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Fluke Calibration 290 Series Waveform Generator

1. 17 9 Power On S ttngs iuis eate deed deri ne dep 17 10 Remote commands 2 1 een epe terere EH A E ipe RM e ee Roo Lea 17 10 RS232 Remote Command Formats eee 17 10 GPIB Remote Command Format 17 11 Command List apenas 17 11 Channel Selection sutiles e P ER URS ER 17 12 Erequeney and R ls oce ennt e i oet epe 17 12 Amplitude and DC Offer 17 12 Waveform Selection neo tote HE e Pise 17 13 Arbitrary Waveform Create and Delete AAA 17 13 Arbitrary Waveform dng 17 15 Waveform Sequence Control 17 17 Mode ommands 1 e auge erede nq ende 17 18 Input Output Control tect rint sp e ee rre ate tot 17 18 Modulation Commande A 17 19 Synchronizing Commands eese eene enne 17 19 Status Commands viana ee Ra ai deep 17 19 Miscellaneous Commands eese rennen 17 21 Remote Command Summary eese nennen nennen 17 22 17 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction The instrument can be remotely controlled via its RS232 USB or GPIB interfaces When using RS232 it can either be the only instrument connected to the controller or it can be part of an addressable RS232 system which permits up to 32 instruments to be addressed from one RS232 port Some of the following sections are general and apply to all 4 modes single instrument RS232 addressable RS232 USB and GPIB others are clearly only relevant to a particular interface or mode It is only necessary to read the general se
2. eese 9 1 dee TL 9 2 Arbitrary Waveform Terms sss esse sees eee eee eee 9 2 Principles of Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Modification 9 2 Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms eee 9 3 Creating New Wavetorms neecetii teret nee ette EE nds 9 4 Create Blank Wavefomm rennen entente 9 4 Create Waveform CODpYy ne edet niece eerte cti iode 9 4 Modifying Arbitrary W veforms seen 9 5 Resize Wave Mita o eee e 9 5 Rename Waveform ute ae eee edes ice iet 9 6 Waveform UT etie eer tero e eui eite 9 6 Delete Wavetorm A eee 9 6 Edit VE n odere e dias 9 7 Point E EE 9 7 arie Edit zie temet use nee rH eet rr DE 9 7 Wave T oe tete ee e i ENEE 9 8 291 292 294 Users Manual 10 11 12 13 14 Block Copy cimil e edet 9 8 Wavetorm Amplit de 2 efie eee deest ite ket enter datar 9 9 Wavetorm Osetia ee Ee e CU ee i ie ierra ena 9 10 ENCARAR tied ihe soe ete ete tee Wee Rl aros deed 9 10 Position Markers coin LIRE em a a ia 9 10 Arbitrary Waveform Sequence sess eren nennen nennen 9 11 Sequence Set Up i e ii 9 12 Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms sseeseesseeeen 9 13 Frequency iternm ee eter ee 9 13 Aaqnplitude 1 tereti et eee bee ticae ee eee dione 9 15 Sync Out Settings with Arbitrary Waveforms sese ee sees eee eee ee eee eee 9 15 Waveform Hold in Arbitrary Mode 9 15 Output Filter Setting aci ete anes 9 16 P
3. Principles of Operation Clock Synthesis Mode DDS Mode Chapter 4 Initial Operation 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction This section is a general introduction to the organization and principles of the instrument and is intended to be read before using the generator for the first time Detailed operation is covered in later sections starting with Standard Waveform Operation In this Users Manual front panel keys and sockets are shown in capitals e g CREATE SYNC OUT all soft key labels entry fields and messages displayed on the LCD are shown in the Courier type font e g STANDARD WAVEFORMS sine Initial Operation Switching On The power switch is located at the bottom left of the front panel At power up the generator displays the installed software revision whilst loading its waveform RAM If an error is encountered the message system ram error battery fault or firmware updated will be displayed If this happens refer to the Warnings and Error Messages in appendix B Loading takes a few seconds after which the status screen is displayed showing the generator parameters set to their default values with the MAIN OUT outputs set to off The power up settings may be preset to those at power down or to any of the stored settings chapter 15 System Operations from the Utility Menu explains how to do this You can recall the status screen at any time with the STATUS key a second press returns the disp
4. 291 292 294 Users Manual 11 4 Warnings are given when either a modulation depth or output amplitude change has caused clipping the new setting is accepted but it must either be changed back or the other parameter must also be changed to avoid the contention When SCM is selected the screen has an additional soft key labeled level selecting this key permits the peak carrier output level to be set directly from the keyboard or by the rotary control The maximum output level that can be set is 10 V p p When internal SCM is selected for a channel both the amplitude control of that channel and of the previous channel which is the modulation source are disabled The AMPLITUDE set up screen of the channel being modulated shows the message fixed by SCM The AMPLITUDE screen ofthe previous channel shows the message Set by CHx mod and its status screen shows the message ex to indicate that it is being used as a source for channel x Internal modulation cannot be used with internal or external sum Chapter 12 Sum Title Page Introduction aon Ettore cete OE E due eg wo ees lees 12 2 EK EE EE 12 2 Internal Sum iere ae see Sa eo tee eee ee Date EE 12 3 12 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction Both internal and external Sum can be selected summing can be used to add noise to a waveform for example or to add two signals for DTMF Dual Tone Multiple Frequency testing External sum can be applied to any or all ch
5. A further complication arises with arb waveforms because waveform frequency depends on both waveform size and clock frequency waveform frequency clock frequency divided by waveform size The important relationship with arbs is the ratio of clock frequencies and the above considerations on precision apply to them The most practical use of synchronization will be to provide outputs at the same frequency or maybe harmonics but with phase differences 13 5 291 292 294 Users Manual Connections for Synchronization The clock connection arrangement is for the rear panel REF CLOCK IN OUT of the master which will be set to master to be connected directly to the REF CLOCK IN OUT socket of the slave which will be set to slave Similarly the synchronizing connection is from any SYNC OUT of the master which all default to phase lock to the TRIG IN input of the slave Generator Set Ups 13 6 Each generator can have its main parameters set to any value with the exception that the ratio of frequencies between master and slave must be rational and each generator can be set to any waveform subject to the limitations described above Best results will be achieved if the constraints forced on inter channel synchronization described in the previous chapter are adopted for inter generator synchronization The master has its REF CLOCK IN OUT set to master onthe REF SYS CLOCK menu called by the sys ref soft key onthe UTILITY screen Refe
6. NEG Set the trigger threshold level to lt nrf gt volts Set the trig output to AUTO lt WFMEND gt lt POSNMKR gt lt SEQSYNC gt or lt BSTDONE gt Set the internal trigger generator period to nrf sec Returns the instruments address Set the vca sum input to lt VCA gt SUM or lt OFF gt Select the output waveform as lt SINE gt SQUARE lt TRIANG gt DC lt POSRMP gt lt NEGRMP gt lt COSINE gt lt HAVSIN gt lt HAVCOS gt lt SINC gt lt PULSE gt lt PULSTRN gt lt NOISE gt or lt SEQ gt Set the waveform frequency to lt nrf gt Hz Set the waveform period to lt nrf gt sec Set the playback clock source of the selected waveform to lt INT gt or lt EXT gt Set the output load which the generator is to assume for amplitude and dc offset entries to lt 50 gt 500 600 600Q or OPEN 17 27 291 292 294 Users Manual 17 28 Introduction Cleaning Chapter 18 Maintenance 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction The manufacturers or their agents overseas will provide a repair service for any unit developing a fault Where owners wish to undertake their own maintenance work this should only be done by skilled personnel in conjunction with the service manual Cleaning If the instrument requires cleaning use a cloth that is only lightly dampened with water or a mild detergent A A Warning To avoid the possibility of ele
7. The sweep can be held and restarted at any time at or from its current frequency by alternate presses of the MAN HOLD key or remote command 6 5 291 292 294 Users Manual 6 6 Chapter 7 Triggered Burst and Gate Title Page LST ah ee a a WR ennai oe 7 2 Internal Tris ger Generator mint ete eee e sedes 7 2 External Trigger Input dcs eee hae ieee Tek 7 2 Adjacent Channel Trigger Output 7 3 Triggered BUS iia oet e teinte pee Rte Roue 7 3 Triger Source A ee m e e 7 4 Trigger AGE co oH dee Ure tee eti ee see UD ERE 7 4 Burst Colca 7 4 Start Phase 5 2 e RE EE 7 5 Manual Initialization of Inter Channel Triggering esses 7 5 Gated ent Rede da 7 6 Gate Nec 7 6 EE E 7 6 Start Phase ins eet ad idet es 7 6 Sync Out in Triggered Burst and Gated Modes AAA 7 7 291 292 294 Users Manual General Triggered burst and gated modes are selected from the MODE screen called by the MODE key as alternatives to the default continuous mode MODE of f continuous gated setup triggered setup In triggered burst mode a defined number of cycles are generated following each trigger event This mode is edge triggered In gated mode the generator runs whenever the gating signal is true This mode is level sensitive Triggered burst mode and gated mode can be controlled by either the internal trigger generator an external trigger input by the front panel MAN TRIG key or by remote control In both m
8. 292 294 Users Manual Gated mode Gated mode is turned on with the gated softkey onthe MODE screen The setup soft key on this screen accesses the TRIGGER GATE SETUP screen on which the start phase is set The other parameters associated with gated mode are set on the TRIGGER IN set up screen called by pressing the TRIG IN key source int force slope positive Qlevel 1 4 V period 1 00ms Gate Source The gate signal source can be selected with the source soft key on the TRIGGER IN set up screen to be int ext or an adjacent channel With int selected the internal trigger generator is used to gate the waveform the duration of the gate is half the generator period see Internal Trigger Generator above With ext selected the gate duration is from the threshold level set on the specified edge of the signal at TRIG IN until the same level on the opposite edge the threshold and edge are set using the level and slope soft keys respectively With chan x selected the trigger out signal from the adjacent channel x is used to gate the waveform the source of the trigger out signal on that channel x is set up as described in Adjacent Channel Trigger Output above Gate Polarity If slope onthe TRIGGER IN set up screen is setto positive the gate will open at the threshold on the rising edge and close on the threshold of the falling edge of an external gating signal i e the gate signal is true when the TRIG IN signal is high
9. 3 3 remote command summary 17 22 remote local operation 17 2 repair service 18 2 resolution pulse 10 3 RS232 1 11 17 3 connector 3 4 remote commands 17 10 S screen AMPLITUDE 5 3 9 15 ARB HOLD 9 15 CALIBRATION 16 2 DC OFFSET 5 4 ERROR SETTINGS 15 2 FILTER 9 16 REMOTE 17 2 STANDARD FREQUENCY 5 2 STANDARD WAVEFORMS 5 2 SUM 12 2 SYNC OUT 5 6 TRIGGER OUT 7 3 sequence 1 5 9 11 frequency 9 14 sync 3 2 5 6 settings automatic sync C 1 errors and warnings 15 2 power on 17 2 17 10 soft keys 4 3 specifications 1 4 start phase 7 5 7 6 status model 17 9 step on criterion 9 12 sum 12 2 sum in 1 9 3 3 supply cable 2 2 supply voltage 2 2 suppressed carrier modulation 1 9 sweep connections 6 2 duration 6 4 marker 6 5 mode 1 6 principles 6 2 spacing 6 5 span 6 3 sync 3 2 5 6 time 6 3 type 6 4 sync out 3 2 arb waveforms 9 15 sync out key 5 6 synchronization 1 10 13 2 between instruments 13 5 connections 13 6 within instruments 13 2 synchronize 13 3 SYS REF Clock 15 2 system clock 1 8 System Clock Setting 15 2 system information 15 3 T tone mode 8 2 switching source 8 3 type 8 2 tone switching mode 1 7 trig in 3 3 trigger 3 2 5 6 adjacent channel 7 3 edge 7 4 external 7 2 force 7 5 generator 1 7 7 2 in 1 8 slope 7 4 triggered burst mode 1 6 7 3 triggering inter channel 1 10 U USB connector 3 5 USB
10. Saving Files to a Memory Can 14 3 Avoiding Long Filenames eese nennen 14 3 Storing and Recalling Set UpS sese 14 3 Sorting Files nee cs 14 5 14 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction Pressing the UTILITY key calls a list of menus which give access to various system operations including storing recalling set ups from a memory card error messages power on settings and calibration The instrument uses compact flash memory cards i e cards that comply with the Compact Flash Association standard A compatible memory card and a USB card reader writer are supplied with the instrument The card reader writer may be connected to a PC to allow waveform files created on the PC to be written directly to a memory card The memory card may then be transferred to the instrument and the waveform played back immediately Similarly waveforms created or modified on the instrument may be transferred to the PC To install the card reader writer follow the instructions supplied with it For Windows ME 2000 XP and later simply plug the device in to a spare USB port and Windows should detect it for Windows 98 and 98SE the manufacturer s supplied driver must be installed from the CD ROM Plug the memory card into the memory card slot On single channel instruments this is on the rear panel 2 and 4 channel versions have the card slot on the front panel Ensure that the pointer on the card aligns with the pointer on the card slot Push the card g
11. lt PREV gt NEXT lt POS gt or NEG Set the trigger threshold level to lt nrf gt volts Set the internal trigger generator period to nrf sec FORCETRG Modulation Commands MOD cpd MODTYPE lt cpd gt AMDEPTH lt nrf gt SCMLEVEL lt nrf gt SUM lt cpd gt SUMRATIO lt nrf gt Synchronizing Commands REFCLK lt cpd gt ABORT PHASE lt nrf gt LOCKMODE lt cpd gt LOCKSTAT lt cpd gt Status Commands CLS ESE lt nrf gt ESE ESR Remote Operation 1 D Remote commands Force a trigger to the selected channel Will function with any trigger source except MANUAL specified Set the modulation source to lt OFF gt lt EXT gt or lt PREV gt Set the modulation type to lt AM gt or lt SCM gt Set the depth for amplitude modulation to nrf Set the level for SCM to lt nrf gt volts Set the sum source to lt OFF gt lt EXT gt or lt PREV gt Set the sum ratio to lt nrf gt Set the REF CLK IN OUT to IN OUT MASTER or lt SLAVE gt Aborts an external phase synchronizing operation Set the generator phase to lt nrf gt degrees This parameter is used for setting the trigger gate mode start stop phase and the phase difference when synchronizing channels Set the channel lock mode to lt INDEP3 gt MASTER FTRACK or lt SLAVE gt Set the inter channel synchronization status to ON or OFF Clear status Clea
12. lt cpd2 gt nrfl nrf2 ARBINVERT cpd 5 nrfl nrf2 ARBLEN lt cpd gt ARBLINE lt cpd gt lt nrfl gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt lt nrf4 gt ARBLIST ARBOFFSET lt cpd gt lt nrfl gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt ARBPOINT lt cpd gt lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt ARBRENAME lt cpdl gt lt cpd2 gt ARBRESIZE lt cpd gt lt nrf gt BEEP BEEPMODE lt cpd gt BSTCNT lt nrf gt CF CFSIZE CFLABEL CLKFREQ nrf CLKPER nrf COPYCHAN lt nrf gt DCOFFS lt nrf gt EER FILTER lt cpd gt Insert the standard waveform lt cpd2 gt into the arbitrary waveform lt cpd1 gt from start address lt nrf1 gt to stop address lt nrf2 gt Invert arbitrary waveform cpd between start address nrf1 and stop address nrf2 Returns the length in points of the arbitrary waveform cpd Draw a line in arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt from start address data lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt to stop address data lt nrf3 gt lt nrf4 gt Returns a list of all arbitrary waveforms on the memory card each will return a name and length in the following form cpd nr1 The list will end with rmt Move the data in arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt from start address lt nrf1 gt _ to stop address nrf2 by the offset lt nrf3 gt Set the waveform point at address lt nfr1 gt in arbitrary waveform cpd to nrf2 Change the name of arbitrary waveform cpdl to lt
13. the maximum 20 V p p open circuit voltage However the relationship between the EXT SUM input and the maximum summed output depends not only on the sum input level but also on the channel s own amplitude setting This is because the sum input is applied to the amplifier chain prior to the output attenuators The amplifier itself is controlled over a limited range approximately10 dB and the full amplitude range of the channel is achieved by switching in up to five 10 dB attenuation stages The summed output cannot exceed the maximum of the range within which the channel output has been set by choice of amplitude setting Whereas with internal sum the generator gives warnings when the combination of sum input and amplitude would cause waveform clipping see Internal Sum below it is the responsibility of the user to observe the waveforms when using external sum and to make adjustments if the waveform is clipped Note that it is not possible to give a simple guide as to where the range breakpoints are because the use of dc offset for example changes these points Within each range an EXT SUM signal of approximately 2 V p p will force the channel output from the range minimum to the range maximum if the channel amplitude is set to Internal E 1 2 mid range then the SUM signal needed to force the output to range maximum is halved to approximately 1 V p p To facilitate the setting of appropriate sum and amplitude levels the output amplitude of th
14. 1 MHz for a triangle waveform The error message Frequency out of range for the selected waveform is shown 5 5 291 292 294 Users Manual 2 Entering an amplitude of 25 V p p The error message Maximum output level exceeded is shown 3 Entering a dc offset of 20 V The error message Maximum DC offset exceeded is shown The messages remain on the display for approximately two seconds The last two messages can be viewed again by pressing the 1ast error soft key on the UTILITY screen Refer to the section System Operations from the Utility Screen for more information Each message has a number and the full list appears in appendix B The default set up is for all warning and error messages to be displayed and for a beep to sound with each message This set up can be changed on the error menu on the UTILITY screen The error menu is shown below error beep ON error message ON warn beep ON warn message ON Each feature can be turned on and off with alternate presses of the associated soft key the factory default is for all features to be on Synchronization Output 5 6 SYNC OUT is a multifunction CMOS TTL level output that can be automatically or manually set to be any of the following waveform sync A square wave with 50 duty cycle at the main waveform frequency or a pulse coincident with the first few points of an arbitrary waveform Can be selected for all waveforms position marker If an arbitr
15. 6 ccecedsdsvesseceossccdesdeocdeceusscodedescceedetesudecdoacdecvusesudesss 11 3 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction Both internal and external modulation can be selected External modulation can be applied to any or all channels Internal modulation uses the previous channel as the modulation source e g channel 2 can be used to modulate channel 3 internal modulation is not available on channel 1 or on a single channel instrument The external modulation mode can be set to VCA voltage controlled amplitude or SCM suppressed carrier modulation mode Internal modulation uses the previous channel as the modulation source for example channel 2 can be used to modulate channel 3 Thus internal modulation is not available on channel 1 or on a single channel instrument Modulation modes share some of the generator s inter channel resources with Sum modes as a result there are some restrictions on using Modulation and Sum together but these are generally outside the range of common sense applications To better understand these constraints the following sections and the Sum chapter should be read with reference to the block diagrams in the Appendix which show the control signals of a single channel and the inter channel connections These diagrams also show the inter channel trigger connections described in the Triggered Burst and Gate chapter in general inter channel triggering is possible simultaneously with modulation but few comb
16. A number with no fractional part i e an integer Any item s enclosed in these brackets are optional parameters If more than one item is enclosed then all or none of the items are required The commands which begin with an asterisk are those specified by IEEE Std 488 2 as Common Commands All will function when used on the RS232 interface but some have little applicability here Channel Selection Most commands act on a particular channel of the generator The following command is used to select the required channel Subsequent commands will change only the specified parameter on the selected channel SETUPCH lt nrf gt Select channel nrf as the destination for subsequent commands The value of nrf ranges from 1 to the highest channel number in the instrument Frequency and Period These commands set the frequency or period of the generator main output and are equivalent to pressing the FREQ key and editing that screen WAVFREQ lt nrf gt Set the waveform frequency to nrf Hz WAVPER lt nrf gt Set the waveform period to nrf sec CLKFREO nrf Set the arbitrary sample clock freq to lt nrf gt Hz CLKPER lt nrf gt Set the arbitrary sample clock period to nrf sec WFMCLKSRC cpd Set the playback clock source of the selected waveform to INT or EXT Amplitude and DC Offset AMPL lt nrf gt Set the amplitude to nrf in the units as specified by the AMPUNIT command AMPUNIT lt
17. ARBITRARY WAVEFORMS list Create Waveform Copy Pressing the create from copy soft key calls the following menu create WFM1 from sine size 0001024 cancel created The user defined name and waveform size can be entered after pressing the create and size soft keys respectively exactly as described in the previous section The source waveform which is to be copied can be selected by the from soft key repeated presses of the soft key cursor keys or using the rotary control will scroll through the list of all the available waveforms including any other arbitrary waveforms already created Arbitrary Waveform Generation 9 Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms The horizontal size of the waveform being copied does not have to be the same as the waveform being created When the waveform is copied by pressing the create soft key the software compresses or expands the source waveform to create the copy When the source is expanded the copy has additional interpolated points when the source is compressed significant waveform data may be lost particularly from arb waveforms with narrow spikes if the compression ratio is large The menu can be exited by pressing the cancel soft key which keeps the name but does not implement the copy or by pressing the create soft key which makes the copy and returns the screen to the ARBITRARY WAVEFORMS list Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms Pressing the MODIFY front panel key calls t
18. DISAB gt Set the channel synchronization mode to lt INDEP gt MASTER FTRACK or lt SLAVE gt Set the channel synchronization status to lt ON gt or lt OFF gt Returns the instrument to local operation and unlocks the keyboard Will not function if LLO is in force Install data for a previous LRN command Set the modulation source to lt OFF gt lt EXT gt or lt PREV gt Set the mode to CONT lt GATE gt lt TRIG gt lt SWEEP gt or lt TONE gt Set the modulation type to lt AM gt or lt SCM gt Set the main output ON OFF lt NORMAL gt or lt INVERT gt Set the slave generator phase to lt nrf gt degrees Clear all position markers from arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt Put the pattern lt cpa2 gt into the arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt from start address nrfl to stop address lt nrf2 gt Clear the position marker at address lt nrf gt in arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt to 0 low Set the position marker at address lt nrf gt in arbitrary waveform cpd to 1 high Set the pulse delay to lt nrf gt sec Set the pulse period to lt nrf gt sec Set the pulse width to lt nrf gt sec Set the pulse train base line to lt nrf gt volts Set the delay of pulse train pulse number nrfl to lt nrf2 gt sec Set the number of pulses in the pulse train to nrf Set the level of pulse train pulse number lt nrf1 gt to nrf2 volts Ma
19. If slope is set negative the gate signal is true when the TRIG IN signal is low The default setting of positive should be used for gating with the internal trigger generator or an adjacent channel s trigger out Start Phase 7 6 Press setup on the MODE screen to access the TRIGGER GATE SETUP screen on which the start phase can be set TRIGGER GATE SETUP BURST CNT 0000001 PHASE 000 02 actual 4000 09 The start phase i e the point on the waveform cycle at which the gated waveform starts can be selected by pressing the phase soft key followed by direct entries from the keyboard or by using the rotary control Since the waveform cycle is always completed at the end of the gated period the start phase is also the stop phase Triggered Burst and Gate v Sync Out in Triggered Burst and Gated Modes The phase can be set with a precision of 0 1 but the actual resolution is limited with some waveforms and at certain waveform frequencies as detailed below To indicate when this is the case the actual phase is shown in brackets as a non editable field below the programmed value To achieve start phase precision all waveforms are run in clock synthesis mode i e as if they were arbitrary waveforms when gated mode is specified this limits actual frequency resolution to 8 digits for all waveforms although the normally DDS generated waveforms are still entered with 10 digit precision Sine cosine haversine etc waveforms a
20. SRE lt nrf gt command and read by the SRE command Bit7 Not used Duo RQS MSS This bit as defined by IEEE Std 488 2 contains both the Requesting Service message and the Master Status Summary message RQS is returned in response to a Serial Poll and MSS is returned in response to the STB command Bit5 ESB The Event Status Bit This bit is set if any bits set in the Standard Event Status Register correspond to bits set in the Standard Event Status Enable Register Bit4 MAV The Message Available Bit This will be set when the instrument has a response message formatted and ready to send to the controller The bit will be cleared after the Response Message Terminator has been sent Bit3 Not used Bit2 Not used Bit Not used BitO Not used Power ON Command Error Execution Error error number in execution error register EER read and clear Query Error error number in query error register QER read and clear y Operation complete Standard Event Status Register ESR read and clear Standard Event Status Enable Register ESE lt nrf gt set to nrf ESE read Response Ready HOS y SRQ n MSS Serial Byte Register Serial poll read with RQS STB read with MSS Sevice Request Enable Register SRE lt nrf gt set to lt nrf gt SRE read Figure 17 4 Status Model shc0013f gif 17 9 291 292 294 Users Manual Power On Settings The following instrument st
21. The trigger level source can be any of the settings selected on the TRIGGER IN set up screen with the exception of the MAN TRIG key which can only produce an edge not a level when pressed Providingthe step on fieldissetto count for all segments the waveform sequence can also be run in gated and triggered burst modes in the same way as simple waveforms refer to chapter 7 Triggered Burst and Gate for full details The individual segments of the sequence can be turned on or off with the on off soft key Note that turning a segment off will automatically set all subsequent segments off turning a segment on will also turn on any others between segment 1 and itself that were previously off Segment 1 is always on When the whole sequence is defined the set up is constructed by pressing the done soft key which returns the display to the initial SEQUENCE screen The sequence can be run and stopped from this screen with the run and stop soft keys respectively Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms Frequency and amplitude control work in an essentially similar manner as with standard waveforms the differences are as follows Frequency Pressing the FREQuency key with an arbitrary waveform selected calls the ARBITRARY FREQUENCY screen QARB FREQUENCY int 100 00000 MHz sample waveform freq period Arbitrary mode uses clock synthesis generation see Principles of Operation in chapter 4 Initial Operation whi
22. The total sweep time is always that set on the SWEEP TIME screen i e for up down and down up operation the sweep time in each direction is half the total Similarly the total number of steps is the same for all choices i e there will be half the number of steps in each direction for up down and down up operation In the sweep mode descriptions which follow the direction is assumed to be up but all modes can be used with all sweep directions In continuous mode the generator sweeps continuously between the start and stop frequencies triggered repetitively by an internal trigger generator whose frequency is determined by the sweep time setting At the stop frequency the generator resets to the start frequency and begins a new sweep If sync issetto on the default the generator steps instantaneously from the stop frequency to zero frequency i e it does not dwell at the stop frequency for the full step interval and then starts the next sweep from the first point of the waveform synchronized to the internally generated trigger signal This is useful because the sweep always starts from the same point in the waveform but the waveform discontinuity can be undesirable in some circumstances for example filter evaluation With sync setto off the frequency steps directly and phase continuously from the stop frequency to the start frequency after dwelling at the stop frequency for the full step interval but is not synchronized with the software generat
23. as slaves a frequency change on the master will be repeated on each slave thus allowing easy generation of multi phase waveforms at the same frequency Channels may be clocked using the master channel the system clock or an external arb clock Phase resolution DDS waveforms 0 1 degree non DDS waveforms 0 1 degree or 360 degrees divided by the number of points whichever is the greater Phase error all waveforms lt 6 ns internal clock x5 ns external arb or system clock The signals from the REF IN OUT socket and the SYNC OUT socket can be used to phase lock two instruments where more than four channels are required Inter Channel Triggering Any channel can be triggered by the previous or next channel Introduction and Specifications 1 Specifications The previous next connections can be used to daisy chain a trigger signal from a start channel through a number of channels in the chain to an end channel Each channel receives the trigger out signal from the previous or next channel and drives its selected trigger out to the next or previous channel The end channel trigger out can be set up to drive the start channel thus closing the loop In this way complex and versatile inter channel trigger schemes may be set up Each channel can have its trigger out and its output waveform set up independently Trigger out may be selected from Waveform End Position Markers Sequence Sync or Burst Done Interfaces F
24. be sampled on successive cycles of the waveform 4 6 Chapter 5 Standard Waveforms Title Page Intr d ction ne woe 5 2 Standard Waveform Operation sese eren nennen nennen 5 2 Setting Generator Parameters essere ener nennen nennen 5 2 Wavetorm SelectiOM iecit edt eren teet dee ee teet cree 5 2 Bre Que ny EE 5 2 Amplitude o oli Es 5 3 DC OMA dada 5 4 Warning and Error Messages 5 5 Synchronization Output 5 6 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction This section deals with the use of the instrument as a standard function generator i e generating sine square triangle dc ramp haversine cosine havercosine and sin x x waveforms All but the square wave are generated by DDS which gives 10 digit frequency resolution the square wave is generated by clock synthesis which results in only 8 digit frequency resolution Refer to Principles of Operation in chapter 4 for an explanation of the differences Standard Waveform Operation The STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen also includes arbitrary and sequence for simplicity of switching between these and standard waveforms they do however have their own screens accessed by pressing ARB and SEQUENCE respectively and are described in detail in their appropriate sections Pulse and pulse train are also accessed from the standard waveforms screen but are sufficiently different to justify their own section in this manual Much o
25. between program and actual will only really be noticeable for very short pulse train periods only a few points in the pulse train and very long periods each of the 50 000 points has a long dwell time for exactly the same reasons as described in the Pulse Set up section above where there is a detailed explanation Pressing next calls the pulse delay screen for the first pulse Pulse 1 delay eprogram 0 0000000ns actual 0 0000000ns done next The pulse delay is entered in the same way as pulse width and again the actual delay is shown below the program delay for the same reasons The delay value that can be entered must be in the range pulse train period 1 point positive values delay the pulse with respect to waveform sync from SYNC OUT negative values cause the pulse to be output before the waveform sync Pressing next on this screen calls the first of the 3 screens for setting the parameters of pulse 2 and so on through all the pulses in the pulse train In this way all parameters of all pulses are set The pulse train is built when next is pressed on the last screen of the last pulse or when done is pressed on any screen Care must be taken that the set widths and delays of the individual pulses are compatible with each other and the overall pulse train period i e delays must not be such that pulses overlap each other and delays widths must not exceed the pulse train period unpredictable results will occur if these
26. borrmattmng uide cease en peer ed eer ERE Ae EIE 14 3 Saving Files to a Memory Card 14 3 Avoiding Long Filenames eerta dee iem eine Pepe 14 3 Storing and Recalling Ser Ups nono no nono rnncnnccnnccnnnos 14 3 Sorting Files ascii reece cena iaa 14 5 viii 15 16 17 Contents continued System Operations from the Utility Menu 15 1 INO MU Ct ON sss te t oe ettet Hence t pte HE e ie ptt 15 2 Channel Waveform Information eese nennen 15 2 Warnings and Error Messages sees 15 2 Remote Interface Set p acai tian sien ea eni 15 2 SYS REF Clock In Out and System Clock Setting sess 15 2 Power On Setting eiie god decr HER ee Ee Re e cin de aS 15 3 System Information A acetate oa eee Dies 15 3 Calibration eade eater aie eris E 15 4 Copying Channel Set Ups 22 tinere tt c ipe ePi Roe Hin 15 4 CallbratloR curan 16 1 AS ET 16 2 Equipment Required eee ii 16 2 Calibration Procedure cocino slats Acid 16 2 Setting the Password icon dia 16 2 Password Access to Calibration sese ee ee ee eee 16 3 Changing the Password asori teneret hee in o Hn reo een 16 3 Calibration Routine eerte eerte t e dee trece er ee tin tee ENEE 16 3 Remote Calibr ationz iet Hee Ia Uere irte 16 6 Remote Operation eT 17 1 Introduction nocere ettet Een dtt e tst eo eee suites 17 2 Address and Baud Rate Selection sees 17 2 Remote Local Operation eese n
