Smart Noise Sources - Agilent Technologies
Contents
1. 21 Performance Tests ken kw n kan kn a nan kon n nh 24 Adjustments ook e e Ra E Y kon A Ka en 24 Replaceable Parts nes 25 vii Contents Replaceable Parts List ren en len en en ven ene n ka kann 25 Replaceable Parts LiS erer ere ee 25 CHaSSIS PANES iu ete many E alee dia ar EE 26 DOCUMENtAtiON is s eead ll L kn ll l n ka ka kk n kn kk an an ka ka aa 26 SerVlce aa ng ka e w enp ee PA n te eee Rae a an 29 Principles of Operation erer erer ven eres 29 Troubleshooting Ill lele vv a ka ka nan kn E A an an kaa kn aa 30 Repair of Defective Noise Source 0 0a 30 Disassembly Procedure erer ee nen essel 30 Reassembly Procedure erer ee erer ees 31 Returning a Noise Source for Calibration 31 Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices 32 2 ENR File Format Format Details ri NALANG E EUER E ed dde 34 E RADYE esis rcr PG Man Ae dene NG Nec DAT Shut a NT 34 Comment Records lee s 34 Header Fields ct ro rt as en eei dS 35 ENR Data ies amie CAMERA 37 Viewing the Smart Noise Source ENR Data 39 Examples s ene kane ei eels KALONG KENA e NDI PK ue 40 A Caring for Connectors Introduction a ee e TENG NAG ada AA 44 Connector Part Numbers sssusa aasa 44 Handling and Storage ee eee erer eee 44 Visual Inspection pd saad Se zan e DAR eet2. N4002A 10 MHz 26 5 GHZ N4000A 4 5 6 5 dB N4001A 14 16 dB N4002A 12 17 dB 50 ohm nominal 0 2C to 55 C 1 Watt 1 ENR values are given at cardinal frequency points over the frequency range of each noise source These values are stored within the noise source s internal EEPROM and documented on the calibration report Chapter 1 Maximum Standing Wave Ratio SWR and Reflection Coefficient p Source ON OFF States General Information Introduction Specifications Table 1 1 Continued Instrument model Frequency Range Maximum Reflection GHz Standing Wave Coefficient Ratio SWR Rho P N4000A 0 01 1 5 1 06 1 0 03 1 5 3 0 1 06 1 0 03 3 0 7 0 1 13 1 0 06 7 0 18 0 lt 1 22 1 0 10 N4001A 0 01 1 5 lt 1 15 1 0 07 1 5 3 0 lt 1 15 1 0 07 3 0 7 0 1 20 1 0 09 7 0 18 0 1 25 1 0 11 N4002A 0 01 1 5 lt 1 22 1 0 10 1 5 3 0 lt 1 22 1 0 10 3 0 7 0 lt 1 22 1 0 10 7 0 18 0 lt 1 25 1 0 11 18 0 26 5 lt 1 35 1 0 15 1 Maximum change in complex reflection coefficient between source ON and source OFF at all frequencies for N4000A only 0 01 Chapter 1 Figure 1 2 Connectors Dimensions Net Weight General Information Introduction Specifications Table 1 1 Continued Characteristic SWR at 23 C 0 01 3 00 7 00 11 00 15 00 19 00 23 00 26 50 Frequency GHz OOO A N40
3. WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT TORT OR ANY OTHER LEGAL THEORY Safety Notices This guide uses warnings and cautions to denote hazards WARNING CAUTION NOTE Table 1 Warning denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in injury or loss of life Do not proceed beyond a warning note until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Caution denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of the instrument Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met Note calls out special information for the user s attention It provides operational information or additional instructions of which the user should be aware Safety Symbols The following symbols on the instrument and in the manual indicate precautions which must be taken to maintain safe operation of the instrument Safety Symbols The Instruction Documentation Symbol The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the supplied documentation This symbol indicates that a device or part of a device may be susceptible to electrostatic discharges ESD which can result in damage to the product Observe ESD precautions given on the product or its user documentation when handli
4. connectors In most applications two adapters will be required one each at theinput and the output of the device Male female adapters cause no change in the sex of the interface The same interface is presented when the adapter is in place as is presented in the original setup Same sex adapters male male female female change the sex of the interface For example if the original interface presents a male connector attaching a female female adapter will result in a female interface to which devices or cables that have male SMA or male precision 3 5mm connectors can be connected Adapters are included in many Agilent calibration kits and with many Agilent devices or they may be ordered separately Appendix A 65 Caring for Connectors Adapters Table A 3 Adapters Type Description Precision 7mm and Type N Precision 7mm male 3 5mm Precision 7mm female 3 5 mm Precision 7mm male 5022 Type N Precision 7mm female 5022 Type N Precision 3 5mm and SMA Male 3 5mm female 3 5mm Male 3 5mm female 3 5 mm Female 3 5mm female 3 5mm Precision 7mm male 3 5mm Precision 7mm female 3 5mm Connector saver male 3 5mm female 3 5 mm Connector saver male 3 5mm male 3 5mm 66 Appendix A Caring for Connectors Principles of Microwave Connector Care Principles of Microwave Connector Care Table A 4 Principles of Microwave Connector Care Handling and Storage DO DO NOT e Keep co
5. 4 Step 5 Figure 1 8 Step 6 General Information Operation Operator s Check for T coia Communication The following procedure checks that the SNS can transfer the T yg data tothe NFA Remove any cables from the NFA input and SNS drive Press the Preset key Wait until the preset routine is complete before proceedi ng The preset condition used is the NFA default of Preset Factory Press the ENR key Press the Tcold menu key Connect the SNS to the NFA Port using the multi pin 11730 cable as shown in Figure 1 8 Operator s Check Test Setup for T coia Communication bt e Press the SNS Tcold menu key and set it to SNS Tcold Off 18 Chapter 1 General Information Operation Step 7 Press the User Tcold menu key and set it to User Tcold On NOTE Thevalue displayed in the User Value menu key typically 296 50 K Figure 1 9 shows a typical NFA menu map Figure 1 9 Typical User Value Tcold SNS Tcold f On User Tcold Off On User Value 296 59 K User Tcold From SNS Jala Step 8 Press the User Tcold From SNS menu key In the User Value menu key the new ambient temperature valueis displayed Figure 1 10 shows a typical NFA menu map Figure 1 10 Typical User Value after Uploading SNS Value Tcold i SNS Tcold f On E E User Tcold Off On User Value 400 90 K User Tcold From SNS aa Chapier 1 19 General Information Operation Step 9 If this value h
6. Recommended connector gages Connector gage kits containing all of the items required are included in many Agilent calibration kits They are also available separately Part numbers are as follows Type Part Number Ordering Information Precision 7mm 85050 80012 APC 7 Precision 3 5mm 11752D Precision 2 4mm 11752bE Type N 85054 60047 Appendix A 53 Caring for Connectors Mechanical Specifications Mechanical Specifications The critical dimension to be measured regardless of connector type is the position generally the recession or setback of the center conductor relative to the outer conductor mating plane Mechanical specifications for connectors specify a maximum distance and a minimum distance that the center conductor can be positioned behind or in female Type N connectors in front of the outer conductor mating plane Nominal specifications for each connector type exist but the allowable tolerances and sometimes the di mensions themselves differ from manufacturer to manufacturer and from device to device Therefore before gaging any connector consult the mechanical specifications provided with the connector or the device itself Precision 7mm Connectors In precision 7mm connectors contact between the center conductors is made by spring loaded contacts called collets These protrude slightly in front of the outer conductor mating plane when the connectors are apart When the connec
7. This can be used to perform an operational verification check 14 Chapter 1 Step 1 Step 2 NOTE Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Figure 1 5 General Information Operation Operator s Check for Data Communication The following procedure checks that the SNS can transfer the ENR data tothe NFA Remove any cables from the NFA input and SNS drive Press the Preset key Wait until the preset routine is complete before proceedi ng The preset condition used is the NFA default of Preset Factory Press the ENR key Press the SNS Setup menu key Press the Preference menu key and set it to Preference SNS Press the Auto Load ENR menu key and set it to Auto Load ENR Off Connect the SNS to the NFA Port using the multi pin 11730 cable as shown in Figure 1 5 Operator s Check Test Setup for Data Communication 1 ke Ls rar fe by S Z zen x ey Chapter 1 15 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 Step 11 Step 12 Figure 1 6 General Information Operation Press the ENR key Press the ENR Mode menu key and set it to ENR Mode Table Press the Common Table menu key and set it to Common Table On Press the ENR Table menu key Press the Edit Table menu key and press the Clear Table menu key if there is data in the ENR Table You are prompted to press this key again This feature ensures you do not accidently dear a valid F requency list table Press the Clear Table menu key again Figur
