZ Z80 CPU 64K RAM DOUBLE DENSITY MINI SIZE ONLY FREE CP M 2 2 moos ee erie 3 eos ta Es Nes A 139 VALUE A FREE ord B 5 1 4 IN CP M 2 2 zs Sees fas Ai 495 00 DISKETTE IS INCLUDED Si Elykon ALR Ee
30. urbo Pascal Games II With Source KayPro Disk K31 urbo Bulletin Board KayPro Disk K32 orth 83 Much Fancier Forth gN KayPro Disk K33 y 18 gN RALA A super utilities disk en KayPro Disk K34 ive games plus source mostly Turbo KayPro Disk K35 mall C Compiler amp Source Vers 2 1 Pro Disk K36 mall C Library of 100 Functions K2 K4 K11 K18 K21 K22 K24 K27 K31 K33 K34 K35 New MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 A Ee Eaa Bend OR 97709 503 382 5060 9 5 PST Monday Friday Save Up To 10 Pay only half price for a schematic package or pay only half price for your first disk when you order a subscription to Micro C at the same time KAYPRO USERS DISKS for KayPro Il 4 and 10 12 00 ea postage paid UTILITIES Really oodles of spiffy little and big programs to help you get full use of your KayPro DASM A true Zilog format disassembler for 8080 and Z80 object COM files Now you can turn COM files into MAC files UNERA COM Simply enter UNERA followed by the name of the file you just erased and presto the erased file is back A lifesaver FINDB54 COM Checks an entire disk reports bad sectors and then creates a special file containing those sectors You save a bundle on disks CAT2 Programs which create and maintain a directory of all programs on your disks Keeps track of programs which are and aren t backed up UNSPOOL COM Use your KayPro II
31. 0 and MP M 2 1 Procedure function lister 1 Generates a list of all that you have defined in your program 2 Gives dated paged listing of source to printer and 3 Lets you view a file on screen Source code formatter really a odds and keyword capitalizer Version 2 0 bug fix user area bug Version 3 0 additions what s new with 3 0 Error messages runtime and I O error descriptions correspondence be tween Ioresult return value and I O error Help files for assemblers ASM MAC M80 L80 The COM and DAT files take up about 120K of disk space and so can share a disk with Turbo and its error message file on even a SSDD 5 disk Even considering the overhead in volved in saving the current work file loading and running TURBOHLP to find the information needed then reloading the work file in most cases using TURBOHLP will be faster than digging through the manual A lot of the information the program provides isn t even in the manual Of course if you re running a hard disk or RAM disk the save load overhead will be _ reduced making the program even more attractive Contact Bill directly about price and available disk formats I looked only at the CP M 80 version of the pro gram The MS DOS version probably has some differences William L Mabee 540 West Main P O Box 538 Edmore MI 48829 Figure 1 Program d and d program d_and_d var battle_round
32. 1 CBIOS custom bios for Tandon drives 2 ZCPR dynamite CCP checks drive A for missing COM files improved commands 3 ZCPRBLOC identifies CCP location USERS DISK 5 1 CAT disk cataloging routines 2 Modem 7 for Port A 3 Modem 7 for Port B 4 PACMAN the arcade game 5 FAST buffers the disk to speed up assemblies 6 NOLOCK removes BB 1 shift lock 7 VERIFY cleanup amp verify a flaky disk 8 DUMPkX enhanced for BB 1 9 UNLOAD create HEX file from COM file USERS DISK 6 1 REZ 8080 Z80 disassembler TDL mnemonics 2 PRINTPRN prints Crowe listings 3 RUNPAC run time utility package for 8080 assem bly language programs Has 51 functions Includes source which assembles under ASM USERS DISK 7 1 CHNGPFM PFM monitor mods 2 TERM terminal routines let you set up BB as simple terminal as a file receiver or as a file sender 3 Checkbook balancing package 4 Disk Utilities copy to memory from memory and dump USERS DISK 8 pent custom BDSC I O for BB 1 both h and c 2 YAM Yet Another Modem program in source amp COM form Turns BB into paging intelligent terminal complete with printer interface baud rates to 9600 3 ROFF text formatter 4 SIGNS prints large block letters USERS DISK 9 1 ADVENTURE expanded 550 pt version 2 Keyboard translation program 3 CBIOS serial amp parallel printer interface TEIROM programming package for BB II for 2732s only USERS DISK 10 Lots of Disk Utilities 1 REBOOT sets up
33. 2 and the 12 volt battery will furnish this from full charge to near full discharge state Regulation to 12 volts is not possible and not needed Regulation of the 5V supply can be done at less cost by using an ordinary 1 5 amp 3 terminal regulator such as the 7805 LM309 LM340 5 together with an inexpensive 15A PNP wraparound current booster arrangement for the 5V 5A supply A practical circuit is attached Missing from Mr Torney s account is any mention of fuse protection Storage batteries are capable of fur nishing very large currents and sup 86 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 ply leads should be fused at or near the battery terminals 2N3055 ne 2N2904 5 6 7 2N4402 3 ETC If you have 2N3055 NPN on hand make PNP equivalent Use in lieu of M 2955 E A Wingfield 26 Belmont Dr Little Rock AR 72204 Fixing Hardware Glitches I have had a couple of hardware problems The first was after I changed to 5MHz My machine did unwanted cold boots after it had been running a while The answer was to add a heatsink to the Z80B I took a 2 inch square of aluminum sheet bent it up at two of the edges and superglued it to the top of the chip I used some silicone heatsink compound to aid conduction of heat and some clear tape around chip and metal in case the superglue came unstuck I hate to think of a large bit of metal clunking around inside the box See the ac
34. 21 95 4 5 5 Terms Personal checks allow 14 days COD MO Certified Checks Credit Cards add 3 5 5 Shipping and Handling 2 plus current UPS or P Parcel Post rates A 4 ORDERS ONLY 1 800 351 0295 IB COMPUTERS 503 297 8425 1519 S W MARLOW PORTLAND OR 97225 AAAA A Plus many others Write for list Shipping and handling 3 first set 1 each additional set CA residents add 6 sales tax Visa MC AmEx ORDERS CALL 1 800 443 0100 Ext 540 or mail to Computing Technology P O Box 1296 Ridgecrest CA 93555 A A P A A A J A A A A Z Dual Power Supplies l 5 A A A A f A P A f 4 A A A A A ZENET NETWORK through twist pair 6Mhz HD64B180 Z80 upward compatible 22k fe Serial RS232C X2and TTL X 1 byte on board 256K installed 384K RAM DISK Pararell centronics type 16 bit TTL 7 8 LAN ZENET port 800K baud CSMA CD thist pi pair bus a4 bit keyboard port 32 characters FIFO type upto 500 meters HDLC f O o O S Turbo Dos MP M multiuser Floppy 3 5 5 and 8 inch dfs density d s sided dan gt banked CP M plus single user d s track automatic desity format checking Size 10 X 6 inch 4 layered KAYPRO eens e Hard disk SCSI interface on board Assembled and tested users can share the advantage to Video 80x 24 characters color and 64
35. 4 PlO B84 od isk oie dae boise ade boat a a bees 59 95 Pro 884 MAX cece cece cence eee net stiess d 79 95 Decoder Board cece cee cece cere oneness 39 95 Schematic Packages Finally a complete schematic of your processor board logically laid out on a single 24 by 36 sheet plus a very complete illustrated Theory of Operation that s keyed to the schematic You ll get information that s available nowhere else For instance those of you with the 10 and new 84 systems get a thorough rundown on your video section complete with sample video control programs in assembly language Of course all packages contain serial and parallel port details and programming examples as well as complete coverage of the processor clock O and disk controller information that is not even available in KayPro s own Dealer Service Manual KayPro Schematic Packages KayPro Il amp 4 pre 84 KayPro 10 pre 84 KayPro 84 series H 4 amp 10 All prices include postage Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 PRICELESS UPGRADES ROn Schematic Packages Finally a complete schematic for your portable Kaypro logically laid out on a single 24 by 36 sheet plus a very complete illustrated Theory of Operation that s keyed to the schematic You ll get detail information on your processor board that s available nowhere else For instance those of you with the 10 and new 84 systems get a thor
36. 4 A new copy of MS DOS they didn t say what it fixed The low power keyboard and MS DOS por tions of the upgrade are free for the older how could a 2 month old ma chine be older machines Up to 30 50 and more e Extended Instruction Set 8 Bit and 16 Bit Bus Versions __ Available E 549 95 5 MHZ for the IBM PC o Dealer inquiries welcome 43 BONDWELL _ KA VPRO COMPATIBLE BUSINESS COMPUTER 795 Reads Writes and Runs All Kaypro ll Software directly All other CPM formats with Uniform BONDWELL 12 BONDWELL 14 4 MHz 2 80 CPU Same as the 12 except 64k RAM Expands to 128k 128k of RAM Two Single Sided Double Density Disk CPM 3 0 Plus Drives Built in Non Glare Amber Graphics Monitor Built in Voice Synthesizer Parrallel Printer Port Composite Video Output Portable Weighs 26ibs 16 Programmable Function Keys 795 vues DSDD 970 ae Price 995 ou Save 25 YOUR 5A ee os GUARANTEED s iy E Double Density Disk 45 OAS ve cen List ji pe BONDWELL 16 10 Megabyte Hard Disk Version of the 14 Built in 300 Baud Modem 2098 You Save 100 erat ohare Deh eS BaD eG eh Tah eleg te Galet ede t ed eg tates elen feteveceaeteledekeheyegelebetesetesefegelererstesey aohegebelets Por oahe St bt beet Ott Set ot Be Be be Oe Se bE S TOR DEES oe St OST She Ot be oe Se Oe Se Ot Be OC Seo PE Se SE SL et ot Oe Be ee r a P
37. 82 Formats SISTED AE do toa a n tee oyt o bwy nek inia LOO OHMI SADR MATSO MORHOS NEC Pi e a AN PEO Ho maps ms 130 Baywood Avenue Longwood Florida 32750 305 830 8886 Specifications General Mechanical and Electrical Width 17 5 inches 44 45 cm Height 9 0 inches 22 86 cm Depth 16 0 inches 40 64 cm Weight 24 6 pounds 11 1 Kg Power 80 130 VAC or 190 245 VAC 50 60 Hz 170 watts max Displa Display Tube 9 diagonal Green or Amber High resolution display circuitry 60 Hz refresh rate Display Format 25 lines x 80 columns 5x7 Character Font with full descenders 128 ASCII Characters 8x9 32 Characters Graphic Font 2K Memory Mapped Display Buffer SHORNE SUERHHAIS Fant Fk MONKOF DEt KAINBON 800 327 7182 OPTIONS e 16 BIT 256K RAM UPGRADE 8088 CPU 600 00 800K DSQD 96TPI DRIVES 150 00 COMPOSITE VIDEO OUTPUT 100 00 e SOFT VINYL CASE 25 00 e TUTOR KIT 15 00 _ CPM WORDSTAR CALCSTAR SCHEMATIC SET 10 00 10MB HARD DISK DRIVE 2149 00 AVAILABLE JUNE 15th 1985 FIA 1049 00 With Bundle CPU Board Z80A CPU running at 4 Mhz with no wait states 64K bytes of 150 ns RAM 55K after CP M loaded 16K bytes of EPROM 2732 can be switched in and out by software 12K available for user EPROMS 8275 CRT controller DMA driven 1793 Floppy disk controller SMC data separator Bipolar proms configure 10 addresses Fully structured interrupts prioritized by bipolar
38. COMPLETE KIT WITH EACH KIT j mA e DISK DRIVE SPECIAL O we TS NATIONAL PANASONIC J551 SA455 DS DD 5 1 4 IN 40 TRACKS PER SIDE 110 EACH A at units PRICE amp m 2G a HALF HEIGHT 48TPI 2 FOR 215 A vn RE ke ene MITSUBISHI M4853 249 00 CUT 4 DS DD 5 1 4 IN 80 TRACKS PER SIDE 130 EA HALF HEIGHT 96 TPI 2 FOR 245 oe BOTH DRIVES WORK FINE WITH THE LITTLE BOARD FULLY SOCKETED PERFECT MATE TO OUR ZRT 80 TERMINAL BOARD THROUGH SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT WITH AMPRO COMPUTERS WE ARE PLEASED TO OFFER THEIR LITTLE BOARD IN KIT FORM FEATURES 4MHZ Z80 CPU DOUBLE DENSITY 5 1 4 IN FLOPPY CONTROLLER 64K DYNAMIC RAM CENTRONICS STYLE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT USES 5VDC 75 A AND 12VDC 50MA Two 8232 SERIAL PORTS _ an TERMS Shipments will b d oximately t ks after we D igital Research Computers receive vour order VISA MC cash accepted Wo will accept COD s with OF TEXAS a 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping P O BOX 461565 GARLAND TEXAS 75046 214 225 2309 USA AND CANADA ONLY ALL SALES SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF OUR 90 DAY LIMITED WARRANTY FREE COPY UPON REQUEST Z80 TM OF ZILOG CP M TM OF D R Se 1 J E FERGUSON IANC 817 640 020T ONE MEGABYTE RAM EXPANSION BOARD FOR THE 820 1 amp BIGBOARD I Now you can expand the memory capacity of your BIGBOARD or of your 820 1 to ONE MEGABYTE This board can be used as a RAM disk a spooler buff
39. Drives in Enclosure with power 2 5 Disk Drives in Enclosure 169 00 149 00 Entire 820 1 System in above enclosure with Keytronics Keyboard with 2 8 Drives with 2 5 Drives withDiablo 630 Printer add Diablo sold only with complete system 699 00 t ATTENTION on XEROX amp BIGBOARD OWNERS NO NEED TO BUY CP M MicroCode offers a custom BIOS for Xerox BigBoard owners 100 Compatible with CP M 2 2 OPTIMIZED Z80 CODE FOR SPEED WITH TIME AND DATE STAMPING OF FILES Available for the Xerox 820 1 Xerox 820 11 BigBoard 1 and SWP Dual Density 820 1 BB 1 CP M Bootable disk will be shipped Includes Serial and Parallel Printer Drivers PRICES COMPLETE QP M WITH BIOS SPECIAL WITH SYSTEM CENTRONICS PARALLEL PRINTER CABLE PARALLEL DRIVER COM FILE SMARTROMS FOR 820 1 x SCREEN DUMP TO PRINTER DUMB TERMINAL MODE PARALLEL SERIAL PRINTER DRIVERS EXTENDED VIDEO CONTROL SCREEN SAVER FEATURE SOFTWARE CLOSEOUT NEW LICENSED DISK WORDSTAR 3 3 or 3 01 DATASTAR SUPERSORT SPELLSTAR MAILMERGE CALCSTAR OR SUPERSORT Wife CRAIG S FOR APPLE CP M New AUTOLETTER for Dbase Il Write form letters or normal letters automatically to your clients customers or anyone in your database without typing names and addresses Also does single or multiple envelopes or labels Add your own forms or letters 9 COMPUTERS ocd BT Figure 1 Xerox Vectored Interrupt Table
40. H Or call 503 649 3765 for VISA or Master Card orders KAMAS is available for many Z80 CP M computers Ask about your system with KAMAS lapsing the details from view Then expand the outline to devel op the specifics when you need to By collapsing and expanding portions of the outline you can maintain an overview and literally see how your ideas fit together And KAMAS is fast Your ideas re main at your fingertips KAMAS can locate and retrieve by keyword even a misspelled one in less than a second per topic file Use as much of the power as you feel comfortable with KAMAS is menu driven with over 100 on line help screens But you can also open the hood to find a high performance programming environment with the additional horsepower you may need to get the job done An active user community and the KAMAS Report newsletter keep you in touch with the latest KAMAS applications Achieve a commanding van tage point 49 95 FMT 49 95 Text Formatting System FMT provides most of the features of the high priced Text Formatters at our inexpensive price and it s easier to use too Note the features below Easily configured to your printer Con figuration files for 20 printer models are provided or generate your own FMT gets the most from your printers by taking advantage of their special features including condensed double width enhanced double print italics elite letter
41. I wouldn t want to reduce the operating time to under four hours so the batteries shouldn t be made lighter The cabinet is also fairly heavy It s strong and very nice looking it should not have much trouble passing the FCC tests but it s heavy For all its fanciness there are definite gaps where water dust and other environmental baddies can get in Charger The charger is a strange affair It looks like an off the shelf DC supply plus a custom down converter The custom down converter is a square box that doesn t match the quality or style of the rest of the system It looks like an afterthought When traveling its corners could scratch other items and it doesn t fit into the case I m unimpressed with this part of the 2000 The latest 2000s are shipped with a single charger module but I hear it s still big and heavy and square The 2000 s user guide recommends you keep the system charging all the time and that the batteries will dis charge in two weeks even if not used I assume from this information that the batteries are lead acid gel cells Not a bad choice for this kind of use I opened up the battery compart ment and it appears that the plastic wrapped battery contains three cells generating about 6 4V under load That would correspond nicely with the output of lead acid type cells continued on page 39 LI SA LE E S E E EE I OT ET TTT ET ES TS I EERE OEE OE TT LED
42. K PRO 884 Max I just wanted to give you some feedback on the PRO 884 Max Moni tor ROM I installed it a plus 4 decoder board and a quad density TEAC drive in my Kaypro 4 84 Generally they all work fine Your instructions were very clear and in fact it was easier to add the third internal drive than you indicate Any one with minimal electronics exper ience and a hacksaw should have no problem doing this As long as I had my hacksaw out I installed the four hidden keys above the numeric pad However I had some trouble finding the right 2 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 size keys My keyboard was made by Maxiswitch of Minneapolis but they didn t even want to talk to me much less sell me loose keys Finally I bought them from a Kaypro dealer At 8 a key Now I have a dynamite three drive ZCPR system drive A quad densi ty for my standard programs drives B and C for data and lesser used codes My dual density Dysan disks took to quad density very well A few tips may help other installers 1 Before tearing things apart take a test drive Set the new drive on top of the drive housing pull the plugs out of old drive A and plug them into the new drive to be sure it works properly All the cables should be long enough for this 2 To unscrew the inside mounting screws on the old drive you might need to remove the CRT This is easily done with the proper all
43. KayPro s new and old You can buy a similar package eslewhere for 60 ZCPR Again This disk is filled with ZCPR files You get ZCPR for the KayPro II KayPro 4 and the KayPro 10 This version is fixed so you can pass control characters from the keyboard to the printer and you can choose to have it recognize the semi colon for drive select as well as the colon So you can enter B or B to select drive B Super Neat ZCPR makes CP M a lot friendlier It searches drive A for any COM file it doesn t find on the current drive the TYPE command scrolls text 24 lines at a time and a new LIST command outputs a file to the printer MBASIC GAMES amp KEYBOARD TRANSLATOR We sifted through many games before coming up with these games All will work on any KayPro and all come in MBASIC source USOPEN shows you the fairway on the screen You select the club and direction for each stroke After you reach the green the display shifts to show details of the green and flag For one to four players DUCK is an offshoot of aliens Hunter tries to shoot down the ducks while ducks try to bomb the hunter Much fairer than real life CASTLE is an adventure in which you select your attributes strength dexterity and intelligence Great documentation and a very interesting game KSTROKES is a keyboard translator similar to Smartkey You can create and save translation files on disk The program even includes a table which generates WordStar commands from the
44. Key Tronics 5151 yes all the horror stories about the keyboards that come stock with IBM PCs are true Two serial ports a parallel printer port and a game port you can t beat that Battery powered clock keeps track of the time and date while the PC is off A monochrome graphics card that lets you use color and graphic software on a monochrome monitor displayed as sixteen shades of grey amber An amber monitor very chic Two 360 K disk drives AKA Double Sided Double Density Two front panel LEDs one to indicate that you left the computer on from the night before it s ok that doesn t hurt it and the other to tell you if the processor is in the high speed mode or just going IBM speed Eight full length expansion slots two are used by the multifunction card and monitor card six are available Five ROM sockets and two buss connection points load pro grams stored on your own ROMs 135 watt power supply ready for upgrading to a hard disk User s book and complete technical information the user s part is easy the tech part is very technical A computer without software is basically a solid state boat anchor and a rather poor one at that When you buy the Turbo 640 want you to be able to start using it the moment you take it out of the box therefore the 640 comes with software To start with there is Microsoft DOS DOS is the program that brings the computer to life Typically some version of it is run on
45. LASM This assembler is similar to the ASM that comes with CP M except that it can link files at assembly time A TEPEN Print routine for CROWEASM PRN iles LIBRARY Utilities which let you combine many files into one then you can run type or extrace any file within the larger system USERS DISK 21 Winchester Utilities BACKUP Helps you back up the winchester onto multiple floppies Creates a catalog of the files on each disk and includes the date of the latest backup Will not back up an unchanged file more than once Plus many more super features FLOPCOPY Lets you make floppy copies with only one floppy drive by using the winchester as a buffer BIGBURST Backs up a very large winchester file onto multiple floppies Joins the copies to recreate the original file MULTCOPY Use this like PIP but it prompts you to change disks Accepts ambiguous file names MDIR Displays files in all user areas on selected drive Many features MAKE MOVE PIP like utilities that make it easy to move files between user areas SWEEP The famous disk cleanup and transfer routine that does just about everything you can do with TYPE ERA DIR and PIP UNSQ This is the latest greatest file unsqueezer Enter UNSQ and it will check every file on the disk All squeezed files will be unsqueezed USERS DISK 22 Pascal Compiler This is a real Pascal compiler It supports only a subset of the language no records pointers bool
46. LosAltos CA 94022 415 948 3820 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 It s a real bargain Here s why e Only 49 95 plus shipping e 8080 to Z 80 Source Code Converter e Generates Microsoft compatible REL files or INTEL compatible hex files e Compatible with Digital Research macro assemblers MAC amp RMAC e Generates Ditigal Research compatible SYM files e Full Zilog mnemonics e INCLUDE and MACLIB files e Conditional assembly program plus shipping T o ORDER CALL TOLL FREE 1 800 367 5134 ext 804 For information or technical assistance 1 808 623 6361 Specify desired 5 or8 format Personal check cashier s check money order VISA MC or me coo welcomed Include 5 for postage and handling trademark of Zilog dne MAG RMAC and zsiD are trademarks of Digita ACCOUNTS PAYABLE osne oo This Year ments C ports incl Annual ACCOUNT Allows up f per month ule Keeps INVENTORY seseresacses 3 Allows up to 4 000 parts Keeps of unit sales as well as year to date Wit 612 339 2521 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 e Phase dephase e Separate data program common and absolute program spaces Maere Assembler FROM MITEK e Customize the Macro Assembler to your requirements with installation e Cross reference Generation e Z 80 Linker and Library Manager for Microsoft compatible REL files available as a total package with M
47. O Box 689 PHONE ORDERS ONLY CRS 1100 TERMINAL Putnam CT 06260 203 928 3654 8 PF KEYS MENU SETUP 4 DIFFERENT EMULATIONS PRINTER PORT 299 3 or more 203 928 6555 62 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 MS DOS In The Public Domain By Gary Entsminger Ir you re like me and need at least occasionally to use MS DOS you d probably rather not pay even 50 for every program you use If you re really like me you can t afford it One reason CP M has survived this long is poverty speaking money and affluence speaking talent and heart in the public domain MS DOS would have a larger following among hobby ists if not for its fortunate marketabil ity So ironically MS DOS commercial software is flashier and bigger and good MS DOS free software is har der to locate A few groups do cull the MS DOS public domain for good programs either for themselves or for redistribu tion to folks who don t have time access or the inclination to do the culling themselves Free seems like an ambiguous word when distributors charge for programs but you have to realize it s the weeding and the parts you re paying for rather than the programs themselves And at their and our prices no one s getting rich PC Blue PC SIG And Micro C PC Blue for example charges 7 per library volume or disk plus 3 shipping and 5 for a catalog They re n
48. ONLY 59 95 FREE To First 100 Buyers of the Month 50 00 WORTH of Time on NEWSNET Must purchase by the 20th day of the month VOLKSMODEM 1200 BAUD m 300 1200 baud smartmodem m Hayes compatible a auto dial auto answer m 5 year warranty NOW ONLY 179 95 SIGNALMAN EXPRESS This modem is an EXACT to the Hayes 1200 PLUS has storage ability of 10 number of 48 digits An chor Automations top of the line for those who will only have a Hayes TODAY ONLY 299 95 SIGNALMAN MARK 7 A 300 baud auto dial auto answer modem which comes with RS 232 cable RJ 11 cable and power supply DISCOUNTED 79 95 VOLKSMODEM CABLE Needed for Volksmodem 1200 and 300 Available for most computers price may vary with computer type MOST ONLY 9 95 CASE R1224 2400 baud now in stock This top of the line modem meets the new 2400 baud CCITT V 22 stand ard and is Asychronous sychronous 2400 1200 300 bps We have these in stock ready to deliver upon request 2400 BAUD TO DELIVER TODAY 599 95 Call Now Toll Free 1 800 922 2329 IN KANSAS 316 264 5068 S SUPPORT 316 264 5589 We Service What We Sell We Will Match Any Price SPECIALIZING IN DATA COMMUNICATIONS OMNICOM 440 MAPLE WICHITA KS e 67213 TERMS C O D acceptable add 1 90 Personal checks require two weeks for clearance Visa and MasterCard accepted All prices reflect 3 cash discount Add 3 for
49. Reverse Video Cursor PlannerCalc Review KayPro Column begins 36 pages ISSUE NO 12 6 83 256 K for BB I Bringing Up BB II dBase II Look at WordStar Double Sided Drives for BB I Packet Radio 5MHz Mod for KayPro 40 pages ISSUE NO 13 8 83 CP M Disk Directory More 256K for BB I Mini Front Panel Cheap Fast Modem Nevada Cobol Review BB I Printer Interface KayPro Reverse Video Mod 44 pages ISSUE NO 14 10 83 BB II Installation The Perfect Terminal Interface to Electronic Typewriter BB I Video Size Video Jitter Fix Slicer Column starts KayPro Color Graphics Review 48 pages ISSUE NO 15 12 83 Screen Dump Listing Fixing Serial Ports Playing Adventure SBASIC Column Begins Upgrading KayPro II to 4 Upgrading KayPro 4 to 8 48 pages ISSUE NO 16 2 84 Xerox 820 Column Restarts BB I Double Density BB II 5 8 Interface Fix KayPro ZCPR Patch Adding Joystick to Color Graphics Recovering Text from Memory 52 pages ISSUE NO 17 4 84 Voice Synthesizer 820 RAM Disk KayPro Morse Code Interface 68000 Based System Review Inside CP M 86 56 pages ISSUE NO 18 6 84 KayPro EPROM Programmer I O Byte A Primer KayPro Joystick Serial to Parallel Interface Business COBOL 60 pages ISSUE NO 19 8 84 Adding Winchester to BBII 6MHz on the BBI Bulletin Boards Getting It Together Track Buffering on the Slicer 4MHz for the 820 1 64 pages ISSUE NO 20 10 84 HSC 68000 Co Proce
50. Single Step Subroutines m a ASCII and Binary String Searching m a Port Input and Output m a View Disk Files m a Uses only 16k of TPA m u Stack Display m u Highlighted Memory Display m a Dual Monitor Support a User Writeable Display m 30 Day Money Back Guarantee m You can experience the power of DSD80 for only 125 Our money back guarantee will protect you from overloads Soft Advances P O Box 49473 Austin Texas 78765 512 478 4763 Programming for Productivity and Profit Please include 4 for shipping OSD is a trademark of Soft Advances CP M SID amp ZSID are trademarks of Digital Research Dealer inquires invited Ask us about DSD86 for the IBM PC Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Star Wars The Reagan administration announced recently that it s hiring programmers to write software for its Strategic Defense Initiative Program Star Wars Software not hardware will be the biggest hurdle we face so we re going to start processing immediately a source close to the president admitted The administration became aware of the problem when a computer scientist name withheld by request resigned from the nine member Star Wars advisory panel no doubt in a panic He d worked with the Naval Research Laboratory since the early 1970s and helped develop battle software for the Navy On resigning he said Because of the extreme demands on the system and our inability to
51. TO BUY LARGE COMPREHENSIVE MANUAL PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE PROGRAMMING SYSTEM SOFTWARE AVAILABLE FOR CP M 80 CP M 86 AND MS DOS SYSTEMS D BLB BCTRONIC SWITCHING OP BPROM TYPES TIMING ON BOARD n AE e EEE E CONNECTS TO ANY PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE USES 8 OUTPUT 21 HIGH SPEED SERIA NEUT FULL BORON READING AND PROGRAMMING 2a Bal Maes et iis ae ee L AR UNIT MAY ALSO BE CONNECTED TO ONG 8 BIT INPUT OUTPUT PORT 25 RS Eatin iene A A CONTROL PROGRAM COMMANDS 26 l PROGRAM EPROM S FROM DISK SAVE EPROM S TO DISK ths ab putel Ute it coerce C into 23 command line buffer READ DISK FILE A O RAM F PROGRAM TERI S FROM RAM 29 call erlf READ EPROMS ee S ERASED COPY DISPLAY MODIFY RAM MONITOR MODE Witt H iy Sue COMMANDS FILL DUMP XFER BXAMINB MODIFY BIAS PROGRAM VERIFY BTC 30 call print tError Command Line Overflow 0 ASSEMBLED amp TESTED UNIT WITH COMPLETE gt 199 DOCUMENTATION AND SOPTWARB ON DISKETTE PARTS KIT WITH SOFTWARB AND DOC gt 179_ PCB SOFTWARB amp DOC gt 69 SOFTWARE ON 8 amp 5 1 4 DISK FOR KAYPRO OSBORNB IBM amp OTHER FMTS TO ORDER SEND CHECK MONBY ORDER WRITE OR CALL ANDRATECH P O BOX 222 MILFORD OHIO 45150 513 752 7218 CALL OR WRITE FOR MORB INFORMATION ADD 4 00 FOR SHIPPING OHIO RBS ADD 55 TAX VISA MC ACCEPTED 300 FOR COD Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 b SN v Z
52. The Kaypro Column By David Thompson I wrote this review of the Kaypro 2000 on a Kaypro 2000 And to make this truly a working review I used the 2000 on a daily basis to write and edit Micro C This is my favorite way to review a system because it gives the system a chance to point out crannies I wouldn t have thought to look for Plus if there are bugs hiding in the crannies or out in the open I might even have time to find solu tions Text Editor The 2000 comes with all the Star stuff WordStar etc but WordStar doesn t work for me I m infinitely annoyed by a text editor that spends its time and mine accessing the disk So I m using good old Vedit and it s working beautifully Vedit keeps at least 35K in memory which is larger than any of my text files even my editorials It reads the file off the disk when the editing begins and it writes it out when the editing ends In between editing is faster than blue blazes Laine s new editor seems to work just as fast and is a lot cheaper however it s limited to Z80 systems so I can t try it here Anyway Vedit is a particularly good editor for working on this sys tem because running the disk drive takes a big chunk of power So it s nice to minimize disk accesses The Kaypro 2000 contains batteries that can run the system for four hours from a full charge assuming 10 24 minute disk access time By using Vedit and mostly doi
53. Tulin TL226 half ht 20 megabyte 630 00 SURPLUS Tandon TM 55 2 5 double sided 48TPI 40 track 6 msec track to track 90 00 SURPLUS Shugart SA455 5 half height 48TPI 40 track 6msec tracktotrack dbl sided 90 00 Remex 7 height with full height face plate 48TP1 40 track doublesided May be used in place of TM 100 2 80 00 Shugart SA455 Panasonic JA551 2N 5 half height 48TPI 40 track 6 msec double sided 114 00 19 00 15 00 NEW NEW NEW TEAC FD55B half height 48TPI 40 track 6 msec double sided Power 12V 25A typ 5V 38A typ 126 00 NEW TEAC FD55F half height 96TPI 80 track double sided 155 00 NEW TEAC FD55 GFV AT 5 1 2 megabyte floppy For IBM PC AT etc 195 00 NEW TEAC FD35F 3 80 track 135TPI double sided 195 00 NEW Hard Disk Controller Cards DTC 5150BX For IBM PC 244 00 Without Data Cables 229 00 Western Digital WD1002 WX2 For IBM PC 210 00 Without Data Cables 195 00 When ordering controller cards please indicate the model of drive you will be using and the number of heads cylinders and formatted capacity of the drive NEW DTC 5250 Will run two 5 floppies and two 5 hard disks For example two TEAC FD55B one Microscience HH725 20 megabyte fixed hard disk and one Syquest SQ306R 5 megabyte removable hard disk 400 00 All drives with asterisk are compatible with the IBM PC as 360K or 380K drives Half height drives may required mounti
54. UNLIMITED NUMBER of POWERFUL KEYBOARD MACRO S e TOTALLY RECONFIGURE THE KEYBOARD to look like another editor if you desire so you don t have to learn new control keys Use one of the FASTEST SEARCHES EVER WRITTEN We take advantage of the powerful Z 80 string handling instructions Sorry 8080 owners this one s too fast for you e INSTANTLY configure EXPRESS for your terminal or computer using the included terminal data base Over 50 predefined terminals e Edit FILES LARGER THAN MEMORY with EASE e Easily enter and edit CONTROL and HIGH BIT CHARACTERS Other EXPRESS 2 0 features DYNAMIC word WRAP UNWRAP e Full Cursor control and then some EASY to SET TABS e GLOBAL SELECTIVE LITERAL IGNORE CASE REPLACE FULL BLOCK INSTRUCTIONS including BLOCK PRINT BLOCK SAVE amp INCLUDE VARIABLE SPEED FAST BI DIRECTIONAL AUTO SCROLL e GOTOPAGEN LINEN COMPACT Only 24K on disk 19K in RAM for program EXPRESS VERSION 1 0 SAMPLER e Version 1 0 is a sample copy available FREE on your local Bulletin board or for only 10 00 from us Version 1 0 was a very preliminary version of EXPRESS and did not yet have all functions implemented However we feel it is a good way to allow you to see for yourself the power of EXPRESS before you buy Version 1 0 has the following limitations Only 16 user areas Copy Rename Erase not available Limited Keyboard MACRO s Dynamic word wrap unavailable Literal S
55. a sizable nest egg built up Being on you own requires that you have this kind of fiscal maturity Otherwise if you blow your income as fast as you make it during the good times you won t be ready for the bad times which most assuredly are ahead A reasonable fee is determined by what the market will bear but make sure it will cover all your overhead expenses plus provide enough for several months of bad times Since I work through a broker I let her tell me what a reasonable fee is for a particular job and location She has a lot more experience in this area and has a vested interest in getting me a job at a good fee After all she gets paid 30 of what I do So if the fee is too low then she loses a little money but if it is unrealistically high then I lose the placement and she loses a buncha bucks During the good times remember to amass enough funds to see you through the bad times View this money as a potential low interest loan to yourself and never borrow against it unnecessarily Save it up for that rainy day It s To Your Credit After my business had been going like a house afire for six months I had 84 my accountant produce a profit and loss statement With this in hand and my nest egg in a money market account I went to my savings and loan and established a nice fat line of credit This is in addition to my two Visas and one Mastercard each with a several thousa
56. a filename so the system will always access the same file on the same drive even if the default drive is changed FileName CurrentDrive FileName Drive User Number CP M keeps the current drive and user number user 0 for instance in two places BDOS has its drive user storage location but there is also a location in low memory at address 4 where this info is stored When you warm boot information from address 4 is sent to BDOS Thus a program can select any drive user combination while it s running knowing that the user will wind up back at his original drive user location after everything s finished Address 4 the fifth byte from the bottom of memory contains two 4 bit numbers The least significant 4 bits represent the drive and the most significant the current user number For example HEX USER DRIVE 00 0 A 0 0 B 10 1 A 1 1 B F2 15 C The following code illustrates how to read and display address 4 var DriveUser Byte absolute 0004 Drive Char User Byte begin Drive Char DriveUser mod 10 41 User DriveUser div 10 Writeln Drive User Drive User end The statement DriveUser mod 10 will mask out the four high order bits of drive user leaving just the drive code Again adding 41H turns it into the equivalent ASCII capital letter DriveUser div 10 performs the same masking operation on the four low order bits leaving
57. a lot of comments on our renewal forms from people who say we are over their heads technically I don t understand half of it but I like it These are the people who renew The folks who don t renew probably don t understand half of it and probably don t like it either Well we have been a technical journal from day one And we will remain technical There are many good publications for people who are primarily interested in running Word Star Perfect Calc and other applica tions There aren t very many publica tions like Micro C which deal primarily with hardware operating systems and structured languages The problem is that there is a moat between the applications stuff you know hit ctrl K ctrl E to turn off the menu and high level discussions of new compilers Spreadsheets and editors are get ting friendlier which means the user is having less and less contact with the operating system and the hardware That s why we re getting calls from folks trying to boot up a disk under WordStar Magazines such as User s Guide and Profiles can help these people use their software and their operating system Then if they become interest ed in how their operating system is put together or how to modify it they become candidates for Micro C hoo ray for new candidates So we will be running some get up to speed articles That way up and comers will know intuitively the dif fer
58. are flying fast and thick about the demise of more computer magazines Two most mentioned are Creative Computing and Popular Computing Both are old standbys in this industry like Microsystems or Computers and Electronics In fact Creative picked up some of the unex pired subs from Computers and Elec tronics Creative Computing has been the more technical of the two closer to my heart so I called to see if there was any validity to the rumor It doesn t appear there is I talked to Paul Grosjean reviews editor He told me they were definitely working on the October issue and that there THE X16 N state DRAM E W Quick Kit Full Kit Assembled and Tested XT Style Flip Top Enclosure 150 W Power Supply A NEW single board computer with uncompromising speed 8 MHZ or 10 MHZ 80186 16 bit microprocessor 512K standard or optional 1M zero wait SASI hard disk tape controller port 514 floppy disk controller 40 track 80 track single sided double sided and or PC AT type up to 4 any type PC compatible custom ROM BIOS Five PC type cardslots pick your own video card Numeric co processor port PC motherboard 8 5 x12 Designed by Dean Klein and Ear Hinrichs OEM inquiries welcome OUR PRICING Not So Bare Board Contact PC IEC PRINTED CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY had been no word about things fold ing Paul is a central figure at Creative since they are
59. asset 40 liabilities 40 income 80 expense amp 20 capital accounts user assignable Prints checks P amp L balance sheet chart of accounts single account details check ledger etc Generates a printable detail journal for audit trail A R A P PAYROLL INVENTORY These programs are available as either stand alone software Disk 9 PC MUSICIAN PASCAL or MBACOUNT integrated modules Stand alone 79 00 ea Integrated 50 00 ea PROFBILL 149 00 Time keeping and billing for all professional people who bill at various hourly GAMES CALCULATOR rates Handles 400 clients 10 partners employees Prints billings statements aged billings You might call this an educational partner employee hours etc May be used stand alone or integrated with MBACOUNT disk PC MUSICIAN lets you learn SBACOUNT 79 00 Small business single entry system Up to 2 income and 99 expense eye categories user assignable Prints checks P amp L month quarter YTD single account details about music while youre writing check ledger Generates a printable income expense journal for audit trail songs You won t have to remember MAILLIST 89 00 Mailing list filing program 10 fields per record and up to 900 records per file those memorable tunes anymore 15 files limited only by disk space Sort print all or partial list by most fields on 1 2 or 3 across labels on PASCAL GAMES AND SOURCE 80 col printer Search add to delete or edit by most fie
60. cheap and widely available PC software on the PC s 8088 or 8086 or 80186 on the X 16 If you re programming you enter your source in WordStar or whatever you use and then compile it on the DSI for faster results like 20 times With the Greenhill Pascal C and FORTRAN compilers plus FORTH BASIC and Small C from the public domain the DSI board looks like a winner What a neat package for people doing statistical analysis or other power hungry jobs Trevor won an award at the SOG for Turning an IBM into a computer 68008 Dave Bridger showed his Helix UniQuad computer the first 68000 system to be demonstrated at a SOG It s a 68008 based Little Board style multi user single board system that fits alongside a 5 1 4 drive The UniQuad comes with the OS 9 68000 operating system small but UNIX like it got its start with the 6809 word processor spreadsheet and BASIC P code compiler To make a complete system you attach one or more drives hard or floppy a power supply and from one to four serial terminals The board comes with 128K of memory and is limited to 512K The 68008 runs at 8MHz Price is 995 64180 We got our first look at a D64180 based board this one the MSC LAT1 from Southern Pacific Comput er Products The Hitachi CPU the 64180 is Z80 upward compatible runs at 6MHz and uses an MMU memory manage ment unit to handle up to 512K The single user version r
61. command programming language with conditionals loops subroutines labels nesting interrupt processing error traps and debugging facilities Design intricate menu systems Includes a special compiler that provides string and numeric variable substitution an integer math package a relocatable code generator and more Con X Pull Down Menu System Provides a user friendly interface to all proprammabie ConIX option settings Full menu driven with helpful prompts and built in plain Englis explanations of all menu functions Pulls down with only one keystroke at the system prompt level Source code included Con X Library I XCC Utilities Over 25 utilities written in the ConIX shell language including hierarchical directories with overlay adds pathname capability to existing software interactive debugger move copy link multiple files print files with pagination review disk files for deletion unerase disk with stats full screen TYPE and more Source code included Provided with executable modules for ConIX basic system Con X goes a great deal farther in flexibility than any other CP M shells this system has all of its competitors beat As reviewed in Computer Language June 1985 SPECIAL NEW LOW PRICES You have a CP M computer and you don t own ConlX What are you waiting for Lower prices Well if our initial price of 165 kept you back you should have no
62. computers are priced to sell These boards are a technicians opportunity to come up with a computer at a very low cost These boards have electrical defects but are in a pretty good shape mechanically We will be S shipping the best boards first Schematics will be included with each order 820 1 45 00 820 2 65 00 J B Ferguson Inc 817 649 0207 P O Box 300085 Arlington Texas 76010 MasterCard VISA money order certified check UPS cash COD Allow 2 weeks for company personal checks to clear Add 5 for shipping and handling Texas add 5 125 tax 3 We just received another shipment of Xerox 820 boards In this purchase were quite a few 820 2 AUTOMATIC TIMEIDATE STAMPING OF FILES WITH A iD A raed a gave by MICROCode 100 compatible with CP M 2 2 and resides in same space Uses your computer s hardware software clock 10 15 faster disk read write User selectable default drive user area Automatic disk re logging Full Access to ALL 31 user areas Completely replaces BDOS and CCP Efficient backup utility Requires QBIOS or CP M 2 x 9 new transient commands 5 new system calls ATTENTION KAYPRO XEROX AND BIGBOARD OWNERS NO NEED TO BUY CPIM MICROCode offers a custom BIOS for Kaypro and Xerox Big Board owners including SWP Dual Density users on a bootable QP M disk COMPLETE QPIM PACKAGE with Documentation Includes D Sorted DiRectory program Displays ti
63. convinced he d gained more than he d given and he gave a lot See the excerpts from his talk in this issue He definitely wanted to come back next year and spend more time He arrived at the Redmond airport 20 miles from here at 12 30 p m he began speaking just after 1 p m I cut off his talk at 2 50 p m Sandy got him back into the car at 3 05 p m his flight departed the Redmond terminal at 3 30 p m and he was on it Feelings There was a subliminal feeling among some of the attendees a feeling that perhaps this was a unique event something that couldn t be repeated I don t know I felt the same way after SOGs I II and III Each of the SOGs has been more intense more attendees and more speakers It s like radioactive material you get enough computer freaks together in one place and unpredictable things happen I don t know how close we are to critical mass but each year is different And I think better Announcements This SOG was unique because there were many more announcements of new products than ever before Last year s excitement was the Slicer The Slicer was back again this year but it was overshadowed by some newer systems two 80186 systems one 32032 one 68000 and a 64180 X 16 This is the latest and most IBM compatible product from Dean Klein and Earl Heinrich Dean and Earl used to work for Slicer but they have since split off on their own Their
64. declare one of them locally when you need a temporary or loop counter then the next higher declaration for that variable will be used Hard to find when you re debug ging CONST and TYPE declarations are usually best when global to the entire program In addition to the benefits of efficiency the program will be easier to understand if these declarations aren t buried somewhere in the middle of the code An exception is a type that s only needed within a single procedure The partitioning of data and proce dures that Pascal provides is taken to its logical extreme in Modula 2 In 6245 Columbia Ave St Louis MO 63139 Modula 2 variables and procedures must be specifically IMPORT EX PORT ed in order to be known to other modules This provides more control over variable and procedure utilization to the programmer and improves maintainability To sum it all up Pascal provides mechanisms for the partitioning of both data and code within a program This lets you write programs to minimize unwanted and unexpected side effects and improves maintaina bility TURBOHLP Bill Mabee recently sent me a copy of a Turbo Pascal utility program called TURBOHLP He says it s the first of several utilities he plans to market both for 8 and 16 bit operat ing systems I spent some time with the 8 bit version and I like it TUR BOHLP is a menu driven screen oriented help facility for Turbo Pascal programmers The pr
65. disk drive Print buffer software included Low power consumption picks up its power directly from your system with an optional battery backup package available Works on Xerox 820 Kaypro or any other Z80 based system 2MB SemiDisk Board assembled 995 00 Optional battery backup unit 05 150 00 PANASONIC HALF HEIGHT DISK DRIVES The finest new half height 5 a disk drives Fast reliable with lower power consumption Panasonic JA551 DSDD 48 TPI 99 00 Panasonic JA561 DSQD 96 TPI 0 eee 114 00 SmarTEAM 103 212A MODEM Auto answer auto dial 300 1200 baud with full Hays compatibili ty Metal cabinet status LEDs speaker with volume control and phone cable os esisi iien paw ete es SS a ee ae whet 229 00 XEROX CABINETS AND ACCESSORIES Our stock changes frequently due to quantities and availability of these items please call to check stock and get shipping charges before ordering Xerox standard computer cabinet w monitor frame 95 00 Xerox high profile keyboard w cabinet new 65 00 Xerox 5 1 4 disk drive cabinet 25 18 00 Xerox 5 4 disk drive cable 000005 12 00 Power connectors for 820 board pc or PS cable 2 50 Switching power supply for 8 drives 69 00 Xerox 820 boards working 02000ee 95 00 Parallel ASCII keyboard not
66. disk format program sysgens CBIOS source easy install files manual and 2716 roms e Works with X120 board for double density XPRO ROM Set reisn minra eOe en Sede ate ae aires 49 95 PLUS2 ROM SET by MICROCode Consulting Upgrades your Xerox 820 1 or BBI to Kaypro and 820 1 compatibility with advanced options e Boots from 820 1 disk or our advanced BIOS e Bank selected for efficient use of program memory e Automatically logs on to 8 and 5 4 disks e Adds inverse and low intensity video capability e Logical to physical drive mapping e Has advanced error handling and recovery e Includes real time clock using existing CTC eHas Xerox rom monitor commands e Supports multiple disk formats with utility program e Includes disk format program CBIOS source utility programs manual and 2716 roms e Works with the X120 board for double density PLUS2 ROM Set 225 odeicewns yone Bene cars eons ashy 49 95 Board and Rom Set Package Prices X120 Board A amp T with rom set specify 160 00 X120 Bare Board with rom set 00 ee ee 72 00 X120 Full Kit with rom set i yaaa Gia 139 95 Include 3 00 for Shipping and Handling under 2 pounds 6 00 for COD 3 for Bankcards Add 3 00 for each disk drive or cabinet Phone hours 8 30am to 5 00pm weekdays 10 00pm to 7 00am by modem same phone number seven days a week UNIFORM by Micro Solutions The solution to the diskette incompatibility
67. drives by selecting 80 track in byte 1 of the MTAB in the BIOS This change will turn on precompensation only on tracks greater than 40 which of course do not exist Check the BIOS supplied with the machine to find this location 3 The maximum specified ripple on the 12 volt supply is 100 mV pk pk To help achieve this I placed 2200 uFd across the supply to ground Although I found no improvement in operation it was comforting to have the value in spec 4 As supplied the speed adjust ments on my drives seemed to be off slightly While the drive motor s strobe ring is illuminated with a fluorescent light adjust R30 the pot on the lower back wall of the drive until the strobe ring remains station 5 Don t adjust things if you can t measure the results 6 Be sure the connections to motor control cards are good Spread the pins on the male connector so they conduct well If this connector is loose the drive motor runs open loop and sounds like a possessed sewing machine 7 Buy someone else s drives Mark Sihlanick 121 Twin Creek Terrace Forest VA 24551 Slicer 1OMHz Upgrade I originally bought a B step 6MHz 80186 CPU with a bare Slicer board I recently noticed an offer by Hawke Electronics Amotex House 45 Han worth Road Sunbury on Thames Middlesex U K to supply 10MHz AMD 80186s at L12 50 each Editor s note readers will have to figure out the U S dollar equivalent An appli
