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MICHELIN X One Truck Tire Service Manual

1. 50 CARE CLEANING AND 51 Diesel Fuel Contamination Cleaning and Protection SELENITE SR 52 VALVE STEM 52 Retread and Repair Recommendations 53 56 MICHELIN X ONE RETREAD AND REPAIR 54 55 Initial Inspection Shearography Buffing Tread Building Enveloping Curing Final Inspection REPAIR 56 RETREAD 56 Operation and Handling 57 68 OPERATION AND 58 63 Over steer Under steer Hydroplaning Rollover Threshold Jack knife Traction Chains Stopping Distances Limping Home State and Local Regulations HEST STUDS E 64 67 Brake Heat Overview Brake Heat Evaluation MICHELIN X One Tires vs Duals acaso a 69 74 ISO LOAD INDEX AND SPEED 70 659 71 72 SPECIAL TOOLS MOUNTING TOOLS 73 74 Tale ce 75 76 SELECTING 2 3
2. Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 9 SPECIAL PROVISION FOR STEER AXLE USE ON 13 00 x 22 5 WHEELS 455 55R22 5 load range M may be fitted with 13 00 x 22 5 wheels for first life use on the steer axles The reduced loads shown in the following table must be observed Technical specifications for MICHELIN 455 55R22 5 LRM with 13 00 x 22 5 wheels steer axle first life only Dimension Load Loaded Radius RPM Max Load Single Range i n mm Ibs psi kg kPa Dimension Load psi 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 Range kPa 5 720 760 790 830 20 550 590 620 660 690 455 55R22 5 LRM 17980 18660 19340 20000 To determine the proper load inflation table always refer to the markings on the tire sidewall for maximum load at cold pressure Contact your MICHELIN dealer for tires with maximum loads and pressures other than indicated here Load and inflation industry standards are in a constant state of change Michelin continually updates its product information to reflect these changes Therefore printed material may not reflect the current load and inflation information NOTE Never exceed the wheel manufacturer s maximum air pressure limitation In order to be under Federal maximum width of 102 an inset wheel must be used A 4 32 inset will net 101 5 overall width on some refuse vehicles There are currently steel wheels available from Accuride and Hayes Lemmerz Caution Ensure the wheel does not interfere with v
3. Inside Cover 4 10 12 19 21 23 33 36 38 44 48 50 61 63 65 71 72 Axle PIOUS MGs 6 6 04 cee season snes 12 14 Axle Identification 12 14 PENG SRI oes s teense Carb esa RESALES Saas qs 13 AXI Laos de oe EE DOSES US PEDE RR FEE 47 Axle Drive 4 12 13 15 16 18 22 45 47 63 71 10 44 Axle 4 12 15 19 46 48 Axle Weight RANNE AnA 4 14 B Balance sakia sirri ees 30 47 49 sees iin 4 24 29 30 32 34 35 43 54 56 64 66 71 73 Bead Breaking TOOL os srcuro ds dod ad qub de 27 49 Bead sessilis d d 34 35 43 55 65 73 Bead Keepers i patus unii 25 74 Dead INC DH cocos dr Eerbta trem bua ceu cdd e 56 CAMS es PORE Und ES 14 16 18 Dedgub BIB CG wa E Cid aut 26 DIOCESE os utu meus neues 88g d 45 Brake Inside Cover 5 7 8 12 13 19 46 62 67 Brake Skid Wed dre DER EERENS uw d Ut 46 Brake Heale ote diede sw nd wma SE du dui du See 64 67 Pc T 54 56 CENET SG ea SS 45 Central Tire Inflation
4. b m 87 12800 125 NJ 87 128009 125 7 NJ 87 128009 125 87 128009125 7 87 128009 125 eo NJ eo 88 12800 130 eo NJ eo 88 12800 130 UJ NJ NJ e 1 38 1280009 120 UJ o 2 0 1 49 110009125 128009125 128009 125 128009 125 128009 125 56 0 56 128009130 n n n A A A A O O O O 51515 Q L OL r r r N r e e 7 eo O o Ul 0 56 12800 130 UJ NJ 0 63 128000120 1230009120 gt gt n n n C A A A O O O O o o o 841611 Polished Outside 71 T TS 128009125 841611DB Polished Outside Dura Bright 7 1 13 128009 125 1 13 1280009125 841619 Machine Finished 841619DB Machine Finished Dura Bright NOTE The table provided is for reference only Wheel specific questions should be directed to the wheel manufacturer 0 Outset Aluminum Wheels Alcoa uses the mounting face as the reference Accuride uses the center line as the reference This means that an Accuride 0 outset wheel is listed as 0 56 outset wheel Alcoa at www alcoawheels com Dura Bright is a registered trademark of Alcoa Accuride at www accuridecorp com Hayes Lemmerz at www hayes lemmerz com 7 UJ 128009125 gt CY A A A
5. ArvinMeritor DRIVE AXLE IDENTIFICATION AXLE IDENTIFICATION TAG INFORMATION Model No Customer No Serial _ Identification Tag Location of the identification tag or stamp number for the axles Location is determined from the left driver side looking toward the front of the vehicle Axle Housing Identification Tag A Front engine drive Right rear next to cover B Rear engine drive Left or right rear next to drive unit Axle Carrier Identification Tag Identification Tag ArvinMeritor TRAILER AXLE IDENTIFICATION Beam Type Beam Capacity T Tubular Ibs kg N 22 500 10 206 P 22 500 25 000 30 000 10 206 1 1 340 13 608 Q 25 000 30 000 11 340 13 608 R 22 500 25 000 10 206 11 340 TN 4670 Q 2020 4670 2020 SERIAL NO KNA 38050685 Modification Brake Width MERITOR DATE 27693 1 Single Wheel 1 10 25 cm KENTON OHIO 43326 2 Intermodal 6 6 15 cm 3 Bolted on Brakes 7 7 or 7 5 18 19 4 Manual Bearing Adjustment 9 8 20 cm 6 Positive Bearing Adjustment 0 No Brakes 8 0 625 Nominal Wall Axle NOTE The graphic provided is for reference only Axle specific questions should be directed to the axle manufacturer 12 rruck Technical Specifications DANA DRIVE AXLE IDENTIFICATION Parts Identification Axle Housing 1 Axle Housing Axle Shaft 2 Axle Shaft Part Number S 26 170D Options D Dual Drive For
6. If a truck needs to carry 16 000 pounds an axle in a state with a 500 pound per inch width limit 16000 500 32 you would need a wide single tire that is at least 16 inches wide 32 2 In this case a 445 50R22 5 could legally carry the load 445 mm 25 4 mm per inch 17 5 inches Metric to English conversion The two formulas are Load Per Inch Width Law x Tire Section Width x Number of Tires Gross Axle Weight Limit Gross Axle Weight Inch Width Law Number Of Tires Minimum Tire Section Width Needed State laws and regulations frequently can and do change so it is recommended that you consult your local State or Province DOT and where you will be traveling to be sure there are no restrictions on the use of the MICHELIN X One tire for your particular operation equipment and weight Operation and Handling 63 BRAKE HEAT OVERVIEW Truck brake often reach very high temperatures Brake drums can reach temperatures of 600 F or more and are in very close proximity to the wheels This heat can be easily transferred to the wheels and tires Brake drum heat is transferred to the wheel primarily through radiation and convection The hot brake drum radiates heat in all directions to the wheel In addition the drum heats the air between the drum and the wheel The heated air rises and transfers additional heat energy to the wheel through convection Much of the heat is transferred to the wheel in the bead mounting area due to it
7. ote ee 56 IOs ii 2 4 5 9 10 14 18 20 23 26 36 38 40 41 44 59 61 63 66 70 72 LOGOLIDHON 70 Ode Mane SG rae 2 10 Long Haul Line 3 12 56 Lube Lubricants Lubrication 7 13 18 24 28 30 32 54 M MICHELIN X One XDA 2 3 36 38 MICHELIN X One XDA HT Plus 38 44 MICHELIN X One 2 2 3 36 38 44 60 72 MICHELIN X One XTA codecs pases 2 3 38 44 MICHELIN X One XIE 2 3 38 44 MICHELIN X OGG essre umana derne tekk ER 2 3 38 44 MICHELIN X One XZU S A 2 3 38 44 MICHELIN X One satu rrine senen Rx REY ees 2 3 38 44 O 2444500 E RES EXAM EROS ERE aug ia 30 49 Missed Nail Hole dudes eR nri rpe EEE drag is ache pay 20 Mount Mounting 4 10 14 17 19 24 25 27 35 43 45 48 49 64 65 72 74 Moun ng d bs eon dde 24 73 N Nail Hole 56 OIL O ee ee OEE E EE 39 Appendix 75 O Om OI MM PER ae tin 9 52 guo ETT 5 24 OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration 31 73 ddr draps 4 6 9 10 14 15 17 18 66 Over MAION rd bs FR aoa
8. 51 OY fire Model VANTRAAX 2157 SERIAL NO 70050727007 Description HKAT 50K 16RH 71NST QD X7SHD gt N Spindle 8 G M Sespactian Systems Model INTRAAX 2597 CAPACITY aus Description AAT 23K 14RH C77USST 7S IFACTURED UNDER OWE we Sa ES n OPEN PATENT NOS ER ESI er oe Model INTRAAX 3598 KRTISOM Description AAL 30K 9RH 71PST NZQA TOT WO M 36522 WOLD 1 E52058060 P P Spindle 1414422 OTHER par ENTS PENDING NOTE The graphic provided is for reference only Axle specific questions should be directed to the axle manufacturer LOAD RATINGS The load capacity rating of a given axle is determined by the axle Actual Track Width e housing strength bearing capacity and hub capacity For some ultra lightweight axles the reduced axle housing thickness may be the weak link but usually it is the bearings or hub that will be the limiting factor These axles and components are typically designed under the assumption that the action line of the tire load is located between Wheel Wheel Outset Inset the two bearings This is typically found with dual tire mounting or with single tires with very low outset wheels with the axle rating being similarly determined If wheels with greater outset are used the resulting cantilever loading may require
9. 56 AXIS uen muse ere TEE e Re rad PR 61 Steel WHEEL s ue ad dcs ac t te cart Cee 4 6 8 10 24 52 SEET AICS d fca m rods do edi dedos adis 10 44 Stoppine DISLatiC6S voee o drpe 39 63 SHUG PIDE cea RUE US b ORO 6 8 3 T TiS Tie MOS T 24 25 28 29 ee eee ee ee 3 8 472 558 214 1006 15 21 62 63 Technical Bullet x ua gosse ea icio hate tede RACER edd i LS G vaccis 223 WU Ed 1m 24d VERE 19 39 55 64 66 67 Temperature Logging 66 Thermal NACI cc oe sd Sue SOHO 67 Tire Revolutions Per 2 10 18 44 71 72 joo TTC 24 25 27 29 47 49 52 73 74 Tools Dedd Breakin susc nr ds des ce sss d xe 2649 TORQUES ats 2 5 7 8 24 33 45 52 60 72 74 Track WIGS 05 448 ants aan e enn Inside Cover 4 14 15 17 60 Te 6405s na 3 13 37 50 61 63 Tailer AIC 45 44 eae ee ween ou ae eee wed 4 12 15 19 46 48 TESGOD ADDS Saad 05 eee COEDS oor Comes uate 19 Tread BUME ebd QUEE EE 55 U 24 39 41 Wie Steely cere Odone dE EO ed 58 Ido E 3 52 64 V MODUS dodi bat sawn dod on 2 19 23 28 33 35 43 52 73 WAIVE Cae P O
10. Checking for loose and leaky valve stems should be made a part of your regular maintenance schedule Methods for checking for loose valve stems are check with a torque wrench check by hand to see if the valve nut is loose spray a soapy solution on the valve to see if there is a leak To protect the valve from dirt and moisture a heat resistant metal valve cap with a rubber seal must be installed The number one cause of air loss in tires can be attributed to missing valve caps To facilitate air pressure mainte nance a dual seal metal flow through cap may be used inctesd E Valve Cap With Rubber Seal cap These should be installed hand tight only to pre vent damaging the seal 1 5 3 in Ibs Dual Seal Metal Flow Through Cap Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 5 STEEL VS ALUMINUM Depending on the vehicle s vocation a customer may choose steel wheels over aluminum However EU 3 T WARNING a 14 00 x 22 5 aluminum wheel is up to 68 Ibs lighter CAUTION Do not use the than its steel counterpart Due to the larger drop center 5995 nut on steel stud piloted wheels as the shoulder will protrude the MICHELIN X One tire on aluminum wheels past the disc face of the aluminum wheel it is typically easier to mount STUD PILOTED WHEELS There are aluminum and steel wheels with 2 outset currently available in stud piloted configuration Stud piloted disc wheels are designed to
11. Manual MICHELIN A better way forward Ice MICHELIN X One Serv ire Truck T Introduction Read this manual carefully it is important for the SAFE operation and servicing of your tires The purpose of this manual is to provide you the MICHELIN Truck Tire customer with some useful information to help you obtain maximized performance and minimized cost per mile Your MICHELIN radial tires are a significant investment and should be protected like any other investment This manual will show you how to do this by increasing your knowledge of tires regarding their selection performance affecting vehicle characteristics maintenance and tire life extension through repair and retreading For complete tire specifications refer to application data books contact your local MICHELIN Representative or refer to the MICHELIN website www michelintruck com ADDITIONAL REFERENCES For additional information consult the following manuals publications MICHELIN Tr ck TILE Data DOOK vez sere rb RESET on NOSTRUM Ee tu adieu ies aine MWLA0731 MICHELIN Commercial Truck Tire Nail Hole Radial Tire Repair Manual MWT40163 MICHELIN Crown Sidewall Repair Template 00c50000ce seer hh ehe hes MWT40192 MICHELIN Truck Tire Limited Warranty and Driver s Manual eee ene eens MWE40021 MICHELIN X ONE Tire se Hes end
12. 5 Overall Diameter The diameter of the unloaded new tire measured from opposite outer tread surfaces 6 Free Radius One half the overall diameter of the unloaded new tire 7 Nominal Wheel Diameter Diameter of rim seat supporting the tire bead given in nearest whole numbers e g 22 5 8 Section Height The distance from rim seat to outer tread surface of unloaded tire 9 Loaded Radius The distance from the wheel axle centerline to the supporting surface under a tire properly inflated for its load according to the load and inflation tables 7 Nominal Diameter 10 Tire Deflection Free radius minus the loaded radius 11 Tire Revolutions Per Mile Revolutions per mile for a tire size and tread is defined as the number of revolutions that the new tire will make in one mile Data is normally presented for the loaded tire at its rated load and inflation in the drive position Tire revolutions per mile Tire Revs Mile can be determined by measuring using SAE J1025 or estimated by calculating using a mathematical equation Michelin Equation Tire Revs Mile 20 168 O D 8d O D Overall Diameter d Correction for deflection O D 2 SLR SLR Static Loaded Radius MICHELIN Truck Tire Service Manual MWL40732 At Michelin the tire revolutions per mile are officially determined using the Society of Automotive Engineers SAE Recommended Practice The test tires are placed as singles on the dri
13. Lay the tire wheel assembly horizontally and inflate to no more than 5 psi to correctly position the beads on the flanges Place the assembly in a safety cage per Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA standards and continue airing to 20 psi An extra wide safety cage is available for safe inflation of the tire In most cases a standard cage can accommodate the MICHELIN X One assembly Check the assembly carefully for any signs of distortion or irregularities from run flat Closely inspect the sidewalls for bulges pulled cables that would indicate the tire ran underinflated You should also listen for signs of deterioration in the casing cables i e crackling sound 26 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance If run flat is detected scrap the tire If no damage is detected continue to inflate to the manufacturer s recommended operating pressure as listed in the load and inflation tables Please note the lower sidewall beauty rings and ensure the ring is positioned concentrically in relation to the rim flange with no greater than 2 32 of difference found circumferentially If the bead s did not seat deflate tire relubricate the beads and wheel flanges and re inflate Finally give the valve stem a check for leakage or air loss with a squirt of leak finder soap and water If no leak is found seal with a metal valve cap DEMOUNTING All tires must be completely deflated prior to loosening
14. TIRES VS DUALS MICHELIN X One tire fitments have greater clearance between the brake drum and the bead of the tire compared to a dual assembly In addition due to the 2 outset of the wheel for the MICHELIN X One tires more brake drum is exposed which provides greater air flow around the drum These characteristics reduce the heat transfer from the brakes to the tire and allow the brakes to run cooler Exposed Brake Drum This effect was demonstrated on a closed course at the Laurens Proving Grounds Michelin s 3 000 acre test facility The Test A 4x2 straight truck outfitted with a temperature logging device was loaded to maximum legal limits and operated on a closed course with almost continuous starting and stopping cycles The truck was brought up to 30 mph and then stopped repeatedly for 45 minutes The temperature logging device recorded brake drum and wheel temperatures in the bead area every 10 seconds The test was run on both MICHELIN X One tires and duals at similar track temperatures and weather conditions After 45 minutes when the brakes were at their peak temperature the temperatures from the data loggers were compared The brake drums fitted with MICHELIN X One tires were over 100 F cooler and the wheels were over 30 F cooler in the bead area than when equipped with Duals BRAKE TEMPERATURE MICHELIN X ONE TIRES vs DUALS 700 600 500 400 degrees F 300 200 100 um
15. Tire at 30 PSI Fleet Pressure Run flat 80 09 4 189 Inside Dual left at 85 PSI and Outside Dual right at 30 PSI Permanent tire damage due to underinflation and or overloading cannot always be detected Any tire that is known or suspected to have been run at 80 or less of normal operating pressure and or overloaded could possibly have permanent structural damage steel cord fatigue Ply cords weakened by underinflation and or overloading may break one after another until a rupture occurs in the upper sidewall with accompanying instantaneous air loss and explosive force This can result in serious injury or death MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 41 TIRE INSPECTION Any tire that is determined or suspected to be run flat should be inspected thoroughly prior to returning to service Look for wrinkling discoloration cracking and or degradation of the inner liner Any breach to the inner liner can result in the introduction of moisture to the casing and subsequent corrosion If any signs of run flat exist to the inner liner the tire should be made unusable and scrapped Potential Zipper Rupture LJ je IM 7 n rS SES LR N ey iia e aio Ra i Abrasion Marks on the Sidewall 42 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance Abrasion marks on the sidewall due to road contact and or creases in the sid
