CompTIA® A+ Quick Reference (220-801 and 220-802)
Contents
1. PEARSON IT CERTIFICATION CompTIA A Quick Reference 220 801 and 220 802 Mark Edward Soper PEARSON 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis Indiana 46240 USA CompTIA A Quick Reference 220 801 and 220 802 Copyright 2013 by Pearson Education Inc All rights reserved No part of this book shall be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without written permission from the publisher No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein ISBN 13 978 0 7897 5022 8 ISBN 10 0 7897 5022 8 The Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data is on file Printed in the United States on America First Printing July 2012 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized Pearson IT Certification cannot attest to the accuracy of this information Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Warning and Disclaimer Every effort2. 127 Program Compatibility Wizard 104 Registry 105 106 security 128 130 system requirements 98 upgrading 106 107 outer shells replacing 75 overclocking options 2 overwriting drives 144 P packets 44 137 pages per minute PPM 81 paging files 11 PANs personal area net works 57 155 156 parallel LPT ports 35 Parallel ATA PATA drives installing 26 parallel printers connec tions 88 parity 11 partitioning 109 110 passive matrix LCD moni tors 34 passwords formatting 141 142 modifying 139 security 136 PATA Parallel ATA drives formatting 144 installing 26 patch cables 40 PC Card 16 bit 61 PCIe PCI Express bus 61 PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association cards 61 62 PCs personal computers adapter cards 19 22 BIOS 11 15 configurations 36 37 cooling methods 30 CPUs 32 bit versus 64 bit 1 2 caches 3 clock rates 2 cooling methods 8 cores 2 3 graphics 4 hyperthreading 4 replacing 71 73 sockets 4 8 virtualization 4 integrated ports 22 T O devices 35 36 laptops See laptops memory 9 11 monitors 33 35 motherboards 15 19 operating systems 97 104 Operational Procedures 91 96 OS operating systems 10 3 113 power supplies 31 32 storage devices 23 29 performance 32 bit versus 64 bit CPUs 1 2 caches 3 clock rates 2 cooling methods 8 cores 2 3 graphics 4 hyperthreading 4 memory 11 sockets 4 8
3. 57 ISPs Internet service pro viders 44 J jacks 40 73 See also con necting joining networks 123 K Kerberos user authentica tion Windows 130 keyboards 35 65 66 key fobs 135 keypads 135 keys physical 135 special function Fn 78 79 L Land Grid Array LGA 4 Landscape mode 152 languages Windows 110 LANs local area net works 57 laptops display components 76 77 features 77 80 hardware expansion options 61 64 replacing devices 64 75 locks 80 tablets comparing 158 troubleshooting 196 200 laser printers 81 83 Layout setting Control Panel 119 LCD CCFL cold cathode fluorescent 76 LCD liquid crystal dis plays 34 76 LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 49 least privileges 140 141 LEDs light emitting diodes 34 76 levels of caches 3 LGA Land Grid Array 4 lifting equipment 92 light emitting diodes See LEDs lights 40 See also heat Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP 49 line of sight connections 57 link local addresses 46 liquid crystal displays LCDs 34 76 local area networks LANs 57 Local Security Policy 114 locks cables 80 doors 135 laptops 80 logs events 163 loopbacks addresses 44 plugs 59 MAC Media Access Control addresses SOHO routers 51 magnetic drives 24 maintenance inkjet printers 84 Wi Fi antennas 77 Windows 127 malicious software 196 See also securi
4. Digital 34 DXDiag 118 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP 44 51 dynamic IP addresses 44 46 47 Dynamic RAM DRAM 9 ECC error correction code 11 EDO Extended Data Out memory 9 expansion 211 EIA 568 B wire pairs pins 40 41 electricity 92 93 electrostatic discharge See ESD email configuring mobile devices 157 158 emulators requirements 132 enabling network connec tivity on mobile devices 154 155 encryption RSA 135 136 wireless 50 51 engines scanning 137 environmental control pro cedures 94 environments PXE 108 109 equipment lifting moving 92 Eraser 144 error correction code ECC 11 errors operating systems 97 eSATA header cables 25 ESD electrostatic dis charge preventing 91 92 ETA 568 A wire pairs pins 41 42 Ethernet twisted pair cables 40 42 event logs 163 executing PXE 108 109 expansion cards motherboards 17 19 laptops 61 64 212 Explorer Explorer 118 ExpressCards 61 62 Extended Data Out EDO memory 9 extinguishers fire 93 F factory recovery partitions 110 fans 8 30 40 FAT32 File Allocation Table 32 109 143 FC fiber optic cable con nectors 39 F connectors 43 FDDs floppy disk drives 30 FDISK command line tool 112 features laptops 77 80 operating systems Windows 113 118 fiber optics cables 39 40 Internet connections 56 field replaceable units FRUs 3
5. single inline memory mod ules SIMMs 9 single mode fiber optic cables 39 sinks active heat 8 heat 30 six step troubleshooting process 161 163 Sleep Suspend setting Control Panel 120 slots motherboards 17 19 Small Computer System Interface SCSI drives installing 28 small office home office See SOHO Small Outline DIMMs See SODIMMs smart cards 135 136 smartphones Android 149 See also Android mobile devices SMB Server Message Blocks 49 snapshots hardware 161 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 49 sockets 4 8 SODIMMs Small Outline DIMMs 10 61 63 soft resets 153 software antispyware 139 AV 137 firewalls 137 138 HTCSync Software 159 malicious troubleshooting 196 mobile devices download ing 151 operating systems 97 SOHO small office home office 47 routers configuring 51 52 wired network security 146 wireless network security 145 146 solid state drives SSDs 24 Sony Memory Stick Pro 64 SPDIF Sony Phillips Digital Interface Format 35 speakers 35 36 75 special function Fn keys 78 79 speed CPUs 2 SPGA Staggered Pin Grid Array 4 spyware 139 SSDs solid state disks 24 66 67 SSH Secure Shell 49 SSIDs service set identi fiers 51 Staggered Pin Grid Array SPGA 4 standards Wi Fi 50 Standby setting Control Panel 120 StarBand 56 star networks 58 stateful packet
6. tops 64 65 behavior heuristics 137 best practices laptop disassembly 200 workstation security 141 143 BGA Ball Grid Array 4 biometrics 36 135 136 BIOS Basic Input Output System 1 11 15 clock rates 2 operating systems 97 Bluetooth connections 36 155 156 Blu ray drives 24 25 BNC connectors 43 booting 108 See also installing BOOTREC command line tool 112 bridges 58 broadcasts disabling SSIDs 51 built in overclocking options 2 bus topologies 43 58 Cc cable Internet connections 52 53 modems 47 cable select CS 26 cables See also connecting cutters 59 locks 80 management 93 networks 39 coaxial 43 fiber optic 39 40 twisted pair 40 42 SCSI 28 testers 59 caches CPUs 3 calibrating Android screens 152 153 camcorders See video CardBus 61 62 cathode ray tubes CRTs 33 34 CCDs charged coupled devices 36 CD CHDIR command line tool 112 CDFS CD file system 109 CDs compact discs drives 24 25 Windows installing from 108 cellular mobile hotspot connections 57 central processing units See CPUs chain of custody prohibited content activities 96 channels wireless 51 characters per second CPS 81 charged coupled devices CCDs 36 chemicals MSDSs 94 CHKDSK command line tool 113 CIDR classless interdo main routing 44 Class A B amp C addresses 44 45 classification systems IPv4 44 classless inte
7. troubleshooting 170 178 hard resets 153 hardware adapter cards 19 22 BIOS 11 15 configurations 36 37 cooling methods 30 CPUs 1 8 firewalls 137 138 integrated ports 22 T O devices 35 36 laptops 61 display components 76 77 expansion options 61 64 features 77 80 replacing devices 64 75 memory 9 11 monitors 33 35 motherboards 15 19 Operational Procedures 91 96 power supplies 31 32 snapshots 161 storage devices 23 29 Hardware profiles setting Control Panel 119 hazards shocks 93 HDMI High Definition Media Interface 34 HDTV High Definition TV resolutions 34 heat cooling methods 8 30 sinks 30 heating venting and air conditioning HVAC 40 HEPA High Efficiency Particulate Arresting fil ters 94 Hertz Hz 33 heuristics 137 Hibernate setting Control Panel 120 Hide Display File Extensions setting Control Panel 119 High Definition Media Interface See HDMI High Definition TV See HDTV High Efficiency Particulate Arresting HEPA filters 94 homegroups 123 HomeGroup setting Control Panel 120 Home Office Work and Public settings 125 HP QuickDock 79 HTCSync Software 159 HT Technology See hyper threading hubs 58 HughesNet 56 humidity 91 94 HVAC heating venting and air conditioning 40 hybrid networks 58 hyperthreading 4 hypervisors 133 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 802 1