8. do not s detailed previously Avoid holding the wrench tightly in such a way that the handle is not pivoted but simply pushed downward the same amount throughout its length If this is done an unlimited amount of torque can be applied e Hold the wrench at the same point near the end of the handle every time and always in the same orientation Whenever possible begin tightening the connection with the wrench held horizontally Disconnection Disconnect connectors by first loosening the connector nut that was tightened in order to make the connection If necessary use the torque wrench or an open end wrench to start the process but leave the connection finger tight At all times support the devices and the connection to avoid putting lateral bending force on the connectors Complete the disconnection by disconnecting the connector nut completely Appendix A 63 Caring for Connectors Making Connections NOTE Never disconnect connectors by twisting one connector or device out of the other as one might remove a screw or a light bulb This is extremely harmful and connector damage can occur whenever the device body rather than the nut aloneis being turned If the connection is between sexed connectors pull the connectors straight apart and be especially careful not to twist the body of any device as you do so Twisting the connection can damage the connector by damaging the center conductors or the interior component parts
9. reassembling or using it Blow the connector dry with a gentle stream of clean compressed air and inspect it again under a magnifying glass to be sure that no particles or alcohol residues remain 52 Appendix A Caring for Connectors Mechanical Inspection Connector Gages Mechanical Inspection Connector Gages Even a perfectly clean unused connector can cause problems if it is mechanically out of specification Since the critical tolerances in microwave connectors are on the order of a few ten thousandths of an inch using a connector gage is essential Before using any connector for the first time inspect it mechanically using a connector gage How often connectors should be gaged after that depends upon usage In general connectors should be gaged whenever visual inspection or electrical performance suggests that the connector interface may be out of specification for example due to wear or damage Connectors on calibration and verification devices should also be gaged whenever they have been used by someone else or on another system or piece of equipment Precision 3 5mm and SMA connectors should be gaged relatively more often than other connectors owing tothe ease with which the center pins can be pulled out of specification during disconnection Connectors should also be gaged as a matter of routine after every 100 connections and disconnections initially more or less often after that as experience suggests Table A 1
10. to interpret lines which are not comments or header fields as ENR data ENR data has the general form Freq Funit ENR Eunit Euncert on mag on phase off mag off phase on mag uncert on phase uncert Off mag uncert off phase uncert Square brackets signify optional fields Each field is separated by whitespace A single is allowed within or instead of the whitespace With the exception of the two optional value fields the other fields are numeric Numbers are formatted as an optional sign followed by a sequence of one or more digits which can include a single decimal point within the sequence followed by an optional exponent The exponent consists of the e or E followed by an optional sign followed by between one and three digits for example 10e6 to represent 10 MHz Chapter 2 37 Frequency fields ENR fields Reflection coefficient data NOTE ENR File Format Format Details The frequency field Freq is the frequency at which the ENR amplitude was measured The frequency unit field Funit is optional The default unit is Hz Valid units are Hz kHz MHz GHz THz Units are not case sensitive The ENR amplitude ENR is the measured ENR at the specified frequengy The ENR unit field Eunit is optional The default unit is dB Currently the only allowed unit is dB Note that units K C F temperature are reserved for possible future use but are not supported by the NFA
11. when connected to any system where a dc voltage is present on the output center conductor Noise figure measurements of devices such as amplifiers mixers transistors and receivers can be made using the Smart Noise Sources with a Noise Figure Analyzers Figure 1 4 shows a simple test setup for a noise figure measurement NEL Chapter 1 13 NOTE NOTE General Information Operation Operating Environment The operating environment of the noise sources must be within the following limitations Temperature O C to 455 C Humidity lt 95 relative Altitude 4600 metres 15 000 feet Operator s Maintenance Proper connector care is a vital part of the maintenance which should be performed by the user The life of the connector can be greatly extended by following the general connector care practices outlined in Appendix A Caring for Connectors on page 43 Operator s Check The operator s checks in this section should be performed if failure of the noise source is suspected The checks can be used only to verify that the noise sources are producing a broadband noise spectrum They can not be used to check the units against specifications The operator s checks are designed to find a fault in the SNS However the fault could equally be with the cable and this should also be checked All of the operator s checks are performed using a Noise Figure Analyzer with firmware version A 01 01 and above
12. 0 6 0080 9 2 0 0090 1 2 000000000 14 795 0 173 0 0130 18 1 0 0130 18 1 0013 116 0 0 0063 10 0 000000000 14 818 0 179 0 0359 4169 5 0 0359 1169 5 0024 9 3 0 0035 0 3 000000000 14 846 0 181 0 0556 163 7 0 0556 63 7 0041 110 3 0 0067 4 3 000000000 14 895 0 180 0 0430 37 0 0 0430 27 0 0079 2 3 0 0049 2 3 41 ENR File Format Examples 8000000000 15 016 0 198 0 0232 160 3 0 0232 160 3 0 0091 3 8 0 0053 1 8 9000000000 15 134 0 201 0 0122 71 4 0 0122 471 4 0 0037 417 3 0 0057 47 3 10000000000 15 253 0 194 0 0080 4116 2 0 0080 116 2 0 0048 1 4 0 0056 5 4 11000000000 15 249 0 243 0 0241 465 7 0 0241 65 7 0 0059 41 5 0 0049 44 5 12000000000 15 349 0 240 0 0196 48 8 0 0196 48 8 0 0057 T3 25 050077 72 2 13000000000 15 383 0 188 0 0217 5 4 0 0217 5 4 0 0062 6 9 0 0045 1 9 14000000000 15 355 0 178 0 0228 66 6 0 0228 66 6 0 0075 411 2 0 0065 1 2 15000000000 15 367 0 187 0 0141 4141 6 0 0141 4141 6 0 0036 3 2 0 0029 1 2 16000000000 15 421 0 182 0 0251 46 4 0 0251 46 4 0 0030 7 2 0 0042 1 2 17000000000 15 418 0 174 0 0242 100 5 0 0242 100 5 0 0048 2 7 0 0050 49 7 18000000000 15 464 0 179 0 0183 4124 4 0 0183 124 4 0 0098 1 1 0 0100 9 1 NOTE The values shown in Example 2 are representative of their position in
13. 00346 60155 00346 60027 N4002 60001 1 Only replace these parts if you have calibration facilities to verify the SNS Chapter 1 25 General Information Replaceable Parts Table 1 6 Chassis Parts Model Agilent Part Number Reference Description Designator N4000A N4001A N4002A E9321 20002 MP1 MP2 Machined Casting N4000A N4001A N4002A E9321 00001 MP3 MP4 Shield N4000A N4001A N4002A E9321 40001 MP3 MP6 Plastic Shell N4000A N4001A N4002A 0460 1919 MP7 MP8 Copper Roll Shielding Tape N4000A N4001A N4002A N4000 80002 MP9 Label Caution N4000A N4001A N4002A N4000 80003 MP10 MPI1 Label SNS Series N4000A N4000 80001 MP12 Label N4000A N4001A N4001 80001 MP12 Label N4001A N4002A N4002 80001 MP12 Label N4002A N4000A N4001A N4002A 00346 80011 MP13 Label Caution Table 1 7 Documentation Model Agilent Part Number Description N4000A N4001A N4002A N4000 90001 Operating and Service Manual 26 Chapter 1 General Information Replaceable Parts Figure 1 15 Illustrated Parts Break Down Chapter 1 27 General Information Replaceable Parts Smart Noise Source Block Diagram Figure 1 16 CH JopeuwoJ nding INOHd33 Addng lamog Josues e elejl dwa ejbig sng amp llM z aopauuop unang seig apoIQ asion sjepoul eulos Jeueau eBeJoA Jojenuany Jo
14. 01 A N40024 SNS Output APC 3 5 male standard or Type N male Option 001 SNS Input Interconnect with 11730A B C cable to use with NFA 1 Type N connector option 001 only available on the N4000A and N4001A models 112 x 38 x 30 mm 4 4 x 1 5 x 1 2 in 0 160 kg 5 64 oz 1 Characteristic values are met or bettered by 90 of instruments with 90 confidence 2 For correct connector usage refer Table A 2 for the torque settings Chapter 1 5 Figure 1 3 General Information Introduction Excess Noise Ratio Expanded Uncertainty U Y Table 1 2 ENR values are given at cardinal frequency points over the frequency range of each noise source These values are stored within the noise sources internal EEPROM and documented on the calibration report Theuncertainty analysis for the calibration of the noise sources is in accordance with the ISO TAG4 Guide The uncertainty data reported on the calibration report is the expanded uncertainty U Y with 95 confidence level and a coverage factor of 2 This uncertainty analysis is valid for APC 3 5mm and Type N option 001 connector types A significant proportion of the expanded uncertainty U Y is based on the uncertainties provided by the National Standards Institutes Agilent therefore reserve the right to change the overall expanded uncertainties based on changes in uncertainty values within the National Standards Institutes Uncertainties are va