16. mounting hub face surface Inset places the rim centerline inboard of the mounting hub face surface or over the axle If 2 outset wheels are mounted backwards this will significantly reduce track width and could affect WARNING vehicle stability Disc Face Outboard Inboard Overall width of axle assembly is determined by measuring the outer tire sidewall to outer tire sidewall This measurement is taken at the top of the tires sidewall to avoid measuring the sidewall deflection The Federal DOT Department of Transportation maximum allowed is 102 For a close approximation clip the end of the tape measure on the left tire s outside sidewall and pull the tape to the outer sidewall of the outer tire on the opposite side If your measurement is close to 102 then a more precise method will be required Truck Technical Specifications 17 Wheel end bearings for trucks and trailers are typically the tapered roller type with either grease semi fluid grease or oil level lubrication Anticipated bearing life is compared by running an ANSI American National Standards Institute L10a test to statistically determine the fatigue life The test variables are wheel end loading amount and location bearing end play tire and wheel weight tire static loaded radius and duty cycle vehicle speed and turn frequency and lateral g loading The output is L10a Weighted Bearing System Life in miles The common be
17. pressure will increase 2 psi 80 EASURE PRESSURE inspection it is recommended that you check your MICHELIN X One tires daily with an accurate tire pressure gauge Check all tires when cold at least 3 hours after the vehicle has stopped Never bleed air from hot tires Underinflation can lead to e Adverse handling conditions e Zipper ruptures Casing fatigue and degeneration rregular wear Decreased tread life e Reduced fuel economy Overinflation can lead to e Adverse handling conditions Reduced resistance to impacts and penetrations Increased stopping distances rregular wear Decreased tread life THE USE OF NITROGEN IN MICHELIN TRUCK TIRES Nitrogen is an inert gas and will not adversely affect the inner liner of the tires nor will it adversely affect the performance of the tires under normal operating conditions Therefore the use of nitrogen in MICHELIN Truck Tires will not affect the warranty associated with the tires Please refer to the MICHELIN Truck Tire Warranty Manual MWEA40021 for what is and is not covered by the warranty Ul 100 105 85 90 95 Ambient Temperature Degrees F 39 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance RUN FLAT AND ZIPPER RUPTURES Occasionally a tire will be flat when it arrives at the repair facility and there will be no external signs Run flat Any tire that is known or suspected to have of a rupture Note the X ray photo be
18. seated with the tire wheel inflated standing up Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA guidelines require the tire to be inflated in an approved safety cage However the first 3 to 5 psi of air pressure may be applied to the tire outside the safety cage to properly seat the beads 3 Inspect the guide rib to ensure that the tire is concentrically mounted Using a small machinist s ruler available at most hardware stores for 2 check the wheel flange to the guide rib on your inflated tire The maximum variation allowed is 2 32 You should check the wheel flange to the guide rib at 4 locations 12 00 3 00 6 00 and 9 00 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 31 TIME LABOR STUDY MICHELIN X ONE TIRE VS DUAL ASSEMBLY MICHELIN X ONE TIRE ASSEMBLY DEMOUNTING DUAL e One tire and wheel deflating demounting e Two tires and wheels deflating demounting re mounting and re inflating re mounting and re inflating Average time for one assembly is around One air line 13 14 minutes Average time is around 18 19 minutes Demounting Dual Demounting MICHELIN X One Tire Re mounting Dual Having a second air line will cut down the time by about one third With multiple air lines the time is similar to MICHELIN X One tire Re inflating MICHELIN X One Tire 32 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance MOUNTING ON VEHICLE Mounting MICHELIN X One Tire the V
19. 90 mm x W 20 mm 3 8 in x 0 8 in L 120 mm x W 15 mm 4 7 in x 0 6 in NOTE Total combined Nail Hole Repairs Section Repairs should not exceed 5 total repairs Buzzouts Long Haul P amp D Max 15 per tire RETREAD RECOMMENDATIONS Tread Width Tread Type Min 1700 mm 50 mm 3070 445 50R22 5 i LL di 67 in 121 in Casing Size Buff Radius Circumference Wing Tread 375 420 mm 385 430 mm 1700 mm 50 mm 3225 edid 455 55R22 5 mim 67 in 127 in 1 Wing Tread 385 430 mm 395 440 mm Disclaimer Documents subject to change For non MICHELIN wing tread sizes contact MRT Technical Support at 1 888 678 5470 Option 3 DO Retread and Repair Recommendations OPERATION AND HANDLING 58 63 Over steer Under steer Hydroplaning Rollover Threshold Jack knife Rapid Air Loss Procedure Traction Chains Stopping Distances Limping Home State and Local Regulations HEAT 64 67 Brake Heat Overview Brake Heat Evaluation MICHELIN X One Tires vs Duals x y 9 Y S A better way forward 57 OVER STEER UNDER STEER Over steer is when the rear wheels are carving a Under steer is when the front wheels are carving a larger arc than the front wheels or the intended line larger arc than the rear wheels This is often of the turn This is often described as a loo
20. Appearance Tire wears more rapidly in the center of the tread than in the shoulders Probable Cause LTL Less than Truckload operation high torque incorrect air pressure Analysis Correction Five tread depths should be taken in the drive position allowing one to recognize wear conditions Correction of drive axle air pressure will reduce the wear pattern and enhance tire mileage River Wear Only Condition Code 188 Appearance Tire exhibits circumferential wear along the rib edges next to the major shoulder tread ribs Probable Cause Characteristic of slow wear rate of radial tires Analysis Correction None river wear should not be of concern Inset Notice appearance of shoulder scrub on side of tread blocks inner outer shoulders 13 32 14 32 11 32 14 32 13 32 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 45 TRAILER Step Shoulder Localized Wear Shoulder Cupping Condition Code 187 196 Appearance Tire exhibits step down wear on one or both shoulders or localized cupped out areas Probable Cause Damaged bent trailer axle incorrect camber setting alignment issue LTL Less than Truckload operation incorrect air pressure Suspension compliance Analysis Correction Review tire application with tire Left Front Trailer Position Left Front Trailer Position manufacturer review inflation Original Rotated maintenance procedures Check trailer alignment for bent or worn pa
21. Dual SS Michelin X One Tire 66 Operation and Handling WHEEL TEMPERATURE MICHELIN X ONE TIRES vs DUALS 220 200 180 160 140 degrees F 120 100 80 Source Recent evaluations at a MICHELIN facility in South Carolina Thermal Imaging The thermal image photos were captured after the repeated stopping test followed by 30 minutes of driving without braking A brake drum temperature advantage for the MICHELIN X One tire of 90 F was still apparent even after the cool down period It is safe to say that for any given truck brake gt a 8 Dual Source Recent evaluations at a MICHELIN facility in South Carolina temperatures on MICHELIN X One tire equipped vehicles will be significantly cooler than brakes on trucks running conventional duals This effect will be most pronounced during periods of heavy braking but will persist for some time after braking has ended MICHELIN X One Tire Operation and Handling 67 150 LOAD INDEX AND SPEED SYMBOL 70 DEFINITIONS 71 72 7 SPECIAL TOOLS MOUNTING TOOLS 73 74 DES y 9 2 MICHELIN CQ A better way forward 69 AND SPEED SYMBOL LOAD INDEX SPEED SYMBOL The ISO LOAD INDEX is a numerical code The ISO SPEED SYMBOL indicates the speed at associated with the maximum load a tire can carry which the tire can
22. Equivalent MICHELIN X One Tire Sizes Tire Revolutions Per Mile and Retrofits to MICHELIN X One Tires Tire Marking Load Range ISO DOT Descriptions DOT Sidewall Markings Tire Applications and Design SELECTING A WHEEL 4 5 Outset Inset Drop Centers Valve Systems WHEEL SYSTEMS 6 8 Steel vs Aluminum Stud Piloted Wheels Special Fasteners Hub Piloted Wheels Torque Proper Fastener for MICHELIN X One Tire Steel Stud Piloted Wheels WHEEL SPECIFICATIONS 9 10 14 00 x 22 5 15 Degree Drop Center Wheel Specifications Special Provision for Steer Axle Use on 13 00 x 22 5 Wheels 13 00 x 22 5 15 Degree Wheel Specifications ic Y MICHELIN 3 5 D A better way forward 2 EQUIVALENT MICHELIN X ONE SIZES When retrofitting MICHELIN X One tires of equivalent size changing engine computer revolutions per minute RPM should be all that is required Consult your equipment manufacturer and Michelin representative for details if you are retrofitting other than equivalent sizes TIRE REVOLUTIONS PER MILE AND RETROFITS TO MICHELIN X ONE TIRES Gear Ratio A change in tire dimension will result in a change in engine RPM at a set cruise speed that will result in a change in speed and fuel economy The effect of tire size change on gear ratio should be considered in individual operations A decrea
23. any nuts and demounting from the vehicle DO NOT USE HAMMERS Deflate the tire by removing the valve core Check of any type Striking a the valve stem opening with a wire to make sure it is wheel rim assembly with a not plugged hammer can damage both WAR N the tire and the wheel and is a direct OSHA violation With the tire assembly lying flat break the bead seat of both beads with a bead breaking tool Occupational Safety and Health Administration Apply the lubricant to all surfaces of the bead area on both sides of the tire Make certain that the flange with the tapered ledge that has the shortest span to the drop center is facing up MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 27 2 BAR DEMOUNT METHOD Beginning at the valve remove the first bead using the curved end of the tire irons Place the two irons 6 8 apart and walk through towards the center of the assembly placing both irons on the opposite flange This will lift the first bead up over the flange Remove one of the irons and continue to work it around the tire bead taking small bites until the entire bead is removed 28 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 3 BAR DEMOUNT METHOD This method is similar to the 2 bar method with a third iron inserted 8 from the first two With the first two irons walk through towards the center of the assembly placing both irons on the opposite flange This will lift the first bead up ov
24. be centered by the nuts on the studs The seating action of ball seat nuts in the ball seat holes centers the wheel Fasteners with left hand threads are used on the left side of the vehicle and those with right threads are used on the right side From left to right Aluminum MICHELIN X One tire of the vehicle fastener steel or aluminum MICHELIN X One tire fastener and steel MICHELIN X One tire fastener See application chart on Page 8 for part numbers and more information HUB PILOTED WHEELS Both aluminum and steel wheels are currently available in hub piloted configuration Hub piloted disc wheels are designed to center on the hub at the center hole or bore of the wheel The wheel center hole locates the wheel on pilots built into the hub Hub piloted wheels use the same 2 piece flange nut as duals that contact the disc face around the bolt hole Only one nut on each stud is used Hub piloted wheels have straight bolt holes with no ball seat SPECIAL FASTENERS It is necessary to order cap nuts to replace the inner and outer nuts that are used when mounting a traditional stud piloted dual assembly These parts can be ordered from a wheel distributor in your area The part numbers are listed on Page 8 A 50 50 split of left and right hand threads will be required 6 Tire and Wheel Nomenclature N Correct components must be used WARNING It is important to note that some hub piloted and s
25. ed o oai 37 39 40 41 OVE CCl E 58 Pickup and Delivery amp 3 45 Inside Cover 5 10 19 20 24 26 31 34 36 41 43 47 54 55 59 62 71 72 Pressure seresa been rari Inside Cover 5 39 41 Pressure Maintenance Inside Cover 5 20 38 39 62 Pressure MONMOIING ose ov ERE RR dns disala 19 20 Prossime 19 52 Pressure Cold Inflation Pressure 10 19 38 40 44 R a ee ee es ee Se ee ere i 19 45 49 71 Rapid Air LOSS acere Rae sess Inside Cover 22 34 62 64 ROMO esa 2 12 18 24 36 59 71 Recreational Vehicle idus seme rri eI a a Rn 21 Reise veces ESSENSE senses 10 21 64 Regional ibaa aes EIOS 9 02 BODIE 25995222 1 24 34 35 40 43 54 56 Repair Bead Repair sabes A GEO AREE UA 55 56 Repair 14 55 56 Repair Hle eina tare e ERE E ESO Sidi 56 Repair Sechon AREE ROS PUES 56 SOO Real REESE cas 56 2 30 50 51 55 56 64 Retrofit Retrofitting 2 4 15 16 18 Juri E OCT 45 IOlIGUOI Duos ROLE idea s
26. from an empty vehicle to a fully loaded vehicle can change revolution per mile by 1 to 1 5 Treadwear The tire revolutions per mile vary from a new tire to a fully worn tire This can affect tire revolutions per mile by as much as 3 from the rated tire revolutions per mile Tread Geometry The height and stiffness of the blocks and the shape of the tread pattern can affect tire revolutions per mile Torque The presence of driving and braking torque can affect the tire revolutions per mile Type and Condition of Pavement Asphalt vs concrete wet vs dry can create differences in tire revolutions per mile 72 Appendix CALCULATED TIRE REVOLUTIONS PER MILE Example 445 50R22 5 MICHELIN X One XDN2 new tire O D 40 4 SLR 18 7 d 40 4 2 18 7 d 20 2 18 7 1 5 Tire Revs Mile 20 168 40 4 8 x 1 5 20 168 40 4 1 2 20 168 39 2 Tire Revs Mile 514 489 Calculated vs Data Book Measured tire revolutions per mile of 515 All the information required to determine the proper tire size is contained in the application specific data books To select the proper tire size for a vehicle it is necessary to know the maximum axle loads that the tires will carry and the maximum continuous speed at which they will operate The maximum load that a tire can carry is different if it is mounted in single configuration rather than in dual The allowable axle loads and the required inflation pressur
27. inflation systems may add air to tires determined to be below some fleet chosen pressure Some Central Tire Inflation CTI systems will also allow pressure reduction on any tire on the vehicle to maintain some given pressure level Such systems are rather expensive and more often used only on specialty vehicles Military emergency response National parks etc A key factor in any monitoring or inflation system is determining whether the target or set pressure is a hot pressure or a cold one This should be discussed with your tire manufacturer s representative A Air inflation systems are not guarantees against low pressure situations All vehicles should still be subject to pre trip inspections and systems operation should be verified routinely WARNING Truck Technical Specifications 19 20 THE USE OF PRESSURE MONITORING AND INFLATION SYSTEMS WITH MICHELIN TRUCK TIRES In view of the increasing visibility and promotion for the use of pressure monitoring and or inflation systems Michelin takes the following position e Michelin has not and cannot test every system that is being marketed manufactured for effectiveness performance and durability e The use of these systems does not nullify the MICHELIN truck tire warranty unless it is determined that the system somehow contributed to the failure or reduced performance of the tire e Proper air pressure maintenance is important for the optimal perf
28. lower ratings for some of the m axle components ne level of de rating and the implications i rm thereof are determined by the axle manufacturer so they should cop be consulted prior to fitment of outset single wheels e Prior to contacting the axle manufacturer you should consult the axle identification tag to obtain the following information Axle Manufacturer Actual Track Width Manufacturer s Model Axle Serial Number Axle Capacity Information on actual operational axle loading as opposed to rated load is crucial since the axle manufacturer may recommend de rating the axle below the vehicle manufacturer s GAWR Gross Axle Weight Rating With this data in hand contact the particular axle manufacturer at the numbers listed below for specific d Wheel Outset application information ArvinMeritor www arvinmeritor com DANA www dana com Hendrickson www hendrickson intl com 14 Truck Technical Specifications USE OF 2 OUTSET WHEELS WITH MICHELIN X ONE TIRES The MICHELIN X One tires 445 50R22 5 and 455 55R22 5 require the use of 14 00 x 22 5 wheels The majority view of the wheels currently offered have a 2 outset Some axle and hub manufacturers have clarified and confirmed their position concerning the use of such wheels with their respective components While the position of the component manufacturers is not totally consistent the majority view concerning the r