27. by rotating the control is 1 kHz shown on the display as 1 000000000 kHz This is the limit because to show a lower frequency the display would need to autorange below 1 kHz to xxx xxxxxx Hz in which the most significant digit represents 100 Hz i e the 1 kHz increment would be lost If however the starting frequency had been set to 1 000000000 MHz i e a 100 Hz increment the display would have autoranged at 1 kHz to 900 0000000 Hz and could then be decremented further to 100 0000000 Hz without losing the 100 Hz increment Turning the control quickly will step numeric values in multiple increments Principles of Operation The instrument operates in one of two different modes depending on the waveform selected Direct digital synthesis DDS mode is used for sine cosine haversine triangle sin x x and ramp waveforms Clock synthesis mode is used for square pulse pulse train arbitrary and sequence In both modes the waveform data is stored in RAM As the RAM address is incremented the values are output sequentially to a digital to analogue converter DAC which reconstructs the waveform as a series of voltage steps which are subsequently filtered before being passed to the MAIN OUT connector 20 Bit RAM L ADDRESS MAIN O F shc0004f emf Figure 4 1 Single Channel Simplified Block Diagram The main differences between DDS and clock synthesis modes are the way in which the addresses are generated for the RAM and the len
28. changed by pressing the appropriate soft key and entering the new value from the keyboard The selected frequency can be deleted from the list by pressing the del delete soft key Additional frequencies can be added to the end of the list by selecting end of list with the appropriate soft key and entering the new frequency from the keyboard The whole list can be scrolled back and forward through the display using the rotary control Tone Type 8 2 The type soft key onthe TONE set up screen permits three types of tone switching to be specified With type setto trig the frequency changes after each occurrence of the signal edge specified in the source and slope fields on the TRIGGER IN screen but only after completing the last cycle of the current frequency With type setto gate the frequency changes when the signal specified in the source field goes to the level specified in the slope field onthe TRIGGER IN screen and continues until the level changes again at which point the current cycle is completed the output is then gated off until the next occurrence of the gating signal when the next frequency in the list is gated on The difference between triggered and gated tone changes is therefore that in triggered mode the signal changes phase continuously from one frequency to the next at the waveform zero crossing point immediately after the trigger signal whereas in gated mode Tone Mode 8 Introduction there can be an off period bet
29. choice for square wave pulses and pulse trains May be the better choice for arb waveforms with an essentially rectangular content Chapter 10 Pulse and Pulse trains Title Page Introduction zu n A Seabee cele ees lee es 10 2 Pulse Set Up c eor tisdestongas a tada 10 2 Pulse Train Set Up iade Un e an ees 10 4 Waveform Hold in Pulse and Pulse Train Modes a0sosenensnneessessensssssssessesrss 10 8 10 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction Pulse and pulse trains are both selected and set up from independent menus on the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen called by pressing the STD key Pulse and pulse trains have similar timing set ups and considerations but pulses are only unipolar with a maximum amplitude of 10 V p p whereas pulse trains can be bipolar with a maximum peak to peak of 20 V p p Pulse Set Up 10 2 Pulse waveforms are turned on with the pulse soft key on the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen pressing the setup soft key beside pulse calls the first of the pulse set up screens Enter pulse period 100 00000 us 10000pts 10 000000ns Qexit next The third line of the screen indicates how the waveform will be constructed in this case it will be 10000 points played back at a clock period of 10 000000ns to give a period of 10000x10 100us These values will change as the period is varied The clock period will determine the resolution available for setting the delay and width as discussed below The pulse
30. cleared by the ESR command The Standard Event Status Enable register is set by the ESE lt nrf gt command and read by the ESE command Bit 7 Power On Set when power is first applied to the instrument Bit6 Not used Bit5 Command Error Set when a syntax type error is detected in a command from the bus The parser is reset and parsing continues at the next byte in the input stream Bit4 Execution Error Set when an error is encountered while attempting to execute a completely parsed command The appropriate error number will be reported in the Execution Error Register Bit3 Not used Bit2 Query Error Set when a query error occurs The appropriate error number will be reported in the Query Error Register as listed below 1 Interrupted error 2 Deadlock error 3 Unterminated error Bit1 Not used Bu 0 Operation Complete Set in response to the OPC command Remote Operation 1 D Status Reporting Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register These two registers are implemented as required by the IEEE std 488 2 Any bits set in the Status Byte Register which correspond to bits set in the Service Request Enable Register will cause the ROS MSS bit to be set in the Status Byte Register thus generating a Service Request on the bus The Status Byte Register is read either by the STB command which will return MSS in bit 6 or by a Serial Poll which will return ROS in bit 6 The Service Request Enable register is set by the
31. cpd2 gt Change the size of arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt to lt nrf gt Set beep mode to lt ON gt lt OFF gt lt WARN gt or lt ERROR gt Sound one beep Set the burst count to lt nrf gt Returns available Compact Flash memory capacity 1 for no card Returns the formatted capacity of the memory card in MBytes Returns the volume label of the memory card Set the arbitrary sample clock freq to lt nrf gt Hz Set the arbitrary sample clock period to nrf sec Copy the parameters from the current setup chan to channel lt nrf gt Set the dc offset to nrf volts Query and clear execution error number register Set the output filter to AUTO lt ELIP gt BESS or NONE FORCETRG HOLD lt cpd gt LOCKMODE lt cpd gt LOCKSTAT lt cpd gt LOCAL LRN lt character data gt MOD cpd MODE lt cpd gt MODTYPE lt cpd gt OUTPUT lt cpd gt PHASE lt nrf gt POSNMKRCLR lt cpd gt POSNMKRPAT lt cpdl gt lt nrf1 gt nrf2 cpd2 POSNMKRRES lt cpd gt lt nrf gt POSNMKRSET lt cpd gt lt nrf gt PULSDLY nrf PULSPER nrf PULSWID nrf PULTRNBASE nrf PULTRNDLY lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt PULTRNLEN lt nrf gt PULTRNLEV lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt PULTRNMAKE PULTRNPER lt nrf gt Remote Operation 1 D Remote Command Summary Force a trigger to the selected channel Set hold mode ON OFF lt ENAB gt or lt
32. creating files the instrument uses the 8 3 file naming format where the 8 is the 8 character filename and 3 is the file extension The user chooses the filename and the instrument adds the extension The instrument does not create Windows long filenames If long filenames exist on the memory card they are ignored by the instrument and the 8 3 alias name is used instead and will appear on the LCD screen Avoiding Long Filenames If long filenames are allowed to get into the directories that the instrument uses they consume directory space and will reduce the maximum number of files that can be seen by the instrument Unfortunately it is very easy to inadvertently create long filename entries when using the card reader writer simply saving a waveform as wave wfm will create a long filename entry and an alias This is because Windows takes the filename literally as it is entered and as 8 3 filenames do not allow lower case any lower case letter in a filename will produce a long filename To avoid the problem in the above example it is necessary to save the file as WAVE WFM The Waveform Manager application supplied will ensure that all filenames are short provided that the download to memory card function is used to transfer waveforms to the card reader writer Storing and Recalling Set Ups Complete set ups can be stored to or recalled from the memory card using the screens called by the STORE and RECALL keys On the single channel instrument the
33. ecccsssszesevsesesassucsestechcndesnrsdiveeecdeseesastdecdeectestouuradinds 6 2 Sweep Range veer as C ETEA ERT E EAE EEA RRN 6 3 SWeep LIME araa ee thine lie ES 6 3 Sweep Type dee ede e eee deste 6 4 SWEEPS PACING ese o errante sie I P ite Hace petri Peg eee Pod 6 5 sweep Market eee be t RR e D Ede ates 6 5 Sweep Hold eintreten eee eget ilv eio ates 6 5 6 1 291 292 294 Users Manual General Principles of Sweep Operation All standard and arbitrary waveforms can be swept with the exception of pulse pulse train and sequence During sweep all waveforms are generated in DDS mode because this offers the significant advantage of phase continuous sweeps over a very wide frequency range up to 10 1 However it must be remembered that the frequency is actually stepped not truly linearly swept and thought needs to be given as to what the instrument is actually doing when using extreme combinations of sweep range and time For DDS operation during sweep all waveforms must be 4096 points in length this is the natural length for standard waveforms but all arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed in software to 4096 points when Sweep is turned on This does not affect the original data Sweep mode is turned on and off either by the on or off soft key on the SWEEP SETUP screen accessed by pressing the SWEEP front panel key or by the sweep softkey onthe MODE screen In multi channel instruments two or more channels can be swe
34. interface 17 6 AN ventilation 2 2 W warning messages 5 5 15 2 waveform arbitrary 1 5 cosine 1 4 havercosine 1 4 haversine 1 4 information 15 2 noise 1 5 phase 13 4 pulse 1 5 pulse train 1 5 ramp 1 4 sequence 1 5 sin x x 1 4 sine 1 4 square 1 4 standard 1 4 sum 12 2 triangle 1 4 waveform hold 10 8 waveform sync 3 2 5 6
35. made available at the socket With master or slave selected the socket can be set to be a master or slave when used for synchronizing multiple generators Chapter 13 Synchronizing provides full details Power On Setting Pressing the power on soft key calls the POWER ON SETTING screen POWER ON SETTING default values restore last setup recall SETUP22 The setting loaded at power on can be selected with the appropriate soft key to be default values the default setting restore last set up De the settings at power down are restored at power up or any of the settings stored on the memory card The complete list of set ups stored on the card can be scrolled through with further presses of the recall soft key the cursor keys or the rotary control default values restores the factory default settings see appendix D System Information The system info soft key calls the SYSTEM INFO screen which shows the instrument s name and firmware revision When system info is pressed a checksum is also made of the firmware code and the result displayed this can be used when a firmware fault is suspected to check that the code has not become corrupted 15 3 291 292 294 Users Manual Calibration Pressing calibration calls the calibration routine as described in chapter 16 Calibration Copying Channel Set Ups An easy way of copying complete channel set ups waveform frequency amplitude etc is accessed by pressin
36. order and the parser will not start a new command until any previous command or query is complete In non addressable RS232 mode responses to commands or queries are sent immediately there is no output queue In addressable mode the response formatter will wait indefinitely if necessary until the instrument is addressed to talk and the complete response message has been sent before allowing the parser to start the next command in the input queue Commands must be sent as specified in the commands list and must be terminated with the command terminator code OAH Line Feed LF Commands may be sent in groups with individual commands separated from each other by the code 3BH semicolon The group must be terminated with command terminator OAH Line Feed LF Responses from the instrument to the controller are sent as specified in the commands list Each response is terminated by ODH Carriage Return CR followed by OAH Line Feed LF WHITE SPACE is defined as character codes 00H to 20H inclusive with the exception of those which are specified as addressable RS232 control codes WHITE SPACE is ignored except in command identifiers thus for example C LS is not equivalentto CLS The high bit of all characters is ignored Remote Operation 1 D Remote commands The commands are not case sensitive GPIB Remote Command Formats GPIB input to the instrument is buffered in a 256 byte input queue which is filled under interr
37. phase All standard and arbitrary The smaller of 2 5 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform 100 Msamples s for arb or sequence 0 005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external Internal from keyboard previous channel next channel or trigger generator External from TRIG IN or remote interface 360 settable with 0 1 resolution subject to waveform frequency and type Frequency sweep capability is provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to perform the sweep Carrier waveforms Sweep mode Sweep direction Sweep range Sweep time Marker Sweep trigger source Sweep hold All standard and arbitrary except pulse pulse train and sequence Linear or logarithmic triggered or continuous Up down up down or down up From 1 mHz to 40 MHz in one range Phase continuous Independent setting of the start and stop frequency 1 ms to 999 s 3 digit resolution Variable during sweep The sweep may be free run or triggered from the following sources manually from keyboard externally from TRIG IN input or remote interface Sweep can be held and restarted by the HOLD key Multi channel sweep Tone Switching Introduction and Specifications 1 Specifications Any number of channels may be swept simultaneously with independent sweep parameters for each channel Amplitude Offset and Wav
38. points each point has a minimum duration of 10 000000 nscorresponding to the fastest clock frequency of 100 MHz At short pulse periods i e only a few points in the waveform the period setting resolution is however much better than 10 000000 ns because the time per point is adjusted as well as the number of points since the pulse width and delay are also defined in terms of the same point time varying the time per point affects their resolution For example if the period is set to 200 00000 ns the minimum pulse width when set to 10 000000 ns will actually be 10 000000 ns 20 points at 10 000000 ns each exactly define the 200 00000 ns period However if the period is set to 199 00000 ns 20 points at the minimum point time of 10 000000 ns will be too long so 19 points are used and the point time is adjusted to 10 473684 ns 199 019 10 473654 ns is now the increment size used when changing the pulse width and delay For periods above 1 ms the maximum number of points in the waveform 100 000 becomes the factor determining pulse width and delay resolution For example with the period set to 100 ms the smallest pulse width and delay increment is 1 us 100 ms 100 000 This may appear to cause significant errors at extreme settings e g setting 10 ns in the above example will still give an actual width of 1 us but in practical terms a 1 in 100 000 resolution 0 001 is quite acceptable Pulse period can be adjusted irrespective of t
39. re Eu G 2 G 4 Model 291 Rear Panel tie t mee a tend ote tene ute Heat G 2 3 5 Model 294 Rear Patel 5 Rae ente Re eite G 3 Chapter 1 Introduction and Specifications Title Page tee ent n 1 2 Specifications PC 1 4 Wave WIL 1 4 Standard Waveforms asorin uis htc eee ert cti dede 1 4 Arbitrary Wavetforms 4 eed eee tied ien efe a ens 1 5 SEQUENCE sce leue ee pei heim 1 5 Output Filter eee ed eds 1 5 NOISE novit ttes eiiim est pere De Rete rode p te PH Ee ree AAEN 1 5 Operating modes 2e eet UD ede as 1 6 Triggered Buet Nie eet Neier p ee tet EE 1 6 A dete a ee I a ee ee en Gas 1 6 e n adde fete adimere st este tede iR e eee EGER cer DO 1 6 Tone S watching unen tee E Ie ciel ieee ene EE odo 1 7 Trigger Generator ite e nd aem s 1 7 ln i e O 1 7 Maint Output iens meer ede leet bere ceti diode 1 7 Sync OUtpUt Sad eee ines e Ue ie Rente dnd 1 8 Auxiliary LEE 1 8 Systenrclock ee RR Gente ee tout 1 8 Hii T 1 8 MA Mii A EET 1 8 Modulation In ici d 1 8 SUID Oi fase th Sete eee e e ed elev aes e eue 1 9 Hold vito eran idtm 1 9 Ret Clock In Out ete EC e Ee tie edd 1 9 Arb Clock IM Oltra ee eir reda 1 9 Inter Channel Operation sss esse sees eee eee 1 9 Inter Channel Modulation eene enn nnne 1 9 Inter Channel Analog Summing eene 1 10 Inter Channel Synchronization sse eee eee eee ee eee 1 10 Inter Channel Triggering sss esse see
40. set from 5 0 V 7 2 Triggered Burst and Gate Triggered Burst to 5 0 V by direct keyboard entry or by using the rotary control In triggered burst mode the input is edge sensitive the selected edge of each external trigger initiates the specified burst In gated mode the input is level sensitive the output of the main generator is on whilst the gate signal is true The minimum pulse width that can be used with TRIG IN in triggered burst and gated modes is 50 ns and the maximum repetition rate is 1 MHz The maximum signal level that can be applied without damage is 10 V When triggered burst or gated mode is selected the SYNC OUT source automatically defaults to trigger which is always a positive edged version of the external trigger or gate signal when external triggering or gating is specified Adjacent Channel Trigger Output On multi channel instruments the trigger out signal of an adjacent channel can be used as the control signal for a triggered burst The channel numbering wraps round i e channels 1 and 3 are obviously adjacent to channel 2 but so are channels 2 and 4 adjacent to channel 1 The source of the trigger out signal is selected by the source soft key on the TRIGGER OUT screen called by the TRIG IN key TRIGGER OUT mode auto source wfm end The TRIGGER OUT choices are as follows wfm end Waveform end a positive going pulse coincident with the end of a waveform cycle and the start of the nex
41. the copied section the waveform being copied will simply be truncated Once copied there is no undo and the original waveform cannot be recovered Block copy edit operates on the version of the waveform in the channel currently selected by the channel set up keys the effect of the edit can be seen by selecting the waveform to run on that channel When the block copy is as required it can be saved by pressing the save soft key the action of saving modifies the waveform in the backup memory and then any other copies of the waveform in other channel memories Once saved the original waveform cannot be recovered Pressing exit returns to the EDIT FUNCTIONS screen without change Waveform Amplitude Pressing the wave amplitude soft key initiates the creation of a temporary copy of the waveform to be edited and calls the AMPLITUDE screen AMPLITUDE 001 00 060000000 to 00001236 Qundo set ampl save amp exit saved The waveform amplitude can be changed on a section of the waveform defined by the start and stop addresses Set the addresses by pressing the appropriate soft key and making entries directly from the keyboard or using the rotary control The data values over the specified section of the waveform can be multiplied by a factor of between 0 01 and 100 0 by making entries in the AMPLITUDE field Press the appropriate soft key and make entries direct from the keyboard or by using the rotary control the amplitude changes on com
42. the display press the soft key to the right of PATTERN and enter the sequence of 1s and 0s using 1 and 0 from the keyboard which auto increments to the next character or with the rotary control using the cursor keys to move the edit cursor along the pattern The pattern consists of 16 values if the cursor keys are used to skip over some character positions these will automatically be filled with the value of the last digit specified to the left The pattern is entered repeatedly across the whole range defined by the start and stop addresses when the do pattern soft key is pressed pressing exit returns to the POSITION MARKER EDIT screen without implementing the pattern Pressing the clear all soft key displays a request for confirmation that all markers should be cleared from the waveform Pressing clear cancels all the markers and returns the display to POSITION MARKER EDIT pressing cancel aborts the clear Arbitrary Waveform Sequence Up to 1024 arbitrary waveforms may be linked in a sequence provided that the total number of points of all the waveforms in the sequence does not exceed 1 048 576 Each waveform can have a loop count of up to 32 768 and the whole sequence can run continuously or be looped up to 1 048 575 times using the triggered burst mode 291 292 294 Users Manual Pressing the SEQUENCE key calls the initial SEQUENCE screen SEQUENCE segs sequence setup stop A previously defined sequence can be run
43. the password using remote commands CALADJ lt nrf gt Adjust the selected calibration value by lt nrf gt The value must be in the range 100 to 100 Once an adjustment has been completed and the new value is as required the CALSTEP command must be issued for the new value to be accepted CALSTEP Step to the next calibration point For general information on remote operation and remote command formats refer to the following chapter Chapter 17 Remote Operation Title Page IntroduCti h o0 erit eter erbe T 17 2 Address and Baud Rate Selection eseeeeseeeeeseseeeseeereseesesrrsserrrssresrssresresressesees 17 2 Remote Local Operation eese eren nnne 17 2 RS 232 EE 17 3 Single Instrument RS232 Conpnectons 17 3 Addressable RS232 Connections eese enne 17 3 RS232 Character Set 2 tmn Ee tte et etes bao ie pe RUPES LER 17 4 Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes sss 17 4 Full List of Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes 17 6 USB Interface toad eee ieee tee eae 17 6 GPIB Interface 5 nee rete e eH REED ERE e RES 17 6 GPIB S bsets ee ENEE EE LA 17 7 GPIB IEEE Std 488 2 Error Handling 17 7 GPIB Parallel Poll ge de Eoo o ind 17 7 Status Ee E e ade cete ei d Ee E ere pt 17 8 Standard Event Status and Standard Event Status Enable Registers 17 8 Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register
44. to be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the instrument in a safe condition This instrument has been designed for indoor use in a Pollution Degree 2 environment in the temperature range 5 C to 40 C 20 80 RH non condensing It may occasionally be subjected to temperatures between 5 C and 10 C without degradation of its safety Do not operate the instrument while condensation is present Use of this instrument in a manner not specified by these instructions may impair the safety protection provided Do not operate the instrument outside its rated supply voltages or environmental range A A warning To avoid the possibility of electric shock e This instrument must be earthed e Any interruption of the mains earth conductor inside or outside the instrument will make the instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without a protective conductor e When the instrument is connected to its supply terminals may be live and opening the covers or removal of parts except those to which access can be gained by hand is likely to expose live parts e Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources before opening it for any adjustment replacement maintenance or repair e Any adjustment maintenance and repair of the opened instrument under voltage shall be avoided as far as possible and if inevitable shal
45. to send ASCII coded data only binary blocks are not allowed Bit 7 of ASCII codes is ignored i e assumed to be low No distinction is made between upper and lower case characters in command mnemonics and they may be freely mixed The ASCII codes below 20H space are reserved for addressable RS232 interface control In this manual 20H etc means 20 in hexadecimal Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes All instruments intended for use on the addressable RS232 bus use the following set of interface control codes Codes between 00H and 1FH which are not listed here as having a particular meaning are reserved for future use and will be ignored Mixing interface control codes inside instrument commands is not allowed except as stated below for CR and LF codes and XON and XOFF codes When an instrument is first powered on it will automatically enter the non addressable mode In this mode the instrument is not addressable and will not respond to any address commands This allows the instrument to function as a normal RS232 controllable device This mode may be locked by sending the Lock Non Addressable mode control code 04H The controller and instrument can now freely use all 8 bit codes and binary blocks but all interface control codes are ignored To return to addressable mode the instrument must be powered off To enable addressable mode after an instrument has been powered on the Set Addressable Mode control code 02H must be sent This
46. used to initiate a burst this generator is set up as described in the previous section With ext selected the specified edge of the signal at TRIG IN is used to initiate a burst With chan x selected multi channel instruments only the trigger out signal from an adjacent channel is used to initiate a burst the source of the trigger out signal on that channel x is set up as described in Adjacent Channel Trigger Output above With man selected as the source the only ways to initiate a burst are by pressing the MAN TRIG key or by issuing a remote command In multi channel instruments pressing MAN TRIG will trigger all those channels for which man has been selected as the source Trigger Edge The slope soft key is used to select the edge positive or negative of the external trigger signal used to initiate a burst The default setting of positive should be used for triggering by the internal trigger generator or an adjacent channel s trigger out Note that the trigger signal from SYNC OUT used for synchronizing the display of a triggered burst on an oscilloscope for example is always positive going at the start of the burst Burst Count The number of complete cycles in each burst following the trigger is set from the TRIGGER GATE SETUP screen called by pressing setup onthe MODE screen TRIGGER GATE SETUP burst cnt 0000001 Ophase 000 02 actual 000 0 The required count can be set by pressing the burst cnt soft key
47. waveforms and is controlled from the previous channel or from an external generator via the MODULATION input socket Signal summing is available for all waveforms and is controlled from the previous channel or from an external generator via the SUM input socket All waveforms are available as a triggered burst whereby each active edge of the trigger signal will produce one burst of the carrier The number of cycles in the burst can be set between 1 and 1 048 575 The gated mode turns the output signal on when the gating signal is true and off when it is false Both triggered and gated modes can be operated from the previous or next channel from the internal trigger generator 0 005 Hz to 100 kHz from an external source dc to 1 MHz or by a key press or remote command Any number of channels can be synchronized with user defined phase angle between channels This can be used to generate multi phase waveforms or synchronized waveforms of different frequencies The signals from the REF IN OUT socket and the SYNC OUT socket can be used to synchronize two instruments where more than 4 channels are required The generator parameters are clearly displayed on a backlit LCD with 4 rows of 20 characters Soft keys and sub menus are used to guide the user through even the most complex functions All parameters can be entered directly from the numeric keypad Alternatively most parameters can be incremented or decremented using the rotary control Th
48. 0 4 6 1996 Conducted RF 3 V 80 AM at 1 kHz AC line only signal connections 3 m not tested Performance A According to EN61326 the definitions of performance criteria are Performance criterion A During test normal performance within the specification limits Performance criterion B During test temporary degradation or loss of function or performance which is self recovering Performance criterionC During test temporary degradation or loss of function or performance which requires operator intervention or system reset occurs A cautions To ensure continued compliance with the EMC directive the following precautions should be observed a connect the generator to other equipment using only high quality double screened cables iii b after opening the case for any reason ensure that all signal and ground connections are remade correctly before replacing the cover Always ensure all case screws are correctly refitted and tightened c Inthe event of part replacement becoming necessary only use components of an identical type see the Service Manual Table of Contents Chapter Title Page STEEN i EMG Compliance cete tae ren We nannies iii EU Sit Cre e teret Red eter e tbt 111 Hii EE 111 1 Introduction and Specifications eere 1 1 Introduction aute tee qu as we pra eei haces 1 2 ege e TEE 1 2 Specifications CREE 1 4 WAaVeloEms E 1 4 Standard W
49. 1234 or 123 4 exp 6 again the display will always show the entry in the most appropriate engineering units Note that some rounding may occur when switching between frequency and period or vice versa Square wave generated by clock synthesis has 8 digit resolution for both frequency and period entry Turning the rotary control will increment or decrement the numeric value in steps determined by the position of the edit cursor flashing underline the cursor is moved with the left and right arrowed cursor keys Note that the upper frequency limits vary for the different waveform types refer to the Specifications section in chapter 1 for details Amplitude Pressing the AMPL key gives the AMPLITUDE screen AMPLITUDE 20 0 Vpp Vpp Vrms 0 dBm load hiZ0 The waveform amplitude can be set in terms of peak to peak volts Vpp rms volts Vrms or dBm referenced to a 50 Q or 600 load For Vpp and Vrms the level can be set assuming that the output is open circuit Load hiZ or terminated load 50Q or load 6000 when dBm is selected termination is always assumed and the load biz setting is automatically changed to 10ad 5090 Note that the actual generator output impedance is always 50 2 the displayed amplitude values for 600 Q termination take this into account With the appropriate form of the amplitude selected indicated by the filled diamond the amplitude can be entered directly from the keyboard in integer floating
50. 2 Pressing the SWEEP key or the sweep set up soft key on the MODE screen displays the SWEEP SETUP screen SWEEP SETUP offt range type 0 time spacing 0 marker 0 Sweep Operation 6 Setting sweep parameters Menus for setting up the range time sweep rate type continuous triggered etc spacing lin log and marker position are all accessed from this screen using the appropriate soft key Sweep mode itself is turned on and off with alternate presses of the on off soft key sweep can also be turned on by the sweep soft key on the MODE screen On multi channel instruments two or more channels can be swept at once The channels to be swept are set on or off by selecting them in turn with the appropriate SETUP key and then using the on off soft key of the SWEEP SETUP screen On all the following menus pressing the done soft key returns the display to this SWEEP SETUP screen Sweep Range Pressing the range soft key calls the SWEEP RANGE screen SWEEP RANGE start 100 0 kHz stop 10 00 MHz Qcentr span done The maximum sweep range for all waveforms is 1 mHz to 40 MHz including triangle ramp and square wave which have different limits in unswept operation Sweep range can be defined by start and stop frequencies or in terms of a centre frequency and span start and stop soft keys permit the two end points of the sweep to be set directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control The start
51. 232 interface with XON XOFF handshaking Pins 7 8 and 9 are additionally used when the instrument is used in addressable RS232 mode Signal grounds are connected to instrument ground The RS232 address is set from the remote menu on the UTILITY screen see System Operations from the Utility Menu Connections 3 Rear Panel Connections GPIB IEEE 488 The GPIB interface is not isolated the GPIB signal grounds are connected to the instrument ground The implemented subsets are SH1 AHI T6 TEO L4 LEO SR1 RL1 PP1 DC1 DTI CO E2 The GPIB address is set from the remote menu on the UTILITY screen see System Operations from the Utility Menu USB The USB port is connected to instrument ground It accepts a standard USB cable If USB has been selected as the current interface and the driver has been installed from the CD the Windows Plug and Play function should automatically recognize that the instrument has been connected See the USB folder on the CD for information on installing the driver on a PC MEMORY CARD The MEMORY CARD slot accepts a standard Compact Flash card with capacities from 32 MB to 1 GB The MEMORY CARD ACTIVE lamp on the front panel is lit during memory card reads and writes 3 5 291 292 294 Users Manual 3 6 Title Introduction Initial Operation Switching On Display Contrast Keyboard Principles of Editing
52. 3 6 connector GPIB 17 6 RS232 17 3 USB 17 6 copy channel 15 4 D daisy chain 1 11 17 3 data entry 4 3 dc offset attenuation 5 4 DDS mode 4 6 delays hardware 13 7 direct digital synthesis 4 5 4 6 display 4 2 DTMF 1 7 8 3 12 2 dual tone multi frequency 1 7 E editing principles of 4 3 error messages 5 5 15 2 external clock 9 13 10 3 10 7 external trigger 7 2 F features 1 2 filter 1 5 9 16 flash card reader 14 2 forced trigger 7 5 formatting memory card 14 3 frequency sequence 9 14 frequency shift keying 8 3 frequency synchronizing 13 2 fuse 2 2 G gate polarity 7 6 source 7 6 gated mode 1 6 GPIB 1 11 3 5 error handling 17 7 interface 17 6 parallel poll 17 7 remote commands 17 11 status reporting 17 8 H hold 10 8 arb waveforms 9 15 manual 10 8 hold in 1 9 3 3 l TEEE 488 1 11 3 5 initial operation 4 2 input arb clock 1 9 3 4 hold 1 9 3 3 modulation 1 8 3 3 ref clock 1 9 3 3 sum 1 9 3 3 12 2 trig 3 3 trigger 1 8 inputs 1 8 inter channel modulation 1 9 operation 1 9 sum 1 10 synchronization 1 10 triggering 1 10 interface GPIB 17 6 remote 1 11 USB 17 6 internal trigger generator 1 7 7 2 K key ampl 4 3 5 3 copy ch 4 3 15 4 data entry 4 3 filter 9 16 freq 4 3 5 2 inter ch 4 3 local 17 2 man hold 4 3 10 8 man trig 4 3 mode 4 3 modulation 4 3 numer