8. 143 preventive maintenance Windows 127 printers impact 86 87 inkjet 84 85 installing 87 88 laser 81 83 maintenance 89 90 networks 88 thermal 86 troubleshooting 200 206 types of 81 Printers and Faxes setting Control Panel 120 printing SMBs 49 Print Management 114 privacy filters 136 Privacy setting Control Panel 119 private IP addresses 45 46 privileges 140 143 processes troubleshooting 161 163 processors 1 4 professionalism procedures 95 96 Program Compatibility Wizard 104 programs antispyware 139 AV 137 firewalls 137 138 HTCSync Software 159 malware troubleshooting 196 mobile devices download ing 151 Programs setting Control Panel 119 prohibited content activities 96 prompts 111 See also command line tools properties NICs 126 protecting components 94 95 electrical shock 92 protocols DHCP 44 49 TP 44 LDAP 49 SFTP 49 SMBs 49 SNMP 49 SSH 49 stateful filters 138 TCP 48 49 TCP IP 44 48 UDP 49 proxies filters 138 settings networks 124 PS 2 ports 35 public IP addresses 45 46 punchdown tools 59 PXE Preboot Execution Environment 108 109 Q QoS quality of service 52 QuickDock HP 79 RAID redundant array of inexpensive or inde pendent disks 28 29 170 178 RSA encryption 219 RAM random access memory 9 10 See also memory 32 bit versus 64 bit CPUs 1 troubleshooting 164 170 RA
9. 185 wire strippers 59 wizards Program Compatibility Wizard 104 workgroups joining 123 workstations best practices security 142 143 multiprocessors 2 3 World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access WiMAX 57 worms 138 WPS Wi Fi Protected Setup 52 145 146 wrist straps ESD 92 WWAN cellular network connections 123 124 X X axis 35 XCOPY command line tool 113 Y Y axis 35 ZIF Zero Insertion Force 4
10. CPU from the socket Retain it for possible reuse see Figure 3 14 Figure 3 14 A typical laptop processor a and its socket b Chapter 3 Laptops 73 Remove old thermal material from fan or heat sink parts you are reusing See the instructions with a new CPU for applying thermal material during installation DC Jack The DC Jack receives DC power from the computer s AC DC power converter and routes it to the motherboard It is typically part of a cable assembly that also contains the cable that carries power to the motherboard To replace it follow these steps 1 After removing power from the system including the battery remove other components as directed These might include the hard disk WLAN cover optical drive keyboard key board cover display assembly hinges and top cover 2 Unclip the DC jack from the case 3 Unclip the power cable leading from the DC jack from the case 4 If the power cable connector is not accessible remove other components as needed to access it such as the system board or ExpressCard assembly 5 If necessary turn over the system board to access the power connector 6 Disconnect the power cable connector from the system board To install the replacement DC jack reverse these steps System Board Accessing the system board motherboard requires almost complete disassembly of the computer Follow this basic procedure 1 After removing power from the system including t
11. has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible but no warranty or fitness is implied The information provided is on an as is basis The author and the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of the CD or programs accompanying it Bulk Sales Que Publishing offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales For more information please contact U S Corporate and Government Sales 1 800 382 3419 corpsales pearsontechgroup com For sales outside of the U S please contact International Sales international pearsoned com Associate Publisher Dave Dusthimer Acquisitions Editor Betsy Brown Development Editor Andrew Cupp Managing Editor Sandra Schroeder Project Editor Mandie Frank Copy Editor Keith Cline Indexer Larry Sweazy Proofreader Leslie Joseph Technical Editor Chris Crayton Publishing Coordinator Vanessa Evans Interior Designer Gary Adair Cover Designer Sandra Schroeder Composition Bronkella Publishing Contents at a Glance Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Introduction Hardware Networking Laptops Printers Operational Procedures Operating Systems Security Mobile Devices Trouble
12. of printers impact 86 87 inkjet 84 85 laser 81 83 maintenance 89 90 networks 88 thermal 86 of RAM 10 of sockets 4 8 of storage devices 23 24 of video connectors 34 of viruses 138 of Windows operating sys tems Administrator accounts UAC 103 104 client networking 121 126 client side virtualization 131 133 command line tools 111 113 Control Panel tools 118 121 determining compatibility 108 differences in editions 98 103 directories 104 105 features 113 118 installing 108 111 maintenance 127 Program Compatibility Wizard 104 Registry 105 106 security 128 130 upgrading 106 107 U UAC User Account Control 103 104 128 UDP User Datagram Protocol 49 UEFI firmware 1 UMPCs Ultra Mobile PCs 10 unattended installations 108 unauthorized access pre venting 136 See also security UNC uniform or univer sal naming convention 88 Unified Troubleshooting Folder setting Control Panel 120 uniform or universal naming convention UNC 88 unshielded twisted pair UTP cables 40 updating BIOS 11 operating systems 97 Windows 110 upgrading operating sys tems 106 107 USB universal serial bus 36 drives 61 flash drives 30 memory 63 printers 88 U S Department of Defense DoD 144 153 User Account Control UAC 103 104 128 User Datagram Protocol UDP 49 users authentication 130 education security 140 Us
13. separate component or if it is built in to the top cover If the touch pad is built in to the top cover remove the top cover Chapter 3 Laptops 75 2 If the touch pad is a separate component remove components that block access to the screws that hold the touch pad in place These might include the hard drive WLAN cover optical drive keyboard keyboard cover display assembly and top cover 3 Place the system so that the bottom of the system faces up 4 Disconnect the cable from the pointing devices to the motherboard 5 Remove the clips or screws holding the touch pad in place 6 Remove the touch pad assembly To replace the touch pad reverse these steps Plastics Most of the outer shell of a laptop consists of several plastic subassemblies However a typical plastics kit includes the removable covers over components such as the hard drive and memory and might include items such as the bezel for the optical drive and the rubberized feet for the bot tom of the unit To replace any of these items follow these steps 1 Remove power from the laptop 2 Turn over the unit 3 Remove the old component by unscrewing it covers or prying it off bezels or feet To replace a component reverse the previous steps Speaker To remove speakers follow this basic procedure 1 After removing power from the laptop remove components that block access to the speak ers These might include the hard drive WLAN cover opti
14. virtualization 4 ports 217 Performance Monitor 114 Performance virtual memory setting Control Panel 119 peripherals 1 permissions NTFS 128 130 143 shares 130 sharing 143 personal area networks See PANs personal computers See PCs personal identification number See PIN PGA Pin Grid Array 4 phishing 139 physical disk destruction 145 physical keys 135 physical security preven tion methods 135 piezoelectric nozzles inkjet printers 84 PING command line tool 112 Pin Grid Array PGA 4 PIN personal identification number 136 pixels 34 plan of action trouble shooting processes 163 plastics replacing 75 portable air filtration 94 portals security 135 Portrait mode 152 ports forwarding 51 TEEE 1394 110 218 POST power on self test integrated 22 replicators 79 SATA 25 TCP 48 triggering 51 VGA 34 POST power on self test 9 164 Power Plans setting Control Panel 120 power sources replacing batteries 64 65 supplies 31 32 Control Panel 120 DC jacks replacing 73 electrical fires 93 electrical shock protec tion 92 troubleshooting 164 170 PPM pages per minute 81 Preboot Execution Environment PXE 108 109 preventing data recovery 144 ESD 91 92 implementing 163 prevention methods secu rity data destruction disposal 144 145 digital security 136 141 physical security 135 workstation best prac tices 141
15. work in a field I love and for His encouragement over the years to arrive at this point in my career Second I want to thank my family for hanging in there during many long days and nights over the years as I ve worked on this and many other technical projects Thanks especially to Cheryl for words of encouragement many cups of tea and reminders to push away from the keyboard to our children for bringing me problems to solve time together to enjoy and to our grandchildren whose technological and creative skills continue to amaze A technology book is the work of many hands and I want to thank David Prowse for the opportu nity to adapt his content for this quick reference Dave and I have also worked on the Exam Guide for the current and previous A Certification exams and I am once again happy to have his help Thanks very much to Dave Dusthimer whose enthusiasm for creating the finest CompTIA A educational material has been an inspiration to the team Thanks also to Drew Cupp for his sug gestions encouragement and nudges when needed to Betsy Brown for keeping all the strands of these A projects from getting snarled to Sandra Schroeder for managing this project to Vanessa Evans for keeping those payments coming to Mandie Frank for making sure it was nicely wrapped up and to the rest of the Pearson Education team Thanks also to Chris Crayton for an outstanding job of tech editing and to Scott Mueller whose bestselling Upgrad