68. end complete mature system available now party array 1 20 of player FEDIT is currently available on 8 SSSD CP M v2 2 for campaign_day integer position coordinates X Y Z integer begi procedure move_party x yY z integer begin end position x position x x position y position y y position z position z Z end End of Listing THE PROFESSIONAL Now UNIFORTH is better than ever It s been upgraded to the FORTH 83 Standard and extended with lots of new programming tools that will save you time and frustration No vague error messages No jumping back and forth between UNIFORTH and your operating system it s all there in one comprehensive package Prioritized Multitasking Multi file Video Editor Floating Point Arithmetic Powerful String Package Text File Support Plus the ability to copy files search directories compile whatever The Professional comes with a unique 500 page Users Programmers Guide that will lead you painlessly from the basics to the heart of FORTH You ll find lots of examples and programming hints inside the ivory slip case Need more Some of the options we offer include Telecommunications Graphics Cross Compilers Star Catalogs The UNIFORTH Professional is available for most personal computers and DEC mini computers Prices start at only 195 For more information call or write for our free 16 page catalog We guarantee that you ll
69. extra charge you get random lines everywhere This is due to 1 Insufficient rise times in the video output the bandwidth is OK but you should see what the video amplifier does to a squarewave 2 No horizontal retrace blanking 3 Parasitic oscillations in the hori zontal output transformer The Mod I ve modified the Motorola MD 3970 monitor one of the most com mon in the U S If your computer has the Ball BCX 200 monitor which is very similar skip step 4 Step one gives a black on white display of fair quality By step four it should look very good Figure 1 Inverting the Video NORMAL Jd 7 5 Figure 2 Old fashioned Pulse Feeding 30 TURNS ON LINE OUTPUT FORMER I m convinced that anybody with a reasonable knowledge of the inner workings of a TV given the time and money can make an even better display Let me know if you do Step 1 Invert the video and gate with the vertical sync pulse to eliminate some of the retrace lines See Figure 1 Step 2 Decrease the rise time of the video output stage Remove C103 You ll find room for an inductor L101 on the PCB Remove the link that s been substituted and experi mentally find the inductor value Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Kaptensgatan 2A5 SF 22100 Mariehamn Aaland Islands Finland which gives the shortest rise time without oscillations try 4 7 uH Fill a portion of memory with zer
70. f s aren t going to make it They really should be s s He would ve told you to get lost because he learned how to spell from the fellow who taught him and after he became a master he decided how words should be spelled There were so few people who could read How did they teach It was a one on one thing So there was a big pipe between getting monks in and getting books out Because if the population grew you had to have more Bibles or you had people straying from the proper way And they would stray from the proper way whether they were Mos lems or Christians it doesn t matter all human beings like to stray And then be brought back Gently So the printing press was a way to get more production out of copying I m told that if you were an author and wanted something printed they created a typescript especially for you they looked at your writing and created a typescript What were they doing They were copying writing Now think of the early days of the printing press Here you ve just in vented this widgit and instead of having a cadre of copiers you ve got a printing press that makes doing these things a lot faster Now we do spread sheets fast then you created words fast So we invent the printing press and turn it on There must have been a 10 000 fold increase in productivity right How long did it take to fill the need for Bibles and encyclopedias And what happened to all th
71. high speed CRT controller Z80 is a registered trademark of Zilog Inc e o i CP M plus b a k sage on included RAM disk upto 2M byte and SCSI hard disk Turbo Dos is a registered trademark of Software 2000 Inc p interface card for ICO with instailation program Mountain Side Computer and ZENET are trademark of Southern Pacific Limited e Size 10 X 6inch 4 layeri ed USA distributer Manufacturer and international distributer SOUTHERN PACIFIC SOUTHERN PACIFIC LIMITED COMPUTER PRODCTS U S A INC Sanwa Bldg 2 16 20 Minamisaiwai Nishi Yokohama JAPAN 220 P O BOX 4427 Berkeley CA 94704 0427 U S A Phone 045 314 9514 Telex 3822320 SPACIF J Phone 415 253 1270 Advanced single board computer technology company Dealer and distributer inquiries welcome CP M plus is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Distributors England Quanta systems 01 253 8423 Denmark Danbit 03 662020 Fintand BB Soft 90 692 6297 India Betamatix PVT Ltd 0812 71989 94 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 ATTENTION DDT SID and ZSID USERS Why are you wasting your time with outdated debugging tools when you could be using DSD80 by Soft Advances DSD80 is unmatched in the CP M 80 world and even makes most 16 bit PC programmers green with envy m Full Screen Display m u DDT Command Compatibility m a Software In Circuit Emulator m m Superior Symbol Support m Intel and Zilog Mnemonics m a 8080 and Z80 Support m E
72. his next work station Like the 68000 however there is no standout operating system for the 32000 chips and there is no operating system which supports graphics or sound Off The Shelf Maybe the best bet is to find a 68000 off the shelf system that sup ports sound graphics everything If it became a standard people would no doubt come out with hardware clones We could all get in early spend the time and effort to get up to speed and then be comfortable for a few years The Amiga looks like such a system Unlike the ST and the Mac it s fast Philippe Kahn loves his it does super graphics in B amp W and color has super sound supports expansion and at 1295 is relatively cheap However we don t get to build it If the system becomes a standard and it well could then we might see some kits here s the clone trip all over again coming down the pipe _ But What A Downer The Big Board was state of the art when it appeared and the only way you could own one was to build it You really paid your dues The Xerox 820 and Kaypro hit the market much later and even then were more expensive than building a system yourself at least for awhile We builders were on the front edge of the technology Hooray for the front edge of technolo gy Now we can build an X 16 Dean and Earl s 80186 based whizzer that is very very PC compatible or we can build a Slicer But with few exceptions the DSI 32 a
73. in one whirl of the compiler Who s to say what s normal must surely be the motto of Kernighan or Ritchie or both Read The Manual On Sunday even during the random moments when the C programs were running transfers from the Zenith to the Kaypro would zip merrily along until the end of the file and then boom the Kaypro would go whacko and fill the RAM disk all half a meg of it with strange and wondrous characters Since I was very uneasy about file handling in MS DOS C I spent at least an hour poring over MS DOS hex 21 services and directory modes Whatever they are I finally pulled out the C 80 manual for a line by line comparison of func tion descriptions and there it was low level I O routines in C 80 expect arguments in even multiples of 80 hex I forgot A bit of div and mod work and the file size stayed finite Don t Clobber Control Variables Finite but not right My accursed drives would sometimes shut down after a few whirls and sometimes produce 60K files out of 2K sources Back to the MS DOS file descrip tions plus an hour or so trying to figure out how EOFs 1s were leak ing into the loops I ANDed every thing in sight I rewrote routines I renamed variables I called my ex wife boy was she surprised I tried to phone my mother I exited from wild places in the program I considered prayer And then I saw that I had named my file buffer buffer ell not
74. in the telegraph business not the communi cations business I believe we re supposed to learn something from our own mistakes and if we can learn something from other people s mistakes too which is what were going to get into in a minute So I asked myself OK smart guy what business are you in I didn t know I have asked hundreds of people and they ve given me all kinds of answers IBM thinks it knows what business it s in infor mation processing and it s very successful So I said will I be as smart as IBM Or will I hear a description of what business I m in without recog nizing it I claim that s possible and I claim that s why the telegraph people didn t realize they were in the commu nications business And TIl tell you why I don t know what business I m in and why the telegraph people 56 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 couldn t possibly have known to in vest in telephones Because the tele graph was the first instance of the communications industry Does this apply to trains The distinguishing feature about trains was that they used steam engines and as it happens the steam engine was implemented in ships almost the same time it was implemented in railroads So the railroads and simul taneously ships may have been the first real instance of the mechanized transportation industry So how would they know to invest in air planes
75. just the user number from 0 to 15 One interesting peculiarity about CP M BDOS lets you select user numbers between 0 and 31 The CCP only understands users between 0 and 15 and there are only 4 bits available in address 4 to store the user number Doing Something The drive user number is used by the CCP to restore the default drive and user number after a warm boot The CCP CP M s command reader and doer checks byte 4 for drive and user number and then calls BDOS s SELECT DISK 0EH and SET USER CODE 20H so that the drive and user selection match those set in address 4 Twiddling The Drive Etc Changing the default disk drive is pretty easy in Turbo Note the error checking to trap invalid drives Though their pelts are no longer worth much l 3746 29th Street San Diego CA 92104 var DriveCode Byte Drive Char begin repeat Write Enter letter of drive to be selected Readln Drive Drive UpCase Drive if not Drive in At P then Writeln G until Drive in A P DriveCode Byte Drive 41 Bdos 0E DriveCode Drive Char Bdos 19 41 Writeln Current drive Drive end Next you might change user areas Again this is done in Turbo with a BDOS procedure using the BDOS GET SET USER CODE function 20H This is a two way function If an FFH is placed in the E register then the A register will return the current user area If a valid user area numb
76. looks and acts like SIDEKICK and don t want to spend money for it try DESKMATE Hank told me an interesting bit of news which I will pass along to the next bum I meet on the Bowery seems as if one of the freeware people is now asking for a contribution of 150 Hank was also busy testing another program which looks like a natural for the kids PC BLUE 133 has Origami the Japanese Art of Paper Folding You need color graphics to run it in BASIC but it looks like a lot of fun Next issue we are going to cover some of the more exotic programs in public domain How To Order Volumes SIG M volumes are available on 8 SSSD disks for 6 each 9 foreign directly from SIG M Box 97 Iselin NJ 08830 Printed catalogs are 3 each 4 foreign Disks in a variety of formats may be obtained through the worldwide SIG M distribution net work The distributor list is included with the printed catalog A disk version of the catalog Volume 00 is available for 6 PC BLUE Volumes are 7 each 10 foreign The printed catalog is 5 Both are available from the New York Amateur Computer Club Box 100 Church Street Station New York NY 10008 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 17 CP M 80 C Programmers Save time with the BDS C Compiler Compile link and execute faster than you ever thought possible If you re a C language programmer whose patience is wearing thin wh
77. of 5 volts Custom case available 90 day warranty unmodified Keyboard 35 Documentation 21 pgs cable package 5 Spare custom CPU ROM 4 UPS included Call SASE for detailed spec sheet Electrovalue Industrial Inc Box 376 MC Morris Plains NJ 07950 201 267 1117 Disk Drive Sales amp Service Shugart SA 800 2 79 SA 850 129 SA 851R 139 MPI 52S 5 1 4 DS DD 70 TEC FB501 5 1 4 SS DD 59 Case w pwr sup for 2 5 1 4 1 2 ht 59 Disk Drive Service SA 800 801 25 SA 850 851 35 5 1 4 SS 25 DS 35 8 SS 40 DS 50 All drives and service guaranteed for 60 days Prices do not include parts or shipping LDL ELECTRONICS 13392 158 St N Jupiter Fl 33458 305 747 7384 For Sale 90W switching power supply new 50 WD 1002 05 HD controller 135 Televideo 950 terminal new 495 CP M Planner Calc 20 Master Planner 80 Many other items printers CRTs chips CP M software Send SASE for list Cogent Systems Box 1870B Garden Grove CA 92642 714 539 7330 TURBO CHEQUES A complete Family CheckBook Management Program Written in Turbo Pascal Avail able now for the Kaypro 2 4 and 10 49 95 plus 3 25 CA sales tax includes a 130 page Users Manual A Demo Disk is available for only 15 Send your order to CompuTech P O Box 7000 309 Redondo Beach CA 90277 FAST A AH Blrlafetelslelate nalno MLlelo FLEXIBLE R SMALL PO Box 1869 Buellton CA 93427 Z80 is a regist
78. parallel port of your system Send Check Or Money Order To SUPERIOR ELECTRONICS 2715 RIO GRANDE PASS MESQUITE TX 75150 214 686 7833 ONLY 89 95 27 i a i 7 component Supply INC VVU UVV 1771 Junction Ave San Jose CA 95112 408 295 7171 Shipping charged on all orders Minimum order 15 00 Please call on all orders as items are limited to quantities on hand Prices subject to change without notice C O D Prepaid or Master Card or Visa orders only NO OPEN ACCOUNTS NO FOREIGN ORDERS PLEASE SHUGART SA604 HARD DRIVES 95 00 At last here is a chance to purchase a hard disk for your system at an affordable price We recently participated in a buyout of Shugart s finished goods inventory of these drives Brand new in the original factory packing and guaranteed by us for 90 days These 5 megabyte drives are considered by some to be the most reliable in the industry These units directly replace a ST506 or similar drive When installing your system s first hard drive a hard disk controller card and appropriate software are re quired For an IBM PC with a 50 or GOW power supply you will need a 19W pin it SEE BELOW Performance Specifications Formatted 33 sectors track Per Drive yt Per Surface 1 35 Mbytes 8 45 kbytes Per Track Per Sector 256 bytes Transfer Rate 5 0 Mbits sec Access Time Track to Track Average Maximum Average Latency 8 33 Start Up Time Tvp 12 sec POWER SUPPLIES ACD
79. primitives with two little procedures Box and Cls which use our primitives we can create and move a snake about the Begin ClrSer Box miny minx maxy maxx For i 0 to length_of_snake Do Begin 1567 Tibbits Ave Troy NY 12180 518 274 5671 screen See Figure 1 Box draws a border it assumes that the second point passed to it y2 x2 represents the lower right corner of the box If y2 is less than yl or x2 is less than x1 it ll draw a dot instead of a box Also if x2 is greater than x1 but y2 is not greater than yl it ll draw a horizontal line If y2 is greater than yl but x2 is not greater than x1 it ll draw a vertical line So one procedure does one of three things depending on the parameters it receives Directions are generated randomly until either y or x isn t equal to zero In Turbo the random number genera tor returns a non negative integer less Clear the screen This draws the screen border Initialize snake snakey i maxy miny div 2 snakex i maxx minx div 2 End head length_of_snake tail head 1 Mod length_of_snake count 0 Repeat dy Random 3 13 dx Random 3 lt 1 Until dy lt gt 0 or dx lt gt 0 Repeat Draw snake On snakey head snakex head Off snakey tail snakex tail Update pointers tail tail 1 Mod length_of_snake i head 1 Mod length_of_snake Move snake Wh
80. problem This pro gram allows files to be run or transferred back and forth bet ween close to one hundred different computer formats including 96 TPI 5 1 4 and 8 diskettes Lists computers by name with no special technical knowledge required Transfers between CP M MS DOS PC DOS and TRS DOS formats Versions available from stock for Kaypro Xerox 820 II and Xerox 820 1 with XPRO rom set others available UNIO 2 osc ote ee ee ei yeh 86 bile ee wane hd 64 95 QP M by MICROCode Consulting At last an inexpensive replacement for CP M with full CP M compatibility and many enhancements Includes 5 new system calls and 9 new transient commands including time date stamp ing of files backup utility and menu driven configure program Runs on Z80 systems in the same space as CP M 2 2 Available as bootable disk does not require CP M for the Xerox 820 1 820 ll or the Xerox 820 1 with XPRO rom set QP M with BIOS for PLUS2 or XPRO rom 64 95 QP M with BIOS for Xerox 820 l or 820 Il 80 00 QP M without BIOS not bootable 60 00 SEMIDISK 2 MBYTE DISK EMULATOR by SemiDisk Systems Tired of waiting The SemiDisk ram based disk emulator board is the single most significant speed improvement that you can make to your system And it s BIG enough to get both your pro gram AND your working files on the SemiDisk at the same time no waiting for one or the other to be accessed from a
81. programs and a comprehensive manual Ordering MTBASIC is available for CP M MS DOS and PC DOS systems for 49 95 MTBASIC with 8087 support is available for MS DOS for 79 95 Shipping is 3 50 10 00 overseas MD residents add 5 sales tax MC Visa checks and COD accepted SOFIAID Inc P O Box 2412 Columbia MD 21045 1412 301 792 8096 T1 FREI CATALOG KayPro Disk K1 Modem software KayPro Disk K2 Utilities Kayt ro Disk K3 ames KayPro Disk K4 Adventure KayPro Disk K5 MX 80 Graphics KayPro Disk K6 Word Processing Utilities KayPro Disk K7 mall C Version 2 Compiler KayPro Disk K8 mall C Version 2 Source KayPro Disk K9 ZCPR KayPro Disk K10 Assemblers KayPro Disk K11 Library amp Checkbook Programs KayPro Disk K12 F ORTH KayPro Disk K13 ource of fig FORTH KayPro Disk K14 martmodem Program KayPro Disk K15 Hard Disk Utilities KayPro Disk K16 Pascal Compiler KayPro Disk K17 80 Tools KayPro Disk K18 ystem Diagnosis KayPro Disk K19 Prowriter Graphics Kaypro Disk K20 olor Graphics Routines KayPro Disk K213 BASIC Routines amp Screen Dump KayPro Disk K22 CPR Again KayPro Disk K23 ast Terminal Software amp New BYE KayPro Disk K24 MBASIC Games amp Keyboard Translator KayPro Disk K25 280 Macro Assembler KayPro Disk K26 PROM Programmer amp Character Editor KayPro Disk K27 yping Tutor KayPro Disk K28 Modem 730 KayPro Disk K29 urbo Pascal Games 1 With Source KayPro Disk K30
82. quality multiple fonts etc Multiple modes and combinations of modes can be used on the same line or even in the same word FMT works with your favorite editor FMT uses meaningful mneumonic commands in the style of SCRIPT or ROFF each command appears on its own input line including commands for the various printing modes No embedded control codes you don t have to remember those strange escape control sequences FMT runs at the maximum speed your printer allows for each printing mode graphics mode is not required Standard formatting features provided including headers and footers automatic page numbering text justification tabs for table generation and embedded files up to TEN deep FMT automatically builds Table of Con tents List of Figures and three level alphabetized Index Detailed 100 page manual profuse ly illustrated with examples Works equally well with IBM PC TI PC IBM clones and look alikes PC DOS MS DOS 128k Also works with CP M 8080 and Z80 systems with 64k 49 95 plus 2 00 shipping and handling Specify system VISA and Master Card Accepted Dealer Inquiries Welcome TINY TEK INC Route 1 Box 795 Quinlan Texas 75474 214 447 3025 CLEANING UP YOUR SCREEN continued from page 45 aren t marked you probably shouldn t twiddle It s safest to have the system off while adjusting things but it s a lot slower because you can t immediately
83. ram to ram copy contiguous deselect hit a key scratch reli j ord L for j sFOLD HIDDEN to RAM_COLUMNS do scratch rcli j ord R end write M X NEW INFO READY read kbd ch bank_copy screen scratch repeat gt hit key to copy to screen write M Fast huh Hit any key to restore old screen read kbd ch bank_copy screen temp write M X lt A gt ny key for more or lt Q gt uit read kbd ch ch upease ch If ch lt gt Q then bank_copy screen scratch until ch Q Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 31 SLICER Growing to meet your needs ee i REAL 16 BIT POWER ON A SINGLE BOARD Featuring the Intel 80186 C Step CPU Complete 8 MHz 16 bit microprocessor on 6x12 board 256K RAM plus up to 64K EPROM SASI port for hard disk controller Two full function RS232C serial ports with individually programmed transmission rates 50 to 38 4K baud Software compatibility with the 8086 and 8088 8K of EPROM contains drivers for peripherals commands for hardware checkout and software testing Software supports most types and sizes of disk drives Source for monitor included on disk Bios supports Xebec 1410 and Western Digital WD 1002 SHD controller for hard disks Fully assembled and tested only The Slicer PC Expansion Board GIVES YOUR SLICER HIGH PERFORMANCE VIDEO CAPABILITY IBM
84. really educational software I m not talking about the typing trainers fjfjfjfjfjfjfj or the drillers What s 2 2 Good Ronny 57 is very close I wonder about any kid who is dull enough to stick with that kind of stuff more than 5 minutes The best thing that computers can do is interact with users You interact with the system when you write a program You interact with the sys tem when you play an adventure game You interact with the system when you create your own graphics or write an article So what we need for kids are tools they can use spreadsheets for lemonade stands simple text editors for homework papers and simple languages like Logo Why doesn t someone create an adventure game that is fun just pure fun A 7 year old wouldn t spend hours upon hours trying to solve a puzzle just so he can open the door to the safe A lot of adults wouldn t either Even the simplest Infocom games are way above these users What if it were easy to open the door but something strange happened as it opened What if that something were unpredictable Exciting What if it were really easy for the user to create his own adventure Or expand his current adventure What would the child or adult learn then They d learn that comput ers are magic slates for the mind And that wouldn t be such a bad thing It might be cunning and sneaky but it wouldn t be bad Cheap Drive Supplies If
85. s installation toolset and internal workings If you want to get the low down on ZCPR3 ZCPR3 The Manual is essential It s not light reading however Costs 19 95 from New York Zoetrope 80 East 11th St New York NY 10003 If you re interested in this alterna tive operating system check out Rich ard s article Inside ZCPR3 in this issue It s not light reading either Pascal Runoff We ve already received 50 entries in the Pascal Runoff and mailed as many T shirts If no one you know has one be the first it s a really neat graphic of Pascal and Bug two old favorites We re about to start judging so get those dynamite programs to us Dead line s November 1 Public Domain MS DOS We ve got something new and al most entirely different at Micro C this week a public domain MS DOS library for all PC compatibles For a rundown of the gathering of our first disks see MS DOS In The Public Domain this issue Our MS DOS disks are 12 about 300K each and contain everything from essential utilities like SWEEP and NULU to games and bulletin boards As usual we re carefully screening programs and including as much source code as possible Also we re gathering programs for the Kaypro 2000 and our first 2000 disks will be ready by December For an indepth study of the 2000 see Dave s Kaypro Column youl developed Multiple Commands per line more eas
86. sersyou FREE Free to create computer environments right for you free to automate repetitive tasks free to increase your productivity Z System the high performance 8 bit operating system that flies Optimized assembly language code full software development system with linkable libraries of often needed subroutines relocating ROM and RAM macro assembler linker librarian cross reference table generator debuggers translators disassembler ready to free you J New generation communications package provides levels of flexibility func TERM Ill tionality performance not available until now Replaces BYE and XMODEM master server local area network capability public or private bulletin board and electronic message handling are integral features auto dial answer menu install XMODEM CRC Checksum MODEM7 Batch Kermit CIS and XON XOFF protocols 00 page Manlal seiden viewed enana e nae Kees Bou sande e ada ee Deus 99 00 Rolls Royce of message handling systems mates with TERM III or BYE for Z MSG most advanced overall electronic mail file transfer capabilities menu installed extreme configurability many levels of access and security word phrase editor field search complete message manipulation and database MAINLCHANCE vasa oasis teed Puce a Meee Dee ee Cae easewnn me OE eha veneers 99 95 Elegant menu and command line driven file and disk catalog manager DISCAT Generates
87. shipping and handling Kansas residents add 3 sales tax All orders returned or refused are subject to a 10 restocking fee Prices subject to M change without notice most other PC manufacturers are initiating cutbacks and layoffs due to slumping sales Their increasing advertising dollar brings less amp less results At the same time sales for the ZORBA portable computer the computer that is only advertised in a few choice periodicals and relies heavily on satisfied user testimonials are showing a steady increase it s no secret the public is learning what industrial users have known for years That is that for dally operation of word processors spreadsheets and databases the trendy options are rarely used and the flashy machines that house them are really no faster no more reliable and much more expensive THE PUBLICS LEARNING WHY THE ZORBA IS STILL AND ALWAYS HAS BEEN THE EXPERTS CHOICE ZORBA FEATURES e 9 GREEN OR AMBER CRT e 19 INDEPENDENT 55 PROGRAM ABLE FUNCTION KEYS e TWO 400K DSDD DRIVES 64K BYTES 150 NS RAM C BASIC COMPILER e EEE 488 BUS MASTER PORT e 24 6 LBS e CPM 2 2 OPERATING SYSTEM e M80 L80 LIB80 CREF80 e SOURCE CODE OF THE BIOS PLUS UTILITIES DATA COMMUNICATIONS SETUP PACKAGE e SERIAL amp PARALLEL PRINTER PORT e DATA COMMUNICATION PORT 849 00 W O Bundle General Specifications ZORBA is the lowest cost full featured portable computer This light weight com
88. struc tured the same way A program is divided into the program heading part and the pro gram part The program part is fur ther divided into the declaration part and the statement part The declara tion part is made up of LABEL CONSTANT TYPE VAR and PRO CEDURE FUNCTION declarations normally in that order All of these are optional Figure 1 is a valid though incomplete program to illustrate this structure and many of the points TIl make here The declarations that reside be tween the program heading and the first procedure are the GLOBAL dec larations They will be visible to the entire program Note that all declarations will be known or visible to every subsequent routine at the same or deeper nesting level Conversely nested declarations override those at higher levels and will not be visible outside the current block In Figure 1 the variable X declared within BATTLE overrides the global declaration for X Refer ences to X within BATTLE will be to the local variable not the global This will also be true for procedure func tion declarations Function DICE__ROLL is nested within BAT TLE and cannot be directly called by any routine outside it Standard Identifiers The standard identifiers known to the compiler are declared one level above the program and can be re defined within the program For exam ple if your application uses only integers in the range 0 255 the following declaration will repla
89. suggest you check out the Under standing Series from Texas Instru ments available at Radio Shack for 3 95 volume And of course I recom mend you stay tuned to Micro Cornu copia where even the short circuits are logical FUNCTION TABLE HEHIGH LeLOW 104 MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 PC WEEK S PRODUCT OF THE YEAR lt PC MAGAZINE S AWARD FOR TECHNICAL EXCELLENCE Borland Introduces the Laws of TURBO DYNAMICS Laws That Work Like Magic Whether pea ee E fs ee isa Sea ie Turbo Dynamics Applies to Turho Pascal technological excellence or innovation in ae js ST I AW Borland s Pascal family of products is growing _ areas such as pricing NTS Se by leaps and bounds yi Di ga tee Saj gare i not copy protection 2N ND LAW SPEED POWER SRD LAW You can now join licensing agreements NOT cOPY PROTECTED a aces 7 lt hundreds of thou site licenses 60 day SOFTWARE AND a ee a ea i sonay MONEY BACK r sands of users i REASONABLE LICENSING _ 0 be fast powerful and to GUARANTEE i money back guarantee AGREEMENTS P deliver an incredible price per This third law is actially a itid enter the Borland is clearly We will always offs not ob ea first in the inc We are so PE world of Turbo recognized asthe oy alates versions of our at rock bottom prices f ste at all n i Pascal program software indu
90. the CP M auto load 2 SWEEP directory file transer routine 3 A Lets BB I recognize a double sided drive as one drive with 494K of usable space 4 FIX super disk utility does everything much easier to use than DU77 5 Compare files routine 6 UNERA retrieve erased files 7 FIND check all drives on system for a file 8 MENU menu program for CP M 9 NEWCAT enhanced disk catalog program 10 Single drive copy program that does track by track copies rather than file by file USERS DISK 11 Printer Utilities 1 Microline 92 printer routine 2 Graphics display package for MX 80 with Graftrax very fancy 3 Epson MX80 setup for BB 1 with 59 5K CP M 4 Epson MX8 setup for any CP M lets you set print modes 5 Micro Tek print driver Ports A amp B USERS DISK 12 Games for BB I 1 ALIENS a fast exciting arcade game 2 ZCHESS chess with a 1 6 level look ahead 3 MASTERMIND match wits with the computer 4 BIO Biorhythm charts complete with graphics on the BBI 5 LIFE so fast it s real animation 6 CRAPS see how much you d lose in Vegas 7 WUMPUS a caver s delight kill the Wumpus or be killed 8 PRESSUP similar to Othello 9 Games 7 games in one program includes blackjack maze and animal USERS DISK 13 General Utilities BB 1 1 ZZSOURCE disassembles to real Zilog mnemonics 2 EX14 superset of submit or supersub 3 MOVPATCH lets you use MOVECPM on other copies of CP M 4 XMON 3K expanded BB I monitor use in ROM or as ove
91. the metal below the screen hinges I had to lift the module up until the front edge cleared the rear of the disk drive before I could finally lift the rear free 9 Once this plastic cover is out of the way you ll see two connectors in the left rear corner of the system Unplug both of them One is to the RS 232 interface the other is the power cable from the batteries Note how they were connected They can t go on backwards but you might notice how they re done anyway Now the system is off 10 Unplug the drive by removing the white cable from its socket the cable itself plugs straight down into the connector on the main board Just pull straight up 11 Now remove the other five tiny Phillips screws that you can see facing upward in the area where the key board used to reside 12 Once the screws have been removed jocky this metal panel and the drive loose and lift them out of the way Note from here on you can zap the 2000 into oblivion without knowing anything happened Use super caution with what you touch and do not proceed if you don t have a non static area and a wrist strap 18 Remove the black plastic sheet 42 which covers the bottom of the board 14 Remove the insulated spacers small rings from the metal posts Put them into your screw box 15 Tip up the unit and_you ll notice underneath near the back feet a rubber strip that goes about half way across Start at o
92. the rubber cover and remove the exposed 1 Phillips screws there are 12 of them Remove the cover and handle to gain access to the area You may have to open the system lid to remove the battery Also inside the battery compart ment is a 9 amp FSE type fuse It is an unusual enough type that you might want to get a couple to have on hand Chances are slight that you would need one but if the system dies completely and even the reset probe doesn t work you might have a blown fuse Connect up the charger and see if the charger light glows If it doesn t then the fuse is probably bad Data Transfers The way you get data or software into and out of the 2000 is via the single serial port They send Mite with the system and Mite is OK except that a couple of bugs cost me a day and a half of frustration Mite Bug 1 Mite lets you set the system for either 7 or 8 bits per character Mite comes set for 7 the standard for transferring data is 8 8 bits char one stop bit no parity After setting up the parameters and saving them in a file I started transferring files Always the first one worked any additional files failed It turns out that after Mite sends a file it sets itself back to 7 bits per character It doesn t change anything else just the bits per character Mite Bug 2 If you re sending files to Mite in Modem7 B mode any file that has a in its name B W TXT will cause Mite
93. to dump you back into MS DOS and announce that the disk is full the disk had over 400K of free space I had fun figuring out this one Serial Transfers Kaypro will sell you a cable that directly connects the 2000 to one of their 16s The cable is expensive but you can build your own See Figure 1 for the diagram of Kaypro s cable l 2 3 4 5 6 A 7 8 Chances are if you hooked up pins 2 3 and 7 on the 2000 connector to pins 4 2 and 5 on the K16 connector it would work fine I hooked the 2000 and the 16 together and transferred data at 9600 baud The 2000 had no trouble dis playing data as moved across The 16 however couldn t keep up It dis played the first few lines and then bits and pieces of the rest The 2000 didn t miss a character If you think that I m not impressed with the 16 you re right Talking To A K2 The 2000 can talk to a Z80 Lunch box Kaypro if you have Mite for the 2000 and Mite or any of the Modem7 programs disk K28 running on the lunchbox The cable is very simple just 3 wires a male RS 232 db 25 connector and a female RS 232 db 25 connector Just connect pin 7 on the male to pin 7 on the female Then connect pin 2 on the male to pin 3 on the female and pin 3 on the male to pin 2 on the female That s it See Figure 2 Just 3 wires for 9600 baud with four or five wires who knows how fast you could go Setups In Mite It s ea
94. utilities are also a must WASH DISK SWEEP NSWEEP and VFILER all allow you to go through the files on your disk view them copy them delete them rename them etc Some of the newer versions of NSWEEP allow you to squeeze and unsqueeze A lot depends on your own tastes and the amount of disk space you can spare I prefer VFILER simply because it allows me to view a screenful of files and move the cursor to make selections The PC DOS version even lets me change directories However a screen orient ed file manipulator requires terminal customization You may want to try one of the other manipulators if a custom version is not available VFILER for the PC is on PC BLUE 121 PC SWEEP is on 105 The origi nal Rich Conn CP M 80 version of VFILER is on SIG M 145 Harry Van Tassell s CP M 86 translation is on 146 A version for the NEC APC is on 207 DISK 7 WASH SWEEP and NSWEEP are found respectively on Volumes 170 86 110 and 152 FINDBAD And DU For Your Disks Another utility which should be in your library is FINDBAD It checks disks for bad sectors and locks them out Some people prefer to use it every time they format a disk Others such as yours truly run it only if they have a problem with a disk The CP M 86 version is on Volume 146 the CP M 80 version is on Volume 86 and the MS DOS version called SCAVENGE is on SIG M 177 Another must utility is DU With it you can read write repair etc f
95. 0 stack 0 startx stack 1 lt starty while top lt gt bot Do Begin x sstack bot y sstack Suce bot bot bot 2 And maxsp If x gt minx Then If Not Pix y Pred x Then Begin stack top Pred x stack Succ top y On y Pred x top top 2 And maxsp End If x lt maxx Then If Not Pix y Suee x Then Begin stack top Suce x stack Suce top y On y Suce x top top 2 And maxsp End If y gt miny Then If Not Pix Pred y x Then Begin stack top x stack Suce top Pred y On Pred y x top top 2 And maxsp End If y lt maxy Then If Not Pix Suce y x Then Begin stack top x stack Suce top Suee y Initialize the stack On Suce y x top top 2 And maxsp End End End Figure 6 Four Turbo Graphic Procedures Var screen Array 0 49 minx maxx of Byte Procedure On y x Integer Begin If y in miny maxy and x in minx maxx Then Begin sereen y div 2 x screen y div 2 x Or Suce y Mod 2 Write Chr 27 Chr 32 y Chr 32 x End End Procedure Off y x Integer Begin If y in miny maxy and x in minx maxx Then Begin sereenlLy div 2 x sscreen y div 2 x And Not Suce y Mod 2 Write Chr 27 Chr 32 y Chr 32 x End End Function Pix y x Integer Boolean Begin If sereenLy div 2 x And Suce y Mod 2 gt 0 Then Pix True Else Pix False End Procedure Cls Begin FillChar screen 8000 0 End
96. 0 X 200 _ BIOS source code available LATI Just take off your main KAYPRO board and put pixles coldr graphic 128K byte video RAM character Completely faster than other Z80SBC LATI K into your cabinet 9 g setis dowloaded from disk _ MSC PCX All advantage of LAT1 is yours now Timer battery back up calendar ile sa by 8088 expansion card for LAT1 soon available By WORLD SMALLES T COMPUTER fi is o Full personal CP M 1 system in palm 4mhz Z80256K O S CP M plus bank version RAM 128K RAM DISK BIOS source code available k MSC MTC Serial RS232CX 2 automatic baud rate checking e Completely faster than joer Z805BC gt oe Pararell cen tronics type printer port ne BEA 3 e Floppy 3 5 inch micro 4loppy disk drive 800K byte a amp option 5 3 5 inch drive d s sided d s track automatic gt Full assembled pcb of MTC density checking 8 we D i Le _ Under 189 in OEM quantity Full featured CPM plus system 280 4mhz 128K Byte RAM F Floppy 3 5 5 and BIOS source code available 8 inch d s density d s sided and os track upto 4 disk DRI CP M plus manual 50 drives Automatic density format check New word word processor program for Serial RS2B2G X2 we MSC ICO ADD 50 e Pararell Centronics type i 6 bits I O 7 8 bit Completely faster than other Z80SBC k yboard port MSC HCS sg 02 Fi Timer battery back up calendar Expansion card for ICO Videov80 X 24
97. 00 75 00 250 00 HOW TO ORDER Call or Write Colonial Data Orders paid with bank card or cashiers check are shipped within 3 working days Allow 3 weeks for Personal Checks Shipping Add 5 00 for UPS Shipping Brown Within the United States ASSEMBLED amp TESTED NOT A KIT Standard Features Include E 4MHz Z80A Processor E 64K Memory Expands to 128K E Supports 8 and 5 drives simultaneously E Auto Density Selection single double quad E 2 Serial Ports 1 Centronics Parallel Port SIZE 12 x 13 POWER 12V 12V 5V WARRANTY 90 days Parts and Labor E Z80A PIO PARALLEL PRINTER INTERFACE Centronics compatible printer interface is Standard E SASI HARD DISK INTERFACE CIRCUITRY ON BOARD SASI interface provides access to hard disk Compatible with XEBEC and other controllers Just populate with TTL and add connector E 4 CHANNEL COUNTER TIMER STANDARD Allows custom software applications User accessible 125Hz interrupt Provides system date time clock 4th Channel used for the NEC 765 interrupt E CP M 2 2 BIOS ENHANCEMENTS Allows flexible device assignments baud rate selection auto matic density detection a system date and time clock and hard disk support OPTIONAL CP M 3 0 CP M PLUS Extensive disk buffering speeds system throughout Z80 ZILOG CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH Calif T Colonial Data Services Corp 80 Pickett District Road New Milford Conn 06776 Teleph
98. 0E000H and it disables the DJ2Ds vectored interrupt output which I don t use either so use it with some caution if you are not a software wizard More Goodies Next time a simple circuit for adding a 32 character type ahead to a serial I O port more IEEE 696 and some reader feedback FREE SOFTWARE FROM THE PUBLIC DOMAIN User Group Software isn t copyrighted so no fees to pay 1000 s of CP M and IBM software programs in COM and source code to copy your self Games business utilities All FREE Rent Buy 800 375 625 CP M UG 1 92 Disksides 250 PICO NET 1 34 Disksides 100 KAYPRO UG 1 39 Disksides 90 EPSON UG 1 39 Disksides 90 Commodore CBM 1 28 Disksides 25 65 Public Domain User Group Catalog Disk 5 pp payment in advance please Rental is for 7 days after receipt 3 days grace to return Use credit card no disk deposit Shipping handling amp insurance 9 50 per library 619 941 0925 Orders amp Technical 9 to 5 619 727 1015 24 Hr 3 Min Info Recording Have your credit card ready National Public Domain Software 1533 Avohill Dr Vista CA 92083 am Ex BBB _ Edit to Run 3 Secs The P amp T 488 interface package can control 15 IEEE 488 devices works with 8 operating systems works with Pascal Fortran Basic C or assembler includes sample programs and GPIB monitor Call or write EN Mouf PICKLES amp TROUT PO Box 1206 Goleta
99. 4 Procedure Circle Procedure Circle cy cx y1 x1 Integer Var r Real y x Integer Begin r Sqr cy y1 Sqr cex x1 x 203 y Round Sqrt r Repeat On cy y cx x On cy y cx x On cy y cx x On cy y cx x On cy x ex y On cy x cx y On cy x cx y On cy x cx y x2 x 1 If Abs Sqr x Sqr y r gt Abs Sqr x Sqr y 1 r Then y y 1 Until y lt x End But there s a problem it s easier to find a byte of memory than a particular bit So we ll use part of a byte to store the status of two points One byte can hold the status of up to Try substituting these primitives into the sample programs They gener ally run a little slower but it s not always noticeable and you ll save a lot of memory 8 points Figure 6 has the new primitives KAYPRO PRODUCTS 2X 4 84 and Universalis O APPT personal calendar management Oo SEETIME continuous time date display o TD disk file time date stamping o LOG computer usage logging All these plus 6 others for only 74 95 Older Kaypros Speedup w real time clock includes above software except LOG 129 95 add 4 00 for shipping amp handling 206 772 0291 12448 83rd Avenue S Seattle WA 98178 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Figure 5 Procedure Fill Procedure Fill starty startx Integer Const maxsp 511 Var top bot x y Integer stack Array 0 maxsp Of Integer Begin top 2 bot
100. 4 computer 1541 disk drives 1525 printer 16 computer 1701 Zenith ZVM 121 ZVM 122A 123A monitor Plus 4 computer 19 each 2ZVM 131 ZVM 135 monitors 19 each Complete schematics Detailed explana PAN LURERRLRERLRRRLRRRRRRRRRERERRRRRREED DUAL 8 SS DRIVE SYSTEM ost SINGLE 8 SS DISK DRIVE roucr NEC AUTHENTIC LQ15 DAISY WHEEL PRINTER 19 9 TANDON ST603S HARD DISK 245 CASE WPOWER amp FAN 99 95 SINGLE 4 HT Case amp Power 44 95 DUAL 2 HT Case amp Power 55 95 54 DISK DRIVE CASES W POWER SUPPLIES Cases accommodate all standard 5 drives Over current and over voitage Protection e Dealer inquiries invited Call or write for quantity discounts e Guaranteed in writing for 120 days e Horizontal 12x12x3 e Vertical 7x12x6 Single Horiz PIS 6x12x3 e 2 Drive Cable A A A A A A p A r A A t as New chip resistant finish A an A A 4 A A g A A Z M e 4 Drive Cable SPECIAL computerracts tor complete systems e Dual Case Horiz or Vert wio PIS 29 95 For example IBM PC set includes keyboard system board power supply disk drives and disk printer color and monochrome adapters Systems COMPUTERFACTS for Apple llic Epson QX 10 IBM PC IBM PCjr Osborne OCC1 0CC1A Radio Shack TRS 80 Model TRS 80 Model lil Zenith Z150 Only 39 each Single Case Horiz wio PIS
101. 5041 O Fallon MO 63366 3 You can look at the disk directo 1 4 95 TRES ry delete files rename files and more 80186 based Little Board MSC LAT1 igus Ampro Southern Pacific from within the editor P O Box 390427 P O Box 4427 Both versions let you configure Mountain View CA 94039 Berkeley CA 94704 0427 their commands so you don t have to Deis Express e se efinicon Systems Inc go through a major retraining to use 31042 vintage St 17733 205th Ave NE Express Version 2 is 35 Chatsworth CA 91311 Woodinville WA 98072 e 818 341 5654 For information on the products EEn What you need is an address phone list that dials your choice of numbers an appointment file that can be checked at any time a printing calculator with four functions and memory a clipboard that can grab text from the screen print it even insert it into a text file a notepad to write print and save practically anything a reference file for online help with hard to remember commands ASCII codes just about any information you need to have at hand standard disk amp file commands that are always available to have these features just a keystroke away even if you are in the middle of word processing programming or using some other program In other words what you need is Extra Desk Extra Desk is available for Kaypro 1 2 84 2X 4 84 10 4X 10 84 and Robie for 49 95 plus 6 sales tax in CA Terms check or money order
102. 6 October November 1985 just hanging on your every word I have found it very rewarding and exciting to share in the adventure of learning with my students And what better way to keep yourself up on things than by researching teaching and getting paid for it I teach 9 months and get the summer off Every month I get a check for one twelfth of my total pay The first time I teach a course I have to spend about four hours preparing for each hour of class but after that it s much less demanding I bought a Macintosh just to prepare the illustra tions quizzes and exams for class Love them graphics So while teaching may not pay as Increase Your Options For Only 36 devices to computers from introductory to advanced articles on computer interfaces including ST 506 412 RS 232c RS 170 Centronics parallel IEEE 488 GPIB SCSI SASI IPI Bell 103 212A CCITT V 22 bis theory common to all inter faces specific interfaces ciples and capabilities prin pros and cons of one inter face over another interface news market reports status reviews of interface products books trade publications papers interface standards evaluations of new interface hardware and software subscriptions A Computer Systems Notebook From theory to part numbers a new monthly newsletter for everyone interested in mastering computer interfaces or in adding additional I O and co
103. ALLEL OUTPUT WITH CASE AND COMPLETE DOCUMENTATION 40 00 SA800 2 DISK DRIVE CLEAN USED 65 00 SA850 DISK DRIVE CLEAN USED 119 00 STANDARD MOUNTING GUARANTEED 60 DAYS CABINET FOR ABOVE HOLDS TWO DRIVES POWER WIRING COMPLETED AC AND DC FAN AND INPUT AC WIRING DONE 20 X 9 1 2 X 17 DEEP 60 00 POWER SUPPLY FOR TWO DRIVES SWITCHING WILL POWER DRIVES AND SBC 6 X 8 X 2 1 2 5VDC 8 AMPS 12VDC 12VDC 5VDC 5 AMPS EA AND 24VDC 2 AMPS 60 00 CABINET AND POWER SUPPLY TOGETHER 100 00 SHUGART DISK DRIVE PARTS SA800 HEAD 15 00 SA800 STEPPER 10 00 SA800 2 LOGIC BRD NON WORKING 10 00 SA800 2 LOGIC BRD WORKING 35 00 SA850 HEAD AND STEPPER ASSY BI OR TRI 50 00 SA850 LOGIC BRD NON WORKING BI OR TRI 30 00 SA800 OR SA850 SPINDLE BEARINGS SET 3 00 SA800 OR SA850 INDEX LED SET 3 00 OTHER PARTS ON REQUEST SA800 ALIGNMENT AND CLEANING 20 00 SA850 ALIGNMENT AND CLEANING 30 00 Z80A PARTS CPU CIC SIO 1 1771 2716 2 00 6845 CRT CONTROLLER 2 00 DIABLO PRINT WHEELS FITS 630 AND HYTYPE COURIER 10 ELITE 12 COURIER 72 3 00 6 FOR 15 00 CASCADE ELECTRONICS ROUTE 1 BOX 8 RANDOLPH MN 55065 507 645 7997 FREE SHIPPING ON OVER 40 00 CREDIT CARD ADD 5 LIMITED TO STOCK ON HAND EVENING CALL OK MN ADD 6 PASCAL PROCEDURES continued from page 75 Utilities Sub menu System information ends about YOUR system BDOS calls lists function and parameters needed for CP M 2 2 3
104. BC 25 99 75 36 PIN CENTRONICS PARALLEL m All 36 pins switched Female centronics connectors with gold plated contacts AB 36 95 00 ABC 36 135 00 PRINTER 28 4 0A max startin ayaa zi 0 9 COMPUTER COMPUTEA COMPUTER COMPUTEA Functional Specifications 160 640 4 2 1 DC Voltage Requirements 12Vdc 5 1 8 A typical ng for 6 sec typical Ask about quantity pricing MISC ITEMS MOTORS TRW 403A117 3 24 V 5600 RPM Canon EN35 T101Z1A 12VDC 3400 RPM 12 g cm 110 ma STEPPER MOTORS Head positioning motors for Shugart 8 Drives AC ADAPTORS Viewsinics VSADP 20 9 VAC 150 ma Basler Electric BE24V20 24V 20VA 6VDC 750 ma LCD DISPLAYS Toshiba LT 8026 35 16 Line X 46 Column 7 50 DOCUMENT CARRIERS 2 pocket leatherette 8 2 x11 SPEAKERS Matsushita EAS4P15SA 8a 1 5 8 15 10 00 TERMINALS Wyse 100 195 00 MONITORS Osborne 5 Green Screen 27 50 CAPACITORS 1 uf monolythic caps 100 8 00 1 000 60 00 4 SOLAR CELLS 1 5 Amp minimum at 45V Closed Circuit GAVILAN PARTS 32K RAM Capsules 64K RAM Capsules no plastic Thermal Paper Call for availability of 3 2 and 5 TRACK BALLS Accuball for Atari 2600 400 800 1200 and compatible computers or games 7 50 1 00 7 50 2 00 2 00 2 00 1 95 3 95 30 00 75 00 3 50 drive expansion units 10 00 DATASPEC COMPUTER CABLES Limited to quantity on hand
105. C OEM 5N17 1 5V 17A 10 x5 x5 14lbs Trygon LBS6 24 OV 4 8 6 8V 24A 6x 17 x8 36 Ibs Lambda LXS D 5 OV 5V 27 5A 7 x7 2x9 22 Ibs Sorenson SSD9 50 9V 50A switcher Th x5 a x124 13 Ibs Standard Power 200 B 12 12V 5A unregulated 4 2 x8 x5 12 Ibs 20 00 ACDC 15N5 1 15V 5A 10 x4 x5 6lbs 75 00 Standard Power200 B 16 16V 12 5A unregulated 42 x8 x5 12 Ibs Sorenson SLC20 5 20V 5A 5 x3 x8 4ibs Sorenson Pare s n 24V 8 5A 5 x3 x10 5 Astec AA11261 VOA 28V 1A unregulated switcher 7 x42 x2 Compower 70040 5V 3A 12V 5A 12V 1A 5x10 1 4 x2 50 00 Osborne Power Supply 25 00 130W power supply IBM PC compatible 140 00 HB5 3 5V 3A Linear 4x5 x2 15 00 CP411 5V 8A 5V 3A 12V 1 2A 12V 1A 24V 2 5A 5A surge 16 4 x5 x3 Linear a CP417 5V 4A 12V 2 5A Avg m 7 5A Surge Linear 8 4 x5 x3 ACDC 551 111 5V 8A 72V 1 7A Linear 11 x5 x3 Osborne Power Supply 5V 2 5A 12V 2 02A 12V 1A Switcher 68 4 x4 x2 Cylinders Tracks R W Heads Disks index 16 2 msec 99 msec 215 msec 1 5 A max 45 00 60 00 60 00 175 00 15 00 40 00 90 00 50 00 35 00 50 00 35 00 18 00 DATASPEC XP Series DATA SWITCHES 25 PIN RS232 All pins switchable Can be used with IBM PC parallel port e DB 25 S female connectors with gold plated contacts AB 25 57 00 A