53. 500 KHz and 5 MHz e Square waves which are 2 point clock synthesized waveforms will not reliably synchronize to other clock synthesized waveforms 13 4 eee 3 Synchronizing two generators e Pulse and pulse train waveforms will synchronize to other pulse and pulse train waveforms and with each other but should be built with equal periods e Arb waveforms should be the same length although this is not forced and does not create an error message When synchronization is turned on with the status soft key the slaves are re synchronized automatically after every phase or frequency setting change This re synchronization may depending on the type of waveforms used cause an interruption of the waveforms as the phases are established The following show the different possibilities when a frequency is changed DDS waveforms with master mode set There will always be an interruption but this is the only condition which allows the frequencies of the waveform to be different DDS waveforms with master freq mode Set The frequencies of the waveforms will be the same and there will be no interruption Clock synthesized waveforms Master freq mode will be set automatically and there will always be an interruption when the frequency is changed Clock synthesized waveforms with external arb clock selected This is the recommended method for synchronizing arbs and pulses The channels must have external arb clock selected before they are syn
54. 61010A 1 Complies with EN61326 291 292 294 Users Manual Chapter 2 Installation Title Page AC Supply Voltages cite ceases pe Aneel i e pd 2 2 USC PLE 2 2 AC Supply Cable exe ee eda ay ee te tosta 2 2 Mounting donostiarra ter tot e Ie eer eei Coe ear el EE 2 2 Ventilation A ada 2 2 2 1 291 292 294 Users Manual AC Supply Voltage Check that the instrument operating voltage marked on the rear panel is correct for the local supply If it is necessary to change the operating voltage follow the procedure described in Appendix A Fuse Ensure that the correct mains fuse is fitted for the set operating voltage The correct mains fuse types are listed in Appendix A together with instructions for fuse replacement AC Supply Cable A A Warning To avoid the possibility of electric shock this instrument must be earthed Any interruption of the mains earth conductor inside or outside the instrument will make the instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without a protective conductor When a three core mains lead with bare ends is provided it should be connected as follows Brown Mains Live Blue Mains Neutral Green Yellow Mains Earth Mounting This instrument is suitable both for bench use and rack mounting It is delivered with feet for bench mounting The front feet include a tilt mechanism for optimal panel a
55. Bit RAM ADDRESS 8 Top Bits PHASE 44 Bit CLOCK sets to 0000 INCREMENT REGISTER PHASE ACCUMULATOR shc0006f emf Figure 4 3 Direct Digital Synthesis Mode On each clock cycle the phase increment which has been loaded into the phase increment register by the CPU is added to the current result in the phase accumulator the 12 most significant bits of the phase accumulator drive the lower 12 RAM address lines the upper 8 RAM address lines being held low The output waveform frequency is now determined by the size of the phase increment at each clock If each increment is the same size then the output frequency is constant if it changes the output frequency changes as in sweep mode The generator uses a 44 bit accumulator and a 100 MHz clock frequency the frequency setting resolution is 0 1 mHz Only the 12 most significant bits of the phase accumulator are used to address the RAM At a waveform frequency equal to the clock frequency divided by 4096 approximately 24 4 kHz the natural frequency the RAM address increments at every clock At all frequencies below this i e at smaller phase increments one or more addresses are output for more than one clock period because the phase increment is not big enough to step the address at every clock Similarly at frequencies above the natural frequency the larger phase increment causes some addresses to be skipped giving the effect of the stored waveform being sampled different points will
56. C FLUKE CORPORATION MADE IN UK www fluke com Figure G 5 Model 294 Rear Panel shc0018f gif G G 3 291 292 294 Users Manual A AC supply 2 2 adding waveforms 12 2 address remote 17 2 addressable RS232 17 3 17 4 adjacent channel trigger 7 3 amplitude modulation 1 9 arb clock in 1 9 3 4 arb clock out 1 9 arb waveforms 9 2 amplitude 9 9 9 15 block copy 9 8 copying 9 4 9 8 creating 9 4 editing 9 7 external clock 9 13 frequency 9 13 hold 9 15 information 9 6 insert wave 9 8 inversion 9 10 markers 9 10 modifying 9 5 offset 9 10 principles 9 2 renaming 9 6 selecting 9 3 sequence 9 11 sync out 9 15 terms used 9 2 wave insert 9 8 attenuator 5 4 auxiliary sine out 1 8 B Baud rate selection 17 2 beep 5 6 15 2 Index burst count 7 4 done 3 2 5 6 mode 7 3 start phase 7 5 QS calibration 16 2 remote 16 6 card reader 14 2 character set RS232 17 4 cleaning 18 2 clipping 12 2 clock synthesis 4 5 clock external 9 13 10 3 command list 17 11 commands amplitude 17 12 arb create delete 17 13 arb edit 17 15 channel selection 17 12 dc offset 17 12 frequency 17 12 input output 17 18 miscellaneous 17 21 mode 17 18 modulation 17 19 period 17 12 remote 17 10 sequence 17 17 status 17 19 summary 17 22 synchronizing 17 19 waveform selection 17 13 compact flash 14 2 connections sweep 6 2 synchronization 1
57. EE QUESO SERA ERES UNE DOS VERRE 3 1 Front panel connections diese NEES Een 3 2 MAIN OUT EE 3 2 SYNC OUT ee eU ehe t E RENI UN 3 2 TRIG DN ii ertet Bee mete tere deett tete qt 3 3 SUMEN yess aes testy engl eet te eut tete teda eite ideis 3 3 MODUDLATION een potett deed ette he eene eere ie Rete rer fede 3 3 Rear Panel Connections ege 3 3 REE CLOCK IN OUD ai het tree nette eter iei e 3 3 HOLD IN iet te He De eter a ete coe eet te eig 3 3 ARB CLOCK IN OUL test etece idera IUe Rt ERE ERR REEF taras 3 4 MAIN OU WEE 3 4 RRS AS PAEAN ret etti t e EE ee EET 3 4 GPIB IBEE 488 2 netu eere ite tte ee ites 3 5 USB T e a e e e e aa 3 5 MEMORY CARD enee a a 3 5 Initial Operation uti add 4 1 eer e e EE 4 2 IER RL P 4 2 SWitchimg mz id mereri 4 2 Display Contrast estan eee de te eat eed reeds 4 2 IK GY peru EE E Pa ese iiS 4 2 Principles Of Editing tse eee ue Hee eae dapes 4 3 Principles of Operations eet o eit rro ee Leste te Pe tete deerit ette 4 5 Clock Synthesis Mode n cedat e t Hie ce 4 5 DDS Mode i rb tee t tere e c ep a Pe E E De 4 6 Standard Waveforms cima ia 5 1 lte Me le EE 5 2 Standard Waveform Operation essere nennen nennen 5 2 Setting Generator Parameters reisi enie eeii rennen nennen nennen 5 2 Waveform Selection viii iade dida 5 2 Erequency E 5 2 Amplit da r e Un AA 5 3 DC ST rentis teme ert e tede e teo ein 5 4 Warning and Error Messages sees eee cnn nono nono nc rn nann
58. FLUKE 291 292 294 100 MS s Arbitrary Waveform Generators Users Manual March 2006 2006 Fluke Corporation All rights reserved Printed in USA All product names are trademarks of their respective companies LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service The warranty period is one year and begins on the date of shipment Parts product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days This warranty extends only to the original buyer or end user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller and does not apply to fuses disposable batteries or to any product which in Fluke s opinion has been misused altered neglected contaminated or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling Fluke warrants that software will operate substantially in accordance with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly recorded on non defective media Fluke does not warrant that software will be error free or operate without interruption Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price Fluke reserves the right to i
59. ING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty or exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages the limitations and exclusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision maker of competent jurisdiction such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision Fluke Corporation Fluke Europe B V P O Box 9090 P O Box 1186 Everett WA 98206 9090 5602 BD Eindhoven U S A The Netherlands 11 99 To register your product online visit register fluke com Safety This generator is a Safety Class I instrument according to IEC classification and has been designed to meet the requirements of EN61010 1 2001 Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use It is an Installation Category II instrument intended for operation from a normal single phase supply This instrument has been tested in accordance with EN61010 1 CSA 22 2 No 61010 1 04 and UL 61010A 1 and has been supplied in a safe condition This instruction manual contains some information and warnings which have
60. PC treats the card as a removable hard disk and leaves the first cylinder blank Any card formatted FAT16 by the instrument should work in a PC When a new or newly formatted card is inserted in the instrument for the first time it will be prepared for use by adding two directories to the root These are WAVES ARB Memory Card Ed 4 where waveforms are stored and SETUP ARB where instrument set ups are stored The instrument will use these directories exclusively for its files Each directory may hold up to 510 files disk capacity permitting If more than 510 files are stored in these directories some will be invisible to the instrument because its directory cache buffers are a finite size Formatting Pressing the memory card soft key calls the MEMORY CARD screen MEMORY CARD 61 O0MB label TESTARB3 free 59 6MB format sort dir The screen displays the memory card size its name and the unused capacity If either the WAVES or SETUP directories are full the screen will show free 0 OMB The instrument requires cards formatted with the FAT16 file system see above This is the standard format for new card with capacities from 32 MB to 1 GB but previously used cards may have been reformatted elsewhere To reformat as FAT16 press the format soft key followed by ok on the subsequent screen The instrument will warn that re formatting will cause any data on the card to be lost Saving Files to a Memory Card When
61. PE command are as follows bit 7 x don t care bit 6 1 bit 5 1 parallel poll enable bit 4 0 bit 3 sense sense of the response bit 0 low 1 high bit 2 bit 1 bit position of the response bit U 7 For example to return the RQS bit bit 6 of the Status Byte Register as a 1 when true and a 0 when false in bit position 1 in response to a parallel poll operation send the following commands PRE 64 lt pmt gt then PPC followed by 69H PPE The parallel poll response from the generator will then be 00H if RQS is 0 and 01H if RQS is 1 During parallel poll response the DIO interface lines are resistively terminated passive termination This allows multiple devices to share the same response bit position in either wired AND or wired OR configuration see IEEE 488 1 for more information Status Reporting This section describes the complete status model of the instrument Note that some registers are specific to the GPIB section of the instrument and are of limited use in an RS232 environment Standard Event Status and Standard Event Status Enable Registers 17 8 These two registers are implemented as required by the IEEE std 488 2 Any bits set in the Standard Event Status Register which correspond to bits set in the Standard Event Status Enable Register will cause the ESB bit to be set in the Status Byte Register The Standard Event Status Register is read and
62. S and PLL generated waveforms 4 Frequency tracking is enabled mode master freq but the frequencies are not the same on all channels If clock synthesized waveforms are synchronized the mode will be forced to frequency tracking A synchronized channel is not set to continuous mode An attempt is made to turn on synchronization with a frequency set too high 7 An attempt is made to set the frequency too high with synchronization on This error does not set synchronization to off the system simply inhibits the setting of the incorrect frequency In addition to the illegal setting combinations there are further considerations which affect the phase resolution and accuracy between channels see below 13 3 291 292 294 Users Manual Phase Setting Between Channels The inter channel set up screen also has a field for setting up the phase of the slaves with respect to the master fmode indep phase 000 0 actual 000 0 Ostatus off view Selecting the phase soft key allows the phase to be set by direct keyboard entry or by rotary control Setting the phase of a slave positive advances the waveform of the slave with respect to the master setting it negative delays the slave with respect to the master The phase of each slave channel can be set independently The phase of the master can also be set although this is intended primarily for use in phase synchronization between two generators If both the master and the sl
63. Warning hazardous voltages may be present Conforms to European Union directives EN61010 1 2001 EN61326 Verified by MET to be in conformance with relevant US and Canadian Standards CSA 22 2 No 61010 1 04 UL 61010A 1 Do not mix with solid waste stream Dispose using a qualified recycler or hazardous material handler Protective Earth Ground EMC Compliance This instrument meets the requirements of the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC Compliance was demonstrated by meeting the test limits of the following standards Emissions EN61326 1998 EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use Test limits used were a Radiated Class A b Conducted Class B c Harmonics EN61000 3 2 2000 Class A the instrument is Class A by product category Immunity EN61326 1998 EMC product standard for Electrical Equipment for Measurement Control and Laboratory Use Test methods limits and performance achieved were a EN61000 4 2 1995 Electrostatic Discharge 4 kV air 4 kV contact Performance A b EN61000 4 3 1997 Electromagnetic Field 3 V m 80 AM at 1 kHz Performance A c EN61000 4 11 1994 Voltage Interrupt 1 cycle 100 96 Performance A d EN61000 4 4 1995 Fast Transient 1 kV peak ac line 0 5 kV peak signal lines and RS232 GPIB ports Performance A e EN61000 4 5 1995 Surge 0 5 KV line to line 1 kV line to ground Performance A f EN6100
64. a hexadecimal character data block To re install the set up the block should be returned to the instrument exactly as it is received The syntax of the response is LRN lt Character data gt lt rmt gt The settings in the instrument are not affected by execution of the LRN command Install data for a previous LRN command Resets the instrument parameters to their default values see Appendix Recalls the instrument set up contained in store lt cpd gt There must be a memory card containing a set up file named lt cpd gt in the instrument Recalling store named sets all parameters to the default settings see Appendix Saves the complete instrument set up to the set up file named lt cpd gt There must be a memory card with space for the set up file in the instrument This command is the same as pressing the MAN TRIG key Its effect will depend on the context in which it is asserted The interface command Group Execute Trigger GET will perform the same action as TRG Copy the parameters from the current set up channel to channel lt nrf gt Set hold mode ON OFF ENAB or lt DISAB gt The ON or OFF forms are the same as pressing the MAN HOLD key The ENAB and DISAB forms are channel specific and enable or disable the action of the MAN HOLD key or HOLD input Set the output filter to AUTO lt ELIP gt lt BESS gt or lt NONE gt Set the frequency of the system clock to lt nrf
65. a list of menus which give access to various system operations including storing recalling set ups from a memory card error messages power on settings and calibration Each of the following operations is accessed by pressing the appropriate soft key on the UTILITY MENU Press UTILITY again at any time to return to the main utility menu Channel Waveform Information Pressing chan wfm info calls the CHANNEL WFM INFO screen CHANNEL WFM INFO waveforms 3 free mem 142146 exit This screen shows the number of arbitrary waveforms currently resident in the instrument s high speed memory and the number of free points for further waveforms This is useful when constructing a large sequence of many waveforms as a guide to the spare memory remaining Warnings and Error Messages The default set up is for all warning and error messages to be displayed and for a beep to sound with each message This set up can be changed on the error menu error beep ON error message ON warn beep ON warn message ON Each feature can be turned ON or OFF with alternate presses of the appropriate soft key The last two error messages can be viewed by pressing the last error soft key Each message has a number and the full list appears in the appendix See also Warnings and Error Messages in chapter 5 Standard Waveforms Remote Interface Set Up Pressing remote calls the REMOTE set up screen which permits RS232 GPIB and USB
66. able RS232 Connections For addressable RS232 operation pins 7 8 and 9 of the instrument connector are also used Using a simple cable assembly a daisy chain connection system between any number of instruments up to the maximum of 32 can be made as shown below CONTROLLER il ade dl RHET TO NEXT INSTRUMENT shc0011f emf Figure 17 2 RS232 Daisy Chained Instruments The daisy chain consists of the transmit data TXD receive data RXD and signal ground lines only There are no control handshake lines This makes XON XOFF protocol essential and allows the interconnection between instruments to contain just 3 wires The wiring of the adaptor cable is shown below 17 3 291 292 294 Users Manual 9 WAY D 9 WAY D FEMALE MALE DCD 1 O 1 RX 2 2 lt TX TX 3 3 gt RX DTR A O4 GND 5 5 GND DSR 4 6 O6 RTS 7 cut O7 CTS lt 8 O8 Ri 44 9 O O9 UP TOWARDS O O O DOWN TOWARDS CONTROLLER 123456789 OTHER INSTRUMENTS 9 WAY D 4 i Ster 4 MALE CONNECTOR TX RX TXIN RXOUT shc0012f emf Figure 17 3 RS232 Daisy Chain Connector Wiring All instruments on the interface must be set to the same baud rate and all must be powered on otherwise instruments further down the daisy chain will not receive any data or commands The other parameters are fixed as follows Start Bits 1 Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 RS232 Character Set Because of the need for XON XOFF handshake it is possible
67. ad hiz If the amplitude is now reduced to say 250 mV p p this introduces the attenuator and the actual dc offset changes by the appropriate factor 5 4 Standard Waveforms 5 Warning and Error Messages DC OFFSET program 1 50 Vdc actual 151 mVdc load hiZ0 The above display shows that the set dc offset is 1 50 V but the actual offset is 151 mV Note The actual offset value also takes into account the true attenuation provided by the fixed attenuator using the values determined during the calibration procedure In the example displayed the output signal is 250 mV p p exactly and takes account of the small error in the fixed attenuator the offset is 151 mV to three significant figures and takes account of the effect of the calibrated attenuation error on the set offset of 1 50 V Whenever the set dc offset is modified by a subsequent change in output level the display shows a warning message Similarly settings which would result in peak offset signal levels outside the range 10 V and therefore clipping generate a similar warning message There is additional information on these messages in the Warnings and Error Messages section below The output attenuation is controlled intelligently to minimize the difference between the programmed and actual offset when the combination of programmed amplitude and offset allows this Thus when the offset is set to 150 mV for example the amplitude can be reduced to nomina
68. adjustable in 10 us steps 3 digit resolution Available for external use from any SYNC OUT socket Outputs Main Output one for each channel Output impedance Amplitude Amplitude accuracy Amplitude flatness DC offset range DC offset accuracy 50 Q 5 mV to 20 V p p open circuit 2 5 mV to 10V p p into 50 Q Amplitude can be specified open circuit hi Z or into an assumed load of 50 Q or 600 Q in V p p Vrms or dBm 2 1 mV at 1 kHz into 50 Q 0 2 dB to 1 MHz 0 4 dB to 40 MHz 10 V DC offset plus signal peak limited to 10 V from 50 Q Typically 3 10 mV unattenuated 1 7 291 292 294 Users Manual 1 8 Sync Output Resolution 3 digits or 1 mV for both amplitude and dc offset one for each channel Multifunction output user definable or automatically selected to be any of the following Waveform sync all waveforms Position markers arbitrary only Burst done Sequence sync Trigger Sweep sync Phase lock out Output signal level Auxiliary sine out Frequency range Output signal level System clock Frequency range Frequency range Signal range Minimum pulse width Polarity Input impedance Modulation In Frequency range Signal range A square wave with 50 96 duty cycle at the main waveform frequency or a pulse coincident with the first few points of an arbitrary waveform Any point s on the waveform may have associat
69. and stopped from this screen using the run and stop soft keys sequence can also be switched on from the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen with the sequence softkey The segs field shows the number of segments in the sequence there is always at least 1 segment Sequence Set Up Pressing the sequence setup soft key on the SEQUENCE screen or the setup soft key next to sequence on the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen calls the sequence set up screen seg 0002 of wfm WFM3 step on count Gent 00001 done Repeated presses of the seg soft key steps the display through the set ups of each of the 1024 segments of the sequence With the exception of segment 1 which is always on and therefore has no on off soft key the segment set ups are identical in format When segment 1 is displayed the segs field shows the total number of segments in the current sequence The segment to be set up is selected with the seg soft key the segments can be selected in sequence with repeated presses of the soft key by using the rotary control or by numeric entry Once the segment to be edited has been set the waveform for that segment is selected with the w m waveform soft key the list of all arbitrary waveforms already created is stepped through with repeated presses of the wfm soft key or by using the rotary control The criterion for stepping between waveform segments is set by the step on soft key The default setting is step on count which mea
70. and the instrument complies with IEEE Std 488 1 1987 and IEEE Std 488 2 1987 17 6 Remote Operation GPIB Interface GPIB Subsets This instrument contains the following IEEE 488 1 subsets Source Handshake SHI Acceptor Handshake AHI Talker T6 Listener L4 Service Request SR1 Remote Local RL1 Parallel Poll PP1 Device Clear DCI Device Trigger DT1 Controller CU Electrical Interface E2 GPIB IEEE Std 488 2 Error Handling The IEEE 488 2 UNTERMINATED error addressed to talk with nothing to say is handled as follows If the instrument is addressed to talk and the response formatter is inactive and the input queue is empty then the UNTERMINATED error is generated This will cause the Query Error bit to be set in the Standard Event Status Register a value of 3 to be placed in the Query Error Register and the parser to be reset The IEEE 488 2 INTERRUPTED error is handled as follows If the response formatter is waiting to send a response message anda lt PROGRAM MESSAGE TERMINATOR gt has been read by the parser or the input queue contains more than one END message then the instrument has been INTERRUPTED and an error is generated This will cause the Query Error bit to be set in the Standard Event Status Register a value of 1 to be placed in the Query Error Register and the response formatter to be reset thus clearing the output queue The parser will then start parsing the next lt PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT gt from the input queue Th
71. anel MAN HOLD key stops the waveform at the current level on all enabled channels pressing MAN HOLD a second time restarts the waveform from that level Ifthe ARB HOLD INPUT screen is currently selected the status field will change from no hold to manual hold while the waveform is paused 9 15 291 292 294 Users Manual Output Filter Setting The output filter type is automatically chosen by the software to give the best signal quality for the selected waveform The choice can however be overridden by the user and this is most probably a requirement with arbitrary waveforms To change the filter press the FILTER key to call the FILTER SETUP screen FILTER SETUP mode auto type 40MHz eliptic The default mode is auto which means that the software selects the most appropriate filter With the setting on auto the type can be changed manually but the choice will revert to the automatic selection as soon as any relevant parameter is changed To override the automatic choice press the mode softkey to select manual The three filter choices which are either automatically selected or set manually with the type softkey are as follows 40MHz elliptic The automatic choice for sine cosine haversine havercosine sin x x and triangle Would be the better choice for arb waveforms with an essentially sinusoidal content 20MHz Bessel The automatic choice for positive and negative ramps arb and sequence No filter The automatic
72. annels Internal sum uses the previous channel as the source so that for example channel 2 can be added into channel 3 internal sum is not available on channel 1 or on a single channel instrument Summing shares some of the generator s inter channel resources with the modulation modes as a result neither internal nor external sum can be used with internal modulation but external modulation is still possible with sum To better understand the constraints the following sections and chapter 11 Modulation should be read with reference to the block diagrams at the end of the manual These show the control signals in a single channel and the inter channel connections The diagrams also show the inter channel trigger connections described in chapter 7 Triggered Burst and Gate in general inter channel triggering is possible simultaneously with summing External Sum 12 2 In sum mode an external signal applied to the SUM input is summed with the waveform s on the specified channel s The same sum input signal can be used at different amplitudes with each of the channels with which it is summed Pressing the SUM key calls the SUM set up screen source ext 2 00 Vpp Pressing the source soft key steps the sum source between off external and CHx where x is the number of the previous channel With ext selected the screen is as shown above Clipping will occur if the sum input level attempts to drive the channel amplitude above
73. ary waveform is selected any point s on the main waveform may have associated marker bit s set high or low These will then show as pulses when position marker is selected burst done Produces a pulse coincident with the last cycle of the burst sequence sync Produces a pulse coincident with the end of a waveform sequence trigger Selects the current trigger signal internal external or manual Useful for synchronizing burst or gated signals sweep sync Outputs the sweep trigger and sweep marker signals phase lock Used to synchronize two or more generators Produces a positive edge at the 0 phase point The setting up of the signals themselves is discussed in the relevant sections later in this manual Triggering is described in the Triggered Burst and Gate chapter and position marker in the Arbitrary Waveform Generation chapter Pressing the SYNC OUT key calls the SYNC OUT set up screen Standard Waveforms Synchronization Output SYNC OUT output on mode auto Zero waveform sync SYNC OUT is turned on and off by alternate presses of the output soft key The selection of the signal to be output from the SYNC OUT socket is made using the src source soft key repeated presses of src cycle the selection through all the choices waveform sync position marker etc listed above Alternatively with the src selected double headed arrow the rotary control or cursor keys can be used to step backwards and forwards th
74. ate soft key and make entries directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control Entries in the range 4096 to 4095 will be accepted this permits in the extreme waveform sections with values at the 2048 limit to be offset to the opposite limit of 2047 Warnings are given when the offset causes clipping but the entry is still accepted The original waveform can be restored by pressing the undo soft key Offset edit operates on the version of the waveform in the channel currently selected by the channel set up keys the effect of the edit can be seen by selecting the waveform to run on that channel When the offset has been modified as required the new waveform can be saved by pressing the save key once saved the original waveform cannot be recovered Pressing save amp exit returnstothe EDIT FUNCTIONS screen after the save has been implemented To exit the WAVE OFFSET edit without saving changes press undo then save amp exit Wave Invert Pressing the wave invert soft key calls the INVERT screen INVERT WEM1 start adrs 0000512 stop adrs 0000750 Yexit invert The waveform or a section of it defined by the start and stop addresses can be inverted Set the addresses by pressing the appropriate soft key and making entries directly from the keyboard or using the rotary control The data values over the specified section of the waveform are inverted about 0000 each time the invert soft key is pressed Press exit tor
75. ation commands allow a simplified version of manual calibration to be performed by issuing commands from the controller The controller must send the CALADJ command repeatedly and read the DVM or frequency meter until the required result for the selected calibration step is achieved The CALSTEP command is then issued to accept the new value and move to the next step While in remote calibration mode very little error checking is performed and it is the controller s responsibility to ensure that everything progresses correctly Only the following commands should be used during calibration Important note Using any other commands while in calibration mode may give unpredictable results and could cause the instrument to lock up requiring the power to be cycled to regain control CALIBRATION lt cpd gt nrf The calibration control command lt cpd gt can be one of three sub commands START Enter calibration mode this command must be issued before any other calibration commands will be recognized SAVE Finish calibration save the new values and exit calibration mode ABORT Finish calibration do not save the new values and exit calibration mode lt nrf gt represents the calibration password The password is only required with CALIBRATION START and then only if a non zero password has been set from the instrument s keyboard The password will be ignored and will give no errors at all other times It is not possible to set or change
76. atus values are set at power on Status Byte Register 0 Service Request Enable Register 0 Standard Event Status Register 128 pon bit set Standard Event Status Enable Register 0 Execution Error Register 0 Query Error Register 0 Parallel Poll Enable Register f 0 Registers marked thus are specific to the GPIB section of the instrument and are of limited use in an RS232 environment The instrument will be in local state with the keyboard active The instrument parameters at power on are determined on the POWER ON SETTING screen accessed from the UTILITY menu If restore last setup or recall store no nn has been set and a defined state is required by the controller at start up then the command RST should be used to load the system defaults If for any reason an error is detected at power up in the nonvolatile ram a warning will be issued and all settings will be returned to their default states as for a RST command Remote commands RS232 Remote Command Formats 17 10 Serial input to the instrument is buffered in a 256 byte input queue which is filled under interrupt in a manner transparent to all other instrument operations The instrument will send XOFF when approximately 200 characters are in the queue XON will be sent when approximately 100 free spaces become available in the queue after XOFF was sent This queue contains raw un parsed data which is parsed as it is required Commands and queries are executed in
77. aveloMS inicia aed Meu 1 4 Arbitrary E e CN 1 5 E UE 1 5 Output EMter z eee om n ete athe ehe espe ib ete Hot ire lee fase hee eine 1 5 NOISE uscar daa 1 5 Operating modes neue e ee ret licita 1 6 deer BEE 1 6 Gated es ih E 1 6 SWEEP ii si hua iia eamque amem 1 6 Tone eu EE 1 7 A ene DRE IR ERE EE eU dete 1 7 A NA 1 7 A O Le EE 1 7 Sync Output iiie fei erue ere PERPE PH ERE e Ree 1 8 Auxiliary SINE OU idee ees eege tere gedoe cathe 1 8 System clock sb etr t ete d aM eee d ed oue 1 8 Inputs 23 5 eee re dn ouium enu 1 8 bora m E 1 8 Modulation In ess sett tite pe EE sade Ree ER es cene betes 1 8 SUIT LEE 1 9 Hold ise Ens 1 9 Ref Clock n O t 3 1 I orte d pet one ite e Pe i Me tee 1 9 Arb Clock A 2 onem elton REPE is 1 9 Int r Channel Op ration ere rte ree atn bre poet 1 9 291 292 294 Users Manual Inter Channel Modulation eese 1 9 Inter Channel Analog Summing esee 1 10 Inter Channel Synchronization sees eee eee ee eee 1 10 Inter Channel TABS cerati tr e einen 1 10 Interfaces iacere tere e e oH Oo ters 1 11 General deiecit itio tee teri Rt be Re i GS ee conven HOD 1 11 Installation M 2 1 AC Supply aT T het rate CO E Nee 2 2 Ese i used tue e ti te eui ope bte e Pu HO Ts 2 2 AC Supply Cable tait tert P HERR e erbe RD stabs 2 2 Mounino eenaa tan e tme ac tue AM Cooter ke de 2 2 Ventilation ii IA esata e TRE 2 2 Connections ness seb cis ih E PS
78. aves are set to 90 say on the same generator then the waveforms will all be in phase again if the master is set to 90 and the slaves set to 90 the master and slave waveforms will be 180 out of phase DDS generated waveforms can be synchronized with 0 1 resolution up to their maximum available frequency The phase locking resolution of arbitrary waveforms will be less than 0 1 for waveforms of less than 3600 points The phase is fixed at 0 for pulses pulse trains and sequences Below is a summary of the phase control and frequency range for different waveforms Waveform Max waveform Phase control frequency range resolution Sine cosine haversine havercosine 40 MHz 360 0 1 Square 50 MHz 360 180 Triangle 500 kHz 360 0 1 Ramp 500 kHz 360 0 1 Sin x x 500 kHz 360 0 1 Pulse amp Pulse Train 40 MHz 360 360 length or 0 1 Arbitrary 100 MS s clock 360 360 length or 0 1 Sequence 100 MS s clock 0 only Other Synchronizing Considerations The Master Slave Allocation and Phase Setting sections contain tables of specific limitations on the selection of frequency waveform type and phase setting range and resolution The following further points should also be considered e The waveform filters introduce a frequency dependent delay above about 1 MHz this will affect the accuracy of the phase between synchronized waveforms at different frequencies e g
79. be given if illegal operations are attempted As a general rule modification of a current waveform should only be implemented with the generator running in continuous mode Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms With a memory card plugged in press the ARB key to see the list of all the arbitrary waveforms held on the card ARBITRARY WAVEFORMS OWFM1 4096 OWFM2 11000 SPIKE100 100000 If no card is fitted the display will show the message Please insert a memory card If there are no waveforms on the card the message will be There are no arb waveforms available If the generator is switched on without a card fitted and the power on conditions have been set to recall power down set up which included an arb waveform an error message File name not found load std square is temporarily displayed and the generator defaults to a square wave output With a card plugged in the rotary knob or cursor keys can be used to scroll the full list backwards and forwards through the display Select the required waveform by pressing the associated soft key To make it easier to find a particular waveform in a long list it is recommended that the waveforms on the card are first sorted into alphabetical order using the sort facility on the MEMORY CARD screen accessed from the UTILITY menu refer to chapter 14 Memory Card Note that the last used arb waveform can also be selected to run from the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen accessed by