16. 1 security 132 133 systems Windows 98 See also RSS resetting mobile devices 153 resolutions display 33 35 modifying 119 printers 81 83 Resource Monitor Windows 7 115 resources operating systems 97 118 See also Windows virtualization 131 revolving doors 135 RFID Radio Frequency ID badges 135 RG 6 cables 43 RG 59 cables 43 RIMM RAMBUS Inline Memory Module 10 ring networks 58 riser boards 22 RJ 45 connectors 43 ROBOCOPY command line tool 113 rootkits 139 rotating screens 151 152 routers 44 47 58 SNMP 49 SOHO configuring 51 52 RSA encryption 135 136 220 RSS Really Simple Syndication RSS Really Simple Syndication 98 Running System Information MSInfo32 exe 161 RW rewriteable drives 24 25 S safety procedures 91 93 SATA Serial ATA drives formatting 144 installing 25 28 satellites Internet connections 56 57 modems 47 scanning 136 137 SC fiber optic cable con nectors 39 screens Android calibrating 152 153 mobile devices modifying orientation 151 152 modifying 119 replacing 70 71 troubleshooting 178 181 Screen Saver dialog box 142 SCSI Small Computer System Interface drives installing 28 SDHC SD High Capacity cards 29 64 SDRAM synchronous dynamic RAM 9 SD Secure Digital cards 29 64 searching Instant Desktop Search feature 115 secure digital cards See SD cards secure digita
17. 1 50 1394 ports 110 images deploying 109 IM instant messaging 98 impact printers 86 87 infrared IR ports print ers 88 inkjet printers 84 85 Internet 213 input output See I O inspection stateful packets 138 inSSIDer 51 installing adapter cards 22 drives 25 28 laptop hardware display components 76 77 expansion options 61 64 features 77 80 replacing devices 64 75 operating systems Windows 108 111 printers 87 88 regulations 93 SOHO routers 51 52 Instant Desktop Search fea ture 115 instant messaging See IM Integrated Services Digital Network ISDN 57 integration graphics 4 ports 22 Intel processors 7 See also processors interfaces 1 CPUs 4 8 drives 23 NICs 30 interference 43 54 Internet appliances 59 connections 52 cable 52 53 cellular mobile hotspot connections 57 214 Internet Options Control Panel dial up networking 55 56 DSL 53 55 fiber optic connections 56 ISDN 57 line of sight connections 57 satellite 56 57 WiMAX connections 57 Internet Options Control Panel 119 Internet Protocol See IP Internet service providers ISPs 44 inverters 76 TVO input output 1 35 36 IPCONFIG 45 112 IP Internet Protocol addresses assigning 49 configuring 126 static versus dynamic 46 47 IP4 IPv6 44 types of IP addresses 45 46 IR infrared ports print ers 88 ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
18. 1 33 File Allocation Table 32 See FAT32 file systems Windows 109 110 files permissions sharing 143 security 130 136 SFTP 49 signatures comparing 137 SMBs 49 filters HEPA 94 packets 137 privacy 136 proxy 138 stateful protocol 138 filtration air 94 fires electrical 93 firewalls 48 59 137 138 See also security SOHO routers 51 Windows Firewall 125 126 FireWire 35 36 88 firmware 1 flash drives 30 memory 61 64 floppy disk drives FDDs 30 Fn function keys 78 79 folders security 130 Format command 144 FORMAT command line tool 112 formatting See also config uring overclocking 2 passwords 141 142 form factors mother boards 16 17 forwarding ports 51 FRUs field replaceable units 31 3 functionality verifying 163 G gateways 46 47 general packet radio ser vice See GPRS General setting Control Panel 119 geotracking 153 Gingerbread 149 See also Android Global Positioning System See GPS Global System for Mobile Communications See GSM Gmail accessing 157 158 See also email Google 149 151 government regulations 93 GPRS general packet radio service 154 GPS Global Positioning System 153 GPUs graphic processing units 11 30 G Sensor calibration 152 153 GSM Global System for Mobile Communications 57 154 Gutmann Peter 144 gyroscopes 152 hard drives See also drives replacing 66 67
19. 4 155 SSIDs 51 disassembling laptops 200 DISKPART command line tool 113 disks overwriting 144 third party drivers 110 DisplayPort 34 displays Android screen calibration 152 153 components laptops 76 77 CRTs safe disposal of 93 mobile devices modifying orientation 151 152 modifying 119 resolutions 33 35 troubleshooting 178 181 WDDM 98 disposal of CRTs 93 DIY do it yourself 76 DLP digital light process ing 34 DMZs demilitarized zones 52 DNS Domain Name System 46 48 docking stations 79 documentation prohibited content activities 96 security 136 troubleshooting processes 163 DoD U S Department of Defense 153 do it yourself DIY 76 Domain Name System DNS 46 48 door locks 135 dot matrix printers See impact printers dots per inch DPD 81 downloading applications to mobile devices 151 DPI dots per inch 81 DRAM Dynamic RAM 9 drivers operating systems 97 printers See printers third party disk 110 WDDM 98 Windows 110 drives interfaces 23 magnetic 24 mapping 123 optical 24 installing 25 28 replacing 68 69 troubleshooting 170 178 Windows installing 108 partitioning 109 110 wiping 144 DSL digital subscriber line 47 53 55 dual channel memory 9 10 DUN dial up networking 55 56 123 124 DVD digital video distri bution discs drives 24 25 Windows installing 108 DVI D Digital Visual Interface
20. 57 Windows drives partitioning 109 110 network settings 110 operating systems Administrator accounts UAC 103 104 client networking 121 126 client side virtualization 131 133 command line tools 111 113 Control Panel tools 118 121 determining compatibility 108 differences in editions 98 103 directories 104 105 features 113 118 installing 108 111 maintenance 127 Program Compatibility Wizard 104 Registry 105 106 security 128 130 system requirements 98 upgrading 106 107 Windows 7 Control Panel 120 upgrading from Windows Vista 107 upgrading from Windows XP 107 Windows Disk Management 116 117 Windows Display Driver Model See WDDM Windows Firewall 125 126 Windows Firewall with Advanced Security 114 Windows Memory Diagnostics 114 Windows Vista Control Panel 120 upgrading from Windows XP 107 upgrading to Windows 7 107 Windows Vista 7 Recovery Environment 111 Windows XP Control Panel 120 Recovery Console 111 upgrading to Windows 7 107 upgrading to Windows Vista 107 wiping drives 144 wirecutters 59 wired Ethernet network con nections 123 124 wired networks SOHO security 146 troubleshooting 182 185 wireless cards replacing 69 70 wireless encryption 51 wireless Ethernet network connections 123 124 wireless network connec tions 46 wireless networks 50 SOHO routers 51 52 security 145 146 troubleshooting 182
21. MBUS Inline Memory Module RIMM 10 ranges addresses 46 See also TCP IP rates clock 2 RDC Remote Desktop Connection 124 RD RMDIR command line tool 112 readers biometrics 136 recovery preventing 144 redundant array of inex pensive or independent disks RAID 28 29 170 178 Regedit 118 regions Windows 110 Registry navigating 105 106 regulations 93 releases Android 149 See also Android reliability 81 See also per formance Remote Applications RemoteA pp setting Control Panel 120 Remote Desktop Connection RDC 124 remote network installa tions 109 Remote settings Control Panel 119 removal programs root kits 139 See also security removing batteries from laptops 64 65 CPUs 71 73 DC jacks 73 hard drives 66 67 keyboards 65 66 memory 68 mini PCle cards 69 70 monitors 70 71 motherboards 73 74 optical drives 68 69 plastics 75 speakers 75 SSDs solid state disks 66 67 touch pads 74 75 wireless cards 69 70 replacing batteries in laptops 64 65 CPUs 71 73 DC jacks 73 hard drives 66 67 hardware in laptops 64 75 keyboards 65 66 memory 68 mini PCle cards 69 70 monitors 70 71 motherboards 73 74 optical drives 68 69 plastics 75 speakers 75 SSDs 66 67 touch pads 74 75 wireless cards 69 70 replicators ports 79 requirements emulators 132 networks 133 resources virtualization 13
22. Remove any screws or hold down devices 3 Remove the old SODIMM memory modules if necessary To remove a memory module pull back the clips on both sides and swing the memory up and out 4 Insert the new memory upgrade making sure the contacts on the back side or edge of the module make a firm connection with the connector 5 Push the top of the module down until the latches lock into place see Figure 3 9 Repeat Steps 4 and 5 for each module you install Push SODIMM Push rear of module until module into slot latches lock into place Locking latches Figure 3 9 Installing an SODIMM module on a typical portable computer 6 If the memory socket uses screws to secure the memory in place install them 7 Close the cover and secure it to complete the upgrade Optical Drive If you need to upgrade to an optical drive with more capabilities or you need to replace a defective optical drive follow this basic procedure 1 After disconnecting all power sources turn the laptop over so that the bottom faces upward 2 Locate the latch that holds the drive in place or locate the mounting screw that holds the drive in place and unscrew it It might be located inside the access panel for another compo nent such as the mini PCI board or memory modules Chapter 3 Laptops 69 3 Slide open the latch or remove the mounting screw 4 Slide the drive out of the system See Figure 3 10 for a typical example To reinstall the dri