15. 70 9000000000 14 9580 10000000000 15 0600 11000000000 15 0830 12000000000 15 1950 13000000000 15 2710 14000000000 15 3430 15000000000 15 4800 16000000000 15 6750 17000000000 15 8400 18000000000 15 8940 40 Chapter 2 Example 2 Chapter 2 Co p ow ow ou OD N DE Dm O JI ENR File Format Examples The second example is an SNS ENR file saved to a diskette ENR Data File Created by N8975A NFA Series Noise Figure Analyzer Serial Number GB40390000 Firmware Revision A 01 01 13 37 07 Mar 28 2001 Format is Frequency Hz ENR dB ENR Unc dB On Refl Mag lin On Refl Phase deg Off Refl Mag lin Off Refl Phase deg On Refl Mag Unc lin On Refl Phase Unc deg Off Refl Mag Unc lin Off Refl Phase Unc deg Filetype ENR Version 1 1 Serialnumber US41240152 Model N4001A Option 001 Caldate 20000727 Calduedate 20010727 Placeofcal EPSG0 Trackingnum 10 Temperature 296 5K Humidity 65 Current 36272 0000000 15 281 0 193 0 0450 136 0 0 0450 136 0 0 0030 0 0 0070 6 0 00000000 15 291 0 190 0 0358 1168 0 0 0358 4168 0 0040 4 6 0 0050 4 6 000000000 15 118 0 151 0 0398 439 6 0 0398 139 6 0100 144 5 0 0067 1 5 000000000 14 999 0 168 0 0377 0 168 0 0377 85 7 0056 40 9 0 0086 1 9 000000000 14 879 0 172 0 0267 150 6 0 0267 15
16. NR values of 15 dB Thestandard output connector is a Precision 3 5mm A Type N connector is optional Chapter 1 29 NOTE NOTE CAUTION General Information Service Troubleshooting Check the connectors and perform the Operator Check described in the Operation section of this manual If the Operator Check results indicate a problem or if the connectors are damaged please contact Agilent Technologies Our representatives can help isolate the problem and make arrangements for repairs if necessary Repair of Defective Noise Source Repair by the user is not recommended because of the complex equipment required for test and calibration However a number of replacement parts are available for customers with repair and calibration capabilities See Replaceable Parts List on page 25 and Chassis Parts on page 26 This manual does not ind ude specific repair procedures covering the replacement of parts listed in Table 1 5 Disassembly Procedure If the Agilent Smart Noise Source is opened and parts are replaced it requires re calibration Disassemble the noise source only in a static free work area Electrostatic discharge can damage the noise source 30 Chapter 1 Figure 1 17 Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 General Information Service Removing the Smart Noise Source Plastic Shell Disassemble the Smart Noise Source by performing the following steps At the rear of the n
17. ONS teed ewe NANG 45 Obvious Defects and Damage eee eee 45 Mating Plane Surfaces rl n en en eee 45 Precision 7 mm Connectors ll r erer ee 46 viii Contents Sexed Connectors vl ll ll kn l vl n n kn kn kn n kn ka ka man ma ma man 47 Cleaning ids A EE 49 Compr55e AI Pi aan Mwa rr PERS ea baer a Ata eee UE 49 Cleaning Alcohol ll el en kn kn keu ea ka ka kaka a ka ka ka knn 49 Precision 7 mm COnnett0lS ll ler n erer ene noon onon non 50 Cleaning Interior Surfaces erer eee 51 Drying Connectors L Lel el kn kn kn n en kn n 52 Mechanical Inspection Connector Gages 53 Mechanical SpecifiCatiONS s ee ee eee erer er eonon 54 Precision 7mm Connectors l LI er tr ren er en n no no ene rese 54 Sexed Connectors kw eta fe ERE ea ede ee epee ee ak aa 55 50 Ohm Type N Connectors oococccccccc 55 75 Ohm Type N Connectors 00000 eee 56 Using Connector GagES tees 57 Inspecting and Cleaning the Gage eoeonon 57 Zeroing the Gage eee en en nes 57 Measuring Connectors erer ee rene ren venn nannan onon 59 Making Connections sasssa kn kn kn n an en eh 60 Align Connectors Carefully ooo eee eee 60 To Makea Preliminary Connection llle 61 Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench aa 62 Disconnection siss eee hh A lp Dama edad eli
18. Smart Noise Sources SNS Series Operating and Service Guide N4000A N4001A and N4002A medya Agilent Technologies Manufacturing Part Number N4000 90001 March 2001 OCopyright 2001 Agjilent Technologies Notice Information contained in this document is subject to change without notice Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material induding but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishings performance or use of this material No part of this document may be photocopi ed reproduced or translated to another language without the prior written consent of Agilent Technologies Certification Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology tothe extent allowed by the Institute s calibration facility and tothe calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members Warranty This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment During the warranty perio
19. URL http www agi lent com fi nd nf Declaration of Conformity DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY According to ISO IEC Guide 22 and CEN CENELEC EN 45014 Manufacturer s Name Agilent Technologies Inc Manufacturer s Address 1400 Fountaingrove Parkway Santa Rosa CA 95403 1799 USA Declares that the products Product Name Noise Source Model Number N4000A N4001A N4002A Product Options This declaration covers all options of the above products Conform to the following product specifications EMC IEC 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 EN 61326 1 1997 A1 1998 Standard Limit CISPR 11 1990 EN 55011 1991 Group 1 Class A IEC 61000 4 2 1995 A1998 EN 61000 4 2 1995 4 kV CD 8 kV AD IEC 61000 4 3 1995 EN 61000 4 3 1995 3 Vim 80 1000 MHz IEC 61000 4 4 1995 EN 61000 4 4 1995 0 5 kV sig 1 kV power IEC 61000 4 5 1995 EN 61000 4 5 1996 0 5 kV L L 1 kV L G IEC 61000 4 6 1996 EN 61000 4 6 1998 3 V 0 15 80 MHz IEC 61000 4 11 1994 EN 61000 4 11 1998 1 cycle 10096 Safety IEC 61010 1 1990 A1 1992 A2 1995 EN 61010 1 1993 A2 1995 CAN CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 92 Supplementary Information The products herewith comply with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive T3 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC and carry the CE marking accordingly d lat Greg Pfeiffer Quality Engineering Manager Santa Rosa CA USA 22 Feb 2001 For further information please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office agent or
20. ace Whitespace following the is ignored Thefile must start with one or more header fields ignoring comments and blank lines All header fields must appear at the beginning of the file before the ENR data records Mixing header fields and ENR data is not permitted Certain header fields must be present These are Table 2 1 Mandatory header fields FieldName Description OptionalValue Description Example Filetype Indicates the type of ENR Only ENR is Filetype ENR file allowed for ENR data files Version Indicates the version versionnumber Allows for future Version 1 0 of the file format formatted as changes in the file which applies to this major minor format file NOTE All mandatory fields must appear in the file before any optional header Optional header fields fields Thefollowing header fields are also allowed Chapter 2 35 ENR File Format Format Details NOTE Only the first two fi dds Serialnumber and Model are currently used by the Noise F igure Analyzer Table 2 2 Optional header fields FieldName Description Optional Description Example Value Serialnumber The serial number serialtext a string Serialnumber 3318A 14223 of the noise source containing the serial number Model Identifies the noise modelcode model code string Model 346B source model number Option Identifies any optioncode opt
21. all the more soif one of the connectors is fixed as on a test port In other situations an open end wrench can be used to keep the bodies of the connectors from turning Hold the torque wrench lightly by the knurled end of the handle only Apply force at the end of the torque wrench only perpendicular to the wrench and always in a plane parallel to the outer conductor mating planes This will result in torque being applied to the connection through the wrench until the break point of the wrench is reached Avoid pivoting the wrench handle on the thumb or other fingers This results in an unknown amount of torque being applied to the connection when the break point of the wrench is reached Avoid twisting the head of the wrench relative to the outer conductor mating plane This results in applying more than the recommended torque 62 Appendix A Table A 2 Caring for Connectors Making Connections Recommended Torque Settings Type Description Precision 12 Ib in 136 N cm 7mm Precision 8 Ib in 90 N cm 3 5mm SMA 5 Ib in 56 N cm Use the SMA wrench to connect male SMA connectors to female precision 3 5min connectors Connections of male precision 3 5mm connectors to female SMA connectors can be made with the precision 3 5mm torque wrench 8 Ib in Type N Type N connectors may be connected finger tight If a torque wrench is used 12 Ib in 136 N cm is recommended To reiterate the main do s and
22. and be free of burrs loose metal particles and rough spots Immediately discard or mark for identification and send away for repair any connector that has obvious defects like these Mating Plane Surfaces Flat contact between the connectors at all points on their mating plane surfaces is required for a good connection Therefore particular attention should be paid to deep scratches or dents and to dirt and metal or metal by product partides on the connector mating plane surfaces Also look for bent or rounded edges on the mating plane surfaces of the center and outer conductors and for any signs of damage dueto excessive or uneven wear or misalignment Appendix A 45 Caring for Connectors Visual Inspection Light burnishing of the mating plane surfaces is normal and is evident as light scratches or shallow circular marks distributed more or less uniformly over the mating plane surface Other small defects and cosmetic imperfections are also normal None of these affect electrical or mechanical performance If a connector shows deep scratches or dents partides dingingtothe mating plane surfaces or uneven wear dean it and inspect it again Damage or defects like dents or scratches which are deep enough to displace metal on the mating plane surface of the connector may indicate that the connector itself is damaged and should not be used Try to determine the cause of the damage before making further connections Precision 7 m