80. cannot be less than eight points 121 Start address error must be in the range 0 lt n lt stop addr 122 Stop address error must be in the range start lt n lt waveform length 125 No GPIB available 126 File has no legal set up for this instrument 127 System ram error battery fault or firmware updated 128 Point value error must be in the range 2048 lt n lt 2047 129 Wave offset error must be in the range 4096 lt n lt 4095 131 Wave amplitude error must be in the range 0 lt n lt 100 132 Block dest error must be in the range 0 lt n lt waveform length 133 Sequence count value exceeds the maximum of 32 768 134 Sequence count value cannot be less than 1 135 Trigger generator maximum period is 200 s 136 Trigger generator minimum period is 10 us 137 Waveform is not available with ext clock 138 Burst count value exceeds the maximum of 1 048 575 139 Burst count value cannot be less than 1 140 Trig Gate freq too high Max 2 5 MHz Continuous mode set 141 Selected function is illegal in tone mode TONE MODE CANCELLED 144 Selected combination of function and mode is illegal 145 Locked master slave is available with continuous mode only 147 Current set up requires an arb waveform which does not exist 148 Trig gate mode and seq step value cause a trigger conflict 149 Seq step value can t mix edge and level between segments 150 Number of pulses in train must be between 1 and 10 151 Pulse train base level must be gt 5 0 V and
81. ch has a setting resolution of only 8 digits However the clock can also be provided from an external source via the rear panel ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket or on multi channel instruments the system clock The clock source switches between internal and external clock with alternate presses of the ARB FREQUENCY soft key When external clock is selected the ARB FREQUENCY screen changes to QARB FREQUENCY ext source ext arb clk 9 13 291 292 294 Users Manual on a single channel instrument or QARB FREQUENCY ext source ext arb clk freq 10 0000000kHz on a multi channel instrument It is then possible to select the source to be either an external signal on the ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket or the internal system clock see the Reference Clock IN OUT and System Clock Setting sections of Chapter 15 System Operations from the Utility Menu for the use of and frequency setting for the system clock Note that SEQUENCE and the standard waveforms of square pulse and pulse train also operate in clock synthesis mode and consequently can also be set to external clock on the appropriate FREQUENCY menus refer to the relevant sections for further details Having selected external clock the arbitrary waveform will continue to run from the internal clock until the instrument receives the first rising edge of the external clock at that point the hardware switches over to the external source The following applies only to internal clock s
82. choice and the selection of address and Baud rate Full details are given in chapter 17 Remote operation SYS REF Clock In Out and System Clock Setting This screen allows the system clock frequencies to be set and the ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket to be set to input or output There is no system clock on a single channel instrument 15 2 System Operations from the Utility Kr 5 Power On Setting The ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket is set to input by setting sys clk to off andto an output by setting itto on When sys clk ison setto output it is also used as the external clock when a channel is set to use an external arb clock The system clock frequency may be set by numeric entry or rotary control Note that the system clock frequency also controls the frequency of the aux sine output on the rear panel REF SYS CLOCK sys clk off freq 10 000000kHz Qref clk input The function of the rear panel REF CLOCK IN OUT socket is set on the SYS REF CLOCK screen called by pressing the ref sys clock soft key The default setting is for the socket to be set to input i e an input for an external 10 MHz reference clock When set to input the system is automatically switched over to the external reference when an adequate signal level TTL CMOS threshold is detected at REF CLOCK IN OUT but will continue to run from the internal clock in the absence of such a signal With the clock set to output a buffered version of the internal 10 MHz clock is
83. chronized The ext arb clock may be provided by an external signal at the ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket or by the system clock Synchronizing two generators Two generators can be synchronized together following the procedure outlined below It is possible to link more than two generators in this way but results are not guaranteed Frequency synchronization is achieved by using the clock output from the master generator to drive the clock input of a slave The additional connection of an initializing SYNC signal permits the slave to be synchronized such that the phase relationship between master and slave outputs is that specified on the slave generator s inter channel set up screen Synchronization is only possible between generators when the ratio of the master and slave frequencies is rational e g 3 kHz can be synchronized with 2 kHz but not with 7 kHz Special considerations arise with waveforms generated by clock synthesis mode square wave arbitrary pulse pulse train and sequence because of the relatively poor precision with which the frequency is actually derived in the hardware With these waveforms frequencies with an apparently rational relationship say for example 3 1 may be individually synthesized such that the ratio is not close enough to 3 1 to maintain synchronization over a period of time the only ratios guaranteed to be realized precisely are integer powers of 2 because the division stages in clock synthesis mode are binary
84. cpd gt Set the amplitude units to lt VPP gt lt VRMS gt or lt DBM gt ZLOAD lt cpd gt Set the output load which the generator is to assume for amplitude and dc offset entries to 50 500 lt 600 gt 6000 or OPEN DCOFFS lt nrf gt Set the dc offsetto nrf Volts Waveform Selection WAVE lt cpd gt PULSPER lt nrf gt PULSWID lt nrf gt PULSDLY lt nrf gt PULTRNLEN lt nrf gt PULTRNPER lt nrf gt PULTRNBASE lt nrf gt PULTRNLEV lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt PULTRNWID lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt PULTRNDLY lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt PULTRNMAKE ARB lt cpd gt ARBLIST CE CFSIZE CFLABEL Arbitrary Waveform Create and Delete Remote Operation 1 D Remote commands Select the output waveform as SINE SQUARE lt TRIANG gt DC lt POSRMP gt lt NEGRMP gt lt COSINE gt HAVSIN lt HAVCOS gt lt SINC gt lt PULSE gt lt PULSTRN gt lt ARB gt or SEQ Set the pulse period to lt nrf gt sec Set the pulse width to lt nrf gt sec Set the pulse delay to lt nrf gt sec Set the number of pulses in the pulse train to lt nrf gt Set the pulse train period to lt nrf gt sec Set the pulse train base line to lt nrf gt Volts Set the level of pulse train pulse number lt nrf1 gt to lt nrf2 gt Volts Set the width of pulse train pulse number lt nrf1 gt to lt nrf2 gt sec Set the delay of pulse train pulse number lt nrf1 gt to lt n
85. cter position with the cursor keys and then setting the character with the rotary control which scrolls through all the alphanumeric characters in sequence The name can be up to 8 characters long Return to the MODIFY screen by pressing rename which implements the new name or cancel Waveform Info Pressing the info soft key on the MODIFY screen calls the info screen Info WFM1 exit length 1024 chan seq The screen gives the name of the waveform its length and the channels in multi channel versions of the generator and sequences where it is used Pressing exit returns the display to the MODIFY screen Delete Waveform Pressing the delete soft key displays a request for confirmation that the selected waveform is to be deleted from the memory card Delete waveform WFM1 cancel deleted Confirm deletion by pressing the delete soft key which will return the display to the MODIFY screen with the next arb waveform automatically selected cancel aborts the deletion 9 6 Arbitrary Waveform Generation 9 Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms Edit Waveform Pressing the edit wfm soft key calls the EDIT FUNCTIONS menu EDIT FUNCTIONS point edit Oline draw Qwave insert This menu provides functions which permit the waveform to be edited point by point point edit by drawing lines between two points line draw or by inserting all or part of an existing waveform into the wavef
86. ctions plus those specific to the intended remote control mode Address and Baud Rate Selection For successful operation each instrument connected to the GPIB or addressable RS232 system must be assigned a unique address and in the case of addressable RS232 all must be set to the same Baud rate The instrument s remote address for operation on both the RS232 and GPIB interfaces is set viathe remote menu on the UTILITY screen REMOTE tinterface RS232 Yaddress 05 Qbaud rate 9600 With interface selected withthe interface soft key the selection can be stepped between RS232 USB and GPIB with successive presses of the soft key the cursor keys or by using the rotary control With address selected the soft key cursor keys or rotary control can be used to set the address the address setting is ignored in USB mode With baud rate selected the soft key cursor keys or rotary control can be used to set the baud rate for the RS232 interface When operating on the GPIB all device operations are performed through a single primary address no secondary addressing is used Note also that GPIB address 31 is not allowed by the IEEE 488 standards but it is possible to select it as an RS232 address Remote Local Operation 17 2 At power on the instrument will be in the local state with the REMOTE lamp off In this state all keyboard operations are possible When the instrument is addressed to listen and a command is received the r
87. ctric shock or damage to the instrument never allow water to get inside the case L caution To avoid possible damage to the instrument never use a solvent to clean it 18 2 Appendices Appendix Title Page A AC Supply Molland A 1 B Warning and Error Messages see eee eee B 1 C SYNC OUT Automatic Settings eesesseseeseeeeeeeeren nennen C 1 D Factory System Defaults gedenkt D 1 E Waveform Manager HHT E 1 F Block RTT utate ep e Ri e teo PR M ER E Pe Dude F 1 G Front and Rear Panel Drawings eese G 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Appendix A AC Supply Voltage Introduction Before connecting the instrument to an ac outlet check that the instrument operating voltage marked on the rear panel is correct for the local supply A A warning To avoid the possibility of electric shock always ensure the instrument is disconnected from the ac supply before opening the case Changing the Supply Voltage Setting If it is necessary to change the operating voltage proceed as follows Single channel instrument model 291 1 Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources 2 Remove the screws which retain the top cover and lift off the cover 3 Change the transformer connections following the diagram below To change the connection cut the brown wire from the switch at the switch end of the crimped butt connector make safe the exposed end of the connector Strip 6mm of insulation from the end of the cut brown wir
88. d modified Initial Operation 4 Principles of Editing e FREQuency AMPLitude OFFSET and MODE keys display screens which permit their respective parameters to be edited either from the numeric keypad or using the rotary control cursor keys e Numeric keys permit direct entry of a value for the parameter currently selected Values are accepted in three formats integer 20 floating point 20 0 and exponential 2 EXP 1 For example to set a new frequency of 50 kHz press FREQ followed by 50000 ENTER or 5 EXP 4 ENTER ENTER confirms the numeric entry and changes the generator setting to the new value CE Clear Entry undoes a numeric entry digit by digit ESCAPE returns a setting being edited to its last value e MODULATION SUM TRIG IN and SYNC OUT call screens from which the parameters of those input outputs can be set including whether the port is on or off e SWEEP and SEQUENCE similarly call screens from which all the parameters can be set and the functions run e Each channel has a key which directly switches the MAIN OUT of that channel on and off e MAN TRIG is used for manual triggering when TRIG IN is appropriately set and for synchronizing two or more generators when suitably connected together MAN HOLD is used to manually pause arbitrary waveform output and sweep the output is held at the level it was at when MAN HOLD was pressed e UTILITY gives access to menus for a variety of functions such as remote cont
89. d1 Use that part of lt cpd2 gt specified by the ARBEDLMTS command and insert from start address lt nrf1 gt to the stop address lt nrf2 gt lt cpdi gt and lt cpd2 gt must both be existing arbitrary waveforms but they cannot be the same waveform 17 16 ARBCOPY lt cpd gt lt nrfl gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt ARBAMPL lt cpd gt lt nrfl gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt ARBOFFSET lt cpd gt lt nrfl gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt ARBINVERT lt cpd gt lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt ARBLEN lt cpd gt POSNMKRCLR lt cpd gt POSNMKRSET lt cpd gt lt nrf gt POSNMKRRES lt cpd gt lt nrf gt POSNMKRPAT lt cpd1 gt lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt lt cpd2 gt Waveform Sequence Control SEQWFM lt nrf gt lt cpd gt SEQSTEP lt nrf gt lt cpd gt SEQCNT lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt SEQSEG lt nrf gt lt cpd gt Remote Operation 1 D Remote commands Block copy in arbitrary waveform cpd the data from start address lt nrf1 gt to stop address nrf2 to destination address lt nrf3 gt Adjust the amplitude of arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt in the address range lt nrfl1 gt to nrf2 by the factor lt nfr3 gt Move the data in arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt in the address range lt nrf1 gt to lt nrf2 gt by the offset lt nrf3 gt Invert arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt in the address range nrfl to lt nrf2 gt Returns the length in points of the arbitrary waveform l
90. de eese ener enne 17 19 Synchronizing Commande eese eren rennen 17 19 Status eu EE 17 19 Miscellaneous Commande 17 21 Remote Command Summary eene nennen enne 17 22 18 Eur cir ipe m 18 1 eet e EE 18 2 Cleaning eios lil ELE EES 18 2 Appendices Ar AC Supply e ii teats cos a inte eie rete A 1 B Warning and Error Messages sse eee B 1 C SYNC OUT Automatic Settings sss sees eee eee eee eee C 1 D Factory System Defaults neen ennnen an eee tbe edet D 1 E Waveform Manager Pius E 1 E Block Diagrams aet Here en c e Cet eve eina Piet F 1 G Front and Rear Panel Drawungs esee eene G 1 List of Figures Figure Title Page 4 Single Channel Simplified Block Dageram eee 4 6 4 2 Clock Synthesis STs eee erede ue ed reddidi 4 6 4 3 Direct Digital Synthesis Mode 4 7 5 1 Tone Wayvetorm Lypesc nta eee teet SURE UP Ere eee ped 8 3 17 1 Single Instrument RS232 Connections sss sees eee ee eree eee 17 3 17 2 RS232 Daisy Chained Instrument 17 3 17 3 RS232 Daisy Chain Connector Wiring ss sese eee eee eee eee 17 4 T7545 Status Model encia iesen g et gege ert tetra i ei estet SU 17 9 1 1 Mains transformer connections sese sese eee eee eee eee 1 2 FI Block Diagram Single Channel F 1 F 2 Inter Channel Block Diagram sss sss esse eee ee eee F 2 G 1 Moder 291 Front Panel tie ege IER eth nid cada be Pee PER ee G 1 5 2 Model 292 Front Paneler oett dee re tet t te ete ne eee G 2 3 Model 294 Front Panel ees AER p
91. delays the slave generator The status of the slave generator on the inter channel set up screen must be set to on this is automatic on the single channel instrument eee 3 Synchronizing two generators Hardware delays become increasingly significant as frequency increases causing additional phase delay between the master and slave However these delays can be largely nulled out by backing off the phase settings of the slave Typically these hardware delays are as follows DDS waveforms t25ns lt 1 to 100 kHz Clock synthesized waveforms lt 300 ns lt 1 to 10 kHz Clearly a multi channel generator gives much closer inter channel synchronization and is the recommended method for up to 4 channels Synchronizing Having made the connections and set up the generators as described in the preceding paragraphs synchronization is achieved by pressing the MAN TRIG key of the slave Once synchronized any change to the set up will require resynchronization with the MAN TRIG key again It is also possible to use an external arb clock when synchronizing two generators The generators are set up as described for internal clock but all channels are set to external clock The same external clock should be applied to both generators 13 7 291 292 294 Users Manual 13 8 Chapter 14 Memory Card Title Page reen et EE 14 2 Gard Sizes and Formats asusta nene ime eet tee pee o use eee 14 2 Eo ci RR RU eed egi en Hee eee eto 14 3
92. e 04H Lock Non Addressable mode control code 18H Universal Device Clear Before a response can be read from an instrument it must be addressed to talk by sending the Talk Address control code 14H followed by a single character which has the lower 5 bits corresponding to the unique address of the required instrument as for the listen address control code above Once addressed to talk the instrument will send the response message it has available if any and then exit the talk addressed state Only one response message will be sent each time the instrument is addressed to talk Talk mode will be cancelled by any of the following interface control codes being received 12H Listen Address for any instrument 14H Talk Address followed by an address not belonging to this instrument 03H Universal Unaddress control code 04H Lock Non Addressable mode control code 18H Universal Device Clear Talk mode will also be cancelled when the instrument has completed sending a response message or has nothing to say The interface code OAH LF is the universal command and response terminator it must be the last code sent in all commands and will be the last code sent in all responses The interface code ODH CR may be used as required to aid the formatting of commands it will be ignored by all instruments Most instruments will terminate responses with CR followed by LF The interface code 13H XOFF may be sent at any time by a listener in
93. e fit into the connector for the new supply voltage and crimp Check that the connection is mechanically secure and that there are no loose strands for 230V operation connect the brown transformer wire to the brown wire from the switch for 115V operation connect the red transformer wire to the brown wire from the switch for 100V operation connect the black transformer wire to the brown wire from the switch 4 Refit the cover and the secure it with the screws 291 292 294 Users Manual BROWN 230 V LEA RED 115 V BLACK 100 V MA shc0003f gif Figure 1 1 Mains transformer connections 5 To comply with safety standard requirements the operating voltage marked on the rear panel must be changed to clearly show the new voltage setting 6 Change the fuse to one of the correct rating see below 2 and 4 channel instruments models 292 and 294 These instruments have a universal input range and will operate from a nominal 100 V 115 V or 230 V mains supply without adjustment Check that the local supply meets the AC input requirement given in the specification Fuse Ensure that the correct mains fuse is fitted for the set operating voltage The correct mains fuse types are 230V operation 100V or 115V operation single channel instrument 500 mA T 250 V HRC 1 A T 250 V HRC 2 and 4 channel instruments 2 A T 250 V HRC 2 A T 250 V HRC To replace the fuse disconnect the mains lead from the inlet socket and withdra
94. e IEEE 488 2 DEADLOCK error is handled as follows If the response formatter is waiting to send a response message and the input queue becomes full then the instrument enters the DEADLOCK state and an error is generated This will cause the Query Error bit to be set in the Standard Event Status Register a value of 2 to be placed in the Query Error Register and the response formatter to be reset thus clearing the output queue The parser will then start parsing the next lt PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT gt from the input queue The section below on Status Reporting provides further information on these three error handling processes GPIB Parallel Poll Complete parallel poll capabilities are offered on this generator The Parallel Poll Enable Register is set to specify which bits in the Status Byte Register are to be used to form the ist local message The Parallel Poll Enable Register is set by the PRE lt nrf gt command and read by the PRE command The value in the Parallel Poll Enable Register is ANDed with the Status Byte Register if the result is zero then the value of ist is 0 otherwise the value of ist is 1 The instrument must also be configured so that the value of ist can be returned to the controller during a parallel poll operation The instrument is configured by the controller sending a Parallel Poll Configure command PPC followed by a Parallel Poll Enable command PPE 17 17 7 291 292 294 Users Manual The bits in the P
95. e edet 8 2 Tone S witching SOUrCe 1 neo eerie eee rie teet cti joe 8 3 8 3 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction In tone mode the output is stepped through a user defined list of up to 16 frequencies under the control of the signal set by the source softkey onthe TRIGGER IN set up screen This signal can be the internal trigger generator an external trigger input the front panel MAN TRIG key or a remote command On multi channel instruments the control signal can also be the trigger out from an adjacent channel All standard and arbitrary waveforms can be used in tone mode with the exception of pulse pulse train and sequence All waveforms used in tone mode are generated in DDS mode for fast phase continuous switching between frequencies For DDS operation all waveforms must be 4096 points in length this is the natural length for standard waveforms but all arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed in software to 4096 points when the tone list is built This does not affect the original data Because DDS mode is used the frequency range for all waveforms is 1 mHz to 40 MHz in tone mode including triangle ramp and square wave which have different limits in continuous operation Tone Frequency Press the tone setup soft key on the MODE screen called by pressing the MODE key to get the TONE set up screen TONE type trig 02 000000 kHz 2 3 000000 kHz delo Send of list 4 Each frequency in the list can be
96. e pulse waveform can be found before selecting external clock by pressing the set up soft key beside pulse on the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen Pulse Train Set Up 10 4 Pulse trains are turned on with the pulse train soft key on the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen pressing the setup soft key beside pulse train calls the first of the set up screens Enter no of pulses in train 1 10 2 done next The number of screens used for the set up depends on the number of pulses in the pulse train The first three screens define the parameters that apply to the whole pattern number of pulses overall pulse train period and baseline voltage subsequent screens define the pulse level width and delay for each pulse in turn three screens for pulse 1 then three screens for pulse 2 etc Pulse and Pulse trains 1 0 Pulse Train Set Up Pressing next on any screen calls the next set up screen finally returning the display to the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen from which pulse train can be turned on and off Pressing done returns the display directly to the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen from any set up screen The pulse train is built only after next is pressed after the last parameter set up or whenever done is pressed assuming a change has been made The first screen shown above sets the number of pulses 1 to 10 in the pattern enter the number of pulses directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control Pressing next calls the pulse tra
97. e selected channel can also be changed from the SUM set up screen Press the CHx soft key and adjust the amplitude with direct keyboard entries or by using the rotary control External sum cannot be used with internal modulation Internal Sum Pressing the SUM key calls the SUM set up screen SUM source CH1 ratio 1 00000 CH2 2 00 Vpp CH1 1 00 Vpp Pressing the source soft key steps the sum source between off external and CHS where x is the number of the previous channel CHx is the source of the internal sum signal With CHx selected for internal sum the screen is as shown above The amplitude of both the summing channel CHx 1 and the internal sum signal CHx are shown in the display together with the ratio in which they are added All three parameters can be selected with the appropriate soft key and set directly from the keyboard or by the rotary control Changing any one parameter will also adjust one of the other two for example adjusting the amplitude of either channel will cause the displayed ratio to change The value shown in the ratio field is the CHx amplitude divided by the CHx 1 amplitude Adjusting the ratio value directly changes the amplitude of the sum input signal CHx not the channel s output amplitude When a value is entered into the ratio field it is initially accepted as entered but may then change slightly to reflect the actual ratio achieved with the nearest sum input amplitude that could be set fo
98. e signal applied to the MODULATION input External SCM Select SCM with the type soft key on the MODULATION screen Connect the modulating signal to the MODULATION input nominally 1 kQ input impedance With no signal the carrier is fully suppressed a positive or negative level change at the modulation input increases the amplitude of the carrier Note that clipping will occur if the SCM signal attempts to drive the output above the 20 V p p open circuit voltage Peak modulation i e maximum carrier amplitude 20 V p p is achieved with an external SCM level of approximately 1 V i e a 2 V p p signal When external SCM is selected the amplitude control is disabled the AMPLITUDE set up screen shows the message ixed by SCM Internal Modulation Only the multi channel instruments models 292 and 294 can make use of internal modulation the single channel model 291 has no internal modulation capability Pressing the MODULATION key calls the MODULATION set up screen MODULATION source Ch3 type SCM Qlevel The source soft key steps the modulation choice between off external and CHx where x is the number of the previous channel With CHx selected the modulation can be switched between AM and SCM with alternate presses of the type soft key When AM is selected the screen has an additional soft key labeled depth selecting this key permits the modulation depth to be set directly from the keyboard or by the rotary control
99. e that the peak to peak amplitude set will only actually be output if the arbitrary waveform has addresses with values which reach 2048 and 2047 if the maximum value range is 1024 to 1023 for example then the maximum peak to peak voltage will only be 10 V p p for the instrument set to 20 V p p Sync Out Settings with Arbitrary Waveforms The default setting for sync out when arbitrary waveforms are selected is waveform sync this is a pulse that starts coincident with the first point of the waveform and is a few points wide If a waveform sequence has been selected then sync out defaults to sequence sync this is a waveform which goes low during the last cycle of the last waveform in a sequence and is high at all other times When sequence is used in triggered burst mode the burst count is a count of the number of complete sequences Waveform Hold in Arbitrary Mode Arbitrary waveforms can be paused and restarted by using the front panel MAN HOLD key or by a signal applied to the rear panel HOLD IN socket On multi channel instruments the channels which are to be held by the MAN HOLD key or HOLD IN socket must first be enabled using the ARB HOLD INPUT screen accessed by pressing the HOLD key ARB HOLD INPUT status no hold mode disabled Each channel is selected in turn using the channel set up keys and set using the mode soft key the mode changes between disabled and enabled with alternate key presses Pressing the front p
100. ecute soft key The factory defaults see appendix D can be recalled using the default softkey Note that loading the defaults does not change any arbitrary waveforms or set ups stored on the memory card or the RS232 GPIB USB interface settings The selected set up can also be deleted from the memory card using the delete soft key 14 4 Memory Card Sorting Files 4 Sorting Files To make it easier to find a particular set up in a long list it is recommended that the set ups on the card are first sorted into alphabetical order using the sort dir soft key on the MEMORY CARD screen DIRECTORY SORT Osort waveforms sort setups cancel Press the appropriate soft key to sort the directory pressing either sort or cancel returns the display to the MEMORY CARD screen 14 5 291 292 294 Users Manual 14 6 Chapter 15 System Operations from the Utility Menu Title Page Introduction cs Ree pere A ete eden eet ae e oes 15 2 Channel Waveform Information sees sese eee eee eee eee 15 2 Warnings and Error Messages eee conan conc crono cn ncrn naco nenes 15 2 Remote Interface Set p 2 5 needed tente tiron 15 2 SYS REF Clock In Out and System Clock Setting sess 15 2 Power Om Sette eines diam eds 15 3 System Inf rmation 4i da 15 3 Calibration zie HDi deer eerte eee 15 4 Copying Channel Set Ups ee 15 4 15 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction Pressing the UTILITY key calls
101. ed marker bit s set high or low Produces a pulse coincident with the last cycle of a burst Produces a pulse coincident with the end of a waveform sequence Selects the current trigger signal Useful for synchronizing burst or gated signals Outputs a trigger signal at the start of sweep to synchronize an oscilloscope or recorder Can additionally output a sweep marker Used to synchronize two generators Produces a positive edge at the 0 phase point Logic levels of 0 8 V and gt 3 V except for sweep sync Sweep sync is a 3 level waveform low at start of sweep high for the duration of the last frequency step at end of sweep with a narrow 1 V pulses at each marker point DC to 50 MEZ set by system clock 1 V p p into 50 Q DC to 50 MHz 0 1 Hz resolution DC to 1 MHz Threshold level adjustable 5 V maximum input 10 V 50 ns for trigger and gate modes 50 us for Sweep mode Selectable as high rising edge or low falling edge 10kQ DC to 100 kHz VCA Approximately 1 V p p for 100 level change at maximum output maximum input 10 V SCM Approximately 1 V peak for maximum output Input impedance Sum In Frequency range Signal range Input impedance Hold Introduction and Specifications 1 Specifications Typically 1 KQ DC to 30 MHz 25 MHz on 2 and 4 channel instruments Approximately 2 V p p input for 20 V p p output maximum input 10 V Typically 1 KQ Holds an arbitrary wa
102. ed trigger signal In triggered mode the generator holds the output at the start frequency until it recognizes a trigger When triggered the frequency sweeps to the stop frequency resets and awaits the next trigger If sync issetto on the frequency resets to zero frequency i e no waveform and starts a new sweep at the first point of the waveform when the next trigger is recognized If sync issetto off the waveform resets to the start frequency and runs at that frequency until the next trigger initiates a new sweep In trig d hold reset mode the generator holds the output at the start frequency until it recognizes a trigger when triggered the frequency sweeps to the stop frequency and holds At the next trigger the output is reset to the start frequency where it is held until the next sweep is initiated by a further trigger If sync issetto off the output operates exactly as described above if sync is setto on the output resets to zero frequency i e no waveform and starts a new sweep at the first point of the waveform For triggered sweeps a trigger signal may be provided by any of the possible trigger sources i e internal external manual or remote Sweep Operation 6 Setting sweep parameters Sweep Spacing Pressing the spacing soft key on the SWEEP SETUP screen calls the SWEEP SPACING screen SWEEP SPACING logarithmic Olinear With linear selected the sweep changes the frequency at a linear rate with logarithmic s
103. eform can be set independently for each channel Capability provided for both standard and arbitrary waveforms Arbitrary waveforms are expanded or condensed to exactly 4096 points and DDS techniques are used to allow instantaneous frequency switching Carrier waveforms Frequency list Trigger repetition rate Source Tone switching modes gated triggered FSK All waveforms except pulse pulse train and sequence Up to 16 frequencies from 1 mHz to 40 MHz 0 005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external Usable repetition rate and waveform frequency depend on the tone switching mode Internal from keyboard previous channel next channel or trigger generator External from TRIG IN or remote interface The tone is output while the trigger signal is true and stopped at the end of the current waveform cycle while the trigger signal is false The next tone is output when the trigger signal is true again The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and the next tone is output at the end of the current waveform cycle when the trigger signal goes true again The tone is output when the trigger signal goes true and the next tone is output immediately when the trigger signal goes true again Using two channels or two instruments with their outputs summed together it is possible to generate DTMF dual tone multi frequency test signals Trigger Generator Internal source 0 005 Hz to 100 kHz square wave
104. eform offset CH3 Output level at full scale CH3 20 dB attenuator CH3 40 dB attenuator CH3 10 dB attenuator CH3 Sum offset CH3 SCM level at full scale CH3 AM level at full scale CH3 Level 0 1 MHz CH3 Level 33 MHz CH3 Level 1 MHz CH3 Level 2 MHz CH3 Level 4 MHz CH3 Level 5 MHz CH3 Level 10 MHz CH3 Level 15 MHz CH3 Level 20 MHz CH3 Level 25 MHz CH3 Level 30 MHz CH3 Level 32 5 MHz CH3 Level 35 MHz CH3 Level 37 5 MHz CH3 Level 40 MHz CH4 DC offset zero CH4 DC offset at full scale CH4 DC offset at full scale CH4 Multiplier zero CHA Multiplier offset CH4 Waveform offset CH4 Output level at full scale CH4 20 dB attenuator CH4 40 dB attenuator CHA 10 dB attenuator CH4 Sum offset CH4 SCM level at full scale CH4 AM level at full scale CH4 Level 0 1 MHz CH4 Level 33 MHz CH4 Level 1 MHz CH4 Level 2 MHz CH4 Level 4 MHz CH4 Level 5 MHz CH4 Level 10 MHz CH4 Level 15 MHz CH4 Level 20 MHz CH4 Level 25 MHz CH4 Level 30 MHz Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for 0 V 5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Check for 10 V 3 Adjust for minimum volts ac Adjust for 0 V 5 mV Adjust for 0 V 5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Adjust for 1 V 1 mV Adjust for 0 1 V 1 mV Adjust for 2 236 V ac 10 mV Adjust for 0 V 5 mV Adjust for 5 V 5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Note reading Check reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust fo