23. cal drive keyboard keyboard cover display assembly and top cover 2 If necessary turn the laptop over 3 Disconnect the num lock cable or other cables as directed 4 Remove the screws holding the speakers in place 5 Lift out the speakers To replace the speakers reverse these steps 76 CompTIA A Quick Reference Laptop Display Components One of the most important considerations in choosing a laptop is its display Use the following sec tions to review the most important features about laptop displays Display Types LCD LED OLED Plasma Most laptops use either LCD liquid crystal or LED light emitting diode displays A standard LCD display uses a fluorescent backlight and is often referred to as an LCD CCFL cold cathode fluorescent display Many recent systems use LEDs in place of CCFL components for backlighting These displays are sometimes referred to as LCD LED displays Organic LED OLED displays are common in digital cameras and mobile phones but have been used in only a few prototype laptops so far Plasma displays have not been used in laptops for many years because of their high power con sumption Other Laptop Display Components A typical LCD CCFL laptop display includes an inverter provides power to the backlight a backlight and a Wi Fi antenna Figure 3 16 shows the location of the inverter Wi Fi antennas and wires and a webcam in a typical laptop display If the inverter fails the
24. cal laptop keyboard s Fn keys Note There is no standard for Fn key assignments and available Fn keys on a given laptop depend upon the exact hardware installed In addition to Fn keys some laptops include front mounted controls for adjusting system vol ume or enabling disabling Wi Fi or Bluetooth Others include touch sensitive controls above the keyboard for enabling disabling Wi Fi adjusting audio volume or muting audio Chapter 3 Laptops 79 To connect to an external display you can also use the Display properties or Personalization prop erties sheet or in Windows 7 the Windows Mobility Center Options include the following Clone mirror Extend desktop Docking Station Versus Port Replicator A docking station expands the capability of a portable computer by adding features such as the fol lowing m One or more expansion slots Additional I O ports such as serial parallel ExpressCard or PC Card display output VGA DVI HDMI component video SPDIF digital audio or USB ports Additional drive bays Power connection for the laptop Connectors for a standard keyboard and mouse Figure 3 18 illustrates the HP QuickDock which provides additional USB ports audio ports and component video ports as well as one touch power and charging capabilities to supported HP and Compaq laptop computers It connects to the proprietary connector shown in Figure 3 1 1 Power switch 8 VGA port 2 Au
25. cluded on the 220 802 exam Chapter 6 Operating Systems is 33 of the exam Chapter 7 Security is 22 of the exam Chapter 8 Mobile Devices is 9 of the exam The final chapter Chapter 9 Troubleshooting is 36 of the exam As you prepare for the exam use this Quick Reference as an overall review of the exam topics Each objective is discussed in this text If you need more in depth information about a topic be sure to refer to your original study material This page intentionally left blank Laptops Laptops is one of nine domains in the 2012 CompTIA A exams Laptops accounts for 11 of the 220 801 exam This domain focuses on the unique features of laptop hardware Install and Configure Laptop Hardware and Components This section reviews expansion options for laptops as well as hardware and device replacement Expansion Options The major expansion options available on any kind of laptop include ExpressCard and PCMCIA PC Card CardBus slots SODIMM memory modules USB drives and flash memory devices Figure 3 1 illustrates these ports as well as a proprietary port for a docking station on a typical laptop Security Proprietary docking HDMI digital lock port station port AN port ExpressCard expansion slot VGA video port eSATA USB flash memory 2 0 combo port card reader slot Ethernet RJ 45 port Figure 3 1 Expansion security video ports on a typical laptop ExpressCard ExpressCa
26. dio minijacks 9 10 100 Ethernet port 3 USB ports 6 10 Connector to laptop 4 Component video ports for HDTV 11 Connector adapter 5 S video port 12 Power connector 6 Composite video port 13 Security lock port 7 SPDIF coaxial digital audio port Figure 3 18 The HP QuickDock docking station supports several series of HP and Compag lap top computers 80 CompTIA A Quick Reference Physical Laptop Lock and Cable Lock Laptop locks see Figure 3 19 use a combination or keyed lock and are designed to lock the lap top or other secured device to a fixed location such as a table Figure 3 19 A combination laptop security lock A Accelerated Processing Units APUs 4 Accelerometer 152 accessing 32 bit versus 64 bit CPUs 1 2 data destruction disposal methods 144 145 digital security prevention methods 136 141 drives mapping 123 Gmail 157 158 physical security prevention methods 135 RAM See RAM SFTP 49 UAC 103 104 128 workstations 141 143 access points 58 accounts Administrator 103 104 passwords 141 142 UAC 140 141 AC alternate current power sources replac ing batteries 64 65 Action Center setting Control Panel 120 active heat sinks 8 adapters cards 19 22 fiber optic cables 39 ADC analog to digital conversion 36 adding services 111 Add Remove Programs setting Control Panel 120 addresses IP assigning 49 configuring 126 MAC SOHO routers 51 TCP IP 44 47 48 Ad
27. e screen assembly Remove the antennas and wires When reassembling the screen assembly be sure to replace the wires into the guides located on either side of the display Compare and Contrast Laptop Features Laptops also use special function Fn keys to control various features might support port replica tors or docking stations and are designed to use cable locks for physical security 78 CompTIA A Quick Reference Special Function Fn Keys Typical Fn key features include the following Adjust screen brightness contrast m Connect to external display Enable disable Bluetooth Enable disable Wi Fi Enable disable backlit keyboard Turn on turn off embedded keypad Figure 3 17 shows a typical portable keyboard with the Fn key and some Fn functions highlighted F2 S F6 ey mo at Ene x A as Ge maa A ee oe Pe IE PRES PP a ee P 1 to amp yey A Backspace 1 2 3 4 5 5 Tae a6 99 o7 cz 2 Se 4 2 ee 2 2 A A A MT fo i Q Ww E R T Y U I 0 p t 4 s 6 c J N Caps Lock A s D r i H J K L 5 ix Enter 1 2 3 O b A A Zh A Jo y A 2S 2 2 2 Ae AShit z x c v B M M a p 4p Shift o mai O CN MA 2 2h AWA A 2 26 2 fe Ges A Fn ctrl Alt Att ctrl t a Ey fee E 1 owt Zz Sams Ese CC a ese ee ae boa Press and hold the Fn key and press any of these keys to perform special tasks such as adjusting screen brightness or audio volume Figure 3 17 A typi
28. ed These might include the hard drive WLAN cover optical drive keyboard key board cover display assembly and top cover Depending upon the specific unit you might need to turn over the system Remove the screws holding the fan in place Disconnect the fan s power lead from the motherboard Lift the fan out of the system Retain it for reuse Laptop heat sinks are typically one piece or two piece units that pull heat away from the chipset as well as the processor Some units incorporate the fan To remove the heat sink see Figure 3 13 follow these steps 1 2 Remove the screws holding the heat sink in place If the heat sink incorporates a fan disconnect the fan power lead from the motherboard 72 CompTIA A Quick Reference 3 Lift up on the heat sink to remove it move it from side to side if necessary to loosen the thermal material Retain it for reuse 4 If some components that use a heat sink are located on the reverse side of the motherboard turn over the motherboard and repeat steps 1 3 For example the system shown in Figure 3 13 has a separate heat sink for the graphics chipset a and the CPU b Figure 3 13 Heat sinks for the graphics chipset a and CPU b on a typical laptop computer To remove the CPU follow these steps 1 Loosen the processor locking screw Note the markings on the CPU and the socket The CPU must be aligned in the same position when installed 2 Remove the
29. emote installations 109 requirements 133 settings Windows 110 SOHO routers configuring 51 52 TCP IP 44 48 tools 59 topologies 58 troubleshooting 182 185 types 57 wired SOHO security 146 wireless 46 50 routers 51 52 security 145 146 Network Setup Wizard set ting Control Panel 120 New Technology File System See NTFS NICs network interface cards 30 properties configuring 126 TCP IP 44 NLQ near letter quality 87 NMS network manage ment system 49 nonvolatile RAM NVRAM 11 Notepad 118 NSLOOKUP command line tool 112 NTFS New Technology File System 143 files 109 permissions 128 130 NVRAM nonvolatile RAM 11 O OLED Organic LED 76 Olympus Fujifilm xD Pic ture Card 64 Open Handset Alliance 149 operating systems See OSs Operational Procedures 91 96 optical drives 24 installing 25 28 replacing 68 69 options built in overclocking 2 expansion laptops 61 64 Organic LED OLED 76 orientation modifying screens 151 152 OSs operating systems mobile devices 149 154 overview of 97 troubleshooting 185 192 Windows Administrator accounts UAC 103 104 client networking 121 126 client side virtualization 131 133 command line tools 111 113 Control Panel tools 118 121 determining compatibility 108 differences in editions 98 103 directories 104 105 features 113 118 installing 108 111 maintenance
