Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems
Contents
1. Measurement Cell t Source Detector Reference Cell EXAMPLES ACS Milton Roy 3300 Siemens Ultramat 21 Bodenseewerk MCS 100 MAJOR VARIATIONS A popular type of detector uses a dual chamber cell with the gas of interest in full concentration in one chamber and a zero gas in the other The two chambers are connected and any pressure difference caused by the unequal absorption of IR light causes a measurable flow between them 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 7 Non Dispersive Ultraviolet ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Non Dispersive Ultraviolet COMMON NAMES NDUV OPERATING PRINCIPLE Similar to NDIR ultraviolet analyzers produce specific wavelengths of light for absorption by molecules of interest Most IR analyzers use a measuring and a reference cell while UV analyzers instead use measuring and reference wavelengths INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Sample out Measuring Wavelength UV Light ource Wavelength Controller EXAMPLES DuPont 460 Western Research 721 series Lear Siegler SM 100 MAJOR VARIATIONS Western Research adds a reference cell for similar purposes as an IR analyzer 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 8 Paramagnetic ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Paramagnetic COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE Oxygen molecules unlike most others will be attracted to a magnetic field The movement of molecules through a field causes measurable eff2. Mid Scale OK Channel 4 circle one INSTANTANEOUS AVERAGE OPACITY DIRT ZERO SPAN Integration Period Minutes OK Full Scale Ok Mid Scale OK Data Collection Record Accumulator Channels O 0Samples Min 1 1CalKit _ VDC 2 ALLA ae VDC 3 3 Last Zero Set _ VDC 4 4 Span O VDC 5 5LastSpan Set _ 1 VDC 6 6 Stack Coe Tasso VDC 7 7 Last Stack Set _ 1 VDC Stack Taper Ratio 0 Record Alarm Values Alarm 1 average Opacity 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 28 Alarm 2 instantaneous Opacity 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 29 APPENDIX This Appendix contains descriptions of the operating principles used by various analyzers It is arranged as described below Any major differences between manufacturers are described and examples of current analyzers are given Any new principles or analyzer information that becomes available will be added when this manual is updated The following operating principles are described Chemiluminescence Electrocatalysis Electrochemical Cell Fluorescence Ion Mobility Spectrometry IR Gas Filter Correlation NDIR NDUV Paramagnetic Resonance absorption 2nd derivative UV UV diode array 12 Double Pass Transmissometry Single Pass Transmissometry Differential pressure Orifice Plate Thermal Mass Flow Ultrasonic Vortex flow Coal sampling Gas Chromatography Lead Ace
3. affect the response time and durability INTERFERANTS Thermocouples should be shielded from radiant energy and matched to the proper temperature environments COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Sheath Junction Wire Wire type type EXAMPLES Newport JMS Omega all produce various types of thermocouples MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 20 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 21 Coal Sampling and Analysis ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Coal Sampling COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE A sample of coal is pulled from a point as close as possible to where it is burned All processing of the coal should be done and the sample should be identical to that entering the boiler Some devices include a mechanical sweep arm that moves across a conveyor belt and deposits a sample in a container Others have been designed to take samples from pneumatic feed lines Once collected the sample is analyzed either on site or at an independent laboratory for sulfur content and heat value Users may design their own devices but performance specifications for sample frequency amount representativeness and analysis are published in the Department s Continuous Source Monitoring Manual INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM EXAMPLES Ramsey RSC 2100 Pennsylvania Electric Co PACSS MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 22 Lead Acetate Tape ANALYTIC
4. 11 2000 Operating principles of analyzers 274 0300 003 March 11 2000 INTRODUCTION In accordance with the requirements of the Pennsylvania Air Pollution Control Act the Federal Clean Air Act and regulations adopted under those acts many sources throughout Pennsylvania have installed and are operating continuous emission monitoring and coal sampling amp analysis systems CEMS s amp CSAS s These systems measure and record various emission parameters including opacity sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides carbon monoxide hydrogen chloride and other sulfur compounds Emission rates concentrations opacities and temperatures are reported on a quarterly basis to determine compliance with a host of federal and state standards The performance characteristics of these monitoring systems are evaluated initially through performance specification testing This testing is intended to demonstrate the ability of these systems to meet minimum standards for reliability and capability at the time of installation In order to allow the Department of Environmental Protection Department to determine the continued accuracy and reliability of the installed systems a four level Inspection and Audit program was developed Levels I III and IV are conducted by Central Office personnel Level II is conducted by personnel from the Regional Office in which the monitored source is located This manual primarily contains procedures to be used by personnel co