105. elected the sweep spends an equal time in each frequency decade Sweep Marker A sweep marker pulse is also available from the SYNC OUT socket when sweep sync the default condition is selected The marker pulse is differentiated from the sweep sync pulse by being approximately half the amplitude of the sync pulse this permits the trigger level of the display oscilloscope to be adjusted for the sweep sync pulse without additionally triggering on the marker pulse The marker pulse frequency is set from the SWEEP MARKER FREQ menu called by pressing the marker soft key on the SWEEP SETUP screen SWEEP MARKER FREQ progrm 5 000 MHz actual 4 977 MHz done A new marker frequency can be programmed directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control and cursor keys Note that the marker frequency can only be one of the values in the sweep frequency table any value in the sweep range can be entered but the value used will be the nearest frequency in the table When sweep is turned on the actual marker frequency is shown in the non editable field below the programmed frequency For the default sweep setting of 100 kHz to 10 MHz in 50 ms the actual frequency of a 5 MHz marker is 4 998 MHz The marker duration is the sweep time divided by 2000 i e the dwell time at a single frequency step To avoid displaying a sweep marker the marker frequency is simply set to a value outside the current sweep frequency range Sweep Hold
106. election Frequency can be set in terms of frequency or period as for standard waveforms by pressing the freq or period soft key respectively Additionally for arbitrary waveforms frequency or period can be set in terms of the sample clock frequency by pressing the sample soft key or in terms of the waveform frequency by pressing the waveform soft key The relationship between them is waveform frequency sample frequency waveform size Frequency and period entries are made directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control in the usual way Pressing the FREQuency key with sequence running calls the SEQ FREQUENCY screen SEQ FREQUENCY int 100 00 MHz freq period With internal clock selected the default frequency or period can now only be set in terms of the clock frequency Frequency or period entries are made directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control in the usual way With external clock selected using the SEQ FREQUENCY soft key the sequence can be clocked using an external source connected to the rear panel ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket Arbitrary Waveform Generation 9 Sync Out Settings with Arbitrary Waveforms Amplitude Pressing the AMPLitude key with an arbitrary waveform selected calls the AMPLITUDE screen AMPLITUDE 120 0 Vpp Vpp load hiz This differs from the AMPLITUDE screen for standard waveforms in that amplitude can now only be entered in volts peak to peak Not
107. emote state will be entered and the REMOTE lamp will illuminate In this state the keyboard is locked out and only remote commands will be processed The instrument may be returned to the local state by pressing the LOCAL key however the effect of this action will remain only until the instrument is addressed again or receives another character from the interface when the remote state will once again be entered Remote Operation 1 D HS232 interface RS232 interface The 9 way D type serial interface connector is located on the instrument rear panel The pin connections are as shown in chapter 3 Connections Single Instrument RS232 Connections For single instrument remote control only pins 2 3 and 5 are connected to the PC However for correct operation links must be made in the connector at the PC end between pins 1 4 and 6 and between pins 7 and 8 see diagram Pins 7 and 8 of the instrument must not be connected to the PC i e do not use a fully wired 9 way cable PC INSTRUMENT 9 WAY D 9 WAY D FEMALE MALE DCD 1 O 1 RX lt 2 2 4 RX TX 3 3 TX DTR A O4 GND 5 5 GND DSR lt 6 O6 RTS gt 7 eu O7 CTS 8 e LINK TO O8 RI 4 9 O NULL OUT PC O9 shc0010f emf Figure 17 1 Single Instrument RS232 Connections Baud Rate is set as described above in Address and Baud rate selection the other parameters are fixed as follows Start Bits 1 Data Bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Address
108. ennen nennen nennen 17 2 RS232 EE 17 3 Single Instrument RS232 Conpnectons 17 3 Addressable RS232 Connections eese 17 3 RS232 Character Set 2 tunm ER teet etes bas ie pete UR Lg 17 4 Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes esses 17 4 Full List of Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes 17 6 USB Interface dah eee ENEE ea 17 6 GPIB Interface slots ntt i rete e t SU EHE REEL REOR 17 6 GPIB S bsets 2 tni reet Pee Ee ie Ro tie AE 17 7 GPIB IEEE Std 488 2 Error Handling 17 7 GPIB Parallel Poll eet ici 17 7 Status Reporting EE 17 8 Standard Event Status and Standard Event Status Enable Registers 17 8 Status Byte Register and Service Request Enable Register 17 9 Power On Settings iui e eate deed dera E edges 17 10 Remote commands 2 1 een epe terere EH A E ipe RM e ee Roo Lea 17 10 RS232 Remote Command Formats eee 17 10 GPIB Remote Command Format 17 11 Command List aspe ddnde dede 17 11 Channel Selection sutiles e P ER URS ER 17 12 Erequeney and R ls oce ennt e i oet epe 17 12 Amplitude and DC Offer 17 12 Waveform Selection neo tote HE e Pise 17 13 Arbitrary Waveform Create and Delete AAA 17 13 Arbitrary Waveform dng 17 15 Waveform Sequence Control 17 17 Mode Commander ee 17 18 Input Output Control 4 2 in rie 17 18 291 292 294 Users Manual Modulation Comman
109. ently until it is fully engaged in the connector The card may be inserted with the power on or off When a card is inserted in a powered instrument the message Opening memory card will appear on the bottom line of the screen the MEMORY CARD ACTIVE lamp will light and a short beep will sound The card is then ready for use as described later in this chapter To remove the memory card ensure that the MEMORY CARD ACTIVE lamp is off and pull the card straight out of the card slot AN caution To avoid the risk of malfunction card data corruption or firmware lock up never remove the memory card when the MEMORY CARD ACTIVE lamp is lit Card Sizes and Formats 14 2 The instrument is compatible with cards ranging in capacity from 32 MB to 1 GB From new these cards are formatted with the FAT16 file system Cards with lower capacity will be formatted with the FAT12 file system which is not readable by the instrument However it is possible to reformat these smaller cards with the FAT16 file system in the instrument from the MEMORY CARD screen accessed by pressing the memory card soft key onthe UTILITY MENU Take care when formatting memory cards in a PC as cards with capacities less than 32 MB will by default be formatted as FAT12 Furthermore Windows XP formats larger capacity cards FAT32 which is not readable by the instrument It is also usual to lose a small amount of capacity when formatting using a PC this is because the
110. equency or period for std waveforms 167 dBm output units assume a 50 Ohm termination 168 Specified units illegal for the selected waveform 169 Command not available for RS232 170 Length value error in binary block 171 Illegal value in arbitrary data 173 Illegal tone number 174 Illegal sequence segment number 175 Cannot insert arb into itself 176 Pattern value is illegal or pattern too long 177 Illegal remote calibration command 185 Command not available while sweeping B 3 291 292 294 Users Manual B 4 190 191 Memory card missing Waveform lt filename gt not loaded Set up file lt filename gt not found Loading defaults OR Waveform lt filename gt not found Critical Stop Errors These errors have no obvious recovery path and require user intervention Some can be bypassed by a key press some offer a choice of action Possible hardware failures may be firmware induced and recover by cycling the power Firmware errors all require a power cycle to recover Any of these errors may indicate an imminent system failure or a firmware bug 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 CRITICAL STOP Fault in clock circuit of channel lt chan gt CRITICAL STOP Fault in calibration flash memory block CRITICAL STOP Memory card removed while active CRITICAL STOP Memory card file not found lt filename gt CRITICAL STOP Stack Overflow CRITICAL STOP Stack Underflow CRITICAL STOP Illegal instr
111. ete S 1 sanus dere iR ete GE e ree Bede 9 6 Edit Wave Ree EE I eren een e EP eo setae 9 7 Point Edit ett tnt 9 7 I ine Edit ii ueterem 9 7 Wave nSert ae S ec oe Dee rete te ue 9 8 Block COPY iii 9 8 Waveform AmplitUde icon Ee ENEE NEEN 9 9 Wavelorm Olinda ia 9 10 Wave e WEE 9 10 Position Matrkers mimi e ee tex tiec tet e nne eae oda 9 10 Arbitrary Waveform Sequence essere eren 9 11 E IEN BEE 9 12 Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms 9 13 Bre QUEDO usina e ae ste cats exp e ee PH EM oui CEA INE ES ET aude 9 13 Amplitude te eerie reete ciet sete tete P eie ae e eee eel there gd 9 15 Sync Out Settings with Arbitrary Waveforms sss ee sees eee eee ee eee eee 9 15 Waveform Hold in Arbitrary Mode 9 15 Output Filter Setting iie eee Eee eere De ni eens Eod 9 16 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction Arbitrary arb waveforms are generated by sequentially addressing the RAM containing the waveform data with the arbitrary clock The frequency of the arb waveform is determined both by the arb clock and the total number of data points in the cycle In this instrument an arb waveform can have up to 1 048 576 horizontal points The vertical range is 2048 to 2047 corresponding to a maximum peak to peak output of 20 Volts Up to 500 waveforms can be stored on the memory card and each given a name the number that can be stored depends on the number of points in each waveform a
112. eturntothe EDIT FUNCTIONS screen Position Markers Pressing the position markers soft key calls the POSITION MARKER EDIT screen Arbitrary Waveform Generation 9 Arbitrary Waveform Sequence POSITION MARKER EDIT tadrs 0000000 lt 0 gt 0 patterns Qexit clear all Position markers are output from SYNC OUT when the source src is set to pos n marker onthe SYNC OUTPUT SETUP screen Position markers can be set at any or all of the addresses of a waveform either individually using the adrs address soft key or as a pattern using the patterns menu A marker can be set directly at an address by pressing the adrs soft key followed by a keyboard entry pressing the right hand soft key on the adrs line then toggles the marker setting between 1 and 0 as shown in the arrowed brackets The address can be changed by incrementing with the adrs key by using the rotary control or by further keyboard entries marker settings are changed at each new address with the right hand soft key Markers show immediately they are changed Alternatively markers can be input as patterns by using the patterns sub menu PATTERN 00000000 start 0000000 stop 0001023 Qexit do pattern The start and stop addresses of the markers within the waveform are set using the start and stop soft keys respectively followed by an entry on the keyboard or by using the rotary control The pattern itself is set in the top line of
113. ew or existing arbitrary waveform with name cpd andlength nrf and load with the datain csv ascii data If the arbitrary waveform does not exist it will be created If it does exist the length will be checked against that specified and a warning will be issued if they are different The edit limits will be set to the extremes of the waveform The data consists of ascii coded values in the range 2048 to 2047 for each point The values are separated by a comma character and the data ends with lt pmt gt If less data is sent than the number of points in the waveform the old data is retained from the point where the new data ends If more data is sent the surplus is discarded Define a new or existing arbitrary waveform with name cpd andlength nrf and load with the datain bin data blocks If the arbitrary waveform does not exist it will be created If it does exist the length will be checked against that specified and a warning will be issued if they are different The edit limits will be set to the extremes of the waveform The data consists of two bytes per point with no characters between bytes or points The point data is sent high byte first The data block has a header which consists of the character followed by several ascii coded numeric characters The first of these defines the number of ascii characters to follow and the following characters define the length of the binary data in bytes If less data
114. ext on this screen calls the first of the three screens which define the first pulse in the train Pulse 1 level 5 000 V Gdone next 10 5 291 292 294 Users Manual 10 6 The pulse level can be set on this screen between 5 0 V and 5 0 V by direct keyboard entries or by using the rotary control As with the baseline level described above the set pulse levels are only output if the amplitude setting is set to maximum 10 V p p into 50 2 on the AMPLITUDE screen and terminated in 50 Q Adjusting the amplitude scales both the peak pulse levels and baseline together thus keeping the pulse shape in proportion as the amplitude is changed exactly as for arb waveforms Output levels are doubled when the output is not terminated Note that by pressing the Pulse soft key on this and subsequent screens the pulse to be edited can be directly set from the keyboard or by using the rotary control this is useful in directly accessing a particular pulse in a long pulse train instead of having to step through the whole sequence Pressing next calls the pulse width screen for the first pulse Pulse 1 width eprogram 25 000000us actual 25 000000us done next The width can be entered directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control Any value in the range 10 000000 ns to 99 999999 s can be programmed but the actual value may differ for this reason the actual pulse width is shown below the program width The variation
115. f the following descriptions of amplitude and offset control as well as of mode sweep etc in the following sections apply to arbitrary and sequence as well as standard waveforms for clarity any differences of operation with arbitrary sequence pulse and pulse train are described only in those sections Setting Generator Parameters Waveform Selection Pressing the STD key gives the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen which lists all the waveforms available STANDARD WAVEFORMS sine square triangle The rotary control or cursor keys can be used to scroll the full list back and forward through the display The currently selected waveform sine with the factory defaults setting is indicated by the filled diamond the selection is changed by pressing the soft key beside the required waveform Frequency 5 2 Pressing the FREQ key gives the STANDARD FREQUENCY screen STANDARD FREQUENCY 10 00000000 kHz freq period With freq selected as shown above the frequency can be entered directly from the keyboard in integer floating point or exponential format For example 12 34 kHz can be Standard Waveforms 5 Setting Generator Parameters entered as 12340 12340 00 or 1 234 exp 4 etc However the display will always show the entry in the most appropriate engineering units in this case 12 34000000 kHz With period selected instead of freq the frequency can be set in terms of a period for example 123 4 us can be entered as 000
116. ffset changed by amplitude 14 Offset Sum level may cause clipping 16 Undoing unsaved amplitude or offset edit for waveform name gt 23 Offset will clip the waveform 24 Instrument not calibrated 26 Wrong channel count found lt count1 gt require lt count2 gt Issued when an attempt is made to recall a set up file with a different channel count to that of the current instrument The option is given to continue or cancel 30 Amplitude will clip the waveform 42 Trigger source is fixed to external in SLAVE mode 59 Trigger slope is fixed to positive in SLAVE mode 81 The programmed mod depth cannot be set 83 Numeric value too large switching to sample period B 1 291 292 294 Users Manual B 2 Error Messages 101 Frequency out of range for the selected waveform 102 Sample clock frequency required exceeds 100 MHz 103 Sample clock frequency required is less than 0 1 Hz 104 Pulse pulse train period out of range for current set up 105 Pulse width cannot be greater than the period 106 Absolute value of pulse delay must be period 107 Pulse width cannot be less than 10 ns 108 Maximum output level exceeded 109 Minimum output level exceeded 110 Minimum dc offset value exceeded 111 Maximum dc offset value exceeded 112 The value entered is out of range 115 There are no arb waveforms defined Use WAVEFORM CREATE 117 Arb name exists names must be unique 118 Arb waveform length exceeds available memory 119 Arb waveform length
117. followed by direct entries from the keyboard or by using the rotary control The maximum number of waveform cycles that can be counted is 1 048 575 279 1 Triggered Burst and Gate Triggered Burst Start Phase The start phase i e the point on the waveform cycle at which the burst starts can be selected by pressing the phase soft key followed by direct entries from the keyboard or by using the rotary control Since the waveform cycle is always completed at the end of the burst the start phase is also the stop phase The phase can be set with a precision of 0 1 but the actual resolution is limited with some waveforms and at certain waveform frequencies as detailed below To indicate when this is the case the actual phase is shown in brackets as a non editable field below the programmed value To achieve start phase precision all waveforms are run in clock synthesis mode i e as if they were arbitrary waveforms when triggered burst is specified this limits the frequency resolution to 8 digits for all waveforms although the normally DDS generated waveforms are still entered with 10 digit precision Sine cosine haversine etc waveforms are created as if they were arbitrary waveforms with the first point of the waveform exactly at the start phase each time the phase or frequency is changed the waveform is recalculated This can cause a slight lag if the parameters are changed quickly using the rotary knob The phase resolution of true arbi
118. for Synchronization eese eene enne 13 6 Generator Set ps eee t e e i ete etse eundo 13 6 Synchr nne epera HEN 13 7 13 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction Two or more channels in one multi channel generator can be synchronized together and precise phase differences can be set between the channels Two separate generators can also be synchronized giving a maximum of 8 channels that can be operated synchronously Inter Channel Synchronization This section covers the use of a multi channel instrument to produce two or more synchronous signals and certain restrictions which apply to some specific waveform and frequency combinations Synchronizing Principles Frequency synchronizing is achieved by using the clock output from a master channel to drive the clock inputs of one or more slave channels Any one channel can be the master and any or all the others can be slaves master slaves and independent channels can be mixed on the same instrument When frequency synchronization is switched on an internal synchronizing signal from the CPU synchronizes the channels at the specified inter channel phase and re synchronizes them automatically every time the frequency is changed The clock and internal synchronization signals are shown in the inter channel block diagram in the appendix Channels to be synchronized together must all be operated in continuous mode For DDS generated waveforms see Principles of Operation in chapte
119. form cpd must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform The data consists of binary coded values as specified for the ARBDATA command The data is sent from the arbitrary waveform between the points specified by the ARBEDLMTS command This command cannot be used over the RS232 interface since it contains a binary data block ARBRESIZE lt cpd gt lt nrf gt Change the size of arbitrary waveform cpd to lt nrf gt ARBRENAME lt cpdl gt lt cpd2 gt Change the name of arbitrary waveform cpd1 to lt cpd2 gt ARBPOINT lt cpd gt lt nrf1 gt Set the waveform point at address lt nfr1 gt in nrf2 arbitrary waveform cpd to lt nrf2 gt ARBLINE cpd nrfl Draw a line in arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt lt nrf4 gt from start address and data nrf1 and nrf2 to stop address and data nrf3 and lt nrf4 gt ARBINSSTD lt cpdl gt lt cpd2 gt Insert the standard waveform lt cpd2 gt into the lt nrfl gt lt nrf2 gt arbitrary waveform cpdi from start address nrfl to stop address lt nrf2 gt lt cpd2 gt must be one of lt SINE gt SQUARE lt TRIANG gt DC lt POSRMP gt lt NEGRMP gt lt COSINE gt lt HAVSIN gt lt HAVCOS gt or lt SINC gt and lt cpd1 gt must be an existing arbitrary waveform ARBINSARB lt cpdl gt lt cpd2 gt Insert the arbitrary waveform lt cpd2 gt into lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt arbitrary waveform cp
120. frequency must be lower than the stop frequency but see Sweep type below for selecting sweep direction Pressing the centr span soft key changes the screen to permit entry in terms of centre frequency and sweep span about that frequency pressing the start stop soft key on that screen returns the display to the start and stop frequency form of entry Note that when the sweep is displayed in terms of centre frequency and span the span will always be the exact difference between start and stop frequencies but the centre frequency shown will be that of the frequency step nearest the true centre frequency as described above Sweep Time Pressing the time soft key calls the SWEEP TIME screen SWEEP TIME 0 010 sec done The sweep time can be set from 1 ms to 999 s with 4 digit resolution by direct keyboard entry or by using the rotary control 6 3 291 292 294 Users Manual Sweep Type Pressing the type soft key calls the SWEEP TYPE screen SWEEP TYPE continuous direction up sync on done This screen is used to set the sweep mode continuous triggered trig d hold reset and the sweep direction Successive presses of the direction soft key select one of the following sweep directions up start frequency to stop frequency down stop frequency to start frequency up down start frequency to stop frequency and back to start frequency down up stop frequency to start frequency and back to stop frequency
121. frequency tracking 5 A synchronized channel is not set to continuous mode 6 An attempt is made to turn on synchronization with a frequency set too high 7 An attempt is made to set the frequency too high during synchronization This error does not set synchronization to off the system simply inhibits the setting of the incorrect frequency External clock independent channel is illegal with synchronization Maximum trigger level is 5 0 V Minimum trigger level is 5 0 V Unable to open memory card try reinserting Memory card is wrong format or is not formatted Memory card is full Cannot create WAVES or SETUP directory Sequence segment number out of range min 1 max 1024 System clock frequency out of range File lt filename gt not found load sts lt waveform gt Memory card is full Cannot create Set up or Waveform file Cannot format memory card It must have 512 bytes per sector Remove signal from external reference clock before editing reference clock Warnings 72 Length is different to that in the ARBDEF CSV command Remote Errors 120 Waveform limit value out of range 126 Illegal store number requested 143 External clock not possible for current waveform 146 Remote command is illegal with external clock 162 Byte value outside the range 0 to 255 163 Specified arb name does not exist 164 Command illegal in sweep or tone mode 165 Cannot set waveform frequency or period for a sequence 166 Cannot set sample fr
122. g the COPY CHannel key copy channel 1 Sto channel 2 Qexecute The first line of the screen shows which channel is currently selected with the channel SETUP keys Pressing the to channel soft key steps the channel number through all the other channels of the instrument Select the channel to be changed and make the copy by pressing the execute soft key 15 4 Chapter 16 Calibration Title Page big e ee RE 16 2 Equipment Reg ifed ont ee en eet ee a cess 16 2 Calibration Procedure sae unie K dd Scie EE AE dde Sd eie ieee 16 2 Setting the Password sec iae ies tectis eee ertet dede 16 2 Password Access to Calibration sss sese ee ee ee ee ee eee 16 3 Changing the Password rein ndn eem de 16 3 Calibration Routine iie a e ti eret i are eie decedit er 16 3 Remote Calibration nre a A abii EE 16 6 16 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction All parameters can be calibrated without opening the instrument case the generator offers closed box calibration All adjustments are made digitally with calibration constants stored in EEPROM The calibration routine requires only a digital voltmeter DVM and a frequency counter and takes no more than a few minutes The crystal in the timebase is pre aged but a further ageing of up to 5 ppm can occur in the first year Since the ageing rate decreases exponentially with time it is an advantage to recalibrate after the first six month s use Apart from this it is unlike
123. gt Hz Set the source of the system clock to lt INT or EXT Set beep mode to ON OFF WARN or ERROR Sound one beep 17 21 291 292 294 Users Manual 17 22 LOCAL UCBID Returns the instrument to local operation and unlocks the keyboard Will not function if LLO is in force Returns the instrument s address Refer to chapter 16 Calibration for remote calibration commands Remote Command Summary CLS ESE lt nrf gt ESE ESR IDN IST LRN OPC OPC PRE nrf PRE RCL lt cpd gt RST SAV lt cpd gt SRE nrf SRE STB TRG Table 17 1 Remote Command Summary Clear status Set the Standard Event Status Enable Register to the value of lt nrf gt Returns the value in the Standard Event Status Enable Register in lt nr1 gt numeric format Returns the value in the Standard Event Status Register in nri numeric format Returns the instrument identification Returns ist local message as defined by IEEE Std 488 2 Returns the complete set up of the instrument as a hexadecimal character data block approximately 842 bytes long Sets the Operation Complete bit bit 0 in the Standard Event Status Register Query operation complete status Set the Parallel Poll Enable Register to the value lt nrf gt Returns the value in the Parallel Poll Enable Register in nri numeric format Recalls
124. gth of the waveform data Clock Synthesis Mode In clock synthesis mode the addresses are always sequential an increment of one and the clock rate is adjusted by the user in the range 100 MHz to 0 1 Hz The frequency of the waveform is the clock frequency divided by the waveform length thus allowing short waveforms to be played out at higher repetition rates than long waveforms For example the maximum frequency of an eight point waveform is 100e6 8 or 12 5 MHz but a 1000 point waveform has a maximum frequency of 100e6 1000 or 100 kHz 20 Bits RAM ADDRESS CLOCK 0 1Hz to 100MHz shc0005f emf Figure 4 2 Clock Synthesis Mode 4 5 291 292 294 Users Manual Arbitrary waveforms have a user defined length of 8 to 1 048 576 points Square waves use a fixed length of 2 points and pulse and pulse train have their length defined by the user selected period value DDS Mode In DDS mode all waveforms are stored in RAM as 4096 points The frequency of the output waveform is determined by the rate at which the RAM addresses are changed The address changes are generated as follows The RAM contains the amplitude values of all the individual points of one cycle 360 of the waveform each sequential address change corresponds to a phase increment of the waveform of 360 4096 degrees Instead of using a counter to generate sequential RAM addresses a phase accumulator is used to increment the phase 44 Bit 12Bit 20
125. he STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen Waveform Hold in Pulse and Pulse Train Modes 10 8 Pulse and pulse train waveforms can be paused and re started on any channel by using the front panel MAN HOLD key or by applying a signal to the rear panel HOLD IN socket On multi channel instruments the channels which are to be held by the MAN HOLD key or HOLD IN socket must first be enabled using the ARB HOLD INPUT screen accessed by pressing the HOLD key ARB HOLD INPUT status no hold fmode disabled Each channel is selected in turn using the channel SETUP keys and set using the mode soft key The mode changes between disabled and enabled with alternate key presses Pressing the front panel MAN HOLD key stops the waveform at the current level on all enabled channels pressing MAN HOLD a second time restarts the waveform from that level Ifthe ARB HOLD INPUT screen is currently selected the status field will change from no hold to manual hold while the waveform is paused A logic low or switch closure at the rear panel HOLD IN socket also stops the waveform at the current level on all enabled channels a logic high or switch opening restarts the waveform from that level If the ARB HOLD INPUT screen is currently selected the status field will change from no hold to ext hold while the waveform is paused Chapter 11 Modulation Title Page LITO ie e e c c 11 2 External VGA EE 11 2 External SOM A AR AES 11 3 Internal Modulation i0 600
126. he MODIFY screen MODIFY WEM1 resize rename delete info Yedit wfm This screen gives access to a number of menus which permit the selected waveform to be resized renamed edited etc The arb waveform to be modified is selected using the rotary control or cursor keys to step through all possible choices the current selection is displayed on the top line beside MODIFY Resize Waveform Pressing the resize softkey onthe MODIFY screencalls the Resize screen Resize WFM11 old size 0016000 new size 0001024 cancel resized Resize changes the number of points in the waveform the new size can be larger or smaller than the old size When the new size is larger the software adds additional interpolated points When the size is smaller points are removed Reducing the waveform size may cause the waveform to lose significant data Enter the size required by pressing the new size soft key followed by direct entries from the keyboard or by using the rotary control Resize is implemented by pressing the resize soft key or aborted by pressing the cancel soft key both return the display to the MODIFY screen There is no undo facility for resize 9 5 291 292 294 Users Manual Rename Waveform Pressing the rename softkey on the MODIFY screen calls the Rename screen Rename WFMI1 as WFM2 cancel rename o The new name can be entered below the original by selecting the appropriate chara
127. he pulse width and delay setting for example it can be set smaller than the programmed pulse width because unlike a conventional pulse generator pulse width and delay are adjusted proportionally as the period is changed For example if from the default pulse settings of 100 us period and 50 us width the period is changed to 60 us the pulse width actual changes to 30 us even though the program width is still 50 us to get a 50 us width with the period at 60 us the width must be re entered as 50 us after the period has been changed Period can also be changed from the PULSE PERIOD screen called by pressing the FREQ key with pulse mode selected PULSE PERIOD int 100 00000 us gt freq periodi The new setting can be entered either as a period in the way already described or as a frequency by first pressing the freq soft key However changing the period or frequency from this screen is slightly different from changing period on the pulse set up screen When changing from this screen the number of points in the waveform is never changed just as with a true arb which means that the shortest period highest repetition frequency that can be set is the number of waveform points multiplied by 10 00 ns To achieve faster frequencies up to the specification limit the period must be changed from the pulse set up screen changing the frequency from the pulse set up screen causes the number of points to be reduced as the period is reduced for per
128. ic 4 3 offset 4 3 5 4 sequence 4 3 setup 4 2 4 3 soft 4 3 status 4 2 4 3 std 5 2 sum 4 3 sweep 4 3 sync out 4 3 5 6 trig in 4 3 7 2 utility 4 3 14 2 15 2 wave edit 4 2 wave select 4 2 main out 3 2 rear panel 3 4 maintenance 18 2 Index continued manual hold 10 8 marker patterns 9 11 master slave 13 2 memory card 9 3 directories 14 2 format 14 2 formatting 14 3 saving files 14 3 slot 3 5 sorting files 14 5 menu utility 15 2 message reviewing 5 6 settings 5 6 messages errors and warnings 5 5 15 2 remote B 3 mode clock synthesis 4 5 DDS 4 6 gated 1 6 7 6 pulse 10 2 sweep 1 6 tone 8 2 tone switching 1 7 triggered burst 1 6 modes of operation 1 6 modulation internal 11 3 SCM 11 3 VCA 11 2 modulation in 1 8 3 3 mounting 2 2 N noise 1 5 Q operation principles of 4 5 ouput arb clock 1 9 output arb clock 3 4 main 1 7 ref clock 1 9 3 3 sync 1 8 output filter 9 16 output impedance 1 7 outputs 1 7 main 3 2 sync 3 2 5 6 p password calibration 16 3 phase lock 3 2 5 6 phase locking 13 4 phase resolution 7 5 7 7 position marker 3 2 5 6 9 10 power on setting 15 3 17 10 power up 4 2 pulse delay 10 2 period 10 2 width 10 2 pulse train 10 4 baseline 10 5 delay 10 6 level 10 6 period 10 6 width 10 6 R rear panel main out 3 4 ref clock in out 1 9
129. in out from this instrument Modulation in front panel BNC carrier Mod Sum in Mod sum out to Ch n 1 Sum in front panel BNC attenuator Mod sum out from Ch n 1 0 to 50 dB in 10 dB steps Main attenuator 0 to 50 dB in 10 dB steps Main out Ch n shc0008f emf Figure F 1 Block Diagram Single Channel 291 292 294 Users Manual Internal lock in Manual remote trigger Internal trigger gen TRIG IN BNC SUM IN BNC MODULATION IN BNC rt ttt Sub R T EXT ARB Channel 1 1 0 Channel 2 1 0 Channel 3 1 0 Channel 4 1 0 CLOCK 11100 11100 IN OUT 11100 11100 pl Ch1 mod sum out UI Ch2 mod sum out HE Ch3 mod sum out dl Trig out Ch 2 Trig out Ch 3 shc0009f emf Figure F 2 Inter Channel Block Diagram F 2 Appendix G Front and Rear Panel Drawings FLLIKE PER TTT I ori GENERATOR Std ij DD l cant mido lelip WAVE SELECT WAVE EDIT MAN TRIG FREQ AMPL STD ARB et MODIFY MAN HOLD 4 5 OFFSET MODE SEQUENCE SWEEP FILTER UTILTY CJ S OF OF Os MODULATION SUM SYNC OUT MAIN OUT 0 At AMOR C C y Qr shc0014f gif Figure G 1 Model 291 Front Panel 291 292 294 Users Manual MATA 292 100MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR Figure G 2 Model 292 Front Panel 100MS s ARBITRARY WAVEFORM GENERATOR shc0015f gif FCN BIUR std CES o Jpp Icont ECH OFS 0 25 mde lelip G 2 Figure G 3 Model 294 Front Pa
130. in period screen pulse train period 100 00000us 10000pt 10 000000ns Gdone next The third line of the screen indicates how the waveform will be constructed in this case it will be 10000 points played back at a clock period of 10 000000ns to give a period of 10000x10 100us These values will change as the period is varied The clock period will determine the resolution available for setting the delay and width as discussed below The period can be set with 8 digit resolution from 10 000000 ns to 100 s by direct keyboard entries or by using the rotary control Pressing next calls the baseline voltage screen the last of the general set up screens Enter the baseline voltage 0 000 v 0 done next The baseline is the signal level between the end of one pulse and the start of the next i e it is the level at which all pulses start and finish The baseline can be set between 5 0V and 5 0V by direct keyboard entries or by using the rotary control Note that the actual baseline level at the output will only be as set in this field if the output amplitude is set to maximum 10 V p p into 50 Q on the AMPLITUDE screen and terminated in 50 Q If the amplitude were set for example to 5 V p p into 50 then the actual baseline range would be 2 5 to 2 5 V for set values of 5 0 to 5 0 V i e the amplitude control scales the baseline setting The actual output levels are doubled when the output is not terminated Pressing n