30. equipment 92 screens 151 152 MSConfig 116 MSDSs material safety data sheets 94 MSInfo32 118 MSTSC program 118 MTBF mean time between failures 81 multiboot installations 109 multimeters 59 multimode fiber optic cables 39 multiple monitors 35 multiple operating systems 131 133 See also OSs multiprocessors 2 3 naming DNS 48 NAS network attached storage 30 59 NAT Network Address Translation 46 51 natural fibers 95 navigating Control Panel Windows 118 121 directories 104 105 Registry 105 106 near letter quality NLQ 87 NET command line tool 112 NETSTAT command line tool 112 Network Address Translation NAT 46 51 216 network attached storage NAS network attached storage NAS 30 59 Network Connections set ting Control Panel 120 network interface cards See NICs network management sys tem NMS 49 Network Map feature Windows 7 123 networks 1 cables 39 coaxial 43 fiber optic 39 40 twisted pair 40 42 clients Windows 121 126 connections mobile devic es 154 157 devices 58 59 Internet cable connections 52 53 cellular mobile hotspot connections 57 connections 52 dial up networking con nections 55 56 DSL connections 53 55 fiber optic connections 56 ISDN connections 57 line of sight connections 57 satellite connections 56 57 WiMAX connections 57 maintenance 89 90 printers 88 r
31. ers and Groups 114 utilities IPCONFIG EXE 45 UTP unshielded twisted pair cables 40 vV verifying functionality 163 versions Android 149 Apple iOS 151 IP 44 TCP IP v4 44 Windows operating systems Administrator accounts UAC 103 104 VRAM virtual RAM 223 client networking 121 126 client side virtualization 131 133 command line tools 111 113 Control Panel tools 118 121 determining compatibility 108 differences in 98 103 directories 104 105 features 113 118 installing 108 111 maintenance 127 Program Compatibility Wizard 104 Registry 105 106 security 128 130 system requirements 98 upgrading 106 107 VGA Video Graphics Adapter ports 34 video connectors 34 T O 36 troubleshooting 178 181 View Hidden Files setting Control Panel 119 viewing Android screen calibration 152 153 mobile devices modifying screen orientation 151 152 troubleshooting 178 181 virtualization 4 131 133 virtual RAM VRAM 11 viruses 137 138 Voice over IP VoIP 52 59 VPNs virtual private net works 123 124 VRAM virtual RAM 11 224 wall jacks Ww wall jacks 40 See also con necting WANs wide area net works 57 WDDM Windows Display Driver Model 98 wide area networks WANs 57 Wi Fi 62 antennas 76 77 connections 155 standards 50 Protected Setup See WPS WildBlue 56 WiMAX World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access
32. es 46 DHCP 47 Subnet Mask 47 Gateway 47 TCP and UDP Ports Protocols and Uses 48 DNS 48 DHCP 49 LDAP 49 SNMP 49 SMB 49 SSH 49 SFTP 49 TCP Versus UDP 49 Wireless Networks 50 vi CompTIA A Quick Reference Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Installing and Configuring a SOHO Router 51 Internet Connection Types and Features 52 Cable 52 DSL 53 Dial Up 55 Fiber 56 Satellite 56 ISDN 57 Cellular Mobile Hotspot 57 Line of Sight Wireless Internet Service 57 WiMAX 57 Network Types 57 Network Topologies 58 Network Devices 58 Using Networking Tools 59 Laptops 61 Install and Configure Laptop Hardware and Components 61 Expansion Options 61 Hardware Device Replacement 64 Laptop Display Components 76 Display Types LCD LED OLED Plasma 76 Other Laptop Display Components 76 Wi Fi Antenna Components 77 Compare and Contrast Laptop Features 77 Special Function Fn Keys 78 Docking Station Versus Port Replicator 79 Physical Laptop Lock and Cable Lock 80 Printers 81 Laser 81 Inkjet 84 Thermal 86 Impact Printer 86 Printer Installation and Connections 87 Network Printing 88 Printer Maintenance 89 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Contents vii Operational Procedures 91 Safety Procedures 91 Preventing Electrostatic Discharge 91 Electrical Shock Protection 92 Lifting and Moving Equipment Safely 92 Fighting Electrical Fires Safely 93 Safe Disposal of CRT Displays 93 Cable Management 93 Installation Regulations 93 Environmental Impact
33. guration 157 Mobile Device Security 158 Laptop and Tablets How They re Different 158 Mobile Device Synchronization 159 x CompTIA A Quick Reference Chapter 9 Troubleshooting 161 The CompTIA Six Step Troubleshooting Process 161 Gather Data from the Customer 161 Establish a Theory of Probable Cause Eliminate the Obvious 162 Establish a Plan of Action and Implement the Solution 163 Verify Functionality and Implement Preventive Measures 163 Document Your Findings Actions Outcomes 163 Troubleshooting Motherboards RAM CPU and Power 164 Troubleshooting Hard Drives and RAID Arrays 170 Troubleshooting Video and Display Issues 178 Troubleshooting Wired and Wireless Networks 182 Troubleshooting Operating Systems 185 Troubleshooting Security Issues 192 Dealing with Malware 196 Troubleshooting Laptop Issues 196 Best Practices for Laptop Disassembly 200 Troubleshooting Printers 200 Index 207 About the Author Mark Edward Soper has been working with PCs since the days of the IBM PC XT and AT as a salesperson technology advisor consultant experimenter and technology writer and content creator Since 1992 he has taught thousands of students across the country how to repair man age and troubleshoot the hardware software operating systems and firmware inside their PCs He has created many versions of his experimental computer known as FrankenPC for this and previous books Mark earned his CompTIA A Certification in 1999 and
34. has written four other A Certification books covering previous and current versions of the A Certification exams for Pearson imprints Mark has contributed to many editions of Upgrading and Repairing PCs working on the 11th through 18th and 20th editions co authored Upgrading and Repairing Networks Fifth Edition and has written two books about digital photography Easy Digital Cameras and The Shot Doctor The Amateur s Guide to Taking Great Digital Photos In addition Mark has contributed to Que s Special Edition Using series on Windows Me Windows XP and Windows Vista and to Que s Windows 7 In Depth He has also contributed to Easy Windows Vista and has written two books about Windows Vista Maximum PC Microsoft Windows Vista Exposed and Unleashing Microsoft Windows Vista Media Center Mark has also written two books about Windows 7 Easy Microsoft Windows 7 and Sams Teach Yourself Microsoft Windows 7 in 10 Minutes Mark has also created a number of hardware tutorial videos available from the OnGadgets amp Hardware podcast channel at www quepublishing com Mark has also written many blog entries and articles for MaximumPC com and Maximum PC magazine He has taught A Certification and other technology related subjects at Ivy Tech Community College in Evansville Indiana Dedication In memory of Mark Reddin 1969 2012 Thanks very much for your work and your life Acknowledgments First of all I thank God for the opportunity to
35. he battery remove other components as directed These might include the hard drive WLAN cover optical drive keyboard key board cover display assembly hinges and top cover 2 Unclip the DC jack from the case 3 Unclip the power cable leading from the DC jack from the case 4 If the power cable connector is not accessible remove other components as needed to access it such as the system board or ExpressCard assembly 5 If necessary turn over the system board to access the power connector see Figure 3 15 6 Disconnect the power cable connector from the system board 7 Remove the old system board 74 CompTIA A Quick Reference Power cable Heat sink RAM sockets Figure 3 15 The underside of a typical laptop motherboard Figure 3 12 shows a portion of the top of the same motherboard For reassembly reverse the preceding steps Before reassembling the computer swap any components on the old system board to the new one These might include the following CPU and heat sink Be sure to remove old thermal material and use new thermal material as needed Fans RTC CMOS battery ExpressCard or PC Card assembly Mini PCI or mini PCle module Other components such as memory are reinstalled after the system is reassembled Touch Pad If you need to replace the touch pad you need to partially disassemble the portable computer 1 Check service documents to determine whether the touch pad is a
36. ight be mounted to the cover see Figure 3 7a On other systems the drive is mounted to the chassis see Figure 3 7b If the drive is fastened to the chassis as in Figure 3 7b remove the screws holding the drive to the chassis Slide the drive away from the retaining screw holes and lift it out of the chassis Remove the screws fastening the drive to the drive cover or frame see Figure 3 8 Remove the drive from the drive cover or frame Insert the new hard disk into the drive cover or frame Reverse these steps to install the new hard disk Older systems use a 44 pin portable version of the PATA interface newer systems use the SATA interface Chapter 3 Laptops 67 Figure 3 7 A laptop hard disk that fastens to the cover a compared to one that fastens to a separate frame inside the chassis b Mounting screws Figure 3 8 Removing the hard disk mounting screws from the cover a or the frame b After the system is restarted enter the BIOS setup program to verify that the new hard disk has been properly recognized by the system 68 CompTIA A Quick Reference Memory Because most laptops have only two SODIMM memory sockets it is often necessary to remove one or both memory modules before upgrading to a larger amount of RAM Here s how to remove and replace SODIMMs 1 After disconnecting all power sources remove the cover over the memory upgrade socket on the bottom of the system 2