29. miles of operation torque should be rechecked Ten Stud Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 7 8 PROPER FASTENERS FOR MICHELIN X ONE TIRES ON STUD PILOTED WHEELS It is important that the proper fasteners be used when mounting the MICHELIN X One tire on stud piloted wheels If a fastener specified for the stud piloted aluminum wheel is used on a steel wheel it will bottom out on the brake drum and the proper clamping force necessary to help ensure that the torque on the wheel remains constant will not be achieved possibly resulting in a wheel off situation In the table below the top fastener Part No 5554R amp L is Part No Replaces Alcoa 5554R amp L Budd 706 13 4 5554R amp L Alcoa 5995R amp L Webb 178950R 178951L 5995R amp L Accuride NTL NTR 25 Budd 37888 9 Gunite 2564 65 Motor Wheel 84523 24 5652R amp L Zinc Dichromate Plating 5977R amp L Alcoa 5977 R amp L Hardened Zinc Accuride NTL NTR 25 Alcoa 5552R amp L Budd 37891 2 Yellow Dichromate Plating Tire and Wheel Nomenclature primarily for the Alcoa single mounted stud piloted aluminum wheel example 8 25 x 22 5 and 14 00 x 22 5 wide base stud piloted steel wheel Part No 5995R amp L is for the Alcoa 14 00 x 22 5 wide base stud piloted aluminum wheel The last two fasteners Part No 5652R amp L for a 34 16 studs and 5977R amp L for 1 1 8 16 studs are specified for the 14 00 x 22 5 stud piloted steel wheel
30. pressure adjustment practices for dual tires may not apply to MICHELIN X One tires In order to ensure optimal Application Location of Wear Possible Cause performance of these tires Michelin North America offers the following guidelines 1 Cold inflation pressure should be based on maximum axle load in daily operation Cold inflation anomalies driver influence and or application Always refer to actual axle loads to determine the initial recommended cold inflation pressure MICHELIN INFLATION CHARTS FOR TRUCK TIRES To select the proper load and inflation table locate your tire size below then match your tire s sidewall markings to the table with the same sidewall markings If your tire s sidewall markings do not match any table listed please contact your Michelin dealer for the applicable load and inflation table Industry load and inflation standards are in a constant state of change and Michelin continually updates its product information to reflect these changes Printed material may not reflect the latest load and inflation standards NOTE Never exceed the wheel manufacturer s maximum air pressure limitation S Single configuration or 2 tires per axle Loads are indicated per axle ene MAXIMUM LOAD AND 22 5 kPa 520 550 590 620 660 690 720 760 790 830 445 50R22 5 LRL X One XDA LBS SINGLE 13880 14620 15360 16060 16780 17480 18180 18740 19560 20400 X One XDA HT Plus X On
31. spray a soapy solution on the valve to see if there is a leak 52 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance Corrosion Related Leak MICHELIN X ONE RETREAD AND REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS 54 55 Initial Inspection Shearography Buffing Tread Building Enveloping Curing Final Inspection REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS 56 RETREAD RECOMMENDATIONS 56 y MICHELIN A better way forward SS am 53 While the MICHELIN X One tire may require some special equipment to handle the wider tread and casing it does not require any special procedure to be repaired or retreaded As with any tire special care should be given to respect the recommendations and guidelines associated with the specific product to ensure optimum performance INITIAL INSPECTION Inspect the MICHELIN X One casings as defined by your retread process manufacturer or industry recommended practices using appropriate equipment When using an electronic liner inspection device such as the Hawkinson NDT a new wide base probe of at least 275 mm 10 9 inches is required to insure sufficient and consistent cable contact with the shoulder upper sidewall area Hawkinson part PROBE ASSEMBLY 009 It is recommended to slow the rotation speed or make several additional cycles to catch as many small punctures as possible SHEAROGRAPHY If using laser shearography inspectio
32. track width for 102 wide trailers 83 5 is the newer wider track axle intended for use with wide singles and 0 outset wheels for increased track width stability and payload VEHICLE TRACK With a standard length axle and 2 outset wheels the resulting variation in track width is an increase of approximately 1 5 per side 3 total as compared to a dual tire configuration End users that have retrofitted vehicles with 2 outset wheels should contact their respective vehicle axle or component manufacturers for specific application approvals or maintenance recommendations Measurements are rounded 77 5 Track Width Note Measurements are nominal values and could vary with manufacturer Truck Technical Specifications 15 SPINDLES There are three main spindle types you will encounter when retrofitting MICHELIN X One tires N P and Outer bearing smaller than inner bearing N TYPE SPINDLES TAPERED N type spindles are tapered to the outboard end and utilize a smaller outboard bearing and a larger inboard bearing Outer and inner bearings the same size P TYPE SPINDLES STRAIGHT P type is a parallel spindle design straight shaft and utilizes the same sized bearings inboard and outboard This is generally a heavier duty axle end R TYPE SPINDLES R type is a drive axle spindle configuration The R type spindle for drive axles is typically straight with bearings of n
33. truck compared to traditional dual tires However while most MICHELIN X One tire fitments allow the track of the tractor and trailer to be widened the vehicle s behavior in curves on ramps or off ramps is still subject to roll over at excessive speeds A Don t let the outstanding handling of MICHELIN X One tires give you a false sense of stability in curves A Do respect all posted speed limits regardless of tire fitment Failure to do so may cause vehicle to tip Rapid Air Loss Techniques Extensive testing has shown that a rapid air loss on a MICHELIN X One tire will not compromise the stability and behavior of the vehicle However with one tire on each axle end the loss of air pressure will allow the wheel and axle end to drop and possibly contact the road surface A Don t try to limp home or continue to run on a flat tire A Do down shift or use the trailer brake when appropriate to avoid tire wheel assembly lock up A Do release the brakes intermittently as you slow down to allow some rotation of the assembly Failure to do so may cause irreparable damage to the tire wheel axle components and vehicle Table of Content Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 1 8 SELECTING A TIRE 2 3 Equivalent MICHELIN X One Tire Sizes Tire Revolutions Per Mile and Retrofits to MICHELIN X One Tires Tire Marking Load Range ISO DOT Descriptions DOT Sidewall Markings Tire Applica
34. 0 9860 10200 RS 10200 LBS AT 120 PSI X One XRV KG SINGLE 3180 3330 3520 3660 3850 3990 4130 4310 4450 4625 IS 4625 KG AT 830 kPa 38 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance The first step in properly measuring your MICHELIN X One tires is to have an accurate pressure gauge Pressure gauges should be checked weekly against a master calibrated pressure gauge Tire Billy s and Thumpers are not considered accurate tire gauges Sometimes reading the gauge can present difficulties if personnel are not properly trained Spend the time to explain to your personnel the increments on the gauge and how to properly read pressure It is highly recommended that you use a real tire and let the trainee take the pressure and tell you what it reads Proper air pressure maintenance is critical to obtain optimized performance from your MICHELIN X One tires As part of your pre trip 10 psi Actual Pressure 107 psi TEMPERATURE PRESSURE 100 RELATIONSHIP GRAPH 99 This graph displays the reason 35 behind checking your tires when 97 cold As ambient temperature T increases pressure increases 2 An increase in ambient and or S 95 operating temperature will result 94 in an increase in tire pressure Checking your tires when hot 93 will result in an elevated reading 92 A good field thumb rule to use is that for every 10 degree F increase 2 in temperature above 65 the tire s 90 at
35. 5 50R22 5 LRL LBS SINGLE 13880 14620 15360 16060 16780 17480 18180 18740 19560 20400 10200 LBS AT 120 PSI X One XDA X One XDA HT Plus X One XDN2 X One XTA KG SINGLE 6300 6640 6960 7280 7620 7940 8240 8500 8860 9250 4625 KG AT 830 kPa X One XTE 455 55R22 5 LRL LBS ssn ns em 18880 19640 20400 21200 22000 T 11000 LBS AT 120 PSI X One XDA HT Plus X One XDN2 X One XTE KG SINGLE 6800 7160 7520 7880 8220 8560 8900 9250 9580 10000 5000 830 455 55R22 5 LRM LBS SINGLE 16580 17360 18120 18880 19640 20400 21200 22000 22600 mas 11700 LBS AT 130 PSI X One XZU S X One XZY3 KG SINGLE 7520 7880 8220 8560 8900 9250 9580 10000 10240 10600 5300 KG AT 900 kPa amp With chip and cut resistant tread compound TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR MICHELIN 455 55R22 5 LRM WITH 13 00 x 22 5 WHEELS STEER AXLE FIRST LIFE ONLY Loaded Reve i 95 100 105 110 115 120 Load Max Load Single Dimension Radius Per Range kPa 520 550 in mm Ibs psi kg kPa A55 55R22 5 lbs per axle 13740 14460 15180 15 16600 17980 18660 19340 20000 13 LRM 19 5 493 10000 120 4535 830 kg per axle 6240 6520 6900 7180 7560 8100 8720 9070 NOTE When used 13 00 rim the max load and pressure is lower than that indicated the sidewall MICHELIN INFLATION CHARTS FOR RV USAGE
36. 5 and vice versa For more information consult your local dealer or go to www tirechains com The information provided is for reference only Chains specific questions should be directed to the chains manufacturer L LL TS STOPPING DISTANCES Stopping distance with the MICHELIN X One tire is similar to that of a vehicle in dual configuration A general rule typically mentioned in Commercial Driver s License CDL manuals is to allow one vehicle length or one second between your vehicle and the one you are following for every 10 mph of your velocity For example if you are driving at 65 mph allow 6 5 seconds between your vehicle and the one in front of you A good way to practice this is to mark a spot such as a bridge road sign etc that the vehicle you re following has just passed and count one one thousand two one thousand etc to see how long it takes you to reach the same point If you count to only four one thousand then increase your following distance In wet and or icy conditions do not assume that because you have better traction you will be able to stop quicker It is always the best practice to increase following distances and reduce driving speeds when traveling in adverse weather conditions LIMPING HOME Limping on the MICHELIN X One tire can cause damage to the wheel and casing Although the tire is down it s possible that it is repairable unless it was run flat L
37. CTI System 19 20 Chante TOCE uem sme donde RISE Eti a 7 8 c 62 Circumferential 26 40 45 47 50 54 2 18 60 Contact Pressure 59 Contact Surface acra e 36 Contamina Su sees eke 51 CON aes CEES CEES SoS 5 40 42 52 Curing Retread ciues thor bor does odas 55 D DANA 12 14 DemountU 1 4 27 29 32 73 Differential os cospieeeteGtase se CE san Y EROR CE 13 50 bu cT 21 74 beg Mc X X 2 17 50 63 73 Drive 4 12 13 15 16 18 22 45 47 63 71 OVO E IE EEE een T E 4 6 9 25 27 Dual Seal Valve recreen iti 5 Daal Du uals 54 52 n i 2 4 6 13 14 17 19 24 32 34 36 38 41 45 47 49 50 59 67 72 E B yeloping Retread 55 Equivalent SIZES que E S Ee 2 F DOOUDEITIC eare cE Inside Cover 36 37 62 Duel ECONOMY e coena uides cues enti dp Ea nes eds 2 18 39 G A LEE E E E 2 13 Gross Axle Weight GAWR ao va abaco d yita ed 4 14 Gross Vehicle
38. MICHELIN X One Tires Load and Inflation Tables IRREGULAR TIRE WEAR 45 46 Tractor Heel Toe Block Edge Wear Center Wear River Wear Only Trailer Step Shoulder Localized Wear Shoulder Cupping Brake Skid ALIGNMENT AND VIBRATION 47 49 Introduction Toe Axle Skew Trailer Alignment Vibration and Balance TREAD DEPTH PULL POINTS 50 CARE CLEANING AND STORAGE 51 SEALANTS 52 VALVE STEM INSPECTION 52 5 8 MICHELIN A better way forward 23 MICHELIN X ONE TIRE MOUNTING MICHELIN X One tires are easily mounted on 14 00 x 22 5 approved wheels using procedures similar to that of tires mounted in dual configuration Correct steps and safety practices should be followed to help ensure a proper mount of the tire and wheel assembly These points are covered in the MICHELIN Truck Tire Service Manual MWL40732 MOUNTING SETUP Be sure to use tools in good condition along with approved vegetable based lubricants with the proper ratio of lubricant to water NO petroleum oils grease silicone oils or solvent based lubricants should be used as these can swell and damage rubber The lubricant and brushes should be free of contaminates In addition make sure to use all personal protective equipment like safety glasses steel toe boots and gloves when
39. NE TIRE MOUNTING 24 26 Mounting Setup Wheel Preparation Inspecting for Damages Lubricating the Tire and Wheel Mounting the MICHELIN X One Tire MICHELIN X ONE TIRE DEMOUNTING 27 29 2 Bar Demount Method 3 Bar Demount Method Demounting the Second Bead 2 tbid cicer ier tees 30 31 3 Easy Steps to Help Minimize Mismounted Tires TIME LABOR STUDY MICHELIN X ONE TIRE VS DUAL 32 33 Demounting the MICHELIN X One Tires Demounting the Dual Mounting the MICHELIN X One Tires Mounting the Dual AIR INFILTRATION sss 34 35 AIR PRESSURE 5 rer rien eros teni Ran a x neos ta pan e 36 38 MICHELIN X One Air Pressure Maintenance Practices HOW TO PROPERLY MEASURE PRESSURE 39 44 Temperature Pressure Relationship Chart The Use of Nitrogen in MICHELIN Truck Tires Run flat and Zipper Ruptures Tire Inspection MICHELIN X One Tires Load and Inflation Tables IRREGULAR TIRE WEAR 45 46 Tractor Heel Toe Block Edge Wear Center Wear River Wear Only Trailer Step Shoulder Localized Wear Shoulder Cupping Brake Skid ALIGNMENT AND VIBRATION 47 49 Introduction Axle Skew Trailer Alignment Vibration Balance TREAD DEPTH PULL
40. ONLY In the load and inflation tables SINGLE means an axle with one tire mounted on each end while DUAL means an axle with two tires mounted on each end In an RV application the loads indicated represent the total weight of an axle end When one axle end weighs more than the other use the heaviest of the two end weights to determine the unique tire pressure for all tires on the axle The maximum cold air pressure for each axle may vary depending on their weights This table is applicable for all RV axles whether or not they are power driven WHEEL DIAMETER Em 22 E PRESSURE ON SIDEWALL 445 50R22 5 LRL LBS SINGLE 7000 7370 7740 8100 8460 8820 9170 9510 9860 10200 RS 10200 LBS AT 120 PSI X One XRV KG SINGLE 3180 3330 3520 3660 3850 3990 4130 4310 4450 4625 IS 4625 KG AT 830 kPa 44 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance IRREGULAR TIRE WEAR TRACTOR Heel Toe Condition Code 182 Appearance Drive lugs around the tire worn high to low from the front to back edge on tread of tire Probable Cause High torque pickup and delivery operations P amp D plus mountainous terrain high braking operations Analysis Correction Drive tires should be rotated front to rear cross rotation is permitted but will accelerate wear and can reduce removal mileages With the MICHELIN X One tire since you have no dual pressure differences heel and toe pattern should clear itself up 1 3 worn Center Wear Condition Code 186
41. One XZU S High Scrub Resistance Weight Savings 23 32nd MICHELIN X One XZY 3 High Scrub Resistance Weight Savings 23 32nd Tire and Wheel Nomenclature 3 4 OUTSET 1 Outset The lateral distance from the wheel centerline to the mounting surface of the disc Outset places the wheel centerline outboard of the mounting hub face surface Inset The Inset places the wheel centerline inboard of the mounting hub face surface or over the axle USE OF 2 OUTSET WHEELS WITH MICHELIN X ONE TIRES The MICHELIN X One tires 445 50R22 5 and 455 55R22 5 require the use of 14 00 x 22 5 wheels The majority of the wheels currently offered have a 2 outset Some axle and hub manufacturers have recently clarified and confirmed their position concerning the use of such wheels with their respective components While the position of the component manufacturers is not totally consistent the majority view concerning the retrofit of duals with MICHELIN X One tires can be summarized as follows Axle Type Spindle Type Wheel Recommendation Drive axles 2 outset wheels Trailer axles Check with component manufacturer Many other axle and spindle combinations exist Contact axle manufacturer Disc Face Outboard Inboard Disc Face Outboard Inboard Tire and Wheel Nomenclature Truck and trailer manufacturers may have different specifications For optimum track width stabi