106. CA 93116 805 685 4641 NEW FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER BOARD FOR THE XEROX 820 ll Direct replacement for the standard 820 II Floppy Daughter Board Uses the FDC1793 9229B for reliable operation Perfect for surplus 820 II boards Assembled tested Complete Kit Bare Board w 9229B Bare Board w DOC Include 3 00 Shipping VISA MC COD Add 1 50 REPAIR SERVICE XEROX 820 I II BIG BOARD THE DATA MILL 12 Crescent Court Montgomery IL 60538 312 892 6573 THE PROGRAMMERS SHOP helps compare evaluate and find products Get answers SERVICE FREE LITERATURE One free call covers all programmer s software Ask for a Packet on Al BASIC C COBOL Debuggers Edi tors FORTH FORTRAN Libraries PASCAL UNIX PC or 30 addons for C ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ARITY PROLOG full debug to ASM amp C 16 meg use MSDOS 495 EXSYS Expert System dev t Full RAM serious PCDOS 275 GC LISP COMMON LISP rich tutorial co routines PCDOS Call PROLOG 86 Learn fast Stan dard tutorials samples MSDOS Call C PROGRAMMING C terp by Gimpel full K amp R OBJ ASM inter 8087 MSDOS 255 INSTANT C interactive develop ment Edit Source Debug run MSDOS 399 INTRODUCING C Interactive C 500 page tutorial PCDOS Call dbVISTA FILE SYSTEM full indexing plus optional record types pointers Source no royalties LAT C86 MSC MSDOS 450 Call for a catalog and solid value
107. CARD With printer port 720 x 348 Runs 1 2 3 graphics Reg 175 Special Only 145 KEYBOARD 5150 style lighted Num and Caps Lock keys shift key in normal position Reg 125 Special Only 90 KEYBOARD EXTENSION Shielded cord coiled 30 stretches to over 10 Reg 14 Special Only 9 HARD DISK CONTROLLER CARD Uses Western Digital 1010A microcontroller controls up to two ST506 5 10 15 18 27 30 or 33MB drives Hard formatter on board With cables for first drive Reg 219 95 Special Only 175 FLOPPY CONTROLLER CARD Handles up to4 drives With cable for first 2 drives Reg 99 Special Only 74 COLOR GRAPHICS CARD Graphics mode 320 x 200 B amp W mode 640 x 200 Reg 139 95 Special Only 116 PC POWER CENTER Turns your modem printer external disk etc up to 6 devices on and off when you turn your PC on and off Uses monochrome monitor socket Reg 38 Special Only 32 2 s amp h If you use the monochrome socket add 4 50 for adapter to permit monochrome monotor to plug into PC Power Center Shipping and handling motherboards cases 6 50 each cards 3 50 each PC DOS 3 00 each s amp h free with motherboard hardware kits 2 50 each s amp h free with case keyboards 4 50 each keyboard extensions 1 each CA residents add 6 sales tax Visa MC AmEx ORDERS CALL 1 800 443 0100 Ext 540 For more information or to mail your order call or write _ The SBC Mart P O Box 1296 Ridg
108. California Orders Add 6 5 Sales Tax Shipped via UPS Check or Money Orders to L BAND SYSTEMS 1037 E Lemon Ave Monrovia CA 91016 Not available for export 34 818 357 0566 Rich Baker at Slicer says they ll try to put together a list of which pro grams work and which don t some time in the future In the meantime this is my experience the Slicer video board has run every program I ve needed editors compilers etc the big problem is and always will be copy protection Takes A Dicing And Keeps On Slicing I have always known Slicer equip ment was reliable but I didn t know how reliable until recently I just spent six weeks traveling 2500 miles across the Northwest with all my equipment in the back of my pickup The only hardware problems I encoun tered in the entire trip were a bad cable on my winchester and a chip that needed to be reseated in its socket I should have soldered it like Dean said Then I wouldn t have had any problem at all Interestingly enough my 3 year old Big Board made the same trip with no problems either Good thing I don t own an IBM AT or anything with Tandon drives I certainly hope Slicer s reputation remains unblemished Next week ev erything gets packed for a two month boat trip across the Atlantic and the Mediterranean whimper whimper The only thing I don t expect to make the trip alive is the winchester I ve heard they re prone
109. FFOO DW FFO2 DW FFO DW FFO6 DW FFO8 DW FFOA DW FFOC DW FFOE DW SIOBEMP SIOBEXT SIOBRCV SIOBSPL SIOAEMP SIOAEXT SIOARCV SIOASPL SIO 3510 3510 3510 3510 SIO 3510 3510 FF10 DW FF12 DW FFI4 DW FF16 DW cTCIO CTCI1 cTCI2 TIMER CTC CTC 3 CTC 3 CTC FF18 DW FFIA DW SYSA KEYBR FFIC DW FF1E DW GPIOA GPIOB Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 B B B B A A A A xmit buffer empty external status change receive data available special receive condition xmit buffer empty external status change receive data available special receive condition channel 0 channel 1 millisecond channel 2 channel 3 one second tick Systen PIO channel A System PIO channel B keyboard General PIO channel A General PIO channel B FLOPPY CONTROLLERS DISK EMULATORS SOFTWARE WE HAVE THEM FOR YOUR XEROX 820 BB1 OR KAYPRO EMERALD MICROWARE BRINGS YOU THE HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE THAT You NEED TO GET THE BEST VERSATILITY AND EFFICIENCY FROM YOUR SINGLE BOARD MICROCOMPUTER WITH GOOD PRICES AND SUPPORT X120 DOUBLE DENSITY CONTROLLER BOARD Unsurpassed double density operation designed for easy moun ting on the Xerox 820 1 or BBI Uses the 2793 double density disk controller e Runs any combination of 5 or 8 disk drives up to four at a time e Standard 34 and 50 pin Shugart compatible disk drive connec tors on board as well as returning sig
110. Fei re i hed im 1 z ie October November 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS New PIO For The Big Board Faster Screen Output With Turbo Cleaning Up Your Screen Video Adjustments dBASE To Bibliofile In Small C Two Megabytes And More On The DSI 32 The Future Of Computing MS DOS In The Public Domain Selecting A Drive Within CP M Graphics In Turbo Pascal For Any System Regular Features Technical Tips Culture Corner C ing Clearly Crossword No 2 Solution The Xerox 820 Column 86 World Future Tense The Kaypro Column Tidbits FORTHwords Express The Last Page NEW LOWER PRICES NEW LOWER PRICES NEW LOWER PRICES BIG BOARD II 4 MHz Z80 A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER WITH SASI HARD DISK INTERFACE x 545 ASSEMBLED amp TESTED 145 PC BOARD WITH 16 PARTS Jim Ferguson the designer of the Big Board distributed by Digital SIZE 8 75 x 15 5 Research Computers has produced a stunning new computer that POWER 5V 3A 12V 0 1A Cal Tex Computers has been shipping for a year Called Big Board II it has the following features E SASI Interface for Winchester Disks Our Big Board ll implements the Host portion of the Shugart Associates Systems m 4 MHz Z80 A CPU and Peripheral Chips Interface Adding a Winchester disk drive is no harder than attaching a floppy disk The new Ferguson computer runs at 4 MHz Its Monitor code is lean uses Mode 2 drive A user simply 1 runs a
111. HEREIS finds files in subdirectories SQUEEZE and UNSQUEEZE for files WASH and several more file manipulators Disk 2 CHEAP ASSEMBLER AND DISASSEMBLER CHASM IBM macroassembler compatible assembler ASMGEN IBM macroassembler compatible di sassembler works in 64K MEM BRAIN RAM disk maker UN WORDSTAR converts Wordstar files to ASCII and vice versa and FSPOOL printer to file output redi rector Also assembler source to RAMDISK and SDIR directory pro gram Disk 3 ADVENTURE The original and most cussed adven ture in C with source Disk 4 RBBS SINGLE USER SYSTEM A good remote bulletin board and source Disk 5 FILE AND DIRECTORY UTILITIES UTIL sorts directories moves files between directories redefines the key board views files Z sorts files VTYPE easier to use TYPE ST pages backward and forward through files PROTECT and UNPROTECT for files Disk 6 FIG FORTH Disk 7 FIG FORTH SOURCE Disk 8 NEAT GAMES Three really fun games CASTLE a graphic and conversational adven ture TREKRUN Star Trek com mand adventure and BOUNCING BABY a neat finger exercise continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October N ovember 1985 63 PUBLIC DOMAIN MS DOS m continued from page 63 l B M PC M S D O S CP M S O FTWARE MBACOUNT 89 00 Small business double entry accounting Up to 40
112. KayPro s keypad You can define 8 keystrokes at up to 63 characters each TYPING TUTOR A complete typing tutor for beginners and experts Written in Australia it comes complete with source This was customized for KayPro Il 4 and 10 by Barry Cole of WLAKUG The documentation says you can learn to touch type in 8 hours TURBO BULLETIN BOARD Complete Bulletin Board Package for only 12 A SUPER UTILITIES DISK CONTAINING NewSweep Nulul Sperzap amp VDO KP FIVE GAMES PLUS SOURCE MOSTLY TURBO Includes improved Othello and Eliza SMALL C COMPILER amp SOURCE VERS 2 1 Requires Microsoft s M80 ROMS for 84 KayPros Pro 884 This ROM provides the benefits of the original Pro 8 to the 84 owner With the Pro 884 you can run any mix of quad density 784K drives and double sided double density drives as A and B Plus if you plug in the decoder board you can run up to four drives Pro 884 MAX l The MAX gives you all the advantages of the Pro 884 plus faster screen scrolling ZCPR in ROM you warm boot on any disk whether it has system tracks or not screen dump ctrl p type printer output and VT52H 19 terminal emulation in addition to the original ADM3 to name a few We worked on this hummer for nearly a year If you need more information on the Pro 884s or our 83 compatible ROMs call write or yell for our KayPro Users Catalog The wait is over We now have two new ROMS and both are for the 84 series KayPro 2 and
113. MBASIC dBase Il spreadsheets programming required REMBRANDT is complete with printer routines that allow graphics to be printed out on virtually any dot matrix or daisy wheel printer The REMBRANDT Business Graphics Toolkit is available for all Osborne CP M Kaypro 16 Coming soon for Sanyo 555 Single sided versions support 40 disk formats and double sided versions New version 3 00 adds word processor REMBRANDT gives you three powerful and easy to use tools which unleash the graphics power built into your computer and most other programs BRIEF creates slide shows on screen using cinematic special effects with absolutely no computers and for Kaypro CP M computers with factory graphics i e Kaypro 2 84 2X 4 84 4E 10 12X and Robie Include 3 per order for postage handling Overseas airmail add S10 US funds only California residents add 6 tax LA County add 6 5 For further information technical questions or to place COD or credit card orders call 898 716 1655 ORDERING INFORMATION FOR ORDERS ONLY CALL TOLL FREE 24 HOURS 800 824 7888 Ask for Operator 407 U Alaska Hawaii 800 824 7919 Ask for Operator 407 For more information a free brochure including sample printouts and REMBRANDT reviews by Peter McWilliams and others or to order contact 22458 Ventura Bivd Suite E Woodland Hills CA 91364 TECHNOLOGII S INC 7 Dealer inquines invited 36 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985
114. MITED But I wasn t happy with the output because commas were delimiting fields and there were commas inside the fields A comma was obviously not the best delimiter So I changed to a delimiter I knew wouldn t show up in the records Now the dBASE command was COPY TO BIBLIO TXT DELIMITED WITH 48 5432 Adobe Falls 4 San Diego CA 92120 Listing 1 Turning The Algorithm Into C Code A lt B AO gt type db2bf c db2bf c dBASE to Bibliofile a program to translate a text file made using dBASE II tm into a format the Martz Bibliofile tm can use x x k 3 Copyright 1985 C by Michael Marsh Released to the Public Domain for x non profit use only x include lt stdioa h gt include lt iolib asm gt include lt call asm gt define EOL n char prefixC a y 7t 8 1 5 k 3 char space z y char slash z 3 char delimiter a t 3 xkk amp k CHANGE THIS FOR A DIFFERENT DELIMITER char comma a int counter Q main ii int c 3 while c getchar EOF if c delimiter if counter gt 5 gt putchar EOL print a blank line counter O 3 zero the counter gt else if c getchar comma next char is comma H discard it else putchar EOL 3 start on new line x putchar slash x putchar prefix counter add prefix
115. MX with GRAFTRAX or LQ 1500 C Itoh Prowriter NEC 8023A Star Micronics Gemini 10X 15X SG 10 SG 15 IBM Graphics Printer Okidata 192 and earlier Okidata models equipped with the IBM Plug n Play chips If you have an Okidata printer other than the 192 the Plug n Play chips are required GRAF 2 0 Update Policy Returning your original GRAF 2 0 disk to MSC entitles you to 20 00 off the above prices Microcomputer MSC Consultants 301 North Harrison Street CN5279 Suite 228 Princeton New Jersey 08540 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 89 EDITORIAL continued from page 1 and what s not so great in the CP M world Now we get to start over It s kinda fun in a way Intel Intel MS DOS What we get with this combination is an old convoluted architecture the famous 64K seg ments and the most common chip in this arena is the 8088 slow Plus IBM doesn t give me any warm fuzzies Actually I haven t gotten so much as a stuffed rat However there are a lot of ma chines a lot of software and not a lot of technical information in this arena Look at PC Tech Journal It s filling its pages with how to select and use applications programs Interesting I suppose but not technical The 80386 Intel s upcoming 32 bit processor is supposed to maintain compatibility with the rest of the 86s but is also supposed to let you make the segments any size you want So the
116. Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 37 MULTICOPY e Format copy and verify 96 tpi disks in under 4 minutes exact speed depends on type of drives and year of Kaypro e Format copy and verify Kaypro double and sin gle sided disks in approximately 1 minute and 2 minutes respectively e Format copy and verify any soft sector single or double sided 5 disk format on your Kaypro at comparable speeds e g Osborne SSDD in under a minute Large library of formats supplied e Use any combination of Drives A B C or D as source or destination drives Not currently available for the Kaypro 10 Please send MULTICOPY to Name Address Enclosed is 39 plus 3 shipping California residents add 6 sales tax Check or money order O visa O MasterCard O Number _ CE Signature 5 shipping charge for orders outside N America CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc IF YOU HAVE TWO OR MORE KAYPROS THEY SHOULD TALK amp MORROWs OR XEROX 820 Ils ALL IN THE SAME OFFICE CONNECT THEM WITH THE LAN ROVER The ADEVCO LAN Rover is a full feature Local Area Net work system which enables KAYPRO CP M computers to work together Information from disk drives including hard disks can be exchanged with other computers as many as 60 computers on a network TRANSFER FILES TO OR FROM REMOTE DISK DRIVES AND USE OTHER PRINTERS OVER 3 000 FEET AWAY FULL SECURITY AVAILABLE WITH ENC
117. NDARD external monitor to the Kaypro Computer Custom monitors or modifications are not required Composite video generator Kaypro II and 4 ow Kaypro cer 4 84 2X and 10 IBM TTL Somes Monitor Adapter Kaypro 2 84 4 84 10 and 2 49 95 Quadram Pe a IBM TTL Monitor Zenith Monitors ZVM 122 Composite Amber ZVM 123 Composite Green A ZVM 135 Composite Color RGB Pe i 00 MicroSphere Inc P O Box 1221 Bend Oregon 97709 503 388 1194 9 5 Pacific Time Dealer inquiries invited Ese miie Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 THE FUTURE OF COMPUTING continued from page 57 al language is from phonetic language Printing And Computing The computer is like the printing press If you believe IBM IBM is in the information processing business so computers are primarily used as a medium for storing manipulating transmitting doing things with infor mation If that s true you can make the analogy of the computer and the printing press Paper is like memory Paper is almost a free good But at one time it was very expensive Also keep in mind that as far as I know there isn t a single technology that has made it that didn t have an almost overwhelming entertainment component attached to it The reason today that you think of Victor rather than Edison when you hear the word phonograph was because of Edison s attitude toward the phonograph Edison hated the commercial entert
118. Now that you re totally freaked about static but you ve got the ideal spot sitting on the lawn under a running sprinkler holding a cotton umbrella your next task is to open this thing up In fact it s your duty to open up this cute little system just to appre ciate how they put it together I mean this system was really designed and the mechanical engineer was an artist Anyway here s how I did it 1 Disconnect the system from the charger 2 Open the top to the first click stop I know the thing turns on 3 Remove the keyboard and its cable continued next page 41 THE KAYPRO COLUMN continued from page 41 4 Raise the disk carrier to a vertical position 5 You ve just exposed a deeply inset Phillips screw facing up near the keyboard cable socket Loosen the screw completely but you don t need to remove it 6 There is another tiny Phillips screw facing the front of the 2000 and located near the disk drive hinge Remove this screw completely and gt store it in a small box the box for your 3 1 2 disks works fine In fact you can mount a strip of masking tape sticky side up and then place the screws on this tape in the order they are removed An old camera repair trick 7 Now lift up the front edge of the plastic module that has the keyboard cable socket the RS 232 jack and the identification tag 8 This plastic module has two fingers which insert into
119. ODED PASSWORDS AND USER PRIVILEGES FIELD PROVEN TECHNOLOGY IN OVER 1000 INSTALLATIONS Each system includes hardware software cabling full documentation and network management tips The LAN Rover provides a low cost finely engi neered and reliable network for your KAYPRO and other computers Phone or write for details ADEVCO INC 3790 El Camino Real Palo Alto CA 94306 415 493 7466 Kaypro Morrow amp Xerox are registered trademarks of the KAYPRO Corp MORROW DESIGNS amp XEROX For further information on MULTICOPY and other Kaypro and CP M software please write or cal Plu Perfect Systems BOX 1494 IDYLLWILD CA 92349 714 659 4432 OUTSTANDING PROGRAMS For Your CP M 2 2 System Whadeappool SO 39 95 Bring the power of a mainframe spooler to your CP M 2 2 system AutoSpool 80 features e Nearly unlimited storage capacity e Multiple copies e Printer controls including pause for next page resume print from middle of job and presettable configuration of pitch and lines per inch e Smart file handling including control of printing order wild cards in file names and individual cancelling CHAIN2 15 00 At last Run a your COM files from menus arranged any way you like nested to any level No modifications to COM files re quired CHAIN2 chains to your COM file then causes it to chain back to the menu when it exits Menu program supplied DUMPREL 15 00 Displays the cont
120. OUTPUTS 495 SERVO COMPUTER CORPORATION 360B N ELLENSBURG ST BOX 566 GOLD BEACH OREGON 97444 503 247 2021 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 16 bit bus since both portA and portB would get the read request at the same time and the 8255 couldn t service both simultaneously There fore I used two separate reads Also note that WAIT reads port B to check to see if conversion is finished and its last read conversion is finished contains good data So WAIT could pass port B data to FETCH and FETCH would only have to read port A Translating To Binary The COB to binary conversion is accomplished in two steps First we complement the 12 bit returned value then XOR it with the highest sign bit The process is not intuitively obvious but gets the job done Note also that bits B4 B7 could contain garbage so we AND off the lower 12 bits clearing the high bits to be safe Finally word A D selects the desired channel and then combines all of these lower level words to fetch the analog data How fast can this high level conversion be accomplished in FORTH The word MANY gives a simple test 10 000 samples acquired and discarded It takes 9 0 seconds on the IBM PC using the UNIFORTH Sampler Removing the empty loop time yields a 1 2KHz throughput This speed may be adequate for your project or you may need some thing faster How can we optimize the acquisition We could combi
121. PR3 ENVIRONMENT DESCRIPTOR 4o DB 0 1D DB Z3ENVS 3 NUMBER OF 128 BYTE BLOCKS IN DESCRIPTOR 83 DB 102 1E DW SHSTK SHELL STACK ADDRESS ay DB 66 20 DB SHSTKS NUMBER OF SHSIZE BYTE ENTIRES IN 45 DB 58 SHELL STACK 46 DB 0 21 DB SHSIZE 3 SIZE OF A SHELL STACK ENTRY 47 DB SH 22 DW Z3MSG ZCPR3 MESSAGE BUFFER uF DB VAR 24 DW EXTFCB ZCPR3 EXTERNAL FCB 52 DB t 5A DB 26 DW EXTSTK 3 ZCPR3 EXTERNAL STACK 5D DB 28 DB 0 QUIET FLAG 1 QUIET O NOT QUIET 65 DB t 29 DW Z3WHL 3 ADDRESS OF WHEEL BYTE 68 DB 70 DB 2B DB 4 3 PROCESSOR SPEED IN MHZ 13 DB 2c DB pret 3 MAXIMUM DISK 7B DB t 2D DB 31 MAXIMUM USER 2E DB 1 120K TO ACCEPT DU O NOT OK TE DS 2 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 SHELL VARIABLE FILETYPE FILENAME 1 FILETYPE _ FILENAME 2 FILETYPE 2 FILENAME 3 FILETYPE 3 4 4 FILENAME FILETYPE HELP utility VLIB a companion to Z3LIB provides a number of subrou tines which permit terminal control through the Z3TCAP terminal defini tion buffer SYSLIB Z3LIB and VLIB are documented in ZCPR3 The Libraries and will be available through Echelon in a few months All the subroutines in Z3LIB use the Z3ENV by first calling Z3INIT Z3INIT accepts as input the ad dress of the Z3ENV in HL and initializes an internal buffer which all Z3LIB routines later use If the screen oriented routines of VLIB are needed your program must call the Z3VINIT routine from VLIB ins
122. R OF LINES OF TEXT ON CRT 0 WIDTH OF CRT 1 NUMBER OF LINES ON CRT 1 NUMBER OF LINES OF TEXT ON CRT 1 WIDTH OF PRINTER 0 NUMBER OF LINES ON PRINTER 0 NUMBER OF LINES OF TEXT ON PRINTER 0 FORM FEED FLAG O CAN T FORMFEED 1 CAN WIDTH OF PRINTER 1 NUMBER OF LINES ON PRINTER 1 NUMBER OF LINES OF TEXT ON PRINTER 1 FORM FEED FLAG O CAN T FORMFEED 1 CAN WIDTH OF PRINTER 2 NUMBER OF LINES ON PRINTER 2 NUMBER OF LINES OF TEXT ON PRINTER 2 FORM FEED FLAG OsCAN T FORMFEED 1 CAN we we we we WIDTH OF PRINTER 3 NUMBER OF LINES ON PRINTER 3 NUMBER OF LINES OF TEXT ON PRINTER 3 FORM FEED FLAG O CAN T FORMFEED 12CAN we we we we SHELL VARIABLE FILENAME Offset Definition Comments 00 JHP 0 3 LEADING JMP 2F DB 0 30 DB 0 03 DB 1Z3ENV 3 ENVIRONMENT ID 08 DB 1 3 CLASS 1 ENVIRONMENT EXTERNAL 31 DB 80 32 DB 24 09 DW EXPATH 3 EXTERNAL PATH ADDRESS 33 DB 22 0B DB EXPATHS NUMBER OF 2 BYTE ELEMENTS IN PATH 34 DB 132 oc DW RCP 3 RCP ADDRESS 35 DB 2 OE DB RCPS NUMBER OF 128 BYTE BLOCKS IN RCP 36 DB 22 37 DB 80 oF DW IOP 3 IOP ADDRESS 38 DB 66 11 DB IOPS NUMBER OF 128 BYTE BLOCKS IN IOP 39 DB 58 3A DB 1 12 DW FCP FCP ADDRESS 14 DB FCPS NUMBER OF 128 BYTE BLOCKS IN FCP 3B DB 102 3c DB 66 15 DW Z3NDIR s NDR ADDRESS 3D DB 58 17 DB Z3NDIRS 3 NUMBER OF 16 BYTE ENTRIES IN NDR i 3E DB 1 18 DW Z3CL ZCPR3 COMMAND LINE 3F DB 80 1A DB 23CLS 3 NUMBER OF BYTES IN COMMAND LINE 40 DB 66 at DB 58 1B DW Z3ENV 3 ZC
123. ROM is on a separate disk For more info MicroSphere Inc PO Box 1221 Bend Oregon 97709 503 388 1194 And that s Tidbits Han Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 99 Express Text Editor Review By Jack Rodenhi It you re looking for an inexpen sive speedy text editor then scroll through Express Public And Private Domain Express comes in two versions a fully functional text editor version 1 0 and an enhanced version 2 0 Version 1 0 is free That s right you can get Version 1 0 from Micro C or from your local bulletin board and you are free to pass it around to your friends use it for a frisbee or any thing else you think is breezy At 35 version 2 is almost free but it s not public domain For text processing Express resem bles Vedit and WordStar which means you can easily configure it for any terminal or Z80 computer define the keyboard layout and have full cursor and block control Express also has word wrap and tab functions The fancy text formatting com mands of WordStar are missing but the Express disk contains ROFF4 a public domain formatting utility So you should have at least most Word Star formatting capability Difference Between 1 and 2 The main difference between the two versions of Express is 1 0 s lack of access to CP M functions from within the editor With 2 0 you can TYPE COPY ERASE or RENAME files and get a DIRECTORY or LOG
124. SIC a new more powerful version created by Kemeny and Kurtz the original developers of BASIC Still easy to learn and use True BASIC now offers Modularity Improved Error Checking e Windows e Speed Now available for the IBM PC at 149 90 Apple Macintosh version available Fall 1985 A runtime version is available from True BASIC Inc True BASIC The BASIC idea made better Keal Programmers Care About Documentation And its professional appearance If you write technical or scientific doc then increments x Here s the heart of the routine If the distance from the center with new x is farther than it would be with a smaller y we decrement y So we keep moving out in the x direction until we re outside the circle Then we move continued next page wy Addison Wesley uments that contain mathematical expressions and have to have the most polished look possible and you currently have access to a personal com puter then MicroTpX is your answer MicroTpX will actually typeset your document on your PC and print it out with the highest typographical quality Special features include e justification e tabular alignment e hyphenation e running heads e pagination e numbering and placement of footnotes e kerning floating figure insertions e ligatures e widow control accents e index and table of contents System requirements IBM PC XT AT or PC with hard disk MS or PC DOS ver
125. SIDENTS ADD 8 SALES TAX N Pew KENMORE COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES P O Box 635 Kenmore New York 14217 716 877 0617 SRO CORNUCOPIA ie Micro Technical Journal P O BOX 223 BEND OREGON 97709 f 2 E 5 S E E eg ne z Jag ae Q tH 9g ON ywq y m is N Q iS f lt amp O s
126. ST EPIC SALES 132 Walinut Plano Center Garland Texas 75042 EPIC SALES WINCHESTER SUB SYSTEMS Featuring Drives By XEROX 820 820 11 BIGBOARD I KAYPRO III IV Supports CPM 2 2 operating system Host board plugs Into Z 80 socket WD 1002 controller board external in cabinet Boot CPM from 8 or amp 1 4 floppy Easy installation Complete documentation package is available for 35 00 This package includes all manuals and software on a diskette if required The 35 00 is refundable with the purchase of a Winchester sub system from EPIC SALES Seagate ST 212 1 2 High Low Power Seagate 100 Z 1 oo Supports CPM 2 2 operating system Host board plugs into S 100 BUSS XEBEC S 1410 controller board external in cabinet Boot CPM from floppy 8 e Easy installation Fast amp Efficient Service All orders are expedited as a matter of our regular policy We are proud to have achieved our goal of shipping most orders within 24 hrs of receipt Seagate ST 225 Erwin 110 1 2 High Tape Backup aa aes ens a meas att wom oom System External External compartes 599 799 1199 699 ss00 595 695 1299 799 999 595 695 apere wa 949 1349 wa 1049 IA XEROX 8208 KAYPRO 899 A SATISFACTION GUARANTEED Order your EPIC Winchester System now test it for 30 days if not satisfied return for immediate refund warranty includes both parts a
127. Similarly lines 75 79 test for the command line buffer This shell acts as a front end executing command lines issued by the user so the command line buffer must be avail able All three of these key elements the shell stack the message buffer and the command line buffer are part of the recommended standard 1K overhead of a ZCPR3 System There are three types of ZCPR3 commands 1 One issued by the user as a normal command 2 One issued by ZCPR3 as a shell 3 One issued by ZCPR3 as an error handler When ZCPR3 is ready to accept input from the user it checks the shell stack If the shell stack isn t empty the command line on the top of the stack is executed in lieu of input from the user ZCPR3 sets a message to indicate the source of the command line when ever it executes a command if the ZCPR3 message buffer is available A continued on page 10 clear screen gxymsg position on screen and print vprint print with highlighting shpush push string onto shell stack getefcb get external FCB getshi get shell stack information getmsg get message buffer information getcli j get command line information getcl2 j get command line information qshell j was this program run as a shell putcst set command status message set command line ext z3vinit init for terminal processing 4T aseg 19 48 org 20 SYSLIB routines 49 21 bbline j an input line editor ae 22 ext Brink Sprints a string o
128. So let s get to it In most cases trimpot functions are marked on the video board the small board tucked underneath the CRT If the functions continued on page 46 KAMAS puts full control at your fingertips You can keep track of your main line of thought by col asp As an idea craftsman you use iit your mind like a skilled pair of hands You take hold of concepts then manipulate them to dis Mi A i cover refine convey dynamic r3 K new thoughts Ge oR YOUF Cra non Now the tool that can strengthen Pg your creative grasp is well within Re your reach ae KAMAS a revolutionary outline 4f processor from KAMASOFT 7 supports your thinking process and keeps you in touch with your ideas That s because KAMAS is designed to work the way your mind works naturally 3 Begin by brainstorming KAMAS w enables you to jot down ideas quickly as you think of them If you want to elaborate you can add text with full screen editing Then develop your ideas using a s familiar outline format Change xa the structure as easily as you change your mind Move an idea and all attached text moves with it KAMAS 280 amp CP M are trademarks of KAMASOFT Zilog amp Digital Research respectively formerly Compusophic Systems KAMASOFT 2525 SW 224th Ave Dept 144 Aloha OR 97006 Get your hands on KAMAS now Send 147 plus 4 for S
129. The Z80 plugs into the socket on the I O board The Z80 sits on stilts so to speak which gives me access to all its data address and control lines I mounted another 40 pin socket next to the Z80 for the PIO Then I ran jumpers from D0 D7 A0 Al CLK IORQ RD and M1 pins on Z80 socket to the corresponding pins on the PIO socket The PIO s chip enable is decoded by a 74LS138 3 to 8 decoder and an inverter for A7 Thus the decoder looks for ports above 7F not used in the original BB providing selects for eight more PIOs SIOs CTCs PROM blasters laser zappers slug squishers etc For buffering I used 74367 hex tri state buffers because they were handy but 74LS243s would be better since they allow directional control The circuit fits on the vector board with ample room for an additional PIO Finally I ve programmed over two dozen EPROMs with this mod and no errors Hope you can use the circuit P O Box 6511 Lake Charles LA Figure 1 Expanding the Big Board 1 0 OUTPUT O al Hn Source Code Generators by C C Software can give you the answer Block Diagram The darndest thing I ever did see if you re at all interested in what s going on in your system it s worth it Jerry Pournelle BYTE Sept 83 The S C G programs produce fully commented and labeled source code for your system the CCP and areas To modify the system to your liking just edit and ass
130. These boards show what can be done with the power of an 80186 To hell with number crunching let s bend some iron Anyway if you are planning on installing a 200 ton metal punch turret in your garage definitely talk to Slicer first Schizophrenia Concurrent CP M is loads of fun to play with It is just wonderful to be continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 33 86 WORLD continued from page 33 editing compiling and debugging all at the same time The Slicer implementation of Concurrent is more advanced in its multi user capabilities than the IBM version Slicer s allows for several physical consoles each with several windows IBM s only allows windows on one console and only one or two other physical con soles without windowing DRI put in all the handles necessary for running multi user in a friendly environment one where nobody works at crashing the system A full comple ment of file locking and record locking system calls are provided as well as calls that allow communicating be tween processes using queues and calls to handle device locking for direct disk access use of I O ports etc I m really interested in using their queues so I ll probably have something to say about that in the future Speaking of Slicer and concurrency bia score and all that a heckler at the SOG asked Dean Klein PC Tech formerly Slicer when the X 16 is a
131. UNS AT FULL SPEED WITH NO WAIT STATES a FOUR LAYER BOARD 5 75 x 8 CAN MOUNT DIRECTLY TO MINIFLOPPY POWER REQUIRED 5 VOLTS AT 1 4 AMPS NO OTHER VOLTAGES NEEDED E UNIQUE FLOPPY CONTROLLER WITH AUTOMATIC SELF ADJUSTMENT NO POTS FOR 3 5 DRIVES 5 25 DRIVES 8 DRIVES 1 6 MB 5 25 DRIVES amp CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT UTILITY INCLUDED ALLOWS EASY MENU DRIVEN SELECTION OF OVER 50 DIFFERENT FLOPPY AND WINCHESTER FORMATS AS WELL AS BAUD RATES PRINTER PORT SELECTION AND TURN KEY AUTOLOAD m S A S I SCSI BUS FOR WINCHESTER CONTROLLER XEBEC 1410 TWO RS232 PORTS WITH SOFTWARE SELECTABLE RATES 300 TO 153 6K BAUD STANDARD CENTRONICS TYPE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT E 2K EPROM WITH AUTO SELECTION FOR BOOTSTRAP FLOPPY OR WINCHESTER 64K 150NS DYNAMIC RAM WITH 128K EXPANSION AVAILABLE 50 PIN SYSTEM EXPANSION BUS WITH Z80 TERMS PLUS ADDITIONAL TERMS m REAL TIME CLOCK TENTHS OF SECONDS SECONDS MINUTES DAYS WEEKS u NOT A TOY SERVO USES MIL SPEC OR INDUSTRIAL GRADE PREMIUM PARTS A amp T SERVO 8 COMPUTER 389 FOR CP M ADD 70 VISA M C COD CP M V2 2 CBIOS SOURCES 50 INCLUDES WINCHESTER FORMATTER EPROM CBIOS Z80 CODE CONFIGURATION UTILITY TURBO PASCAL CODE SERVO EXPANSION BOARD WITH 128K ADDITIONAL RAM CLOCK CALENDAR WITH BATTERY BACKUP TWO ADDITIONAL SERIAL PORTS 384 m SERVO CONTROL INTERFACE WITH 24 ANALOG INPUTS AND 8 ANALOG OUTPUTS 12 BIT ADC DAC PLUS 16 DIGITAL INPUTS 64 DIGITAL
132. USH might be caused by the command line being too long for the buffer reserved for a shell stack element or the shell stack being full If the SHPUSH routine succeeds execution resumes at line 112 At this point GETCL2 is called to determine if there are any more commands in the command line buffer If the shell program was L3 for example the command line could have been L3 another command CHKCMD Lines 113 115 checks for this other command and if it finds it GETCL2 returns with register A 0 and the Zero Flag clear The rest of the command line is executed by returning to the operating system line 115 If there s no following command execution of the shell resumes with its main function a display and prompt for user input lines 127 150 The visible part of the routine occurs in the routine at GETCMD lines 127 150 1 Clear the screen 2 Display Directory followed by the current disk user starting at line 5 column 10 on the screen 3 Prompt the user for input with a highlighted command prompt Enter Command starting at line 7 column 10 4 Input a command line from the user 5 Place the command line into the command line buffer and return to the operating system for execution of the user s command CLS a VLIB routine called at line 128 determines the byte sequence defined in the ZCPR3 TCAP buffer to send to the terminal and clears the screen by sending that sequence o
133. UT 0 gt 1 transition 10 AL XOR AL DX OUT 1 gt 0 transition DX DEC BEGIN DX AL IN wait for bit 7 clr AL AL AND PL UNTIL AL AH MOV save hi 4 bits DX DEC DX AL IN fetch lo 8 bits AX NOT 800 AX XOR COB gt binary OFFF AX AND AX PUSH place on stack NEXT END CODE DECIMAL gt 4 buffered a d plot MANY chan test 081585AAH 10000 O DO DUP A D DROP LOOP DROP 200 VECTOR A DBUF space for 200 samples MULTI A D chan cnt read multiple O DO DUP A D I A DBUF LOOP 2VARIABLE RATIO scaling factor for plot 80 4096 RATIO 2 ent of 4096 80th column PLOT POINT val lt plot point on screen RATIO 2 1 SPACES At EMIT CR PLOT chan lt free running plot until keypress INIT CR BEGIN DUP A D PLOT POINT 7TERMINAL UNTIL DROP e S F Figure 2 Bit Assignments bit portC lower pOrtB swwweewe mode group B wroccoewooonnnne portC upper conn ennaae amnaccmncne port A wre cew er nweccwemeneneonene mode group A oaunennennnnann ncencnncnnnn en mode group A FSS BOSS ONS OSS UP CD OD OR 222 2ee2eeooo2ne mode set flag 5 l SoS SU eee cea en we cee oo ow OV Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 TOTALCONTROL with LMI FORTH For Programming Professionals an expanding family of compatible high performance Forth 83 Standard compilers for microcomputers For De
134. UTER 192 Deerfield Rd Apex NC 27502 Call 919 362 6655 IT S EASY TO USE Just enter SPELLSYS select which disks you ll use and file you re checking Then SpellSys takes over Everything is a self prompting so sit back and relax Word Review Operations Ee S show Context in file Lookup word in dictionary Are you signing your name with an X because spelling doesn t come easily Then you need SpellSys With this full feature package you can write prose with the pros SpellSys fea tures a 42 000 word dictionary and all the bells and whistles of those expensive checkers including rhyming crossword search letter unscrambling etc SpellSys is made up of a group of indiv idual programs which you can use toge ther or separately With SpellSys you can setup and maintain your own custom dictionary in addition to the main dic tionary These are real dictionaries not hash tables so you edit or remove words from your own dictionary at will NNICFAgCaUp Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Misspelled correct file to putin user Dictionary Ignore Next word Previous word Exit review or any other key displays menu ORDER AT NO RISK Check out the manual and if you don t agree that SpellSys is a super bargain just return the package with the disk un opened within 30 days and we ll refund your money SPELLSYS 29 95 ppd in US amp Can Other F
135. Xerox made by Keytronic typewriter keys only 0 05 25 00 ee net an ee f EMERALD MICROWAREJ P O BOX 6118 ALONA OR li oe 642 1860 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October Novenib r 1985 Xerox In Black And White By Anders W Gustafsson I prefer a black on white display to green or amber on black when I m word processing as long as the white is crisp white and the black really black When I sell wordprocessors I tell my customers the Xerox Star is just super because the display is black on white But they say Sounds good but a Star is too expensive What s cheap So I try to sell them the 820 II with low profile keyboard function keys floppies or hard disk WordStar and the works at a fraction of the price of an 860 And the display they ask Then I m caught in a web of trying to explain why a black on white display isn t so desirable To get out of this uncomfortable situation I decided to modify the 820 s display Cheap Logic To make a cheap computer you use cheap parts One way to make a monitor cheaper is to remove parts until it stops working Then put back a few and you have the original El Cheapo monitor A close look at the monitor s printed circuit board PCB revealed a space reserved for addition al circuitry Just inverting the video will turn your display into a mess dark gray characters on a light gray back ground And for no
136. a amp Mexico 22 00 1 yr Other foreign 30 00 Make all orders payable in U S funds on a U S bank please 16 00 ADVERTISING RATES Available on re quest call Alice Holbrow CHANGE OF ADDRESS Please send your old label and new address SOFTWARE HARDWARE AND BOOK VENDORS We would very much like to review your software Single Board and S 100 products Send materials to the Review Department Micro Cornucopia Copyright 1985 by Micro Cornucopia Inc All rights reserved ISSN 0747 587X MICRO CORNUCOPIA Oct Nov 1985 The Micro Technical Journal No 26 ce Ame aT Seriously Last issue I was short in a long sort of way but a lot of people thought I was hilarious I think they re hilar ious too So we re even Some folks really got a belly laugh when I mentioned Ampro s Jumbo Board However Ampro s Rick Lehr baum wasn t chuckling when he called to ask how I had found out about his massive project Actually I made it up but I didn t let on It was so absurd that I shouldn t have been surprised the military might fund such a task Anyway Rick informed me they have a dedicated microwave link so engineers can work at opposite ends of the board without running up large phone bills Good idea Now just so you won t be fooled again be forewarned that practically everything in this editorial is serious The Gap We get
137. able of service routine addresses as shown in Figure 1 Each vectored interrupt slot con tains the ADDRESS of the service routine if one exists Only the rou tines marked with an asterisk are available in the normal 820 although you could add code to support all of them if you wished 3 The CTC PIOs and SIO must be programmed with their respective in terrupt vectors which is the low byte of the starting address Each chip should contain a unique value In the 820 the SIO vector is 00H the CTC vector is 10H the system PIO is 18H and the general PIO is 1CH Note that the addresses of the routines are set in software You could move the entire vectored interrupt table down to FAOOH and the only change required would be to set the Z80 I register to FAH instead of FFH Also the ORDER of the vec tored interrupts in the table has nothing to do with actual priority We could just as easily have the CTC start at 00H followed by the general PIO at 08H the system PIO at 0CH and the SIO at 10H Disaster is waiting if say the PIO and SIO vector slots overlap AND their inter rupts have been enabled As an example let s see what happens when the CTC real time counter interrupts the Z80 The CTC and Z80 are already programmed When an interrupt from the CTC continued on page 25 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 23 HiSpeed C Library A complete and accurate REFERENCE MANUAL
138. acement 135 Watt 135 Boshert XL81 S630R 81 Watts Maximum 5 8A 412 5A 12 1A 39 Store Hours 9 6 M F 9 1 Sat checks 4 00 Minimum UPS charge 1 65 for COD Texas Residents 6 1 8 Sales Tax SAAS TT RAE NEST ES EE OG YT RT A EST EL NIE BEDE AEE EVE SEES LEN EE ETL SEIS EEL A EET LE Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 12 Selecting A Drive Within CP M By Thomas A Geldner Ive just returned from Micro C s SOG IV Technical Conference and true to its title I needed an IV to recover not to mention other bad jokes like getting SOGgy Last issue we learned how to Beep the Bell with BDOS This time we ll log a few drives with BDOS The primary reason to use BDOS calls is to do things a high level language doesn t support Figuring out the currently logged drive is a good example The listings which follow are written for Turbo Pascal Pascal statements end with a semicolon and some have been split onto two lines so they ll fit in the column A Brief Review Last time we used Turbo Pascal s BDOS function 25 19 hex to view the current drive BDOS 19 returns the current drive as 0 for A 1 for B and so forth Adding 41 41 hex turns a 0 into a 41h Char tells Pascal to use the 41h as the letter A var CurrentDrive Char begin CurrentDrive Char Bdos 19 41 Writeln CurrentDrive end Then we can use CurrentDrive as part of
139. acro Assembler for only 95 00 e Manual only is 15 MITEK PO Box 2151 Honolulu HI 96805 DEMO DISK 18 00 sian 12 none up to 500 vendors and 600 invoices mo Try all 5 programs above GL AR AP IN PR Order our DEMO DISK for 18 00 includes ship ping Condensed versions of the programs give you the feel of data entry and access Includes sample reports and instructions Specify machine 125 North First Street Minneapolis MN 55401 continued from page 5 ize the line after the user types it in and returns the address of a string terminated by a binary 0 On exit from BBLINE the HL register pair contains the address of the first character of this string and the A register contains the number of characters in the string If the user doesn t type anything the A register returns with the value 0 and the CPI 0 followed by RZ instructions in lines 24 and 25 terminate the program by returning to the operating system If the line wasn t empty execution continues with the call to PUTCL in line 27 PUTCL accepts the address of a string in HL and stores this string in the ZCPR3 command line buffer so that becomes the next command to execute If the command line resulting from the addition of this string is longer than the command line buffer the command line buffer is left un changed and PUTCL returns with A 0 and the Zero Flag set The RNZ instruction on line 28 retu
140. ainment aspect of his invention He once said Jazz music is the same backward or for ward Think of the computer as a new kind of printing press If it doesn t find an entertainment component it can t sur vive I have the same sickness Edison had because I don t like to use the computer for games The only differ ence between Edison and me is that I realize it I don t think Edison ever realized how badly it hurt him his business at least with the phono graph in not being able to recognize the need for an entertainment compo nent along with the technology Why did the printing press get invented and what might have hap pened to it The reason we had a printing press I think was because of the population growth During the Dark Ages and prior to that when the population of the world was relatively stable you had a cadre of monks who copied Bibles encyclopedias and that was it The Renaissance comes along there s a big growth of the population but Bible copying is a 7 year or 10 year process You put a monk in one end and 10 years or so later a Bible comes out the other end Learning To Read Imagine what it was like learning how to read and write in those days There were no rules of grammar Everyone spelled the way they wanted to and God help you if you came along and told somebody how to spell Imagine walking up to Chaucer in the 1300s and saying Look jerko these double
141. al Tex single board computer has a multiple density disk controller It can E Two Z80 A CTCs Eight Programmable Counters Timers use 1793 or 8877 controller chips since it generates the side signal with TTL parts The The new Ferguson computer has two Z80 A CTCs One is used to clock data into and board has two connectors for disk signals one with 34 pins for 5 25 drives the other out of the Z80 A SIO O while the other is for systems and applications use with 50 pins for 8 drives E Vastly Improved CRT Display E PROM Programming Circuitry The new Cal Tex SBC has circuitry for programming 2716s 2732 A s or pin The new Ferguson SBC uses a 6845 CRT controller and SMC 8002 video attributes c eas programming A p ooir F 7 compatible EEPROMs controller to produce a display rivaling the display of quality terminals There are three display modes Character block graphics and line graphics The board emulates an E CP M 2 2 PEST WENES lines ol S0 Characters forined Dy A 7x8 dot matrix CP M with Russell Smith s CBIOS for the new Cal Tex computer is available for 150 E STD Bus The CBIOS is available separately for 25 The new Ferguson computer has an STD Bus port for easy system expansion E DMA The new Ferguson computer has a Z80 A DMA chip that will allow byte wise data transfers at 500 KBytes per second and bit serial transfers via the Z80 A SIO at 880 Kbits per second with minimal processer overhead When a hard disc subsys
142. all IBM PCs prior to running application pro grams And it came to pass that this was called booting the computer I m not Crazy about the term but everyone does it The full DOS manual from Microsoft is in cluded There is complete software for the multi function card that allows you to partition youl memory into RAM disks and a printer uffer Perhaps you ve heard about Sidekick from A Kahn at Borland Infoworld voted it the Software Product of the Year Well it s good code but I m not including it with the Turbo 640 What am including is a prod uct that like better has essentially the same functions but in my opinion is easier to use PopUps from Bellsoft Regardiess of how deep into your spreadsheet data base or master s thesis revisions you might be two key strokes will put a note pad calculator or any of 5 other utilities on your screen Make notes perform calcula tions set an alarm check your calendar or perform DOS functions When you re finished just hit the escape key the Pop Ups disappear from the screen and your back into your program This is the PopUp Deskset from Bellsoft it s potent software and it s part of the PS Turbo 640 system If you re ready for this kind of computing then the PS Turbo 640 is the machine you need Call me with your American Express card number or mail me a cashier s check will personally see to it that a Turbo 640 is shipped to you via UPS the next business
143. and contains micro code or subroutines for such func tions as integer and floating point arithmetic The MCU is remarkably like an LSIJI 11 23 having a set of registers symmetric addressing modes and 64K of memory FORTH in a natural language for this system It is compact so most applications will reside entirely in the MCU The processor array will be used as another stack where arrays of continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 67 FORTHwords continued from page 67 FORTH can be used in the laboratory The module uses an ADC80 A D converter capable of a 12 bit conver sion in 25 microseconds a precision instrumentation amplifier gains of 1 and 10 and a high accuracy sample hold circuit The module can handle 16 single ended 0 2 5V or 0 5V or 8 differential 2 5V or 5V inputs Manuals The Qua Tech manuals are pretty minimal They include board switch settings but no schematics You can get assembly language interfacing information from the com pany but the manuals assume that you are using the LabStar data ac quisition language included with the package Using The Interface Before using the A D converter you must initialize the 8255 to use ports A and B for input and port C for output To acquire an A D sample 1 Select the channel to be sampled by sending the channel code to port C 2 Start conversion by pulsing 0 1 0 bit C4 3 Either en