5. Number of points averaged Data reduced automatically In units of standard Automatic zero correction recorded Alarm value F factor Other factors explain Factors verified Y N Conversion formulas 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page A 3 Opacity MAINTENANCE Repair modification history Spare parts inventory Service contract Record of previous failures Previous quarterly calibration Window cleaning interval Preventive maintenance plan RECORDS REVIEW Obtain access to the company s monitoring data file Check the data from the previous and current quarters for the items listed below Notify the company of the need to correct any deficiencies 1 Check for compliance with the Recordkeeping and Reporting section of the Manual 2 Obtain a copy of 1 the recorder data and 2 reduced hourly averages from the current quarter for a 24 hour time period picked at random 3 Check the record of preventive and corrective maintenance Determine the possible effect on previously reported data 4 Check for compliance with the data validation and reduction procedures in the Quality Assurance section of the Manual 5 Check for unusual less than half or more than twice the daily standard emission rate averages which occur on a frequent basis 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page A 4 COAL SAMPLING amp ANALYSIS SYSTEM INSPECTION CHECKLIST Company Name Source s Monitired GENERAL IN
6. On Off Blinking Cal Fault Dirty Window Purge Air Stack Power Failure Lamp Failure Alarm Instrument Zero Span Check Performed either on the remote unit or the transceiver Set Mode to Zero Chart Recorder Value Processor Meter Value Set Mode to Span Chart Recorder Value 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 1 Processor Meter Value 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 2 DATATEST Indicator Lights Instrument Power Set Points System Diagnostics Digital Multimeter Readings Type K Thermocouple Output Cell Temperature min 950 F 22 4 mV 1000 Degrees Zirconia Oxide Cell Output Analyzer Oxygen Concentration Datatest Model 301 Normal Heater circuit is 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 3 Model s 301 Thermocouple is open open Off Off Off_ 140 120 100 60 60 100 gt A a o 50 CELL VOLTAGE VS OXYGEN CONCENTRATION AT V ARIOUS CELL TEMPERATURES 20 Response to Air always zero Oxygen Concentration 10 5 2 1 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 4 0 5 0 2 0 1 LEAR SIEGLER Lear Siegler Models MC 2000 1100M Model s MC 2000 1100M The controller must be partially pulled out of the panel to expose a digital switch on top The following list contains settings for that switch that will display values on the front panel Setting 00 03 opacity 05 hours 06 val
7. STATUS increment STATUS to YES Subheading to REF select UPPER or LOWER Observe ref reading on front display mA REF should read between 8 14 mA No faults should be displayed on the lower readout and the fault and upset lights to the right of the display should be off Set heading button to E O CAL subheading to INTERVAL Interval set to 1 through 24hrs hs Subheading to SO2 Z between 1 and 7 mA cl mA Subheading to Z between 1 and mA mA Subheading to SO2S record reading ppm Subheading to NOS record reading ppm Set heading button to INSTRUMENT set subheading to SPAN NO record reading ppm Subheading button to SPAN SD record reading Subheading to 502 FS Full Scale record reading ppm Subheading to NO FS Full scale record reading ppm 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 15 The following measurement cavity lengths and full scales must correlate 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 16 Cavity Length Full Scale Range 2 5 cm 0 3000 PPM 5 0 cm 0 1500 PPM 10 0 cm 0 750 PPM 20 0 cm 0 375 PPM 38 0 cm 0 208 PPM 40 0 cm 0 188 PPM 100 0 cm 0 75 PPM The reading recorded under E O CAL SO2S and NOS should be within 2 596 of full scale of those readings recorded under INSTRUMENT SPAN NO and SPAN SD Heading to GAS CAL subheading to SO2G Value should be between 9 and 1 1 Subheading to NOG Value should be between 9 and 1 1 Set heading to PARAMETERS Subh