42. Per 5 26 Valve COE Pea ews teas eau 27 43 Valve SICM vaa cinerea lS 5 19 24 26 27 33 52 Vehicle Track os aae acento CR Cp db e n c e ER dea 15 932 vmi born bb Gene 1495 ey Pci 30 46 47 49 62 W El CR 3 18 30 31 37 39 45 48 50 72 Wear BAIS SOS CS in Eee SE 50 Wear Umm ESI PERENNE QUEE 45 or aio cii db C 46 Wear OD PT 45 Wear 45 Wear Irregular 31 39 45 48 54 Weal PPM 45 Wear Shoulder 5 30 45 46 Wheel Inside Cover 4 10 12 14 15 17 19 22 33 37 38 43 44 46 47 49 52 58 62 64 66 68 71 74 Z A LS Ly 39 40 42 MICHELIN X One Truck Tire Service Manual To learn more please contact your MICHELIN Sales Representative or visit www michelintruck com To order more books please call Promotional Fulfillment Center 1 800 677 3322 Option 2 Monday through Friday 9 a m to 5 p m Eastern Time United States Michelin North America Inc One Parkway South Greenville SC 29615 1 888 622 2306 Canada Michelin North America Canada Inc 3020 Avenue Jacques Bureau Laval Quebec H7P 6G2 1 888 871 4444 Mexico Industrias Michelin S A de C V Av 5 de febrero No 2113 A Fracc Industrial Benito Juarez 7 6120 Quer taro Qro Mexico 011 52 442 296 1600 An Equal Opportunity Emp
43. Thread High Application and General Information For Single Mounting of Alcoa Forged Aluminum Disc Wheels and Steel Stud Piloted Wide Single Wheels For Alcoa Wide Base Aluminum Wheels Long Grip Cap Nut Larger height provides greater lug wrench contact with the wheel Steel Wheel Single Stud Mounting Front and Rear NOTE The table provided is for reference only Wheel specific questions should be directed to the wheel manufacturer Single Large Stud Mounting Front and Rear m 14 00 x 22 5 15 DEGREE DROP CENTER WHEEL SPECIFICATIONS Manufacturer Material Part No Finish Weight Ibs Outset Inset Load amp Inflation 10 hole stud located ball seat mounting 11 25 in bolt hole circle Hayes Lemmerz White 125 8 hole hub piloted mounting 10 827 in bolt hole circle Alcoa Brushed Alcoa Polished 10 Hole 2 outset hub piloted mounting 285 75 mm bolt hole circle Machine Finished Machine Finished Dura Bright Polished Outside Polished Outside Dura Bright Hayes Lemmerz White 10 Hole 0 outset hub piloted mounting 285 75 mm bolt hole circle Machine Finished Machine Finished Dura Bright Polished Dura Bright Hayes Lemmerz White 136 0 51 10 Hole 1 13 outset hub piloted mounting 285 75 mm bolt hole circle 0 87 12800 125 0 87 12800 125 Be DS x 1 49 11000 125 gt e CY CY O0 NJ O 87 12800 125
44. Weight GVW aan 12 21 Cuide FAD P coeds esas 31 GUIGCINIGS A T 31 38 54 Handlings Seuss Inside Cover 22 37 39 58 61 63 74 Hayes LOI EZ s cada Suc ERU IU ees keene 4 9 10 Heer TOC Veal s oos ces eed uni qe bord ES 45 Hendrie kOn ame 12 14 ET 6 7 9 10 33 Pop N GVO SLC 59 AAO 11 9 10 19 20 24 26 31 37 41 43 44 46 54 55 71 73 Inflation Central Lire Inflation 19 20 Inflation Overinflation 37 39 Inflation Underinflation Inside Cover 39 41 24 34 35 39 42 52 55 sence 1 4 5 9 10 14 17 Inspection Inside Cover 19 39 42 50 52 54 55 62 Pre PASE RENE EP 19 39 Inspection Retread Process 54 Inspection Tire lt 5 42 Inspectiorn Valve suae 5 26 27 52 recular Weal s 4to2000eieseteddebanseesetas 30 31 39 46 47 J Jack Kel bese or ORE mav edi qUA 58 61 63 L Laurens Proving Grounds 66 Limping Home vua oo wheat a Boe Wed acon Inside cover 62 63 IMC TG coon
45. adual by pumping the brakes Creating assembly lock up can cause irrepairable damage to tire wheel axle components and vehicle Pull the vehicle to a safe area Do not attempt to limp further down the road Secondary Actions Turn on flashers Deploy safety triangles Inspect vehicle for damage Call for assistance 62 Operation and Handling This can be simplified by remembering the following DROP ROLL and STOP In other words the vehicle lean or DROP may be the first indication of a rapid air loss Don t jam on the brakes Pumping the brakes will allow the damaged wheel end to ROLL to a STOP without lock up There are many MICHELIN X One tire training videos including rapid air loss handling and specific application demonstrations To obtain one of these contact your local MICHELIN dealer or the MICHELIN sales representative in your area TRACTION Traction is dependent on the following variables speed tread depth conditions dry or wet depth of water tread design tread rubber compound road surface concrete asphalt CHAINS Depending on the state in which you are traveling chains may or may not be required If chains are required several companies have chains available for the MICHELIN X One tire The thing to remember when purchasing chains for your MICHELIN X One tire is the tire size as the 445 50R22 5 chains don t fit the 455 55R22
46. andable rim width of 14 5 inches is required Buffing on a more narrow rim can result in excess undertread remaining in the shoulder increasing the operating belt edge temperature Tread building should not begin until tire pressure has reached the target inflation pressures in the expandable rim as defined by your retread process manufacturer For cushion to casing extruded bonding gum application recommended minimum inflation pressure is 0 8 bar or 12 psi Bonding gum thickness should not exceed 1 5 mm 2 32 in the crown and 2 5 mm 3 32 in the shoulders Note For non Michelin wing tread products contact MRT Duncan SC at 1 888 678 5470 then press 3 for Technical Support ENVELOPING Contact your envelope supplier for the recommended size envelopes to be used CURING Cure the MICHELIN X One casing according to cure law for the tread design per the retread process manufacturer FINAL INSPECTION Conduct the final inspection of the MICHELIN X One casing according to the retread process manufacturer work method and specification Note The retreader is still responsible for determining if the MICHELIN X One casing is capable of being retreaded the same as would be done for any other tire in the inspection process Shoulder Crown Plies Body Ply Inner Liner Sidewall NOTE For truck sizes point B is located on the point of the bead point A is found 75 mm from B towards the interior of
47. ard for Retreading Tires manufactured prior to the year 2000 end with 3 digits rather than 4 the first two numbers indicating the week and the last one indicating the year of production followed by a solid triangle to indicate the decade of 1990s Tires made or retreaded after the year 1999 will end with a four digit code the first two indicate the week and the last two indicate the year of manufacture MICHELIN X One Tire Size Dual Size Example DOT B6 DO AXL X 2006 New tire markings required by the Department of Transportation MICHELIN Manufacture Date Optional Code Tire Size TIRE MARKINGS LOAD RANGES ISO DOT DESCRIPTIONS Size LI Ply Rating 445 50R22 5 X One XDA X XDN 2 X One XRV X One X One 455 55R22 5 X One XDN2 X One XTE X One XZU S X One XZY 3 ISO Load ISO Speed Approximate Weight um rere teem E um eno ism e 22 166 11 700 Ibs 75 mph 22 166 11 700 Ibs 75 202 Indicates a cut and chip resistance tread compound for more aggressive environments Exceeding the legal speed limit is neither recommended nor endorsed The weights are estimates only The actual weight may vary Tire and Wheel Nomenclature TIRE APPLICATIONS AND DESIGN Long Haul A The Long Haul application is On Off Road Y On Off Road tires are designed to composed of businesses operating primarily in provide the durab
48. bits toe in and the other exhibits toe out If this condition is felt on your steer tires it is usually a classic symptom of your rear drive axles not being parallel with each other By using a trammel bar you can quickly and easily determine if your tractor has a skew problem MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 47 Using a plumb bob and string select two points on the front axle and two on the rear axle that are equal from the center of the trailer chassis Usually the point where the springs air bags mount to the axle makes a good reference point On a flat level surface mark four points on the ground representing the trailer axles and one point for the trailer kingpin 2 oN N 7 2 Trammel Bar LN IANO LARS ZA AN x B ACE n N y7 Non UN NON Specification 1 8 difference between axle ends i Tools Required Trammel bar and tape measure if scale not present on trammel bar TRAILER ALIGNMENT Trailers should not be overlooked when investigating alignment related tire wear issues Misaligned trailers usually result in rapid and or irregular trailer wear poor tracking and steer tire wear due to the driver counter steering to keep the trailer in the lane Schematic of Measurement Details X X YzY AD z BC Ideally you want DE CE and AD BC This would indicate your axles are not only parallel but square with the kingpin Sp
49. bjects removed and the tire repaired An undetected imbedded object remaining in the tire can allow air infiltration and consequently a possible catastrophic failure of the sidewall 19 501 to 26 000 Ibs SINGLE AXLE VAN LOW PROFILE COE CLASS 6 CLASS 7 26 001 to 33 000 Ibs GVW CLASS 8 33 001 Ibs and over TRAILER Weight Not specified GVW HOME FUEL FUEL nu DUMP Rr CEMENT REEFER TANDEM AXLE VAN teg d INTERCITY BUS LARGE RV TANDEM REFUSE GCW TO 65 000 GCW TO 80 000 mr LOW PROFILE HIGH PROFILE COE TANDEM COE MEDIUM CONVENTIONAL DRY VAN FURNITURE STAKE COE VAN SCHOOL BUS DOUBLES FIRE ENGINE LIQUID TANK SIGHTSEEING COACH DRY BULK TRANSIT BUS LOGGER PLATFORM BOTTLER wl SPREAD AXLE DROP FRAME HEAVY CONVENTIONAL HEAVY TANDEM CONVENTIONAL HEAVY TANDEM CONVENTIONAL SLEEPER DEEP DROP AUTO TRANSPORTER Recommended Applications Contact Michelin For information on the MICHELIN X One tire for the 4x2 application refer to page 22 GVW Gross Vehicle Weight The total weight of the loaded vehicle includes chassis body and payload GCW Gross Combination Weight Total weight of loaded tractor trailer combination includes tractor trailer and payloads GAWR Gross Axle Weight Rating Maximum allowable load weight for a specific spindle axle wheel and rim combi
50. carry a load corresponding to its at the speed indicated by its SPEED SYMBOL under Load Index under service conditions specified by service conditions specified by the tire the tire manufacturer manufacturer 1 kg 2 205 lbs Load Index kg Ibs ee 70 Appendix Standard and Low Profile radial truck tire sizes can be more easily understood by breaking down the formula into the three components the section width in inches or millimeters aspect ratio and rim wheel diameter 1 Tire Size Standard Size example 11R22 5 11 inch nominal section width with a height between 90 and 100 of the section width R radial 22 5 wheel diameter Low Profile example 445 50R22 5 445 millimeter nominal section width 50 is the aspect ratio expressed as a height to width percentage R radial 22 5 wheel diameter 2 Aspect Ratio A nominal number which represents the section height divided by the section width expressed as a percentage Example 445 50R22 5 Aspect Ratio 50 3 Rims The approved preferred rims are designated for each size tire MICHELIN X One tires should only be mounted on the rims shown in the application specific data book 4 Overall Width The maximum width cross section of the unloaded tires including protruding side ribs and decorations as measured on the preferred rim Overall width will change 0 1 inch 2 5 mm for each 1 4 inch change in rim width
51. cent evaluations at a MICHELIN facility in South Carolina SPECIFICATIONS FOR TREAD DESIGN MICHELIN X ONE XDN2 Load Catalog S were Loaded Radius Overall Diameter Overall Width Approved Revs mar pocius HES Me Range Number Dept p Per Mile ge 32nds mph f i N mm in mm hs psi kg 445 50R22 5 L 36587 474 1026 14 00 915 10200 4625 pesos v p e se er me nr os woo ss om m or SPECIFICATIONS FOR TREAD DESIGN XDN2 Load Catalog E sped Este ine iu bin Revs Max Load and Pressure Max Load and Pressure Range Number Depth Radius Diameter m E t s Mie Po Dual listed first pee O ns on no zo uz m sm Jens ne peto vo sos vo s e 60 Operation and Handling JACK KNIFE When you put the tractor and trailer into an extreme turn or jack knife situation the trailer is very vulnerable to rollover Normally traction has a positive influence on the handling of the truck This is no longer true when you put a truck in a jack knife condition Whether dual or single configuration you are forcing the tires to stop rolling and slide sideways As the photo below clearly demonstrates the trailer is twisting because the tires are holding their position on the road This can lead to rollover This is especially true for spread axle trailers and high center of gravity loads Look at the lateral stress placed on the tires from the jac
52. d prevent rapid air loss events AIR INFILTRATIONS ARE AVOIDABLE Never use a duckbill hammer to mount tubeless Remove and repair nails screws and other truck tires as this is the number one cause of bead penetrations promptly BEFORE they can cause air damages infiltration Cuts to inner liner resulting in sidewall separation Use proper repair techniques and inspect all NEVER leave service items inside the tire like repair repairs prior to returning tire to service parts valves caps etc NEVER intentionally place items like golf balls inside the tire to act as a balancing agent as this can lead to inner liner damage REMEMBER Any object that cuts the inner liner can lead to air infiltration MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 35 FOOTPRINT COMPARISONS TO DUAL TIRE FITMENTS 37 FOOTPRINTS MICHELIN X One XDA versus 275 80R22 5 4 Unloaded 8 500 Ibs axle B Tes Loaded 17 000 Ibs axle ni IPY lt iw Wi Unloaded 8 500 165 d V Loaded 17 000 Ibs axle Loaded 17 000 Ibs axle 36 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance You will notice that switching to single tire fitments causes a slight reduction in footprint area when compared to dual This will not have a negative impact on your traction Your MICHELIN X One tire footprint will be dependent on air pressure recommendations and vehicle l
53. d using a toe scribe you can mark a line around the circumference of the left steer tire and repeat the procedure to the right steer tire Then letting the truck down on a frictionless surface a folded plastic bag you can then measure between those two lines at the same height on both sides You can use two equal sized objects as a reference The closer you are to hub height the more accurate your measurement will be Ideally you want the rear measurement to be bigger by 116 or 1 5 mm If it is not you should adjust the toe by loosening the cross tube clamps and turning the cross tube to either lengthen or shorten the overall assembly Remember to re tighten the clamps and recheck your measurement following the adjustment Specification 1 16 Toe In or Positive Toe Note that there is no tolerance or slop for this setting Tools Required Toe scribe tape measure spray paint and plastic trash bags AXLE SKEW Axle skew is the 72 cause of alignment related wear and affects steer drive and trailer tires It is sometimes referred to as scrub or axle parallelism When drive axles are not parallel to each other it has a negative effect on all tractor tires This is due to the vehicle wanting to pull in the direction where the axle ends are closest together This forces the driver to counter steer in the opposite direction This usually results in feathering of the steer tires in opposite directions In other words one exhi
54. driving conditions Vehicle control in a rapid air loss situation is a matter of driver education and training To assist with this training Michelin has produced a video entitled Rapid Air Loss Truck The Critical Factor to instruct drivers on how to handle a rapid air loss situation To download or view the video Rapid Air Loss Truck The Critical Factor please visit our web page at www michelintruck com michelintruck toolbox videos demos jsp For additional information please contact your local MICHELIN sales representative or contact Michelin using the website at www michelintruck com MICHELIN X ONE TIRE MOUNTING 24 26 Mounting Setup Wheel Preparation Inspecting for Damages Lubricating the Tire and Wheel Mounting the MICHELIN X One Tire MICHELIN X ONE TIRE DEMOUNTING 27 29 2 Bar Demount Method 3 Bar Demount Method Demounting the Second Bead MISMOUNT 30 31 3 Easy Steps to Help Minimize Mismounted Tires TIME STUDY MICHELIN X ONE TIRE VS DUAL 32 33 Demounting the MICHELIN X One Tires vs Dual Mounting the MICHELIN X One Tires vs Dual Torque AIR INFILTRATION 34 35 AIR PRESSURE 36 38 HOW TO PROPERLY MEASURE PRESSURE 39 44 Temperature Pressure Relationship Chart The Use of Nitrogen in MICHELIN Truck Tires Run flat and Zipper Ruptures Tire Inspection
55. e XDN2 X One XTA KG SINGLE 6300 6640 6960 7280 7620 7940 8240 8500 8860 9250 X One XTE 10200 LBS AT 120 PSI a 4625 KG AT 830 kPa 455 55R22 5 LRL LBS SINGLE 15000 15800 16580 17360 18120 18880 19640 20400 z 22000 NH 11000 LBS AT 120 PSI X One XDA HT Plus X One XDN2 X One XTE KG SINGLE 6800 7160 7520 7880 8220 8560 8900 9250 9580 10000 5000 KG AT 830 kPa 455 55R22 5 LRM LBS SINGLE mE 16580 17360 18120 18880 19640 20400 21200 22000 22600 23400 4 11700 LBS 130 PSI X One XZU S X One XZY3 KG SINGLE 7520 7880 8220 8560 8900 9250 9580 10000 10240 10600 5300 KG AT 900 kPa amp With chip and cut resistant tread compound MICHELIN INFLATION CHARTS FOR RV USAGE ONLY In the load and inflation tables SINGLE means an axle with one tire mounted on each end while DUAL means an axle with two tires mounted on each end The loads indicated represent the total weight of an axle end in an RV application When one axle end weighs more than the other use the heaviest of the two end weights to determine the unique tire pressure for all tires on the axle The maximum cold air pressure for each axle may vary depending on their weights This table is applicable for all RV axles whether or not they are power driven WHEEL DIAMETER Em 22 E PRESSURE ON SIDEWALL 445 50R22 5 LRL LBS SINGLE 7000 7370 7740 8100 8460 8820 9170 951