144. and controls multiple master catalogs working catalog used for update quickness Nine flexible modules easily altered by user for custom requirements Works with Z shells VMENU VFILER MENU aliases and multiple commands perle ahaa bos SOS a owe Saw eis Ve eH Pee ES ey Oe eee ee 39 99 ZCPR3 The Manual Bound 350 pages typeset book describes features of ZCPR3 command processor how it works how to install and detailed command usage Bible to Understand Z SYstenl icc s dv cce diced ee ce leek bia beware ceee Serco ete atee 19 95 ZCPR3 and 1 OPS Loose leaf book 50 pages 8 1 2 by 11 describes ins and outs of input output processing using Z System Shows how to modify your BIOS to include I O redirection complements The Manual ccc cece cece ccc ceeeeeeece 9 95 More missing links found Z Application Progams Fly with eagles Our programs promote high performance through flexibility Productivity results from dynamically changeable work environments matching operator to tasks and machines Above programs require 48K byte memory ZCPR3 Z Com or Z System and Z80 NSC800 HD64180 based computer Shipping from stock State desired disk format plus two acceptable alternatives As payment we accept Visa Mastercard personal checks money orders and purchase orders from established companies We also ship UPS COD Call or write to place order or to obtain literature i Echelon Ime 101FirstStreet e Suite427
145. and long before the invention of digital electronics George Boole an English mathemati cian invented a deductive system for writing complicated combinations of logical or True False statements His eighteenth century logic turned out to be very useful for representing deci sion making logic gates in computers No he couldn t have known Basically in Boolean we set up relationships based on the Truth or Falsehood of statements Three of _ these Boolean equations are AND OR and NOT and they re used for representation throughout your com _ puter For example if A and B are state ments then If A AND B are TRUE C is TRUE is an AND equation and If A OR B is TRUE C is TRUE isan OR equation and If B is NOT TRUE C is TRUE is a NOT equation inversion A computer has two ways of dealing with bits pieces of data It can AND OR or invert bits inside the processor software or it can use gates hard ware Imagine that A and B are input wires carrying high or low voltages A high input true is normally between 3 5 and 5V A low input false is normally between 0 and 1 5V An input between 1 5 and 3 5V is usually undefined You know the old computer rhyme When it s up it s true And when it s down it s false And when it s neither up nor down It s neither true nor false We can construct three simple gates AND OR and invertor and build a network of them s
146. and print files at the same time Doesn t slow down system response DUMPX DU 77 COMPARE SUPERSUB FORMFEED DIRDUMP and all have documentation on disk ADVENTURE This disk contains one 191K game Adventure ADV COM This is the latest greatest most cussed adventure ever devised by half mortals 550 point version so the cave is greatly expanded and the creatures are much smarter LIBRARY amp CHECKBOOK PROGRAMS CHECKS A very popular group of programs Categorizes checks so you can keep track of which are tax deductible and which get charged to which projects Includes source and example check files Very powerful LIBR A complete set of library routines which tet you group files into a single file called a tibrary Then CP M sees them as a single file but with the library routines you can list them out separately run them separately or divide them up again Almost like a UNIX environment DISPLAY VLIST PGLST Additional screen and print utilities SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS Just as we finished editing the routines on this disk we received a copy of KayPro s diagnostic disk The memory test and drive exercise routines on this disk are more powerful than KayPro s versions Plus it s only 12 Setup for KayPro Ii amp 4 SBASIC ROUTINES amp SCREEN DUMP SBASIC Finally a disk of SBASIC software Good examples of structured programming including one program written both ways so you can see the difference SCREEN DUMP For ail
147. and uses standard Micro C Staff DRAMs instead of SIPs The Little Board 186 is of course _ based on an 8MHz 80186 It comes standard with 128K of RAM 512K as an option two serial ports a Centron ics parallel port a connector for 5 floppies and an SCSI master slave bus for networking and connecting winchester drives It doesn t have built in video though so you ll have to connect it to a serial terminal On the software side the Little Board 186 will boot standard PC DOS and run most generic MS DOS soft ware compilers etc but won t run IBM specific programs like Lotus etc They have a Z80 emulator running under PC DOS that may come with the board but don t quote me on that Ampro is also working on networking software for connecting multiple 186 and Z80 Little Board systems It Slices It Dices Slicer Computers also showed up in force at the SOG Besides the new 1 Meg expansion board and Concurrent CP M they had some industrial strength controllers based on the 80186 Interfacing To The Real World I had a chance to see Slicer s controllers when I was in Minneapolis recently and I was extremely im pressed They have a system with multiple 80186 CPUs running Concur rent CP M One board handles switch ing and external interrupts the PIC or Peripheral Interrupt Controller while another controls machine arm movement in six axes the MAC or Machine Arm Controller
148. aphics screen the x and y distances aren t the same You get a rounder circle if you multiply the x coordinates by 10 3 Filling In We can use our screen arrays to check the status on or off at any set of coordinates Let s suppose we re playing a game and we need to know whether a ball hits a wall We just check the screen array at those coordinates If the block is On we know it s occupied by a wall Or if we want to fill a screen we start at some point and look around it If the surrounding points aren t On we turn them On and store them for later use If they are On filled we ve hit a wall See Figure 5 Saving Memory We can save some memory by altering four primitives Turbo compiles Boolean True False variables to occupy one byte of memo ry Since they re only going to be true or false we could actually make do with one bit 82 Until Abs ty2 ty1 lt 0 5 and APS eneoex S008 Figure 3 Procedures On and Off Const miny 0 maxy 99 minx 0 maxx 159 Procedure On y x Integer Begin screen y x True Write Chr 27 Chr 32 y Chr 32 x End ww Compute distance mn fim Calculate slopes own a Calculate slopes Procedure Off y x Integer Begin sereenlLy x False Write Chr 27 Chr 32 y Chr 32 x End com Draw first point Add slopes Draw next point ea ran we ba Loop until there Figure
149. are worthless I wanted to be able to run real compilers like Turbo to use my The Intelligent Computer Users Group P O Box 10118 e Rochester NY 14610 716 425 2519 IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines MS DOS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Incorporated Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Accelerator Advanced CPU for the IBM PC e Faster Program Execution e Full 8088 6 Compatibility favorite editor Vedit and not play games with tiny amounts of memory I also wanted battery operation for easy note taking and I wanted a 25 by 80 screen I had assumed I d get all that in a CP M machine I didn t get it However this system runs so much like a CP M system since I m running MS DOS versions of the same soft ware that it s very easy to forget I m really running under an alien power There is no question in my mind that this is the best thing Kaypro has done since releasing the first Kay comp The 2000 is definitely going to spend a good deal of time in my lap I wonder if it knows how to type Kaypro seems to be getting its act together in terms of product support They called me about the upgrades to the 2000 They charge for some of the upgrades but the charges are very reasonable Upgrades include 1 Increase to 840K of RAM 2 Low power key board 3 A SideKick type program and
150. are flush Using the art of hand wave soldering you can solder the other pins in minutes Now add the remaining parts plug in the board and away you go into the ozone Well that s what happened to me You see I didn t really read the instructions which clearly specify that the board MUST be initialized on power on so that the four logical banks are mapped into different phys ical banks of which there are 16 16x16K 256K Once I modified my ROM to initialize the board and resolved a couple other items like a cold solder joint then the RAMcard took off If you have never had a RAM disk you don t know what you re missing Answer speed Z80 Interrupts The last time I talked about the Z80 family I discussed the CTC chip This time I m going to discuss interrupts as they are used on the Xerox 820 both I and II An interrupt is a combination of hardware and software which makes the Z80 appear to do several things simultaneously Appear is an im portant point as the Z80 really only does one thing at a time Let s take a look at the Xerox 820 where the keyboard and real time clock have interrupt routines Under normal operation the Z80 chip is sequentially executing code say compiling your favorite Startrek program When the system PIO de tects a keypress it pulls down on the Z80 s interrupt line Immediately af ter completing the current instruction the Z80 responds to the inte
151. at human beings I think I d decide they were redundant And if I ever needed to find out the way they did anything I could just get a movie out and run it and that s the way I d find out Why put up with humans I don t want something like that Machines computers are very user unfriendly The UNIX operating sys tem has been described as user hos tile dBASE II is certainly user hos tile If I d had something that could have temporarily maimed the author s leg for a week or two when I first started on dBASE II I would have used it a7 Hardware Solutions To get a proper perspective of the computer business imagine a fence It s tall On one side are hardware makers and on the other side is a wild area with animals you don t want to get near Now we make hardware and we throw it over the big fence and we look to see where the animals gather We aren t interested and don t have the slightest idea how they re to use our hardware We re throwing them solutions We have 17 solutions here and we hope to God there are people around who can take these solutions and put them with problems Remem ber our business is not solving prob lems it s selling solutions And we don t know what solution we re sell ing Reading Writing And Printing So I asked myself Is there some thing as user unfriendly and basically unfamiliar to human experience as the computer How about reading and writ
152. ation e CP M Version 2 2 Compatible e Accelerator Compatible 79 95 intelligent computer users _ the i T group CP EM CP M 80 Emulation for MS DOS Serial Program Utilities Included e FAST Written in Assembly Language recheck your work If the test didn t happen at all the screen stayed blank try resetting your board with the white insulated stick that came taped inside the unit There is a small reset hole near the right front under neath the cabinet 23 If everything went fine discon nect the power and install the screw in the rear right hand corner I forgot this one my first time Then install the spacers the black plastic cover the disk drive able the metal cover and drive Plug in the RS 232 connec tor then the power connector Make sure the keyboard interface looks like a telephone jack is reinstalled in its slot and then mount the plastic disk holder cover in place remember that the plastic fingers must fit into slots in the back of the cabinet Now you ve done it If it didn t work it won t be the first time Kaypro has been getting quite a few systems that have been zapped by dealers However if you took your time and stayed away from rugs and such you should find it s just a matter of plug and go And the going s great Finally So far this is the kind of system I ve been waiting for I wanted at least one disk drive cassettes
153. ay The arrays have to be tested separately because the lower one doesn t always make good contact But you don t need to use the special sockets and we won t for our mod We ll use standard dual in line 256K packages like the RAM that comes on the 1 megabyte board The 256K board uses 64K packages __ Definicon will likely use single in line memory packages requiring spe cial sockets similar to those used in PC Tech s Project X 80186 based PC compatible for future memory expan sions This RAM has staggered teeth and is very expensive but will allow you to add a lot of memory maybe 8 megabytes to the DSI 32 But for now let s stick to standard dual in line and 2 megabytes From 256K To 1 Megabyte If you started with 256K you ll have to upgrade first to 1 megabyte Just reconfigure the JB1 jumper for 1 megabyte see Figure 1 and replace those 64K RAMs with 256K RAMs You can buy 256K 150ns dynamic RAM for a little over 3 each a _ bargain from Microprocessors Unlim ited That s it You should now have access to a megabyte From 1 To 2 Megabytes To go from 1 to 2 megabytes you ll need to work a little harder First buy another megabyte of RAM and then solder your new 1 megabyte array of chips to the lower array See Figure 2 All the pins are common except for pin 4 the RAS line Bend out pin 4 and jumper run a wire from pin 4 down to the hole in the circuit boar
154. better choice and when the Slicer is better Dean replied that the Slicer is much better suited to multi user and multi tasking systems the X 16 is better for someone who wants 100 IBM com patibility Slicer PC Board Compatibility About compatibility people con stantly ask what will run on the Slicer PC board and what won t Just for reference Lotus Vedit and Turbo Pascal IBM version run just fine Framework and Symphony don t The problem with these two is that they re copy protected and the copy protec tion scheme tries to access the disk directly Since the Slicer disk hard ware isn t the same it won t run Basically programs that only need the IBM video will run copy protect ed software will not e 128 K PRINT BUFFER e CENTRONICS OR SERIAL INPUT OUTPUT e MULTIPLE PROTOCOLS e 5 X 712 INCH BOARD e 5 Volts at 75 Amp 12 Volts at 1 Amp The L BAND SYSTEMS hardware spooler is a Z80 based unit that provides a 128 K byte buffer and interface conversion between Cen tronics and serial Input and output may be either parallel or serial at various baud rates and with several protocols Multiple copy and single sheet feed are supported BARE BOARD with EPROM 2732 and program listings 39 95 DISK with program source 8 inch SSSD MINI KIT board EPROM headers crystals less disk PARTIAL KIT all parts EXCEPT RAMS ASSEMBLED and TESTED BOARD 128 K WALL MOUNT POWER SUPPLY
155. board the X 16 has a completely compatible IBM graphics section it ran flight simulator The graphics section has its own clock so it can simulate i e run just as slow as an IBM On its own the 80186 zips along at 8 or 10MHz The X 16 also has IBM compatible board slots You can t use all the features of the 186 if you re going to be completely PC compatible so the X 16 won t be quite as fast as the Slicer But it is faster than a PC 80186 Based Little Board The Ampro 80186 based little board shares two things with its Z80 cousin it s the size of a 5 drive and has no video section on board You run it from a separate terminal so it doesn t ae Ag we cae ar pretend to be compatible with soft ware that uses the PC graphics Both their Little Board 186 and their Z80 Little Board Plus have SCSIs small computer system inter faces on board Ampro is promoting the SCSI as the general purpose way to connect their boards to winches ters PIOs remote floppy controllers up to 64 devices that need to talk toa Little Board DSI 32 This screamer is absolutely incredi ble see issue 25 All I can say is the only way you re going to have a faster system is to put a proximity detector on your return key That way you ll get the answer before your finger hits ENTER Run time of 05 seconds The DSI system makes a lot of sense because it runs under MS DOS Thus you can run all the
156. buffer and was reading and writing to the address of the structure buffer 20 which contained the array pointer at its very beginning Every write wiped out my index Talk about random access It was a matter of stupid naming Doesn t everyone always write to buffers If I had named the structure sam and the array sam buffer I d have had time to go motorcycle riding on Sunday after noon Slow Down With The Word Processor The Kaypro surrendered The Ze nith still had the nasty habit of saving the contents of the previous file and adding it to the current file That seemed easy Obviously I was using some append mode for file opening Consulted Peter Norton Switched mode codes In desperation erased files from DOS Changed disks Took a shower Filled the tub Ran off hardcopy and returned to the tub After getting thoroughly wrinkled looked at the code and saw that the Figure 1 In and Out and Set Serial Routines char inb b char b asm POP H POP B PUSH B PUSH H MVI H 0 DB OEDH 06 8H endasm outb b port char b port asm POP POP sport into C POP char into E PUSH PUSH PUSH line initializing the buffer pointer to zero had gotten itself erased while I was slinging about wild alternatives during my last agony Start the array at zero and the file size at least has a chance of coming out right Song Of The Man And so on and so on If I had time I d tell
157. c crue while probably not as profound as everybody learning how to read and write still are quite considerable Then I asked myself Is there any force today like the church was then that could force everybody to read and write Now maybe I m wrong here but I have the right to play with it I think were going to turn into a completely subservient debtor nation if things go on the way they are economically We are no longer able to economically compete with the rest of the world Our technology s all gone We don t produce things as well or as fast as other people do in any area and the few areas that are left are rapidly disappearing We rely on our economic growth from foreign capital right now The deficit is so huge that if we didn t have a lot of foreign capital we would not have the excess money to finance the economic growth necessary to fuel the growth of the population and new jobs If we were to completely automate our entire industry top to bottom north to south east to west then I think we would enjoy productivity How could you have any productivity advantage over a machine that runs well Machines do work better than humans The Future Of Computing The upshot is that I don t see the computer industry doing all that well now because I think we re at the first wall of the printing press The vast movement of the computer industry isn t over except it s over for guys like
158. can Philips Company parts get the care they need and deserve START performs the 0 1 0 pulse on bit C4 to start the A D conversion WAIT waits on bit B7 This bit is normally low when a conversion starts the bit goes high then it returns low when the conversion is completed The routine might never return to Ee Each Philips ECG Computer Care Kit contains magnetic tape transport and disk drive head cleaner floppy disk head cleaner computer terminal screen cleaner lint free wipes cleaning swabs jet air duster anti static spray and glass and enclosure cleaner Everything you need to clean up with Call 1 800 225 8326 For nearest purchase location 68 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 caller if there is an incorrect calling sequence missing or malfunctioning A D converter You should consider an escape route out of WAIT in case of an error but an escape adds time to the conversion I added a 7 TERMINAL escape for debugging but removed it in the final product FETCH reads ports A and B combines the data value and converts it to normal binary format Since ports A and B are contiguous and since the IBM PC uses an 8 bit bus you could perform a 16 bit I O fetch I don t think this trick would work on a 4 MHZ ON YOUR Z80 IS LIKE DRIVING 40 ON THE FREEWAY GO 60 INSTEAD SERVO 8 HIGH PERFORMANCE 6 MHZ SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER 6 MHZ Z80B CPU R
159. cation engineer told me that this was a special by AMD to attract design ers There are no details of an equiva lent Intel step version I estimated that the price was about 10 of normal list price so I bought one plugged it into the Slicer changed the CPU crystal to 20 MHz and it works There seem to be a few problems that could trip up others trying the same upgrade 1 Obtaining the part for a good price This offer will not last forever and might be restricted to the U K or Europe 2 Having fast enough memory to work with the CPU Nominal memory speed needed is 120 ns although I am using 150 ns chips Also I suspect that some TMS4500s will not work at this speed since there seem to be several variants _of the chip Finally the Z28530 comms chip on the expansion board runs at half the CPU speed and you will need the Z8530A part if this is fitted Other chips may cause a problem but the CPU clock is not used else where so this is less likely and could be cured by adding extra wait states on the chip select programming This upgrade is obviously of most use to people running CPU bound programs such as large compilers graphics programs etc Also Concur rent CPM DOS would benefit The only times I notice the speed improve ment are when running CP M2 2 Ad venture using an 8080 emulator or when compiling large 1000 line C programs Stephen Hope 16 Lakeside Littleborough Rochdale Lancashire U
160. ce the standard type integer type integer 0 255 this is equiv alent to some compilers type BYTE Compare the procedure headings for MOVE__PARTY and BATTLE The presence of the VAR prefix for BAT TLE s parameter list indicates to the compiler that these variables are to be passed by address and can thus be modified by the procedure If the VAR prefix is absent parameters are passed by value They can be used and modified by the procedure but any modifications will be local to the procedure Function DICE__ROLL uses the parameter NUMBER as a loop counter and when executed will decrement its value to zero Only the local copy of this variable will be modified As a general rule it s wise to avoid modifying non local variables directly in a procedure If a global variable is to be updated by a procedure it should be passed as a VAR parame ter Functions should never modify global variables Everything going into a function should be in the parameter list when it s called and only one value should be returned the value of the function Side Effects Modification of a global value by a procedure is called a side effect In some cases it is what was intended by the programmer and will not be harmful But careless side effects can cause bizarre and unexpected results If you re in the habit of using inscru table variable names like X I and Z I m guilty of it to a certain extent and forget to
161. ch MSDOS TM Micrasolt ISIS TM Intel Corp Western Wares 303 327 4898 Box C Norwood CO 81423 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 PROGRAMMER 4 E ok A LOW COST ALTERNATIVE TO EPROM PROGRAMMING Reads and programs 2716 2732 2764 and 27128 EPROMS Reads 2 16K ROMS Direct connect to any RS232C terminal or computer Plug selectable as either a data set or data terminal All voltages made on board no power supplies needed User supplies power Xformer 25 2 to 30 VAC C T 1 Amp Power electronically switched can t damage EPROMS Zero insertion force socket for EPROM Programs verifies and dumps in both ASCII and hex Edit buffer like DDT Saves hex and or image files to and from disk Saves or loads all or partial buffer Completely menu driven for ease of operation Commands of Test Read Display Save Load Program and more Check sum calculation All software on disk including well commented source code Detailed owners manual including schematic All chips socketed Not a kit Completely built and tested 48 hour dynamic burn in and test before shipment 90 day limited warranty on parts and workmanship 24 hour return policy on repairs Delivery from stock PROGRAMMER 4 WITH OWNERS MANUAL AND DISK 199 95 MS DOS DISK ONLY 15 00 oneto OPErIPACO C1 NU 1659 Scott Blvd Suite 1 dO Santa Clara CA 95050 408 354 5084 VISA and MASTERCARD telepho
162. ch the programmer never sees Loose coupling is expensive each routine in the libraries is a little larger by a few bytes and requires more stack space than a routine which doesn t adhere to these rules But it s worth it Programming With Libraries Listing 2 illustrates programming with libraries A user types a command into the command line buffer of ZCPR3 for later execution The command line gets inserted in front of whatever commands are already in the buffer If this program is named L2 then the command line ECHO HELLO L2 ECHO DONE results in the execution of whatever text the user typed during the run of L2 The routine needs the address of the ZCPR8 Environment Descriptor It s defined in line 5 and made available in lines 16 and 17 through the call to Z3INIT The routine PUTCL lines 9 and 27 from Z3LIB will use this information later in Listing 2 The prompt Enter Your Command is printed by lines 19 and 20 PRINT comes from SYSLIB and it displays the string terminated by a binary 0 on the console PRINT affects no registers and has no side effects The routine BBLINE from SYS LIB lines 22 to 25 inputs a line from the user lines 22 and 25 BBLINE accepts a capitalization flag in the A register as input A OF FH to capital continued on page 8 CP M MS DOS EPROM 2708 2158 2516 2716 2732 2764 STAND ALONE BOAR USES 24 VOLT XFMR FOR POW NO PBRSONALITY MODULES
163. chase of any Utility Base Conversion Utility decimal to binary to hexadecimal to RAD50 All 4 Utilities 79 95 70 Rolland Management Systems Inc Rt 5 Box 135 Laurinburg N C 28352 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Mastercard or Visa call 919 276 6070 CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Ins Figure 1 FORTH Screens SCR WAONAMNFWHhH o 1 HEX Elementary A D functions 0817 85AAH 300 CONSTANT PORTA first port of A D PORTA 14 CONSTANT PORTB PORTB 1 CONSTANT PORTC PORTC 1 CONSTANT PORTD VARIABLE CHAN where channel select will be stored INIT initialize 8255 92 PORTD I0C START pulse bit C4 to start A D CHAN DUP 10 OR PORTC IOC PORTC IOC WAIT wait for end of conversion BEGIN PORTB IOC 80 AND O UNTIL COB gt BIN ni n2 convert COB to binary NOT 800 XOR OFFF AND DECIMAL gt 2 HEX fetch a d data FETCH n read A D convert PORTA IOC PORTB IOC BSWAP COB gt BIN A D chan data read a d DUP CHAN PORTC IOC START WAIT FETCH 081585AAH FASTER chan data combined DUP 10 OR PORTC IOC PORTC IOC BEGIN PORTB I0C 80 AND O UNTIL PORTA IOC PORTB IOC BSWAP NOT 800 XOR OFFF AND DECIMAL gt 3 HEX code word form 081585AAH CODE FASTEST chan data fetch and convert AX POP channel number PORTC DX MOV necessary cuz of 8088 10 AL OR AL DX O
164. com panying photo The second problem was a failure of the printer interface Suddenly my printer would go wild repeatedly printing the same character until switched off If switched back on the problem was still there and only a hardware reset of the Kaypro would help The character was always the last character that had been sent to the printer I discovered that the printer strobe line was floating and a cold solder joint was to blame I m really glad I bought that schematic last year or my printer interface wouldn t be working today Dr Michael W D Liddle Doctors Residence Hope Hospital Eccles Old Road Salford M6 8HD Great Britain TECHNICAL TIPS Adapting A Parallel Printer If someone gives you a parallel printer with a built in auto line feed don t throw it away Instead build yourself a little black box to eliminate the unwanted extra signal This particular printer is a Wang 2221W It is a heavy duty 150 cps dedicated dot matrix printer Wang BASIC was used to control the line feed but I don t use Wang BASIC The solution to the problem is applica ble to any parallel machine I used a perforated board to mount a 2716 EPROM a 74LS244 and a single pole double throw switch Program the EPROM so that the address equals ASCII i e address 41H contains the value 41H address 42H contains 42H The only excep tion to this is that address OA line feed should contain a 00H nu
165. compatible monochrome video Video memory provides 4 pages of text or special graphics capability 2 IBM type card slots tor color video I O expansion etc IBM type keyboard port Fully assembled and tested only SSS SLICER COMPUTERS INC SLICER 2543 Marshall Street N E Minneapolis MN 55418 612 788 9481 The New 1 Megabyte System Expansion Board FOR EXPANDED MEMORY ADDITIONAL PORTS AND REAL TIME CLOCK e 1 MB additional dynamic RAM wm 2 RS232C asynchronous ports with baud rates to 38 4K for serial communication s 2 additional serial ports for asynchronous RS232C or synchronous communication Zilog 8530 SCC a Real Time Clock with battery backup for continuous timekeeping w Centronics type parallel printer port Fully assembled and tested only SLICER 1 MEG EXPANSION COMBO The Slicer without RAM or RAM controller parts with full 1MB system expansion Kit form only The SLICER DOS Kit includes Bare Board CPU and choice of MS DOS or CP M 86 The SLICER Enclosure System alone with 135W Power Supply with 135W Power Supply and 2 80 track 5 1 4 Disk Drives PC Compatible Keyboard PC Compatible Amber Monitor 10MB formatted 5 1 4 Half Height Hard Disk Western Digital 1002 SHD Hard Disk Controller assembled and tested 8087 Math Co Processor Board bare kit form 8 MHz Intel 80186 C Step CPU Check the SLICER Bulletin Board 300 1200 baud at 612 788 5909 for complete set of manuals and access
166. d next to pin 4 for the RAS for the upper array of RAM That s all without any other changes your board will contain 2 megabytes From 6 To 8MHz If you have the DSI 32 starter kit 256K RAM and slower 6MHz clock you ll be pleased to learn the 32032 CPU on board will probably run comfortably at 8MHz The problem with speeding up your 6MHz board lies in the FPU Floating Point Unit not the CPU If the FPU will run faster many will then you re off to Micro C Staff the races Just change the 12MHz system crystal to 16 MHz and you have 8 MHz It s a cheap 2MHz upgrade and most of the current 32032s rated at 6MHz will run faster as high as 9MHz according to the Definicon group George Scolaro who wrote the DSI 32 assembler and linker says he s run the 10 MHz 32032 at 11MHz but he doesn t depend on it Wrap Up If all goes well and you haven t soldered your fingernails together you ve got an 8 or of course 10 MHz 32 bit CPU and 2 megabytes of memory if you started out with 6 MHz you ve got 2MHz and 1 75 megabytes more power than you had when you started and it only cost you about 150 a lot less than list a UTZ AA Aine ps u aaa ong rsszoneo 0 0 y overcome 0 es JBI Figure 1 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 51 SOG IV By David Thompson It s easy to write about the SOG but it s hard to do it justice A lot of folk
167. d everything works This changes the backspace function so it prints bidirectionally I pass this along so that perhaps I can save someone the hours of frustration I experienced Don Hotson 26 Sutters Mill Court Walnut Creek CA 94596 Video Graphics Boards Last January I purchased your Pro Set II and have been very happy with improved performance of both the Pro Monitor II and Pro Character II ROM chips I am considering adding a video graphics board as an upgrade to my Kaypro II which also has had an SWP Co Power 88 board added and was wondering if you might make a board of this type or could recommend a board which is compatible with the Pro Set II ROM chips My Kaypro II was purchased in May 1983 and is S N 30551 I am also investigating the various Z80 CPU speed up kits available and wondered if you had a recommenda tion which would be compatible with the Pro Set IT John J Mojonnier Jr 232 N Ridgeland Oak Park IL 60302 Editor s note The Gilderfluke board gives you VT 52 black and white block graphics emulation on a Kaypro II or 4 83 but I don t think there is room for that board and your 88 unit If you want color graphics and LOGO you might contact MicroSphere here in Bend see their ad in this issue As for a speed up you can do it yourself with a couple pieces of wire a switch and a Z80B Your monitor ROM will already run at 5MHz If you don t feel comfortable doing a little jumpering M
168. d in Alternative Power Supply For The Kaypro issue 24 page 42 is not suitable for the use intended The 12 and the 12 volt regulators will not regulate because the lead acid cell batteries will not afford sufficient source voltage even when the batter ies are at full charge The positive 3 terminal regulators typically have a dropout voltage of 2 0 to 2 5 78H12A 12V 5A so the source voltage must be a minimum of 12 2 0 14V at a 5A load Negative 3 terminal regulators 7912 12V 1 5A for example have a dropout voltage of 1 1 volts at 1A so a source voltage of 12 1 1 138 1 minimum is required A lead acid cell for auto service will have a cell voltage that is closely given by S G 84 volts where S G specific gravity is 1 260 in auto service and this gives 2 1 volts cell at full charge A 6 cell battery 12 volt is thus 12 6 volts at full charge This is not sufficient for either a positive or negative 3 terminal regulator at any load The cell will have a voltage of 1 75 at full discharge or 10 5 volts for a 6 cell battery The 11 volt output reported by Mr Torney for his 12 regulator indi cates that it is not regulating since 3 terminal regulators typically will have a combined line and load regulation of 50 mV There is no point in regulating the or 12 battery supplied voltage in any event IC devices requiring 12 volt supply voltage specify 12V or 10 or arange of 10 8 to 13
169. d search path various system segments RCP FCP IOP NDR ENV and Z8T command line buffer message buffer and the external FCB 2 Location and size of the shell stack which makes shells like VFI LER and MENU possible 3 Address of the wheel byte used to determine if a user is privileged 4 Processor speed used for soft Listing 1 Structure of the ZCPR3 Environment Descriptor 6300 Round Rock Apt 3008 Plano TX 75023 ware timing loops 5 Maximum disk and user area that can be accessed 6 Dimensions of the CRT and printer All of the buffers in the Z3ENV are at fixed offsets from the beginning of the Z3ENV in all ZCPR3 systems no matter which computer it s installed on So by knowing only the base address of the Z3ENV you can access a particular item of data in the Z3ENV by adding a fixed offset Listing 1 shows an Environment Descriptor and all of the offsets to its buffers ZCPR3 Libraries ZCPR3 was designed for program mers who frequently reuse functions and need to remember offsets and buffer contents Z3LIB is a large collection of these frequently used subroutines All Z3LIB subroutines are precisely documented in terms of function input parameters output parameters and side effects All documentation on Z3LIB is available via HLP files which can be scanned by the ZCPR3 CRT SELECTION O CRT 0 1 CRT 1 PRINTER SELECTION N PRINTER N WIDTH OF CRT 0 NUMBER OF LINES ON CRT 0 NUMBE
170. day Open up the box plug the monitor and the keyboard into the computer then plug the computer into the wall socket Turn the computer and monitor on stick in any software designed to run on the IBM PC and go to work No chips to put in backwards no little multicolored wires to push onto the wrong connector and no switches to set If the PS Turbo 640 doesn t perform like I ve said it will then return it to me Just put one copy of your invoice in the box and send it back will make sure that credit is issued on your credit card or a cashier s check is mailed out to you the same busi ness day that we receive the unit I ve told you quite a bit about what you get when you buy the Turbo 640 now let me tell about something you won t get You won t get put on hold if you have occasion to call the technical support division num ber That s because there isn t a technical support number Once the machine is onit looks like acts like and runs like a properly configured IBM PC just a little faster This is the part where have to get a little tough I ve sold you what feel is the ideal configuration of an IBM type PC You have gotten the absolute best buy for your money on earth can not however learn how to use it for you Follow the directions in the book remember that no matter how much you pay for your software it s prob ably not perfect and most of all don t give up whatever time it takes to get proficient at you
171. display input of user s command and setup of command line lines 128 150 Lines 52 53 establish the address of the ZCPR3 Environment Descriptor for use by the Z3LIB and VLIB routines The routine Z3VINIT as opposed to Z3INIT is used so that the VLIB routines will be able to function as well as the Z3LIB rou tines The shell stack is required for this program it s an option in any ZCPR3 29 VLIB routines 30 ext 1 Sample ZCPR3 System Program to function as a shell 31 ext 23 accepting commands from the user and executing then 32 ext 3 Once a command completes control is returned to 33 4 5 this program since it is a shell and the next 34 Z3LIB routines 6 command is entered 35 ext 6 6 t 7 Execution of this shell is halted by issuing a oe ae SHCTRL POP k 9 38 ext 10 Address of the ZCPR3 Environment Descriptor i 39 ext 11 z3env equ Of400h 40 ext 12 41 ext 13 VLIB highlighting control codes 42 ext 14 dim equ 1 jbegin standout mode 43 ext jend standout mode aus 45 Code begins installation so lines 57 61 determine if the shell stack is available The routine GETSH1 returns with register A 0 and the Zero Flag set if there s no shell stack The ZCPR3 message buffer option is also required for this program so lines 66 70 test for the presence of the message buffer GETMSG returns with register A 0 and the Zero Flag set if there s no message buffer
172. drives he uses are the Mitsubishis Accord ing to his exhaustive tests he didn t sound exhausted but one never knows these units outperform all others He gets his Mitsus from Memory Marketing 714 492 7745 Tell them you heard about them in Micro C Who knows maybe they ll advertise And then again maybe they won t KIPS Clipped Those of you who have read the ads in Profiles during 1983 and 1984 should recognize the name KIPS I saw them at the West Coast Comput continued on page 93 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 91 Goodies From Micro Cornuco BB I BB II and XEROX 820 USERS DISKS _ The following are full 8 disks of software Each program has a DOC 8 documentation file and many come with source USERS DISK 1 1 Two fast disk copiers 4 Two disk formatters 2 The manual for Small C 5 Modem 7 3 Crowe Z80 Assembler 6 Othello 7 Serial print routine Port B USERS DISK 2 1 Two single disk drive copy programs both with source 2 Crowe Z80 Assembler source 3 New Crowe COM file debugged version 4 New CBIOS with parallel print driver amp other extensions for CP M 1 4 amp 2 2 5 Disk mapper with source USERS DISK 3 1 EPROM burning software for BB 1 2 Reset bit 7 unWordStar a file 3 Disk file CRC checker 4 New fast copy program amp source 5 DU77 disk inspector editor 6 FINDBAD isolates bad disk sectors 7 Print fancy page headings USERS DISK 4
173. ds Comes complete with cabinet cables software and connectors TLCLOGO for Kaypro Computers Easy and exciting language for all ages TLC LOGO is an exceptionally complete logo with vectors multiple turtles full floating point decimals and extremely fast program execution TWO versions offered STANDARD version using only internal graphics of Kaypro 2 84 4 84 2X and 10 no hardware additions or modifications are required 16 000 pixel resolution DELUXE version for all Kaypro Computers that have the Micro Sphere Color Graphics board Features 16 colors 32 sprites 49 000 pixel resolution and utilities such as screen dump to printer or disk Time comparison of 3 common Logo programs currently offered DRLOGO TLCLOGO Apple LOGO 320k IBM PC 64k Z80 64k Apple Ie Circle test 10 seconds 3 seconds 22 seconds PolySpiral1 17 4 11 PolySpiral2 out of stack 7 out of stack Square Test 27 10 41 Four Bugs 78 6 N A req 4 turtles Times provided by The Lisp Company note out of stack indicates inadequate implementation of tail recursion DR LOGO is copyright Digital Research Company Apple Logo is copyright Apple Computer Company and TLC Logo is ae yright the Lisp Company Standard Version of TLC L Ai j Deluxe Version of TLC Lea Special Color Board and Deluxe TLC Logo A NEW DIMENSION FOR KAYPRO COMPUTERS Color Graphics Board Features 16 colors 32 sprites 256x192 bit mapped graphics 16K of RAM on the colo
174. e Turbo s lt o gt ptions menu provides the solution Select a lt s gt tart ad dress higher than your banked RAM s ceiling 4000 on a Kaypro Result ant code starts there above bank switching and is safe unless the Turbo library is accessed for math or something else Math can be done on a SCRATCH or TEMP image and then transferred This method Figure 1 Video Speed Up program VIDEO_SWAP CONST VIDEO_RAM_BASE 3000 RAM_COLUMNS 127 FOLD 63 HIDDEN 49 ROWS 23 JUNK bla t _TYPE video_ram record PO Box 961 Brandon MB Canada R7A 5Y1 costs heap upward and recursion downward headroom because the object code block has been pushed up in the TPA Turbo for non graphic Kaypros BigBrds amend VideoRamBase RamColumns lt Kaypros Note Hidden fold 64 111 re array 0 ROWS 0 RAM_COLUMNS of char ascii end VAR scratch temp video_ran screen i j byte ch char procedure BANK_COPY var v1 v2 begin port 28 port 28 OR 80 vi ssv2 port 28 port 28 AND 7F end BEGIN clrser for i 1 to 20 do writeln junk trunc i 3 47 bank_copy temp screen writeln SCREEN IMAGE COPIED TO TEMP BUFFER lt gt read kbd ch pause for i 20 to ROWS do begin for j 0 to FOLD do video_ram absolute VIDEO_RAM_BASE video_ram select Rom amp Video Bank
175. e your trials and tribulations That way we can invent new wheels rather than redoing the old ones over and over What kind of exciting adventure misadventure are you working on What kind of computer are you ordering for What kind of computer do you own operate Descripti SUBSCRIPTION 6 issues per year D 16 1 Yr O New Renewal Se VE D 22 O 30 KAYPRO SCHEMATIC PACKAGES O Il amp 4 pre 84 O MS DOS Disks OTHER ITEMS Total O CP M 8 SSSD O CP M 86 8 SSSD 12 O MS DOS 5 DSDD 20 O 10 No Modem T SHIRT specify S M L XL 6 95 8 50 8 50 BACK ISSUES O ll 4 amp 10 Kaypro 5 SSDD FREE CATALOGS S O Z80 Kaypro products USERS DISKS 12 12 oO 2 4 10 84 3 5 O Check or money order enclosed Make checks payable to TOTAL US funds only payable on a US bank MICRO CORNUCOPIA ENCLOSED Prices include postage Air Mail for Other Foreign Card No ss O Visa O MasterCard Signature Are you a current subscriber to Micro Cornucopia O Yes ONo NAME ___ PHONE COMPANY ADDRESS i i I f i l l f i i i l i i i i i i f I i i i CITY ee ee STATE ZIP i MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 l Order Number 9 5 PST 503 382 5060 Technical Calls 9 Noon PST Only 503 382 8048 a GE ee ee Ge ee ees ee eee eee eee eee ees ee BACK ISSUES 3 00 each US CAN MEX ISSUE NO 1 8 81
176. e 8 IBM 3740 or 5 25 Xerox Kaypro format Please add 2 50 shipping handling U S amp Canada for shipment via U P S or 7 50 for foreign air mail CA residents please add your local sales tax 6 or 6 5 VISA and MasterCard are accepted FREE information packet available upon request MICROCode Consulting mza romeo Department M4 d Box 9001 Torrance CA 90508 9001 213 MICROCD 24 hour recorder XEROX 820 continued from page 23 occurs it may not happen immediate ly interrupt pending The CTC will wait until it is granted access both in software through the EI or Enable Interrupt instruction and in hardware through the interrupt priority chain It also disables any interrupts which are lower in the priority chain the CTC is the lowest so nothing else is affected If a keyboard character is currently being processed the CTC will have to wait until the keyboard routine is finished When the Z80 detects another inter rupt once it has finished the keyboard interrupt it challenges the anony mous interruptor a famous old west marshal and chip designer to show his vector The CTC s base vector is 10H which means that CTC3 will send a 16H back to the Z80 via the data bus The Z80 combines this low byte with the I register high byte to form the vector address of FF16H The 16 bit value at this location is the start address of the routine Assume that the TIMER routine starts at F517H
177. e new priesthood it s time we under stood what that means I encourage all of you who have something to add to this discussion to take keyboard in hand Please share your thoughts Speaking of the SOG it seems like everyone in house and out house mentioned the new systems demon strated at SOG See 86 World for the most detailed and probably most interesting look at some of the new systems Ron Miller covers an issue that is dear to my heart in his C column That issue is software reliability vrs power His well documented struggles with a simple C routine well not so simple C routine show dramatically how much difference there is between C and Pascal or Modula C gives you easy access to everything Pascal on the other hand isolates some say protects you from the system but it catches many of the little mistakes that make programs go daisy picking The trade offs are obvious in his column Thanks Ron Home Computers Why are most people buying home computers To plan the menu To balance the checkbook To spread sheet the beds To write to Aunt Martha No People are buying home computers to entertain and educate the kids Don t get offended I know that us technical folks use computers to enter tain and educate ourselves There is a lot of fun software out there at least for the game machines like the Commodore Apple II Mac and IBM There isn t much education al software I mean
178. e the sieves in Figure 1 InOut in MODULE Sieve is another module and WriteString Writeln and WriteCard are procedures in MODULE InOut Modula II s complete type checking across module boundaries built in low level facilities and improved syn tax are its strengths making Modula II a useful addition to Pascal Next issue we ll look more closely at Modula II compilers ZCPR3 The Manual I finally have a copy of Richard Conn s ZCPR3 The Manual and it should make my ZCPR3 travels more interesting For those of you out of the know FROM InOut IMPORT WriteString WriteLn WriteCard CONST SIZE 8190 BEGIN VAR I PRIME K COUNT ITER FLAGS ARRAY 0 SIZE OF BOOLEAN CARDINAL WriteString START WriteLn FOR ITER COUNT 0 1 TO 10 DO FOR I 0 TO SIZE DO FLAGS I TRUE END I 0 TO SIZE DO IF FLAGS I THEN PRIME ss Ll I 3 K s I PRIME WHILE K lt SIZE DO FLAGS K FALSE END INC COUNT END END END INC K PRIME WriteCard COUNT 4 WriteString PRIMES WriteLn END Sieve Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Richard wrote ZCPR3 a super CP M Console Command Processor CCP replacement that adds shells aliases input output redirection named direc tories password control multiple and resident commands and more to your faithful CP M 2 2 The manual a whopping 350 pages details ZCPR3
179. e set PP 619 727 1015 24 hrs 619 941 0925 info 9 5 National Public Domain Software Center 1533 Avohill Vista CA 92083 Wanted S 100 boards Konan or Alloy 9 track tape and SMD disk controllers SASI host interface CompuPro system support LDP Hazitall DMA FDC programma ble serial I O static RAMs clock calendars Box 1870B Garden Grove CA 92642 714 539 7330 CROSSWORD 2 SOLUTION Two winners at SOG IV took em 24 hours Sandy Brabandt and the McCutchen Olds Brittain team a Pur are I Ga NN HBO ol olblolulmls Stale Ea pM e Mole i a Hanana allel AANA Afele r o v o Br a Bclifoln EMA elr ols oje clu jalir eM F E OD A BARD klalylalk A un AR AAR gt elo bao fod Wee aad dar Pole E eli driwlolRILID ls B H M AMA AA Pilolmlelolelslolels Micro TREN Number 26 October November 1985 Vista dual 8 drive cabinet p s 65 Qume 142 DSDD 5 25 half height 120 pair Exceptional keyboard Mi croswitch Hall effect case 22 Diablo 1610 tractor 320 Color graphic card for IBM PC 60 Many S 100 boards Send for list Noor Singh P O Box 807 Santa Cruz NM 87567 505 753 2211 Keyboards for computer builders 83 keys full ASCII upper lower case all control characters numeric pad caps lock repeat self test Brand new hundreds sold already to builders of Apples Big Boards Xerox 820s Parallel output positive TTL logic strobe Uses only 106mA
180. e standard Fig Forth 83 META86 CMD The Forth compiler NEW CP M 86 DISKS DISK 86 7 VFILER and ARCHIVE VFILER CMD A86 A screen oriented version of the SWEEP disk utility Slicer and IBM version source ARCHIVE CMD A8 Backs up only modified files Prompts for new disk SETTIME TOD CMD PAS Clock maintenance for Slicer Expansion Board written in Turbo Pascal PRNSET CMD PAS Menu driven mode setting for Epson and Star Printers SQ CMD USQ CMD Compress files to save disk space and transmission time MORE CMD A86 Page text to the screen DISK 86 8 New BIOS and STRANGE updated DU SLIBIOS A86 Slicer BIOS 3 8A Supports IOBYTE and Expansion board STRANGE CMD A86 Read foreign disk formats in cluding Kaypro and Morrow HFORM CMD A86 Hard disk formatter for the Slicer BDSPATCH A86 Patch to Slicer monitor to allow use of 1 6 meg 5 inch floppies SA475 et al UNERA31 CMD A86 UNerase files Works with CCP M and CP M DU V75A CMD Debugged disk utility Now works with CCP M too VFY CMD A86 Compare two files and show differ ences WHERE CMD A886 Displays header record of CMD files in an understandable format MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 w Bend OR 97709 503 382 5060 9 5 PST Monday Friday PRESTO Add the power and convenience of four useful desktop functions to just about any software you use How Let s say you re using your word processor and need to do a few quick calculat
181. eans reals or complex but it generates a real COM file Everything is on this disk the compiler its source example programs and documentation USERS DISK 23 Xerox Utilities This disk contains Xerox specific utilities including a screen dump fromWayne Suga with source modi fications for the SWP package including ZCPR anew monitor and a clock calendar from Mitch Mlinar and Jim Mayhugh s new monitor see issue 19 A very special disk for Xeroxers USERS DISK 24 Prowriter Graphics This is a complete Prowriter printer graphics package written by the same Micro C subscriber who wrote the MX 80 graphics package Plot points lines circles boxes and more Examples documentation USERS DISK 25 Z80 Macro Assembler This is a real Z80 macro assembler Syntax closely follows RMAC and MAC Also includes pseudo ops to support conditional assembly etc No phase or relocatable code USERS DISK 26 BBII CP M 3 0 Banked BIOS Winchester Support CP M 3 0 Banked BIOS implementation for the BBI Roy Epperson s software to support the Adaptec ACB 4000 SCSI and the Rodime R204 5 Winchester on the BBII see issue 19 Plus more Winchester programs USERS DISK 27 BYE Remote CP M System BYE programs to run your BBI BBII or XEROX 820 I as a remote CP M system using a Hayes Smartmodem compatible modem Includes programs to allow restricted access USERS DISK 28 VFILER and Extended Single Density VFILER is a