23. as not changed warm the SNS by wrapping your hand around its bulkhead as shown in Figure 1 11 for 20 seconds This gives the SNS thermometer time to change its ambient value Then press the User Tcold From SNS menu key again The new ambient temperature value is displayed Figure 1 11 Operator s Check for T 4 Upload From SNS Step 10 If the value does not change return the SNS to Agilent Technologies for repair 20 Chapter 1 General Information Operation Operator s Check for Switching Noise Source Off and On Thefollowing procedure checks that the SNS can switch the noise source off and on This ensures the excess noise switches Step 1 Remove any cables from the NFA input and SNS drive Step 2 Press the Preset key Wait until the preset routine has completed before proceeding NOTE The preset condition used is the NFA default of Preset Factory Step 3 Connect the SNS to the NFA Port using the multi pin 11730 cable as shown in Figure 1 12 Figure 1 12 SNS connected to NFA graphic KA Step 4 Press the Frequency Points key Step 5 Press the Frequency Mode menu key Step 6 Press the Fixed menu key Chapter 1 21 General Information Operation Step 7 Press the Fixed Frequency menu key Enter 1 0 GHZ as a fixed frequency value by pressing the 1 numeric key followed by pressing the GHz menu key Step 8 Press the Sweep key Step 9 Press the Manual Meas menu key Step 10 Press the Manual Sta
24. at this time The uncertainty field for the ENR amplitude Euncert is optional However this field must be present if reflection coefficient data is supplied The reflection coefficient data is optional and is formatted as four fields on mag on phase off mag off phase Reflection magnitude with noise source on Reflection angle in degrees with noise source on Reflection magnitude with noise source off Reflection angle in degrees with noise source off If any reflection coefficient data is supplied then all four fields must be present Thefileformat requires the ENR uncertainty field to be present before any reflection data The reflection coefficient uncertainty on mag uncert is an optional parameter Either one or four reflection uncertainties are allowed If one value is supplied it is assumed to apply to all reflection parameters Alternatively uncertainties can be supplied for all four reflection parameters independently Reflection coefficient data must be present if this field is supplied 38 Chapter 2 NOTE Step 1 NOTE Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9 Step 10 ENR File Format Viewing the Smart Noise Source ENR Data Viewing the Smart Noise Source ENR Data To view the ENR data you need a Noise Figure Analyzer and a diskette For an explanation of saving a file to a diskette using the NFA see the Noise Figure Analyzer Us
25. ation Performance Tests Performance Tests Due to the specialized test equipment involved there are no recommended performance tests for the user to perform Return the noise sources to Agilent Technologies when tests are required to verify its performance and for periodic re calibration The calibration must be traceable to the national standards laboratories The suggested interval before initial re calibration is one year Adjustments The user cannot make adjustments to the noise sources 24 Chapter 1 Replaceable Parts Table 1 5 and Table 1 6 lists all replaceable parts available for the Agilent NA00XA Smart Noise Sources Figure 1 15 shows a typical General Information Replaceable Parts Smart Noise Source being prepared for parts replacement at the assembly level by removing the four end screws two at each end To order parts contact your local Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office NOTE If the Agilent Smart Noise Source is opened and parts replaced it requires re calibration Table 1 5 Replaceable Parts List Model Option Replacement Replacement Attenuator PC Board Bulkhead Noise Cartridge Replacement Kit Assembly Assembly N4000A N4000 60014 00346 60154 00346 60156 N4000 60001 N4000A Opt 001 N4000 60015 00346 60154 00346 60156 N4000 60001 N4001A N4001 60003 00346 60154 00346 60027 N4000 60001 N4001A Opt 001 N4001 60004 00346 60154 00346 60027 N4000 60001 N4002A N4002 60004
26. ax 64 4 802 6881 New Zealand ASIA PACIFIC Agilent Technologies Hong Kong tel 852 3197 7777 fax 852 2506 9284 32 Chapter 1 2 E NR File Format 33 ENR File Format Format Details Format Details An SNS ENR file e ndudes all data currently supplied on the printed noise source calibration report e Can be viewed and edited using a standard text editor for example Wordpad e Is simple to create and interpret e Is easily printable e Is easily imported into Excel Format The ENR fileis read line by line Each lineis terminated by a linefeed character or a carriage return linefeed pair Each line must be less then 100 characters long exduding the terminator Lines containing only whitespace tab or space character are ignored Each line is interpreted as one of three types of record Comment HeaderField ENR Data Comment Records A comment record must have either a or as the first character in the line The entire line is ignored Comment records can appear at any point within the file 34 Chapter 2 General form Mandatory header fields ENR File Format Format Details Header Fields Header fields must have a as the first character in the line Each header field has the general form FieldName OptionalValue The must bethe first character on the line TheFieldName and OptionalValue if present must be separated by whitesp
27. ctor mating plane inside the female connector This decreases the total center conductor contact separation and should be monitored carefully 75 Ohm Type N Connectors 75 Type N connectors differ from 50 Type N connectors most significantly in that the center conductor male contact pin and female contact hole are smaller Therefore mating a male 5022 Type N connector with a female 7522 Type N connector will destroy the female 75 connector by spreading the female contact fingers apart permanently or even breaking them If both 75Q and 5092 Type N connectors are among those on the devices you are using identify the 7522 Type N connectors to be sure that they are never mated with any 5092 Type N connectors 56 Appendix A Caring for Connectors Using Connector Gages Using Connector Gages Before a connector gage is used it must be inspected deaned and zeroed Inspecting and Cleaning the Gage Inspect the connector gage and the gage calibration block carefully exactly as you have inspected the connector itself Clean or replace the gage or the block if necessary dirt on the gage or block will make the gage measurements of the connectors inaccurate and can transfer dirt to the connectors themselves damaging them during gaging or when the connection is made Zeroing the Gage Zero the gage by following the steps described below Be sure that you are using the correct connector gage and correct end of the gage cal
28. ctors NoType N connector should ever be used when thereis any possibility of interference between the shoulder of the male contad pin and the tip of the female contact fingers when the connectors are mated In practice this means that no Type N connector pair should be mated when the separation between the tip of the female contact fingers and the shoulder of the male contact pin could be less than zero when the connectors are mated Gage Type N connectors carefully to avoid damage Type N connectors differ from other connector types in that the outer conductor mating plane is offset from the mating plane of the center conductors The outer conductor sleeve in the male connector extends in front of the shoulder of the male contact pin When the connection is made this outer conductor sleeve fits into a recess in the female outer conductor behind the tip of the female contact fingers Figure A 5 Appendix A 55 Figure A 5 NOTE Caring for Connectors Mechanical Specifications Type N connectors MALE Outer Conductor Mating Plane FEMALE Therefore the mechanical specifications of Type N connectors give a maximum protrusion of the female contact fingers in front of the outer conductor mating plane and a minimum recession of the shoulder of the male contact pin behind the outer conductor mating plane As Type N connectors wear the protrusion of the female contad fingers generally increases due to wear of the outer condu
29. ctors and these should be retained after unpacking and placed over the ends of the connectors whenever they are not in use Extend the threads of connectors that have a retractable sleeve or sliding connector nut then put the plastic end cap over the end of the connector Above all never store any devices loose in a box or in a desk or a bench drawer Careless handling of this kind is the most common cause of connector damage during storage 44 Appendix A Caring for Connectors Visual Inspection Visual Inspection Visual inspection and if necessary deaning should be done every time a connection is made Metal and metal by product particles from the connector threads often find their way onto the mating plane surfaces when a connection is disconnected and even one connection made with a dirty or damaged connector can damage both connectors beyond repair Magpnification is helpful when inspecting connectors but it is not required and may actually be misleading Defects and damage that cannot be seen without magnification generally have no effect on electrical or mechanical performance M agnification is of great usein analyzing the nature and cause of damage and in cleaning connectors but it is not required for inspection Obvious Defects and Damage Examine the connectors first for obvious defects or damage badly worn plating deformed threads or bent broken or misaligned center conductors Connector nuts should move smoothly