37. ing and Repairing PCs provided the launching pad for my career in technology About the Technical Editor Chris Crayton is an author technical editor technical consultant and trainer Formerly he worked as a computer and networking instructor at Keiser University as network administrator for Protocol a global electronic customer relationship management eCRM company and at Eastman Kodak headquarters as a computer and network specialist Chris has authored several print and online books on PC Repair CompTIA A CompTIA Security and Microsoft Windows Chris has also served as technical editor and contributor on numerous technical titles for many of the leading publishing companies He holds MCSE A and Network certifications We Want to Hear from You As the reader of this book you are our most important critic and commentator We value your opinion and want to know what we re doing right what we could do better what areas you d like to see us publish in and any other words of wisdom you re willing to pass our way As an associate publisher for Pearson IT Certification I welcome your comments You can email or write me directly to let me know what you did or didn t like about this book as well as what we can do to make our books better Please note that I cannot help you with technical problems related to the topic of this book We do have a User Services group however where I will forward specific technical questions
38. inspection 138 static IP addresses 44 47 ST fiber optic cable con nectors 39 systems 221 storage devices 23 installing drives 25 28 magnetic drives 24 media cards 29 optical drives 24 25 RAID 28 29 SSDs 24 STP shielded twisted pair cables 40 streaming real time ser vices 52 subnet masks 44 47 subnetworking 47 subpixels 34 subwoofers 35 swap files 11 switches 49 58 synchronizing mobile devic es 159 160 synchronous dynamic RAM SDRAM 9 System Configuration 114 System protection setting Control Panel 119 systems See also hardware adapter cards 19 22 BIOS 11 15 configurations 36 37 cooling methods 30 files Windows 109 110 integrated ports 22 T O devices 35 36 managing 118 memory 9 11 monitors 33 35 motherboards 15 expansion cards slots 17 19 form factors 16 17 replacing 73 74 222 tablets power supplies 31 32 requirements Windows 98 storage devices 23 29 T tablets comparing to lap tops 158 tabs MSConfig 116 Task Manager 116 tailgating preventing 135 TASKKILL command line tool 112 TASKLIST command line tool 112 Task Manager 116 117 Task Scheduler 114 TCP Transmission Control Protocol 48 49 TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol 44 48 temperature 94 testing cables 59 POST 9 164 theory of probable cause 162 thermal nozzles inkjet printers 84 printers 86 third par
39. l high capacity See SDHC cards Secure FTP SFTP 49 Secure Shell SSH 49 security documents 136 malware troubleshooting 196 mobile devices 157 portals 135 prevention data destruction disposal 144 145 digital security 136 141 physical security 135 workstation best prac tices 141 143 requirements 132 133 SOHO 145 146 troubleshooting 192 196 Windows 128 130 Windows Firewall 125 126 Security setting Control Panel 119 Serial ATA See SATA drives serial printer connections 88 serial RS 232 ports 35 Server Message Blocks SMBs 49 servers DHCP 47 DNS 46 48 multiprocessors 2 3 service packs operating systems 97 services 111 114 service set identifiers SSIDs 51 settings See also configur ing BIOS clock rates 2 CMOS 12 15 Control Panel 119 120 DHCP 49 DNS 48 email mobile devices 157 158 Home Office Work and Public 125 networks proxy 124 Windows 110 122 TCP IP 46 47 Windows Firewall 125 126 security 128 130 SFC command line tool 113 SFTP Secure FTP 49 sharing permissions 130 143 printers 88 Sharing setting Control Panel 119 shielded twisted pair STP cables 40 shocks 93 shoulder surfing 139 shredding documents 136 See also security SHUTDOWN command line tool 112 signatures comparing files 137 SIMMs single inline mem ory modules 9 Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP 49
40. ministrator accounts 103 104 Advanced Host Controller Interface AHCI 25 Advanced Options dialog box 83 Advanced setting Control Panel 119 AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface 25 air management 94 AMD processors 6 See also processors AMRs Audio Modem Risers 22 analog to digital conversion ADC 36 analysis heuristics 137 Android See also OSs operating systems markets 151 screens calibrating 152 153 synchronizing 159 antennas Wi Fi 76 77 antimalware 163 See also malicious software antispyware 139 antistatic cleaning wipes 95 antivirus See AV APIPA Automatic Private IP Addressing 45 46 Apple 150 152 160 appliances Internet 59 applications antispyware 139 AV 137 firewalls 137 138 HTCSync Software 159 malware troubleshooting 196 mobile devices downloading to 151 operating systems 97 APUs Accelerated Processing Units 4 arrays troubleshooting 170 178 assigning IP addresses 49 208 ATX motherboards form factors ATX motherboards form factors 16 17 Audio Modem Risers AMRs 22 AUI vampire tap connec tions 43 authentication Windows 130 Automatic Private IP Addressing APIPA 46 AutoPlay disabling 143 Auto Rotate Screen com mand 152 Autorun 143 AV antivirus 137 backlighting LED 34 badges RFID 135 Ball Grid Array BGA 4 ball mice 35 barcode readers 36 Basic Input Output System See BIOS batteries replacing in lap
41. ntrol Panel 119 120 DHCP 49 DNS 48 email mobile devices 157 158 firewalls 48 IP addresses 126 laptop hardware expansion options 61 64 replacing devices 64 75 networks Windows 110 NIC properties 126 operating systems Windows 108 111 overclocking 2 SOHO routers 51 52 systems 36 37 TCP IP 46 47 connecting See also ports adapter cards integrated ports 19 22 Bluetooth 155 156 Internet 52 57 monitors 34 motherboards 15 19 networks 39 123 124 coaxial 43 fiber optic 39 40 mobile devices 154 157 twisted pair 40 42 printers 87 88 RDC 124 SOHO routers configuring 51 52 Wi Fi 155 wireless networks 46 Connections setting Control Panel 119 Continuity RIMM CRIMM 10 Control Panel Windows 118 121 controls UAC 103 104 128 140 141 cooling methods 8 30 COPY command line tool 112 cores CPUs 2 4 corrupted data trouble shooting 11 CPP cost per page 81 CPS characters per sec ond 81 210 CPUs central processing units CPUs central processing units 32 bit versus 64 bit 1 2 caches 3 clock rates 2 cooling methods 8 cores 2 3 graphics 4 hyperthreading 4 replacing 71 73 sockets 4 8 troubleshooting 164 170 virtualization 4 CRIMM Continuity RIMM 10 crimpers 59 CRTs cathode ray tubes 33 34 93 CS cable select 26 customizing privileges 143 system configurations 36 37 DAC digital to audio con ve
42. ops 65 HE onae xp py ttm WM ny Mt Hi GUT WZ 1 Releasing the battery catch 2 Rotating the battery up and out of the battery compartment Figure 3 5 Removing a battery from a typical laptop computer Keyboard Replacement Follow these steps to replace the keyboard 1 2 eS Oo FPF O Position the laptop so the bottom of the unit is facing upwards Remove the screws that hold the keyboard in place Turn over the laptop Open the screen so the keyboard is visible If necessary remove the bezel that holds the keyboard in place Lift up the keyboard to expose the keyboard cable Remove any hold down devices used to hold the keyboard cable in place Disconnect the keyboard cable from the system board Figure 3 6 Remove the keyboard To install the replacement reverse these steps 66 CompTIA A Quick Reference Carefully pull keyboard cable loose Keyboard cable Figure 3 6 Removing the keyboard cable Hard Drive or SSD Follow this procedure to remove and replace a 2 5 inch hard disk or solid state disk SSD acces sible from the bottom of the laptop 3 5 inch hard disks are used by desktop computers 1 After disconnecting power sources turn over the laptop so that the bottom of the laptop faces upward Loosen or remove the screw or screws used to hold the drive cover in place Slide the cover away from the retaining lug or clips and remove it On some systems the drive m
43. pically have two SODIMM slots and recent laptops include DDR2 or DDR3 DIMMS see Figure 3 3 Chapter 3 Laptops 63 N MAON LUMU 0 iM 8 qa boa inna PC2 640e8 G66 13 22 PRODUCT OF MALAYSIA R 170X3 hynix 2GB 1Rx8 PC3 106008 9 10 B1 KOREA 09 HMT325S6BFR8C H9 NO AA L i A Figure 3 3 A DDR2 SODIMM top compared to a DDR3 SODIMM bottom USB Drives USB flash memory drives connect without difficulty to virtually any laptop s USB 2 0 or USB 3 0 ports However some portable USB hard disks might require more power than a laptop s USB 2 0 or USB 3 0 port can provide Use a Y cable to draw power from a second port as needed see Figure 3 4 USB Type A connector for power USB 3 0 Mini B device connector USB 3 0 Typa A connector for data Figure 3 4 A USB 3 0 y cable that provides extra power for a USB 3 0 portable hard disk 64 CompTIA A Quick Reference Flash Memory Modules Typical laptops include a flash memory card reader for SD Secure Digital and SDHC SD High Capacity cards Most also support Sony Memory Stick Pro and Olympus Fujifilm xD Picture Card Refer back to Figure 3 1 for a typical example Hardware Device Replacement As a computer technician you might be called on to replace a number of components in a laptop Some such as memory hard disks and optical drives require little disassembly whereas others such as the keyboard CPU and LCD display might require more extensi