182. earch mode only Definable Block size limited to 1K Manual not included File size limited to memory size Gentlemen Please rush me the following Copies of EXPRESS 2 0 at 29 95 5 00 postage and handling includes manual Copies of EXPRESS 2 0 manual only at 12 00 3 00 postage and handling Copies of EXPRESS sampler Version 1 0 at 10 00 2 00 postage and handling I have enclosed my check or money order for __________ payable to TCI Note Washington residents must include 17733 205th Ave NE 7 8 sales tax Woodinville Washington 98072 Note For C O D add 3 50 My shipping address is Name Address City State ZIP Phone My Z 80 based computer running CP M 80 v2 2 is Disk size 5 8 Disk Density S D Single Double sided ____ Tomorrows ComrurtinG Nnovations Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Starting At Po 695 00 a d CO PROCESSING The most cost effective way for Z80 system owners to obtain 16 32 bit processing power and software compatibility is via the HSC CO 16 Attached Resource Processor CO 16 is compatible with any Z80 system running CPM 2 2 or CPM 3 A few examples include e KAYPRO 2 4 10 e TRS 2 3 12 16 e AMPRO LITTLE BOARD HEATH 89 e SUPERBRAIN e XEROX 820 e TELEVIDEO 802 803 e MORROW e EPSON QxX 10 e LOBO e OSBORNE 1 EXEC e CROMEMCO Plus many more CO 16 Every CO 16 is delivered w
183. ecrest CA 93555 619 375 5744 The SBC Mart is part of Computing Technology 821 B Commercial Street Ridgecrest CA 93555 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 nected at the bottom and the edge that was nearest the front pointing upward 18 At the top right you ll see the single row of RAM 150ns parts in place 41C256 or equivalent There are two rows of empty sockets just below the standard RAM 19 Very carefully very slowly take your time don t get nervous plug in your new parts The sockets are very tight so if you aren t an experienced parts plugger find one 20 Make sure the pins are absolute ly vertical and absolutely straight before trying to plug in a chip Rock the part gently and watch very closely to make sure EVERY pin is started properly before pressing downward firmly Rock each chip as you press down 21 Once you have seated a chip look closely at each pin If everything didn t go perfectly you re going to have to pry it up and carefully straighten pins It doesn t hurt to have a couple extra chips but at 15 20 each that can be expensive 22 When you have finished install ing the chips you can test your work Just lay the board back down connect up the power cable farthest left rear and watch the screen You should see the test progressing At the end it will tell you how much good RAM it saw If the test failed then you need to e Z80 Emul
184. ectors and collects them into a separate file D SD XDIR CMD A86 Various directory listing programs FILE EXT CMD A86 Disk status program PAGE CMD A886 Displays text files 24 lines at a time MUCHTEXT CMD A86 Counts words and lines in a text file PRINT CMD A86 File printing routine Puts a header at top of page ERQ CMD ABG Selective erase DISK 86 2 DU and Modem Programs DU V75 CMD A86 The popular disk utility translat ed from CP M 80 Read madik and write disk sectors MODEM4 CMD A86 A simple modem program set up for the Slicer MODEM7SL CMD A86 MODEM7 set up for the Slicer Used with XMODEM for file transfers DISK 86 3 Small C C86 CMD The original Small C compiler which appear ed in Dr Dobbs Journal in 1980 Generates assembly language to be assembled with DRI s ASM86 C86 COM An 8086 cross compiler Runs under CP M 80 but generates 8086 assembly langage for assembly with ASM86 CMD or ASM86 COM cross assembler C86LIB A86 Runtime library for Small C aa Source code for compiler Small C can compile itself DISK 86 4 IBM Mainframe Interchange RESOURCE 8086 et SAN A new BIOS that supports a real time clock RES86 CMD A disk management program for transfering files between CP M 86 and IBM 374X mainframe environments SD186 CMD An 8086 version of the RESOURCE disassembler DISK 86 5 amp 6 FIG Forth Disks 5 and 6 are a complete two disk set of FIG Forth 83 F83 CMD Th
185. ects of the change Use a felt marker or a dab of white out to indicate the starting position of the knob in case you later decide to restart from the original settings You might see a dab of paint already marking the settings If the paint is across the part of the trim pot that moves then it is being used to lock its position You ll need to scrape away the paint before making adjustments Before we start though some gen eral words of caution Words Of Warning High voltages hang around the CRT In particular the suction cup attached to the side of the picture tube and the wire connecting this cup to the video board carry high voltage You can also get a nasty nip from the ich for the height of 9555 Plainfield Rd Blue Ash OH 45236 strangely shaped transformer that generates the high voltage for the CRT All these items are insulated but stay away from them Even after the unit has been off for a few minutes these components will still hold some residual charge Not usual ly dangerous but not fun either Also we strongly recommend you purchase a plastic alignment tool _ about 1 at a good electronics supply store or Radio Shack It should have an allen wrench on one end and a screwdriver blade on the other They are usually made of plastic Editor s note a long matchstick works well to adjust slugs see below and a taped screwdriver works fine on the trimpots Now For The Intrepid
186. ed 50 00 CP M 2 2 Operating System w Manual 75 00 CP M 3 0 Operating System w Manual 250 00 Models IIA and IIB only SASI Interface Option installed 35 00 XEBEC Hard Disk Controller 250 00 Colonial Data Cabinet Kits Build Your Own Systems MODEL CKPI1 Metal Cabinet will accept Single Boards up to 12 x16 complete with fan RFI filter with power switch front panel and mounting for two 5 half height floppies Pre punched for 4 DB25 and 1 50 pin In cludes 60 watt power supply 225 00 with 12V 5V 2 MODEL CKP2_ Same as Model CKP1 but in cludes 90 Watt Power Supply to power half height Winchester 5 4 hard disk and single 5 325 00 half height floppy a MODEL CKX Cabinet only with fan RFI filter power switch prepunched con 1 39 00 nector holes No Power Supply HOW TO ORDER Call or Write Colonial Data Orders paid with bank card or cashiers check are shipped within 3 working ae days Allow 3 weeks for Personal Checks Shipping Add 2 up to a maximum of 20 00 for UPS a Brown shipping within the United States aoc a 7 Colonial Data W3O0 II PICK YOUR SYSTEM CHOOSE YOUR OPTIONS The Original Better Board SB80 from Colonial Data has just gotten BETTER YET More on board features like SASI interface circuitry 4 Channel Counter Timer Memory Expansion to 128K and MORE All made to run the most popular programs under the CP M Operating System Z80
187. eete SE r E ete a eee eS OMe H See eS et SSE OSES E ERTS Et Stee Lt St tt he Pee eee DE Stott a Te Se Pet ae Ee hunin ESE ys HUN UEEDUEIECEaD I n Ie eportstar CPM Operating System System Utility Program it Speech Synthesizer Program Distributed by HIGH TECH HOBBIES CALL NOW Div of Light Mfg Company VISA MASTERCARD 1634 S E BROOKLYN PORTLAND oR 503 231 1582 Cleaning Up Your Screen Video Adjustments By Stan Sulkes and Don Carter Have some of the screen settings on your Kaypro drifted a bit with age Is your text sloping Characters fuzzy Too much space between the right hand margin and the edge of the screen Take heart You can have a normal screen whatever that is in less than an hour without spending 45 at the repair shop Interested Then get a good grip on a Phillips screwdriver and read on Setting Out The screen adjustments are on the video board at the bottom of your Kaypro directly behind the CRT so you ll need to remove the Kaypro s top cover In each adjustment except for the horizontal width adjustment you ll be tuning what are called trimpots These are coin sized disks some as small as a dime others as large as a nickel standing upright on three legs Trimpots have a knurled ring on them which can be turned with your fingers or with an insulated rod or kitchen match When turning the knurled knob make small careful adjustments checking for the eff
188. egister A OF FH the line is capitalized after it s input the line fed to the command line buffer doesn t have to be capitalized in ZCPR3 BBLINE returns with the HL reg ister pair containing the address of a null terminated string and the A reg ister containing the number of charac ters in this string not counting the ending null If register A 0 no in put entered the user simply hits the RETURN key it prompts again for input lines 144 145 If a command line was entered processing resumes at line 146 PUTCL stores the string pointed to by the HL register pair in the com mand line buffer In this example the error return code was ignored since an error such as command line buffer 10 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 overflow simply results in the shell being reinvoked Finally lines 147 148 set the com mand status message of ZCPR3 indi cating that the command was sup plied by the user In case the command is another shell this mes sage will be read later by this new shell in a manner similar to the QSHELL call on line 85 and interpret ed correctly The screen is cleared on line 149 and control is returned to ZCPR3 to execute the command the RET instruction on line 150 Assembling Listing 2 and Listing 3 can be assembled and run on your ZCPR3 system You ll need M80 COM and L80 COM to assemble and link the files SYSLIB REL Z3LIB REL and VLIB REL are the reloca
189. emble with ASM CP M 2 2 45 CP M 75 1 50 postage in Calif add 6 5 C C Software 1907 Alvarado Ave Walnut Creek CA 94596 415 939 8153 CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Inc Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 CP M BDOS 29 CP M UPGRADES FROM 49 95 If you re one of the many proud owners of 8 bit CP M micros boy have we got software for you Our ConlX line of products can upgrade your system with more capabilities than any costly hardware could provide Here is where the exciting new CP M software is being developed See for yourself ConIX Operating System Adds more advanced UNIX like features to any 48K CP M 80 or compatible micro than ever before Runs with CP M for 100 software compatibility Replaces the CCP providing a greatly superior user interface for increased power productivity and ease of system use ConIX is a total upgrade for CP M Look at these features I O Redirection and Pipes uses memory or disk perfected User Areas Command and Overlay File Path Searching automatic end of screen pause 8Mb Print Buffering 22 new BDOS SysCalls User Definable Function Keys Virtual disk system Archiver with time date stamp saves over 50 disk over 100 built in commands On Line Manual and even more Uses only 1 2K TPA 0 27K disk min 60 second installation ConIX Programming System Enhances the basic ConIX system by adding an extensive shell
190. en wrench Don t loosen the coil which is at tached to the neck 3 More information on the jumpers in the drives would be helpful to be sure they are all in the right locations Problems Very few The quad dens ity drive uses 4K blocks instead of the 2K blocks on the dual density drives Thus small files eat up space quickly If you run ZCPR the cursor keys must be reconfigured using the Kay pro CONFIG program for use with WordStar Smartkey seems to have some problems with this setup but I haven t completely diagnosed them yet Pll let you know if I do especially if I find the solution David B Nelson 2311 Spencer Road Silver Spring MD 20910 Adapting A C Itoh F10 40 I just picked up a surplus C Itoh F10 40 that they ve been selling for 500 Before you buy it they tell you it has Commodore on the front which was OK with me What they don t tell you is that Commodore has customized the thing for their sys tems The mail order outfit suggests you install it WordStar as an IBM Parallel printer This at least gets you printing but no matter how you configure it I spent many hours trying it will NOT do variable pitch or variable line height and it prints the forward direction only which makes it barely faster than my Juki Finally I discovered that if you pull the CPU board and close the JY jumper it is shipped with it open you can install it as a specialty printer an
191. ence between a hex and a gaggle of fairies There is a decided difference but it s too technical to cover here We ll also be watching for books and other publications which will help If you have any recommendations drop me a note containing a short description plus price publisher and where it s available I ll be flagging the introductory articles here in the editorial plus there ll be special items for beginners in Tidbits and The Last Page Where Do We Go From Here There s been a continuing undercur rent of frustration or uneasiness or queasiness or something in the Micro C office lately and though I haven t quite pinned down the source I have an idea what it might be Technically we re frustrated and it shows up in our discussions about the relative merits of the new processors new operating systems new any things We know the 8080 Z80 world We know the Z80 Kaypro inside and out We have paid our dues learning Z80 8080 mnemonics and assemblers We have a good feeling for what s great continued on page 90 Tandon Blues I upgraded my Kaypro II to 5MHz last year and I was the envy of everyone in the Southern Colorado Users Association But this year when I changed to the PRO 8 monitor ROM and the Kaypro 4 with DSDD Tandon 100 2A drives my machine would only run at 2 5MHz Since we have 10 Kaypros at work I swapped new drives to see if the problem was my soldering t
192. enjoy using UNIFORTH or your money backi UNIFIED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS NEW gt gt gt gt gt P O Box 21294 Columbus OH 43221 0294 lt lt lt lt lt NEW Call 301 552 9590 for new number Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 other procedure function declarations go here n the body of program d_and_d goes here Big Board using the on board video and Xerox 820 FEDIT is also available on 5 CP M for Kaypro 2 4 10 Cost is 19 95 US 25 95 CAN For information and orders contact Brooke Computer Systems Ltd 494 Sth Street West Owen Sound Ontario CANADA N4K 3K4 Shipping and Handling please add 2 50 U S and CAN Check or money order only no C 0 D s Ontario residents add 7 sales tax CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc Now available with 8087 Support MTBASIC Basic Compiler Features Multi line functions Multitasking No runtime fee Windowing Handles interrupts Interactive Fast native code Compiles in seconds MTBASIC is easy to use since you can write programs in an inter active environment and then compile them using only one com mand MTBASIC has many advanced features like multitasking random file access formatted I O assembly language calls and ROMable code The MTBASIC package includes all the necessary software to run in interpreter or compiler mode an installation program so any system can use windows demonstration
193. ents of your REL relocatable files These files are the output of many assemblers and compilers used for linking into COM files BANNER 15 00 Prints your message sideways in big block letters Variable size characters Requires no special printer Composes characters with a second message ALL OF THE ABOVE 59 95 30 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE VISA ANAHEIM SOFTWARE 13814 Hawes St Dept M Whittier CA 90605 714 863 9044 THE KA YPRO COLUMN continued from page 37 In fact most of the system s weight is right here in this bundle See Figure 1 for information on charger current with fully charged batteries and for the current supplied to the system by the battery I was surprised how much current the system draws The keyboard alone takes 90 milliamperes That s as much as I would expect a keyboard on a standard system to draw Kaypro is now shipping low power keyboards and will update older units See your dealer The main system including key board draws about 400 mA fully stuffed with RAM The drive draws almost an amp more The charger is set so that it delivers a trickle current of about 50 mA when the battery is fully charged I mea sured a 1 5 amp output when the battery was down and the system was running Getting Into The Battery Compart ment You can get into the battery com partment by removing the four 0 Phillips screws two on either side of the handle Then pull back
194. er a disk cache or anything that requires more memory than the basic 64K The flexible architecture will accommodate a wide variety of applications such as MP M CP M and and a host of data acqusition tasks This card plugs into five device sockets below the existing RAM array as a daughter board This product comes with complete machine drawn schematics and a full theory of op Assembly installation and test procedures are thoroughly documented PAL code is included and extra PALs are available A PAL is shipped With each system RAM disk software is incl uded with source on disk Please specify 5 or 8 inch disk and 820 1 or BIGBOARD 1 EASY INSTALLATION WITHOUT ETCHCUTS CABLES ETC USES NONEOF YOUR PRECIOUS 1 0 OR THE CPU SOCKET THIS RAM UPGRADE WORKS BEYOND 4 Mhz ADDS ONLY 1 2 INCH TO THE OVERALL HEIGHT OF THE BOARD INTERCONNECT HARDWARE IS PROVIDED SMALL 4 5 x 6 5 THIS BOARD PLUGS INTO THE SAME SOCKET AS 820 256K Bare board interconnect hardware documentation PAL and software PESERTA NESE SE E EE EEA 75 00 Kit w o RAM all TTL bypass caps I C sockets plus all above esseseesssseseeseeressessensesresersenreureseeseernssnseereeee 125 00 SPECIAL 150 nS 256K DRAMS when ordered with Kit nnssssneeseenssssssononoreensnenenerererereocesecococerensessessas ea 3 75 SPECIAUNIN 820 256K WIC RAI neseser A E E AANER E a E AEE a A iet 125 00 ASTEC POWER SUPPLIES THE ORIGIONAL
195. er is placed in the E register then the default user area will be changed var UserArea Byte begin repeat Write Enter User Area 0 31 Readin UserArea if not UserArea in 0 31 then Writeln G until UserArea in 0 31 Bdos 20 UserArea end So far we ve been changing drive and user in BDOS When the user warm boots everything will be back to its original state If we don t want the original state we can simply change the contents of address 4 Editor s note Give me a random number generator and address 4 and I ll give you some very confused warm boots Byte absolute 0004 Char Byte var DriveUser Drive User begin Write Enter Drive letter Readin Drive Drive UpCase Drive DriveUser Byte Drive 41 Write Enter User number Readln User DriveUser DriveUser User 10 end Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 13 PS Computers Presents the PS Turbo 640 For those of you that mistook for Bill Gates from Microsoft let me clarify things l m Dave Carlin from PS Computers in Palm Springs California The differences are pretty basic Bill reads the Wall Street Jour nal wears glasses and writes great soft ware lon the other hand read USA Today wear soft contacts and build great hard ware Now that you know who am or at least whol amnot let s getto the point of this ad Since got into computers two years ago th
196. ered trademark of Zilog TBKUG Data COM Network supports CP M 80 CP M 86 Kaypro S 100 IBM and compatible users with public domain software via modem We have three on line databases holding over 40mby of CP M and PC MS DOS programs available 24 hours at either 300 or 1200 baud We specialize in CP M disk utilities ZCPR2 amp 3 MEX DOS utilities Turbo Pascal word processing RCP M utilities BBS software library utilities catalog utilities and much more The Florida systems will soon be merging into one large multi user system with many incoming lines The TBKUG has 63 specific user disk volumes for Kaypro owners and over 5 000 files available by mail We sponsor a monthly magazine that is distributed electronically by various national bulletin boards called the R O Read Only It has many product reviews public domain update information Turbo Pascal column and others of interest to CP M and DOS users The TBKUG has been in existence for over two years and has more than 600 members worldwide We have been mentioned in numerous Profiles articles and proudly support the CP M users of the world with high quality software An application may be downloaded via modem by calling 813 937 3608 or send a SASE to TBKUG DataCOM Network 14 Cypress Drive Palm Harbor FL 33563 Annual dues are 30 00 47 Accounting Software Little Accountant That Can maintains 100 personal or product accounts prints statements records expen
197. ering bytes 44A7h thru 44AAh in MSDOS COM The numeric pad is in this neighborhood too I chose to replace the original 0B 0A 08 0C to WordStar compatible 05 18 08 04 Here again this is for the MS DOS 2 11 not 2 11A Good luck Terrance Benjey Route 1 Box 497 B Wilmington NC 28405 CBIOS Fixes I ve found two errors relating to my extended single density CBIOS as published in Micro C The first bug relates to the handling of disk errors When a disk error occurs it is not reported back to the BDOS The following change should be made to the CBIOS Change DOREP CALL REPORT RET NZ RW LD A HSTTRK To DOREP CALL REPORT JR Z RW LD ERFLAG A RET RWY LD HSTTRK The second bug affects any CBIOS which uses the CP M blocking de blocking routines The bug occurs when files are updated without ex panding the size of the file The last block updated will not be written to the disk This bug will typically occur with editors that do not create backup files e g Nevada Edit To fix this bug you must patch CPM60 COM and then go through the SYSGEN procedure to incorporate the new BDOS on the system tracks The patches necessary are shown below A gt ddt cpm60 com DDT VERS 2 2 NEXT PC 2300 0100 aic52 1052 nop 1053 nop 1054 Ixi h 0 1C57 g0 A gt save 34 cpm60 com Larry J Blunk 2972 Briarcliff Ann Arbor MI 48105 Battery Supply Solutions The Kaypro emergency power sup ply describe
198. es e Power Harness From Supply To Drives e Line Fuse EMI Fitter Detachable Line Cord e Cabinets amp Supplies Available Separately Most Models Disk drives not included INI EORSNID RESEARCH RRON 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 Write or call for our brochure which includes our application note 209 651 4203 Making micros better than any ol box computer 32 Page Free Fakt Pakt Catalog 88 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Introducing GRAF 30 49 69 complete BUSINESS and SCIENTIFIC printer graphics program CP M 80 MS DOS PC DOS SALES by DIVISION SQUARE WAVE APPROXIMATION 3 2 eese ataata o ete Cx eee OOOO OO OOO OY 2 00 0000000 e III OO OO UO amp re re at ere X IO IY et t X et 6 x2 a O O XK OO nozZ2oQOererreZ OCA O00 Ox ateata Y LKR KIRK IOI Q 2 a POCO OOOO COOC OOOO ROKK Khe 2 CC OCC C CL C OOOO SR X Q O CX XXX RRA SS n o O OOOO e erates e R3 KS K os O 1982 1983 1984 Division A T Division B g Division C BUSINESS APPLICATIONS SCIENTIFIC APPLICATIONS display floating point data directly from spreadsheets data bases and word processors or the keyboard in a wide variety of bar pie line and scatter plots simple interface allows plotting floating point data obtained from all popular programming languages
199. es My PC automatically date stamps the files so like it or not I can always tell what is the most current file An archival program in CP M 86 is on Volume 147 of SIG M The original version of the program by Kelly Smith and Kim West DeWindt appeared in the August 1982 Life lines page 34 The article includes a version which should run under CP M 80 Programs in magazines are usual ly copyright protected and are not in the SIG M libraries unless released by the copyright owner A file archiver written in C is on SIG M Volume 179 Worth mentioning before we get off the topic of utilities is SURVEY on Volume 76 which gives you a system memory map BDOS BIOS ROM ports etc In the PC area we have EQUIP on PC BLUE 81 which tells you what you have on board Both are quite useful Giving Yuppies Heart Attacks I don t think we have to go through every utility in the book to get across the point that there are a lot of these little helping hand programs in the public domain which will make your computer handling easier If there is one fault with them it is that many of them are updated so often that some Yuppies have heart attacks trying to keep up with the latest version Bruce Ratoff s SD sorted or super directory was a handy utility to show disk contents and file size when it was written years ago But people have taken to rewriting it almost at every sunrise so the version num bers are up in the
200. ese poor devils who put in printing presses after the pipe was full Vertical Markets I m a guy trying to figure out how to sell computers so what do I think about vertical markets Let s go back and see how that works I ve got a printing press now and I ve sold all the Bibles and encyclope dias the world needs for the next 10 years and this thing s sitting here idle I ve invested all this capital I have this plant It s always easier to gain weight than to lose weight and now I ve got all this fat How am I going to get rid of it Well I ve got to use it some way Maybe I ll go into vertical markets Well what could I do Maybe I could gather information about metal and sell it to blacksmiths so they could make other goods as well as horse shoes So I print the book I take it to the blacksmith I say This is the great est thing since canned rice Look what you ll be able to do with it He opens the book and says What is this This is definitely not user friendly Well I say you ll have to hire a reader to come and read for you How much will he cost me Probably three apprentices Oh really Well does he tell me anything No he just reads Does he know anything about the metal business No all he does is read But he ll read anything you want He may mispronounce words because they are not always spelled the same Bu
201. etin board soft ware Their RBBS programs are now available in the PC BLUE library Volume 74 contains version 12 2b a single user system This was upgrad ed to version 12 2c another single user system on PC BLUE Volume 79 Volumes 109 and 110 contain version 12 3b a multi user system We have seen relatively inexperienced users go from zero to full operation with these systems within an hour Another bulletin board system available on PC BLUE is FIDO NET Volumes 77 and 78 Our inclination would be to stick with the Capital System when setting up a PC bulletin board When it comes to including CP M bulletin board system software in SIG M I have to confess being guilty of suppressing same The CP M bulle tin board operators rate tops among computerists They have a network which provides them with the latest software updates for their systems Therefore SIG M hasn t even tried to keep up with them Our advice to anyone thinking of setting up such a system is to contact a BBS operator for the latest updates and how to join the network If you want to see the software first take a look at SIG M Volumes 112 and 130 Another system CITA DEL a bulletin board in C is on Volume 150 An RBBS system in C is on Volume 178 Volume 92 also has some BBS software as do other volumes in the library We have also been promised a bulletin board system in Turbo Pascal As soon as it arrives it will be released on a SIG M disk
202. ey have been a constant source of fascination and frustration Fascination due to the immense power and control that the personal computer has allowed me over my daily business activities frustration due to the hundreds of hours I ve spent making hardware and software cooperate with one another No doubt about it once you get the all the pieces put together correctly you have at your command an incredible tool There is absolutely no limit to the number and type of tasks that you can accomplish with greater speed better accuracy and stronger impact all with far less effort The trade off however has been the time ener gy and uncertainty involved in finding the best buy on the right equipment then get ting all the parts to function as one Because have personally gone through hours of long distance phone calls to hard ware manufacturers and waited days for call backs that never happened Because have found myself so many times in front of a screen filled with meaningless greek characters at 2 AM unable to get the com puter to print a simple business letter Be cause would not wish this type of agony on anyone This is why have put together the PS Turbo 640 What happened was afewmonths ago discovered a source of computer mother boards that run IBM type software faster than the IBM PC They re a genuine prod uct of Taiwan and they are beautiful bought cases keyboards cables and disk drives built the Tu
203. f bytes to the console The programmer doesn t have to worry with details about the terminal or the sequence of bytes that cleared the screen Lines 129 131 use GXYMSG to place the cursor on the screen and display the word Directory GXYMSG uses cursor positioning in formation specific to the user s ter minal which it gets from the ZCPR3 TCAP buffer It positions the cursor at the address indicated by the first two bytes following the call in this case row 5 and column 10 as indicat ed in line 130 of Listing 3 Directory is followed first by a letter indicating the disk and then by a number indicating the user area which the user is currently logged into Line 132 calls the SYSLIB routine RETUD which returns with register B containing the number of the cur rent disk B 0 if current disk is drive A and register C containing the number of the current user area Lines 133 135 convert the number in B to the appropriate letter and print it Lines 136 137 print the user num ber Lines 139 141 print the Enter Command prompt which is printed beginning at line 7 column 10 High lighting comes from surrounding text with the DIM and BRIGHT command codes which are interpreted by GXYMSG to turn on and turn off highlighting Enter Command will be dim on some terminals reverse video on others Lines 142 143 get a command text from the user via the BBLINE rou tine With r
204. fifty conductor ribbon cable from a header on the board to interrupts and makes good use of the Z80 A DMA chip a Xebec controller that costs only 295 and implements the controller portion of the SASI interface 2 cables the controller to a Seagate Technology ST 506 hard disk or E 64K Dynamic RAM 4K Static CRT RAM one compatible with it and 3 provides power for the controller card and drive Since our CBIOS contains code for communicating with hard disks that s all a user has to do 24K E E PROM or Static RAM to add a Winchester to a system Big Board Ii has three memory banks The first memory bank has eight 4164 DRAMs that provide 60K of user space and 4K of monitor space The second memory bank has m Two Synchronous Asynchronous Serial Ports two 2Kx8 SRAMs for the memory mapped CRT display and space for six 2732As 2Kx8 With a Z80 A S1O O and a Z80 A CTC as a baud rate generator the new Ferguson static RAMs or pin compatible EEPROMS The third memory bank is for RAMor ROM computer has two full RS232 C ports It autobauds on both added to the board via the STD bus Whether bought as a bare board or pi and tested it comes with a 2732 EPROM containing Russell Smith s superb A Parallel Keyboard Port Four Other Parallel onitor Ports for User I O Py Multiple Density Controller for The new Cal Tex single board computer has one parallel port for an ASCII keyboard SS DS Floppy Disks and four others for user defined I O The new C
205. find item number two in a sorted list of four It s enough to make a guy take up gardening After all anyone can grow better tomatoes than Safeway As a public service Td like to allay such self doubts by citing a few of the stupidities committed along the route toward a program that I like to think looks pretty darned slick Plus the program might even be useful and you can use this tale as a source of comfort when you mess up your next undertaking A Project But first a confession I bought an IBM compatible Oh I didn t WANT to and I feel like a lemming but prospective clients with shiny new XTs like their code written for the 8088 and besides Lotus graphics are a constant wonder But it s not just my loyalty I m worried about It s salvaging something from the capital investment of wordprocessors utili ties and skills derived from two or so years of obsessive dependence on my Kaypro and the Z80 The obvious answer is hardwired communication between my zippy do 5MHz quad density RAM disk equipped Kaypro II chassis and that beige colored MBA graduate sitting stuffily over there on the other desk Just how fast can I send source code and 100K databases back and forth between the Kaypro with its good old Perfect Writer and the Zenith with its new Turbo 3 0 compiler The answer after a weekend of agony is 19 200 baud for 8 bits and at the flick of a finger too By Ward Chris te
206. for your desktop Matching library FUNCTIONS for Software Toolworks C 80 in Microsoft M80 L80 REL format Disk SOURCE CODE to all functions and utilities Works under Digital Research CP M 2 2 Develop portable applications using Bell Labs Unix V7 conventions Designed from Kernighan amp Ritchie Harbi son amp Steele Banahan amp Rutter Sidebottom amp Wortman and Donald Knuth s three volume set Settable dynamic buffers Full stream 1 0 Transcen dentals Strings Math Searching amp sorting Timing Compact code K amp R HELLO COM is 254 bytes Up to 255 files Direct disk Directory Memory management High speed seek Fastest block reads System access Speed and code size optimization Automated compile assemble and link Ideal incremental development e Useful C Utilities Xref Beauty Calls BoldList Archive Portable Source Generator Jump on error Monitor Sample Programs Learn or teach C style using source code from textbooks scholarly periodicals and popular magazines No royalties No copy protection No limitations on educational use No extra charges Reference Manual with library object code on disk 29 95 Source code archives and utility sources on disk e Phone orders shipped immediately Write or Call today for free brochure ps Viking C Systems VIKING SOFTWARE 2243 South Belaire Drive Salt Lake City UT 84109 1 801 466 6820 Grant 820 1 amp 820 2 i boards These
207. g 0 100 pop h get pointer to first character of name 101 setnamel 102 call shpush put program name on shell stack 103 jz echkemd j get command from user if no error 104 eall print 105 db Could not establish shell 0 106 ret 107 108 This section determines if any commands are following the 109 shell invocation command and returns to ZCPR3 in order to 110 execute them if 30 1il 112 chkemd 113 call getcl2 j get command line data 11483 jz getcmd j process command from user ie ret process rest of command line 116 117 118 Pause so the user can read the display from the last command 119 120 wait 121 call vprint 122 db dim Strike any key bright 0 123 call cin 124 125 Prompt the user for a new command 126 3 127 getemd 128 call els sclear the screen 129 call gxymsg 130 db 5 10 131 dd Directory 0 132 call retud sget DU in BC 133 mov a b sget disk 1343 adi tal convert to letter 135 call cout sprint 136 mov a c sget user 137 call pafde sprint as floating 138 getemdt 139 call gxymusg 140 db 7 10 181 db dim Enter Command gt bright 0 182 avi a 0ffhn 143 call bbline TUN cpi 0 gany input 1453 jz getemd issue prompt again 146 call putol store command line 147 mvi a 0 th s is a normal command 148 call putest 1493 call els 150 ret 151 152 Default command name in case the External FCB 153 is not available 154 155 def 156 db L3 0
208. hape request M6 D Is entry valid 2 SHAPE CURSOR shows where you are in the chart Cursor keys move it around chart window scrolls if you run off the edge of the window Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 be nothing to drain that charge away before it destroyed one or more in puts So work in an area with no rugs concrete or wood floors are best Sit on a wooden chair no pad and use a wooden table no Formica Wear cot ton clothing no polyester or nylon including your underwear Use a wrist strap and connect yourself to metal on the 2000 You can use a long clip lead clipping one end to the 2000 cabinet and the other end to your watch band so the metal from the clip lead is either contacting your skin directly or contacting metal which is touching your skin If the air is dry humidify it before starting or wait for rain The CMOS RAM chips should not be handled any more than necessary Always touch the tube they re in or the conductive foam they re stuck into before touching any chip Never set a chip down unless you are putting it into its tube onto conductive foam or into its socket Don t move around a lot while handling CMOS chips Rapid motion rubbing two things together scratch ing your head sliding a chip on its back across a table top all these things create static Don t even frat ernize with someone who might give you static Opening It Up
209. he Micro Cornucopia staff on a point system Total points decide the winner 0 15 for ALGORITHM 0 15 for READABILITY OF CODE 0 30 for FUNCTIONALITY including ease of use 0 20 for ORIGINALITY 0 20 for DOCUMENTATION So Start Programming An editor a business application a game a utility something educational anything that interests you probably interests us Just make sure the program you submit is original unpublished and written by you in Turbo Pascal during 1985 PS Hackers in other languages stay tuned Your contest is coming A jj k Pes i w 4 Any version of Turbo Pascal is OK 2 0 3 0 CP M MS DOS P ide NOTE I hereby release this Purpose program to the Public Domain and give Micro Cornucopia the right to print this listing Signature Free Pascal Runoff T shirt Size O0S OM OL OXL For the first 100 entrants Please list all people involved in the development of this program Name Address City Ph States D MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 Order No 503 382 5060 ETT TE E a a TE a EES OEE TLE FE ERS ENA SE SL EEE SS TTS LET TT ETE SD TP CEE SSE 96 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 The following folks are reaching you for only 20 cents per word If you would like to reach the same audience send your words and 20 cents for each to Micro Cornucopia Superb mailing list program for CP M 2 2 based micr
210. he PRO 8 ROM or the RCA 74804 It proved to be the Tandon 100 2As because the Epson drives from a Kaypro 4 84 and the Shugart drives from a New 2 all work like a charm at DSDD and 5MHz Thought readers should know Doug Shake 436 Redwood Dr Colorado Springs CO 80907 Editor s note I m not too surprised about the problems I m hearing from Tandon owners Kaypro began buying Japa nese drives because of the quality of the first double sided half heights that Tandon produced And I keep won dering why Tandon doesn t advertise in Micro C Having Your Remex amp Using It Too I have been running the notorious Remex RFD 480 5 25 drives for about five months in a Morrow MD 2 and have several observations about them that may help others who were sucked in by a good deal 1 The drives are incredibly sensi tive to EMI electrical interference To see if this is a problem in your set up remove the drive from the comput er s case and place it several inches away from anything Alternately place a sheet of steel not aluminum between the drive and everything else If this cures the problem construct a steel shroud around the drive 2 The precompensation supplied by some computers notably Morrow Mi cro Decisions is 250 ns This appears to be more than the poor drives can handle Recommended precomp is 150 ns or less On Morrow Micro Deci sions the precompensation can be turned off for 40 track
211. he requesting board must use the arbitration procedures de scribed above If the bus is being used by lower priority boards the new board asserts the ISME line which eventually enables the MINE line saying that the bus request is successful When the requesting board has finished using the bus it turns off the IWANT signal which causes HOLD to be released and resets the MINE signal Afterwards the master proces sor can release pHLDA and take back the bus Figure 1 shows the switch settings for board priority selection The board has the lowest priority when all the switches are closed it has the highest priority when all the switches are open Simple DJ2D Relocation Morrow Designs old DJ2D floppy controller boards can get a new lease on life from this information sent to me by Ken Piggott a long time S 100 enthusiast The problem with most DJ2Ds is that they require address space from OE000H to 0E800H which limits the size of the operating system usually 736 Notre Dame Grosse Pointe MI 48203 CP M to 56K It would be nice to relocate the board to the top of memory OF800H but there are two obstacles an EPROM and a PROM that must be reprogrammed to do this Burning a new EPROM is no real problem since Morrow Designs sup plied the source for the EPROM But the PROM programming information is not provided and PROM updates are no longer available from Morrow EE ER for this board
212. hed I finally saw the pattern If I used the simple Turbo routines as a quick test for character flow the C code would work until a restart on either machine C wouldn t initialize the ports After staring at the numbers and my in and out port routines for two or so hours all the while tinkering with enabling and disabling interrupts I concluded that Turbo does something truly magical with port calls My dreams Sunday night were feverish visions of disassembling Turbo in two separate environments Would my dean let me take a leave of absence to do it Would one semester be enough Could this be a doctoral thesis Of course I could just run Turbo first and then demonstrate my amaz ingly powerful C routines Drinking coffee and tidying up on Monday morning I glanced at the main routine and noticed that set__serial didn t have parentheses after it Omygosh I ve been slum ming in Pascal too long I used the continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 19 C ing CLEARLY continued from page 19 procedure name by itself to make a call I was telling C to cram the address of the initialization routine into the transfer register and cooper ative little language that it is C did it The ports were never addressed at all Though it may have an obese runtime package and may defeat wildcarding utterly plodding old Pascal would have caught that sort of perversity
213. hing in for screen read writes and out before returning to TPA memory same as ROM accesses Newer Kaypros with graphics go through a 6845 to video memory which is strictly I O addressable The system addressing of the records assignment statement in procedure Bank__Copy see Figure 1 can be re written as a stream of I O for these machines but don t count on using the auto increment feature in the 6845 It doesn t always work in the 84 Kaypros Pascal Reasoning Pascal s assignment statement transfers data into simple char boolean integer real variables But direct assignment is not allowed between arrays If you want to fill an array with data you must do it one element at a time using some kind of loop Pascal does allow direct assignment between variables declared as records A record can contain or reference any Pascal type s including arrays Thus an easy to read record variable assignment recvarl recvar2 can often replace an array assignment loop Besides better readability the com piler s record to record assignment machine code loop is quicker than one compiled from Pascal loop statements And Turbo Solution Turbo s default code start address for my Kaypro CP M is 1FCB Since the relevant assignment code lies in the same address space as the screen data memory bank switching banks causes the program counter to read its next instruction from the new wrong bank Bewar
214. hipping charges California residents add 6 Sales Tax Call for our Test Equipment Mailer 8280 Clairemont Mesa Blvd Suite 117 San Diego California 92111 619 569 1864 LOW PROFILE IC SOCKETS 8 Pin 50perTube 14 Pin 25perTube 16 Pin 25perTube 18 Pin 25perTube 20 Pin 20perTube 24 Pin 20perTube 40 Pin 10perTube POWER SUPPLIES WALL PLUG IN TYPE 13 5VDC 5A Regulated 12VDC 3A aici des Moueae es 2 15 6VAC 95A iiic ce oat ease e eds 1 35 LINEAR Condor Model CP731 DC Power Supply 14V 4A 5V 7A 15V 5A 16 00 Condor Model CP573 DC Power Supply 5V 6A 25V 3A 0 7 50 14KV DC DC TV Power Supply 4 50 5V 1A 5V 2A 12V 1A 12V 2A 24V 05A Regulated 2 2x4x5 2 SWITCHERS OV 9 5A 12V 3 8A 12V 8A 49 00 OV 5A 12 3A 12 2A 12 5A 45 00 28V 1 3A 00 trons FLOPPY DISK DRIVES 12 HEIGHT Mitsubishi M4851 DSDD 99 00 Mitsubishi M4853 DS Quad 139 00 Qume Trak 1425 DSDD Tandon TM 848 1 8 SSDD 149 00 Tandon TM848 2 8 DSDD 229 00 STANDARD HEIGHT Pertec FD200 5 DSDD Shugart SA850 8 DSDD Persci 277 2x8 wee All Instruction Manuals We Carry Standard TTL LS S ECL TERMINALS InterTube Il Smart B amp W 225 00 InteColor 3602 Smart Color 329 00
215. ically the program in stalls itself as one in lines 90 115 Lines 90 91 test to determine if the External FCB is available ZCPR3 places the name of the command into the External FCB be fore the command executes The GE TEFCB routine returns with register A 0 the Zero Flag clear and the HL register pair containing the address of the External FCB if the Extern FCB is available i Lines 94 100 use this information to place a 0 after the last character of the command name After line 100 exe cutes HL contains the address of the first character of a 9 byte string 8 bytes for the command name and an ending 0 This is the command to be pushed onto the top of the shell stack If the External FCB isn t available GETEFCB returns with register A 0 and the Zero Flag set In this case lines 92 93 set HL to point to a default command line see lines 155 156 With or without the External FCB execution resumes at line 101 with HL containing the address of a command line string terminated by a null to be pushed onto the top of the shell stack The SHPUSH routine in line 102 pushes a string onto the shell stack and SHPUSH returns with register A 0 and the Zero Flag set if it was successful If not successful PRINT displays the error message at line 105 and exits to the operating system the RET instruction in line 106 Since the shell stack exists we tested for it in line 57 with the GETSH1 call failure by SHP
216. icro C 24 pg 35 con tains an illustration of the mod contact a local Kaypro group Some one there will no doubt be an old hand Illegal First Byte Some issues back one of your subscribers complained about XDIR hanging especially on the B drive We had the same problem and it was caused by an illegal first byte in the directory If this byte was not E5 for an erased file or 00 for a good file XDIR went off into the woods Clean ing up this byte with DU77 or the monitor R command to read and write back a 00 or E amp solved the problem Some versions of XDIR have this problem and some don t Thomas Callahan 35 North Shore Avenue Danvers MA 01923 Keyboard For Homebuilt Kaypro II I am attempting to assemble the equivalent of a Kaypro II 83 from a surplus board Most parts and assem blies have been relatively easy to find reasonably priced and easy to con nect Unfortunately that has not been true with a keyboard I have not been able to find much information about the Kaypro II keyboard or that any particular surplus keyboard is com patible I would appreciate hearing from any Micro Cornucopia reader who has information about the Kay pro II keyboard or has been successful in finding a compatible surplus key board William D Watson 1900 Forest Denver CO 80220 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Inside ZCPR3 By Richard Conn Editor s note CP M s console com ma
217. if it was the first instance Maybe the computer is the first instance of some kind of business we re in Mistaken Identity You hear often that those who don t remember history are condemned to repeat the mistakes of history It s a misquote A closer rendition is progress far from consisting of change depends on retentiveness and those who do not remember the past are condemned to fulfill it Most problems most difficulties can be recast from the past The computer business is in the pits right now Is it going to recover quickly It s common to hear people say now Gee whiz all we have to do is get another spreadsheet make computers user friendly and every thing will take off again I used to say that myself Now everyone s saying it When the herd starts to move in one direction I always try to stop and ask myself if I m heading for a cliff Now that I m hearing people say that computers should be user friend ly I m suspicious of that idea Is it just that we need a new piece of software something like a spread sheet to reignite sales That was something I thought for several years So I asked myself what is user friendly To be really user friendly a machine ought to be able to understand what I meant and not what I said Suppose we made a machine that was intelligent If I were a machine and I were intelligent and I were competing for scarce resources and I looked around
218. ike an 8 SS SD disk drive to CP M It uses 4164 ram chips regular TTL and transfers data 8 10 times faster than a regular floppy See Micro C 9 fora description and MC 11 for a review of dynaDisk For 69 You Get 8 by 6 bare PC board Software on 8 SS SD floppy SOURCE INCLUDED Assembly amp Operation Manual Bare Board Only 839 820 OWNERS 820 11 OWNERS Your hardware will work with minor modifications Software patches are included in the man ual for 820 Il owners See MC 17 for info on adapting Dyna to the Xerox 820 ALL ORDERS Please add 5 00 for postage and handling All orders shipped first class Satisfaction guaranteed Please no COD s PO s or plastic money QUANTITY PURCHASES Buy five of one item at one time and get one free Buy ten get two free etc Send check or money order to P O Box 5246 Bend Oregon L A Software ees CA residents add sales tax CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 C ing Clearly By Ron Miller One of the pitfalls of language columns and software listings is that they discourage the weekend hacker by making him feel decidedly inferior Each loop each test each routine looks as if it had sprung full blown from somebody s forehead This guy can read the allocation vectors redo the directory and bank switch four times in the length of code it takes the rest of us to
219. ile screen snakey head dy snakex head dx or Random lt 0 01 and count lt 20 Do Begin dy Random 3 1 dx Random 3 1 count scount 1 End If snake is stuck count will be greater than 19 and we will move its head If count gt 19 Then Begin snakey i Random maxy miny 1 14 miny snakex i Random maxx minx 1 1 minx End Else Begin snakey i snakey head dy snakex i snakex head dx End head si count 0 For i 1 to 75 Do Until KeyPressed End This slows things down Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 than the value passed it So in the first loop the number generated will be 0 1 or 2 Subtracting 1 we get 1 0 or 1 which we can use for direction If you use the random number genera tor without a value it returns a fraction between 0 and 1 The MOD operator returns the remainder of a division We can use it to keep the head and tail pointers within the snake coordinate arrays When a pointer reaches the end of the array it s then equal to the length of the snake the MOD operator makes it zero the start of the array Lines Lines are pretty straightforward We ll pass LineOn see Figure 2 two points which we want connected by a line To connect the points LineOn calculates the slope between the points and turns on the block Setting Graphic Characters Many computers have graphic char acters which can be set by primi