30. d Agilent Technologies will at its option either repair or replace products which prove to be defective For warranty service or repair this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges duties and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programmi ng instructions when properly installed on that instrument Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfaci ng unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product or improper site preparation or maintenance NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Exclusive Remedies THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT INDIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
31. distributor vi Contents General Information VEN OU CL AA 2 Specifications oscuro ote ata uen va Peli ede rera 2 Specifications Table 1 1 ee 3 Excess Noise Ratio Expanded Uncertainty U Y Table 1 2 6 Supplemental Characteristics Table 1 3 8 Description anlem Rn m ERR V Rak E UE A x UE Ren 9 Warranty ipe aa eee a ae Be e ES EAR REP O ERE 9 Equipment Supplied with theNFA leleseeleeseselsnse 9 Equipment Available But Not Supplied aa 10 ODEIORIS c acordes Se net utes Sen ai JE PATA TATAG 10 Recommended Test Equipment esee 10 installation s onus Suo AAA erre BANA NAGA DEAN Aad a ads s 11 Handling Precautions ees 11 Initial Inspection III Ih 11 Returning an SNS to Agilent for REepaif e o 12 Mating CONNECtOlS rl rl el en kk kn kn tte 12 Connectors That Can Be Mated With the Noise Sources 12 Storage and Shipping Environment ee ee ee noun 12 Operation iu UNG NANG WO ka ok a EG OX af zenk REA UNANG 13 Operating Environment kn kaa knn n ka kon n a ka nan kk na 14 Operator s Maintenance ere ker knn ena knn kaa mn n nna 14 Operators Check si a on goat NIAN tn a an wk DETENER E la a a a 14 Operator s Check for Data Communication 15 Operator s Check for Tcold Communication 18 Operator s Check for Switching Noise Source Off and On
32. e 1 6 shows a typical deared ENR table A Typical Cleared ENR Table 3 Agilent ENR Table ENR Tabie ENR Table ENR Value Serial Number Noise Source Serial Number Fess 54124052 aes ID Noise Source Model ID ee Es Fill Table N4001 on en Use File key to Load or Save a table PEE 16 Chapter 1 General Information Operation Step 13 Press the Prev key Step 14 Press the Fill Table From SNS menu key Wait until the data is uploaded from the SNS before proceeding Step 15 Verify the data has been transferred from the SNS to the NFA The data transfer should be similar to Figure 1 7 If it is not return the SNS to Agilent Technologies for repair Use File key to Load or Save a table Figure 1 7 A Typical ENR Table after data entry Agilent ENR Table Frequency 10 00000000 MHz Edit Table ENR Table Frequenc ENR Value Serial Number Noise Source Serial Number 15 330 db 100 000000 MHz 15 560 dB 541246152 1 00000000 GHz 15 360 dB ID 2 00000000 GHz 15 120 dB 3 00000000 GHz 14 970 dB Noise Source Model ID 4 00000000 GHz 14 910 dB EI Table 5 00000000 GHz 14 850 dB N4001 6 00000000 GHz 14 900 dB 7 00000000 GHz 14 860 dB 8 00000000 GHz 14 890 dB 9 00000000 GHz 15 010 dB 10 0000000 GHz 15 110 dB 11 0000000 GHz 15 260 dB 12 0000000 GHz 15 400 dB 13 0000000 GHz 15 440 dB Chapter 1 17 Step 1 Step 2 NOTE Step 3 Step
33. e 63 ANG GO atm ae nae eae ee DALES Seed 65 Principles of Microwave Connector Care 0a 67 Contents General Information Figure 1 1 General Information Introduction Introduction This manual contains operating and service information for the Agilent SNS Series Smart Noise Sources models N4000A N4001A and N4002A TheAgilent SNS Series Smart Noise Sources have been designed to work with the Agilent NFA Series Noise Figure Analyzers An Agilent SNS Smart Noise Source Specifications The Specifications Table 1 1 on page 3 page 4 and page 5 are performance standards or limits against which the noise source may be tested These specifications for the noise source are ONLY valid if the analyzer has been allowed to meet its specified warm up time of 60 minutes ENR expanded uncertainty analysis for noise source calibration in Excess Noise Ratio Expanded Uncertainty U Y Table 1 2 on page 6 and page 7 The Supplemental Characteristics Table 1 3 on page 8 are not specifications but are typical characteristics included as additional information for the user 2 Chapter 1 NOTE Frequency Range Excess Noise Ratio ENR Range Impedance Operating Temperature Maximum reverse power Specifications Table 1 1 General Information Introduction Specifications are valid at ambient temperature 23 Celsius only 296 K N4000A and N4001A 10 MHz 18GHz
34. er s Guide Connect the SNS to the NFA Port using the multi pin 11730 cable as shown in Figure 1 5 on page 15 Ensure the NFA is set to read the SNS data See Operator s Check for Data Communication on page 15 for further information Press the File key Press the Save menu key Press the ENR menu key Press the SNS menu key Press the Tab key to highlight the Path C Ensure sup is highlighted Press the Select menu key Ensure the A directory is highlighted Press Select menu key Press the Enter key Wait until the data is saved tothe diskette You can now view the data on a PC using for example Wordpad as shown in Examples on page 40 Thedata is presented using Comma Separated Values CSV This allows you to view it in a Spreadsheet Chapter 2 39 ENR File Format Examples AAA Examples Example 1 This first example shows a simple ENR file wherethe Frequency and ENR values have been entered manually intothe Noise Figure Analyzer ENR Data File Created by N8973A Agilent NFA Series Noise Figure Analyzer Serial Number GB40390000 Firmware Revision A 01 01 13 37 07 Mar 28 2001 Format is Frequency Hz ENR dB Filetype ENR Version 1 0 10000000 15 3500 100000000 15 4230 1000000000 15 2280 2000000000 15 0900 3000000000 14 9600 4000000000 14 8400 5000000000 14 7890 6000000000 14 7500 7000000000 14 7720 8000000000 14 85
35. erally when the gage pointer on a gage that has been zeroed recently does not line up exactly with the zero mark the gage or calibration block needs cleaning Clean carefully and check the zero setting again 58 Appendix A Caring for Connectors Using Connector Gages Measuring Connectors Measuring the recession of the center conductor behind the outer conductor mating planein a connector is donein exactly the same way as zeroing the gage except of course that the graduated dial is not re set when the measurement is made f the connector has a retractable sleeve or sliding connector nut precision 7mm connectors for example extend the sleeve or nut fully This makes it easier to keep the gage centered in the connector Hold the gage by the plunger barrel and slip the gage into the connector sothat the gage plunger rests against the center conductor Carefully bring the gage into firm contact with the outer conductor mating plane Apply only enough pressure to the gage so that the gage pointer settles at a reading Gently rock the connector gage within the connector to make sure that the gage and the outer conductor have come together flatly Read the recession or protrusion from the gage dial For maximum accuracy measure the connector several times and take an average of the readings Rotate the gage relative to the connector between each measurement To monitor connector wear record the readings for each connector ove
36. he NFA Thefollowing equipment is supplied from Agilent Technologies with the N8974A and the N8975A Noise Figure Analyzer models for use with the Precision APC 3 5 mm Smart Noise Sources 8710 1761 7 0 mm Wrench e 83059B Precision 3 5mm Coaxial Adaptor Chapter 1 9 General Information Description Equipment Available But Not Supplied The following equipment is available from Agilent Technologies for use with the noise sources 8710 1764 20mm 8lb in Torque Wrench e 8710 1765 5 16 8lb in Torque Wrench 8710 1766 3 4 12lb in Torque Wrench for use with option 001 Options The Agilent N4000A and N4001A Noise Sources are available with the following output connector options Option 001 Type N male Since the Type N connectors are not suitable for use above 18 0 GHz no output connector options are available for the Agilent N4002A Recommended Test E quipment All of the operator s checks are performed using an Agilent Noise Figure Analyzer with firmware version A 01 01 and above This can be used to perform an operational verification check 10 Chapter 1 CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION General Information Installation Installation Handling Precautions The diode module is static sensitive and can be damaged or the calibration can be altered Do not rotate the Smart Noise Source body when connecting to the N oise Figure Analyzer or internal damage may result Do not drop the noise