8. the company If retesting is required the results will be reviewed and the Regional Office notified of the outcome 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page 5 LEVELIV SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AUDIT CONDUCTED AT SPECIFIED FREQUENCIES OR AS REQUIRED General gaseous pollutants The department currently has the ability to test for SO2 NOx O2 CO2 Plans are underway to add capabilities to test for CO THC TNMHC and pollutants diluents are determined using EPA instrumental methods and follow this general format I Three gas tests that are each at least 21 minutes long but can be adjusted upwards to some multiple of the CEMS sampling or averaging frequency The methods used are those described in the 40 CFR Part 60 Determination of CO2 or O2 is conducted simultaneously with pollutant II If necessary stack gas velocity and moisture content may also be determined using approved methods at a minimum of one determination per three pollutant tests III Process data collected may include but is not limited to the following boiler operating data as necessary to determine heat input fuel feed rates in conjunction with sampling and the most recent Boiler Efficiency rating The results of testing will be compared with the CEMS data output for the corresponding time periods in units of the standard Supplementary data to be provided by the company should include results of the normal daily calibrations before and after the
9. 0 NO OFF High SO2 NO Temp ___ Rotate METER SELECT knob to REF position The panel meter should fall within the green zone Rotate METER SELECT knob to SO High Low position then to NO High Low position Note stack gas concentrations as indicated by front panel meter or data handling device NO Rotate METER SELECT knob to Temp position Note stack gas temperature as recorded by meter display Compare with scale measurement value Should agree within 25 F Scale Ranges Temperature 0 800 F Monitor 0 750 gt 0 3000 Inside Remote Display Unit Note position of S1 switch calibration interval 1 1 hour 2 2 hour 3 4 hour 4 8 hour 5 24 hour 0 1000 F 0 1500ppm 0 6000ppm Note position of R1 switch Altitude correction 100 divisions 500ft Actual altitude __ RI Indication 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 13 OFF 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 14 Lear Siegler Model SM8100 LEAR SIEGLER Model s SM 8100 This analyzer is most likely hooked to a Unicon 700 controller that may also run other analyzers To check the analyzer run through the following diagnostic check at the controller Set Heading button to Panel subheading to ACCESS read OPEN 0 02 If ACCESS reads LOCK select subheading CODE and enter 3300 Subheading to CONFIG increment CONFIG to YES Subheading to JBOX enter appropriate JBOX 1 2 3 4 10 Subheading to
10. 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 14 Differential Pressure ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Differential Pressure COMMON NAMES Pitot Tube Annubar OPERATING PRINCIPLE The gas pressure on two sides of a probe suspended in a moving gas stream is measured and used to calculate the velocity S type pitot tubes measure at a single point using two tubes with openings only at the end Annubars use two tubes with multiple holes and average the pressures across the stack Both types require thorough profiling of the stack flow in order to insure a representative reading of velocity is taken Both types also require Blow back systems to purge dust from the tubes and openings Very low velocities are difficult to measure with either method INTERFERANTS Mislead by cyclonic flows those not parallel to stack centerline and difficult to maintain in extremely dirty environments COMPONENTS DIAGRAM pressure PITOT Purge TUBE Air Total pressure i ANNUBAR y Static pressure m Purge Pressure Ao Total pressure 2 A i Air Pressure Transmitter EXAMPLES Air Monitor MASS tron annubar pitot tubes MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 15 Orifice Plate ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Orifice Plate COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE Usually used in measuring the flow of extremely clean gases like natural gas in fuel lines A plate i
11. AL TECHNIQUE Lead Acetate Tape COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE A fixed volume of clean sample gas is mixed with Nitrogen and injected into a cell A section of lead acetate covered tape is exposed to the gas mixture and slowly turns black Light is projected onto the tape and the reflected intensity is measured The rate of change of tape color indicates the concentration of HS INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Sample In Carrier Gas In Solenoid EXAMPLES Tracor Atlas 722R 102 MAJOR VARIATIONS This is the only Lead Acetate Tape analyzer currently tracked in Pennsylvania 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 23 Gas Chromatograph ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Gas Chromatography COMMON NAMES GC OPERATING PRINCIPLE An automated sampler pulls a fixed volume of conditioned gas from the sampled stream usually fuel gas at a time The sample is then injected along with a carrier gas usually Helium into a small diameter column packed with special materials The different components in the sample separate while traveling through the column and arrive at a detector at different times The most common type of detector is the FID which ionizes the components in a Hydrogen flame and measures the ionization energy Many other types of detectors are available and are referred to as follows FPD PID ECD TCD and Mass Spectrometer INTERFERANTS Both the detector and column s need to be car