44. rd a k a Express Card is the principle high speed expansion slot on most late model lap tops It connects via the PCIe PCI Express bus ExpressCard 34 and 54 are used for adding high speed ports and devices FireWire USB 3 0 eSATA Gigabit Ethernet TV tuners ExpressCard is up to 2 5x faster than CardBus PCMCIA Card PCMCIA cards fall into two categories PC Card 16 bit and CardBus 32 bit These cards are the expansion buses used on older laptops Laptops with CardBus slots can also accept PC Cards These 62 CompTIA A Quick Reference cards were used to add USB and FireWire ports Wi Fi wireless networking Fast Ethernet net working and dial up analog modems Many PC Card and CardBus Type II cards used dongles proprietary removable cable adapters to connect to standard telephone network or other types of cables The most common thickness for PCMCIA cards is Type II Thinner Type I cards were used pri marily for additional RAM and thicker Type III was used mainly for hard disks Figure 3 2 compares ExpressCards and CardBus cards to each other A PC Card looks like a CardBus card but doesn t have a gold connector lt 85 6mm gt OO oO Oe o s oe 34mm ExpressCardl34 gt Figure 3 2 Visual comparison of CardBus ExpressCard 54 and ExpressCard 34 cards SODIMM Memory Modules Small outline DIMMs SODIMM s are used to expand memory in laptops Laptops ty
45. rdomain rout ing CIDR 44 clean installations 108 clients Windows 121 126 client side virtualization Windows 131 133 clock rates CPUs 2 CMD program 118 CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconduc tor 11 15 94 CNRs Communications Network Risers 22 coaxial cables 39 43 color laser printers 83 See also laser printers command line tools Windows 111 113 utilities IPCONFIG EXE 45 command name com mand line tool 113 commands Auto Rotate Screen 152 Format 144 communication 1 95 96 Communications Network Risers CNRs 22 compact discs See CDs comparing file signatures 137 mobile devices 158 compatibility operating systems 108 Program Compatibility Wizard 104 complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS 11 components batteries replacing 64 65 CPUs replacing 71 73 DC jacks replacing 73 graphics 4 handling protection 94 95 hard drives replacing 66 67 keyboards replacing 65 66 laptop display 76 77 CPS characters per second 209 memory replacing 68 mini PCle cards replacing 69 70 monitors replacing 70 71 motherboards replacing 73 74 optical drives replacing 68 69 plastics replacing 75 speakers replacing 75 SSDs replacing 66 67 touch pads replacing 74 75 Wi Fi antennas 77 wireless cards replacing 69 70 Component Services 114 Computer Management 113 115 computers 49 See also CPUs configuring Co
46. re is no power to run the backlight Inverter failure is the most common cause of LCD display failure However inverter replacement is relatively inexpensive and invert ers can be purchased for do it yourself DIY replacement A CCFL backlight failure is much less common than an inverter failure If the CCFL backlight fails a complete disassembly of the display down to individual component level is required or the display assembly should be replaced When servicing the inverter on a typical laptop follow this general procedure 1 After removing power from the system including the battery follow the procedure to remove the screen assembly 2 Follow the procedure to remove the display panel from the screen assembly 3 Disconnect the wires from the inverter 4 Remove any screws or clips used to secure the inverter 5 Remove the inverter To replace the inverter reverse this process Chapter 3 Laptops 77 Webcam Microphone Inverter Figure 3 16 Wi Fi antennas wires CCFL inverter and webcam in a typical LCD CCFL display Wi Fi Antenna Components When servicing the antennas on a typical laptop follow this general procedure 1 After removing power from the system including the battery turn over the unit and open the cover over the Wi Fi radio card Disconnect the wires from the Wi Fi radio card Follow the procedure to remove the screen assembly Follow the procedure to remove the display panel from th
47. related to the book When you write please be sure to include this book s title and author as well as your name email address and phone number I will carefully review your comments and share them with the author and editors who worked on the book Email feedback quepublishing com Mail Dave Dusthimer Associate Publisher Pearson Education 800 East 96th Street Indianapolis IN 46240 USA Reader Services Visit our website and register this book at www pearsonitcertification com title 9780789749758 for convenient access to any updates downloads or errata that might be available for this book Introduction This quick reference is a late stage exam prep resource designed for use as a review shortly before your scheduled CompTIA A exams It is not intended to be a comprehensive curriculum If you are using this resource you should have already learned the material through a class or formal study method This CompTIA A Quick Reference provides brief straightforward explana tions on major topics of the two CompTIA A exams the 220 801 exam and the 220 802 exam Chapters 1 through 5 cover the five domains included on the 220 801 exam Chapter 1 Hardware is 40 of the exam Chapter 2 Networking is 27 of the exam Chapter 3 Laptops is 11 of the exam Chapter 4 Printers is 11 of the exam Chapter 5 Operational Procedures is 11 of the exam Chapters 6 through 9 cover the four domains in
48. rsion 35 daisy chains SCSI 28 data destruction disposal 144 145 Data Sources ODBC 114 dates Windows 110 daughter boards 22 DC jacks replacing 73 degaussing 145 demilitarized zones DMZs 52 deploying images installing Windows 109 Desktop Applications set ting Control Panel 120 desktop keyboards 35 detecting viruses 137 Device Manager 113 devices See also hardware fiber optic See fiber optics cables hardware replacing 64 75 T O 35 36 mobile comparing 158 downloading applica tions 151 GPS 153 network connectivity 154 157 operating systems 149 154 resetting 153 security 157 synchronizing 159 160 monitoring 49 networks 58 59 printers impact 86 87 inkjet 84 85 installing 87 88 laser 81 83 maintenance 89 90 networks 88 thermal 86 types of 81 storage 23 29 WiMAX 57 Devices and Printers setting Control Panel 120 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 44 51 dialog boxes Advanced Options 83 Screen Saver 142 dial up networking DUN 55 56 123 124 digital access prevention methods 136 140 digital cameras See video digital light processing DLP 34 digital security prevention methods 136 140 digital subscriber line DSL 47 53 55 digital to audio conversion DAC 35 DirecPC 56 directories LDAP 49 navigating 104 105 DirecWAY 56 disabling AutoPlay 143 network connectivity on mobile devices 15
49. s and Environmental Controls 94 MSDS 94 Temperature Humidity and Air Management 94 Component Handling and Protection 94 Communication and Professionalism 95 Dealing with Prohibited Content Activity 96 First Response 96 Documentation 96 Chain of Custody 96 Operating Systems 97 OS Concepts 97 Windows XP Windows Vista and Windows 7 Features and Requirements 98 Minimum System Requirements 98 Differences in Windows Editions 98 UAC and the Administrator Account 103 Windows Compatibility Mode 104 Directory Structures 104 Registry 105 Upgrade Options 106 Determining Compatibility 108 Windows Installation and Configuration Options 108 Boot Methods to Use for Installation 108 Installation Types 108 Partitioning the Drive for Windows 109 File Systems 109 Third Party Disk Drivers 110 viii CompTIA A Quick Reference Network Settings 110 Time Date Region Language Settings 110 Installing Other Windows Drivers and Updating Windows 110 Factory Recovery Partition 110 OS Repair and Adding Services 111 Command Line Tools 111 Operating System Features and Tools 113 Control Panel Utilities 118 Common Control Panel Settings 119 Control Panel Options Unique to Windows XP and Vista 120 Control Panel Options Unique to Windows 7 120 Windows Client Networking 121 Windows Network Types 121 Joining a Network 123 Mapping Drives 123 Connecting to a Network 123 Proxy Settings 124 Remote Desktop Connection 124 Home Work and Public Net