56. eads do not seat fully on the tapered rim flange area of the wheel As can be seen in this diagram one of the tire beads has fully seated against the rim flange But in another small area the bead did not climb completely up the tapered area of the wheel In this area the bead is tucked further under the rim making the sidewall slightly shorter If the tire continues to run it will develop maxi mini wear which is characterized by the tread depth on one side of the tire being deeper than on the other side In this case balancing will only be a band aid In other words the tire may be balanced for a few thousand miles but as the tire wears the weights would have to magically shift to another part of the tire wheel assembly in order to maintain proper balance Because they don t magically shift to other locations the driver usually comes back after a few thousand miles saying whatever you did it worked for a little while but now the vibration has come back Mismount 30 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance If the tire mismount is not detected immediately the tire may develop localized shoulder wear Eventually the tire wear pattern will appear around the rest of the shoulder sometimes resulting in a noticeable ride disturbance If mismount is detected early deflate dismount inspect re lube and re mount the tire Sometimes the irregular wear from mismount may be too significant to fix At th
57. early the same size 16 Truck Technical Specifications The best way to determine what type of spindle may be fitted to a given axle is to reference the axle ID data plate affixed to the axle or the suspension ID tag as described on Pages 12 14 The following photos display actual tag placements Tag Placement A quick rule of thumb is to measure the hub cap N type is usually 4 5 and the P type is usually 6 0 N Type Spindle P Type Spindle Vehicle track width is determined by taking the axle track width and adding or subtracting the left and right wheel outsets or insets respectively An easy way to measure this yourself is to start on the left side of the axle hooking your tape on the outside edge of the tread Stretch the tape to the right side of the axle and measure to the inside edge of the tread Take the measurement where the tape measure crosses the left edge of the right side tire s tread The measurement you have just taken is your vehicle s track width Simply put it is the center to center distance of your tires MICHELIN X One Tires AND WIDTH This method also works well for determining the track width on dual tires Without changing the width of your axle your track width can change depending on your wheel outset or inset Outset The lateral distance from the wheel centerline to the mounting surface of the disc Outset places the rim centerline outboard of the
58. ecifications Difference between axle ends lt 1 16 AD compared to BC Difference between kingpin to axle measurements lt 1 8 DE compared to CE This driver has to constantly counter steer to the left to keep the trailer off the shoulder Tools Required Plumb bob and string 100 ft tape measure 48 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance VIBRATION Tire induced vibrations are generally the result of out of round assemblies Common causes for out of round assemblies are components such as wheels drums and hubs and are corrected by changing the individual component The most common cause stems from mismount or improper mounting procedures that lead to the tire not seating concentrically with the wheel Whether it s an individual component part or a mounting issue these problems can be identified easily by checking for radial and lateral runout Radial Runout NOTE A piece of duct tape wrapped around the tread will facilitate measuring radial runout on block style drive tread designs Lateral Runout Specifications for MICHELIN X One tires See TMC RP 214C Tire Wheel End Balance and Runout for more details on radial and lateral runout readings Radial Runout lt 095 Lateral Runout lt 095 14 x 22 5 Aluminum Wheels lt 030 14 x 22 5 Steel Wheels lt 070 Tools Required Truck style runout gauge stand with dial indicator BALANCE The Technology Maintenance Council TMC has s
59. een Inside Cover 60 63 TOS Ee Gb VETE 45 46 ROT MEGERE 24 26 40 42 63 Runout Radial and Lateral 47 49 S 19 24 26 31 33 43 50 60 62 73 Bale CaCl d PERRO EM 26 31 43 73 og ee ee TT 52 Seepa oa hd ane eda 56 ETT 19 46 52 Severe 5 1 5 USC dessus eua cates edie cote 56 PM DI CUTEM GE 54 Shoulder Step WEIT 30 38 45 46 SIdewall ect tei i 2 10 17 20 24 26 30 31 34 35 38 40 44 50 51 54 56 63 5 4 9 10 15 31 44 48 50 60 Specifications Balance 47 49 5peciliCatioris 0 56 Specifications 30 47 49 Specifications Tandem Skew 47 48 76 Appendix Specifications 40 42 Specifications sew esa bes 47 Specifications Trailer Alignment 48 Specifications 9 10 Speed symbols RS a 70 SOMME Pr HERE 4 13 16 18 ode b qute dee coum REM aD
60. ehicle HUB PILOTED SINGLE 1 assembly 10 flange nuts Either side STUD PILOTED SINGLE 2 assemblies 10 Cap nuts Left side 10 Cap nuts Right side 22 Parts MOUNTING ON VEHICLE DUAL Mounting Dual on the Vehicle HUB PILOTED DUAL 2 assemblies 10 flange nuts Either side STUD PILOTED DUAL 4 assemblies 10 inner cap nuts Left side 10 inner cap nuts Right side 10 outer cap nuts Left side 10 outer cap nuts Right side 44 Parts In addition dual wheels must be clocked for valve stem access through the hand holes Mounting on hub centered axles for the MICHELIN X One tire or Dual should take 2 minutes for each axle end While mounting Dual on axles with stud centered hubs additional time is required due to the installation of an inner and outer nut for each stud and having to line up hand holes TORQUE Once the tire wheel assembly is mounted onto the axle end using an air gun the final torque of each wheel nut must be applied using a calibrated torque wrench to 450 500 foot pounds This will only take a minute to perform and is a safety procedure that will help prevent loose and broken components and potential wheel offs Torque Wrench MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 33 AIR INFILTRATION Air infiltration is an inside out damage The air inside the tire is much higher 80 120 psi than atmospheric pressure Modern tubeless tires have a major advantage over a tube ty
61. ehicle components when making full turns 13 00 x 22 5 15 DEGREE WHEEL SPECIFICATIONS Manufacturer Material Part No Finish Weight Ibs Outset 10 hole stud located ball seat mounting 11 25 bolt hole circle NOTE The table provided is for reference only Wheel specific questions should be directed to the wheel manufacturer Accuride at www accuridecorp com Hayes Lemmerz at www hayes lemmerz com 10 Tire and Wheel Nomenclature AXLES AND WHEEL ENDS 12 15 Axle Identification Tags Load Ratings Use of 2 Outset Wheel with MICHELIN X One Tires Axle Track Widths Vehicle Track SPINDLES 16 OVERALL VEHICLE TRACK AND WIDTH 17 5 18 ENGINE 5 18 AIR INFLATION AND PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEMS 19 20 The Use of Pressure Monitoring and Inflation Systems with MICHELIN Truck Tires Central Tire Inflation Systems on Trailers and Missed Nail Holes TRUCK TYPE BY WEIGHT CLASS 21 22 MICHELIN X One Tires in 4x2 Applications Y MICHELIN 3 5 2 A better way forward AXLE IDENTIFICATION TAGS There are primarily three manufacturers of drive and trailer axles for the long haul highway market ArvinMeritor DANA and Hendrickson all supply trailer axles while only DANA and ArvinMeritor supply drive axles
62. er the flange Leave both irons in this position With the third iron walk through towards the center of the assembly This should remove the first bead from the wheel Remove the third bar and take additional bites if necessary to fully remove the first bead from the wheel Make sure to have adequate lubrication and use the irons correctly to eliminate tire and or wheel damage DEMOUNTING THE SECOND BEAD Now demount the second bead There are two methods to accomplish this task FIRST METHOD The first method is to position the tire wheel assembly upwards with the short side at twelve o clock Place smooth flat end of two irons under the tire bead and turn the irons to lock the lip against the flange of the wheel Carefully lower assembly using an up and down rocking motion and the tire will release from the wheel SECOND METHOD The second method for demounting the second bead is to lay the tire flat on the ground with the tire irons under the flange of the wheel and with a rocking motion disengage the wheel from the tire Some technicians find this method to be easier The methods described are the most common way of mounting and demounting MICHELIN X One tires using standard tire irons There is a variety of other hand tools and automated machines available through tire supply stores that accommodate MICHELIN X One tire products MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance Mismount occurs when the tire b
63. es If you use a dressing product to protect your tires from aging use extra care and caution Tire dressings that contain petroleum products alcohol or silicone will cause deterioration and or cracking and accelerate the aging process Be sure to refer to the protectant or dressing label contents to confirm that none of these harmful chemicals are present In many cases it is not the dressing itself that can be a problem but rather the chemical reaction that the product can have with the antioxidant in the tire Heat can make this problem worse When these same dressing products are used on a passenger car tire that is replaced every 3 to 4 years it is rare to see a major problem In many cases truck tires may last much longer due to higher mileage yields and subsequent retread lives and the chemical reaction takes place over a longer period MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance THE USE OF SEALANTS IN MICHELIN TRUCK TIRES The use of sealants in MICHELIN Truck Tires does not affect the tire warranty unless it is determined that the sealant has adversely affected the inner liner or the performance of the tires Prior to using any type of sealant Michelin strongly recommends that the customer make sure the sealant has been tested and certified by the sealant manufacturer as being safe for use in tires Please consult Michelin prior to using sealants in any MICHELIN tires that have sensors in them The sealant
64. es to carry these loads are shown in the charts for both single and dual mountings in the current MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWL40731 The maximum allowable continuous speed is also indicated SPECIAL TOOLS MOUNTING TOOLS Special tools are available to aid in the mounting and demounting of the MICHELIN X One tire on off the wheel and the MICHELIN X One assembly on off the vehicle Due to the size of the tire and wheel these tools will assist the tire technician in providing both safe and easy methods of removal and installation When removing any tire from a wheel you should use an Impact Bead Breaker Slide Hammer to prevent bead damage This is also a safer way to dislodge the tire beads from the wheel Impact Bead Breaker Slide Hammer AFTER YOU MOUNT THE MICHELIN X ONF TIRE ON THE WHEEL An extra wide safety cage is available for safe inflation of the tire In most cases a standard cage can accommodate the MICHELIN X One assembly DOT Department of Transportation requires that all truck tires are to be inflated in an inflation cage Tire changing can be dangerous and should be done only by trained personnel using proper tools and equipment as directed by Federal OSHA Standard No 29 CFR Part 1910 177 Tires may explode during inflation causing injury to operator or bystander Wear safety goggles Keep all parts of body outside cage Use extension hose clip on chuck and remote valve Con
65. etrofit of dual with MICHELIN X One tires can be summarized as follows Axle Type Spindle Type Wheel Recommendation 2 outset wheels en dmi 2 outset wheels Check with component manufacturer Many other axle and spindle combinations exist Contact axle manufacturer Drive axles Trailer axles Trailer axles Truck and trailer manufacturers may have different specifications For optimum track width stability and payload end users should talk to their trailer suppliers about the use of 83 5 axles with zero outset wheels A trailer specified with 83 5 inch axles is intended for single tire use Switching to dual tire configuration could exceed the legal maximum overall width of 102 End users that have retrofitted vehicles with 2 outset wheels should contact their respective vehicle axle or component manufacturers for specific application approvals or maintenance 0 O recommendations AXLES TRACK WIDTHS Three standard trailer axle track widths are available They are 71 5 77 5 and 83 5 A typical tandem drive axle track width is approximately 72 Check with the axle manufacturers for other sized options Axle width is measured from spindle end to spindle end the two widest points Axle track is a center to center distance between the dual or center of single tire to center of single tire 71 5 is a standard axle track width found on bulk and liquid tankers 77 5 is a standard axle
66. ewall are another indicator of run flat Feel for soft spots in the sidewall flex area Using an indirect light source helps identify sidewall irregularities by producing shadows at the ripples and bulges Look for protruding wire filaments indicating broken sidewall cords All patches should be inspected for lifting cracks splits and general condition Ripples or Bulges in the Sidewall Flex Area Patch Cracking Remove and repair all penetrating objects and If none of these conditions exist the Rubber check the beads for damage that may have occurred Manufacturers Association RMA suggests the during removal following procedure for returning the tire to service 1 Place the tire wheel assembly in an approved inflation safety cage Remain outside of the tire s trajectory Do not place hands in the safety cage while inspecting the tire or place head close to the safety cage After properly seating the beads with the valve core removed adjust the tire to 20 psi using a clip on air chuck with a pressure regulator and an extension hose 2 Inspect the mounted tire inflated to 20 psi for distortions or undulations ripples and or bulges Listen for popping sounds Penetrating Objects IF ANY OF THESE CONDITIONS ARE PRESENT THE TIRE SHOULD BE MADE UNUSABLE AND SCRAPPED If none of these conditions are present proceed to the next step 3 With the valve core still removed inflate the tire to 20 psi over the normal
67. f the rubber products The accelerated aging may result in a blowout during operation or it may render the casing unsuitable for retread The graph below demonstrates how operating with bead temperatures in excess of 200 F will significantly reduce your casing life CASING LIFE vs BEAD TEMPERATURE 400 i 350 5 5 300 E 250 UO 200 150 1 10 100 Casing Life hr 64 Operation and Handling 1 000 10 000 Bead damage as a result of brake heat is The third stage is when the casing ply fully recognizable in 3 stages of severity In the first stage unwraps from the bead In extreme cases the casing the bead starts to turn inward This can be visibly ply unwraps from the bead all the way around the identified on the tire when it is dismounted tire At this point the tire completely separates from A straight edge placed across the beads from one the bead wire The bead wire can entangle itself bead to the other no longer rests on the bead point around the axle if this type of separation occurs but now rests closer to the bead bearing area 1st Stage Turning of the Bead The second stage occurs when the rubber in the bead area starts to split or crack indicating that the steel casing plies are starting to unwrap ia 3rd Stage Complete Unwrapping of the Casing Ply 2nd Stage Bead Splitting from Heat Operation and Handling 65 BRAKE HEAT EVALUATION MICHELIN X ONE
68. ility and performance necessary in highly common carrier vocations aggressive operating conditions at limited speeds Vehicle annual mileage 80 000 to 200 000 Vocations such as construction mining and logging use these highly specialized tires Regional E The Regional application is made Vehicle annual mileage 10 000 to 70 000 up of businesses such as public utilities government federal state and local food distribution process Urban U Urban applications are very short mileage manufacturing process petroleum and schools with a high percentage of stop and go Primarily users are operating within a 300 mile radius in retail wholesale delivery bus fleets and sanitation Vehicle annual mileage 30 000 to 80 000 Vehicle annual mileage 20 000 to 60 000 Want to know how much money you can save by switching to MICHELIN tires Use our Weight Savings or Fuel Savings calculator to find out Go to www michelintruck com toolbox LONG HAUL HIGHWAY spud des ON OFF ROAD P amp D URBAN MICHELIN X One Fuel savings Weight Savings Even Wear 13 32nd MICHELIN X One XDA Fuel Efficient Long Tread Life 24 32nd 553915 NOLLWIIMddv MICHELIN X One XRV Exceptional Performance Long Tread Life 16 32nd MICHELIN X One XTE High Scrub Weight Savings Long Tread Life 16 32nd MICHELIN X One XDN2 Long Original Life Weight Savings All Weather Traction 27 32nd MICHELIN X