12. C t on Temperature correction _ ON OFF C 00 0 Internal Instrument temp Ambient 5 0 0 0 Analog Offset Voltage 2 Ignore Rest of Parameters 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 25 United Sciences Inc Model 500 UNITED SCIENCES INCORPORATED USI Model s 500C Remote Display Panel Fault Indicating Lights ON OFF Instrument Malfunction are ENT Calibration Fail T Zu Purge Fail Qu Stack Power Fail qune pt Alarm Set 1 nt MAR Alarm Set 2 u SE Lamp Test OK OTHER Cal Zero Check Current Cal Zero E __ Opacity Cal Zero High Limit _ 220 Opacity Cal Zero Low Limit _ 220 Opacity Dirt Accumulation _ E 9o Opacity Cal Span Check Current Cal Span _ __ Opacity Cal Span High Limit __ 9o Opacity Cal Span Low Limit _____ __ Opacity Last Auto Cal Span Opacity Last Auto Cal Zeng 1 11 Opacity Analog Outputs Channel 1 circle one INSTANTANEOUS AVERAGE OPACITY DIRT ZERO SPAN Integration Period Minutes Zero 8 eee OK Full Scale OK 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 26 Mid Scale EN OK 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 27 Channel 2 circle one INSTANTANEOUS AVERAGE OPACITY DIRT ZERO SPAN Integration Period Minutes Zero Full Scale soe OK Mid Scale ______ Channel 3 circle one INSTANTANEOUS AVERAGE OPACITY DIRT ZERO SPAN Integration Period Minutes Zero Full Scale ____ OK
13. CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEMS INSPECTION MANUAL BUREAU AIR QUALITY DIVISION OF SOURCE TESTING AND MONITORING Revision N 2 January 2000 2741 BK DEP1225 274 0300 003 March 11 2000 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BUREAU OF AIR QUALITY DOCUMENT NUMBER 274 0300 003 TITLE Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems Inspection Manual Staff Handbook EFFECTIVE DATE January 1 2000 Official copy to be revised January 1 2001 AUTHORITY Air Pollution Control Act 35 PS 4001 4015 POLICY A brief description of continuouus emission monitoring system operational principles and audit procedures including checklists for use by Bureau personnel conducting the audits PURPOSE Certain industrial and technical sources are required to continuously monitor emissions of key pollutants and or operational parameters to demonstrate compliance with emission standards The Bureau s Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems Inspection Manual contains the following 1 A description of procedures used by the Bureau and Regional Offices to conduct various levels of quality assurance auditing activities at existing monitoring installations 2 Generalized checklists for use by the Bureau and Regional Offices during such activities 3 Copies of the electronics checklists that have been provided to the Bureau by facilities as part of their monitoring plan and an explanation of the operating procedures o
14. FORMATION Comments CSASIDNO Manufacturer Model Date Installed Installed by plant or vendor Applicable regulation Has Phase III been completed Date and type of last performance specification test Use emission determination or Reduction Coal feed continuous or intermittent Number of sample acquisition points Sample collection automatic or manual Samples per hour day Hourly sample weights at least 2 Ib or equivalency demonstrated Sample weights constant or proportional to feed Can samples be related to known time periods Sampling Analysis time Any changes since last inspection explain on back 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page A 5 Sample acquisition points downstream of coal processing equipment Sample acquisition from each coal feed stream If not was equivalency demonstrated Check For Sampler ID Sampler in place Sampler correctly labeled Sampler Can correctly labeled Timers operating properly Timer security Correct frequency timer setting Correct duration timer setting Correct air regulator pressure Cyclone leaking Cyclone plugged Sampler plugged Pinch valve leaking Proper sample quantity Sampler subject to excessive vibration Sampler probe oriented properly V Satisfactory N Unsatisfactory explain below Comments 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page A 6 ANALYSIS INSPECTION Comments Duplicate analyses performed daily on
15. acity value on the meter __ and on the strip chart Turn the measurement knob to INPUT and record mA Turn the measurement knob to OPTICAL DENSITY and record __ 0 9 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 8 Turn Measurement knob to 100 OPACITY Press the OPERATE CAL button 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 9 Internal Electronics check Open converter unit and with a digital voltmeter 0 10 VDC attach ground lead to TP2 signal ground red on CAL timer and power supply board Attach other lead to TP3 orange on receiver w auto zero board This voltage should be 10 00 VDC 0 2 TP3 Voltage Remove lead from TP3 and place on TP4 yellow on optical density board Leave ground lead attached to TP2 Cal Timer and power supply board This voltage should be 10 00 VDC 0 2 TP4 Voltage To check the opacity card place active lead to brown on opacity card with ground lead still attached to TP2 on Cal Timer and power supply board Place measurement switch in 30 opacity position Voltage should read 0 VDC at TP1 brown and front range should read zero TP1 Voltage Remove all leads from inside converter unit Have plant personnel remove fuse from holder Locate Cal timer and power supply card Note position of S 1 switch e ts S 1 position Locate Optical Density card Note position of switch S 1 See 5 1 position Locate Opacity Card Remove from holder and note position of 5 1 swi