131. inally 0 V and 5 V from typically 50 Q SYNC OUT will withstand a short circuit L caution Do not apply an external voltage to this output Connections 3 Rear Panel Connections TRIG IN This is the external input for trigger gate sweep and sequence operations It is also the input used to synchronize the generator as a slave to another generator which is the master L caution Do not apply an external voltage exceeding 10 V SUM IN This is the input socket for external signal summing The channel s with which this signal is to be summed are selected on the SUM screen L caution Do not apply an external voltage exceeding 10 V MODULATION This is the input socket for external modulation Any number of channels may be AM or SCM modulated with this signal the target channels are selected on the MODULATION screen L caution Do not apply an external voltage exceeding 10 V Rear Panel Connections REF CLOCK IN OUT The function of the REF CLOCK IN OUT socket is set from the ref sys clock menu on the UTILITY screen see System Operations section input This is the default setting The socket becomes an input for an external 10 MHz reference clock The system automatically switches over from the internal clock when the external reference is applied output The internal 10 MHz clock is made available at the socket master slave When two or more generators are synchronized the slaves are set to slave and the ma
132. inations are of real use Pressing the MODULATION key calls the MODULATION set up screen MODULATION source ext type VCA The source soft key steps the modulation choice between off external and CHx where x is the number of the previous channel note that channel 1 does not have a previous channel With ext selected the modulation can be switched between VCA and SCM with alternate presses of the type soft key External modulation can be used with internal or external sum External modulation can be applied to any or all channels External VCA Select VCA with the type soft key on the MODULATION screen Connect the modulating signal to the MODULATION socket nominally 1 kQ input impedance a positive voltage increases the output amplitude and a negative voltage decreases the amplitude Note that clipping will occur if the combination of amplitude setting and VCA signal attempts to drive the output above 20 V p p open circuit voltage External AM is achieved by setting the required output level and applying the modulation signal which can be ac coupled if required at the appropriate level to obtain the modulation depth required If the output level is changed the amplitude of the modulating signal will have to be changed to maintain the same modulation depth The VCA signal is applied to the amplifier chain prior to the output attenuators The amplifier itself is controlled over a limited range approximately 10 dB and the full a
133. iods 1ms Because pulse waveforms are actually a particular form of arb and use clock synthesis mode pulse mode can also be operated with an external clock connected to the rear panel 10 3 291 292 294 Users Manual ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket or to the system clock on multi channel instruments To select external clock mode press the PULSE PERIOD soft key on the PULSE PERIOD screen or the PULSE FREQ softkey onthe PULSE FREQ screen to change from internal to external clock The screen changes to for example PULSE PERIOD ext source ext arb clk on a single channel instrument or PULSE PERIOD ext source ext arb clk freq 10 0000000kHz on a multi channel instrument It is then possible to select the source to be either an external signal on the ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket or the internal system clock see the Reference Clock IN OUT and System Clock Setting sections of Chapter 15 System Operations from the Utility Menu for the use of and frequency setting for the system clock Note that the pulse waveform will continue to run from the internal clock until the instrument receives the first rising edge of the external clock at that point the hardware switches over to the external source In external clock mode the period of the pulse waveform is determined by the number of points in the waveform multiplied by the period of the external clock The external clock period is determined by the user the number of points in th
134. is independent Only one master can be set more than one master can be selected but when synchronization is turned on with the status soft key the set up will be rejected Master freq selects the master and sets frequency tracking for this to be operational the master and slave s must be set to the same frequency when synchronization is turned on In this mode when the frequency of the master is changed the frequency of the slaves also changes and the slaves are re synchronized to the master Master freq is the default mode when the waveforms are clock synthesized arb pulse etc if master has been set instead the mode will automatically change to master freq when synchronization is turned on The frequency of clock synthesized waveform slaves always therefore tracks the master Finally slave selects those channel s which are to be synchronized to the master Atany time pressing the view soft key gives a graphical view of the master slave set up for example CH indep master slave Channel synchronization is turned on or off with the status soft key Any illegal setting combinations will result in an error message when an attempt is made to turn status on Any of the following conditions will cause an error see also the Synchronizing Principles section for a discussion of the set up constraints 1 More than one master channel is enabled 2 No master channel is enabled 3 The synchronized channels contain a mixture of DD
135. is sent than the number of points in the waveform the old data is retained from the point where the new data ends If more data is sent the surplus is discarded This command cannot be used over the RS232 interface since it contains a binary data block Remote Operation 1 D Remote commands Arbitrary Waveform Editing Care should be take to ensure that all channels in the instrument are running in CONTINUOUS mode before using commands from this section Failure to observe this restriction may give unexpected results ARBEDLMTS lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt Set the limits for the arbitrary waveform editing functions to start at lt nrf1 gt and stop at lt nrf2 gt If both values are set to O the commands which use them will automatically place them at the start and end points of the relevant waveform This automatic mode will remain in effect until the ARBEDLMTS command is issued again with non zero values The automatic mode is always selected at power up ARBDATACSV lt cpd gt Load data to an existing arbitrary waveform lt csv ascii data gt os lt cpd gt must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform The data consists of ascii coded values in the range 2048 to 2047 for each point The values are separated by a comma character and the data ends with lt pmt gt The data is entered into the arbitrary waveform between the points specified by the ARBEDLMTS command If less data is sent than the number of points be
136. is system combines quick and easy numeric data entry with quasi analogue adjustment when required The generator has RS232 GPIB and USB interfaces as standard which can be used for remote control of all of the instrument functions or for the down loading of arbitrary waveforms As well as operating in conventional RS232 mode the serial interface can also be used in addressable mode whereby up to 32 instruments can be linked to a single PC serial port 1 3 291 292 294 Users Manual Specifications Specifications apply at 18 to 28 C after 30 minutes warm up at maximum output into 50 Q Waveforms Standard Waveforms Sine square triangle DC positive ramp negative ramp sin x x pulse pulse train cosine haversine and havercosine Range Resolution Accuracy Temperature stability Output level Harmonic distortion Non harmonic spurious Range Resolution Accuracy Output level Rise and fall times Triangle Range Resolution Accuracy Output level Linearity error Ramps and sin x x Range Resolution Accuracy Output level Linearity error Sine Cosine Haversine Havercosine 0 1 mHz to 40 MHz 0 1 mHz or 10 digits 10 ppm for 1 year Typically 1 ppm C 2 5 mV to 10 V p p into 50 Q 0 15 THD to 100 kHz 60 dBc to 20 kHz 50 dBc to 1 MHz 40 dBc to 10 MHz 30 dBc to 40 MHz 60 dBc to 1 MHz lt 60 dBc 6 dB octave 1 MHz to 40 MHz 1 mHz t
137. kes the pulse train and runs it similar to the WAVE PULSTRN command Set the pulse train period to nrf sec 17 25 291 292 294 Users Manual 17 26 PULTRNWID lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt QER REFCLK lt cpd gt SCMLEVEL lt nrf gt SETUPCH nrf SEQCNT lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt SEQSEG lt nrf gt lt cpd gt SEQSTEP lt nrf gt lt cpd gt SEQWFM lt nrf gt lt cpd gt SUM lt cpd gt SUMRATIO lt nrf gt SWPCENTFRQ lt nrf gt SWPDIRN lt cpd gt SWPMKR lt nrf gt SWPSPACING lt cpd gt SWPSPAN lt nrf gt SWPSTARTFRQ nrf SWPSTOPFRQ lt nrf gt SWPSYNC lt cpd gt SWPTIME lt nrf gt SWPTYPE lt cpd gt SYNCOUT lt cpd gt SYSCLKFRO lt nrf gt SYSCLKSRC lt cpd gt TONEEND lt nrf gt Set the width of pulse train pulse number nrfl to lt nrf2 gt sec Query and clear query error number register Set the REF CLOCK IN OUT to lt IN gt lt OUT gt lt MASTER gt or lt SLAVE gt Set the level for SCM to lt nrf gt Volts Select channel lt nrf gt Set count for sequence segment lt nrf1 gt to lt nrf2 gt Set the status of sequence segment lt nrf gt to lt ON gt or lt OFF gt Set the step on parameter for sequence segment nrf to lt COUNT gt lt TRGEDGE gt or lt TRGLEV gt Set the waveform parameter for sequence segment nrf to lt cpd gt Set the sum source to lt OFF gt lt EXT gt or lt PREV gt Set the sum rati
138. l be carried out only by a skilled person who is aware of the hazard involved e Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specified type are used for replacement The use of makeshift fuses and the short circuiting of fuse holders is prohibited A caution If the instrument is clearly defective has been subject to mechanical damage excessive moisture or chemical corrosion the safety protection may be impaired and the apparatus should be withdrawn from use and returned for checking and repair Note amp This instrument uses a Lithium button cell for non volatile memory battery back up Typical battery life is 5 years In the event of replacement becoming necessary replace only with a cell of the correct type a 3 V Li MnO 20 mm button cell type 2032 Do not mix with solid waste stream Do not cut open incinerate expose to temperatures above 60 C or attempt to recharge Used batteries should be disposed of by a qualified recycler or hazardous materials handler Contact your authorized Fluke Service Center for recycling information L caution Do not wet the instrument when cleaning it and in particular use only a soft dry cloth to clean the LCD window The following symbols are used on the instrument and in this manual Ont O 2 P2 oP S Caution refer to the accompanying documentation incorrect operation may damage the instrument Mains supply OFF Mains supply ON Alternating current
139. lay to the previous screen On multi channel instruments the status shown is that of the channel selected by the SETUP keys this is the channel currently enabled for editing and is always the last channel selected whether power has been switched off or not You can change the basic generator parameters for the selected channel as described in chapter 5 Standard Waveforms and you can switch the output on with the MAIN OUT key the ON lamp will light to show that output is on Display Contrast All parameter settings are displayed on the 20 character x 4 row backlit liquid crystal display LCD The contrast may vary a little with changes of ambient temperature or viewing angle but can be optimized for a particular environment by using the front panel contrast control Insert a small screwdriver or trimmer tool through the adjustment aperture marked LCD and rotate the control for optimum contrast Keyboard 4 2 Pressing the front panel keys displays screens which list parameters or choices relative to the key pressed Selections are then made using the display soft keys Numeric values are changed using either the numeric keys or the rotary control as described later in this chapter under Principles of Editing The keys are grouped as follows e WAVE SELECT keys call screens from which all standard or already defined arbitrary waveforms can be selected e WAVE EDIT keys call screens from which arbitrary waveforms can be created an
140. lly 50 mV p p before the fixed attenuator causes the actual offset to be different from the programmed value Warning and Error Messages Two classes of message are displayed on the screen when an illegal combination of parameters is attempted WARNING messages are shown when the entered setting causes some change which the user might not necessarily expect as in the following two examples 1 Changing the amplitude from for example 2 5 V p p to 25 mV p p brings in the step attenuator 1f a non zero offset has been set then this will also be attenuated The message DC offset changed by amplitude will be shown temporarily on the screen but the setting will be accepted in this case the actual attenuated offset will be shown in brackets below the set value 2 With the output level set to 10 V p p increasing the dc offset beyond 5 V will cause the message Offset Sum level may cause clipping The offset change will be accepted producing a clipped waveform and the user may then choose to change the output level or the offset to produce a signal which is not clipped The word clip will show in the display beside AMPLITUDE or DC OFFSET while the clipped condition exists ERROR messages are shown when an illegal setting is attempted most generally a number outside the range of values permitted In this case the entry is rejected and the parameter setting is left unchanged as in the following three examples 1 Entering a frequency of
141. lt 5 0 V 152 Pulse level must be gt 5 0 V and lt 5 0 V 153 Pulse number must be between 1 and 10 154 Sweep frequency values must be 1 mHz to 40 MHz 155 Sweep start freq must be less than stop freq 156 Sweep stop freq must be greater than start freq 157 Sweep time value is out of range 0 001 s n 999 s 158 Sweep marker value is out of range 0 001 Hz n 40 MHz 160 Not locked This error indicates that a phase locking operation has failed 161 Illegal phase value 178 Sum ratio is not possible within level constraints 179 Sum and internal modulation cannot be active together 180 Modulation depth or SCM level is out of range 182 184 186 187 188 189 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 Remote Appendices B Warning and Error Messages Waveform is too long for the available channel memory Sum or modulation conflict Inter channel lock not possible Lock status is off This error may occur for several reasons In each case there is a conflict of the synchronization settings In most cases the status of the synchronization is set to off Any of the following conditions will cause this error 1 More than one master channel is enabled 2 No master channel is enabled 3 The locked channels contain a mixture of DDS and PLL generated waveforms 4 Frequency tracking is enabled mode master freq but the frequencies are not the same on all channels If clock synthesized waveforms are locked the mode will be forced to
142. ly that any other parameters will need adjustment Calibration should be carried out only after the generator has been operating for at least 30 minutes in normal ambient conditions Equipment Required 1 3 digit DVM with 0 25 dc accuracy and 0 5 ac accuracy at 1 kHz 2 Frequency counter capable of measuring 10 00000 MHz The DVM is connected to the MAIN OUT of each channel in turn and the counter to any SYNC OUT Frequency meter accuracy will determine the accuracy of the generator s clock setting and should ideally be 1 ppm Calibration Procedure The calibration procedure is accessed by pressing the calibration soft key on the UTILITY screen CALIBRATION SELECTED Are you sure password tests Qexit continue The software provides for a 4 digit password in the range 0000 to 9999 The password is used to protect against accidental or unauthorized access to the calibration procedure If the password is left at the factory default of 0000 no messages are shown and calibration can proceed as described below only if a non zero password has been set will the user be prompted to enter the password Setting the Password 16 2 On opening the calibration screen press the password soft key to show the password screen ENTER NEW PASSWORD edd 6 Calibration Routine Enter a 4 digit password from the keyboard the display will show the message NEW PASSWORD STORED for two seconds and then revert to
143. mplitude range is achieved by switching in up to five 10 dB attenuation stages Peak modulation cannot exceed the maximum of the range within which the channel output has been set by choice of amplitude setting Whereas with internal AM the generator Modulation 1 1 Internal Modulation gives warnings when the combination of modulation depth and amplitude setting cause waveform clipping see Internal Modulation section it is up to the user to observe the waveforms when using external VCA and to make adjustments if the waveform is clipping Note that it is not possible to give a simple guide as to where the range breakpoints are because the use of dc offset for example changes these points Within each range the maximum output setting at which clipping is avoided is reduced from range maximum to half this value as modulation is increased from 0 to 100 100 modulation will be achieved at this mid range setting with an external VCA signal of approximately 1 V p p It is also possible to modulate a dc level from the generator with a signal applied to the MODULATION socket as follows Set the generator to external trigger on the TRIGGER IN set up screen but do not apply a trigger signal to the TRIG IN socket select square wave The MAIN OUT is now set at the peak positive voltage defined by the amplitude setting pressing the key with AMPLITUDE displayed will set the level to the peak negative voltage This dc level can now be modulated by th
144. ncnnos 5 5 Synchronization OUtpUut etes tente t Heer Petre reete dde 5 6 vi Contents continued Sweep Operation SE 6 1 General nete te cie eH ei tie 6 2 Principles of Sweep Operation 6 2 Connections for Sweep Operation sese sees eee ee eee 6 2 setting Sweep parameters acoso aser pee bane Met b eS 6 2 SWeep TT 6 3 Sweep Time cett RO 6 3 SAM hu cT P TM EE 6 4 SWEeeD Spacihg wisi eerte eds qti e ER a er Me Ey 6 5 e LEI ET 6 5 Sweep Holde iR eed IER Etage Ete osito 6 5 Triggered Burst and Gate eee 7 1 GIC 7 2 Internal Trigger Generator teet melee 7 2 External Trigger Uta 7 2 Adjacent Channel Trigger Output 7 3 Triggered Burst cence ued eile Rt na EENG 7 3 TIS SEL ns A eee tae tete pee EEn 7 4 Trigger EE 7 4 Butst Cont eene tete teat eee HORT ee Pete e eee Doe 7 4 Start Phase uem e eta n E e eee ee ene e aee 7 5 Manual Initialization of Inter Channel Triggering esses 7 5 Gated mode onu ee da 7 6 Gate SQUICE cached ue eee etie tete teste certet 7 6 Gate Polar o t Ene ote eene enda 7 6 Start Phaser bae nda cd Did a tadas 7 6 Sync Out in Triggered Burst and Gated Modes AAA 7 7 A eege 8 1 eet e EE 8 2 Tone Frequency ica RE eS PE e MEE are 8 2 Tone VY lia li id 8 2 Tone Switching Source etie eot ee EC Eee die bm LA 8 3 DTMF Testing With Two Sources sss sees eee 8 3 Arbitrary Waveform Generation
145. nd the size of the memory card Arb waveforms can be created using basic front panel editing capabilities particularly useful for modifying existing standard or arb waveforms or by using waveform design software that enables the user to create waveforms from mathematical expressions from combinations of other waveforms or freehand details are given in appendix E Arbitrary Waveform Terms The following terms are used in describing arb waveforms Horizontal size The number of horizontal points is the time component of the waveform The minimum size is 8 points and the maximum is 1 048 576 points Waveform address Each horizontal point on an arb waveform has a unique address Addresses always start at 0000 thus the end address is always one less than the horizontal size Arb frequency The arb frequency is the clock rate of the data RAM address counters and has a range of 0 1 Hz to 100 MHz internal clock or dc to 50 MHz external clock on this instrument Waveform frequency The waveform frequency depends on both the arb frequency and horizontal size For example a 1000 point waveform clocked at an arb frequency of 100 MHz has a waveform frequency of 100e6 divided by 1000 100 kHz Data value Each point in the waveform has an amplitude value in the range 2048 to 2047 Waveform amplitude When playing arb waveforms the maximum output amplitude will depend on both the range of data values and the output amplitude setting A
146. neering units in this case 100 mV During a new offset entry the key can be used at any time to invert the offset alternate presses toggle the sign between and Turning the rotary control will increment or decrement the numeric value in steps determined by the position of the edit cursor flashing underline the cursor is moved with the left and right arrowed cursor keys Because the dc offset can have negative values the rotary control can take the value below zero although the display may autorange to a higher resolution if a step takes the value close to zero the increment size is maintained correctly as the offset is stepped negative For example if the display shows program 205 mVdc with the cursor in the most significant digit the rotary control will decrement the offset in 100 mV steps as follows program 205 mVdc program 105 mVdc program 5 00 mVdc program 95 0 mVdc program 195 mVdc The actual dc offset at the MAIN OUT socket is attenuated by the fixed step output attenuator when this is in use Since it is not obvious when the signal is being attenuated the actual offset is shown in brackets as a non editable field below the programmed value For example if the amplitude is set to 2 5 V p p the output is not attenuated by the fixed attenuator and the actual dc offset in brackets is the same as that set The DC OFFSET display shows DC OFFSET program 1 50 Vdc actual 1 50 Vdc lo
147. nel WARNING WARNING A THIS APPARATUS A EARTH BOND POINT UST BE EARTHED CAUTION TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK Puan our ARB oo DISCONNECT AC LINE BEFORE REMOVING COVER TRV Ge r REFER TO MANUAL WARNING THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A LITHIUM BATTERY GPIB WHICH MUST NOT BE CUT OPEN INCINERATED EXPOSED TO TEMPERATURES ABOVE 60 C OR RECHARGED DISPOSE OF IN ACCORDANCE O a O WITH LOCAL REGULATIONS ven RS232 RATED VOLTAGE 100V SETTING 100VAC 50 60 400 Hz 669699 NERIS AME e cto 230V SETTING 220 240VAC 50 60 Hz FLUKE CORPORATION THIS INSTRUMENT IS SET FOR MADE IN UK C REFER TO MANUAL TO CHANGE www fluke com Figure G 4 Model 291 Rear Panel shc0016f gif shc0017f gif WARNING THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A LITHIUM BATTERY WHICH MUST NOT BE CUT OPEN INCINERATED EXPOSED TO TEMPERATURES ABOVE 60 C OR RECHARGED DISPOSE OF IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL REGULATIONS RATED VOLTAGE ee E d 100 240VAC 50 400Hz an O O POWER 150VA MAX FUSE 2A T 250V HRC REPLACE ONLY WITH FUSE OF CORRECT TYPE AND RATING THIS INSTRUMENT HAS A UNIVERSAL OPERATING RANGE REFERTO MANUAL E WARNING A EARTH BOND POINT DO NOT TAMPER WARNING A THIS APPARATUS MUST BE EARTHED Front and Appendices Rear Panel Drawings CAUTION TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK DISCONNECT ACLINE BEFORE REMOVING COVER REFER TO MANUAL
148. ngle A rack kit for mounting in a 19 inch rack is available from the manufacturers Ventilation A fan is fitted to the rear panel of each generator Take care not to restrict the rear air inlet or the vents at the front sides and underneath In rack mounted situations allow adequate space around the instrument and or use a fan tray for forced cooling 2 2 Chapter 3 Connections Title Page Front panel connections eere dane eee dee tee t ee niece ee ce rbi eta 3 2 NEATNSOLEE ton re ooeeteeect edet g 3 2 SYNC OU itu iin eis Heil eH 3 2 TRIG ME 3 3 SUN IN nne ER eR E Rete ARTN 3 3 MODULA TION nta at enenatis 3 3 Rear Panel Connect Ons ii AS 3 3 REE CEOGCK IN OUT iere Nace T 3 3 HOLD Ni ee RR ER NR OR E Eo 3 3 ER AER Ee ee CHL LR EE 3 4 MATIN OUT hne A REESE 3 4 RS Oe Ee Age Eer Ee 3 4 GPIB IEEE2488 EE 3 5 USB oem been Need Maec gene Ae 3 5 MEMORY CARD 5 eae eu 3 5 3 1 291 292 294 Users Manual 3 2 Front panel connections MAIN OUT 1 per channel MAIN OUT is the 50 Q output from the channel s main generator It will provide up to 20 V p p into an open circuit or 10 V p p into a matched 50 Q load It can tolerate a short circuit for 60 seconds L caution Do not apply an external voltage to this output SYNC OUT 1 per channel SYNC OUT is a TTL CMOS level output which may be set to any of the following signals from the SYNC waveform sync position marker Burst done Sequence
149. ns that the waveform will step on to the next segment after the number of waveform cycles specified in the cnt count field up to 32 768 cycles can be set with cnt selected using direct keyboard entries or using the rotary control Alternatively the step on criteria can besetto trig edge or trig level inthe step on field trigger edge or trigger level can be mixed with count i e some segments can step on count others on the specified trigger condition but trigger edge cannot be mixed with trigger level in the same sequence If trig edge is selected the sequence starts running at the first waveform segment when sequence is setto run and steps to the following segments in turn at each subsequent trigger The trigger source can be any of the settings selected on the TRIGGER IN set up screen called by the TRIG IN key these are described fully in Arbitrary Waveform Generation 9 Frequency and Amplitude Control with Arbitrary Waveforms chapter 7 Triggered Burst and Gate At each trigger the current waveform cycle plus one further whole cycle are completed before the waveform of the next segment is started If trig level is selected the sequence runs continuously through each segment in turn one cycle per segment while the trigger level is true When the trigger level goes false the waveform currently selected runs continuously until the level goes true again at which point the sequence runs continuously through each segment in turn again
150. nual Note On multi channel instruments the channel to be edited must first be selected by pressing the appropriate SETUP key the lamp lights beside the SETUP key of the channel currently enabled for editing A diamond beside a screen item indicates that it is selectable hollow diamonds 0 identify deselected items and filled diamonds 4 denote selected items For example press MODE to get the screen shown below MODE continuous gated setup triggered setup The filled diamond indicates that the selected mode is continuous Gated or triggered modes are selected by pressing the associated soft key which will make the diamond beside that item filled and the diamond beside continuous hollow This screen also illustrates how an ellipsis three dots following the screen text indicates that a further screen follows when that item 1s selected In the case of the MODE screen illustrated pressing the setup soft key on the bottom line brings up the TRIGGER SETUP menu note that selecting this item does not change the selection of continuous gated or triggered Some screen items are marked with a double headed arrow when selected to indicate that the item s setting can be changed by further presses of the soft key by pressing either cursor key or by using the rotary control For example pressing FILTER brings up the screen shown below FILTER Qmode auto type 40MHz eliptic Repeated presses of the mode soft ke
151. nvoice Buyer for importation costs of repair replacement parts when product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country Fluke s warranty obligation is limited at Fluke s option to refund of the purchase price free of charge repair or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke authorized service center within the warranty period To obtain warranty service contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return authorization information then send the product to that service center with a description of the difficulty postage and insurance prepaid FOB Destination Fluke assumes no risk for damage in transit Following warranty repair the product will be returned to Buyer transportation prepaid FOB Destination If Fluke determines that failure was caused by neglect misuse contamination alteration accident or abnormal condition of operation or handling including overvoltage failures caused by use outside the product s specified rating or normal wear and tear of mechanical components Fluke will provide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work Following repair the product will be returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges FOB Shipping Point THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUD
152. o 50 MHz 1 mHz or 8 digits 10 ppm for 1 year 2 5 mV to 10V p p into 50 Q lt 8 ns 0 1 mHz to 500 kHz 0 1 mHz or 10 digits 10 ppm for 1 year 2 5 mV to 10V p p into 50 Q 0 1 96 to 30 KHz 0 1 mHz to 500 kHz 0 1 mHz 10 digits 10 ppm for 1 year 2 5 mV to 10V p p into 50 Q 0 1 96 to 30 KHz Pulse and Pulse Train Output level Rise and fall times Period range resolution accuracy Delay range resolution Width range resolution Introduction and Specifications 1 Specifications 2 5 mV to 10V p p into 50 Q lt 8 ns 40 ns to 100 s 8 digits 10 ppm for 1 year 99 99 s to 99 99 s 0 001 of period or 10 ns whichever is greater 8 digits 10 ns to 99 99 s 0 001 of period or 10 ns whichever is greater 8 digits Note that the pulse width and absolute value of the delay may not exceed the pulse period at any time Pulse trains of up to 10 pulses may be specified each pulse having independently defined width delay and level The baseline voltage is separately defined and the sequence repetition rate is set by the pulse train period Arbitrary Waveforms Up to 500 user defined waveforms may be stored on the removable memory card Waveforms can be defined by front panel editing controls by downloading of waveform data via RS232 GPIB or USB or by writing directly to the removable memory card using the USB card reader writer connected to a PC Waveform memory size Vertical resol
153. o to lt nrf gt Set the sweep centre frequency to lt nrf gt Hz Set the sweep direction to UP DOWN lt DNUP gt or UPDN Set the sweep marker to nrf Hz Set the sweep spacing to LIN or LOG Set the sweep frequency span to nrf Hz Set the sweep start frequency to lt nrf gt Hz Set the sweep stop frequency to lt nrf gt Hz Set the sweep sync lt ON gt or lt OFF gt Set the sweep time to lt nrf gt sec Set the sweep type to lt CONT gt lt TRIG gt or lt THLDRST gt Set the sync output ON OFF AUTO WFMSYNC lt POSNMKR gt lt BSTDONE gt lt SEQSYNC gt TRIGGER lt SWPSYNC gt or lt PHASLOC gt Set the frequency of the system clock to lt nrf gt Hz Set the source of the system clock to lt INT gt or lt EXT gt Delete tone frequency number lt nrf gt thus defining the end of the list TONEFREQ lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt TRIGIN lt cpd gt TRIGLEV lt nrf gt TRIGOUT lt cpd gt TRIGPER lt nrf gt USBID VCAIN lt cpd gt WAVE lt cpd gt WAVFREQ lt nrf gt WAVPER lt nrf gt WFMCLKSRC lt cpd gt ZLOAD lt cpd gt Remote Operation 1 D Remote Command Summary Set tone frequency number lt nrf1 gt to nrf2 Hz The third parameter sets the tone type 1 willgive trig 2 will give FSK any other value gives gate type Set the trig input to INT EXT MAN lt PREV gt NEXT POS or
154. odes the start phase i e the starting point on the waveform cycle can be specified Internal Trigger Generator The period of the internal trigger generator is set with the period soft key on the TRIGGER IN set up screen called by the TRIG IN key source int forced slope positive Qlevel 1 4 V period 1 00ms The internal trigger generator divides down a crystal oscillator to produce a 1 1 square wave with a period from 0 01 ms 100 KHz to 200 s 0 005 Hz Generator period entries that cannot be exactly set are accepted and rounded up to the nearest available value so that for example 0 109 ms is rounded to 0 11 ms When triggered burst or gated modes are selected the SYNC OUT source automatically defaults to trigger which is the output of the internal trigger generator when internal triggering or gating is specified In triggered burst mode the selected edge of each cycle of the trigger generator is used to initiate a burst the interval between bursts is therefore 0 01 ms to 200 s as set by the generator period In gated mode the output of the main generator is gated on whilst the internal trigger generator output is true the duration of the gate is therefore 0 005 ms to 100 s in step with trigger generator periods of 0 01 ms to 200 s External Trigger Input External trigger or gate signals are applied to the front panel TRIG IN socket which has a variable threshold level set using the level soft key the level can be
155. orm being edited wave insert In addition sections of the waveform can be selected and their peak to peak level changed using wave amplitude or baseline changed using wave offset Sections of the waveform can be copied into itself block copy and position markers for use at SYNC OUT can also be defined Pressing the exit soft key on any of these edit screens will return the display to the EDIT FUNCTIONS menu Point Edit Press the point edit soft key to call the POINT EDIT screen POINT EDIT WFM1 addrs value 0000512 0500 0 Qexit next point To modify a point press the addrs soft key and enter the address directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control the current data value will be displayed to the right of the address To change the value press value and enter the new value directly from keyboard or by using the rotary control Changing the data value automatically updates the waveform Pressing the next point soft key automatically advances the address by one point alternatively press addrs to permit address entry from the keyboard or using the rotary control Line Edit Press the line draw soft key to call the LINE screen LINE addrs value f rm 0000512 0000 0 to 0000750 0412 0 Qexit draw lineo The display shows a frm from and to address which will be the points between which a straight line will be created when the draw line soft key is pressed The 9 7 291 292 294 U
156. orms in any of the supported types may be displayed simultaneously On line help is available in three ways 1 The help menu contains a contents option from which you can go to any section of the on line help file or browse particular areas or the whole file It is also possible to use the Index and Find operations of the Windows help system to search for items which are not listed directly in the contents section E 1 291 292 294 Users Manual E 2 2 Some dialog boxes have a Help button which when clicked will open the on line help file at the section containing the description of that dialog box 3 From most windows and dialogues the F1 key will open the help file at the relevant section Waveform Manager allows you to keep waveforms for different projects separate from each other on your hard drive A project may be placed anywhere in any directory folder and all waveform files for that project will be stored in a structure below that directory A project is identified by a user defined name Each project maintains its own library of expressions Appendix F Block Diagrams Internal trigger generator Waveform end TRIG IN front panel BNC osition marker 7 Tri tf h n 1 Sequence en Roger gut trom ci Burst done __ Trigger out to Ch n 1 and Ch n 1 Trigger out from Ch n 1 Manual remote trigger Lock out routed via SYNC OUT BNC if this instrument is the master Internal lock in Master clock