69. imping home is never recommended even on dual tires DOT Department of Transportation Regulation 393 75 states 393 75 Subpart G Miscellaneous Parts and Accessories 393 75 Tires a No motor vehicle shall be operated on any tire that 1 has body ply or belt material exposed through the tread or sidewall 2 has any tread or sidewall separation 3 is flat or has an au dible Teak or 4 has a cut to the extent that the ply or belt ma terial is exposed b Any tire on the front wheels of a bus truck or truck trac tor shall have a tread groove pattern depth of at least 732 ofan inch when measured at any point on a major tread groove The measurements shall not be made where tie bars humps or fil ets are located s c Except as provided in paragraph b of this section shall have a tread groove pattern depth of at least 732 of an in when measured in a major tread groove The measurement gt aana Tanant The following provides the top ten reasons not to limp home on any tire TOP REASONS NOT TO LIMP HOME 10 Pavement Damage when the tire is run to destruction the wheel contact damages the road 9 Wheel Damage hundreds of dollars 8 Destroyed Casing it may have otherwise been repairable hundreds of dollars 7 Cargo Damage load shifts collisions roll overs or fires 6 Collateral Truck Damage fairings tanks hoses brakes hoods mudflaps etc 5 Wheel and or Tire Detachmen
70. is point you can either send the tire to the trailer position or retread the casing For a detailed discussion on mismount please refer to the Runout and Match Mounting video from your Michelin Representative Maxi Mini Wear THERE ARE 3 EASY STEPS TO HELP MINIMIZE MISMOUNTED TIRES 1 Use a generous amount of tire lube Make sure that you only dilute the lube to the specifications of the manufacturer Some shops will try to dilute the lube additionally to save money This is a bad idea because the dollar or two you save on a bucket of lube won t be worth replacing a tire due to irregular wear caused from mismount or damaged beads UC C M 4 2 Inflate the assembly enough to seat the beads with the tire laying horizontally or parallel to the ground A good practice to follow that will ensure the tire beads are seated properly is to lay the tire and wheel horizontally on the ground or better yet use a 5 gallon bucket as a stand which will keep the bottom sidewall Five gallon bucket filled with weights from touching the ground The reason you want to seat the beads with the tire horizontal is that if the initial inflation is done with the tire and wheel standing vertically the weight of the wheel pushing down on the two beads must be overcome in order to center the wheel on the tire A MICHELIN X tire wheel weighs between 70 and 125 lbs and it can be very hard to overcome gravity if tire beads are
71. k knife situation Turning angles should be minimized to avoid rollover threshold whether operating with duals or MICHELIN WARNING X One tires Operation and Handling 61 NEVER exceed vehicle limitations because of improved handling A tire with a wider footprint is going to provide increased lateral stability when cornering As a result of this increased lateral stability the truck will have a tendency to lean less in turns The increased lateral stability should not equate to increased speed Always obey posted speed limits on the highways and curves A good rule of thumb for vehicles with high rollover thresholds i e tankers concrete mixers is to take the curves at the posted limit less 10 mph RAPID AIR LOSS PROCEDURE Even though the MICHELIN X One tire is an innovative product it still requires proper air pressure maintenance and visual inspection practices Tire failure can and will occur Below you will find a handy reference of the procedure to bring the vehicle to a safe stop following a rapid air loss event Indications Some or all of the following may apply No change in handling Slight lean depending on wheel position Vibrations Audible noise when rapid air loss occurs Immediate Actions Accelerate enough to maintain lane position DO NOT apply brakes immediately Do not apply maximum brake pressure to bring the vehicle to a stop This stop should be gr
72. lief among fleet maintenance technicians is that bearings do not fail or wear out in normal service unless subjected to loss of lubricant excessive endplay or excessive preload Using standard bearings with a 2 wheel outset on a N type spindle arrangement does reduce the L10a bearing life expectancy Bearing manufacturers offer enhanced bearings for trailer and drive axle applications that provide L10a life with 2 outset single wheels near that of conventional bearings with dual wheels These bearings have an extra roller with a slightly different contact geometry between the cup and cone and are machined to tighter tolerances and a smoother surface finish Tire revolutions and axle ratio are inputs to the Engine Control Module ECM to manage road speed Changing from dual to MICHELIN X tires may require changing the Tire Revolutions per Mile Tire Revs Mile value in the ECM in order to ensure speed distance and fuel economy are accurate per indications Reference the MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWLA0731 for proper Tire Revs Mile values for the MICHELIN X One tires you chose Truck Technical Specifications Timken s 454 Series wheel bearings e One bearing for Dual and Wide Singles Specially designed to handle the 2 outset loads Allows consistency within fleet Provides flexibility of wheel arrangements e Compatible with industry standard components Use with popular axle and hub design
73. lity and payload end users should talk to their trailer suppliers about the use of 83 5 axles with zero outset wheels End users that have retrofitted vehicles with 2 outset wheels should contact their respective vehicle axle or component manufacturers for specific application approvals or maintenance recommendations NOTE Use of outset wheels may change Gross Axle Weight Rating GAWR Consult vehicle and component manufacturer DROP CENTERS The Drop Center is the well or center portion of the wheel This is what allows the tire to be easily mounted on a single piece wheel the tire bead will drop into this cavity The 14 00 x 22 50 15 degree bead seat drop center tubeless wheel required for the MICHELIN X One tire has differently styled drop centers depending on the manufacturer Accuride aluminum part 29660 and steel wheels as well as Hayes Lemmerz steel wheels are produced with a narrow ledge on one side and a long tapered ledge on the other The narrow ledge is necessary to ease the mounting and dismounting process The Alcoa aluminum wheel is manufactured with a narrow ledge on either side This allows it to be mounted and dismounted from either side Accuride N WARNING Always ensure the narrow ledge is up when mounting or demounting Alcoa VALVE SYSTEMS Always replace the whole valve assembly when a new tire is mounted Ensure the valve stem is installed using the proper to
74. low on the right run at 80 or less of normal operating pressure reveals the broken casing ply cords If re inflated this tire will experience a rapid loss Normal Operating Pressure The cold inflation of air with explosive force Zipper ruptures can and pressure required to support a given load as have resulted in serious injuries and death recommended by the tire manufacturer s data book Zipper Rupture This condition is a circumferential rupture in the flex zone of the sidewall This damage is associated with underinflation and or overloading Any moisture that is permitted to reach ply cords will cause corrosion which can also result in a zipper rupture X ray Photo of Broken Cords on Unruptured Casing Circumferential Rupture of Casing Ply or Zipper Rupture MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance You should always use an accurate pressure gauge to determine the pressure inside the tire Running the MICHELIN X One tire helps provide an additional visual identification of significantly underinflated tires Compare the difference between the MICHELIN X One tire at 30 psi and the inside dual at 30 psi Since many fleets run pressures higher than the recommended values in the manufacturer s data book it can be confusing as to when a tire should be considered run flat A conservative approach would be to use 8096 of the fleet s operating pressure as described in the table below MICHELIN X
75. loyer Copyright 2009 Michelin North America Inc All rights reserved The Michelin Man is a registered trademark owned by Michelin North America Inc MWL43101 05 09 y CG 2 9 MICHELIN CS Ame A better way forward
76. maintained just like its dual equipped counterpart Due to the complexity of today s trucks this can be an overwhelming task By addressing the primary causes of the most common tire wear issues we can simplify this process The following 4 step approach attacks the major sources of tire wear alignment wear and vibration 1 Air Pressure 1 cause of irregular wear issues Pages 45 46 2 Toe 1 cause of alignment related wear issues 3 Axle Skew 2 cause of alignment related wear issues 4 Radial and Lateral Runout 1 cause of vibration related issues All 4 steps can be performed at the fleet level and require a minimal investment for tools and training For more detailed information on alignment refer to TMC RP 642A Total Vehicle Alignment Recommendations for Maximizing Tire and Alignment Related Component Life For more detailed information on runout and balance refer to TMC RP 214 Tire Wheel End Balance and Runout TOE Toe is the 1 cause of alignment related tire wear generally affecting the steer position It is also a parameter that can be checked and adjusted easily Toe In Distance Between Rear of Tires Distance Between Front of Tires Total Toe If the value is a negative number rear measurement less than the front then you have Toe Out If the value is a positive number front measurement less than rear then you have Toe In TION in a shop environment With the vehicle jacked up an
77. may adversely affect the performance of the sensors Michelin has jointly tested a non aqueous sealant for use in its regional urban sanitation and on off road tires It was determined that the sealant was both safe and effective in helping to reduce air loss as a result of punctures Non aqueous means the sealant contains little or no water Actual sealant testing using the Karl Fisher Method ASTM 6304 weight percent indicated a water content of less than 3 Since the sealant is non aqueous it does not promote the oxidation rusting of the steel cables when a puncture does occur In order to remain water free it is important that once the container is opened during usage it is resealed after use and stored in an air conditioned space if possible This will prevent the absorption of moisture from the atmosphere LOOSE AND LEAKY VALVE STEMS Whether they are new or have been in use over a period of time valve stems can become loose It is recommended that you verify torque on all wheels put into service When installed they should be torqued using the proper tool at 80 to 125 in Ibs 7 to 11 ft Ibs for aluminum wheels and 35 to 55 in Ibs 3 to 5 ft Ibs for steel wheels Checking for loose and leaky valve stems should be made a part of your regular maintenance schedule Methods for checking for loose valve stems check with a torque wrench check by hand to see if the valve nut is loose
78. more resistant to rollover Lower the center of gravity Increase your track width 0 Ou The MICHELIN X tire does both First the loaded radius of the 445 50R22 5 MICHELIN X One XDN 7 tire is 18 7 A 275 80R22 5 MICHELIN XDN 2 tire dual equivalent loaded radius is 18 9 See chart below For every inch you lower the Center of Gravity you gain 3 mph additional safety factor with regard to rollover threshold Second the track width is measured at the center of where the load is distributed on the ground For dual this would be measured at the center of the space between the dual For the MICHELIN X One tire it is simply measured from the center of the left side tire to the center of the right side tire As you can see even though the overall width has reduced the track width has increased on the MICHELIN X One tire ROLLOVER THRESHOLD WITH TIRE SIZE In summary the MICHELIN X One tire 0 42 improves rollover threshold by increasing cornering stiffness increasing track width and 0 40 reducing the center of gravity 0 38 These improvements have been validated with 1 Computer simulation where the whole 5 0 36 vehicle is characterized mathematically 2 Track testing at our internal proving grounds e 0 34 3 OE vehicle manufacturers in their independent testing including tilt table testing 2 275 80R22 5 385 65R22 5 425 65R22 5 445 65R22 5 445 50R22 5 Source Re
79. mounting assemblies Mounting tools can include traditional T 45 irons wide base Golden tool and approved mounting machines Ensure a good area is available to perform your tire work Floor mats or pads would be beneficial Make certain all components the tire wheel and valve are identified as correct for the assembly Inspect each component for any damages and or conditions that would render it unserviceable and replace item if necessary Mounting Tools Work Area 24 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance WHEEL PREPARATION Make sure the wheel is clean of rust and debris and the mounting surface is smooth Damaged and leaky valve stems O rings and grommets must be replaced You should include in your tire mounting procedures replacing the valve with a new one for every mount to safeguard against any possible used valve O ring issues Ensure the valve stem is installed using the proper torque value 80 125 in lbs 7 11 ft lbs for aluminum wheels and 35 55 in lbs 3 5 ft Ibs for tubeless steel wheels INSPECTING FOR DAMAGES A safety reminder prior to mounting a new tire check for any signs of damage from shipping or storage to the sidewalls inner liner or beads For a used repaired retreaded tire check for signs of low inflation pressure or run flat conditions on the inner liner marbling wrinkles and discoloration Also inspect the bead areas for damage and if a repair s is noted inspect to make
80. n adjust and or modify to insure complete imaging shoulder to shoulder per equipment manufacturer Also make sure the correct vacuum level is applied BUFFING An expandable rim width of 14 5 inches is required The beads of the casing should be lubricated with a fast drying non petroleum based tire lubricant Buffing should not start before casing reaches target pressure in the expandable rim as defined by your retread process manufacturer Recommended minimum inflation pressure is 1 2 bars or 18 psi Recommended tread width ranges are given below and may vary depending on the type and condition of the MICHELIN X One casing The MICHELIN X One casing s finished buffed measured width should follow the same standards as other casings no more than 2 mm less than the tread width and no more than 8 mm more than tread width 54 Retread and Repair Recommendations AND REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS AFTER BUFF INSPECTION If after buffing multiple circumferential cracks or splits remain in one or both shoulders of the tire in the vicinity of the outside tread groove Picture 1 the casing should be rejected This should not be confused with a 360 degree product interface line that sometimes is visible after buff Picture 2 If this line is visible it should be probed and if found to be loose material the casing should be rejected If it is tight continue the retread process Picture Picture 2 TREAD BUILDING Exp
81. nation Identical vehicles may appear in different vehicle weight classes This is because of a difference in the components installed in each vehicle such as engines transmissions rear axles and even tires that are not readily discernible in the external appearance of those particular vehicles Truck Technical Specifications 21 RECOMMENDATION FOR USE OF MICHELIN X ONE TIRES IN 4x2 APPLICATIONS 4x2 Articulated Vehicles Handling studies have indicated that for certain types of commercial single axle 4x2 tractors pulling trailers handling may be degraded in the event of a rapid air loss when fitted with single tires Michelin recommends that single axle tractors fitted with MICHELIN X One tires on the driven axle always be equipped with an Electronic Stability Program ESP 4x2 Straight Chassis Vehicles Testing has indicated that handling of 4x2 straight chassis vehicles fitted with single tires on the drive axle may be degraded in the event of a rapid air loss especially when coupled with panic braking Class 6 and 7 straight trucks fitted with MICHELIN X One tires should also be equipped with anti lock brake system ABS and or ESP Such degradation in handling has 22 Truck Technical Specifications been observed both in curve lane change and straight line driving Michelin still maintains that all types of motor vehicles can be controlled in the event of a rapid air loss under normal legal
82. o stay in service for an additional 2 32 of wear It is a good safety net for ensuring you meet DOT minimum requirements and also for the casing that becomes more susceptible to stone drilling penetrations or cuts Additionally there are also some visual clues that are molded into every MICHELIN X One tire to alert you to pull points Shoulder Scallops RN ee aaya hed Mold Line All MICHELIN X One tires have built in scallops or small indentations right on the shoulder edge The bottom of this scallop corresponds with the normal wearing surface of the tread Therefore when you wear down to the bottom of this indentation it is time to remove the tire for retreading Additionally there is a circumferential raised line just below the bottom of the scallops This is where the tread mold meets the sidewall mold and the rule of thumb if using this indicator as a reference is to pull the tire when the wear reaches 1 4 ABOVE this line Also there are 2 32 wear bars molded into the tread on all MICHELIN X One tires When these become level with the tread they are visual 50 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance indicators that it is legally time to pull a drive or trailer tire Care should be taken to not take tread depth measurements at the wear bars Their placement is indicated on the sidewall shoulder by a miniature Michelin Man Don t Measure T