16. al to NDUV Additional signal analysis performed EXAMPLES Lear Siegler SM 8100 Ametek PDA 6010 MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 10 UV Diode Arra ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE UV Diode Array COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE This technique utilizes the whole absorption spectrum instead of measuring at a particular frequency The advantage is that measurement is not limited to one gas After passing through the sample the light is separated into its component wavelengths by using a holographic grating on a concave mirror Each wavelength then strikes an individual diode An array may contain anywhere from 128 to 4 000 diodes spaced an average of 25 micrometers apart When a photon strikes one part of a diode an electron passes through a barrier to the other part The amount of voltage necessary to return those electrons to their original side is proportional to the light energy striking the diode INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Sample na Holographic Grating Mirror Photodiode Array EXAMPLES MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page 11 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 12 Double Pass Transmissometry ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Double Pass Transmissometry COMMON NAMES Opacity Analyzer OPERATING PRINCIPLE A light beam is projected across the stack or duct and reflected back towards the source Dust particles in the exhaust stream sc
17. anual Twenty five percent of both the manually and disk entered reports are then selected to audit for accuracy of the data entry The quarterly calibration results are also checked If the results indicate violation of the applicable performance specification the appropriate data must be invalidated and both the company and Regional Office notified of the need for corrective action and recalibration Summaries of the Quarterly Emissions and Data Availability reports are generated and copies of all are submitted to the DEP Regional Office EPA and the company 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page 2 LEVEL II FIELD SYSTEMS INSPECTION CONDUCTED RANDOMLY OR AS NEEDED I System configuration and equipment inspection A Check for any modifications made to the system since the last inspection B Check the operational status and condition of all equipment associated with the monitoring system using the appropriate checklist chosen from Appendix A of this manual This check includes 1 Sampling interface transport and conditioning 2 Calibration and analysis 3 Maintenance and data handling II Diagnostic check of analyzer electronics A Locate appropriate checklist in Appendix B of this manual B Collect electronics checkpoint data as specified and note any changes from previous values or values outside of specified normals III Operational audit Request company to perform manual daily calibration using company standards th
18. at have been verified to meet the requirements of the Departments Continuous Source Monitoring Manual CEM Manual IV Data Inspection Obtain access to the company s continuous emission monitoring data file Check the data from the previous and current quarters using the Data Inspection section of the checklist found in Appendix A of this manual This inspection includes A Compliance with the Recordkeeping and Reporting section of the Department s CEM Manual B Compliance with the data validation and reduction procedures in the Quality Assurance section of the CEM Manual C Searching for emission rate averages more than twice or less than half the daily standard occurring on a frequent basis 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page 3 D Reviewing the record of routine and corrective maintenance 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page 4 LEVEL III ANALYZER PERFORMANCE AUDIT CONDUCTED AT SPECIFIED FREQUENCIES OR AS REQUIRED Two or three levels of calibration gas or neutral density filter are selected that are within the normal operating ranges of the source for each analyzer The gases or filters are introduced as close as possible to the point of sample acquisition The certified values of the reference materials are compared to company CEM results Any problems are determined and the company is directed to make necessary corrections The appropriate Regional Office is notified of the audit results and any required retesting by
19. atter and or absorb some of that light The returning light falls on a detector and is compared to the intensity of original light Opacity is the percentage of light energy lost while transmittance is that portion that passes through the dust INTERFERANTS Condensed water vapor COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Transceiver Chapper Retroreflector Light Source Detector EXAMPLES Lear Siegler RM 41 Rosemount OPM 2000 Dynatron 1100 MAJOR VARIATIONS The Rosemount analyzer uses LCD windows that can produce multiple opacities instead of optical filters for calibration 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 13 Single Pass Transmissometry ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Single Pass Transmissometry COMMON NAMES Opacity Analyzer OPERATING PRINCIPLE A beam of light is projected across the stack or duct to a detector The amount of light reaching the detector is the transmittance which can easily be converted to the opacitance amount lost More difficult than a double pass analyzer to calibrate due to the detector being across the stack Some method of getting a zero value to the detector must be provided INTERFERANTS Condensed water vapor COMPONENTS DIAGRAM TRANSMITTER RECEIVER Detector EXAMPLES Dynatron 301 Datatest 900 MAJOR VARIATIONS A new analyzer offered by KVB model MIP LM3086EPA uses low wattage laser in place of the usual light source