50. shooting Index iv CompTIA A Quick Reference Table of Contents Introduction xv Chapter 1 Hardware 1 CPUs 1 32 Bit Versus 64 Bit CPUs 1 Clock Rate 2 Cores and Cache 2 Hyperthreading 4 Virtualization Support 4 Integrated Graphics GPU 4 CPU Interfaces and Socket Types 4 CPU Cooling Methods 8 System Memory 9 Dual Channel and Triple Channel Memory 9 Other Types of RAM 10 VRAM and Virtual RAM 11 Parity and ECC 11 BIOS 11 Motherboards 15 Form Factors 16 Expansion Cards and Slots 17 Adapter Cards and Integrated Ports 19 Integrated Ports 22 Daughter Boards and Riser Boards 22 Storage Devices 23 Magnetic and Solid State Drives 24 Optical Drives CD DVD RW Blu ray 24 Installing SATA PATA and SCSI Drives 25 RAID 28 Media Cards 29 Other Storage Devices 30 Cooling 30 Power Supplies 31 Contents v Chapter 2 Monitors and Display Resolutions 33 CRTs 33 LCDs 34 Other Display Devices 34 Display Connectors 34 Multiple Displays 35 T O Devices 35 Mice and Keyboards 35 Speakers and Microphones 35 Video Input Devices 36 Other I O Devices 36 Custom System Configurations 36 Networking 39 Network Cables and Connectors and Their Characteristics 39 Fiber Optic Cables and Connectors 39 Ethernet Twisted Pair Cabling and Connectors 40 Coaxial Network Cables and Connectors 43 TCP IP Addressing 44 TCP IP v4 Class A B and C Addresses 44 IPv4 Versus IPv6 44 Public Private and APIPA IP Addresses 45 Static and Dynamic IP Address
51. t compared to a typical Mini PCle card right Image source Wikimedia Commons To reinstall the card or replace it with a different card reverse these steps Screen The LCD display is the single most expensive component and also one of the easiest to break Here s how to remove it 1 After removing power from the system if the system has an integrated Wi Fi wireless Ethernet adapter disconnect the antenna leads attached to the adapter usually a mini PCIe or mini PCI card 2 Remove the keyboard frame and keyboard 3 Disconnect the FPC cable display cable from the system board this cable transmits power and data to the LCD display assembly see Figure 3 12 4 Ifthe system has integrated Wi Fi remove the antenna leads from the clips in the top cover 5 Rotate the display assembly to a 90 degree angle to the base unit 6 Remove the screws that secure the display assembly 7 Pull the display assembly free from the base unit To replace the display reverse the preceding steps Chapter 3 Laptops 71 Wi Fi antenna leads Power to display Figure 3 12 Wi Fi and laptop display power cables must be disconnected during the screen removal process CPU The CPU cannot be replaced without removing the fan and heat sink module If the fan is separate from the heat sink follow this procedure 1 go FPF Q After removing power from the system including the battery remove other components as direct
52. ty managing air 94 cables 93 operating systems overview of 97 Windows 98 108 See also Windows SNMP 49 systems 118 MANS metropolitan area networks 57 mantraps 135 mapping drives 30 123 GPS 153 material safety data sheets MSDSs 94 MBRs master boot records 139 MD MKDIR command line tool 112 mean time between failures MTBF 81 media storage 23 29 memory 32 bit versus 64 bit CPUs 1 2 caches 3 clock rates 2 dual channel triple channel 9 10 flash See flash memory parity 11 printers 83 replacing 68 troubleshooting 164 170 VRAM 11 mesh networks 58 metropolitan area networks MANS 57 mice 35 microphones 35 36 Network Address Translation NAT 215 mini PCle cards replacing 69 70 MMC Microsoft Management Control pro gram 118 mobile devices applications downloading 151 comparing 158 email configuration 157 158 GPS 153 network connectivity 154 157 operating systems 149 154 resetting 153 security 157 synchronizing 159 160 mobile hotspot connections 57 models WDDM 98 modems 47 59 modes 152 modifying passwords 139 resolution 119 screen orientation 151 152 monitoring 33 35 devices 49 replacing 70 71 monochrome laser printers 82 See also laser printers motherboards 1 15 expansion cards slots 17 19 form factors 16 17 multiprocessors 2 3 replacing 73 74 troubleshooting 164 170 moving
53. ty disk drivers 110 threats prevention methods data destruction disposal 144 145 digital security 136 141 physical security 135 workstation best practices 141 143 time Windows 110 Tip Sleeve Ring TSR 35 toner 59 83 See also printers tools command line Windows 111 113 Control Panel 118 121 G Sensor calibration 152 153 IPCONFIG EXE 45 networks 59 operating systems Windows 113 118 topologies bus 43 58 networks 58 touch pads replacing 74 75 screens 36 TRACERT command line tool 112 Transmission Control Protocol See TCP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol See TCP IP triggers ports 51 triple channel memory 9 10 Trojan horses 138 troubleshooting arrays 170 178 cooling methods 8 corrupted data 11 CPUs 164 170 displays 178 181 ECC 11 hard drives 170 178 inkjet printers 84 laptops 196 200 laser printers 83 memory 164 170 motherboards 164 170 operating systems 97 111 185 192 power supplies 164 170 printers 200 206 processes 161 163 RAID 170 178 RAM 164 170 security 192 196 Unified Troubleshooting Folder setting Control Panel 120 video 178 181 Windows 127 130 TSR Tip Sleeve Ring 35 twisted pair cables 39 42 Type II PCMCIA cards 62 types of cables 39 of coaxial cable 43 of IP addresses 45 46 of laptop displays 76 of memory 9 of networks 57 121 123 of operating systems 149 154
54. ve reverse the preceding steps Mini PCI and memory module compartment JME LN IMAA IUE LTA Optical drive being Hole for drive retaining bolt removed from system Figure 3 10 Removing an optical drive from a typical laptop Wireless Card or Mini PCle Most wireless cards use the mini PCI or newer mini PCIe form factor shown in Figure 3 11 If the card is damaged or needs to be upgraded follow this procedure To remove a mini PCI or mini PCle card follow this basic procedure 1 Verify the location of the card Some laptops have the card under the keyboard others have the card located under a removable cover on the bottom of the computer 2 After disconnecting all power sources place the computer appropriately for access to the card 3a If the card is located under the keyboard remove the keyboard bezel and remove the key board 3b If the card is located under an access panel remove the screws holding the access panel in place 4 Disconnect any wires connected to the adapter They might be screwed into place or snapped into place Note their position 5 Push the card out of the connector and remove it from the system 70 CompTIA A Quick Reference Mini PCl Mini PCle AKA P 12 246 2002 2 El C EC NO J40593 FRU P N 91P74i Year Month 311 ST TTT inti NLT ee a Made in Taiwan 11891P7407Z1 EEEE p m RII papp p PN AR A E E HE Figure 3 11 A typical mini PCI Type III modem lef
55. ve disassembly processes The following sections provide general guidance For details consult the service manual for the particular laptop you need to repair Battery Removal and Replacement Remove the battery and AC power source before performing any other component replacements as follows 1 Turn off the computer 2 Disconnect the AC adapter or line cord from the computer 3 Open the battery compartment in the unit it might be secured by a sliding lock or by screws 4 If the battery is under a removable cover remove the battery compartment cover 5 Open the lock that holds the battery in place 6 Slide out or lift out the battery see Figure 3 5 If the battery is a flat assembly it might be held in place by a clip push the clip to one side to release the battery 7 Examine the battery contacts inside the computer for dirt or corrosion and clean dirty con tacts with a soft cloth To replace the battery follow these steps 1 Examine the battery contacts inside the computer for dirt or corrosion and clean dirty con tacts with a soft cloth 2 Examine the battery s own contacts for dirt or corrosion and clean dirty contacts with a soft cloth 3 Line up the guides on the side of the battery with the corresponding holes in the battery compartment and swing the battery into place 4 If the battery is under a removable cover replace the cover 5 Reconnect the AC adapter or line cord Chapter 3 Lapt
56. work Settings 125 Firewall Settings 125 Configuring IP Addresses in Windows 126 Configuring Network Card Properties in Windows 126 Preventive Maintenance of Windows Installations 127 Operating System Security Settings 128 Users and Groups 128 NTFS Permissions 128 Share Permissions 130 System Files and Folders 130 User Authentication 130 Client Side Virtualization 131 Virtualization Resource Requirements 131 Emulator Requirements and Features 132 Security Requirements 132 Network Requirements 133 Understanding Hypervisors 133 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Contents ix Security 135 Common Prevention Methods 135 Physical Security 135 Digital Security 136 Security Best Practices for Workstation Security 141 Passwords 141 User Permissions and Guest Accounts 143 Disabling AutoPlay 143 Data Destruction and Disposal Methods 144 Formatting and Drive Overwriting 144 Drive Wiping 144 Physical Disk Destruction 145 Securing a SOHO Wireless Network 145 Securing a SOHO Wired Network 146 Mobile Devices 149 Mobile Operating Systems 149 Android Open Source 149 Apple iOS Closed Source 150 Getting Applications for Your Device 151 Adjusting the Screen Orientation 151 Apple Accelerometer and Gyroscope 152 Android Screen Calibration 152 Resetting the Device 153 GPS and Geotracking 153 Mobile Network Connectivity and Email Configuration 154 Enable Disable Connectivity 154 Wi Fi Connections 155 Bluetooth Connections 155 Email Confi
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