220. iles on your disk The CP M 86 version is on SIG M 172 and the CP M 80 version is on 152 DU was written by Ward Christensen revised by Ron Fowler modernized by Rich Conn and translated by Harry Van Tassell Along the way lots of other people added to it It is well documented and easy to use A more recent program EDFILE does much of the same but only on Z80 systems It is on SIG M 228 Finding Strings And Disks Being neither a squirrel nor an attributer I find things the old fashioned way looking and looking To find programs in the catalog we have FIND which locates strings of text A current version of FIND is always on the catalog disk Volume 00 The version that appears on the catalog disk depends upon whether we are using a single or multiple catalog file squeezed or unsqueezed files and have room for both CP M 80 and CP M 86 versions Various versions of FIND are found on Volumes 212 203 197 173 165 156 etc Other people far more ambitious than I use Ward Christensen s Master 200 Winston Drive Cliffside Park NJ 07010 Disk Cataloging System to keep track of their programs To set up the system you need FMAP COM on SIG M 072 for a multi drive system Use NEWQCAT ASM on 070 for a single drive system You also need CAT COM and UCAT COM on Vol ume 50 PC BLUE has a disk file catalog program on Volume 70 Another thing people do is keep track of their files by setting update attribut
221. ily added Improved RAM Disk Driver Chuck Weingart from Chicago pur chased a Microsphere RAM Disk at SOG IV and added some enhance ments to the RAM Disk software Enhancements Memory test of the RAM Disk during formatting Warm boots on 84 boards no longer switch the RAM disk to E Version of the RAM Disk driver now available for the MAX 884 8 ROM Rewritten MOVECPM allows moves of fractions of 1K The RAM Disk driver now requires only 512 bytes You can get a copy of the improved RAM Disk driver from the Micro Sphere Bend Kaypro Users Bulletin Z sersyou FREE Z Operating System an 8 bit OS that flies Optimized HD64180 Z80 assembly language code full software development system with proven linkable libraries of productive subroutines relocating ROM and RAM macro assembler linker librarian cross reference table generator debuggers translators and disassemblers ready to free High performance and flexibility Productivity results from dynamically customized OS environ ments matching operator tasks and machine Real time contro kernel option allows quick software development for industrial control applications other tools and utilities for office desk top personal computing functions local area networks to Ethernet AppleTalk Omninet ArcNet PC Net Sytek from micro to mainframe command control and communications Distributed processing application programs are easily Extreme organ
222. ing There was a time when the printed word was relegated to a very small minority to the priesthood almost What was it good for Well we had the Bible to explain the words of God where we were going where we were coming from and why things were difficult where we are now And we had encyclopedias and a few stories like Dante s Inferno and things like that Nobody needed the printed word The town crier came and told you if there was a fire If you needed a job you apprenticed yourself at age 12 or even before that for 6 or 7 years Nobody needed to use the printed word except for a very small priesthood Except for cuneiform every lan guage every written language has gone through two metamorphoses First was visual The first languages were pictures Chinese Egyptian Cuneiform I m told was phonetical ly based from the very beginning The languages that kept the visual image died Chinese by the way changed from being strictly visual to being a mixture of visual and phonetic But now our languages are phonetically based So we approach this business of writing down our languages in two vastly different ways one having to do with the eye and the other having to do with the ear Now the ear is more natural but the marks are more abstract We didn t realize at first that it was actually better to model our recording of information based on our sounds of the mouth rather than our eyes Could it be
223. ing signals SCSI has been unanimously approved as an interface standard by the ANSC X8T9 2 and a book of specs is in the works It s a welcome standard and should open up the possibilities for networks graphics and co processing For a copy of the ANSC X3T9 2 SCSI specifications write to X3 Secretariat Computer amp Business Equip Manu facturers Assoc 311 First St NW Suite 500 Washington D C Don t forget to send 20 and a self addressed mailing label For more SCSI info contact Rick Lehrbaum Ampro Computers Inc P O Box 390427 Mountain View CA 94039 Figure 1 Pascal and Modula I Sieves PROGRAM Sieve CONST SIZE 8190 VAR I PRIME K COUNT ITER BEGIN Writeln START FOR ITER 1 TO 10 DO begin COUNT 0 0 FOR I 0 TO SIZE DO FLAGS I TRUE FOR I 0 TO SIZE DO begin IF FLAGS I THEN begin K WHILE K lt SIZE DO begin FLAGS K FALSE K K PRIME END COUNT COUNT 1 END END END Writeln COUNT 4 PRIMES END Sieve 98 INTEGER FLAGS ARRAY 0 SIZE OF BOOLEAN EGA Graphic Standard Speaking of standards it looks like IBM s EGA will become the de facto for PC graphics Although EGA a full sized card for PCs hasn t sold well it s too expen sive many software vendors includ ing Digital Research and Microsoft are announcing driver support and several EGA compatible clones will be competing
224. ings establishing emergency credit teaching part time and self publish ing have all worked together to help me weather the bad times Perhaps your own special blend of diverse methods will help you survive the bad times on your own 85 Clearing Screen In MS DOS Owners of Kaypro 2s and 4s with SWP Co Power 88 boards installed running MS DOS 2 11 this is for you This is not for MS DOS 2 11A on 84 boards There is a nice little command to clear the screen in MS DOS called CLS The bad news is that the Kaypros respond to ADM 8A com mands not ANSI commands To defeat the curse of SWP you need to patch the COMMAND COM file on your MS DOS boot diskette The procedure is not difficult and can be done by a nonprogrammer by follow ing the following instructions Put a diskette in A containing DEBUG COM and COMMAND COM A gt DEBUG COMMAND COM er RR3959 cr 01 space 1A space 00 space 00 space 00 cr W cr Q cr A gt The is DEBUG s prompt The space represents the space bar the cr represents the RETURN key Other characters will appear on your screen so just key the above text as DEBUG will accept it You are altering 5 bytes from 04x1 ESC 2 J to 01H 1AH 00H 00H 00H Now switch your brain to CP M mode and TIl point you to the arrow key values when in MS DOS Using DDT you can change the Kaypro s arrows to match WordStar or whatev er This is accomplished by alt
225. ions You don t have to exit the program or reach for your pocket calculator just press a key and without leaving your word processor PRESTO a window opens on screen and a calculator appears When you re finished crunching numbers just hit a key and you re back to your word processor PRESTO will bring added power and productivity to virtually any software Order PRESTO now and add the features you want to the software you use Adds new features to Multi Function Software any software Supercharger package Notepad A screen oriented text editor that uses Wordstar commands and can be used within most existing CP M software The notepad can read and search disk files and save data to disk Sample applications provide index card Rolodex type functions an ASCII chart and an appointment book Timepad On clock equipped machines displays current time and date and a calendar for any month and year The stop watch function allows event timing and an alarm clock is available to ring the bell at a preassigned time no matter what other computing you re doing PRESTO supports many third party clock boards as well as Kaypro and Osborne Exec factory built in clocks Calculator Two major sets of functions are provided by PRESTO s calculator It operates as a standard four function three memory floating point calculator with a seven digit display and it s a programmers calculator featuring a number of special functions
226. ith 16 32 bit micro processor 16 bit Operating System 256 Kilo RAM Z80 interface 16 bit RAM disk driver CPM80 2 2 RAM disk driver e CPM 2 2 or CPM 3 compatibility e sources with tools hardware diagrams board level or case with power supply CO 1686 i R The only Z80 16 bit co processor includes INTEL 8086 6Mhz no wait states e MSDOS 2 11 IBM BIOS emulator Memory expansion to 768K 8087 math co processor e 3 channel Real Time Clock Runs many IBM PC applications Shares hard disk space with CPM80 PC diskette compatilibility on many systems CPM86 Concurrent CPM is coming CO 1668 The only Z80 16 32 bit co processor includes e MOTOROLA 68000 microprocessor 6 Mhz no wait states e CPM68K e Full C com piler with UNIX V7 library and floats e Memory expansion to 1 25 million bytes e NS16081 math co processor e Real Time Clock Complete soft ware development environment e 100 file compatible with CPM80 e OS9 68 UNIX look alike coming in February Dealer Distributor and OEM s invited Hallock Systems Company Inc 267 North Main Street Herkimer N Y 13350 315 866 7125 as a 101 r MEMN 7 Micro C works because it is a central information exchange for What information would you like to see in Micro C the doers in this crazy industry So we encourage you to shar
227. izational flexibility each directory another environment Aliases complex series of commands known by simple names with variable passing Named Directories with absolute password security Full screen command line editing with previous command recall and execution Shells and Menu Generators with shell variables Command file search Paths dynamically alterable Screen oriented file manipulation and automatic archiving and backup 512 megabyte file sizes 8 gigabyte disks handled Auto disk reset when changing floppies TCAP database handles characteristics of over 50 computers and terminals Tree structured online help and documentation subsystem e 76 syntax compatible support utilities Your missing link has been found Z Now fly with eagles Fast response efficient resource utilization link to rest of computing world shop floor to executive suite micro to corporate mainframe Call 415 948 3820 for literature Echelon Inc 101FirstStreet Suite427 LosAltos CA 94022 415 948 3820 Board 503 388 9944 between 5 30 PM and 8 30 AM Monday through Saturday or anytime Sundays It s a 300 1200 baud Team Smart Modem Before you can download the RAM Disk files you ll need to log on and wait for the SYSOP to validate you Alternatively you can send Micro Sphere 5 00 for a disk containing the driver Be sure to tell them which Kaypro and RAM disk you have The software for the PRO MAX 884 8
228. knowledge and learn some new tricks Imagine a town as far away as possible from ANYWHERE If you can t that s OK If you think you can you need to travel to Bend to re calibrate your thinking If man never landed on the moon landing in Bend would be a comparable achievement Don t get me wrong Bend is a beautiful town and not all that small Just don t get lost on the way Anyway I learned quite a bit at SOG and met people I had only heard or read about George Morrow of Morrow Jack Dennon of CP M Re vealed Dave Rand of Definicon Ezra Shapiro of BYTE etc etc Ferguson 256K RAMcard The 256K RAMcard from Ferguson Engineering is a small board that sits right on top of the 32 16K RAM chips on the Xerox 820 I board It will NOT work with the 820 II What you get is a 4x6 inch card that plugs into the 820 board in place of several chips You need to remove chips U71 U72 U73 U74 and U76 Take your time removing them and follow Jim s ad vice I did mine hastily at 2 a m and ended up jumpering a couple traces Once the chips are out adding the socket headers is easy This is a good time to test your board I recommend buying the replacement chips along with wirewrap sockets about 10 worth of parts The next step is to build the Ferguson card This is a breeze The fastest way is to install all the sockets soldering only pin 1 and the opposite corner pin 8 or 9 Make sure the sockets
229. l lines These can be eliminated with the brightness trimpot Warm up your computer for at least five minutes and then adjust the brightness until background fog and raster lines barely vanish but fore ground characters maintain normal brightness if you over adjust the screen characters will grow dimmer Check by turning the computer off for several minutes then powering up Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Finally If you have trouble locating or setting any of the adjustments con tact a dealer or your closest Kaypro computer club for assistance In a pinch you might even ask a friend who is handy with TVs Editor s note you may find a linearity control on your monitor The linearity and vertical height controls are part of the vertical oscillator and so they effect each other Changing the height may cause letters on part of the screen to stretch while others squish Using the linearity control to correct the stretch and squish will probably change the height Before changing either of these pots mark them You may be very glad you did C BUNDLE 99 VIEW CRT Based Disk Diagnostic EZZAP ROM Burning Utility includes schematic C PACK Utilities in C C Games User Modifiable Maze Game All are written in C include Source Code and available separately ICX TOOLKIT ICX ISIS to CP M or MS DOS exchanger for MDS and iPDS each 89 ISE ISIS Emulator for CP M CPM TM Digal Resear
230. ld be trivial if the chip select programming in the 80186 allowed for memory regions that large unfortunately it doesn t so we ll have to manufacture our own select line The required signals for decoding chip select are S2 memory reference from the CPU and A19 low if in bottom 512K Just disconnect the current CS and hook up the output of a NAND gate combining these signals Remember CS is asserted low S2 is asserted low and A19 is asserted high so you ll have to figure in the proper inversions of the signals Multiplexed Address Lines This is easy too All you need is a 2 to 1 multiplexer an LS157 with A19 and A18 on its inputs and RASO from the TMS4500 as the select line the one marked A not B Now hook the output of the MUX to A8 on the RAMs with a 33 ohm resistor You should probably drive the select line from RASO with two inverters in series The chip select for the MUX can simply be tied to ground always active More tips Use 74F xx parts for all additions Just solder the supply and ground pins of new chips to existing chips on the board bend out the remaining pins and use wire wrap wire for all other connections to the chips Brian Schieferstein and Richard Herr who sent details of this mod for the expansion board said they also replaced U10 and U12 with 74S8373s and changed U13 to a 74ALS244 presumably to clear up timing prob lems __ With the price of 256K RAMs under 3
231. lds th b MBADATA 89 00 A data base filing system usable without learning any special language or e games arent great but you can control codes Up to 253 characters 24 fields 900 records per file Sort print display any fields in learn how games are thought out any location in any order desired Menu driven with step by step prompts PROGRAMMER S CALCULATOR STANFORM 79 00 Need to fill out pre printed forms Then this program was made for you 7 Generates programs for printing data in the proper location on any pre printed form that will fit into a useful and educational tool shows your printer Each form need be generated only once as it is saved on disk the internal workings of a stack FINANCE 79 00 Personal finance prints checks posts to as many as 120 user assignable expense categories posts checks amp deposits reconciles multiple checking accounts etc Similar MPDE aie eerie ee program for up to 9 charge cards Extracts prints listings for various categories Squareroots squares does arithmetic TOUCHTYP 49 00 Parallels high school college level touchtyping course Displays typos final and stores and recalls to 6 memo score Timed speed drill mode Electronic typewriter mode converts your printer to a one line ry registers memory electronic typewriter with settable margins tabs line spacing etc MSBCHART 49 00 Prints alphabetized list of all variables amp line numbers referenced in any g program written in ba
232. like negate compliment and logical operations as well as binary decimal octal hexidecimal and character modes Screen Dump Send anything you see on the screen to your printer or to a disk file Print screen images of your favorite software packages for later reference or patch software screens directly into Wordstar files PRESTO is just 39 95 and is available for all Kaypro and Osborne CP M boiputets Disk Format Conversion Utility Now your computer can read write and format disks from other computers for less than 40 NEW VERSIONS MORE FORMATS MORE FEATURES With MEDIA MASTER your computer can exchange programs CP M to CP M or data files with most popular computers including the IBM PC New versions support hard disks RAM disks user areas and more Now available for Kaypro II 2 2X IV 4 amp 10 Osborne 1 and Executive Zenith Z100 and IBM PC and IBM compatibles like the support more than 70 formats All versions of MEDIA MASTER are 39 95 Call or write for full compatibility information LE a a a a EF I a a a aae aa I EI ra a a o a a a aaa POLIS IIT TS I TIES SOTO TIE ET IE OE EY TT a AREA Complete Business Graphics Toolkit Rem ra nd integration box line and circle drawing modes and much more Still just 79 95 BOARD is a full screen graphics editor which lets you create free hand drawings on screen GRAPH builds bar charts pie charts and xy plots from hand entered data or directly from data files generated by
233. linder This hex shaped tool will enable you to adjust the screen with the machine powered up thus saving you time Should you use a metal allen wrench an alternative we don t recommend unplug the computer first or you may damage the horizontal control Make trial and error adjustments until you re satisfied Try a full turn each time Vertical If the vertical size is off squashed or elongated locate the vertical ad justment trimpot You ll find a knurled knob on it which you can rotate with your fingers or with the insulated alignment tool mentioned above Power can be on during this adjustment but take care to keep your hands away from other compo nents If the picture isn t centered vertical ly both the vertical linearity and vertical hold knobs may need to be adjusted If you turn the hold knob too far the picture will roll as it does on a TV screen Make sure the squares are uniform and the pattern is centered Fuzz Use a magnifying glass to check for sharpness don t cut yourself If the setting is correct you ll see each character as a clearly defined string of dots If not you can adjust for maximum clarity with the focus ad justment trimpot Note that the best focus for the center of the screen may make the corners unreadable You may need to compromise a bit Contrast The most common misadjustment problem is green background fog or raster lines bright diagona
234. ll This will filter out the unwanted line feed The printer is programmed to insert a line feed when it senses a Carriage Return This gives you the desired single spaced format instead of the double format You can either build an external 5 volt supply or tap into the printer for the power requirements The 74LS244 allows you to bypass the 2716 EPROM if you want This is good for printing double spaced draft copies Aluminum Heatsink IN OUT 36 pin 2716 74L8244 36 pin female EPROM male 2 AO 8 11 3 A1 7 13 4 A2 6 15 5 43 5 17 6 A4 4 8 7 A5 3 6 8 A6 2 4 9 AT 1 2 9 9 2 DO 10 7 3 D1 11 5 4 D2 13 3 5 D3 14 12 6 D4 15 14 7 D5 16 16 8 D6 17 18 9 D7 2716 EPROM 74LS5244 21 5V 20 5V 24 5V 10 GND 12 GND 19 GND 22 GND 23 GND 18 22 Switch 1 19 Switch A single throw double pole switch is used to enable the EPROM and disable the LS244 or V S Use the LS244 only if you wish to retain the auto line feed Wire the switch as follows 1 Pins 18 and 22 of the EPROM go to one pole of the switch 2 Pins 1 and 19 of the LS244 go to the other pole 3 Center pole of the switch goes to ground 4 Use a 1K pullup resistor from pins 18 and 20 of the EPROM to 5V 5 Use a 1K pullup resistor from pins 1 and 19 of the LS244 to 5V All other cable pins are wired straight through i e female 1 to male 1 female 10 to male 10 etc Use your monitor or DDT to write the EPROM program in mem
235. lls with I O A D and D A conver sion They cost between 50 100K Microcomputers have changed that story dramatically You can use the Vesta system described in the last column for parallel serial A D and D A opera tions for under 500 Even the high speed Cypher board has 12 bit A D and D A built in The IBM PC has caused a minor revolution in this field Its open bus architecture has led to a proliferation of boards designed for data acquisi tion A computer interface board and software costs 3000 5000 and is as powerful as older 100K systems I ve used several data acquisition boards for the IBM PC and find the Qua Tech series well made and reason ably priced One customer is using these boards to monitor electric power stations keeping a time history of all surges and brownouts Another is using the bare PXB 721 to bring in CCD solid state detector images at 128Kb sec The Qua Tech system is modular The motherboard PXB 721 plugs into the PC bus and provides 72 I O lines using three Intel 8255 parallel I O units Three sockets on the mother board one for each 8255 can be used for expansion modules Qua Tech provides A D and D A converters which connect to these sockets The ADM12 10 A D module will be used here as an example of how the Qua Tech system works and how 1288 Nantucket Avenue Columbus OH 43220 so exciting in fact that I m collabo rating on a FORTH for the system Few peo
236. me I m very happy that it s not over for guys like IBM and Sperry and NCR because they re gonna hit the wall a year or a year and a half from now worse than we ever did Right now the government is buy ing computers like they re going out of style But I think the government is going to stop buying just as abruptly as the consumer stopped They re spending borrowed money now but they will stop as soon as the computers start falling off the desks when they become as underutilized there as they did in the homes And at that time these big guys are just going to be revved up turning the crank turning the flywheel at a real good clip and it s going to stop just like it did with us And there s going to be blood and guts and bones and I m going to be sitting there saying Well you got yours Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 What ll happen afterward is that the big guys will leave the business and then we ll just have the two of us who are left and we ll have a good business because there is a need for computers but we just don t have a need for as many computers as we have right now If my analogy of the printing press is correct we are the readers the university graduates of the 1400s But I maintain that we haven t start ed the rules of grammar yet We were the proper wave to decide the operating system issue What is good and what is not good in an opera
237. me date system files and LBR directories QBACKUP Copies and verifies only new or updated files QINSTALL Installs QP M on system tracks QPIP All PIP functions plus copies files with current or existing time date AII STAT functions plus shows or changes file date s archive bit and MORE QSUB Replaces SUBMIT and XSUB Has nesting capability internal command set including conditionals embedded XSUB and more Creates time date initialization module supports software clock Z Time or Optronics clock QSTAT TDCNFG QBIOS Available for the Kaypro Xerox 820 II Xerox 820 I and BigBoard I with Emerald Microware or SWP Dual Density 820 BB l QP M bootable disk will be shipped if QBIOS is ordered with QP M NEW PRODUCTS FROM MICROCODE KEYMAP Not just another keyboard configuration program Written exclusively for the Xerox 820 820 II Full ON SCREEN keyboard image while editing Create your own function keys Multiple custom keyboards can be created and any 2 can be instantly toggled SMARTROMS Add 820 1 features to your 820 1 BiqBoard l Provides real time clock screen dump screen program pause dumb terminal mode reset with CTRL ESC CRT blanking after 17 minutes of idle time 7 or 8 bit keyboard mode serial parallel printer routines 820 II 4 0x compatible vectors and MUCH MORE Replaces your socketed ROMs no soldering PRICES When ordering please specify your computer system and media preferenc
238. mediately after your IBM demonstrates the process And it ll be so fast the kid never know what hit him The only compatibility problem en countered so far has been with soft ware that uses hardcoded loops for timing Some things Flight Simula tor Pinball just run faster others some winchester device drivers don t work yet Besides being IBM compatible the system is FAST Until the X 16 I had never seen the sample CALC program that comes with Turbo Pascal compile in under 10 seconds While there is no video circuitry on the main board you can add any IBM video card you like and even though the video memory is on the 8 bit side of the data bus screen output is still quite impressive I didn t notice it to be any slower than my Slicer PC video board all of the Slicer s video memory is on the 16 bit bus Along with the X 16 PC Tech is selling IBM type cabinets and power supplies etc The entire system can be put together for about the same cost as areal IBM PC Tech is also offering custom CAD work to those of you who have a dream board all planned out on paper and are wanting to take the next step towards reality what a concept Little BIG Board Ampro was also at the SOG show ing their new Little Board 186 This machine is the same size as their Z80 Little Board the same size as a 5 disk drive It reminds me a lot of Slicer s uSlicer 188 except that it has a parallel port
239. mmunication Theory and new interfaces for the advanced hobbyist or the experienced system integrator Interface tutorials and How to for the less experienced or just about anyone who wants to save money adding additional devices to their PC Corporations institutions and libraries 88 year Special rates for Micro Cor nucopia readers Individual 36 companies 58 All outside U S Canada and Mexico 130 year Order by toll free number below or mail to Computing Inter faces P O Box 1296 Ridgecrest CA 93555 Include type and length of subscription and name and address Visa MC AmEx include card type account number expiration date and cardholder s signature POs accepted for corporate Visa MC AmEx PO call 1 800 443 0100 Ext 352 Any Time Computing Interfaces is published by Computing Technology 821 B Commercial Street Ridgecrest CA 93555 special section The System Integrator s Workbench how to add available hard disks floppies streaming tape drives instruments and communication devices to PCs actual step by step integra tion of devices into a microcomputer system including part numbers and sources SBC experiments exercises built around popular low cost single board com puters special prices available to subscribers for single board computers cases power supplies cable and connector technology for systems integration
240. moving more and more into applications software and re views A reader poll conducted by their reader poll department who else showed that the vast majority of their readers are no longer into hardware projects They want to be told which programs or systems to buy and how to use them an oy A David Thompson Editor amp Publisher 904 N 6th St Lake City MN 55041 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 O tober November 1985 612 345 4555 COD VISA MASTER CARD CERTIFIED FUNDS Complete Schematics amp Logic Diagrams For Your Computer Printer Monitor Disk Drives Whether you want to modify your computer system repair it or just understand it COMPUTERFACTS will show the way 58y TAKEN WAILE tions Parts lists cross referenced to stan dard parts Disassembly instructions Wir ing diagrams Proper waveforms amp voltages shown on schematics Troubleshooting techniques Block diagrams Test points 4 87 22V identified as high low or pulsing Quick 74LS17SPC P parts location using grid lined photographs And much much more For a limited time at low introductory prices Apple i amp I Plus together Ile Epson MxX 80F T MX 100 FX 80 A2M0003 disk drive A3M0039 monitor FX 100 printers 19 each Imagewriter printer 19 each 2ms Mem ioy THE A KEY Radio Shack TRS 80 26 1164 disk ATARI 400 800 computers 19 each drive 26 1160 disk drive DMP 120 printer 19 each Commodore 6
241. mp demand and our ing costs Shipping amp insurance extra Cash discount prices Orders received by 6 PM EM Osott by the next P via Federal Express Standard Air 6 00 or Priority One 15 00 LEAP INTO A NEW DIMENSION WITH AZTEC CII NI Full implementation of C with standard floating point library and I O subroutines UNIX VER 7 compatible Produces relocatable 8080 optional 0Z80 assembler code Relocating assembler and linker supplied with package or use Microsoft M80 and L80 SID ZSID debugger interface FAST COMPILATION AND EXECUTION AZTEC CII FOR CP M 199 Special price for Micro C subscribers 149 MANX software systems Concent Box 55 Shrewsbury N J 07701 201 780 4004 Also available for Apple DOS HDOS CP M 86 PC DOS atest CALENDAR CLOCK N ou 69 KIT WITH D Alt Works with any Z 80 based computer Currently being used in Ampro Kaypro 2 4 6 10 Morrow Northstar Osborne Xerox Zorba and many other computers Piggybacks in Z80 socket Uses National MM58167 clock chip as featured in May 82 Byte Battery backup keeps time with CPU power off Optional software is available for file date stamping screen time displays etc Specify computer type when ordering Packages available Fully assembled and tested 99 Complete kit 69 Bare board and software 29 UPS ground shipping 3 MASTERCARD VISA PERSONAL CHECKS MONEY ORDERS C O D S ACCEPTED N Y STATIE RE
242. n finding out more contact Echelon Inc 101 First Street Suite 427 Los Altos CA 94022 415 948 3820 The telephone number for the main ZCPR3 Z System electronic bulletin board Z Node Central is 415 489 9005 BACK UP YOUR BIG BOX CP M 2 2 COMPUTER A amp T Computer 2 80 765 FDC 256K RAM 192K RAM DISK centronics parallel 2 RS 232 54 SSDD drive DR s CP M 2 2 in ROM 120VAC supply 3 x 7 x 13 in Substitute DSDD Drive in above NEW COMPANION II A amp T Computer 64180 42 80 superchip 765 superchip 256K RAM centronics parallel 2 RS 232 5 DSDD drive as designed by Steve Ciarcia Sept BYTE with BIOS CIARCIA S SBC 180 board only A amp T SBC 180 A amp T with BIOS METAL CABINETS with 120VAC supply mounting space for drive SBC 180 and modem PORTABLE BOX for 3 drive 12V 1 5A 5V 1 5A 12V 1A 3 x 5 x 8 in COMPANION BOX for 5 drive 12V 1 8A 5V 2 5A 12V 1A 3 x 6 x 10 in WIDE BOX for 4 5 drives 12 V 3 6A 5V 5A 12V 1A 9 x 6 x 10 in A TALL BOX for 2 8 2 5 2 3 drives no supply INTERCONNECT WITH A NET HARWARE RS 232 based node features channels for easy application Uses existing serial read write capabilities Enhance with communications programs A NET EVALUATION KIT minimum A NET purchase includes 3 nodes 120VAC supply and tele modular cables Mix or Match A NODE DB 25 male PC NODE DB 25 female Mac NODE DB 9 male ae lt COMPANION COMP
243. nals to connector on main board e On board circuitry handles clock and data separator switching from drive select e Composite video adaptor on X120 board e3 1 2 x 4 high quality solder masked double sided board with manual and schematic e Designed to work with XPRO or PLUS2 rom sets Bare DO ard ie vccs see ate eae ates T bea A Leta EAS 26 00 Board assembled and tested 0005 120 00 Board with full kit 00 EE ETTE T 95 00 WD2793 controller chip 0 2 0 0 cece eee eee eee 24 00 Hard to find parts set eats Moe ints 12 00 See below for board with rom packages XPRO ROM SET by Micro Cornucopia Turns your Xerox 820 1 into a Kaypro compatible with superior speed and versatility e Runs 63K system for more available TPA e Fast video and parallel keyboard drivers e Auto boot capability boots from 8 or 5 e Rom monitor functions with menu of options e Centronics and serial printer drivers included selectable using IOBYTE e 98 software compatible with both Xerox 820 and Kaypro e Automatically selects disk formats for Kaypro Il 191K SSDD 48TPI 5 4 Kaypro 4 390K DSDD 48 TPI 5 14 Kaypro 8 784K DSQD 96 TPI 5 4 Xerox 820 1 82K SSSD 48TPI 5 IBM 3740 241K SSSD 8 standard Xerox 8 8 SSDD 596K same as BB Il 8 DSDD 1 212M e True double sided operation e Can be operated with a terminal for console device e Includes
244. nboard The SIP single inline package DRAMs they re using have been dropping in price at about the same rate as standard DRAMs so although they are still slightly more expensive than the standard 41256s the cost is quite reasonable Dean also included on the X 16 a SASI port for connecting winchester drives and other SASI type peripher als Since the PC expansion slots are totally IBM compatible you can hook a winchester up that way too Another feature of the X 16 is the EPROMs Yes you actually do get EPROMs with PC compatible calls Earl says this is something to watch for when looking at kit compatibles since most manufacturers sell their boards with no software expecting you to steal a copy of someone s IBM ROMs Naughty naughty Speaking of software the X 16 boots standard PC DOS CP M or Concurrent PC DOS Unlike the EPROMs the operating systems can be purchased legally at any computer store for a very reasonable price No Problem The X 16 IS compatible too Dean and Earl had their display unit run ning flight simulator nearly constant ly just to prove their point No problem became a common phrase around PC Tech s table Will it run Lotus No problem Can I use the Definicon 32032 with the X16 No problem What about copy protected software No problem Flight Simulator Read my LIPS Okay then will it change my kid s diaper Im
245. nd dollar credit limit Financial institutions are funny that way They just love to extend credit to people who don t need it When I went in to apply for the line of credit the branch manager was extremely helpful and showered me with goodies like free checking free travelers checks free safe deposit box etc We had become instant friends And why not That s what they re in business to do You just have to plan ahead to take advantage of it Actual mileage may vary but good deals are available with higher than passbook interest for your nest egg It may or may not have been the best deal but I had secured this credit at the peak of the good times instead of waiting for the bad times to hit and having to beg for a loan But remem ber because of the high interest rate you pay for this cushion it is to be used only after your nest egg is exhausted or severely threatened But what if you find you re unable to build that nest egg quite yet and new FREE CATALOG CP M Engineering Professional Software BV MSDOS e LOCIPRO Root Locus 69 95 e ACTFIL Active Filter Design Analysis 69 95 e STAP Static Thermal Analysis 69 95 MATRIX MAGIC Matrix Manipulation 69 95 RIGHTWRITER Proofreader amp Writing Style Analyzer 74 95 ACNAPZ AC Circuit Analysis 69 95 DCNAP DC Circuit Analysis 69 95 SPP Signal System Analysis 69 95 PLOTPRO Scientific G
246. nd labor 8 FLOPPY DRIVES Siemens FD200 8 DSDD 8 Floppy Drives Shugart 850 Compatible 185 NEW 8 DRIVE SUB SYSTEM includes 2 FDD 200 8 DSDD Drives Vertical Case and Power Supply 569 NEW ST 212 10 MEG 1 2 HIGH ST 225 20 MEG 1 2 HIGH XEROX 820 1 amp II Disk Drives Cables 5 1 4 ssccasnees 20 Disk Drive Cable SB cccsccsssccscnees 30 8 5 Multiplexer Box csccccseces s 149 Run 8 amp 5 1 4 drives simultaneously 8 100 Host Xebec Multibus Host Xebec Software Xerox amp Bigboard Host Epic Western Digital 1002 05HDO Tech Info 214 272 5724 m TOLL FREE ORDER LINE 1 YEAR FULL WARRANTY Every unit is throughly tested before shipping and our EPIC SALES SPECIAL 5 1 4 SEAGATE WINCHESTER DRIVES WINCHESTER CONTROLLER amp HOST BOARDS OTC 5150BX IBM Winchester Controller ZOBEX TI PC Winchester Controller cecscenees 350 XEBEC 1410 Controller secccccvcncccccancssccre 249 Apple Host Xebec sccccss evscaccucccacenccaccce 125 1 800 223 3742 TERMS Master Card Visa American Express add 3 service charge Allow 10 days for TECH SERVICE HOTLINE if you have a question or a problem Call our service technicians 5 1 4 HALF HIGH DRIVES For IBM PC TI PC Xerox 820 and others _ Epson SD 521 SA 455 Compatible 40 Track 48 TPI DSDD 119 NEW Case amp P S for 2 amp 1 4 Half High Drives 72 399 499 POWER SUPPLIES IBM PC Repl
247. nd processor CCP is the part of the operating system that accepts commands from the keyboard i e it is the part you deal with while you are not running a program ZCPR1 was famous for such niceties as searching the A drive for a program if the program isn t available on the default drive and for paging 24 lines at a time under the TYPE command ZCPRI1 was released to the public domain and as everyone knows just about everything in the public domain gets revised and expanded Thus we have seen ZCPR2 and 3 The following is a detailed description of ZCPR3 by its author Richard Conn ZCPR3 is a command processor replacement for CP M that s both upwardly compatible with CP M 2 2 and a lot more versatile Some of ZCPR3 s features are Extensions to the CP M directory concept and command processing al gorithm Command search hierarchy and directory search path Multiple commands on a single line and chaining Command scripts An integrated command file mon itor The Environment Descriptor The heart of ZCPR38 the environ ment descriptor Z3ENV for short is a data buffer which all ZCPR3 tools examine to determine key aspects of the ZCPR3 environment Let s say we locate the Z3ENV above the BIOS at a convenient location When Z3INS installs the system s tools it gives them the address of this data buffer and tells them about the system environment 1 Locations of the comman
248. ne all the primitives into one high level handler as shown by FASTER This gives a 1 8KHz throughput Since the conversion takes only 25 microseconds WAIT is not really needed since the colon word overhead is sufficient to ensure conversion Removing WAIT from FASTER gives you a 2 4KHz throughput Writing A D in assembly lan guage cranks FASTEST up to 12 5KHz The conversion throughput should approach 40KHz What s going on First the acquisition of a single continued next page 69 FORTHwords continued from page 69 sample has been optimized with FASTEST but multiple samples still use the stack for storage The abso lute best would be to pass a buffer address and count to FASTEST and have it fill the buffer before returning Even then we can t reach 40KHz The 8 bit architecture is a contribut ing factor since two fetches are necessary to acquire the 12 bits We could turn off the COB to binary con version during acquisition performing the conversion after filling the buffer Time is required to start the next sample which could be eliminated if the A D converter could be run in an automatic recycle mode perhaps an external clocked trigger Interrupt Mode You might think that hardware interrupting would be faster than polled status waiting Not so On the IBM PC interrupts are handled by an 8259 vectored interrupt controller To handle an interrupt the following sequence i
249. ne end and gently pull this strip loose This rubber strip covers the 100 pin expansion connec tor Low Prices Quality 16 Now back on top unscrew the screw at the right rear of the circuit board Lift up the board and take a look at the component side 17 Unclip your wrist strap from the cabinet and clip it to either of the legs of one of the bypass capacitors which line the top RH side of the board you re looking at the component side now The board is standing up with the keyboard ribbon cable still con Technical Support The SBC Mart Where you can buy the SBC or Computer that meets Your needs October November SPECIALS MOTHERBOARD Fully IBM PC XT compati ble 256K 8 adapter slots runs all PC soft ware including PC DOS Reg 295 Special Only 220 0K 260 256K MEMORY Nine chips 64K 9 CASE This is simply the best IBM look alike case we ve ever seen High quality side switch slide out chassis any combo disk drive brackets 4 cutout covers motherboard hardware 5 or 8 slot specify Special Only 69 Reg 95 DRIVE HARDWARE KIT Full and half high blank panels drive mounting screws 5 card guides 2 cutout covers Only 8 when bought with case kit alone 14 95 PC DOS Not just MS DOS this is IBM PC DOS 3 1 Reg 65 58 with motherboard MULTIFUNCTION CARD Expands to 384K RAM clock cal with battery serial parallel game ports Reg 195 Special 0K 145 MONOCHROME
250. ne orders welcome Please specify Disk format CP M 8 IBM format KAYPRO II XEROX 820 OSBORNE I others Please specify method of shipment UPS or Postal Service California residents add 6 Sales Tax Dealer Inquiries invited 47 dBASE To Bibliofile In Small C By Michael Marsh Ima graduate student in biology and write many formal papers requir ing bibliographies I use NewWord and dBASE II on my Kaypro 4 84 for writing and data base management and I like them But I hadn t succeed ed in producing printed bibliographies in standard format Enter Bibliofile Then a new program the Martz Bibliofile promised to solve my prob lem to search text and write the bibliography automatically from the citations in the text Bibliofile works great but it s picky about format It expects 1 Each field on a separate line 2 Each field prefixed with a certain character x 3 Records separated by a blank line 4 Six fields per record See Figure 1 Notice the a before every record s author field the y for every year etc But that s not how it was stored in dBASE I already had 238 citations keyed into my dBASE data base and I didn t want to type them again Instead I wanted to convert them from dBASE data to Bibliofile data That meant I needed to know how the two file formats differed Comparing The Formats I told dBASE to output a text file COPY TO BIBLIO TXT DELI
251. ng brackets or filler plates not supplied with the drive All drives carry a 90 day guarantee A 221 Low Level Chopper Amplifier Low Drift lt 0 03 4 V C lt 2pA C low noise lt 0 14V p p lt 3pA p p Gain Nonlinearity lt 0 002 Gain Range 10 to 108 Hi Input Z 10 20 00 Model 110 Naked A D Converters Accuracy and Versatility at Low Cost Resolu tions to 1 Part in 120 00 Counts Nonlinearity is lt 0 0025 Auto Zero Correction Network Rejects 50 Hz 60Hz Normal Mode Signals 20 00 OP 08 PMI 3 00 Single Piece 100 Piece 4 00 2 00 90 45 40 20 6 00 5 00 12 00 14 00 4 00 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 New PIO For The Big Board By Robert S Regan After purchasing a PC board and software from Andratech for their EPROM programmer I decided it was time to add another PIO to the BB The Andratech programmer inter faces to any CP M computer using two 8 bit ports one input and output Since I was already using the GP PIO on my BB for printing and satellite antenna positioning I chose to expand the BB I O I used the circuit in Figure 1 The decoding closely follows that of the original circuit Building I built the circuit on a piece of vector board 2 75 by 5 soldering a 40 pin dip carrier on the bottom side and mounted a 40 pin socket on top I soldered together all the correspond ing pins This carrier plugs into the Z80 socket on the BB
252. ng text editing the batteries should last a bit longer Display The display is low power and reportedly it will display Flight Simu lator graphics and all Those are the good things The rest of my feelings about the display are listed under Irritations below Kaypro is looking diligently at new displays including some of the fancy plasma devices Hooray I hope they update the older units Keyboard I really like the keyboard on this system It has a light touch but isn t chintzy like the recent 2s and 4s There is no separate numeric key pad but you can hit a special num lock key and get a fairly good substi tute using the J K L U I O 7 8 9 M keys for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 I would imagine however that the strange relationship between the numbers will drive 10 key operators nuts Otherwise I really like the layout of the keys The control key is right next to the A key hooray and the return is right next to the apostrophe The layout is much closer to the CP M 80 Kaypros than IBM s kludge I was particularly excited about the removable keyboard Gee finally someone designed a system for us lap keyboarders But because the whole system sits on my lap I seldom have a reason to remove the keyboard I still like the idea Irritations Even though this system is practi cally identical to what I would have built for myself given unlimited bud get it has some shortcomings Screen Angle Fir
253. notable one kits and boards are generally following the technology not leading it And they aren t a significant bargain if all you want is compatibility Compaq Desk pros sell complete for 1200 from discounters and they have fast 8086s You can buy a Zenith computer ready to run for less than the equivalent Heathkit But does all this matter Do we care if we re using the best selling operat ing system We just want to build and modify systems write utilities swap software take a handful of parts and create life Of course if we want to swap software or design products that other people can use we have to have a standard If we want to keep building and learning then we ll eventually have to move beyond the Z80 If we want to stop look at what weve accomplished smell the roses and pick the daisies that s OK too But daisies aren t the leading edge of technology At least not any longer In This Issue In the Xerox Column Mitch Mlinar covers a very poorly understood part of the Z80 Interrupts Interrupts are supported on the Big Boards and the 820s and they are a really neat way to support all kinds of I O sorts of things like keyboards serial ports and par allel ports without tying up the processor Our fast terminal software for the Kaypro uses interrupts A neat discussion In his ZCPR8 article Richard Conn gets right into the gnits and gnats of his fancy CCP replacement If you
254. note Well if I m going to live with a single drive a 720K drive is going to make the living a lot easier The 3 1 2 drives look identical to a quad density 5 drive as far as the computer is concerned so there shouldn t be much problem hooking up a standard quad unit to the 2000 The 3 1 2 disks should be good travelers First there s a nice protect ed spot inside the system to store two disks Second the disks have their own rigid plastic cases and they fit into a shirt pocket If these solid little disks will be dependable performers like my 8 then I won t have to worry about doing all those nasty backups How ever the 2000 and I spent a day traveling in a hot car and some of the files I d been able to read very consistently are now giving me read errors though everything is cool again One thing I noticed in the car was that the 2000 s black aluminum case gets very hot very quickly when exposed to the bright sun Black is the best color for radiant heat absorption and aluminum conducts heat very quickly It s a great package if you want a hot computer Adding RAM The 2000 comes stock with 256K of dynamic CMOS low power RAM There is room inside the machine for three sets of 256K parts each set is 8 40 parts no parity All you have to do to have 640K of usable RAM is stuff 16 more CMOS dynamic RAM chips into the empty sockets Unlike the K16 there are no
255. nsen it works Hardware The solder job was easy Twenty feet of 25 strand ribbon cable plus one male and one female subminiature connector Wire 2 goes to wire 3 on the other end and wire 3 to wire 2 Do the same with wires 4 and 5 A null modem they say To defeat the Kaypro s mysterious DTR handshak ing just jumper wires 6 and 20 together at one end or other Hand shaking can be handled by sending a character back from the receptor com puter I haven t lost a byte yet Setting Up For Monster Baud A long dip into the IBM tech manual and the Kaypro ROM listing yielded the needed port calls The ports and initialization are the same for all Z80 Kaypros Though I ve included some assem bly language in the listings many implementations of C provide in and out port routines The assembly rou tines shown in Figure 1 work for Software Toolworks C 80 The Overall Design What evolved was a C routine that runs with minimal tinkering on both computers Two modes of operation are possible Without a command line argument the computer goes into the receive mode and waits for a null terminated string which it uses for the file name After opening the file it squirrels away the stream of bytes until receiv ing eight ASCII 4s in a row Then it closes the file and waits for the next file name No self respecting file text or binary would have eight ASCII 4s in a row would it Please tell me that s
256. nuclear powers the source concluded i Looks like 37 was about right soloia 95 The Pascal Runo Im not going to beat around the bush about this contest see the Editorial for bush beating In short we re having a contest you re invited in fact we re not inviting anyone else and the prizes are really spiffy So Let s Get To The Prizes The Grand Prize is your choice of a Microsphere Megabyte RAM DISK or Trevor Marshall s 32032 Coprocessor kit It s the full 1 megabyte 32032 board that plugs into the K16 or any other PC clone Each of the Next Five Scorers receive the following Choice of two products from Borland including the Modula 2 Compiler AND choice of 100 worth of products from Micro C What To Do To Get A Prize To enter just write a program in Turbo Pascal and send it to Micro C Make sure you specify Turbo Pascal Contest on the envelopes so we ll know it s an entry If possible include a listing on paper along with your disk We re not looking fora magnum opus just something useful or interesting or both It doesn t have to be long a lot can be said in Turbo in 100 lines This contest is intended to encourage concise clear programming style Contest deadline is November 1 and we ll announce the winners in the February March 86 issue of Micro C Scoring Programs will be judged by Philippe Kahn and t