20. audit and all equations and constants currently in use by the data acquisition system The Regional Office and the company will be notified of the audit results any problems requiring company correction and any appropriate retesting that should be required If retesting is required the results will be reviewed and the Regional Office notified of the outcome NOTE Opacity auditing has not been included in this description because it is currently performed only by Regional inspectors The method used is described in 40 CFR Part 60 Appendix B Method 9 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page 6 APPENDIX Guide These checklists are designed to be photocopied and carried into the field to provide a step by step guide for conducting a Level II audit However they cannot possibly be tailored to all systems and situations You are encouraged to research the company thoroughly before conducting any audit so that you may add or delete any appropriate entries Also the results of this audit should be kept for review to determine if any changes are made in the future If more checklists are developed they will be added when the manual is updated CHECKLISTS Continuous Emissions Montong eese ertet nnne 1 Coal Sampling Eee 5 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEM INSPECTION CHECKLIST Company Name Source s Monitored mem a a Installed by plant or vendor Applica
21. ble regulation Phase III completed Date and type of last performance specification test In situ or extractive Wet or dry basis Sampling location stack duct Flue dimensions at sampling location Cycle time sampling analyzing recording Any changes since last inspection explain on back 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page A 1 Single or multiple sample points Distance from inner wall If insitu monitor pathlength If dilution extractive what is dilution ratio Replacement rate of filters of lamps Operational status SAMPLE TRANSPORT amp CONDITIONING System heated or unheated Any visible moisture in lines Sample flowrate Seal amp insulation condition Condenser type amp condition Final filter condition Ambient temperature CALIBRATION SYSTEM Are span zero gases or filters NIST traceable Value of span gas or filter Value of zero gas or filter Certification date of gas or filter Cylinder pressure Frequency of zero amp span checks Automatic or manual 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page A 2 ANALYZERS Climate controlled location Analytical technique Range Output signal V mV mA Serial number Current time concentration Electronic Check completed DATA RECORDING Operational status Current emission rate Strip chart available Analyzer output DAS Operators know drift limits DATA REDUCTION Type of average
22. d and reaches the sensing electrode An oxidation reduction reaction with the electrode material takes place and electrons flow through the electrode to the resistor where the current is measured Once reaching the counter electrode they again join a reaction involving the electrode the electrolyte and the byproducts of the first reaction The electrolyte is not expected to last and must be replaced regularly if consistent results are desired INTERFERANTS The sample gas must be well conditioned as particulate and condensed moisture will rapidly foul the membrane COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Sample In Sample Membrane gt Resistor Sensing Electrode Electrolyte Counter Electrode EXAMPLES MAJOR VARIATIONS There are currently no permanently installed analyzers of this type in the state but portable ones may be set up for temporary use 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 3 Fluorescence ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE F luorescence COMMON NAMES UV Fluorescence Pulsed Fluorescence OPERATING PRINCIPLE UV light from 190 230 nm is focused into a chamber containing sample gas SO molecules absorb that energy and then give it off again at a different wavelength The fluorescence is measured by a photo multiplier tube and related to the total UV energy input to give a concentration of SO INTERFERANTS Any large Hydrocarbon molecule could interfere but may be controlled by the use of a Hyd