157. perated with an external clock connected to the rear panel ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket or the system clock on multi channel instruments To select external clock mode press the PULS TRN PER soft key on the PULS TRN PER screen or the PULSE FREQ softkey onthe PULSE FREQ screen to change from internal to external clock The screen changes to for example OPULS TRN PER ext source ext arb clk on a single channel instrument or QPULS TRN PER ext source ext arb clk freq 10 0000000kHz on a multi channel instrument It is then possible to select the source to be either an external signal on the ARB CLOCK IN OUT socket or the internal system clock see the Reference Clock IN OUT and System Clock Setting sections of Chapter 15 System Operations from the Utility Menu for the use of and frequency setting for the system clock 10 7 291 292 294 Users Manual Note that the pulse train waveform will continue to run from the internal clock until the instrument receives the first rising edge of the external clock at that point the hardware switches over to the external source In external clock mode the period of the pulse train waveform is determined by the number of points in the waveform multiplied by the period of the external clock The external clock period is determined by the user the number of points in the pulse train waveform can be found before selecting external clock by pressing the setup soft key beside pulse train on t
158. period can be set between 40 000000 ns and 100 00000 s with 4 digit resolution by direct entries from the keyboard or by using the rotary control Pressing the next soft key calls the pulse width screen Enter pulse width program 50 000000 us actual 50 000000 us Qexit next The width can be entered directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control Any value in the range 10 00000 ns to 99 999999 s can be programmed but the actual value may differ because of the considerations discussed below for this reason the actual pulse width is shown below the program width Pressing the next soft key calls the pulse delay screen Enter pulse delay program 0 0000000 ns actual 0 0000000 ns Qexit done This is very similar to the pulse width screen and again the actual delay is shown below the program delay The delay value that can be entered must be in the range pulse period 1 point positive values delay the pulse output with respect to waveform sync from SYNC OUT negative values cause the pulse to be output before the Pulse and Pulse trains 1 0 Pulse Set Up waveform sync Pressing the done soft key on this screen returns the display to the STANDARD WAVEFORMS screen The means by which pulse period is set up in the hardware requires an understanding because it affects the setting resolution of both pulse width and delay Pulse is actually a particular form of arbitrary waveform made up of between 4 and 100 000
159. pletion of the entry Note that entries greater than1 0 will cause clipping if the waveform already uses the full 2048 to 2047 data value range the result is however still treated as a valid waveform The original waveform can be restored by pressing the undo soft key Amplitude edit operates on the version of the waveform in the channel currently selected by the channel set up keys the effect of the edit can be seen by selecting the waveform to run on that channel When the amplitude has been modified as required the new waveform can be saved by pressing the save key once saved the original waveform cannot be recovered Pressing save exit returns tothe EDIT FUNCTIONS screen after the save has been implemented To exitthe AMPLITUDE edit without saving changes press undo then save exit 9 9 291 292 294 Users Manual Waveform Offset Pressing the wave offset soft key initiates the creation of a temporary copy of the waveform to be edited and calls the WAVE OFFSET screen WAVE OFFSET 0000 60000000 to 00001230 undo set offset save amp exit saved The waveform offset can be changed on a section of the waveform defined by the start and stop addresses Set the addresses by pressing the appropriate soft key and making entries directly from the keyboard or using the rotary control The data values over the specified section of the waveform are offset by the value entered inthe WAVE OFFSET field Press the appropri
160. point or exponential format For example 250 mV can be entered as 250 exp 3 or 250 etc The display will always show the entry in the most appropriate engineering units in this case 250 mV Turning the rotary control will increment or decrement the numeric value in steps determined by the position of the edit cursor flashing underline the cursor is moved with the left and right arrowed cursor keys Alternate presses of the key will invert the signal at the MAIN OUT socket if the DC OFFSET is non zero the signal is inverted about the same offset The exception to this occurs when the amplitude is specified in dBm Since low level signals are specified in dBm 0 dBm 1 mW into 50 Q 0 224 mV rms the sign is interpreted as part of a new amplitude entry and not as a command to invert the signal Note that for DC sin x x pulse train arbitrary and sequence the amplitude can only be displayed and entered in the Vpp form further limitations on pulse train arbitrary and sequence amplitude are discussed in the appropriate sections 5 3 291 292 294 Users Manual DC Offset Pressing the OFFSET key gives the DC OFFSET screen DC OFFSET program 0 00 mVdc actual 0 00 mVdc load hiZ O The offset can be entered directly from the keyboard in integer floating point or exponential format for example 100 mV can be entered as 0 001 or as 100 exp 3 etc The display will always show the entry in the most appropriate engi
161. pressing the STD key by pressing the arb softkey inthe STANDARD WAVEFORMS list this makes it easier to switch quickly between a true standard waveform e g sine and a particular arb 9 3 291 292 294 Users Manual Creating New Waveforms Pressing the CREATE key calls the CREATE NEW WAVEFORM screen CREATE NEW WAVEFORM create blank create from copy Create Blank Waveform Pressing the create blank soft key calls the menu create WFM1 size 0001024 cancel created The top line contains the user defined waveform name which can be up to 8 characters long The instrument allocates a default name of WFM lt n gt starting at WFM1 the name can be edited by selecting the appropriate character position with the cursor keys and then setting the character with the rotary control which scrolls through all alphanumeric characters in sequence Pressing the size soft key permits the waveform length to be entered directly from the keyboard or by using the rotary control and cursor keys the default size is 1024 The minimum size is 8 and the maximum 1 048 576 appropriate warnings are given if attempts are made to set a waveform size outside these limits This menu can be exited either by pressing the cancel soft key which keeps the name but does not allocate the memory space or by pressing the create soft key which builds a blank waveform i e one in which all the data values are zero and returns the screen to the
162. pt simultaneously When sweep is turned on the software creates a table of 2000 frequencies between and including the specified start and stop values Because any frequency used in sweep mode must be one of the tabled values the centre frequency displayed see Sweep range below may not be the exact midpoint and markers see Sweep marker below may not be exactly at the programmed frequency The frequency resolution of the steps will be particularly coarse with wide sweeps Connections for Sweep Operation Sweeps are generally used with an oscilloscope or hard copy device to investigate the frequency response of a circuit The MAIN OUT is connected to the circuit input and the circuit output is connected to an oscilloscope or for slow sweeps a recorder An oscilloscope or recorder can be triggered by connecting its trigger input to the generator s SYNC OUT which defaults to sweep sync when sweep is turned on The sweep sync signal goes high at the start of sweep and remains high for the duration of the first frequency step To show a marker on the display instrument the SYNC OUT can be set to additionally output a marker pulse See Sweep marker below for setting the marker frequency For triggered sweeps a trigger signal may be provided by any of the possible trigger sources i e internal external manual or remote The generator does not provide a ramp output for use with X Y displays or recorders Setting sweep parameters 6
163. r 4 it is the 100 MHz signal that is distributed from master to slaves and channels can in principle be frequency synchronized with any frequency combination However the number of cycles between the phase referenced points will be excessively large unless the ratio is a small rational number for example a 2 kHz signal could be synchronized usefully with 10 kHz 50 kHz 100 kHz etc but not with 2 001 kHz For clock synthesized waveforms it is the PLL clock of the master which is distributed from master to slaves the clock frequency for master and slaves is therefore always the same The number of points comprising the waveforms should also be the same to ensure that the waveforms themselves appear locked From the foregoing it is clear that only DDS slaves can be synchronized to a DDS master and only clock synthesized slaves can be synchronized to a clock synthesized master In practice the constraints described are not severe as the most common use of synchronization is to provide outputs of the same waveform at the same frequency or a harmonic of it often with controlled phase offsets Master Slave Allocation 13 2 Press the front panel INTER CHannel key to call up the inter channel set up screen fmode indep phase 000 0 actual 000 0 Ostatus off view Synchronizing 1 3 Inter Channel Synchronization The mode soft key can be used to select between independent master master freq and slave the default mode
164. r same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for 0 V 5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Check for 10 V 3 96 Adjust for minimum volts ac Adjust for 0 V 5 mV Adjust for 0 V x5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Adjust for 1 V 1 mV Adjust for 0 1 V 1 mV Adjust for 2 236 V ac 10 mV Adjust for 0 V 5 mV Adjust for 5 V 5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Note reading Check reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Calibration Routine 16 16 5 291 292 294 Users Manual CAL 111 CH4 Level 32 5 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 112 CH4 Level 35 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 113 CHA Level 37 5 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 114 CH4 Level 40 MHz Adjust for same reading CAL 115 Clock calibrate Adjust for 10 00000 MHz at SYNC OUT Remote Calibration 16 6 Calibration of the instrument may be performed over the RS232 or GPIB interface To completely automate the process the DVM and frequency meter will also need to be remote controlled and the controller will need to run a calibration program unique to this instrument The remote calibr
165. r the given channel output amplitude Warnings are given when either a ratio sum input or output amplitude change is attempted which would cause the channel s output to be driven into clipping In general it is recommended that the amplitude of the sum input is not greater than the channel amplitude i e the ratio is less than or equal to 1 most ratio values can be set down to very small signal levels If the sum input is greater than the channel amplitude there will be combinations when the ratio can be set to a little greater than 1 Note that the software will always accept an entry make the calculation and if the combination is not possible return the instrument to its last legitimate setting The amplitude of the channel being used for the internal sum signal can still be adjusted on its own AMPLITUDE set up screen its status screen shows the message 9x to indicate that it is being used as a source for channel x Internal sum cannot be used with internal modulation 12 3 291 292 294 Users Manual 12 4 Chapter 13 Synchronizing Title Page Introduction miii aves ae A eae ele eee aed was 13 2 Inter Channel Synchronization eese nennen 13 2 Synchronizing Principles eese nennen nennen nennen 13 2 Master Slave Allocation eraai det tete retro 13 2 Phase Setting Between Channels A 13 4 Other Synchronizing Considerapons eene 13 4 Synchronizing two generatorg nono eene rennen nennen nennen 13 5 Connections
166. r to chapter 15 System Operations from the Utility Menu REF SYS CLOCK sys clk off freq 10 000000kHz Qref clk master Repeated presses of the ref clk soft key toggle between the possibilities The slave is set to slave Setting the master generator to master forces the mode to continuous and defaults the SYNC OUT output to phase lock Only one of the SYNC OUT is needed for inter generator synchronization the others may be reset to other functions if required The phase relationship between the slave and the master is set on the inter channel set up screen of the slave accessed by pressing the INTER CHannel key fmode indep phase 000 0 actual 000 0 status off view The phase of the slave generator is set by adjusting the phase of the master channel on the slave generator s inter channel set up screen exactly as described under Phase Setting Between Channels above The phase s of slave channel s on the slave generator are set up with respect to the master in the way described in that same section When a single channel generator which has no inter channel set up key or screen is the slave its phase is set using the TRIGGER GATE SETUP screen The Trigger Phase section of chapter 7 Triggered Burst and Gate covers this process The convention adopted for the phase relationship between generators is that a positive phase setting advances the slave generator with respect to the master and a negative setting
167. rbitrary waveforms Double sideband with carrier Double sideband suppressed carrier 1 9 291 292 294 Users Manual Modulation source Internal from the previous channel external from modulation input socket The external modulation signal may be applied to any number of channels simultaneously Frequency range DC to gt 100 kHz Internal AM depth U to 105 resolution 96 Carrier suppression SCM gt 40 dB External modulation signal range VCA Approximately 1 V p p for 100 level change at maximum output SCM Approximately 1 V pk for maximum output Inter Channel Analog Summing Waveform summing sums the waveform from any channel into the next channel Alternatively any number of channels may be summed with the signal at the SUM input socket Carrier frequency Entire range for selected waveform Carrier waveforms All standard and arbitrary waveforms Sum source Internal from the previous channel external from SUM IN socket Frequency range DC to 225 MHz External signal range Approximately 5 V p p input for 20 V p p output Inter Channel Synchronization Two or more channels may be synchronized together Each synchronized channel may be assigned a phase angle relative to the other locked channels Arbitrary waveforms and waveform sequences may be synchronized but certain constraints apply to waveform lengths and clock frequency ratios With one channel assigned as the master and other channels
168. rdware attached to the USB interface and if this is the first time the connection has been made prompt for the location of a suitable driver Provided that the standard Windows prompts are followed correctly Windows will install the appropriate driver The driver will remain installed on the PC and should be called automatically each time the instrument is connected to the PC via USB in the future When the instrument is connected to a PC with the correct driver installed there will be an exchange of information between PC and instrument called the Enumeration process this connects the two together It is possible to connect several instruments of the same type at the same time and the PC will be able to communicate with each one individually To make it easy for an application program to direct commands to the required instrument the driver interrogates each instrument as it is connected to get its address The application program can then access the instruments individually by that address The waveform design software supplied with this generator has been enhanced to permit downloads to the instrument using USB For users wishing to write their own application software for USB communication with the generator the relevant information is supplied on the CD ROM containing the drivers themselves GPIB Interface The 24 way GPIB connector is located on the instrument rear panel The pin connections are as specified in IEEE Std 488 1 1987
169. re created as if they were arbitrary waveforms with the first point of the waveform exactly at the start phase each time the phase or frequency is changed the waveform is recalculated This can cause a slight lag if the parameters are changed quickly using the rotary knob The phase resolution of true arbitrary waveforms is limited by the waveform length since the maximum resolution is 1 clock thus waveforms with a length greater than 3600 points will have a resolution of 0 1 but below this number of points the maximum resolution becomes 360 divided by the number of points Square waves pulse pulse trains and sequences have no start phase adjustment phase is fixed at 0 Refer to the table in the Triggered Burst section above for a summary of start phase capabilities Sync Out in Triggered Burst and Gated Modes When triggered burst or gated modes are selected the SYNC OUT source automatically defaults to trigger this is a positive edged signal synchronized to the actual trigger used whether internal from the internal trigger generator or an adjacent channel or external of either polarity Alternatively SYNC OUT can be set to burst done onthe SYNC OUT set up screen in this case it provides a signal which is low while the waveform is running and high at all other times 7 7 291 292 294 Users Manual 7 8 Chapter 8 Tone Mode Title Page risen rent 8 2 Tone Frequency oen tte T 8 2 Tone Type eripi eee eere esper
170. rf gt TRIGPER nrf Set the mode to CONT lt GATE gt lt TRIG gt lt SWEEP gt or lt TONE gt Set the burst count to lt nrf gt Set the generator phase to lt nrf gt degrees This parameter is used for setting the trigger gate mode start stop phase and the phase difference when synchronizing channels Delete tone frequency number nrf thus defining the end of the list Set tone frequency number lt nrf1 gt to nrf2 Hz The third parameter sets the tone type 1 will give Trig 2 will give FSK any other value gives Gate type Set the sweep start frequency to nrf Hz Set the sweep stop frequency to nrf Hz Set the sweep centre frequency to nrf Hz Set the sweep frequency spanto nrf Hz Set the sweep time to lt nrf gt sec Set the sweep type to CONT lt TRIG gt or lt THLDRST gt Set the sweep direction to UP DOWN lt UPDN gt or lt DNUP gt Set the sweep sync lt ON gt or lt OFF gt Set the sweep spacing to LIN or LOG Set the sweep marker to lt nrf gt Hz Set the main output lt ON gt lt OFF gt lt NORMAL gt or lt INVERT gt Set the sync output ON OFF AUTO WFMSYNC lt POSNMKR gt lt BSTDONE gt lt SEQSYNC gt lt TRIGGER gt lt SWPSYNC gt or lt PHASLOC gt Set the trig output to lt AUTO gt lt WFMEND gt lt POSNMKR gt SEQSYNC or lt BSTDONE gt Set the trig input to INT EXT MAN
171. rf2 gt sec Makes the pulse train and runs it similar to the WAVE PULSTRN command Select an arbitrary waveform for output cpd must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform Backup memory is always used as the source of the arb The arb will be copied to the channel memory if necessary Returns a list of all arbitrary waveforms on the memory card Each will return a name and length in the following form lt cpd gt lt nr1 gt The list will end with lt rmt gt Interrogates the memory card Returns available space in MB e g 21 5MB Returns 0 0MB if either WAVES or SETUP directories are full returns 1 if no memory card is found Returns the formatted capacity of the memory card in MBytes Returns the volume label of the memory card Care should be take to ensure that all channels in the instrument are running in CONTINUOUS mode before using commands from this section Failure to observe this restriction may give unexpected results ARBDELETE lt cpd gt Delete the arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt from backup memory 17 13 291 292 294 Users Manual 17 14 ARBCLR lt cpd gt ARBCREATE lt cpd gt lt nrf gt ARBDEFCSV lt cpd gt lt nrf gt csv ascii data ARBDEF lt cpd gt lt nrf gt bin data block Delete the arb lt cpd gt from channel memory The backup memory is not changed Create a new blank arbitrary waveform with name cpd andlength nrf points Define a n
172. ro CH1 DC offset at full scale CH1 DC offset at full scale CH1 Multiplier zero CH1 Multiplier offset CH1 Waveform offset CH1 Output level at full scale CH1 20 dB attenuator CH1 40 dB attenuator CH1 10 dB attenuator CH1 Not used CH1 Not used CH1 Not used CH1 Level 0 1 MHz CH1 Level 33 MHz CH1 Level 1 MHz CH1 Level 2 MHz CH1 Level 4 MHz CH1 Level 5 MHz CH1 Level 10 MHz CH1 Level 15 MHz CH1 Level 20 MHz CH1 Level 25 MHz CH1 Level 30 MHz CH1 Level 32 5 MHz CH1 Level 35 MHz CH1 Level 37 5 MHz CH1 Level 40 MHz CH2 DC offset zero CH2 DC offset at full scale CH2 DC offset at full scale CH2 Multiplier zero CH2 Multiplier offset CH2 Waveform offset CH2 Output level at full scale CH2 20 dB attenuator CH2 40 dB attenuator CH2 10 dB attenuator CH2 Sum offset CH2 SCM level at full scale CH2 AM level at full scale CH2 Level 0 1 MHz CH2 Level 33 MHz CH2 Level 1 MHz CH2 Level 2 MHz CH2 Level 4 MHz CH2 Level 5 MHz CH2 Level 10 MHz CH2 Level 15 MHz CH2 Level 20 MHz CH2 Level 25 MHz CH2 Level 30 MHz CH2 Level 32 5 MHz Adjust for 0 V 5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Check for 10 V 3 96 Adjust for minimum volts ac Adjust for 0 V x5 mV Adjust for 0 V x5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Adjust for 1 V x1 mV Adjust for 0 1 V 1 mV Adjust for 2 236 V ac 10 mV Note reading Check reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adj
173. rol interface set up power up parameters error message settings and store recall set ups to from a memory card the STORE and RECALL keys can also be used to directly access the memory card settings files e The INTER CHannel and COPY CHannel keys multi channel instruments only directly call screens from which channel to channel synchronization and set up copying can be controlled e The SETUP keys multi channel instruments only select the channel to be edited the lamp lights beside the channel currently enabled for editing e Eight soft keys around the display are used to directly set or select parameters from the currently displayed menu their operation is described in more detail in the next section e The STATUS key always returns the display to the default start up screen which gives an overview of the generator s status Pressing STATUS again returns the display to the previous screen Further explanations will be found in the detailed descriptions of the generator s operation Principles of Editing Each screen called up by pressing a front panel key shows parameter value s and or a list of choices Parameter values can be edited by using the rotary control in combination with the left and right arrowed cursor keys or by direct numeric keyboard entry choices are made using the soft key associated with the screen item to be selected The examples which follow assume factory default settings 4 3 291 292 294 Users Ma
174. rough the choices The source selection of the SYNC OUT waveform can be made automatic auto or user defined manual with alternate presses of the mode soft key In automatic mode the SYNC OUT waveform most appropriate for the current main waveform is selected For example waveform sync is automatically selected for all continuous standard and arbitrary waveforms but trigger is selected in trigger or gated waveform modes The automatic selection will be mentioned in each of the appropriate main waveform mode sections and a full table is given in the appendix The automatic selection can still be changed manually by the src soft key even when auto mode has been selected but the selection will immediately revert to the automatic choice as soon as any relevant parameter for example main waveform frequency or amplitude is adjusted You must select manual withthe mode soft key for a source other than the automatic choice to remain set The auto selection will generally set the most frequently used signal for example waveform sync for all continuous main waveforms but you will need to use manual for any special requirements such as position markers on arbitrary waveforms 291 292 294 Users Manual 5 8 Chapter 6 Sweep Operation Title Page General 6 2 Principles of Sweep Operation 6 2 Connections for Sweep Operation sss sese eee eee ee eee 6 2 Setting sweep PATAMEterSs 3 2
175. rs the Standard Event Status Register Query Error Register and Execution Error Register This indirectly clears the Status Byte Register Set the Standard Event Status Enable Register to the value of lt nrf gt Returns the value in the Standard Event Status Enable Register in lt nr1 gt numeric format The syntax of the response is lt nr1 gt lt rmt gt Returns the value in the Standard Event Status Register in lt nr1 gt numeric format The register is then cleared The syntax of the response is lt nrl gt lt rmt gt 17 19 291 292 294 Users Manual 17 20 IDN IST OPC OPC PRE lt nrf gt PRE SRE lt nrf gt SRE STB WAI TST EER QER Returns the instrument identification The exact response is determined by the instrument configuration and is of the form NAME model 0 lt version gt lt rmt gt where NAME is the manufacturer s name MODEL defines the type of instrument and VERSION is the revision level of the software installed Returns ist local message as defined by IEEE Std 488 2 The syntax of the response is O lt rmt gt if the local message is false or 1 lt rmt gt if the local message is true Sets the Operation Complete bit bit 0 in the Standard Event Status Register This will happen immediately the command is executed because of the sequential nature of all operations Query operation complete status The syn
176. rules are not followed Once the pulse train has been defined the period can be adjusted irrespective of the pulse width and delay settings for the individual pulses because unlike a conventional pulse Pulse and Pulse trains 1 0 Pulse Train Set Up generator the individual pulse widths and delays are adjusted proportionally to the period as the period is changed Period can also be changed from the PULSE TRN PERIOD screen called by pressing the FREQ key with pulse train mode selected QPULS TRN PER int 100 00000 us freq periodi The new setting can be entered either as a period in the way already described or as a frequency by first pressing the freq soft key However changing the period or frequency from this screen is slightly different from changing the period on the pulse train set up screen When changing from this screen the number of points in the waveform is never changed just as with a true arb which means that the shortest period highest frequency that can be set is the number of waveform points times 10 00 ns To achieve faster frequencies up to the specification limit the period must be changed from the pulse train set up screen Changing the frequency from the pulse train set up screen causes the number of points to be reduced as the period is reduced for periods less than 1 00 ms Because pulse train waveforms are actually a particular form of arb and use clock synthesis mode pulse train mode can also be o
177. s eee eee 1 10 Interfaces cian sit 1 11 General nnne xe EA EET EA nih 1 11 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction 1 2 This range of synthesized programmable arbitrary waveform generators have the following features e 1 2 or 4 independent arb channels e Additional DC to 50MHz fixed amplitude sine and squarewave outputs on 2 and 4 channel instruments e Upto 100 MHz sampling frequency e Sinewaves up to 40 MHz squarewaves up to 50 MHz e Output level 2 5 mV to 10 V p p into 50 Q with 12 bit vertical resolution e 1M points horizontal resolution per channel e Compact Flash card for non volatile waveform memory e Waveform linking looping and sequencing e Inter channel triggering summing modulation and phase control e GPIB RS232 and USB interfaces The instruments use a combination of direct digital synthesis and variable clock techniques to provide high performance and extensive facilities in a compact package They can generate a wide variety of waveforms between 0 1 mHz and 50 MHz with high resolution and accuracy Arbitrary waveforms may be defined with 12 bit vertical resolution and from 8 to 1 048 576 horizontal points In addition a number of standard waveforms are available including sine square triangle ramp and pulse Arbitrary waveforms may be replayed at a user specified waveform frequency or period or the sample rate may be defined in terms of period or frequency Alternatively an external arb clock ma
178. sers Manual default frm address is the first point on the waveform or the point most recently edited if point edit has been used Set the from address and value by pressing the appropriate soft key and making an entry direct from the keyboard or by using the rotary control repeat for the to address and value The line will be drawn between the two selected points when the draw line soft key is pressed Wave Insert Pressing wave insert callsthe wave insert screen wFM1 gt WFM2 0000000 strt00004000 0000512 stop01000000 Qexit insert Wave insert places waveforms between programmable start and stop points Both standard and arbitrary waveforms can be inserted in the new waveform with the exception of pulse pulse train and sequence A section of an arbitrary waveform can be inserted as defined by the lefthand strt start and stop addresses 0 and 512 of WFM1 on the screen above these addresses default to the start and stop of the whole waveform but can be reset to define any section of the waveform Change the addresses by pressing the appropriate soft key and making entries from the keyboard or using the rotary control The destination of the selected section of the source waveform in the new waveform is defined by the right hand strt start and stop addresses Change the addresses by pressing the appropriate soft key and making entries from the keyboard or using the rotary control The insertion is confirmed by pressing
179. ssage NL END Each query produces a specific RESPONSE MESSAGE gt which is listed along with the command in the remote commands list WHITE SPACE is ignored except in command identifiers thus for example C LS is not equivalent to CLS WHITE SPACE is defined as character codes 00H to 20H inclusive with the exception of the NL character 0AH The high bit of all characters is ignored The commands are not case sensitive Command List This section lists all commands and queries implemented in this instrument The commands are listed in alphabetical order within the function groups Note that there are no dependent parameters coupled parameters overlapping commands expression program data elements or compound command program headers each command is completely executed before the next command is started All commands are sequential and the operation complete message is generated immediately after execution in all cases The following nomenclature is used 17 11 291 292 294 Users Manual 17 12 lt rmt gt lt cpd gt lt nrf gt nri Led RESPONSE MESSAGE TERMINATOR gt CHARACTER PROGRAM DATA a short mnemonic or string such as ON or OFF A number in any format For example 12 12 00 1 2 e 1and120 e 1 are all accepted as the number 12 Any number when received is converted to the required precision consistent with the use then rounded up to obtain the value of the command
180. ster is setto master As an output the logic levels are nominally 1 V and 4 V from typically 50 Q The output will withstand a short circuit As an input the threshold is TTL CMOS compatible L caution Do not apply external voltages exceeding 5 V or 1 V to this signal connection HOLD IN Controls the waveform hold function The input impedance is nominally 10 kQ 3 3 291 292 294 Users Manual L caution Do not apply an external voltage exceeding 10 V ARB CLOCK IN OUT Set to an input this is the input for a user supplied ARB clock in the frequency range dc to 50 MHz Set to an output it outputs the system clock at TTL CMOS compatible logic levels AX caution Do not apply an external voltage exceeding 5 V or 1 V MAIN OUT 1 per channel These plugged panel positions are provided for the user to fit a 50 Q BNC as an alternative to each front panel MAIN OUT socket where rear panel connections are required in a rack mounted system The front panel MAIN OUT connection must be carefully disconnected from the pcb and the pcb then rewired using high quality 50 Q coax to the new rear panel connector L caution Do not apply external voltages to these outputs RS232 9 pin D connector compatible with addressable RS232 use The pin connections are shown below m Lem estos OO OOOO C premere o s T emememem OOOO risa os econ ranas a Samaan OOOO Pin 2 3 and 5 may be used as a conventional RS
181. store function is only available by means of the store soft key on the UTILITY menu 14 3 291 292 294 Users Manual Pressing STORE or store calls the screen Save to store SETUP22 Qexecute A unique store name must be entered using the left and right cursor keys and the rotary control The left and right keys step the edit cursor through the eight possible character positions of the name and the rotary control is used to scroll through all possible character choices Once the unique name has been entered the current instrument set up is saved to that store name by pressing the execute soft key If the name already exists the display changes to give the option to overwrite ok or Cancel File SETUP22 exists overwrite Gok cancel Up to 510 named stores can be accommodated on a memory card subject only to waveform length and card capacity Pressing RECALL calls the RECALL screen RECALL execute QTESTWAVE deleted SETUP6 SETUP22 default The complete list of the set ups stored on the memory card can be scrolled through the display using the rotary control To make it easier to find a particular set up in a long list it is recommended that the set ups on the card are first sorted into alphabetical order using the sort facility on the MEMORY CARD screen described later in this section The required set up is selected with its corresponding soft key and the recall is actioned with the ex
182. strument or controller to suspend the output of a talker The listener must send 11H XON before the talker will resume sending This is the only form of handshake control supported by the addressable RS232 mode 17 5 291 292 294 Users Manual Full List of Addressable RS232 Interface Control Codes 02H Set Addressable Mode 03H Universal Unaddress control code 04H Lock Non Addressable mode control code 06H Acknowledge that listen address received OAH Line Feed LF used as the universal command and response terminator ODH Carriage Return CR formatting code otherwise ignored 11H Restart transmission XON 12H Listen Address must be followed by an address belonging to the required instrument 13H Stop transmission XOFF 14H Talk Address must be followed by an address belonging to the required instrument 18H Universal Device Clear USB Interface The USB interface allows the instrument to be controlled via a PC s USB port The instrument is supplied with a CD ROM containing drivers for various versions of Windows including Win98 and 2000 Any driver updates are available via the Fluke web site http www fluke com The CD ROM also contains a pdf file with information and details of the software installation procedure Installation of the driver is achieved by connecting the instrument to a PC via a standard USB cable The Windows plug and play functions should automatically recognize the addition of new ha