37. ibration block for the connector being measured e Hold the gage by the plunger barrel not the dial housing or cap and for male connectors slip the protruding end of the calibration block into the circular bushing on the connector gage For precision 7mm female precision 3 5mm use the flat end of the gage calibration block For female Type N connectors use the recessed end of calibration block e Hold the gage by the plunger barrel only Figure A 6 Doing so will prevent errors in gage readings due to the application of stresses to the gage plunger mechanism through the dial indicator housing Carefully bring the gage and gage block together applying only enough pressure to the gage and gage block to result in the dial indicator pointer settling at a reading Appendix A 57 Figure A 6 NOTE Caring for Connectors Using Connector Gages Gently rock the two surfaces together to make sure that they have come together flatly The gage pointer should now line up exactly with the zero mark on the gage If it does not inspect and clean the gage and gage calibration block again and repeat this process If the gage pointer still does not line up with the zero mark on the gage loosen thedial lock screw and turn the graduated dial until the gage pointer exactly lines up with zero Then retighten the lock screw Using the connector gage Gages should be checked often to make sure that the zero setting has not changed Gen
38. ing for Connectors Cleaning Cleaning Interior Surfaces Interior surfaces especially on precision 3 5mm connectors are very difficult to reach and it is easy to damage connectors in trying to dean them The openings are very small and generally the center conductor is supported only at the inner end by a plastic dielectric support bead This makes it very easy to bend or break the center conductor One suitable method Figure A 4 is to cut off the sharp tip of a round wooden toothpick or a smaller diameter wooden rod and then to wrap it with a single layer of lint free cleaning doth Cleaning interior surfaces Metal must never be used it will scratch the plated surfaces and in cleaning precision 3 5mm connectors the diameter must not exceed 0 070 in 1 7 mm The wooden handle of a cotton swab for example is too large for this purpose Even though the handle can sometimes be inserted into the connector even when wrapped in lint free cloth movement of the handle against the center conductor can exert enough force on the center conductor to damage it severely Appendix A 51 Caring for Connectors Cleaning Moisten the doth with a small amount of alcohol and carefully insert it into the connector to dean the interior surfaces Use an illuminated magnifying glass or microscope to see d early the areas you wish to clean Drying Connectors When you have cleaned a connector al ways be sure that it is completely dry before
39. ion code string Option 001 model code option Caldate Date of calibration date amp time formatted date Caldate 19991202 09 15 30 of noise source and optional time Calduedate Indicates date datetime formatted date Calduedate 20001225 when next and optional time calibration of noise source is due Temperature Calibration value number followed Temperature 24C temperature by unit Valid units are C EK Humidity Calibration value number followed Humidity 4096 relative humidity by optional Yo Placeofcal Name of placetext string containing Placeofcal SouthQueensferry calibration site the place of calibration Trackingnum Tracking number value number Trackingnum 100 used during manufacture 36 Chapter 2 ENR File Format Format Details Table 2 2 Optional header fields FieldName Description Optional Description Example Value Current Calibrated value value number Current 3000 of SNS current DAC value General form NOTE Field separator Numeric fields The format of datestime parameters is YYYYMMDD hh mm ss i e a four digit year two digit month and two digit date optionally followed by a then two digit hour two digit minutes two digit seconds Unknown header fields are ignored by the Noise Figure Analyzer This allows for future expansion ENR Data ENR data records must be ordered from lowest to highest frequency The Noise F igure Analyzer attempts
40. ions that contain additives should not be used Carefully avoid wetting the plastic support bead which is easily damaged by alcohol inside the connector and blow the connector dry immediately with a gentle stream of compressed air Precision 7 mm Connectors When precision 7mm connectors have been cleaned with the center conductor collet removed insert the collet and dean the mating plane surfaces again When the connector is attached to a small component or to a cable calibration or verification standard the easiest way to dothis is to put a lint free deaning doth flat on a table and put a couple of drops of alcohol in the center of the cloth It should be noted that it is not necessary to remove the collet to usethis deaning method Retract the connector sleeve threads so that the connector interface is exposed Gently press the contact end of the connector into the cloth moistened with alcohol then turn the connector Dirt on the connector interface will be scrubbed away by the doth without damaging the connector Blow the connector dry with a gentle stream of compressed air This deaning method can be adapted even for fixed connectors such as those attached to test ports Simply fold the cloth into several layers of thickness moisten it press it against the connector interface and turn it to clean the connector Blow the connector dry with a gentle stream of compressed air 50 Appendix A Figure A 4 NOTE Car
41. jenbay ueuno Chapter 1 28 General Information Service Service Principles of Operation Referring to the SNS block diagram in Figure 1 16 a constant 28V is supplied from the NFA through the multi pin Connector block when the SNS is connected to the Noise Figure Analyzer A voltage inverter is used in the N4000A and N4001A to input approximately 25V to the Current Regulator The Current Regulator applies a negative bias current to the noise diode for the N 4000A and N4001A models The N4002A utilizes a positive bias so the voltage inverter is not necessary The current regulator block also provides the switching necessary to produce the noise On and Off states Thetwo wire bus interface allows for data transfer to and from the noise source The data stored in the EEPROM includes model serial number diode current setting and SNS calibration data The Power Supply provides 45V to the Two Wire Bus Interface EEPROM and Digital Temperature Sensor The Digital Temperature Sensor is a digital thermometer thermally coupled to the Microwave Assembly When the Smart Noise Sourceis in its On state the noise diode produces broadband noise which is input to the attenuator The attenuator sets the final Excess Noise Ratio ENR and output impedance of the Smart Noise Source A 16dB attenuator is used in the N4000A to provide nominal ENR values of 5dB A 6dB attenuator is used in the N4001A and N4002A models for nominal E
42. lid at ambient temperature 23 C 1 C 296K only A typical characteristic plot of ENR U Y versus each cardinal frequency point is shown in Figure 1 3 Characteristic E NR Plot versus Cardinal Frequency Points ta o L 5 2 c 2 001 010 1 00 300 600 900 1200 1500 18 00 2100 2400 2650 Frequency GHz 1 Characteristic values are met or bettered by 9096 of instruments with 9096 confidence 6 Chapter 1 Characteristic ENR U Y Specification General Information Introduction Excess Noise Ratio Expanded Uncertainty U Y Table 1 2 Continued Instrument model Frequency ENR Uncertainty dB GHz N4000A 0 01 1 5 0 16 1 5 3 0 0 15 3 0 7 0 0 15 7 0 18 0 0 16 N4001A 0 01 1 5 0 14 1 5 3 0 0 13 3 0 7 0 0 13 7 0 18 0 0 16 N4002A 0 01 1 5 0 15 1 5 3 0 0 13 3 0 7 0 0 13 7 0 18 0 0 15 18 0 26 5 0 22 1 Characteristic values are met or bettered by 9096 of instruments with 90 confidence Chapter 1 General Information Introduction Supplemental Characteristics Table 1 3 Supplemental Characteristics ENR variation with 0 01 dB C for 30 MHz to 26 5 GHz temperature Temperature Sensing Range 0 to 55 C Accuracy Resolution 925 C Accuracy 1 at 25 C 2 over 0 C to 55 C 8 Chapter 1 General Information Description Description The Smart Noise Source when commanded Off p
43. m Connectors Precision 7mm connectors among them apc 7 connectors should be inspected visually with the center conductor collets in place and whenever the collet has been removed See Figure A 1 The collet itself should be inspected for edge or surface damage and for any signs that the spring contacts are bent or twisted If they are replace the collet When the collet has been re inserted verify that it springs back immediately when pressed with a blunt plastic rod or with the rounded plastic handle of the collet removing tool Never use a pencil or your finger for this purpose 46 Appendix A Caring for Connectors Visual Inspection Figure A 1 Precision 7mm Connector Outer Conductor Center Conductor Collet Conductor Dielectric Mating Plane Support bead Sexed Connectors On sexed connectors especially precision 3 5mm and SMA connectors pay special attention to the female center conductor contact fingers Figure A 2 and Figure A 3 These are very easily bent or broken and damage to them is not always easy to see Any connector with damaged contact fingers will not make good electrical contact and must be replaced Figure A 2 Precision 3 5mm connectors Outer Conductor Mating Plane FEMALE Appendix A 47 Caring for Connectors Visual Inspection Figure A 3 SMA connectors Outer Conductor Mating Plane ALZA u FEMALE PULI 48 Appendix A NOTE Caring for Connecto