257. o Cornucopia P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 5060 9 5 PST Monday Friday r FINALLY THE LIGHT DAWNS FOR CP M USERS With the MRS OS Source Code you can see the light If you own a CP M compatible operating system you ve had to put up with the mistakes and quirks of someone else s programming Until now Now you can see the light with MRS OS In fact MRS is a full operating system designed to replace CP M 2 2 or CDOS and it comes with complete source code MRS is designed for Z80 processors runs CP M software and can interface directly to a CP M BIOS saving you a lot of sysgen time With MRS you get more than what you pay for For under forty dollars you receive fully commented source code for standard and extended BDOS functions a sample BIOS our all in one utility package and a 130 page manual So if you re tired of being in the dark with some other guy s program here s the answer to your prayers 7 includes shipping amp handling in N America overseas add 12 Mass orders include 5 sales tax Order oe phone 24 bours a day 617 478 3102 Ga Tech inquiries 7 30pm 10 30pm EST Wed ONLY Tech line closed August 7 amp 14 INC CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research Corp CDOS is a registered trademark of Cromemco Corp Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Se ee es ee SPECIAL FREE OFFER TO 8 DISK USERS ACT NOW and
258. o wants to spend your valuable time programming instead of twiddling your thumbs waiting for slow compilers who just wants to work fast then it s time you programmed with the BDS C Compiler BDS C is designed for CP M 80 and provides users with quick clean software development with emphasis on systems programming BDS C features include Ultra fast compilation linkage and execution that produce directly executable 8080 Z80 CP M command files e A comprehensive debugger that traces program execution and interactively displays both local and external variables by name and proper type Dynamic overlays that allow for run time segmentation of programs too large to fit into memory A 120 function library written in both C and assembly language with full source code Plus e A thorough easy to read 181 page user s manual complete with tutorials hints error messages and an easy to use index it s the perfect manual for the beginner and the seasoned professional An attractive selection of sample programs including MODEM compatible telecommunications CPIM system utilities games and more A nationwide BDS C User s Group 10 membership fee application included with package that offers a newsletter BDS C updates and access to public domain C utilities BDS C is designed for use with CP M 80 operating systems version 2 2 or higher It is not currently available for CP M 86 or MS DOS
259. ocomputers with 2 disk drives and printer capable of 132 columns for maximum usage See description in February 1985 issue of Popular Computing Recently endorsed as a data file standard Supplied on 8 SSSD 5 25 Kaypro and most others please write Special introductory offer by ABLE DATA SOFTWARE INC P O Box 86923 Dept C North Vancouver B C V7L 4P6 Only USA 19 95 postpaid check or money order Offer expires Oct 31 1985 due to the cost of display advertising For Sale Northstar Horizon S 100 bus 4MHz CPU with 48K of RAM DC Hayes 300 baud S 100 modem W MODEM6 Two SSDD 5 25 floppy drives Parallel and serial ports CP M Northstar DOS WordStar Super Calc several languages and scads of other software with documentation 750 Heath H 19 terminal available at additional cost Karl Montstream 3414 75th Ave NW Gig Harbor WA 98335 206 265 2152 Public Domain UG Software Rental CP M UG Vol 1 92 on 46 8 floppies 45 SIG M UG Vol 1 216 on 108 8 floppies 125 PICONET Vol 1 34 on 17 8 floppies 25 Pascal Z UG Vol 1 25 13 8 floppies 25 KUG Charlottesville 39 disks 25 IBM PC SIG 1 300 PC DOS 325 PC Blue 1 110 MS DOS 125 directory disks 5 PP Also available on 209 5 25 formats Rental is for 7 days after receipt with 3 more days grace for return Credit cards accepted preferred Downloading disk format conversions Call User Group Software Automatic Update Service 7 50 per 2 volum
260. oes and dump it to the screen Then observe the rising edge on Q101 s collector Step 3 If you get dark vertical bars care fully adjust L301 length and L303 width The bars might be coming from parasitic oscillations Step 4 In this last and most complicated part of the mod we ll incorporate line retrace blanking We could have han died this digitally in step 1 but no suitable pulse exists Instead we ll use the old fashioned method of feeding pulses to a grid of the CRT See Figures 2 and 3 Wind a coil on the line output transformer about 30 turns The winding should produce negative pul ses 50 80 volts peak to peak i Move C104 from the point where R112 and R113 meets to the point after R113 and increase its value to 110 uF Connect diodes capacitor and resis tor according to the schematic If you get waves try not to make them on the left edge of the screen it s due to ringing Experiment with the value of R and choose the one which produces the best results Good luck and happy viewing Xerox 820 1 amp lI EPROM PROGRAMMER Programs 2716 32 32A 64 64A 128 256 and more It connects to parallel port and uses the system s power supply It can read copy verify display edit checksum and save or load promfiles from disk Completely built amp tested Includes software on 5 4 or 8 user s manual a 40 pin ribbon cable ready to be plugged into the
261. ogram is de signed to provide summary informa tion a few convenience utilities and some source file maintainence from within Turbo by using the eXecute command Installation is with a program gen erated by Borland s GINST utility and should be no problem to anyone who has installed Turbo Pascal on his own system After some start up messages the main menu allows selec tion of these functions ASCII table control codes functions printable characters with hex and decimal values Compiler directives list with brief description Number base conversions from to binary octal decimal and hex Editor commands default WordStar Standard functions list with brief description Standard procedures list with brief description Calendar lets you look at any month this century then flip forward back Turbo Access bug fixes details source changes to fix them continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 15 OKIDATA PRINTER MICROLINE 80 COD ADD 2 7 X 9 IMPACT DOT MATRIX NEW RIBBON 80 CPS 10 CPI 6 OR 8 LINES PER INCH 3 TO 12 INCH FORM FEED TRACTOR amp FRICTION BUILT IN SELF TEST REMOVED FROM SERVICE PARALLEL INTERFACE CENTRONICS COMP 99 00 SERIAL INTERFACE 119 00 Z 125 ZENITH 10 12 13 2 16 5 CPI RS 232 150 CPS WITH BLOCK GRAPHICS 95 ASCII CHARACTERS STORE DEMO 400 00 KEYBOARD MICROSWITCH 113 KEYS 8 BIT ASCII PAR
262. ome of these some of those to control some signals in your computer NAND Some gates are easier to build and some gates are obviously more useful It happens that a combination of two of these simple gates NOT and AND can create a very useful and particu larly easy to build gate the NAND Not AND NAND s components NOT and AND are Sletten shanna NAND the inverse of an AND is Der siesta The bubble on the output end of the NAND gate is a shorthand way of saying that the output is inverted In fact anytime you see a bubble on a chip either on an input or output the designer is telling you that the signal is inverted as it goes through the bubble Figure 1 shows what happens to the output of a NAND gate when the inputs go high or low Either A or B or both have to be low for the output to be high If A and B are both high both transistors conduct That is they provide a direct connection between the collector C and the emitter E so the output point is connected to ground If either or both transistors are turned off then the output point is disconnected from ground Its only connected then to 5V through the 250 ohm resistor so it goes high You can see that our NAND gate resembles the inverting buffer from Issue 25 we ve just added a second transistor Micro C Staff Exit Stage Right I hope I ve sparked a little logical interest If you want to know more I
263. one 203 355 3178 The Public Domain By Stephen M Leon Scattered through the public do main libraries and on the bulletin boards are a collection of programs that run from two to 20K but give you gigabytes of power There are com mercial vendors of some fine utilities such as POWER or NORTON but nowhere else is the adage you get what you pay for proved so wrong as when we talk about the nuclear power of public domain the public utili ties If you read some of the classified ads in Computer Shopper or some of the real small ads in the magazines you see there are a few people trying to sell individual utility programs usually pricing them from 29 95 and up Even if the utility isn t just a rip off of a public domain utility then it is still in most cases available else where at no charge Moreover in all probability the free version is superi or to the one that s for sale Perhaps that s why the better com mercial utility vendors put together packages of programs Fortunately for the users the best in utilities is available in public domain software Programs You Must Have It s hard to believe that there are people in this world who have never heard of UNERA The last release in CP M 80 was on SIG M Volume 147 A version for CP M Plus is on 212 and one for CP M 86 can be found on 172 A comparable program for PC DOS called UNDEL is on PC BLUE Volume 121 The file management
264. oreign add 5 00 Requires 32K CP M Formats 8 SS SD or 5 SS DD for KayPro e MS DOS version available CP M is a trademark of Digital Research P O Box 65 Bend OR 97709 MC 503 382 8048 Visa 11 The S 100 Bus By Dave Hardy Bus arbitration is one of the features of the IEEE 696 S 100 bus that makes it so useful in a multi processing environment By allowing different processors to control the S 100 bus in a prioritized manner the performance of an S 100 computer can easily rival and sometimes exceed that of a mid sized computer system Bus Arbitration Made Easy Probably the nicest thing about the S 100 arbitration scheme is its sim plicity Figure 1 shows a bus arbitra tion circuit taken from the IEEE 696 specification that would typically be found on each processor board in a multi processor TurboDos based sys tem The S 100 bus can handle up to 16 temporary bus masters in the same frame Arbitration among these 16 is controlled by the S 100 bus four open collector TMA temporary master ar bitration lines TMAO TMA3 Each temporary master on the bus has a unique priority that it can assert onto these lines whenever it wants to take over control of the bus The bus arbitration circuitry which must be present on each temporary master board will then decide if that board may have control of the S 100 bus If the bus is busy the arbitration circui try will deny acce
265. oretically you could set it up for one segment the size of your memory and then unsegment your code com pletely Of course then you couldn t run your unsegmented program on any previous Intel processors Motorola Motorola OS 9 CPM68K UCSD P UNIX The plethora of incompati ble operating systems hasn t helped the 68000 The fact that none of these operating systems deals with graphics or sound UNIX may be huge but it hasn t said a mumblin word has also hurt However the 68000 was de signed to use large memories You get real linear address space without playing games so this processor is much easier to program than the XXX86 Or is it the amp 86 The 68000 is not a static design The 68010 has some really zingy instructions including a very fast loop on previous instruction that makes just about anything run like an LDIR And I ve heard they ve bor rowed some good ideas from the 32000 series National National MS DOS XENIX UNIX Actually the 32032 doesn t really see MS DOS but it can run on a PC running MS DOS if you have Trevor s board One interesting thing about this processor is that its in struction set is orthagonal i e you can use all addressing modes with all instructions The number of combina tions is incredible Also the instruc tions were especially designed to make it easy to write compilers and multi user operating systems Wirth is using the 32016 in
266. ory starting at 100H Use CP M s SAVE command I named it ASCII OBJ to store it on disk You can burn an EPROM directly from ASCII OBJ Anthony J Gasbarre Box 70 Sullivan NH 03445 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 87 AMPRO Littie Board MAIN FRAME Assembled amp Tested e Heavy Duty All Metal Cabinet Fan amp Dust Filter Hefty 5 amp 42 Regulated Supply Runs Floppy Drives amp Computer Boards Accepts 5 Drives Full or Half 2 ea DB25 1 ea Centronics Connector Cutouts Front Panel Reset amp Power Switch e Power Harness From Supply to Drives amp Board Line Fuse EMI Filter Detachable Line Cord I O amp Drive Data Cables Available Separately e Cabinet amp Power Supply Available Separately AMPRO amp Little Board are IM AMPRO computers i Write or call for our brochure which includes our application note Making micros better than any ol box computer 1 Piece 2800 5 Drive amp Little Board Enclosure includes power supply amp fan NEN ANL Call for quantity pricing 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 209 654 4203 Disk Drives and Little Board not included We accept BankAmericard Visa and MasterCard DRIVE ENCLOSURES FLOPPY WINCHESTER TAPE iwen we FROM 80 a includes Power Supply e Desktop amp Rack e Heavy Duty All Metal Cabinet e Fan amp Dust Filfer e Hefty Power Supplies e Full or Slim Driv
267. os To think there s not going to be another is to think the sun isn t going to rise There will be another wave of new computers and those computers have to be as different from micros as micros were from minis None of us including yours truly can see the shape of that Because we re all part of the present wave just as Data General and DEC had no idea what was happening in micros there s no reason to think we will be any smarter about what will happen next Fuel From The Past I think I have a candidate for the technology that will shape the next wave and let s get at it by examining the technology that fueled other waves Mainframes were fueled by the transistor Big computers existed be fore transistors but the big rollout of mainframes occurred with the inven tion of the transistor The transistor was invented and improved during the period the big computers were being built Somewhere in the 60s when the mainframes were on a big roll the fuel for the next wave the minis began to get into place the integrated circuit Small and medium scale integrated circuits were the technology of the mini computers I can remember seeing the cover of Electronics Magazine with a picture of the Data General circuit board and the big surprise was that they d managed to put a complete CPU on one 15x15 circuit board They did it using SSI circuits Things called 7489 and 74181 were invented to make it pos
268. ot strict about what they distribute through their library but they get lots of volumes or disks out into the public domain PC Blue and PC SIG which now has over 300 volumes and sells an IBM manual sized catalog for 8 95 and a directory of its catalog on disk circulate a lot of programs that wouldn t otherwise reach a wide pub lic Often these large library groups are a software writer s only alterna tive for publication Micro C just now entering the MS DOS public domain charges 12 per disk including shipping gives away a catalog and distributes fewer more carefully edited disks We promote the programs we think are the most useful the most fun or the most challenging We re convinced our weeding helps by letting the good programs get better known and encouraging good programming On every disk we include each program s documentation as much as we can find or make up and a disk doc file of our experiences with the pro grams If our experiences are too hairy you won t see the programs If we have the program s source we distribute it In general we pass on the free programs we re using and encourage you to pass them on yourselves We don t knowingly distribute crippled programs i e ones with key fea tures disabled that require expensive updates or licensing And we discour age programmers long pitches for contributions If a programmer wants to
269. ough rundown on your video section complete with u sample video control programs in assembly language and O ah Per Q Pascal Of course all packages contain serial and parallel Sing M tha rF tth Se Neag y deg Yp to O R port details and programming examples as well as 4 AN at as s ec tab hEn he 4 D complete coverage of the processor clock 1 O and S A 2 Or Oma t eD gt PE Cw g vene A ley disk controller information that is not even available in O nd it ed Caly fe fo Np ch Caty able Kaypro s own Dealer Service Manualh F Co Sti Is w y fig g Ich arac es ne 0 8 Kaypro Schematic Packages Selec 7 Ur Se d nj he T es q ter Ude no N E wW Kaypro Il amp 4 pre 84 eee cece eee 20 Ary able i You y Sq Sin Ww ds Kaypro 10 Pre 84 cceeeeceeveeues 20 teg SS of Curso et 9S f by hag Kaypro 84 series 1 amp 4 sce cece eee 20 Wire the OF bj A th Or Ro Sng Pe All prices include postage Ve kin 7 e or S Mdoe Decoder Board Plus With this nifty little plug in board your e Pro 8 ROM can access up to four 54 nsi ty drives You just plug a four drive 34 pin cable yy 80 into this board and you can add up to two dri additional drives luad d es Now you can run any mix of 191K 390K and ens 4 784K drives as drives A B C and D You can run y your original drives as A and B then add 380K or O n 784K drives outboard as C and D You can even run ang four half wides inside y
270. our original Kayprol The Plus 4 Decorder Board for only 39 Watch for 4 84 and 10 84 compatible ROMs coming o Cy ts soon O SPECIAL PRO 884 NOTE The Pro 884s are sensitive to the version of CP M you are running 1 Neither the Pro 884 nor the Pro 884 Max will run on CP M 2 2U However if you can locate a CP M 2 2F or 2 2G system disk your dealer should have a copy you should be able to run our 884 monitors Don t try to boot For G before you chunge monitors 2 There are two distinct versions of CP M 2 2G Only the Pro 884 Max is sensitive to the version of 2 2G you have it s the ZCPR in ROM that s the problem If you have CP M 2 2F then you have a Normal CP M So before ordering the Max boot up your original system disk and read the sign on If it s CP M 2 2G then we need to know whether it is the high normal version or the low minus version To determine your G version you ll become a G Whiz A DDT cr _ LS cr ddt s response The first line of the response will be a MP D600 or a MP D800 The JMP D600 means that you have a low minus version and the MP D800 means that it s a normal version When you order your Pro 884 Max be sure to specify whether you want the normal Max or the minus Max Other wise we ll just guess that you need the normal Max Graphics in Turbo Pascal For Any System By D Griffith Have you ever wanted to write your own graphic routines With Turbo it s easy We ll use
271. ource code Options We offer the exciting Binary graphic images to and from disk And much much more oo Coded Decimal BCD option for your business applicationsas You may incorporate part or all of these tools in your well as an 8087 option for your number crunching applica programs and yet we won t charge you any royalties Best of tions at a very low charge Please refer to the coupon all these functions and procedures come complete with a Portability Turbo Pascal is available today for most computers commented source code on disk ready to compile running PC DOS MS DOS CP M 80 or CP M 86 Jeff o _ Duntemann PE Magazine In its simplicity it achieves an elegance that na r langage compilerh has oraid n TURBO TUTOR 34 95 From start to finish in 300 pages Turbo Tutor is for everyone from novice to expert Even if you ve never programmed before TURBO DATABASE TOOLBOX r 54 95 The Turbo Database Toolbox is tha perte 283 0 e dealer complement to Turba Pascal It Sarin 4 Je Call 800 5558 C 2 PDO 742 113 mplete library of Pascal procedures rs nation 0 hae you to sort and aa your data Available at eee 90a redit Card call reo 25 sascal 30 f a ee and build powerful applications It s nearest YOU To of pascal W cee eae aaam one Borland set of tools that will give pee w 8087 s8 en olbox Turbo Database T054 95 F 5 Turbo Graphix a _
272. ourn of Forth Appl and Res 2 3 7 26 Forth Smalltalk Neon programming computers programming languages systems programming Kempthorne 0 1 1978 Logical epistemological and statistical aspects of nature nurture data interpretation Biometrics 134 1 23 statistics data analysis data interpretation IQ tests analysis of variance correlation independence nature nurture Figure 3 Algorithm In C While it isn t the End Of The file if the current character is the delimiter and if it s the next record write an End Of The Line else if the next character is a nasty comma discard the nasty comma else start a new line write the proper prefix put the next character on new line else no it s not the character then write the character if it IS the end of the file write EOF character and stop Figure 4 Resulting File After Feeding the File in Figure 2 through DB2BF a Zedler J D P Jorgenson W Magdych G Kramer y 1984 t Salt marsh monitoring and historical analysis of Tijuana Estuary a proposal to the National Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration Office of Coastal Resource Management Sanctuary Programs Division s Unpub Manuscr 1 6 pp k proposal thesis salt marsh Salicornia Tijuana Estuary aerial photos streamflow analysis vegetation monitoring a Duff C B and N D Iverson y 1984 t Forth meets Smalltalk 7s Journ of Forth Appl and Res 1 2 3 7 26
273. pitch for dollars let him pitch in his manual or dial for dollars His name and copy right not spitballs belong on screen 1 A programmer who releases a pro gram into the public domain expects to have his work copied perhaps improved left on bulletin boards or even frisbeed around He s promoting the hacker ethic and we thank him for his kindness I met Dave Rand author of SWEEP and NUSQUEEZE at SOG IV and found he had definite ideas about the distribution of his pro grams He doesn t want anyone to make a bundle off his contributions but he enjoys knowing they re out there being used Before SOG IV I was a little worried he wouldn t approve Micro C s charging to distribute Are we OK even a little I asked You re OK he answered as long as you continue to support the pro grams The Micro C MS DOS Library And now for something new and different Micro C s MS DOS public domain library Let us know what you think We ve had these programs running on Kaypro s 286i and K16 Zeniths and Compags So they should work on an IBM Here are highlights from our first 14 disks For more info call for a catalog Micro C Staff Disk 1 ESSENTIAL UTILI TIES SWEEP an essential file utility LU86403 a complete library utility DSKRTN lists first sector of an erased file hides and recovers files LDIR103 displays Novosielski li brary directories W
274. ple have heard about the MPP It is best viewed as a large array processor It has 16 384 micro processors operating in parallel ar ranged in a 128x128 array Delivered to NASA by Goodyear Aerospace in 1983 the MPP has matured enough that it is now viewed as a national facility and NASA accepts proposals from prospective users An array processor s most common use is processing Often you apply the same algorithm to each pixel in the image and a traditional computer operates on the pixels one at a time The MPP can handle 16 000 pixels per clock cycle In fact the MPP has been clocked at 6 billion operations per second BIPS for 8 bit data or over 420 million floating point opera tions per second megaflops This is much faster than the Cray or other supercomputers Editor s note earlier this year Cray brought out a system that does 1 2 gigaflops Landsat images that take hours to process on a VAX are handled in seconds on the MPP Much of the synthetic aperture radar images taken from the space shuttle are reduced on the MPP The MPP is composed of three basic modules an I O Control Unit IOCU that interfaces the MPP with its host VAX the Processor Element Control Unit PECU that handles the proces sor array itself and a Main Control Unit MCU that handles the IOCU and PECU The processor elements are dumb but fast basically 1OMHz bit slice processors The PECU acts like a microcontroller
275. proms an Interfaces e Full asynchronous RS232 port with modem control Baud rates and data translation and protoco programmable e Full asynchronous full duplex RS232 port with hardware handshake for printers Baud rates and protocol programmable Serial Printer Port One 8 Bit parallel port with indepen dent strobe and ready lines Supports Centronics interface with an available adaptor cable e IEEE 488 Bus Master Port ie General Purpose Instrumentation Bus not Soft ware Supported e 21 Standard Software Programmable Baud Rates 45 5 to 19 200 BPS FORTHwords By Arne A Henden I started this column years ago to present an alternative to traditional languages when approaching a certain class of real time problems This month I discuss NASA s Massively Parallel Processor review the Qua Tech modular data acquisition sys tem and show how FORTH can be used to control the real world As you might guess from the byline I ve moved Ohio State University is in the process of building the world s largest optical telescope and they have asked for my assistance or was it the other way around Therefore I picked up Unified Software and relo cated I intend to have more travel time so expect to see me at FORML and other conferences Benchmarks The June July issue of Micro C dealt heavily with benchmarking 16 and 32 bit microprocessors My exper ience from benchmarking these pro cessors diffe
276. r board itself allows creation of graphics without losing internal memory of the Kaypro Software includes 3 editors drivers and routines to access graphic system Utilities include screen dump to disk and printer Dual screen operation features internal Kaypro screen for text and commands external graphics screen for results A TV set can be used with addition of RF Modulator Color board Kaypro II 4 2 84 2X 4 84 10 amp Robie INSTANT GRAPHER 2 1 For use with Color Graphics Board Creates bar charts stacked bar charts hi low line graphs from keyboard Perfect Calc CalcStar or text files Single and Double size dumpscreen to printer each color prints a different pattern on a standard dot matrix printer words using NE SUPPLY STORE SPECIALS Mag voaa Disks SSD 20 00 box of 10 DSD D 24 00 box of 10 100 SSDD Bulk 160 00 These are great disks You will love them We have run the SSDD on DSQD without a problem 64k Dynamic RAM Chips TMS 9918 Color Chip amp Crystal Infocom ADVENTURE Games Kaypro or CP M 8 Available Add 2 00 for CP M 8 4 Starcross 4 Suspended 2 Witness 2 Planetfall i Enchanter 3 Sorcerer 1 Seastalker 2 Cutthroats 2 Hitchhikers LEVELS 1 Jr 2 Standard 3 Advanced 4 Expert Invisiclues 6MHZ Z80 Support Chips Z80B SIO O Z80H CPU 8MHz Z80 RF Modulator for Color Board and TV operation MicroSphere s Composite video generators allow connection of aSTA
277. r particular software application will ultimately be all worthwhile The warranty on the Turbo 640 is simple If anything goes wrong in the first six months send it back The unit will be re paired and shipped back to you two days after we receive it In case of an out of warranty hardware problem how many million dollars does it cost for the space shuttle to place de fective satellites into random orbit or if you have a question concerning operation that isn t answered by the manual you have three options One write me a card or letter These are answered the same day as received via MCI Mail Two sign onto the PS Computer 24 hour bulletin board post your message and then sign on later for the answer admittedly hard to do if you didn t decide PS Computers 200 West San Rafael Road Palm Springs CA 92262 800 Numeers Goon Arter Mib Aucust ALL Lines 24 Hour to get amodem or the computer sold you broke see option one Or three find out where live probably the least convenient for both of us About placing your order The 800 number puts you in touch with an operator here at PS Computers whose function is to take the necessary information quickly and accurately period I ve given you the high lights of the system in this ad If you need to know more about specific features drop me aline Sure it seems like it might be a bit more trouble than calling but you won t be reaching a busy signa and
278. raph Printing 69 95 PCPLOT2 High Resolution Graphics 69 95 2200 Business Way Suite 207 Riverside CA 92501 714 781 0252 PO Box 816 Carpenteria CA 93103 you don t like the idea of strapping on a heavy load of crippling debt How are you going to make those rent mortgage payments Keeping The House A part time job can be a two edged sword Sure it can get you over some of the rough spots but it may also tie you down so you re unable to jump at some other larger opportunity You ll have to weigh the benefits Also part time work which suits your needs can be hard to find I have been teaching computer sci ence part time at the University of California for over a year I teach one course per quarter two days a week I like the monthly checks but having to be on campus two days a week severely limits my ability to rocket off to some exotic place for great huge piles of money Fantastic deals fre quently come in month sized chunks _but having to commute long distances could quickly eat up any benefit On the other hand a college or university can provide you with valua ble resources which may not be avail able any other way Sophisticated computing equipment and an interna tional telecommunications network are two such resources And where else can you find eager young minds AFFORDABLE ENGINEERING TRSDOS PCDOS SOFTWARE ee eee Sel a Micro Cornucopia Number 2
279. rbo 640 and put it to work Right now have three PS Turbo 640s linked as a network running Dbase III and Lotus day in and day out in my busi ness The PS Turbo 640 works it works well and it works faster than the IBM PC An oral surgeon friend saw my network and asked me to build one up for him One of the Turbo 640 s on the network is in his operatory It runs a program wrote in Tur bo Pascal for his anesthesia records nota single glitch The 640 seems totally im mune to the effects of Nitrous Oxide Though have a private pilot s license and quite a few hours flying high performance aircraft I ve never taken the time to learn to use the Flight Simulator program from Microsoft Some of my friends have and it runs beautifully on the 640 The phrase IBM compatible is an understatement with my computers the PS Turbo 640 is just flat out a better machine Peter Norton publishes a program that rates computers as to speed and com patibility with the IBM PC In the normal mode of operation the PS Turbo 640 rates a 1 0 which indicates a 1 to 1 equivalency In the high speed mode selected with two keystrokes no switches or rebooting the vay a a 1 4 that s 40 faster than an National Order Line 800 654 7650 California Order Line 800 231 8701 Here are the specs 640 K of memory the maximum contiguous memory thatthe PC can address and they re all 120 nanosecond chips A keyboard that is very similar to the
280. reason to suffer along with plain old CP M any more LOOK e ConlX Basic System List 99 9 Special only 49 95 e ConlX Programming System List 99 95 Special only 49 95 e Both Systems 100 Complete List 165 Special only 79 95 e ConlX Pull Down Menu List 35 FREE with any ConlX system e ConIX Library List 49 95 with any ConlX system only 34 95 e Manuals Only 70 off the applicable complete product price Prices include manual 8 disk and user support 534 conversions 48TPI 6 other 10 Shipping 4 50 UPS 10 Canada 15 overseas NY residents add sales tax Dealers wanted special incentives Computer Helper Industries Inc P O Box 680 Parkchester Station NY 10462 800 628 2828 X513 24hr order hotline COD only 212 652 1786 M F 10 6 sales technical staff We re helping your computer work better for you UNIX AT amp T Bell Labs CP M Digital Research Con X Computer Helper Ind 30 onix New 128K SBC with Hard Disk Controller e No Hard Disk Controller required e No terminal required Includes _ Video Controller and CP M 3 0 e ST 506 Interface on board e Floppy Disk Controller runs any size floppy drive e OEM Discounts Available Other models include CP M 2 2 64K or 256K RAM Time of Day Clock E2PROM Peripheral Expansion amp RGB Color Video Display 428K SBC includes e Source Code e 6 MHz Z80B and Drivers e Video Cont
281. receive our ultra fast flexible disk format program FREE FORMAT can format a 77 track 8 disk in just 25 seconds and provides you with four of the most common disk formats used with CP M based systems e 8 SSSD 128 byte sectors 26 sectors track 76 tracks e 8 SSDD 256 byte sectors 26 sectors track 76 tracks e 5 25 SSDD 256 byte sectors 18 sectors track 40 tracks e 5 25 SSDD 512 byte sectors 10 sectors track 40 tracks YES Please send me MRS OS Source Code s for just 39 95 each on O 8 SSSD disk or O 5 Kaypro format disk If I act right now I ll receive a FREE FORMAT program included on the disk 8 disk users ONLY O VISA Mastercard circle one O Check O Please send more information Name Address City State Zip Phone Send to OCCO Inc 28 Claflin St Milford MA 01757 exp date 55 The Future Of Computing Excerpts From A Talk By George Morrow At SOG IV Ive been in the computer business for something like 10 years now and I ve seen the good years and I m beginning to experience some of the lean years So I ve given a lot of thought to what the future holds for computers and I ve tried to apply some lessons from the past to the future I want to share a little of that thinking with you today and perhaps a little bit of what the future holds There have been three computer waves mainframes minis and mi cr
282. rlay 5 CURSOR prompts you for cursor char you want 6 UMPIRE very fancy RAM test 7 ZSIDFIX display improvement for ZSID 8 PIPPAT modify PIP so you can reset system from within PIP 9 Lets you use the BB as a calculator including HEX 10 SORT sort package written in C80 USERS DISK 14 BB II Software 1 PRO32 latest 2732 reader amp programmer 2 SMODEM2 lets BB II talk to Hayes Smartmodem 3 GRAFDEMO demonstrates BB II graphics in BASIC ED TTR TESI demonstrates BB II graphics in JRT Pascal 5 INITSIO initializes port B for 300 or 1200 baud 6 MENU displays menu of COM files enter number to run file 7 SETCLK sets realtime clock built into BB II 8 PRINT2 modified print which accesses BB II clock 9 BOX draws a thin line box on screen determined by HL and BC 10 ALIENS space invaders arcade game 11 LISTSET printer interface auto enables RTS ignores DCD USERS DISK 15 Word Processing 1 EDIT very fancy line editor similar to EX Unix Includes help menu programmable key and full manual on disk 2 TED simple minded line editor easy to learn amp use Very fast 3 TTYPE typing training program written in BASIC 4 TINYPLAN very simple minded spreadsheet Whets your appetite for a fancy one 5 C80 Text Utilities 6 CHOP cuts off file after N bytes 7 ENTAB replace spaces with tabs where possible 8 MS double or triple spaces a file to output 9 RTW removes trailing spaces from file 10 TRUNC trunca
283. rns the program to the operating system allowing the command line just stored to be executed if no error occurred If PUTCL encountered a command line buffer overflow PRINT displays an error message lines 29 to 31 and execution resumes with the unchanged original command line The PUTCL routine obtains the address and size of the command line buffer from the Z3ENV The program mer doesn t have to worry about low level details such as setting the point ers to ensure that execution begins at the first character of a new command Listing 3 ZCPR3 Shell 15 bright equ 2 16 17 Z3LIB VLIB initialization 18 You can concentrate on the high order tidbits like inserting commands into the command line buffer VLIB goes one step further dealing with terminal independent programming ZCPR3 VLIB And Shells Listing 3 is a shell or MENU which clears the screen displays the current disk and user area and prompts for a command It uses VLIB routines to manipulate a terminal clearing the screen highlighting and positioning the cursor Listing 3 is divided into 1 Constants and external routines named lines 1 43 2 Initialization and ZCPR3 environ ment check lines 52 79 3 Determination of the method of program invocation lines 85 86 4 Establishment of the program as a Shell lines 90 115 5 Message and delay so the user can see the results of his last com mand lines 121 123 6 Screen
284. roller 1 0 Expansion e 2Serial Ports e are angrier 4 Parallel Ports i oller j va e CP M 3 0 To order or enquire call us today Megatel Computer Technologies Toronto Engineering Office 446 745 7244 Or write our U S Sales Office 1051 Clinton St Buffalo N Y 14206 CPIMisa trademark of Research Inc megatel GRAPHICS FROM YOUR DOT MATRIX PRINTER A PLOTTER EMULATION PROGRAM FOR YOUR OKIDATA PROWRITER GEMINI OR EPSON PRINTER POWERFUL HP GL PLOTTER SYNTAX SCALING LINETYPES WINDOWS ETC LABELS ANY SIZE saw OR WOITOSAIQ CHONYESSY WLISIG W7rdd ISAYJYWIQVAL I D O r x m Cc m 4 1 D gt a za gt a FAST GRAPHS IN FOUR MINUTES HI RES MODE UP TO 136x144 DPI PLOT SIZES 11 x14 TO 7 x48 80 PAGE ILLUSTRATED MANUAL SOURCE CODE IN C FOR PROGRAMS THAT USE HPLOT TO MAKE PIE CHARTS GRAPHS ETC REQUIRES 54K Z8 CP M 2 2 OTHER PRINTERS AND OS S SOON AVAILABLE IN 8 SSSD AND MOST 5 25 48 TPI FORMATS PLUS 4 SHIPPING 49 99 SPECIFY PRINTER DISK 507IZ O92 SLEPSE NOTE OKR NER ACLIKE SS ORDINATE SOLUTIONS 505 W SPRINGFIELD CHAMPAIGN IL 61820 PHOS 700 BBS RESYIREO ON INN ALOI GE Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Faster Screen Output With Turbo By John Donovan This little routine will speed up the video on Xeroxes Big Boards and old Kaypros Banks Big Boards and pre 83 Kaypros use banked video RAM switc
285. rrupt If the interrupt software is written correctly the interrupt routine will fetch the key set the proper flags and return to execute the next compiler instruction the compilation will con tinue as though nothing happened Similarly every second there s an interrupt from the CTC forcing the Z80 to update the real time clock and the screen display Again the compi ler hasn t the slightest idea that the processor took a detour When the Z80 feels its interrupt pin pulled low it must figure out which interrupt routine to execute The Z80 family does this best with vectored interrupts In a vectored interrupt the Z80 gets an address from an internal register the high 8 bits and from the interrupting device the low 8 bits Anyway to support vectored inter rupts the system must be set up as 1225 Fonthill Ave Torrance CA 90503 follows 1 The hardware CTC SIO PIO must be chained together wired to gether through special INTE and INTI lines How these chips are chained together determines the inter rupt priority As shown in Figure 1 the SIO is at the start of the chain with the CTC last Although the software could utilize the fixed hard ware priority to allow servicing of several interrupts simultaneously the 820 does not do this 2 The Z80 must be programmed for interrupt mode 2 operation and have its I nterrupt register set to the high byte of the table A vectored interrupt means there is a t
286. rs a bit For example a FORTRAN bench mark which calculated square root sine cosine exponent arctangent and addition 26 400 times gave the following results Processor Time mins 10MHz 68000 0 9 VAX 11 750 FPA 0 6 AT 80287 4 5 PC 8087 4 8 My conclusion is that the AT is at least as fast as the PC for floating point operations and is typically 2 5 times faster for integer functions Benchmark charts need to include information on language operating system and optimization My interest is in scientific process ing and real time control The 8086 family is best for the latter because of its I O chips The 32 bit processors are better for scientific number crunching For more common functions like word processing or spread sheets I think the computer application pro gram and operating system are more important than raw horsepower The MPP The Massively Parallel Processor at Goddard Space Flight Center is a tremendously exciting computer It s numbers are handled like single inte gers Users with unique data type requirements just need to add a set of operators for that data type and interactive debugging speeds develop ment time A unique computer de serves a unique approach and I think FORTH fits the bill User s Corner Laboratory Data Ac quisition While computers may be a luxury in the home market they are essential in the laboratory Ten years ago the big lab had PDP
287. s a macro key facility Any string up to 10 characters can be redefined to produce any other string up to 256 characters You could define function keys as variable names or Pascal commands for instance and then save the defini tions on disk This will greatly reduce the work required to enter future programs Search And Replace The search and replace routines in Express are very fast 74 replace ments of a 7 character string in a 20K file took only 34 seconds on my 4MHz Kaypro 10 The same job using the Turbo editor took about 52 seconds To be fair though Express doesn t show the replacements on the screen Turbo does So you might believe you had replaced all occurrences in a file and find out later you had re placed them only on the last page Special Feature Perhaps Express s flashiest feature is its variable speed bidirectional auto scroll You can vary the speed at which lines scroll up or down the screen even while it s scrolling by 1317 W College Ave Lompoc CA 93436 simply hitting any number between 1 and 9 Neat feature The manual for Version 1 0 comes on the disk 2 0 comes with printed manual A short CHEATER DOC file sums up most of Express s features Finally This is user designed software The programmers Cecil and Laine Stump are not part of a big impersonal corporation I suspect this program will change more from reader feedback than other text editors That being the ca
288. s necessary Hrdware respond to intrupt 51 cycles Reading A D eee Reset of 8259 12 cycles Return from interrupt 24 clocks for a minimum overhead of 87 clock cycles The polled loop has a 27 cycle overhead so polling is faster than interrupts However interrupts free the computer for data analysis or other tasks while the data is being acquired To complete the example I ve in cluded a high level word MULTI A D to fill a data buffer with a user specified number of channels The UNIFORTH array word VECTOR is used to create the buffer A DBUF Also the word PLOT continuously reads the A D followed by scaling and output of an asterisk on the screen in a stripchart simulation It s slow but gives you a very easy way to plot data Value Of FORTH When I started this project I was told that bit B7 was normally high was low during conversion and re turned high at end of conversion Reading port B showed that bit 7 was normally low Was my information wrong Or was B7 disconnected I used a modified FASTEST to check After starting conversion I read port B 200 times and placed the data on the stack Then printing the stack showed that B7 went high not low during conversion This interac tive debugging is impossible in any other language GENERAL UTILITIES PACKAGE This example was meant to show the speed and ease of using FORTH to acquire A D data The Qua Tech system has good performance and
289. s told me they were attending because of my glowing reports of SOG III and my anticipatory journalism see 25 They had assumed I was exaggerating but were still willing to give it a try I can t tell you about everything that happened at SOG IV Neither can anyone else There were just too many sessions going on too many people getting together too much information being passed around for any single person to get it all though a number of us tried It was a classic case of multi use multi process and multi insomnia Late Night Forums The dorm acted as a focal point for the after hours discussions and unlike previous years where talk ended when the SOG site closed for the day this year s discourses simply moved up to the dorm s fireside room Saturday night s informal forum was going strong at 5 20 a m the next day And Sunday s official OK semi official sessions began again at 8 00 a m so some hardy souls were caught sleepless A lot of folks had compiler error bags under their eyes for the duration and the young couple who played house parents at the dorm were impressed with SOGger staying pow er The speakers thought their audi ences were uniquely talented excited knowledgeable and exhausted The audiences thought the speakers were uniquely talented excited knowledge able and exhausted George Morrow George Morrow of Morrow Com puters came away from his talk
290. screen oriented file manipulation utility similar to SWEEP CLEAN and DISK Also Larry Blunk s documentation and software for implementing extended single density 334K on eight inch disks USERS DISK 29 MODEM740 The latest incarnation of the immortal MODEM7 pro gram Too many features to list Versions for both ports of BBI Xerox 820 amp BBII MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97009 Order number 503 382 5060 PST EDITORIAL continued from page 91 er Faire in April passing out their magazines Well on May 20 the State of California closed them down Cecil Lindsey sent me a clipping from the Fresno CA Bee The Bee article mentioned that The Fresno County Superior Court had issued an order barring Gary Kiehl owner of Custom Electronics KIPS from oper ating as a state registered electronics service dealer The judge in the case stated that Kiehl systematically required his employees to mislead deceive and defraud the customers of his business and instructed his employees on tech niques of accomplishing those activi ties The article also mentioned that Kiehl had changed the name of his business and moved to another Fresno location while the case was pending in court He failed to notify the court of his new business name HITECH Unlimited as required by law I think I d avoid all new Fresno mailorder firms for 50 years or so Magazine Rumor Department Rumors
291. se I would like to start a wish list an execute command for run ning other software from within Ex press an alphabetized directory the preceding wish would take care of this one and a status line which displayed the current line and column number But I can t complain for the price either one is a super editor Express version 2 0 is available for 34 95 incl shipping and handling from TCI 17733 205th Ave NE Woodinville WA 98072 Disk Sale Dysan TYPE BOX OF 10 5 SS DD 48 TPI 19 50 5 DS DD 48 TPI 25 50 5 SS DD 96 TPI 29 50 5 DS DD 96 TPI 37 50 5 DS DD IBM AT 52 95 8 SS SD 48 TPI 23 95 8 SS DD 48 TPI 25 50 8 DS DD 48 TPI 29 95 3 5 SS DS 32 95 Available Soft or Hard Sector For Plastic Case Add 1 25 Box Plus Tax amp Shipping Cash Visa Mastercard COD Integral Systems Corp 2900 H Longmire Drive College Station TX 77840 409 764 8017 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 NEW From TCI SPEED POWER VERSATILITY EXPRESS 2 0 FULL SCREEN EDITOR HIGH PERFORMANCE AT A FAIR PRICE ONLY 29 95 WHY WASTE YOUR VALUABLE TIME with a slow clumsy limited editor when you could TAKE THE EXPRESS With EXPRESS 2 0 you can e Fully Access ALL 32 USER AREAS with any editor command Hey Winchester owners check this out e Execute CP M COMMANDS without leaving the editor Rename Copy Erase Type Directory Log e Set up use and save on disk an
292. se high impedance inputs are nice because they don t suck much power out of the chips that are driving them On the other hand if a small static charge reached that line there would At last Fast On screen FLOWCHARTS And Organization Charts Finally An on screen flowchart proc essor that knows about flowcharts and organization charts not just another screen draw program that makes you do most of the work interactive EasyFlow is a powerful full screen graphics program dedicated to flowcharts and organization charts This program allows you to easily compose charts on the screen Features Text is automatically cen tered character by character within shapes as you type it Lines are cre ated by specifying the starting and ending points the program auto matically generates the route Power ful editing facilities allow shapes and even entire rows and columns of shapes to be inserted or deleted lines are automatically re routed as neces sary Large chart size up to 16 shapes wide by 16 shapes high al lows very large flowcharts and organ ization charts to be handled with ease Charts can be larger than the screen the window into the chart scrolls both horizontally and vertically as neces sary Flexible printer interface allows it to work with all printers not just dot matrix printers Wide charts can be printed in strips e Eighteen standard flowcharting shapes included U
293. se wonderful little general purpose text utilities that simplify life with computers Recommended Jerry Pournelle Byte Magazine Free Filer is directly available from Telion Software for 49 95 in most popular CP M and MS DOS formats including Kaypro Morrow Apple CP M and IBM PC Now shipping 4 0 with AND OR and NOT boolean searching and even faster searching and sorting performance Calif residents add 6 Credit card add 5 In clude 2 00 shipping and handling TELION osor nss La Mirada CA 90637 1464 SOftWare rhone 213 547967 Der programs make you organize information into a On Your Own By Hampton Miller Two things can throw a monkey wrench into a computer consultant s economic plans yearly cycles and a recession economy This double wham my goes something like this business es frequently plan on closing down the last few weeks of the year With this in mind they are not looking to gear up for important work in the last quarter Add to this a recession and there is no way a company will put out real money to bring in a hot shot consultant for the short term Since you probably can t change this situa tion you must anticipate and plan for it Let s take a look at what I ve done to prepare for the bad times and maybe it can help you Building A Nest Egg I had been charging a reasonable fee for my services before trouble hit me in the last quarter of 1984 so I had
294. ser defined shapes can easily be added The manual is extensive and in cludes many examples On line help facility provides immediate assistance at any time eAny number of titles can be placed on a chart Commentary text blocks can be placed anywhere in the chart e Plus many more features than we can men tion here Requires an MSDOS PCDOS ma chine equipped with an IBM compat ible graphics adapter and at least 256K of memory Runs under DOS 1 contains full support for DOS 2 Only 149 95 2 00 S amp H USA Canada 10 00 foreign Payment by check M O VISA COD or Company PO The sample screen display shown be low is typical of what you see while editing a chart Other screen displays are provided for entering titles chang ing options getting help and so on CHART WINDOW gives an overview of STATUS BAR not to be confused with a wet bar tells you what Interactive EasyF low is doing at all times TEXT MESSAGE WINDOW used to enter user text and to display messages from Interactive EasyFlow CURRENT SHAPE WINDOW shows the content of the current flowchart shape in complete detail HavenTree Software Limited P O Box 1093 1 Thousand Island Park NY 13692 613 542 7270 Ext 4 your chart this example shows the normal views Close up view shows a smaller part of the chart in more detail Wide angle view shows a larger part of the chart at re duced size S