183. sync Trigger Sweep sync Phase lock OUT screen A sync marker phase coincident with the MAIN OUT waveform For standard waveforms sine cosine haversine havercosine square triangle sin x x and ramp the sync marker is a square wave with a 1 1 duty cycle The rising edge is at the 0 phase point and the falling edge at the 180 phase point For arbitrary waveforms the sync marker is a positive pulse coincident with the first few points addresses of the waveform When position pos n marker is selected the instrument generates a pulse marker pattern for arbitrary waveforms The pulse pattern is programmable from the edit waveform menuonthe MODIFY screen Provides a signal during gate or trigger modes which is low while the waveform is active at the main output and high at all other times Provides a signal which is low during the last cycle of the last waveform in a sequence and high at all other times Provides a positive going version of the actual trigger signal internal external manual and remote all produce a trigger sync Goes high at the start of sweep and remains high for the duration of the first frequency step In addition a half amplitude marker pulse can be set to be output at any of the frequency steps Produces a positive edge coincident with the start of the current waveform this is used for phase locking instruments This waveform may not appear coherent SYNC OUT logic levels are nom
184. t pos n marker Position marker arbitrary waveforms only Any point s on the main waveform may have marker bit s set high or low No output if selected for a standard waveform seq sync Sequence sync a positive going pulse coincident with the end of a waveform sequence burst done A positive going pulse coincident with the end of the last cycle of a burst The default choice is w m end except when the channel is running a sequence in which case it becomes seq sync To set the trigger out to anything other than its default it is necessary to change the mode from auto to manual using the mode soft key Trigger out is an internal signal but as with the other trigger sources a positive edged version is available at the triggered channel s SYNC OUT with its default source of trigger selected Triggered Burst Triggered burst mode is turned on with the triggered soft key on the MODE screen The setup soft key on this screen accesses the TRIGGER GATE SETUP 7 3 291 292 294 Users Manual screen on which the burst count and start phase are set The other trigger parameters are set onthe TRIGGER IN set up screen called by pressing the TRIG IN key source int forced slope positive Qlevel 1 4 V period 1 00ms Trigger Source The trigger source can be selected with the source soft key on the TRIGGER IN set up screen tobe int ext man or an adjacent channel With int selected the internal trigger generator is
185. t cpd gt Ifthe waveform does not exist the return value will be 0 Clear all position markers from arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt Set the position marker at address lt nrf gt in arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt to 1 high Clear the position marker at address lt nrf gt in arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt to 0 low Put the pattern lt cpa2 gt into the arbitrary waveform lt cpdl1 gt from start address nrfl to stop address lt nrf2 gt The pattern may contain up to 16 entries of 1 or 0 no other characters are allowed Set the waveform parameter for sequence segment nrf to lt cpd gt cpd must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform Set the step on parameter for sequence segment nrf to COUNT TRGEDGE or lt TRGLEV gt Set count for sequence segment lt nrf1 gt to lt nrf2 gt Set the status of sequence segment lt nrf gt to lt ON gt or lt OFF gt 17 17 291 292 294 Users Manual 17 18 Mode Commands MODE lt cpd gt BSTCNT lt nrf gt PHASE lt nrf gt TONEEND lt nrf gt TONEFREQ lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt SWPSTARTFRQ lt nrf gt SWPSTOPFRQ lt nrf gt SWPCENTFRQ lt nrf gt SWPSPAN lt nrf gt SWPTIME lt nrf gt SWPTYPE lt cpd gt SWPDIRN lt cpd gt SWPSYNC lt cpd gt SWPSPACING lt cpd gt SWPMKR nrf Input Output Control OUTPUT cpd SYNCOUT lt cpd gt TRIGOUT cpd TRIGIN lt cpd gt TRIGLEV lt n
186. tax of the response is 1 lt rmt gt The response will be available immediately the command is executed because of the sequential nature of all operations Set the Parallel Poll Enable Register to the value lt nrf gt Returns the value in the Parallel Poll Enable Register in lt nr1 gt numeric format The syntax of the response is lt nrl gt lt rmt gt Set the Service Request Enable Register to lt nrf gt Returns the value of the Service Request Enable Register in lt nr1 gt numeric format The Syntax of the response is lt nr1 gt lt rmt gt Returns the value of the Status Byte Register in lt nr1 gt numeric format The syntax of the response is lt nrl gt lt rmt gt Wait for operation complete true As all commands are completely executed before the next is started this command takes no additional action The generator has no self test capability and the response is always O lt rmt gt Query and clear execution error number register The response formatis nrl lt rmt gt Query and clear query the error number register The response format is nrl lt rmt gt Miscellaneous Commands LRN LRN lt character data gt RST RCL lt cpd gt SAV lt cpd gt TRG COPYCHAN lt nrf gt HOLD lt cpd gt FILTER lt cpd gt SYSCLKFRQ lt nrf gt SYSCLKSRC lt cpd gt BEEPMODE lt cpd gt BEEP Remote Operation 1 D Remote commands Returns the complete set up of the instrument as
187. the UTILITY menu If any keys other than the numeric keys 0 to 9 are pressed while entering the password the message ILLEGAL PASSWORD will be shown The password is held in EEPROM and will not be lost when the memory battery back up is lost In the event of the password being forgotten contact the manufacturer for help in resetting the instrument Password Access to Calibration With the password set pressing calibration onthe UTILITY screen will now show ENTER PASSWORD When the correct password has been entered from the keyboard the display changes to the opening screen of the calibration routine and calibration can proceed as described below If an incorrect password is entered the message INCORRECT PASSWORD is shown for two seconds before the display reverts to the UTILITY menu Changing the Password With the opening screen of the calibration routine displayed after correctly entering the password the password can be changed by pressing the password soft key and following the procedure described above If the password is set back to the factory default value 0000 password protection is removed Calibration Routine The calibration procedure is entered by pressing continue on the opening calibration Screen pressing exit returns the display to the UTILITY menu Pressing tests calls a menu of basic hardware checks used at production test these are largely self explanatory but details can be found in the Service Man
188. the insert soft key If there is a size difference between the two sections of waveform then the software will expand or compress the source to fit the new waveform Compressing the waveform can cause some significant data to be lost To insert sections of the current waveform into itself see Block Copy Block Copy 9 8 Pressing block copy calls the BLOCK COPY screen BLOCK COPY WFM42 start 0000400 stop 0001000 copy dest 0000000 exit Block copy allows a section of the current waveform to be inserted within itself The block to be inserted is defined by the start and stop addresses Change the addresses by pressing the appropriate soft key and making entries from the keyboard or using the rotary control The destination address for the start of the section is set by pressing the dest soft key and entering the address Arbitrary Waveform Generation 9 Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms Press copy to implement the copy During the two stage block copy process the screen displays the message processing file please wait and shows a progress bar During the first stage the block to be copied is created as a temporary file with the same name as the main file but witha extension during the second stage the appropriate section of the original file is overwritten and the temporary file is deleted Note that if there are not enough waveform points between the destination address and end of waveform to accommodate
189. the instrument set up contained in store lt cpd gt Resets the instrument parameters to their default values Saves the complete instrument set up to the set up file named lt cpd gt Set the Service Request Enable Register to lt nrf gt Returns the value of the Service Request Enable Register in lt nr1 gt numeric format Returns the value of the Status Byte Register in nrl numeric format This command is the same as pressing the MAN TRIG key TST WAI ABORT AMDEPTH lt nrf gt AMPL nrf AMPUNIT lt cpd gt ARB lt cpd gt ARBAMPL lt cpd gt lt nrfl gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt ARBCOPY lt cpd gt lt nrfl1 gt lt nrf2 gt lt nrf3 gt ARBCREATE lt cpd gt lt nrf gt ARBDATA lt cpd gt lt bin data block ARBDATA lt cpd gt ARBDATACSV lt cpd gt lt csv ascii data gt ARBDATACSV lt cpd gt ARBDEF lt cpd gt lt nrf gt bin data block ARBDEFCSV lt cpd gt lt nrf gt lt CSV aScii data gt ARBDELETE lt cpd gt ARBEDLMTS lt nrf1 gt lt nrf2 gt ARBINSARB lt cpdl gt lt cpd2 gt lt nrfl nrf2 Remote Operation 1 D Remote Command Summary The generator has no self test capability and the response is always O lt rmt gt Wait for operation complete true executed before the next is started Aborts a phase locking operation Set the depth for amplitude modulation to nrf Set the amplitude to lt nrf gt in the uni
190. trary waveforms is limited by the waveform length since the maximum resolution is 1 clock thus waveforms with a length greater than 3600 points will have a resolution of 0 1 but below this number of points the maximum resolution becomes 360 divided by the number of points Square waves pulses pulse trains and sequences have no start phase adjustment phase is fixed at 0 A summary of start phase capabilities in triggered burst mode is shown in the table below Waveform Max waveform frequency Phase control range resolution Sine cosine haversine and havercosine 2 5 MHz 360 0 1 Square 2 5 MHz 0 only Triangle 500 kHz 360 0 1 Ramp 500 kHz 360 0 1 Sin x x 500 kHz 360 0 1 Pulse and pulse train 25 MHz 0 only Arbitrary 100 Msamples s clock 360 360 length or 0 1 Sequence 100 Msamples s clock 0 only Manual Initialization of Inter Channel Triggering If a multi channel instrument is set up such that all channels are triggered by an adjacent one it is possible to have a stable condition where all channels are waiting for a trigger and the sequence of triggered bursts never starts To overcome this problem any channel can be triggered manually and independently using the orce soft key on that channel s TRIGGER IN screen Select the channel to start the sequence with the appropriate SETUP key select the TRIGGER IN screen with the TRIG IN key and press the force soft key 7 5 291
191. ts as specified by the AMPUNIT command Set the amplitude units to lt VPP gt lt VRMS gt or lt DBM gt Select an arbitrary waveform for output Adjust the amplitude of arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt from start address lt nrf1 gt to stop address lt nrf2 gt by the factor lt nfr3 gt Block copy in arbitrary waveform lt cpd gt the data from start address lt nrf 1 gt to stop address nrf2 to destination address lt nrf3 gt Create a new blank arbitrary waveform with name lt cpd gt andlength nrf points Load data to an existing arbitrary waveform Returns the data from an existing arbitrary waveform Load data to an existing arbitrary waveform Returns the data from an existing arbitrary waveform Define a new or existing arbitrary waveform with name cpd andlength nrf and load with the datain bin data blocks Define a new or existing arbitrary waveform with name cpd andlength nrf and load with the datain csv ascii data Delete the arbitrary waveform cpd from memory card Set the limits for the arbitrary waveform editing functions to start at lt nrf1 gt and stop at lt nrf2 gt Insert the arbitrary waveform lt cpd2 gt into arbitrary waveform cpd1 Use that part of lt cpd2 gt specified by the ARBLIMITS command and insert from start address lt nr 1 gt to stop address lt nrf2 gt 17 23 291 292 294 Users Manual 17 24 ARBINSSTD lt cpdl gt
192. ts set as follows Off except seg 1 None selected Count 1 All unaffected by reset or RST Appendix E Waveform Manager Plus Waveform Manager Plus Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Management Software The Waveform Manager Plus program allows construction editing exchange translation and storage of many types of waveform data It is compatible with many popular DSOs and many waveform generation products Waveforms may be generated by equation entry freehand drawing combining existing waveforms or any combinations of these methods Data upload and download are possible via RS232 COMI to 4 USB or GPIB subject to a compatible GPIB card being correctly installed and configured in your PC Files can also be uploaded and downloaded to and from the memory card using the USB connected card reader writer supplied and the card then used directly with the instrument Both upload and download of waveform data are possible and where applicable data exchange via 3 5 in floppy disks in the Tektronix ISF format is available Text data may be read from the Windows clipboard and used to create a waveform The text data format is very free and will allow most lists of numbers with or without intervening text to be read as waveform data points Waveform data may also be pasted to the clipboard for insertion into other programs Waveforms are displayed in fully scaleable windows and may be manipulated graphically Any number of wavef
193. tween the limits the old data is retained from the point where the new data ends If more data is sent the surplus is discarded ARBDATA lt cpd gt Load data to an existing arbitrary waveform S dee cpd must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform The data consists of two bytes per point with no characters between bytes or points The point data is sent high byte first The data block has a header which consists of the character followed by several ascii coded numeric characters The first if these defines the number of ascii characters to follow and these following characters define the length of the binary data in bytes The data is entered into the arbitrary waveform between the points specified by the ARBEDLMTS command Ifless data is sent than the number of points between the limits the old data is retained from the point where the new data ends If more data is sent the surplus is discarded This command cannot be used over the RS232 interface since it contains a binary data block 17 15 291 292 294 Users Manual ARBDATACSV lt cpd gt Returns the data from an existing arbitrary waveform cpd must be the name of an existing arbitrary waveform The data consists of ascii coded values as specified for the ARBDATACSV command The data is sent from the arbitrary waveform between the points specified by the ARBEDLMTS command ARBDATA lt cpd gt Returns the data from an existing arbitrary wave
194. ual if required At each step the display changes to prompt the user to adjust the rotary control or cursor keys until the reading on the specified instrument is at the value given The cursor keys provide coarse adjustment and the rotary control fine adjustment Pressing next increments the procedure to the next step pressing CE decrements back to the previous step Alternatively pressing exit returns the display to the last calibration screen at which the user can choose to either save new values recall old values or calibrate again The first two displays CAL 00 and CAL 01 specify the connections and adjustment method The next display CAL 02 allows the starting channel to be chosen this allows quick access to any particular channel To calibrate the complete instrument choose the default setting of CH1 The subsequent displays CAL 03 to CAL 115 permit all adjustable parameters to be calibrated 16 3 291 292 294 Users Manual 16 4 The full procedure for the 4 channel instrument is as follows CAL 03 CAL 04 CAL 05 CAL 06 CAL 07 CAL 08 CAL 09 CAL 10 CAL 11 CAL 12 CAL 13 CAL 14 CAL 15 CAL 16 CAL 17 CAL 18 CAL 19 CAL 20 CAL 21 CAL 22 CAL 23 CAL 24 CAL 25 CAL 26 CAL 27 CAL 28 CAL 29 CAL 30 CAL 31 CAL 32 CAL 33 CAL 34 CAL 35 CAL 36 CAL 37 CAL 38 CAL 39 CAL 40 CAL 41 CAL 42 CAL 43 CAL 44 CAL 45 CAL 46 CAL 47 CAL 48 CAL 49 CAL 50 CAL 51 CAL 52 CAL 53 CAL 54 CAL 55 CH1 DC offset ze
195. uction CRITICAL STOP Illegal NMI CRITICAL STOP Heap overflow possible hardware failure flash write fault user error possible unexpected card change firmware error firmware error firmware error firmware error firmware error Appendix C SYNC OUT Automatic Settings Introduction The following automatic source src settings are made when auto mode is selected on the SYNC OUT screen Waveform Position Burst Sequence Sweep Phase Sync Marker Done Sync Trigger Trigger Lock Y ov 291 292 294 Users Manual Introduction Appendix D Factory System Defaults The factory system defaults are listed in full below They can be recalled by pressing RECALL followed by set defaults or by the remote command RST All channels will receive the same set up All channels default to the same settings Main Parameters Std wave Frequency Output DC offset Zout Gate Trigger Parameters Source Period Slope Burst count Phase Modulation Parameters Source Type Sum Sine 10 kHz 2 0 V p p output off OV HiZ Internal 1 ms Positive 1 0 deg Off VCA Off D 1 291 292 294 Users Manual Sweep Parameters Begin frequency End frequency Marker frequency Direction Spacing Sweep time Type Filter Sync out Sequence Status Wim Step on Count Arbitrary 100 kHz 40 MHz 10 MHz Up Log 10 ms Continuous Auto Auto all segmen
196. ull remote control facilities are available through the RS232 USB or GPIB interfaces RS232 IEEE 488 USB General Display Data entry Memory card Stored settings Size Weight Power Operating Range Storage Range Environmental Options Safety EMC Variable Baud rate 38 400 Baud maximum 9 pin D connector Conforms with IEEEA88 1 and IEEE488 2 1 1 20 character x 4 row alphanumeric LCD Keyboard selection of mode waveform etc value entry direct by numeric keys or by rotary control Removable memory card conforming to the Compact Flash memory card standard Sizes from 32 MB to 1 GB can be used Up to 500 complete instrument set ups may be stored and recalled from the memory card Up to 500 arbitrary waveforms can also be stored independently of the instrument settings 3U 130 mm high 212 mm 1 rack wide single channel 350 mm wide 2 and 4 channel 335 mm deep 4 1 kg 9 Ib single channel 7 2 kg 16 Ib 2 and 4 channel 220 240 V nominal 50 60Hz 110 120 V or 100 V nominal 50 60 400 Hz nominal voltage adjustable internally operating range 10 of nominal 60 VA max single channel 100 VA max 2 channel 150 VA max 4 channel Installation Category II 5 C to 40 C 20 to 80 RH 20 C to 60 C Indoor use at altitudes up to 2000 m Pollution Degree 2 19 inch rack mounting kit Complies with EN61010 1 CSA 22 2 No 61010 1 04 and UL
197. ulse and Pulse IfralliS recen sica ie chien enn kia e tei Ruin ere an C EI ARMAR MEE 10 1 IntroductiOn io ione eo eee ee Peto cite Lee ex te ete Coe ede eon alte 10 2 Puls Set U pisces verti ated AE er RE ate IE 10 2 Puls Irain Set B uti time e ette o E EHE ERE ie Rte 10 4 Waveform Hold in Pulse and Pulse Train Modes sess 10 8 let UE in acies apta vo nada IU cas xp I QE dm DE I D A IUE 11 1 isiesntes E c 11 2 External VA uet eee bem 11 2 External SCM 1 2 da 11 3 Internal Modulation 5 etos tee Pepe ee etie cete eH Lene en ete eH eene ete 11 3 Ee eege eer 12 1 Introduction io iet Deae A icon 12 2 External S M au nitet nn en enti Eee PHpe e sacl shsuadeaibesteeslcdages 12 2 A E EE HIT ORI dee ERR 12 3 ll LE EE 13 1 Introduction x re E i ae en ee ieee eden Ana 13 2 Inter Channel Synchronization eese nennen 13 2 Synchronizing Principles eee eeeeeeeeeneeeseeeeeeeecnsecsaeceaeesseeseeeeseeseeeseaee 13 2 Master Slave Allocation atensaun Era EECHER EES 13 2 Phase Setting Between Channel 13 4 Other Synchronizing Considerapons eene 13 4 Synchronizing two generatorg ee eeeceeceseceeeeeneeeeecscecaecsseceaecsseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeaes 13 5 Connections for Synchronization eese eene 13 6 Generator Set Ups ice Ged e en ne D ete e ns edd 13 6 yii rico nva DEP 13 7 Memory GaU nocet etnies di 14 1 Introduction itn et een Oe eig 14 2 Card Sizes and Forms n hee eee leet te E tete Pet eee gates 14 2
198. upt in a manner transparent to all other instrument operations The queue contains raw un parsed data which is taken by the parser as required Commands and queries are executed in order and the parser will not start a new command until any previous command or query is complete There is no output queue which means that the response formatter will wait indefinitely if necessary until the instrument is addressed to talk and the complete response message has been sent before the parser is allowed to start the next command in the input queue Commands are sentas lt PROGRAM MESSAGES gt by the controller each message consisting of zero or more PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT elements separated by PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT SEPARATOR gt elements A PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT is any of the commands in the remote commands list A PROGRAM MESSAGE UNIT SEPARATOR gt is the semi colon character 3BH PROGRAM MESSAGES are separated by PROGRAM MESSAGE TERMINATOR elements which may be any of the following NL The new line character OAH NL END The new line character with the END message END The END message with the last character of the message Responses from the instrument to the controller are sentas lt RESPONSE MESSAGES gt A RESPONSE MESSAGE gt consists of one RESPONSE MESSAGE UNIT gt elements followed by a RESPONSE MESSAGE TERMINATOR gt element A RESPONSE MESSAGE TERMINATOR is the new line character with the END me
199. ust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for 0 V x5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Check for 10 V 3 96 Adjust for minimum volts ac Adjust for 0 V x5 mV Adjust for 0 V x5 mV Adjust for 10 V 10 mV Adjust for 1 V 1 mV Adjust for 0 1 V 1 mV Adjust for 2 236 V ac 10 mV Adjust for 0 V x5 mV Adjust for 5 V 5 mV Adjust for 10 V x10 mV Note reading Check reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading Adjust for same reading CAL 56 CAL 57 CAL 58 CAL 59 CAL 60 CAL 61 CAL 62 CAL 63 CAL 64 CAL 65 CAL 66 CAL 67 CAL 68 CAL 69 CAL 70 CAL 71 CAL 72 CAL 73 CAL 74 CAL 75 CAL 76 CAL 77 CAL 78 CAL 79 CAL 80 CAL 81 CAL 82 CAL 83 CAL 84 CAL 85 CAL 86 CAL 87 CAL 88 CAL 89 CAL 90 CAL 91 CAL 92 CAL 93 CAL 94 CAL 95 CAL 96 CAL 97 CAL 98 CAL 99 CAL 100 CAL 101 CAL 102 CAL 103 CAL 104 CAL 105 CAL 106 CAL 107 CAL 108 CAL 109 CAL 110 CH2 Level 35 MHz CH2 Level 37 5 MHz CH2 Level 40 MHz CH3 DC offset zero CH3 DC offset at full scale CH3 DC offset at full scale CH3 Multiplier zero CH3 Multiplier offset CH3 Wav
200. ution Sample clock range resolution accuracy Sequence 1 M points per channel Minimum waveform size is 8 points 12 bits 100 mHz to 100 MHz 8 digits 10 ppm for 1 year Up to 1024 waveforms may be linked Each waveform can have a loop count of up to 32 768 A sequence of waveforms can be looped up to 1 048 575 times or run continuously Output Filter Selectable between 40 MHz elliptic 20 MHz Bessel or none Digital noise generated by a 35 bit linear feedback register clocked at 100 MHz User s external filter defines bandwidth and response 1 5 291 292 294 Users Manual 1 6 Operating modes Triggered Burst Gated Sweep Each active edge of the trigger signal will produce one burst of the waveform Carrier waveforms Maximum carrier frequency Number of cycles Trigger repetition rate Trigger signal source Trigger start stop phase All standard and arbitrary The smaller of 2 5 MHz or the maximum for the selected waveform 100 Msamples s for arb or sequence 1 to 1 048 575 0 005 Hz to 100 kHz internal dc to 1 MHz external Internal from keyboard or trigger generator External from TRIG IN or remote interface 360 settable with 0 1 resolution subject to waveform frequency and type Waveform runs while the gate signal is true and stops while false Carrier waveforms Maximum carrier frequency Trigger repetition rate Gate signal source Gate start stop
201. veform at its current position A TTL low level or switch closure causes the waveform to stop at the current position and wait until a TTL high level or switch opening which allows the waveform to continue The front panel MAN HOLD key or remote command may also be used to control the hold function The HOLD input may be enabled independently for each channel Input impedance Maximum input Ref Clock In Out Set to input Set to output Set to phase lock Maximum input Arb Clock In Out Set to input Set to output Frequency range Maximum input voltage Inter Channel Operation Inter Channel Modulation 10 kQ x10 V Input for an external 10 MHz reference clock TTL CMOS threshold level Buffered version of the internal 10 MHz clock Output levels nominally 1 V and 4 V from 50 Q Used together with SYNC OUT on a master and TRIG IN on a slave to synchronize phase lock two separate generators 5 V 1V Input for external arb clock TTL CMOS threshold level Outputs system clock logic levels lt 0 8 V and gt 3 V DC to 50 MHz 5 V 1V The waveform from any channel may be used to amplitude modulate AM or suppressed carrier modulate SCM the next channel Alternatively any number of channels may be modulated AM or SCM with the signal at the MODULATION input socket Carrier frequency Carrier waveforms Modulation types AM SCM Entire range for selected waveform All standard and a
202. w the fuse drawer below the socket pins Change the fuse and replace the drawer The use of makeshift fuses or short circuiting of the fuse holder is prohibited Mains Lead When a three core mains lead with bare ends is provided it should be connected as follows Brown Mains Live Blue Mains Neutral Green Yellow Mains Earth A A warning To avoid the possibility of electric shock This instrument must be earthed Any interruption of the mains earth conductor inside or outside the instrument will make the instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without a protective conductor A 2 Appendix B Warning and Error Messages Introduction Warning messages are given when a setting may not give the expected result e g dc offset attenuated by the output attenuator when a small amplitude is set the setting is however implemented Error messages are given when an illegal setting is attempted the previous setting is retained The last two warning or error messages can be reviewed by selecting LAST ERROR from the UTILITY screen The latest is reported first Warning and error messages are reported with a number on the display only the number is reported via the remote control interfaces The following is a complete list of messages as they appear on the display Warning Messages 00 No errors or warnings have been reported 13 DC o
203. waveform which includes data values of 2048 and 2047 will produce a maximum output which is 100 of the programmed peak to peak amplitude if the maximum range of the data values is only 1024 to 1023 for example the maximum output will only be 5046 of the programmed level Principles of Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Modification 9 2 Creating arb waveforms with the instrument alone consists of two main steps 1 Creating a new blank waveform or a copy of an existing one and giving it a size and a name 2 Modifying that waveform using the various editing capabilities to get exactly the waveform required Arbitrary Waveform Generation 9 Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms These steps are fully described in the Creating New Waveforms and Modifying Arbitrary Waveforms sections which follow Waveform creation using waveform design software also consists of two steps 1 Creating the waveform using the software on a PC 2 Downloading the waveform directly to the memory card using the USB connected card reader writer and inserting the card into the instrument Alternatively the waveform can be downloaded to the generator via the RS232 GPIB or USB interfaces This process is described in chapter 14 and Appendix E Modification of an arb waveform that is currently running on the instrument is subject to certain constraints these are mentioned in the appropriate individual sections and warning or error messages will
204. ween successive frequencies whilst the gate signal is not true With type setto fsk the frequency changes instantaneously and phase continuously at each occurrence of the signal edge specified in the source and slope fields onthe TRIGGER IN screen without completing the current waveform cycle this is true FSK frequency shift keying tone switching The maximum recommended tone frequencies and trigger gate switching frequencies for the three modes are as follows gate Maximum tone frequency 50 kHz maximum switching frequency less than lowest tone frequency trig Maximum tone frequency 50 kHz maximum switching frequency 1 MHz fsk Maximum tone frequency 1 MHz maximum switching frequency 1 MHz The drawings below demonstrate the differences between trigger gate and FSK tone switching for a list of 2 frequencies switched by a square wave positive slope specified onthe TRIGGER IN set up GATE TRIG TRIGGER WAVEFORM Figure 8 1 Tone Waveform Types shc0007f emf Tone Switching Source The signal which controls the frequency switching is that set by the source soft key on the TRIGGER IN set up screen The slope field on the same screen sets the active polarity of that signal when setto positive the rising edge of the trigger signal is active or the high level of the gating signal is true and the opposite for a negative setting The signal selections on the source soft key are the internal trigger generator an e
205. will then enable all instruments connected to the addressable RS232 bus to respond to all interface control codes To 17 4 Remote Operation 1 D HS232 interface return to non addressable mode the Lock Non Addressable mode control code must be sent which will disable addressable mode until the instruments are powered off Before an instrument is sent a command it must be addressed to listen by sending the Listen Address control code 12H followed by a single character which has the lower 5 bits corresponding to the unique address of the required instrument e g the codes A Z or a z give the addresses 1 26 inclusive while is address 0 and so on Once addressed to listen the instrument will read and act upon any commands sent until the listen mode is cancelled Because of the asynchronous nature of the interface it is necessary for the controller to be informed that an instrument has accepted the listen address sequence and is ready to receive commands The controller will therefore wait for Acknowledge code 06H before sending any commands The addressed instrument will provide this Acknowledge code The controller should time out and try again if no Acknowledge code is received within 5 seconds Listen mode will be cancelled by any of the following interface control codes being received 12H Listen Address followed by an address not belonging to this instrument 14H Talk Address for any instrument 03H Universal unaddress control cod
206. xternal trigger input the front panel MAN TRIG key a remote command or in the case of multi channel instruments the trigger out from an adjacent channel A full explanation for each of these can be found in chapter 7 Triggered Burst and Gate DTMF Testing With Two Sources An important use of tone mode is DTMF Dual Tone Multiple Frequency testing in which two channels are set up with equal length lists of different frequencies triggered from a common signal The outputs are summed together using the internal sum facility see chapter 12 Sum DTMF testing generally uses sine waves in the frequency range 600 Hz to 1 6 kHz 8 3 291 292 294 Users Manual It is also possible to set up DTMF testing using two single channel instruments triggered by a common external signal and summed using the external SUM capability Chapter 9 Arbitrary Waveform Generation Title Page Introduction ish detec whee gene eee pa 9 2 Arbitrary Waveform Terms eene tete pee tren nen nts nce 9 2 Principles of Arbitrary Waveform Creation and Modification 9 2 Selecting and Outputting Arbitrary Waveforms eee 9 3 Creating New Waveforms eese nennen nennen nennen nenne 9 4 Create Blank Wavefotrm eene ee med ete e 9 4 Create Waveform Comp 9 4 Modifying Arbitrary W veforms eese eene 9 5 Resize Waveform i e tede tee e EES 9 5 Rename Waveform E ete tere pee aE ores 9 6 Wavetorm Inte x Cue US e e e el ness 9 6 Del
207. y be used at frequencies up to 50 MHz Extensive waveform editing features between defined start and end points are incorporated including waveform insert point edit line draw amplitude adjust and invert More comprehensive features are available using the arbitrary waveform creation software supplied This is a powerful Windows based design tool that enables the user to create waveforms from mathematical expressions from combinations of other waveforms freehand or using a combination of all three techniques Waveforms created in this way can be downloaded via the RS232 GPIB or USB interfaces or they can be transferred to the generator on a removable memory card written to by the PC using the USB connected card reader writer provided Up to 500 different waveforms may be stored with the length and name specified by the user the total size of all the waveforms stored is limited only by the size of the memory card Waveforms may be linked together to form a sequence of up to 1024 steps Each waveform may have a user defined repeat count from 1 to 32 768 Introduction and Specifications 1 Introduction All waveforms can be swept over their full frequency range at a rate variable between 1 millisecond and 15 minutes Sweep can be linear or logarithmic single or continuous Single sweeps can be triggered from the front panel the trigger input or the digital interfaces A sweep marker is provided Amplitude modulation is available for all
208. y will toggle the mode between its two possible settings of auto and manual Similarly when type is selected repeated presses of the type soft key or cursor keys or use of the rotary control will step the selection through all possible settings of the filter type In addition to their use in editing items identified by a double headed arrow as described above the cursor keys and the rotary control operate in two other modes In screens with lists of items that can be selected i e items marked with a diamond the cursor keys and rotary control are used to scroll all items through the display if the list has more than three items look for example at the STD standard waveform and UTILITY screens In screens where a parameter with a numeric value is displayed the cursor keys move the edit cursor a flashing underline through the numeric field and the rotary control will increment or decrement the value the step size is determined by the position of the edit cursor within the numeric field Initial Operation 4 Principles of Operation Thus for STANDARD FREQUENCY setto 1 000000000 MHz rotating the control will change the frequency in 1 kHz steps The display will autorange up or down as the frequency is changed provided that autoranging permits the increment size to be maintained this will in turn determine the lowest or highest setting that can be achieved by turning the control In the example above the lowest frequency that can be set

Fluke Calibration 290 Series Waveform Generator

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