44. ng equipment bearing this mark Electromagnetic Compatibility This product conforms with the protection requirements of European Council Directive 89 336 E EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC The conformity assessment requirements have been met using the technical Construction file route to compliance using E MC test specifications EN 55011 1991 Group 1 Class A and EN 50082 1 1992 In order to preserve the EMC performance of the product any cable which becomes worn or damaged must be replaced with the same type and specification See the Declaration of Conformity on page vi Radio F requency Electromagnetic Field Immunity When a 3 Vm 1 radio frequency electromagnetic field is applied to the Smart Noise Source according to EC 61000 4 3 1995 degradation of performance may be observed When the frequency of the incident field falls within the bandwidth of a measured noise figure or gain the values displayed will deviate from those expected This phenomenon will only affect that specific frequency and the SNS will continue to perform to specification at all other frequency sample points The NFA may be unable to calibrate a chosen frequency sample point if the frequency matches that of an incident electromagnetic field Where to Find the Latest Information Documentation is updated periodically For the latest information about Agilent SNS Smart Noise Sources please visit the following Internet
45. nnectors clean e Touch mating plane surfaces e Extend sleeve or connector nut e Set connectors contact end down e Use plastic end caps during storage Visual Inspection DO DO NOT e Inspect each connector carefully e Use a damaged connector before every connection EVER e Look for metal particles scratches and dents Cleaning DO DO NOT Try compressed air first e Use any abrasives e Clean connector threads e Get liquid onto plastic support beads Appendix A 67 Caring for Connectors Principles of Microwave Connector Care Table A 4 Principles of Microwave Connector Care Gaging DO DO NOT Clean and zero the gage before using Use correct gage type Use correct end of calibration block Gage all connectors before first use Use an out of spec connector Making Connections Make preliminary connection lightly Turn connector nut only to tighten Use a torque wrench for final connection DO DO NOT Align connectors carefully e Apply bending force to connection Overtighten preliminary connection Twist or screw in connectors Tighten past break point of torque wrench 68 Appendix A
46. oise source insert the blade of a screwdriver between the plastic shells see F igure 1 17 To prevent damage to the shells use a screwdriver blade as wide as the slot between the two shells Pry alternately at both sides of the connector see Figure 1 17 until the plastic shells are apart Remove the shells and the magnetic shields Reassembly Procedure Replace the magnetic shields and plastic shells as shown in Figure 1 15 Snap the plastic shells together Returning a Noise Source for Calibration When returning a Smart Noise Source to Agilent Technologies for calibration send it to your nearest Sales and Service Office These are listed in Table 1 8 Chapter 1 31 General Information Service Table 1 8 Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Offices UNITED STATES Agilent Technologies tel 1 800 452 4844 CANADA Agilent Technologies Canada Inc Test amp Measurement tel 1 877 894 4414 EUROPE Agilent Technologies Test amp Measurement European Marketing Organization tel 31 20 547 2000 JAPAN Agilent Technologies Japan Ltd tel 81 426 56 7832 fax 81 426 56 7840 LATIN AMERICA Agilent Technologies Latin America Region Headquarters USA tel 305 267 4245 fax 305 267 4286 AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd tel 1 800 629 4852 Australia fax 61 3 9272 0749 Australia tel 0 800 738 378 New Zealand f
47. onnector nut not the device itself should then be rotated to make the connection slight resistance is generally felt as the center conductors mate 60 Appendix A NOTE Caring for Connectors Making Connections Alignment of precision 7mm connectors is made easier by the fact that the connector sleeve on one of the connectors must be extended fully and the sleeve on the other connector retracted fully in order to make the connection Extending the sleeve creates a cylinder into which the other connector fits If one of the connectors is fixed as on a test port extend that connector sleeve and spin its knurled connector nut to make sure that the threads are fully extended while on the other connector fully retract the connector sleeve To Make a Preliminary Connection Align thetwo connectors carefully and engage the connector nut over the exposed connector sleeve threads on the other connector Gently turn the connector nut until a preliminary connection is made Let the connector nut pull the two connectors straight together Do not twist one connector body into the other as you might drive a screw or insert a light bulb asthis is extremely harmful and can damagethe connectors When the mating plane surfaces make uniform light contact the preliminary connection is tight enough Do not overtighten this connection At this stage all you want is a connection in which the outer conductors make gentle contact at all
48. points on both mating surfaces Very light finger pressure no more than 2 inch ounces of torque is enough Appendix A 61 Caring for Connectors Making Connections Final Connection Using a Torque Wrench When the preliminary connection has been made use a torque wrench to make the final connection Tighten the connection only until the break point of the wrench is reached when the wrench handle gives way at its internal pivot point Do not tighten the connection further Also make surethat torque actually is being applied to the connection through the torque wrench not only to the wrench handle or in any way that prevents the break point of the wrench from controlling the torque applied to the connection Suggestions to ensure that torque is actually being applied are given in Table A 2 on page 63 Using a torque wrench guarantees that the connection will not be too tight thus preventing possible damage to the connectors and impaired electrical performance It also guarantees that all connections will be made with the same degree of tightness every time they are made Torque wrenches pre set to the correct value for each connector type are induded in many Agilent calibration kits and they are also available separately Torque settings are detailed in Table A 2 When using a torque wrench prevent rotation of anything other than the connector nut that is being tightened with the torque wrench Generally this is easy to do by hand
49. r time Appendix A 59 Caring for Connectors Making Connections Making Connections Making good connections is easy if a few simple principles are kept in mind e Aall connectors must be undamaged dean and within mechanical specification Theconnectors must be precisely aligned with one another and in flat physical contact at all points on the mating plane surfaces e The connection must not be too tight or too loose e Lateral or horizontal bending force must not be applied to the connection nor should any connection ever be twisted Align Connectors Carefully Careful alignment of the connectors is critical in making a good connection both to avoid damaging connectors and devices and to assure accurate measurements As you bring one connector up to the other and as you make the actual connection be alert for any sign that the two connectors are not aligned perfectly If you suspect that misalignment has occurred stop and begin again Alignment is especially important in the case of sexed connectors such as precision 3 5mm and SMA connectors to avoid bending or breaking the contact pins The center pin on the male connector must slip concentrically into the contact fingers of the female connector This requires great care in aligning the two connectors before and as they are mated When they have been aligned the center conductors must be pushed straight together not twisted or screwed together and only the c
50. roduces RF noise due to thermal agitation of its RF components at a level appropriate to its physical temperature When commanded On it still produces this noise and produces additional noise component referred to as EXCESS NOISE These two noi se levels are used to measure the gain and added noise of the device under test and consequently its noise figure The Excess Noise Ratio ENR for each SNS has been measured at cardinal frequencies and these frequency ENR pair values are stored in the SNS s internal EEPROM The ENR of the source relates the level of excess noise in dB tothe noise level appropriate to the standard temperature 296 K ENR does not indudethe Off noise component Also induded in the EEPROM calibration data is the measurement uncertainty and the complex reflection coefficient in both the On and Off states for each SNS The SNS has a built in thermometer which monitors the ambient temperature This value can betransferred to the NFA and control the calculation of the T yg value All models are provided with a twelve pin connector for power input and data transfer The output connector is a male APC 3 5 on the standard noise sources Type N connectors are available as options for the Agilent SNS models N4000A and N4001A Warranty The noise sources are warranted and certified as indicated in this manual Connector damage resulting from improper use is not covered under warranty Equipment Supplied with t