83. oads You should always select a pressure that will adequately support the loads your fleet encounters as defined in the MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWL40731 Overinflation of your MICHELIN X One tires will not only reduce your footprint but can adversely affect handling wear and ride characteristics Overinflating your tires may also result in exceeding the wheel s maximum pressure 120 PSI FOOTPRINT OVERLAID ON 100 PSI FOOTPRINT The photo below demonstrates what occurs to the footprint when you overinflate the same tire to 120 psi The overinflated footprint s length and width are reduced black footprint when compared to 100 psi footprint gray footprint Shoulder 33 mm Center 13 mm MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 37 Tire pressure maintenance advice for users of the pressures must not be lower than indicated in the new MICHELIN X One wide single truck tires tables below for actual axle loads For additional information please consult the MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWLA0731 2 A10 psi incremental change in tire inflation can alleviate most wear forms derived from vehicle The MICHELIN X One family of truck tires is designed to replace dual assemblies on drive and trailer positions in over the road applications Proper air pressure maintenance is critical to obtain optimized performance from these tires Due to the unique casing design of the MICHELIN X One tires traditional air
84. ontact pressure at the edge of the tread which pressure exceeds the contact pressure between the provides a wider sweet spot than dual tires In the tire and the road graph below you can see that the contact pressure is slightly higher in the center and significantly higher at the shoulders over dual fitments Note the drop in contact pressure for dual tires on the graph below For example the contact pressure of a dual tire is about 90 psi compared to 116 psi for a MICHELIN X One tire This will result in the dual tire losing contact with the road at lower speed than the MICHELIN X One tire This means if hydroplaning occurs at 60 mph for the MICHELIN X One tire it will occur at 53 mph on the dual Factors that increase likelihood of hydroplaning Contact Pressure Ratio V 90 116 88 Excess water Or Excessive speed 60 mph x 0 88 53 mph Low tread depth High tire pressure Light loads or bob tailing In other words if rain is pouring down and water is pooling the truck s speed needs to decrease in order to avoid hydroplaning 1 000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 CORN Dual Tire 1 100 Michelin X One Tire 0 Dual Tire 2 1 1 3 5 7 9 1 Rib Number Source Recent evaluations at a MICHELIN facility in South Carolina Operation and Handling 59 ROLLOVER THRESHOLD There are two things you can change to make a 77 5 Track Width vehicle
85. ormance of the tires so it is important to make sure the system can maintain the pressures needed and or can detect accurately when the pressures are outside of the normal operating range s for the loads being carried e It is the responsibility of the system manufacturer to ensure that the tires are inflated as rapidly as possible to the optimal operating pressure in order to prevent internal damage to the tires e Michelin strongly urges the customer to put the responsibility on the system s manufacturer to prove and support their claims In addition to the foregoing please refer to the MICHELIN Truck Tire Warranty Manual MWE40021 for a general discussion of what is and is not covered by the warranty Truck Technical Specifications CENTRAL TIRE INFLATION SYSTEMS ON TRAILERS AND MISSED NAIL HOLES Central Tire Inflation CTI systems on trailers can sometimes make slow leaks caused by nails or other small objects penetrating the crown area of the tire undetectable A slow leak can be compensated for by the air inflation system The warning light of the CTI system will only come on if the pressure in the tire drops below a certain percent usually 10 of the regulated preset pressure Even when the pressure drops below this point the light will go off if the system is able to restore and maintain the preset pressure The tires on trailers with CTI systems should be visually inspected before and after use and any imbedded o
86. oted mounting system Most North American manufacturers of highway trucks tractors and trailers which incorporate the hub piloted wheel mounting system require wheel studs and 2 piece flange nuts with metric threads Most frequently these are M22 x 1 5 Before installing 2 piece flange nuts apply 2 drops of SAE Society of Automotive Engineers 30W oil to the last 2 or 3 threads at the end of each stud and 2 drops to a point between the nuts and flanges This will help ensure that the proper clamping force is achieved when final torque is reached Lubrication is not necessary with new hardware To aid in installation and removal of aluminum wheels some wheel manufacturers recommend lubricating the hub bore and or pilot pads Check with your wheel manufacturer for additional direction Note When retrofitting a dual equipped tractor with steel wheels to an aluminum wheel with MICHELIN X One tire it may be necessary to install longer studs to obtain proper thread engagement of the nut This is due to the aluminum wheel s disc face being approximately 1 4 thicker than two steel wheels in dual Lubricate Here Torque Sequence Both stud piloted and hub piloted wheel systems use the same torque sequence Tighten the flange nuts to 50 foot pounds using the sequence shown Check the disc wheel for positioning on the pilots and proper seating against the drum face Tighten to 450 to 500 foot pounds using sequence shown After 50 to 100
87. pe tire When a tube type tire is punctured it only takes seconds to become flat A tubeless tire may take weeks or months for the air to escape this is because the inner liner airtight lining is integral to the tire One issue with tubeless tires is that even though they may take a long time to go flat the air is still trying to get out As the high pressure air makes its way back through the puncture channel it can separate products within the tire The cause of air infiltration can be from e nail or other puncture objects left in the tire bad repair bead damage from mounting dismounting e anything that has caused the innerliner to become damaged A dual tire can show this effect on the upper sidewall bead area or between crown belts Nine times out of ten though it will be in the upper sidewall and manifest itself as a flap or smiley face MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance A more severe form of air infiltration on dual tires results in belt separation and subsequent rapid air loss Just as the MICHELIN X One tire reacts differently to air pressure settings it also reacts differently to air infiltration The usual effect of air infiltration on an MICHELIN X One tire can be seen between the top or protector ply and the tread rubber Air infiltration always results in removing the tire from service dual or wide single however not having belt separation or large sidewall ruptures coul
88. pecifications for balancing Specifications for X One tires See TMC RP 214C Tire Wheel End Balance and Runout Appendix B for more details on balance Steer 24 oz Drive 28 oz Trailer 28 oz Tools Required A static or dynamic wheel balancer and adapters to accommodate the larger MICHELIN X One tire and wheel assembly When troubleshooting a ride disturbance it is standard practice to check the balance Due to the major impact runout has on balance we recommend that you always check radial and lateral runout prior to attempting to balance the assembly MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 49 When setting a fleet standard for tread depth pull points there is more to consider than just the legal DOT Department of Transportation minimum tread depths of 4 32 steer and 2 32 drive and trailer Most fleets who retread or even sell their casings to dealers or other fleets who do retread will generally choose a tread depth of 5 32 or greater to help ensure that the casing has the best chance of passing inspection One reason they choose this higher than legal minimum depth is that they know that even if they set it at 5 32 there will be some tires that slip through and may not be removed until 2 32 or 3 32 later In other words if a tire that should be pulled for fleet spec of 5 32 stays in service a little longer it won t be as big an issue as the tire that was supposed to be pulled at 3 32 and continued t
89. read Depth Here Michelin Man Sidewall Indicator In order to fight irregular and fast wear traditional dual tires need to be matched within 4 32 tread depth or 1 4 in diameter and within 10 psi MICHELIN X One tires remove this extra maintenance burden However all tires dual or wide single should be within 4 32 intra axle across the axle and inter axle axle to axle groupings for proper engine and braking functions and to reduce wear and tear on axle differentials Finally some fleets find that it may be better to pull drive tires at around 10 32 and move to a trailer position If you are running in mud snow or other low traction situations this may be a great way to address traction concerns Experience shows that worn drive tires perform exceedingly well in trailer positions Within 4 32nds DIESEL FUEL CONTAMINATION Diesel fuel and other petroleum based products can cause blistering swelling or a spongy condition Swelling is typically seen in the tread and blistering is typically seen on the sidewall The odor of the petroleum based product may be evident The rubber will also be softer than another part of the tire with no petrol damage Generally it may be 30 40 points softer on the shore hardness gauge If these conditions are seen or experienced scrap the tire Swellings in the Tread Sidewall Contamination CLEANING AND PROTECTION Soap and water is the best solution to cleaning tir
90. recommended operating pressure During this step if any of above conditions appear immediately stop inflation DO NOT EXCEED MAXIMUM PRESSURE SPECIFICATION FOR THE WHEEL 4 Before removing the tire wheel assembly from the safety cage reduce the inflation pressure to the recommended normal operating pressure Remain outside of the tire s trajectory zone Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard 1910 177 requires all tubeless and tube type medium and large truck tires be inflated using a restraining device or barrier e g safety cage that conforms to OSHA standards and using a clip on chuck with a pressure regulator and an extension hose MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 43 MICHELIN X ONE TIRES LOAD AND INFLATION TABLES To determine the proper load inflation table always refer to the markings on the sidewall for maximum load at cold pressure Contact your MICHELIN dealer for tires with maximum loads and pressures other than indicated here Load and inflation industry standards are in a constant state of change Michelin continually updates its product information to reflect these changes Therefore printed material may not reflect the current load and inflation information NOTE Never exceed the wheel manufacturer s maximum air pressure limitation S Single configuration 2 tires per axle MAXIMUM LOAD AND 22 5 kPa 520 550 590 620 660 690 720 760 790 830 860 PRESSURE ON IBEW ST 44
91. rque value 80 to 125 in Ibs 7 to 11 ft Ibs for aluminum wheels and 35 to 55 in Ibs 3 to 5 ft Ibs for tubeless steel wheels When an aluminum wheel is used in the outset position a TR543E or TR553E valve degree bend can be used This valve has a 75 degree bend that facilitates taking air pressures If the valve stem is installed on the inboard side of the wheel ensure proper clearance exists between the brake drum and the valve stem It is highly recommended that the older style valve stems be replaced with the newer style TR553E to minimize corrosion build up thereby minimizing stem leaks TR553E Valve left and TR543E right When installed in the inset position the longer TR545E valve is required TR545E Valve If the operator uses the wheel as a step when securing the load a straight TR542 valve may be preferable An angle head pressure gauge will be required to check air pressure but it may still be difficult due to interference with the hub m TR542 Valve Per TMC RP 234 Proper Valve Hardware Selection Guidelines it is recommended that an anti corrosive or dielectric compound be used on the valve stem threads and O rings prior to installation This will prevent corrosion from growing around the O ring which squeezes it and causes leaks Check with your aluminum wheel manufacturer or valve stem supplier for their recommendation of an anti corrosive compound Note Corrosion On Bottom Valve
92. rts or consult trailer OE Trailer Rotation Irregular wear on the inside shoulder of trailer tires can be rectified by flipping the tire on the wheel where the inner shoulder becomes the outside shoulder Criss cross rotation may also be helpful depending upon Ist and 2nd trailer axle wear rates Brake Skid Condition Code 176 Appearance A tire with brake drag is characterized by localized abrasion or flat spot if severe If left in service it may continue to grow across the face of the tread Probable Cause Tractor trailer moved prior to system air pressure building up sufficiently to release parking brakes resulting in dragging the tires or driver over using hand or trailer brake Analysis Correction Review driver tractor trailer hook up and departure instructions The fleet yard mule driver can be a factor If they are in a hurry to move trailers they may pull away before the air pressure has built up sufficiently to release the brakes If the flat spotting is minor leave the tire in service If tire induces vibration has exposed steel or is lower than the minimum required tread depth remove the tire from service Even vehicles equipped with anti lock brake systems ABS can experience flat spotting depending on the number and placement of sensors and modulators used 46 MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance INTRODUCTION In order to maximize tire life the MICHELIN X One tire equipped truck needs to be
93. s Can retrofit onto existing equipment For more information on the Timken 454 Series wheel bearings visit The Timken Company at www timken com IMPORTANT Some wheel bearing assemblies have warranties that may be voided when the wheel ends are disassembled Contact your axle and or suspension component supplier before removing any wheel end components Cone Cup MileMate Set N Trailer Outer NP454049 NP454011 Set 440 N Trailer Inner NP454248 NP454210 Set 441 R Drive Outer 454580 NP454572 Set 442 454594 NP454592 Set 443 P Trailer Inner amp Outer NP454445 NP454410 Set 444 454 Series is a trademark of The Timken Company Timken and MileMate are the registered trandemarks of The Timken Company See www timken com 454wheelbearing for Limited Warranty information FUEL ECONOMY To accurately determine fuel efficiency gains from switching to MICHELIN X One tires it is recommended that SAE Society of Automotive Engineers Fuel Test J1376 be conducted to verify the values determined by the engine computer New EGR Exhaust Gas Recirculation engines may use diesel fuel to clean the DPF Diesel Particulate Filter When checking fuel usage please be aware of the additional fuel used during regeneration of the DPE Proper inflation pressure is critical to the overall performance of all tires on the road today Today s radial truck tires will lose less than one psi per month due
94. s close proximity to the brake drum The wheel then directly conducts heat to the tire bead resulting in elevated temperatures in the tire bead area Duals Close to Brake Drum Excessive bead heat can affect tire life in many truck tire applications Vehicles in urban and refuse service are most commonly associated with bead heat issues but any application that experiences hard braking can be affected Results of bead heat 1 Immediate Failure In some cases after periods of hard braking where brake drums reach very high temperatures in excess of 600 F immediate failure can occur This normally occurs when a truck is brought to a stop for a period of time with very high brake temperatures Often this occurs when an over the road truck stops at a truck stop at the bottom of a long descent As the heat rises from the brake drum there is excessive heat buildup in the portion of the tire bead directly above the brake drum inner bead of inside dual The high temperature can cause a breakdown of the rubber products in the bead area and allow the steel body cables to unwrap from the bead This process results in a tire rapid air loss This phenomenon is also common in urban and refuse fleets when the driver stops for a break after a period of hard braking 2 Premature aging of the carcass Heat is a tire s worst enemy A tire subjected to high heat conditions over an extended period of time will experience accelerated aging o