295. ses under 12 redefinable cate gories and prepares summary reports instant tax preparation Ideal for small and home based businesses Available in Kaypro compiled MBASIC and GWBAS IC BASICA versions Specify computer Dennis Gimlin Little Software That Can 7322 Oak Manor 37 San Antonio TX 78229 512 349 3924 The Jontel Business System is a five journal accounting package based on a dual disk CP M computer Included with the seven disk package are mailing and inventory programs with 100 pages of documentation on disk 8 and 5 inch disk formats available 69 95 Moonlight Computer 707 Edge Hill Rd New Bern NC 28560 Source code available for custom installations Compiled CB80 919 638 6976 kakiok kakaku bohode POWER THAT GOES ANYWHERE Single Board Computer 6MHz Z80B CPU POWERFUL 64K to 256K RAM 2K to 64K ROM 5 and 8 Floppy Controller SASI 2 RS 232 Centronics Port 50 pin I O Expansion Bus 5 x10 IDevatitia DAVIDGE CORPORATION 292 East Highway 246 805 688 9598 97 Tidbits By Gary Entsminger SCSI Rick Lehrbaum VP of engineering at Ampro was active at SOG IV spreading the gospel of SCSI pro nounced scuzzy SCSI the Small Computer System Interface acts as an expansion inter face for such peripherals as hard disk drives SCSI is basically a renamed SASI Shugart Associates Standard Inter face to which you can add a couple of additional handshak
296. sible to put a CPU on a 15 x15 circuit board That machine processed information in groups of 4 bits a big step forward from single bit computers Editor s note let s not forget all the two bit computers some of which are still being built In 1972 73 74 mini computers were on a big roll and what was being invented in the laboratories of Silicon Valley was the micro processor the fuel for our wave So each new wave of technology comes in the midst of its predecessor CMOS Each technology has its window The window opens and if the technol ogy gets through it great If the technology doesn t get through the window usually closes CMOS is a notable exception Its window opened up around 1970 But the companies making CMOS refused to come down on the price RCA and Motorola told us we were always going to pay 25 to 35 more for CMOS But TI came along and cut them off at the knees If you look back to around 1970 the 4000 series of CMOS logic had a completely different pinout than TTL There was a considerable premium for that logic and at the time low power logic did not exist There was standard TTL low power TTL 74L and high speed TTL 74H And there was this completely unman ageable stuff Shotkey TTL was too power hungry and the low power stuff was far too slow And they didn t compete effectively with CMOS What TI did in 72 73 was come out with low po
297. sic cross referenced to the line number where used A godsend when writing or Disk 10 MODEMS moditying basic programs MODEM and KERMIT Place your order or request FREE catalog by mail or if using COD or credit card telephone anytime Q of the night or day Add 3 00 shipping amp 3 00 additional for COD Shipment will be no later than next i working day by ist class mail Californians must add 6 tax to prices DISK 11 RBBS 12 3 MULTI MAP USER SYSTEM Micro Art Programmers Remote bulletin board system B E 173 Birch Avenue Cayucos California 93430 Phone 805 995 2329 Disk 12 RBBS 12 3 SOURCE Disk 13 EDITOR AND FOR THE BEST Z80 MATTER ROFF4 PC WRITE and manuals ASSEMBLER ON oe SOASM THE MARKET JUST NOW a Jaiero GOT BETTER OA te i And Furthermore we ll be adding monthly to the Micro C library If you have a program you d like us to consider send it in And let us know DON T ASK HOW OURS CAN BE SO FAST ASK WHY THEIRS ARE SO SLOW about any gremlins you find that we a breath of fresh air Now fully compatible with M80 missed We want these to be the Computer Language Feb 85 ini 789 mode with many exten cleanest disks in town in two words I d say speed amp sions Time amp date in listing 16 flexibility Char externals plus many other EE Edward Joyce User s Guide 15 features NORMALIZED PERFORMANCE To order or to find out more CPRS abou
298. sion 2 0 or later 512K minimum internal memory Printers IBM Matrix or Graphics Epson MX RX or FX 80 or 100 Okidata 92 or 93 with Plug n Play MicroTEX is a trademark of Addison Wesley Publishing Company Inc IBM is a registered trade mark of International Business Machines Corporation Epson is a registered trademark of Epson Inc Okidata is the trademark of Oki Electric Ltd and MS DOS is a registered trademark of MicroSoft Corporation Apple is a registered trademark of Apple Computers Inc Publishing Company Reading Massachusetts 01867 617 944 3700 x2677 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 GRAPHICS IN TURBO PASCAL continued from page 81 Figure 2 Procedure LineOn Procedure LineOn y1 x1 y2 x2 Integer Var ty1 tx1 ty2 tx2 Real dist dy dx Real Begin ty1 y1 tx1 x1 ty2ssy2 tx2 x2 dist Sqrt Sqr y2 y1 Sqr x2 x1 If dist gt 0 Then Begin dy y2 y1 dist dx x2 x1 dist End Else Begin dy 0 dx 0 End On yi x1 Repeat tylsstyle dy txts tx1 dx On Round ty1 Round tx1 End in in the y direction which brings us back inside the circle We keep going until our values pass each other Since we re always drawing sym metrically we re calculating about 1 8 as often as some circle routines If you try this with our new primitives you ll get a fairly round circle If you use the old ones expect very tall narrow ones Explanation on the gr
299. so Anyhow if the waiting computer gets an ASCII 4 as part of the next file name it s over and out In the send mode the command line argument wildcards are a natural for C provides the file or files to be sent Not to slow down the chatting at 19 2K the donor computer like the receiver computer uses a nice A000H 40K buffer to store the bytes for loading and unloading using high speed low level I O Figure 2 is the final listing Now isn t that smart Look at those clever ways to count ASCII 4s and handle 1157 Ellison Dr Pensacola FL 32503 multiple file transfers It s efficient it works and it s practically a seminar in C control features I just saved 300 by not having to buy an MS DOS word processor Now don t you feel inadequate A Child s Garden Of Stupidities So did I after my initial glee Overcoming the residual urge to use PIP and COPY to do the transfers I was quickly able to get the computers to acknowledge one another using Turbo Pascal I admit In Turbo s memory mode the two computers could spit a stream of single charac ters at one another all day The real game in C seemed easy To raise the following doleful yarn above the personal level I ll list a few morals as we go along C Is Not Pascal The computers were sulky and un cooperative Sometimes they would talk to one another like country neighbors Often not Sunday after noon when the coding was almost finis
300. ss to the bus Waiting In Line In addition the arbitration circuitry on each board must also determine if there are other boards that are also requesting the bus If others are requesting access then the arbitration circuitry must decide which request ing temporary master has the highest priority and see that bus control is turned over to that board This is easier than you might think The TMA lines are open collector so the arbitration circuitry on each board only needs to look at the TMA lines to determine if other boards are request ing control of the bus If any other processors are request ing the bus then the signal levels on the TMA lines will not agree with the value that the board s own arbitration circuit is outputting The circuit can then determine which board has the highest priority after removing its own signals from the TMA lines Looking At Figure 1 Here s how the arbitration circuit shown in Figure 1 works The tempo rary master whose board must in clude the circuitry in Figure 1 re quests the bus by asserting the IWANT occasionally know as the GIMMEE line If no other processor already has the bus the requesting board outputs its priority to the TMA lines and gets control of the bus immediately the MINE line turns on by asserting the HOLD line If pHLDA is inactive the master processor has the bus or the HOLD line is active another master has the bus then t
301. ssor DynaDisk for the BBII Serial Printer on BBI Sans S10 Cheap amp Dirty Talker for KayPro Extended 8 Single Density 72 pages ISSUE NO 21 12 84 Analog to Digital Interface Communication Between High Level and Assembly Language Installing Turbo Pascal Low Intensity BBI Video Turbo Pascal The Early Days 80 pages ISSUE NO 22 2 85 Converting a Xerox 820 II to a KayPro 8 S 100 Expansion for Single Board Z80 Systems Sound Generator for the STD BUS Reviews of 256K RAM Expansion Boards In the Public Domain 88 pages ISSUE NO 23 4 85 Automatic Disk Relogging With CP M 2 2 Interrupt Driven Serial Print Driver Low Cost EPROM Eraser Smart Video Controller Review MicroSphere RAM Disk Future Tense begins 88 pages ISSUE NO 24 6 85 C ing Into Turbo Pascal 8 Drives On The Kaypro Alternative Power Supply For The Kaypro 48 Lines On A BBI 68000 Vrs 80X86 Soldering The First Steps 88 pages ISSUE NO 25 8 85 Why I Wrote A Debugger The 32 Bit Super Chips Programming the 32032 Modula II RS 232C The Interface 104 pages ADVERTISERS INDEX Addisor Wesley Publishing Adevco Inc Advanced Concepts Engineering Anaheim Software Adratech BD Software BV Engineering Borland International Inside Back Cover Brooke Computer Cal Tex Computers Cascade Electronics C C Software Colonial Data Companion Computer Computer Helper Industries Computing Technology Craig s Computers The Da
302. st to get the best contrast the screen must be tipped back farther than the hinges allow When tipped back extra far the contrast is very good and the screen easily readable So I prop up the front keyboard edge of the cabinet Unfortunately it s sometimes impossible to do this such as when I have the system in my lap which is how I would work in a car or plane Data General included both a con trast control like Kaypro and a screen angle control on the unit I saw The screen angle control adjusted the screen electrically It worked quite well Kaypro needs to add a screen angle control Traveling Bag They included a very nice looking fabric carrying case Unfortunately they didn t take a hint from Sony Panasonic and all the other electron ics manufacturers who designed their cases so you don t have to remove them to use the machine Look at portable cassette recorders Their cases protect but don t get in the way of standard operation The only time you have to remove the case is to change batteries Weight The Kaypro 2000 weighs in at 11 pounds That s less than half the weight of a Kaypro 2 but who d dream of putting a 2 in a brief case The 2000 is still quite heavy for true portable use Inside its case it is small enough to haul around like a shoulder bag but it would be uncomfortably heavy if you had to walk very far A good share of the weight is cabinet display and batteries But
303. stratosphere The public domain libraries general ly don t update a file until a major revision takes place We have versions of SD for CP M 80 on Volume 233 and ONET E RR IE PP A I I I TE ET ATE TEST EE IEE TED 16 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 CP M 86 on Volume 146 There is a PC DOS version Vol 66 but up to now I have not seen one which works as well as the CP M versions SDIR Vol 47 or XDIR Vol 108 in PC DOS are better choices Other utilities in the public domain allow you to page files including bidirectionally You can squeeze and unsqueeze create and use libraries type files in libraries squeezed and unsqueezed run pro grams in libraries print files remove high bits erase files rename them set your printer set your baud rate etc etc Take a look at the SIG M or PC BLUE library or browse around on a bulletin board There are lots of these programs around to help you A word of caution however In this world of sickies there are people who download programs with worms to the bulle tin boards On a board where the operator does not have the first opportunity to review a new file or where he or she does not do that you may have a problem Always run new unknown programs from a write pro tected disk Bulletin Board Software The Capital PC Users Group Box 6128 Silver Spring MD 20906 has been leading the rest of the pack when it comes to PC bull
304. stry i ome i aa ino ducts now come backed with 1 ming And leader The following that even a child can under 7 a 60 day mney pe remember all three laws of Turbo a it nE E F three laws of Dynamics exemplify came Smetana Turbo Dynamics _ our pledge for excellence oe appl to all Borland products TURBO PASCAL 69 95 The industry standard With more than 350 000 users worldwide Turbo Pascal is the indus try s de facto standard Turbo Pascal is TURBO GRAPHIX TOOLBOX 54 95 High resolution monochrome graphics and window management for the IBM PC The Turbo Graphix Toolbox will give even a praised by more engineers hobbyists beginning programmer the expert s edge Turbo Tutor will get you started right away students and professional programmers aa It s a complete library of Pascal procedures A must You ll find the source code for all than any other development environment and functions Tools that will allow you to Eo the examples in the book on the accompany in the history of microcomputing And yet draw and hatch pie charts bar charts oe wee ing disk ready to compile Turbo Tutor Turbo Pascal is simple and fun to use Free aen circles rectangles and a full range of might be the only reference on Pascal and spreadsheet included on every Turbo disk with ready to geometric ine Procedures that will save and restore programming you ll ever need compile s
305. switches to change no additional parts to add Kaypro says it will be providing information on how to use the unused extra 128K as a buffer Of course you have to take the 2000 apart to add the RAM and disassem bly can be scary I mean the task seemed a lot more like taking apart a Leica than opening Darth Vader s lunchbox Kaypro is upgrading sys tems inexpensively so you might want to take them up on it Static Comments This little system is full of static sensitive devices We all know that standard ROMs RAMs processors and PIOs are static sensitive but a lot of us have gotten used to working BIG BOARD HARD DISK For a limited time only buy the Advanced Concepts Mini Winnie Controller package for the Big Board and 820 and receive a 5 megabyte hard disk drive for only 60 00 This is an introductory offer Band will not last for long so don t delay Package Contents 5 mb hard disk drive Controller board assembled amp tested Disk drive cables length 1 8 floppy with formatter diagnostic autopatch BIOS source Technical documentation amp users manual 90 day full refund guarantee Available Options Extended disk drive cables length 3 Extended controller to host cable length 41 DC power supply for disk drive only DC power cable for disk drive Enclosure for disk drive and supply The Mini Winnie board measures just 3 75
306. sy to direct connect the 2000 to another computer and their Mite isn t too expensive But the setups for Mite may not be obvious I set up Mite for 9600 baud as fast as Mite will go 8 bits 1 stop bit no parity The protocol is Modem7 B which is batch mode for Modem 7 and be sure to tell Mite that this is a direct connection it s a menu selection Turn CRC checking on if your modem7 supports it otherwise use the checksum Take a careful look at the option and parameter menus for speed and connection settings Then get into the binary file transfer menu and set the protocol I use binary transfers for all my files Data transfers below 2400 baud are very noisy and slow because the drive turns off between accesses When it restarts the head homes and then continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 39 THE KAYPRO COLUMN continued from page 39 steps out to the track So you get a loud brzzt brzzt every time it writes to the disk At 9600 baud it is fast and quiet Quiet I especially like the 2000 because it s quiet In fact the only time you hear it at all is when the drive is running and even that s quiet as long as it s not constantly starting up and shutting down Tiny Disks There s only one built in drive and I swore I d never willingly go back to a single drive system After all I m the guy who needs 400K of tools before I sit down to jot off a
307. t nevermind you ll get over that And I m gone off into another vertical market A New Priesthood Just as everybody reads and writes today I want everybody to program Am I going to try to make a Shake speare out of everybody No I just want everyone to be able to read and do a little writing Now how do you translate that to computers If you can read then you can use the computer And if you can write maybe you can do a database for the dBASE II or III or whatever continued on page 61 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 59 Do it A new magazine for publishers graphic artists editors writers and others interested in using personal computers to publish information electronically or on paper I his is the magazine you ve been waiting for Issues contain tutorials on using page make up file Edit _Style Font Layout Arrange Fill Lines P n RAPA TAN ONAN SIA DONO OT OAIIISS SNOS Ad DPugpc sub N tt et a ied Do it yourself a ves TISANA ANE EAEE software techniques for integrating text and graphics tips on producing more appealing graphics and typography and helpful information about data communications and electronic publishing T Hi eleloo The bi monthly magazine covers the latest products for the newly emerging desktop publishing market including laser printers scanning equipment page make up software archi
308. t our complete family of development tools call or write S LR_Systems HEX file 1622 N Main St Butler PA 16001 800 833 3061 412 282 0864 Telex 559215 SLR SYS D N A ne mm C O D Check or TE B mza Money Order Accepted min sec 1 17 3 26 5 25 6 13 06 22 49 1 00 2Mhz 8Mhz SHIPPING USA CANADA 3 OTHER AREAS 10 8 SS SD Ram Disk Z80 CP M compatibility required HELP WANTED We need to locate importers of Taiwanese PC compatible boards ZAS Mitek Echelon 80 ASM 2500AD ASM 2500AD M80 M 1 00 Z80ASM ZAS BUC a se 1 00 Z80ASM 22 12 5 Contact David Thompson at MICRO CORNUCOPIA gt 64 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Attention Modem Buyers We Guarantee Lowest Price and Best Support Around SIGNALMAN MARK 12 This 300 1200 baud Hayes com patible smartmodem comes with RS 232 cable 12v power supply and phone cable SPECIAL 219 95 SIGNALMAN MARK 10 This 300 baud smartmodem is Hayes compatible and comes with RS 232 cable 9v power supply and A phone cable NEW PRICE 99 95 eee VOLKSMODEM 300 Now at its lowest price ever this 300 baud answer originate modem only needs a cable and battery and it s ready to communicate LOWEST PRICE 55 95 WESTRIDGE 64 20 This 300 baud auto dial auto answer modem is designed for Com modore 64 computers It comes com plete with software on disk and phone cable NOW
309. ta Mill Davidge Corp Desktop Publishing Digital Dynamics Digital Research Echelon Inc cc eee cece eee 6 99 Emerald Microware Epic Sales Ferguson Engineering Gemini Electronics HSC Inc Haventree Software 1B Computers The ICU Group Integral Systems integrand James River Group Kamasoft Kenmore Computer Technologies Back L A Software Labratory Microsystems L Band Systems Light Manufacturing Co 44 Manx Software Back Cover Megatel Micro Art Programmers MicroCode Microcomputer Systems Micro Cornucopia 35 54 78 79 92 96 Microgroup Microprocessors Unlimited MicroSphere Nationa Public Domain Software Ordinate Solutions PS Computers Periphco PRENIS CO asserena nanne tea cee 35 Philips ECG Inc essssesssessesesso 68 Pickles amp Trout PluPerfect Systems Point Data Products Poor Person Software The Programmer s Shop Qua Tech Rolland Management SLR Systems Servo Computers Slicer Computers Soft Advances Solvex Marketing Southern Pacific USA Spectre Technologies Superior Electronics Telion Software Tiny Tek Tomorrow s Computing Unified Software Viking C Systems Western Wares WW Components The Last Page By Gary Entsminger Let s return to the wild wire and transistor world of your computer where electrical circuits make deci sions But first some background Lights please Boolean Algebra About 1850
310. table object files containing the three ZCPR3 li braries If you call Listing 2 L2 MAC and Listing 3 L3 MAC then the following procedure is followed to generate L2 COM and L3 COM for execution M80 L2 L80 P 100 L2 N L2 Z3LIB S SYSLIB S 0 E to assemble and link L2 MAC and M80 213 L80 P 100 L3 N L3 VLIB S Z3LIB S SYSLIB S 0 E to assemble and link L3 MAC It is assumed that L2 MAC L3 MAC VLIB REL Z3LIB REL and SYS LIB REL are in the current directory Overdue Note On ZCPR3 ZCPR3 is not in the public domain and is copyrighted by Richard Conn ZCPR3 has been released for non commercial use through SIG M to the user community effectively al lowing people to use it for non commercial purposes as though it were in the public domain while retaining copyright protection for the author Complete source code to ZCPR3 including the SYSLIB Z3LIB and VLIB libraries is includ ed in the SIG M distribution You re invited to study and use this code for non commercial purposes The first release of the ZCPR3 system can be found in SIG M vol umes 184 to 192 An update was issued in volumes 200 to 202 and a second update is now being prepared The current version of the ZCPR3 system can also be purchased from Echelon which updates its ZCPR3 configuration more frequently than SIG M Where To Look Next This article just broaches the con cepts behind the operation of ZCPR3 If you re interested i
311. tead of the Z3INIT routine from Z3LIB Accepting the address of the Z3ENV in HL Z3VINIT initializes the pointers used by both the Z3LIB and the VLIB routines Loose Coupling In an attempt to control the com plexity of the code written with these routines I used what s called loose coupling In other words the execu tion of one routine doesn t affect the execution of another Listing 2 Programming With SYSLIB Z3LIB 3 3 Sample ZCPR3 System Program to insert a command into the The inserted command will be the next command 3 command line buffer 3 to be executed ext z3init j init address of Z3ENV for Z3LIB routines ext bbline jan input line editor from SYSLIB stores a command line from Z3LIB 1 2 3 4 5 zJenv equ 6 1 8 9 ext putcl 10 ext print sprints a message from SYSLIB n ext orif new line on console from SYSLIB 123 13 aseg tas org 100h 16 lxi 17 call z3jintt 193 call print Of400h j address of the ZCPR3 Environment Descriptor h z3env set Z3ENV address for Z3LIB routines For example the routines PUTUD and GETUD save the current user disk which the program is logged into and restore it PUTUD and GETUD have no effect on any reg isters There is a side effect GETUD logs the user into the directo ry saved by PUTUD but you needn t worry about it The only coupling between PUTUD and GE TUD is a shared buffer whi
312. tem is added the DMA chip makes impressive disk performance possible CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research CAL T EX CO M P UT E RS N C Terms Orders paid for with a cashier s check or bank card will be shipped within three B D working days Orders paid for with a personal check will be shipped within three weeks 12788 HWY 9 e BOULDER CREEK CA 95006 408 338 2572 Add 5 for packing amp shipping in North America MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 5060 Orders Only 503 382 8048 Tech 9 Noon Editor amp Publisher David J Thompson Operations amp Advertising David Pogue Associate Editors Rebecca Ozrelic Gary Entsminger Accounting Sandra Thompson Graphic Design Craig Lannes Graphic Production Michael Odell Tracey Braas Technical Department Dana Cotant Eric Roby Bruce Berryhill Laine Stump Larry Fogg Staff Assistants Dorcas Dsenis Cary Gatton Laura Pendley Renee Katter MICRO CORNUCOPIA supports systems programming languages and builders of single board and S 100 systems Application to mail at second class postage rates is pending at Bend OR 97701 and additional entries Published bimonthly by Micro Cornucopia Inc 155 NW Hawthorne Bend OR 97701 Postmaster Send address change to Micro Cornucopia PO Box 223 Bend OR 97709 SUBSCRIPTION RATES 1 yr 2nd Class 1 yr Canad
313. ter a software loop for 25 microseconds or sample the high bit of port B to detect end of conversion 4 Read the converted data value from ports A and B 5 Convert the A D value from Complemented Offset Binary COB form to regular binary Figure 1 shows the FORTH code necessary to define the port numbers initialize the 8255 and acquire an A D sample Since the four 8255 ports are contiguous I have hard coded POR TA and then offset the constants PORTB PORTC and PORTD from that base If another A D module were used or the port addresses changed you d need to change only one num ber The 8255 control word has the bit assignments shown in Figure 2 where port bits set indicate input and clear indicate output We will use mode 0 polled I O for this example There fore we need to set modes bit 7 group A mode 0 port A input port C output port B input or 10010010 for a control word value of 92H The FORTH word INIT sends this value to the control port Now that computers and other high tech equipment are such an important part of our everyday life it pays to make sure they re well taken care of so that they always perform optimally That s why anyone who works with computers needs the new Philips ECG Computer Care Kit These useful kits give people just what s required to make sure terminal screens drive heads other key components and sensitive PhilipsECG aoe Excellence A North Ameri
314. tes each line to specified length 11 WRAP wraps at column 80 plus pretty pretty printing page s USERS DISK 16 BB I Modem Software 1 RCPM27 list of U S bulletin boards 2 SMODEM interfaces BB I with Hayes Smartmodem SEINE SS easy to use with non CP M host for port 4 BBPAT menu selection of BAUD rate bits char parity amp stop bits 5 MODEM 7 Modem 7 plus BBPAT lets you talk to anything from port A USERS DISK 17 Small C version 2 SMALLC2 this substantially expanded version of Small C now includes for goto label switch case external declarations new preprocessor commands expanded I O includes redirection initializers plus 12 new expressions The I O and runtime libraries have been greatly expanded including printf Source amp documentation on one full disk USERS DISK 18 FORTH IFORTH this is Idaho FORTH which can be burned into ROM or loaded from disk It replaces the PFM monitor amp handles all the monitor functions See issue 11 FORTH column for more info about IFORTH and this disk Users Disks 1 pia each USERS DISK 19 BB I Double Density New BB I Monitor BIOS character ROM Winches ter Interface ZCPR and formatter from Trevor Marshall See BB I expansion article in Issue 11 USERS DISK 20 Assemblers CROWEASM This is the Crowe assembler modi fied so that it runs on any CP M system including the BB I BB II Xerox Includes COM Z80 and DOC files
315. test it we will never be able to believe with any confidence that we ve succeeded Reassuring Isn t It The advisory panel estimates that identifying tracking and destroying thousands of missiles and tens of thousands of warheads in under 30 minutes will require by far the largest single computer program ever written between 19 and 35 million lines And generating the code will require 100 000 man years and a miracle the panel concluded not counting the missiles Of course this really isn t unreasonable if we start soon enough the source close to the president continued We just need a lead programmer who can teach ADA Then we ll hire 99 999 BASIC programmers and retrain them Just Academic According to M I T physicist Herbert Lin A computer system as complex as Star Wars can be expected to contain tens of thousands of errors Some would be eliminated by testing components but when the components are put together new bugs inevitably would turn up In the first field trial of Aegis a computerized system designed to defend ships from air attack the weapon failed to stop 6 of 116 targets If the Star Wars software can do as well on its maiden run only 37 000 out of every 100 000 warheads 37 per cent would penetrate our defenses So it goes Government officials are betting that one or two little battles will be sufficient to test Star Wars We ll just have to pick a fight with one of the smaller
316. that the way we commu nicate with computers now by if then and else logic isn t the right way Maybe there s a methodology for conveying to these machines what we want them to do that is as different from current logic as pictori continued on page 59 Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 57 A ene eee LU ew amp AT CU amp 45942 aT FOR YOUR KAYPRO Electronic RAM disk and Printer Buffer Combination the ultimate add on for Kaypro ll 4 2 84 4 84 and 2X Computers Incredible speed and efficiency are offered using MicroSphere s dual operation Electronic RAM disk and printer buffer No longer will you need to wait for your Kaypro to slowly finish mundane tasks such as running a printer or waiting for floppy drives to turn pe you have better things to do RAM disk size Configuration Unstuffed board any size fully tested 256K 4K or 32K printer buffer 512K 4K 32K or 64K printer buffer 768K 4K 32K or 64K printer buffer 1mb 4K 32K or 64K printer buffer 595 00 U S add 5 00 shipping International add 15 00 shipping When ordering please include the model of Kaypro to be used Boards can be upgraded should yours need change Typical speed increases you can expect to see using MicroSphere s RAM disk 4MHz Kaypro Floppy Disk RAM Disk Recalc 14K Perfect Calc 9 31 25 1 17 78 Load LADDER COM 9 38 2 12 Load Printer Buffer 24 61 pages PIP 2 he LST delice Time in secon
317. ting system is now generally recognized I think the next wave may make an environment to settle these language issues And I look forward to that because we ve got to have an idea of what makes up a good lan guage before we can decide on what the rules of grammar are ag Sidekick for CP M e Write Hand Man Desk Accessories for CP M NEW Now with automatic screen refresh Suspend CP M applications such as WordStar dBase and SuperCalec with a single keystroke and look up phone numbers edit a notepad make appointments view files and directories commu nicate with other computers and do simple arithmetic Return to undisturbed application All made possible by Write Hand Man Ready to run after a simple terminal configuration No installation required Don t be put down by 16 bit computer owners Now any CP M 2 2 machine can have the power of Sidekick Bonus User extendable Add your own applications 49 95 plus tax California residents shipping included Volume and dealer discounts Available on IBM 8 inch and Northstar 5 inch disks Other 5inch formats available with a 5 00 handling charge CP M 2 2 required CP M 3 not supported COD or checks ok no credit cards Poor Person Software 3721 Starr King Circle Palo Alto CA 94306 tel 415 493 3735 Write Hand Man trademark of Poor Person Software CP M trademark of Digital Research Sidekick trademark of Borland International dBase trademark of Ash
318. tives Let s change our On and Off primi tives and redefine our screen size to work on 84 Kaypros Figure 3 Other systems will probably have different primitives The screen array will now use a lot more memory than before The 24x79 screen used less than 2000 bytes of memory The 100x160 screen how ever will use 16000 bytes so it might be costly in a big program We can save memory though by giving up a little speed In the process we ll be making it harder to tell if a dot is On or Off so let s make it easier with Pix Its boolean returns True if a dot is On and False if a dot is Off See example in the figure below Function Pix y x Integer Boolean Begin Pix screenly x End The CLS procedure it clears the graphics screen will be slower now as well so let s speed things up a bit with the Pascal procedure FillChar which fills a block of memory with a specified value Since our graphics screen is 16000 bytes we can clear it with FillChar screen 16000 False Circles After looking high and low for years for a fast round circle drawing rou tine I settled on the one in Figure 4 We re passing the coordinates for the center of the circle and a point on the radius to the procedure The procedure draws eight dots at sym metrical points along the circle and e Structure e External Libraries e Full Memory e Superior Graphics Keal Programmers Do Use BASIC Especially when it s True BA
319. to new line putchar space 3 x putchar c 3 write the first characters counter bump counter by one x gt gt else putchar c output character gt putchar c 3 write the EOF character to end of file gt 4z lib e function library xx Copyright 1982 J E Hendrix define NOCCARGC don t pass arg count to functions called by these functions include abs c include dtoi c include itod c include itou c include itox c include left c include out c include printf c include sign c include strcemp c include utoi c include xtoi c End of Listing Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Figure 1 Bibliofile Text File Format a Author y Year t Title s Source journal or book 1 Location volume number amp pages k Keywords searches by keywords Figure 2 Original File Created by dBASE II Zedler J D P Jorgenson W Magdych G Kramer 11984 Salt marsh monitoring and historical analysis of Tijuana Estuary a proposal to the National Atmospheric and Oceanographic Administration Office of Coastal Resource Management Sanctuary Programs Division Unpub Manuscr l l6 pp proposal thesis salt marsh Salicornia Tijuana Estuary aerial photos streamflow analysis vegetation monitoring iDuff C B and N D Iverson 1984 Forth meets Smalltalk l J
320. to seasickness so Pll be copying everything down to floppies and possibly buying a spare drive Thick Slice You ve all heard of the Fat Mac Well now I ll tell you about the Thick Slice A recent letter opened my eyes to a method of putting 512K on the main board of a Slicer using 41256 DRAMs I must warn you that I haven t done this myself so I don t know the exact pin numbers etc I hope this lack of detail will keep the novices away so they don t get in trouble The Thick Slice should be a simple modification The only extra circuitry required is a new chip select line for the TMS4500 RAM controller and Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 two new multiplexed address lines for chips with four times the capacity each I won t go into great detail since I don t have it but this should be enough to get you running Anyone who does this mod PLEASE send in a step by step guide for less adventur ous types Chip Select This one is extremely simple Cur rently CS chip select for the TMS4500 on the main board is han dled directly by the 80186 s built in memory chip select logic Whenever the LCS Lower Chip Select signal is asserted the RAM on the main board is selected LCS is now active whenev er a memory access occurs in the bottom 256K of memory 00000 3FFFF We want to select the 4500 any time a memory reference is in the bottom 512K 00000 7F FFF This wou
321. ton Tate WordStar trademark of Micropro SuperCalc a trademark 61 No Lower Price Anywhere We have the lowest prices for Sanyo SOLVEX MARKETING 203 928 3654 PHONE ORDERS ONLY 789 649 l TeleVideo Portable Computers a TPC 1 ONLY 50 UNITS LEFT TELEWRITE Word Processing Software TELECALC Spreadsheet TELECHART Intergrated Business Graphics CP M 80 v 2 2 i 2 368 K Drives Formatted 64 K RAM Expandable to 128 K 32 K Graphics RAM 640 x 240 Bit Mapped Display 9 Yellow Non Glare Screen Serial Port Printer Port Mouse Port IBM Style Keyboard Easily Connected to Televideo Network Systems Read Dozens of CP M Disk Formats with Mycroft Lab s COMPAT Oniy 49 00 PR5000 299 SANYO WORDSTAR SPELLSTAR MAILMERGE CALCSTAR INFOSTAR BASIC CP M 80 v 2 2 Letter Quality Printer DUAL 1 MB 8 DRIVES Accepts Paper up to 13 Wide READS IBM 3740 DISKS 14 cps Bi directional Printing 2 SERIAL RS 232 PORTS 10 12 or 15 cpi Print Pitch PRINTER PORT 2 ips Paper Feed INTEL MULTIBUS SLOT Centronics Interface Tractor Feed Available 125 64K PRINT BUFFER 89 CASH PRICE ONLY x 1 ALSO IN STOCK Check in advance Add 3 for VISA MC No Returns DUAL 8 1 MB FLOPY 399 Shipping amp Handling charges will be added to each order 8 MB HARD DISK 999 For MBC 1100 Series For complete technical literature send 1 to P
322. two simple primitives in each graphic routine to display aster isks or blanks at specified locations as shown in the figure below Procedure On x y Integer Begin GotoXY x y Write H soreenl y x True End Procedure Off y x Integer Begin GotoxXY x y Write H screenly x False End Figure 1 T Graphics Program Drawsnake Draw border Animate snake Const miny 13 maxy 24 minx 1 maxx 79 length_of_snake 75 Var y x Integer screen Array miny maxy minx maxx of Boolean snakey snakex Array 0 length_of_snake of Integer head tail dy dx count Integer i j Integer Procedure On y x Integer Begin GotoXY x y Write H sereenly x True End Procedure Off y x Integer Begin GotoxY x y Write H soreenly x False End Procedure Cls Var i j Integer Begin For i sminy to maxy Do For j zminx to maxx Do off i j End Procedure Box y1 x1 y2 x2 Integer Var i Integer Begin For issy1 to y2 Do Begin On i x1 On i x2 End For i x1 to x2 Do Begin On y1 1 On y2 1 End End 80 Basics In Turbo Pascal Three variables x y and screen will be global please don t yell at me Mr Wirth to all of the routines Put them at the beginning of your program Const miny 1 maxy 24 minx 1 maxx 79 Var y x Integer screen Array miny maxy minx maxx of Boolean Animation By combining our
323. uns CP M Plus banked and the multi user version runs MP M II or Turbo DOS SOG attendees were really excited about this zingy board eager to save CP M but cost 649 and the operat ing system CP M Plus isn t fully compatible with CP M 2 2 might hurt its chances Express Laine showed off the text editor he s been working on for the last two years He has two versions version 1 and version 2 isn t this exciting so far Version 1 is one of the best exam ples of freeware I ve seen and it s the only one I know of available for CP M 80 Version 1 is free Public domain Yet it is very fast and very powerful beats WordStar and Perfect hands down No text formatting built in but it comes with ROFF a public domain formatter There are no games in this freeware It s a viable commer cial product but it has no pitches for money Chances are though once you get familiar with version 1 you re going to want version 2 Laine had quite a line up of takers for version 2 at the SOG Version 2 is a copyrighted program You pays your money and you gets the deluxe version continued on page 54 Dave Thomp SOG continued from page 53 Version 2 Upgrades mentioned above contact the follow 1 You can edit files which are too ing people big to fit into memory X 16 Helix UniQuad PC Tech Hazelwood Computing 2 You can move blocks of text eens ETA larger than 1K Lake City MN 5
324. val storage devices and topics of interest to people who do their own electronic or paper publishing S ents rials on suea ae page make un softwere f techniques fot integrating E _ DESKTOP PUBLISHING _ USER S GUIDE TO CPM PCUSER The cover price is 5 but you can save 11 by ordering a subscription for 24 and paying with your order You ll get seven issues for the price of six And there s no risk you Name can cancel after the first issue for a full refund Address City State Zip MC Visa Exp Date We also publish User s Guide to CP M devoted entirely to CP M computer users and PC USER a new magazine for users of PC compatible computers and MS DOS software Each magazine is 22 for a six issue subscription Send payment now and get seven issues for the price of six 2055 Woodside Rd 180 Redwood City CA 94061 415 364 0108 BBS 415 367 1029 MCI Mail Tony Bove CompuServe 70105 722 The Well t c DESKTOP PUBLISHING for anyone who publishes Information using computers Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 THE FUTURE OF COMPUTING continued from page 59 You have to learn the rules of gram mar you have to learn the program ming language You have to learn how to spell So I said This doesn t stand a chance because why would anybody ever learn How did it ever happen Then I asked myself How did our education system ever happen
325. velopment Interactive Forth 83 Interpreter Compilers e 16 bit and 32 bit implementations Full screen editor and assembler Uses standard operating system files 400 page manual written in plain English Options include software floating point arithmetic coprocessor support symbolic debugger native code compilers and graphics support FoF Applications Forth 83 Metacompiler e Unique table driven multi pass Forth compiler Compiles compact ROMable or disk based applications Excellent error handling Produces headerless code compiles from intermediate states and performs conditional compilation Cross compiles to 8080 Z 80 8086 68000 and 6502 e No license fee or royalty for compiled applications Support Services for registered users e Technical Assistance Hotline e Periodic newsletters and low cost updates Bulletin Board System Call or write for detailed product information and prices Consulting and Educational Services available by special arrangement Post Office Box 10430 Marina del Rey CA 90295 Phone credit card orders to 213 306 7412 j Laboratory Microsystems Incorporated Overseas Distributors Germany Forth Systeme Angelika Flesch D 7820 Titisee Neustadt UK System Science Ltd London EC1A 9JX France Micro Sigma S A R L 75008 Paris Japan Southern Pacific Ltd Yokohama 220 Australia Wave onic Associates 6107 Wilson W A T1 Toll Free Order Line Order Line 1 800 223 EPIC 9AM GPM C
326. wer Shotkey which matched the speed of TTL Low power Shotkey cut power requirements by 4 or 5 times and they got right down to the same price And then they got cheaper This completely annihilated the CMOS Although CMOS was more cost effective from a power point of view at 100KHz at 5MHz low power Shotkeys were even with CMOS CMOS had missed its window It had a second chance though thanks to the Japanese What Business Are We In When the computer industry was beginning to blossom we began to get religion We began thinking about management and wanting to become more than a mom and pop company It was a mistake My wife ordered a subscription to the Harvard Business Review With the subscription they sent a set of reprints of famous articles of the past One of the articles Market Myopia was about businessmen not recogniz ing what business they re in If the railroad people for example had realized they were in the transpor tation business they would have off set the slump in railroads by investing in airplanes Instead of United Air lines it would be Southern Pacific Airlines If the telegraph company had known it was in the communications business instead of the telegraph business they could have bought all the telephone patents in 1880 for 40 000 Now you have to add a digit to that to get an idea of how much it s worth today Why didn t they buy it Because they thought they were
327. with IBM by year s end Currently IBM s baby weighs in at a hefty 982 with 256K of memory or 524 with a less useful 64K Gee and we thought memory prices were com ing down Micro C Bulletin Board More and more of you are using our bulletin board and it looks like we ve worked out the kinks Thanks again for the support This month we re adding an area for MS DOS public domain software So check it out Keep calling 503 382 7643 Modula II At SOG IV One of SOG IV s highlights for me was the first public showing of Bor land International s CP M Modula II compiler It s still in Beta Test but it works supporting the Modula II specified by Niklaus Wirth in Pro gramming In Modula II third cor rected edition It has three extensions string assignment and comparison MODULE Sieve Future Tense Editor Pascal like I O and ADA like excep tion handlers Mike Weisert who s working on Modula Toolbox envisions Modula II as a complement not a replacement for Turbo Pascal With its support libraries Modula is better suited for large programs and since Modula and Pascal are syntacti cally very similar you can use Turbo Pascal to test ideas you re considering for a Modula library So you can take advantage of Pascal development speed but later have modular org anization If you can read Pascal you can probably read Modula For a compari son of Pascal and Modula II code se
328. x 4 90 x 0 5 inches and installs directly into the Z 80 socket of your computer Based on the popular WD1010 controller chip it is fully ST 506 compatible and supports advanced features such as true CRC error detection multi block transfer implied seek and more With the use of the on board sector buffer sectors of 128 256 512 or 1024 bytes are easily transferred using direct O Shipped ready to install for the Big Board or 820 this package delivers hard disk performance at floppy prices Order yours today Advanced Concepts Engineering amp Consulting 8926 S W 17th Street Boca Raton Florida 33433 TO ORDER Call 305 482 7302 Terms UPS Cash COD Check or Money Order Please allow 4 weeks for delivery Florida residents add 5 Sales Tax Dealer and OEM inquiries invited Trademark of Digital Research Computers of Texas SA 604 or equivalent hard disk drive while quantities last Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 with them and we ve gotten pretty casual about it Don t be casual inside the 2000 NMOS is the stuff we ve been working with This isn t NMOS this is CMOS and there s a big difference Some CMOS chips are very well protected the HC and HCT parts that we all handle like LS But others like CMOS 8088s and CMOS RAM are VERY sensitive The reason they re so sensitive is that their inputs are very high imped ance they look a lot like open cir cuits The
329. xpects a file called BIBLIO TXT as input and writes the converted file to a file called BIBLIO BIB which should be a text file output by dBASE s COPY TO DELIMITED WITH command The phrase DB2BF lt BIBLIO TXT reads the file BIBLIO TXT and sends the converted output to the screen since CONSOLE is the default for stdout 49 IC BLOWOUT CPU SUPPORT MC68000 8 CPU ZIOA CPU resi Seatac eo is 2 50 Z80A 0 e Sa i aeai ae 3 50 Z80A SIO o rnein ieas Z80A DMA Caon a o iiudiriatedwtea obo 1 50 MODEM DIALER TMS 99532 Modem TMS 99531 Dialer 8 00 FLOPPY CONTROLLER BAUD GENERATOR WO8116 vic eet aaen 8 MISCELLANEOUS WD9216 Synch Sep MM58167A Clock Chip 8 50 CA301 Op Amp 00005 CA083 Op Amp ON S0DS ca pee a an enia 1 00 Voltage Regulators LM323K 5V 3A 4 50 LM78H12 12V 5A 5 00 6116 2Kx8 Static Ram 3 00 VIDEO CONTROLLER ATOM OO Sas hea aa tyne Re Letts 5 00 74LS SERIES Ce _ BATTERIES Lead Acid D Cell 2V 2 5A 1 50 PRINTERS Centronics 703 Centronics 588 Centronics P1 Teletype 43KSR NEC 2000 with Single Bin Cut Sheet Feeder Transtar 315 Color 50 ERAC CO KAYPRO EQUIPMENT 9 Green Monitor 12 Green Monitor Keyboard new Kaypro
330. you want a head load pad for your Tandon Shugart or whatever drive the single sided variety have a soft pad which forms the disk around the read write head drop a note to Allyn Franklin of Drive Masters He called and offered them free but I insisted he accept 1 each I ve paid 5 each for pads and been grateful to get them After six months to a year most head load pads get hard flat and full of oxide particles A bad pad can scratch the back side of a disk and is not able to shape the media around the head Thus bad head load pads are a major cause of BDOS errors the worst kind He also sells 83mm metric screws those hard to find jobbies you need to fasten down most half heights for 1 per set of eight Beat that Send him a self addressed stamped envelope a note telling him the brand and model drive s you have the number of pads or sets of screws you need and 1 for each Allyn did an impromptu session on disk drive repair at the SOG He s making these parts available be cause he s so excited about what s going on in the group Thanks Allyn Drive Masters 489 S Robertson Blvd Beverly Hills CA 90211 California Digital Allyn Franklin uses Computer Com ponents Unlimited Jade and Priority One read Priority One s fine print for drive guarantees He has had trouble with California Digital Vote For Mitsubishi Drives Rick Draganowski from Servo Sys tems says that the only 5 1 4
331. you why it s not useful to read ports while initializing them and why interrupt 21 hex and interrupt 21 decimal tend to differ slightly in their effects on an MS DOS machine It took me say 15 hours to write this program and about 11 of them were utterly wasted by the sort of careless ness and thoughtlessness that a good accountant s mentality would surely have avoided by instinct Why do naturally disorderly folks play with computers at all when they evidently have no talent for them Because there s NOTHING around no young folks not even sex that sport into C 3Z80 IN r C command char into L return in HL DB OEDH 059H 280 OUT C r rzE endasm And here are the set_serial routines for the Kaypro and COM1 on an IBM or compatible KAYPRO VERSION jiediataes Ud outb 0x18 6 outb Oxf 0 outb 0x4 6 outb 0x44 6 outb 0x03 6 On Suce y x top top 2 And maxsp End reset control port 6 19200 baud baud port 0 bit set control one stop bit 16x clock receop Suce y Micro Cornucopia Number 26 October November 1985 Eco C Compiler Release 3 0 We think Rel 3 0 of the Eco C Compiler is the beats that wonderful well done thou fastest full C available for the Z80 environment good and faithful servant feeling that Consider the evidence comes when the beast cooperates and 3 Penennak you can go back to cover up your
332. your answer will be in writing You have my word that the PS Turbo 640 has been accurately represented on this page and is in fact the absolute best buy for your dollars If for any reason you don t like the 640 then you also have my word that upon our receiving the system those dollars will be returned to you im mediately If you want to know for sure if the Turbo 640 is the computer for you buy it The local book is 100 to one that once you have one you ll never part with it PS Turbo 640 System 1 700 PS Turbo 640 System with 10 Meg Internal Hard Disk 2 200 The really fine print Microsoft DOS and Flight Simulator are trademarks of Micro soft Corporation Lotus s a trademark of Lotus Development Corporation Dbase Ill is a trademark of Ashton Tate Turbo Pascal and Sidekick are trademarks of Borland International The PopUp series of so tware are trademarks of Bellsoft IBM is a trademark of a company called International Business Machines InfoWorld The Wall Street Journal and USA Today are nationally distributed publications Local Order Line 619 325 4856 Modem Line 300 1 200 619 323 4962 Pascal Procedures By John P Jones This time we ll look at global and local variables and variables passed as parameters Review Since the visibility of a variable local or global is related to the block structure of the program let s review how a Pascal program is structured Procedures and functions are

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