51. rs Cleaning Cleaning Careful cleaning of all connectors is essential to assure long reliable connector life to prevent accidental damage to connectors and to obtain maxi mum measurement accuracy and repeatability Yet it is the one step most often neglected or done improperly Supplies recommended for cleaning microwave connectors are as follows Compressed Air Alcohol Cotton Swabs Lint Free Cleaning Cloth Compressed Air Loose particles on the connector mating plane surfaces can usually be removed with a quick blast of compressed air This is very easy to do and should always be tried first using compressed air from a small pressurized can The stream of air can be directed exactly where it is wanted through a plastic not metal nozzle No hoses or other connections are needed Hold the can upright to avoid spraying liquid along with the vapor Cleaning Alcohol Dirt and stubborn contaminants that cannot be removed with compressed air can often be removed with a cotton swab or lint free deaning cloth moistened with alcohol Usethe least amount of alcohol possible and avoid wetting any plastic parts in the connectors with the alcohol Appendix A 49 Caring for Connectors Cleaning Alcohol should be used in liquid rather than spray form If a spray must be used always spray the alcohol onto a cloth or swab never directly into a connector Very dirty connectors can be deaned with pure alcohol Other solut
52. se blue service tags have been provided at the back of this manual Mark the shipping container FRAGILE In any correspondence refer to the noise sources by model number and serial number Mating Connectors The noise sources can be mated with other instrumentation having the connectors listed in Table 1 4 Connectors That Can Be Mated With the Noise Sources Configuration Mating Connector Input all units multi pin connector Output standard APC 3 5 female Opt 001 Type N female 1 This is designed to operate with the NFA using the 11730 cable A 11730A cable is supplied with the NFA 2 Must comply with U S Military Standard MIL C 39012 Storage and Shipping Environment The noise sources must be stored in a dean dry environment The following environmental limitations apply to both storage and shipment Temperature 55 C to 75 C Humidity lt 95 relative Altitude 15300 meters 50000 feet 12 Chapter 1 CAUTION Figure 1 4 Typical Noise Figure Measurement Test Setup General Information Operation Operation This section refers to operation with the Agilent NFA Series Noise Figure Analyzers The Agilent SNS Series Smart Noise Sources have been designed to work specifically with these analyzers For more detailed operating instrudions refer to the Agilent NFA Series Noise Figure Analyzers User s Guide Usea dc blocking capacitor to protect the noise source from damage
53. source Dropping can damage the unit or alter the calibration Proper connector care is essential See Operator s Maintenance in the Operation section of this manual for more information Initial Inspection Inspect the shipping container for damage nspect the noise source for mechanical damage incurred in transit If the shipping container or cushioning material is damaged it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked for completeness and the noise source has been mechanically and electrically checked If the contents are incomplete if there is mechanical damage or a defect or if the noise source does not work electrically notify the nearest Agilent Technologies office If the shipping container is damaged or the cushioning material shows signs of unusual stress notify the carrier as well as the Agilent Technologies office K eep the shipping materials for the carrier s inspection Chapter 1 11 Table 1 4 General Information Installation Returning an SNS to Agilent for Repair Container and materials identical to those used in factory packaging are available through Agilent Technologies offices If the noise source is being returned to Agilent Technologies for servicing attach a tag indicating the name and address of the company the technical contact person phone number and extension the model number serial number type of service being requested and failure symptoms if applicable For this purpo
54. te menu key and set it to Manual State On Step 11 Press the Noise Source menu key and set it to Noise Source On Step 12 Press the IF Att menu key and set it to IF Att Hold Step 13 Monitor the power value which appears in the manual measurement screen Figure 1 13 shows a typical example of this Figure 1 13 Typical example of power reading with Noise Source On de Agilent Manual Meas Manual State ni DUT Amplifier Accept Calibration f ni HERA Noise Source Off ni RFZpH Att Auto Hold Fixed Freq Power IF Att 1 000000 GHz 11 622 dB e More 1of2 Step 14 Press the Noise Source menu key and set it to Noise Source Off 22 Chapter 1 General Information Operation Step 15 Monitor the power value which appears in the manual measurement screen Figure 1 14 shows a typical example of this NOTE The monitored value is only to be used to indicate if the SNS is switching the Excess Noise On and Off by showing a change in power value Figure 1 14 Typical example of power reading with Noise Source Off Agilent Manual Meas DUT Amplifier onus tate Manual Meas Accept Calibration f ni Aul Noise Source OD bay e RF pW Att Auto Hold Fixed Freq Power D r ee 1 000000 GHz 19 856 dB pata ikel med z More 1of2 Step 16 If thereis not a change in value return the SNS to Agilent Technologies for repair Chapter 1 23 General Inform
55. the file Therefore they may not be numerically accurate 42 Chapter 2 Caring for Connectors The material contained in this appendix may not be apply to the connector you are using on the instrument 43 Caring for Connectors Introduction Introduction Recent advances in measurement capabilities have made connectors and connection techni ques more important than ever before Damage to the connectors on calibration and verification devices test ports cables and other devices represent an increasing burden in downtime and expense This Appendix will help you get the best performance from all coaxial microwave connectors Toknow what tolook for when deaning and inspecting them in order to preserve their precision and extend their life Tomakethe best possible microwave connections improving the accuracy and repeatability of all of your measurements saving both time and money Connector Part Numbers Refer to the latest edition of the HP RF amp Microwave Test Accessories Catalog for connector part numbers Handling and Storage Microwave connectors must be handled carefully inspected before use and when not in use stored in a way that gives them maximum protection Avoid touching the connector mating plane surfaces and avoid setting the connectors contact end down especially on a hard surface Never store connectors with the contact end exposed Plastic end caps are provided with all Agilent conne
56. tion is tightened the collets are compressed intothe same plane as the outer conductors For this reason two mechanical specifications are generally given for precision 7mm connectors the maximum recession of the center conductor behind the outer conductor mating plane with the center conductor collet removed and a minimum and maximum allowable protrusion of the center conductor collet in front of the outer conductor mating plane with the collet in place The center conductor collet should also spring back immediately when pressed with a blunt plasticrod or with the rounded plastic handle of the collet removing tool Never use a pendil or your finger for this purpose With the center conductor collet removed no protrusion of the center conductor in front of the outer conductor mating plane is allowable and sometimes a minimum recession is required Consult the mechanical specifications provided with the connector or the device itself 54 Appendix A NOTE Caring for Connectors Mechanical Specifications Sexed Connectors In Type N and precision 3 5mm connectors the position of the center conductor in the male connector is defined as the position of the shoulder of the male contact pin not the position of the tip The male contact pin slides into the female contact fingers and electrical contact is made by the inside surfaces of the tip of the female contact fingers on the sides of the male contad pin 50 Ohm Type N Conne
57. to which the connectors themselves are attached It can also scrapethe plating from the male contact pin or even in rare instances unscrew the male or female contact pin slightly from its interior mounting bringing it out of specification this can also occur if the female contact fingers are unusually tight 64 Appendix A CAUTION Caring for Connectors Adapters Adapters Adapters are used to connect a device with one connector interface to a device or to test equipment that has another interface or to reduce wear on connectors that may be difficult or expensive to replace Reducing wear is possibly the most important use of adapters especially when devices that have SM A connectors are being used SMA connectors are low cost connectors generally used up to about 23GHz They are not precision mechanical devices and are not designed for repeated connections and disconnections as they wear out quickly and are very often found upon assembly to be out of specification even before they have been used This makes them potentially destructive to any precision 3 5mm connectors with which they might be mated Worn damaged or out of specification SMA connectors can destroy a precision 3 5mm connector even on the very first connection For this reason it is recommended that you use high quality precision adapters sometimes called connector savers whenever more than a few connections are to be made between SMA and precision 3 5mm
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