95. saber one PUER tees MWL41924 MICHELIN X One Driver Information MWL42987 Technical Bulletins www michelintruck com CDs DVDs MICHELIN X One Tire Presentation eee ee es MWVA2737 MICHELIN X One Tire Driver Information DVD eee RR ers MWVA2991 MICHELIN tires and tubes are subject to a continuous development program Michelin North America Inc reserves the right to change product specifications at any time without notice or obligation Please consult rim manufacturer s load and inflation limits Never exceed rim manufacturer s limits without permission of component manufacturer i 2 Y 9 A MICHELIM Y A better way forward Pressure Maintenance Drivers have commented that an under inflated MICHELIN X One tire is more likely to be detected with a simple visual inspection than dual tires However pressure is difficult to gauge visually even for the most experienced driver A Do use a properly calibrated gauge when verifying the air pressure of a MICHELIN X One tire A Don t rely on the appearance of the tire A Do remove and inspect any tire found to be 2096 below the recommended air pressure Failure to do so may cause tire failure Check it out Vehicle Handling Drivers have commented that the wide stable footprint of the MICHELIN X One tire can provide the feel of a much more stable
96. se described as push or pushing as the front end condition as the truck feels like the rear end is feels like it is plowing off of a corner coming around Over steer Very Difficult to Correct Under steer Very Easy to Correct Over steer is dangerous because once the rear end comes around the vehicle is uncontrollable and may enter a spin Braking only makes this condition worse Under steer is the more desirable condition because you have direct control over the front tires and deceleration usually corrects the condition The MICHELIN X One tire has a higher cornering stiffness and can generate more lateral force than standard dual drive tires Increasing cornering stiffness of the rear tires promotes under steer Additionally it will take more force to jack knife the vehicle CORNERING STIFFNESS FOR DIFFERENT TIRES 7 000 6 000 5 000 2 un Q 4 000 c E EN V 3 000 o c 2 000 U 1 000 MICHELIN X One Tire Two Dual 0 _ Conventional Wide Base 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 40 000 45 000 50 000 Normal Force N Source Recent evaluations at a MICHELIN facility in South Carolina 58 Operation and Handling Contact Pressure HYDROPLANING A tire s contact pressure can reduce your chance of Hydroplaning occurs when the tire loses contact hydroplaning The MICHELIN X One tire has higher with the road This can happen when the water c
97. se in tire radius will increase tractive torque and increase indicated speed An increase in tire radius will reduce tractive torque and decrease indicated speed Tire Revs Mile Speed Size These factors can affect engine RPM if corresponding changes are not made to engine ratios Example Going from larger diameter tire to smaller diameter tire If you currently run a 275 80R22 5 MICHELIN XDN 2 tire 511 Tire Revs Mile and change to a 445 50R22 5 MICHELIN X One XDN 2 tire 515 Tire Revs Mile the speedometer will indicate a slightly higher speed than the actual speed the vehicle is traveling Final Tire Revs Mile Initial Tire Revs Mile Initial Tire Revs Mile 515 511 0 0078 or 78 196 change 511 So when your actual speed is 60 mph your speedometer will read 60 47 mph Plant DOT Dual Tire Revs Mile MICHELIN X One Tire Revs Mile 445 50R22 5 515 X One XDN2 275 80R22 5 511 XDN2 11R22 5 or 455 55R22 5 492 X One XDN2 275 80R24 5 495 XDN2 DOT SIDEWALL MARKINGS All new tires sold in the United States must have a DOT Department of Transportation number cured into the lower sidewall All retreaded tires must also have an additional DOT branded into the sidewall It is recommended that the retread DOT be placed in the lower sidewall near the original DOT code Certain states may require labeling in addition to the Federal requirements certifying compliance with the Industry Stand
98. sult the MICHELIN Truck Tire Data Book MWLA0732 for proper inflation Safety Cage with MICHELIN X One Tire Appendix TOOLS FOR HANDLING THE Some people have difficulty standing on the tire MICHELIN X ONE TIRE ASSEMBLY using conventional mounting techniques and good Tire and wheel dollies are available from commercial devices to help hold the bead in place without tire supply companies to make the mounting and damaging the wheel are coated bead keepers shown removing of the assemblies on off of the vehicle easier here There are various types to choose Bead Keepers A tire dolly may provide the lifting assistance to mount or remove the MICHELIN X One tire assembly which may help to avoid possible injury Special Cart for Removing Stuck Wheels Tire Dolly 74 Appendix INDEX A 4X2 TAC IOUS a 2d doe 233 33 9 3 3 dens ocak dada dames 22 CEL UCL TOT 4 8 10 Air Infiltration 10 34 35 AIT LOSS oe Inside cover 5 24 26 34 41 52 62 64 Air Pressure Inside cover 5 10 20 31 34 36 39 44 47 62 Eo PTEE T 4 8 9 CIN BELGE IR EE 46 48 Aluminum Wheels 4 9 24 49 52 60 Application i 3 4 6 8 14 15 18 21 22 38 46 55 56 62 64 71 72 ANOM O L eter aaah 12 14
99. sure it s in good condition If the tire is deemed ready for service lubricate both beads of the tire and the wheel e PR E ERR EE n ns 1 Pr Sea a m fy 1 j 5 P X Meis T B n a a 3 4 a Tome E z B LUBRICATING THE TIRE AND WHEEL When applying lubricant to the wheel lubricate the entire wheel surface from flange to flange Apply a liberal amount lubricating both components will assist in the ease of the mount and will ensure proper seating of the beads on the wheel Lubricating the Tire Lubricating the Wheel Padded bead keepers can be useful during the mounting process by keeping the bead fixed on the flange thus avoiding the need to keep a foot in place MOUNTING THE MICHELIN X ONE TIRE The tire should be mounted and inflated before the lubricant dries With the wheel short side up narrow side lay the tire over the wheel at the valve side and work it on with proper tubeless tire tools making full use of the drop center well when using a 1 45 iron use the curved end with a ledge Using same iron and method mount the second bead When mounting the second bead keep one foot in place to keep the bead seated and move the other foot around the tire as each part of the bead is seated to keep it in place MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 25
100. t if the tire wheel become detached they become a projectile 4 Adverse Handling Conditions mishandled a run flat could lead to a jack knife or even a roll over 3 Direct D O T Violation fines and downtime 2 Creating assembly lock up can cause irrepairable damage to tire wheel axle components and vehicle 1 Endangers Other Vehicles and People heavy duty truck accidents can be fatal STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS Some states have enacted Load Per Inch Width regulations for the purpose of governing axle weight on primarily the steering axle of commercial vehicles These regulations provide a carrying capacity of a certain number of pounds per each cross sectional inch across the tire s width The determination of the tire s width can vary from state to state but presumably would be based upon either the tire manufacturer s published technical data for overall width or the width as marked on the sidewall of the tire which may require conversion from Metric to English units It is recommended to contact your state s DOT office to confirm the current Load Per Inch Width law For example if a state allows for 550 pounds per inch width a tire marked 445 50R22 5 could carry up to 9 636 pounds 17 52 x 550 or a total of 19 272 pounds on the drive axle 2 x 9636 Another way to look at it is to take the total weight carried and divide by the stated Load Per Inch Width law to determine the appropriate size tire
101. the casing and point A is also 75 mm from B but is located on the exterior of the casing Sidewall Damage Crown Damage Bead Damage Interior Damage Retread and Repair Recommendations 55 REPAIR RECOMMENDATIONS Type of Repair Application Quantity Limits Size Limits ee Spot Repair no body ply affected All Max 4 per bead Ss cee s mm 6 in irs 7 f Bead Repairs in distance between repairs 75 mm 3 in rubber damage only Severe Service olmi L 2 mm x W 50 1 16 in x 2 in bead toe repair only Min distance between repairs 75 mm 3 in Bead Repairs All Maca wer head L 25 mm x W 55 mm 1 in x 2 in chafer strip P Min distance between repairs 75 mm 3 in If blister diameter is less than 5 mm 3 76 in leave intact repair between 5 mm 3 16 in Liner Repairs No limit and 20 mm 3 4 in If blister diameter is more than 20 mm 3 4 in reject casing Max diameter 40 mm 1 6 in Max surface 1600 mm 2 5 ir protector ply and 3rd working ply Max diameter 40 mm 7 6 in Severe Service Max 60 per tire Max surface 1600 mine 2 5 1n3 Max diameter 30 mm 7 2 in Buzzouts Long Haul P amp D Fue 3i pev tirs Max surface 900 mm 1 4 in 2nd working ply Infinicoil Max diameter 30 mm 7 2 in Nail Hole Repairs Max 5 per tire Max diameter 10 mm 0 4 in Crown Max diameter 25 mm 1 0 in Section Repairs All Max 2 per tire Sidewall L 70 mm x W 25 mm 2 8 in x 1 0 in L
102. tions and Design SELECTING WHEEL rrt be ata 4 5 Outset Inset Drop Centers Valve Systems WHEEL rta aera se vta nea e 6 8 Steel vs Aluminum Stud Piloted Wheels Special Fasteners Hub Piloted Wheels Torque Proper Fastener for MICHELIN X One Tire Steel Stud Piloted Wheels WHEEL SPECIFICATIONS 9 10 14 00 x 22 5 15 Degree Drop Center Wheel Specifications Special Provision for Steer Axle Use on 13 00 x 22 5 Wheels 13 00 x 22 5 15 Degree Wheel Specifications Truck Technical Specificatione 11 24 AXLES AND WHEEL 12 15 Axle Identification Tags Load Ratings Use of 2 Outset Wheel with MICHELIN X One Tires Axle Track Widths Vehicle Track SPINDLES 16 OVERALL VEHICLE TRACK AND WIDTH 17 BEARINGS nner P T m 18 ENGINE COMPUTERS sss 18 AIR INFLATION AND PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEMS 19 20 The Use of Pressure Monitoring and Inflation Systems with MICHELIN Truck Tires Central Tire Inflation CTI Systems on Trailers and Missed Nail Holes TRUCK TYPE BY WEIGHT 55 21 22 MICHELIN X One Tires in 4x2 Application MICHELIN X One Tire Maintenance 23 52 MICHELIN X O
103. to air migration through the casing Faster loss of inflation can only occur in conjunction with some sort of leak in the wheel valve stem or tire structure Whatever the source of the leak it must be identified and corrected to avoid further damage to that component possibly leading to a compromise in safety AVAILABLE SYSTEMS Tire pressure monitoring systems have been legislated for all vehicles by the TREAD Act Transportation Recall Enhancement Accountability and Documentation The implementation schedule is in place for vehicles with gross vehicle weight GVW below 10 000 lbs but is yet to be determined for heavier vehicles The existing systems read the pressure in the tire via a sensor mounted on the valve stem wheel or inside the tire Sensors that are not physically inside the tire wheel cavity cannot accurately measure the internal air temperature so are they unable to determine the cold inflation pressure In addition external sensors may require additional air line plumbing that creates additional potential leak points Monitoring systems may provide either pressure data or a low pressure warning The pressure data may be hot or cold pressure so it is necessary that the person viewing that data fully understands which pressure is reported and what it means Low pressure alarm systems only alert the driver when the pressure in a particular tire or pair of dual tires if linked together is belo
104. tud piloted wheels may have the same bolt circle pattern Therefore they could mistakenly be interchanged Each mounting system requires the correct mating parts It is important that the proper components are used for each type of mounting and that the wheel is fitted to the proper hub If hub piloted wheel components hubs wheels and fasteners are mixed with stud piloted wheel components loss of torque broken studs cracked wheels and possible wheel loss can occur which can lead to injury or death These parts are not designed to be interchangeable Refer to TMC RP 217B Attaching Hardware for Disc Wheels and TMC RP 608A Brake Drums and Rotors NOTE Some states and provinces have laws that dictate sufficient thread engagement or thread engagement past the nut body Make sure you know the laws for the states and provinces in which you operate and comply TORQUE Stud piloted ball seat mounting system Left hand threads are used on the left side of the vehicle Right hand threads are used on the right side of the vehicle Tighten the nuts to 50 foot pounds using the sequence shown Check that the wheel is properly positioned then tighten to recommended torque using the sequence shown It is recommended that studs and nuts on a stud piloted mounting system should be free of rust and debris They should then be torqued dry to 450 500 foot pounds After 50 to 100 miles of operation torque should be rechecked Hub pil
105. ve axle of the test vehicle and set to the corresponding pressure The vehicle is then driven over a straight 2 mile section at 45 mph while the number of revolutions are counted Since speed minimally affects the results for radial tires other speeds are allowed Averaging 4 runs that are within 1 of each other then derives the tire s revolutions per mile measurement 4 Overall Width 8 Section Height 6 Free Radius 3 Rim Width 5 Overall Diameter 9 Loaded Radius 10 Deflection Appendix 71 Afterward the results are double checked using shorter distances that are more easily obtained In addition to these the test tire is compared to a known baseline tire on a road wheel This latter method is very accurate and very repeatable when using a similar baseline tire with a known tire revolutions per mile Tire Revs Mile The Society of Automotive Engineers SAE procedure recognizes that within the test method itself there will be some variation In fact there are other factors that cause variation on the tire revolutions per mile s among similar tires Be aware that they will have the same revolution per mile The SAE procedure determines the tire revolutions per mile to within 1 5 Some factors which cause variation among tires are Load and Pressure A difference in load pressure could alter the tire revolutions per mile measurement by as much as 1 5 If pressure is constant going
106. w some fleet chosen minimum This value may be preset by the sensor supplier or may be programmable by the fleet Tire manufacturers through the Rubber Manufacturers Association RMA have agreed that a tire must be considered flat if the inflation pressure is 20 or more below the pressure recommended for that tire A flat tire must be removed from the rim thoroughly examined and properly repaired prior to re inflation and use RESSURE MONITORING SYSTEMS Some systems provide inflation pressure information at the sensor site only so the driver must walk around the vehicle to gather view either the pressure reading or low pressure warning Other systems transmit the information to the cab where it may be viewed by the driver and or sent to a central facility if the vehicle is tracked by satellite Inflation only systems are designed to add air to maintain a preset pressure but do not have the ability to reduce the pressure should a tire be over inflated These systems can account for slower leaks determined by the air delivery capacity of the system and provide some warning to the driver when the system is energized adding air or when it cannot keep up with the leak Almost all inflation only systems use air from the vehicle air brake system so they will be limited in max pressure and available volumetric flow In addition these systems are usually only applied to trailer axles where plumbing the air supply line is easier Tire
107. ward Axle lc B Bus On Center Bowl with Inter axle Differential C Controlled Traction G Single Rear Axle Global D Differential Lock R Dual Drive Rear Axle Design Level E High Entry Single S Single Rear Axle N A F Flipped Rolled Over T Tridem Configuration H Heavy Wall Gear Type Head Assembly Series Integral Brake 1 Standard Single Reduction ED GAW Rating hanes N No Spin Differential X 1000 Ibs N A Schalk Offset Change x 1 TN Global P Lube Pump 6 Helical Overdrive R Retarder Ready U Unitized Spindle W Wide Track Housing DANA AXLE IDENTIFICATION Identification Tag Eaton Axle O F TeN MODEL PART NO 000000 000000 SERIAL NO C 00000000 000000000 CUST PT NO MADE IN 0000000000 000000000 0 00 000 0000 es NES Serial Number Spindle Code J J Trailer Spindle Julian Date D D Trailer Spindle P P Trailer Spindle Year Tube Capacity Rating Manufacturer s Location x 100 Ibs Brake Code T 16 1 2 x 7 Brake R 15 x8 5 8 Brake Extended Service Brake Eaton NOTE The graphic provided is for reference only Axle specific questions should be directed to the axle manufacturer Truck Technical Specifications 13 HENDRICKSON TRAILER AXLE IDENTIFICATION Model VANTRAAX 5836 Description HKANT40K 165RH 77USHD MA X7SH Ultimate System Integration U HUS Spindle MODEL AI SP SUI e dit DESC

MICHELIN X One Truck Tire Service Manual

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