23. e record for preventive and corrective maintenance Determine the possible effect on previously reported data 3 Check for compliance with the data validation and reduction procedures in the Quality Assurance section of the Manual 4 Check for unusual less than half or more than twice the daily standard emission rate averages which occur on a frequent basis 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page A 8 APPENDIX B Guide This Appendix contains specific checklists for various models of analyzers They are arranged alphabetically by manufacturer and include electronic checkpoints with expected values where available Plant personnel or the plants contractors are to perform the checks when requested by DEP personnel Completed checklists should be maintained by the Regional Office If the CEMSs to be audited include analyzers for which no checklist is included in this Appendix request a checklist from the owner or operator of the source the owner or operator of the source will obtain the checklist from the analyzer vendor 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Contraves Model 400 CONTRAVES Model s 400 Value Comment Analyzer Output Voltage ren 22 2 ee Chart Recorder Voltage eee if used Full Scale Voltage 025 LLL Zero Offset Chart Speed Stack Dimensions Monitor Pathlength M Stack Exit Diameter S Stack Taper Ratio M S Preset Ratio Remote Control Unit Optional Fault lamp indications
24. each composite sample for BTU Ib for Sulfur Calibration error for 96 sulfur analysis checked at a minimum of every seven days Value of calorimeter water equivalent checked at a minimum of every seven days Response time of system 168 hours Emission rate results appear to be normal for the source Operators aware of validation criteria If coal laboratory is not located on site you may not be able to complete this section Company may perform duplicate analyses for BTU Ib at a reduced rate random 10 of daily samples only upon approval by the Department DATA INSPECTION Record the following Comments Malfunctions in air pollution control equipment Malfunctions in monitoring system Does the source have a preventative maintenance program Spare parts inventory system maintained History of failure on any components maintained History of repairs alterations etc Stored data identified labeled accessed and retrieved easily Written procedure for data reduction Written procedure for review of reduced data Quarterly excess emissions reported 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page A 7 RECORDS REVIEW Obtain access to the company s monitoring data file Check the data from the previous and current quarters for the items listed below Notify the company of the need to correct any deficiencies 1 Check for compliance with the Recordkeeping and Reporting section of the Manual 2 Check th
25. eading to BARO between 500 and 800 mm Hg average barometric pressure at measurement point Subheading to BWA between 01 and 05 HO 2 Subheading to FDX10 700 2000 FWX10 700 2000 FC 500 3000 choose as appropriate Fd Fw Fc These entries are only needed if UNICON is converting raw ppm to Ib MBtu Observe the display What channels are displayed 805 NO SO Ib NO Ib TEMP Depress the CHECK CAL button in the lower left hand corner of the display unit Allow the calibration process to proceed through completion No errors should be displayed Errors Displayed a If yes explain 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 17 GE Reuter Stokes Model Stack Tracker 20001 GE REUTER STOKES Model s STACK TRACKER 2001 Analyzer Serial Number Controller Settings Calibration Coefficients ________ Al _ AS 2 22122 Delta Z S Gain Readings Internal Gain External Gain Detector Output Refer to section 7 D 5 of the Operation and Maintenance Manual for procedure TP4 VAC Diagnostic Checks Refer to section 3 B 2 of the Operation and Service Manual for procedure Mode 1 Other 222 2 Mode 2 EENEG Mode 3 OK o Other 1 Mode 4 OK EE EEGEN Main Power Supply 5 VDE 12 12 _____ 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 18 12 VDC 24 VDC 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 19 Rose
26. ects in several types of analyzers In one the flow of O molecules over a heated coil will cause a change in its electrical resistance in another differing partial pressures an uneven magnetic field cause changes in the field itself swinging a dumbbell shaped object suspended there a third measures the unbalanced flow of entering a chamber from two sides with O in the sample gas being attracted to one side INTERFERANTS NO or NO in high concentrations COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Dumbbell type detector Controller Magnets Detector Light Source EXAMPLES Servomex 1420 Rosemount 755R Hartmann amp Braun 21113 MAJOR VARIATIONS Described above 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 9 Second Derivative Ultraviolet Spectroscopy ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Second Derivative Ultraviolet Spectroscopy COMMON NAMES 2nd Derivative UV OPERATING PRINCIPLE This method builds on the previously described Non Dispersive UV detectors but adds two more functions These analyzers were developed for ambient use where concentrations are extremely low and measuring the absorption of one wavelength directly is difficult to do Instead these detectors vary the wavelength over a short region i e 217 8nm 219 2nm and then derive the rate of change in absorption 2 derivative The results are proportional to the concentration of the gas INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Hardware identic
27. efully chosen and the gas stream to be sampled thoroughly profiled COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Automated Sample Injector Heated Enclosure Detector Electronics TC FID FPD etc Packed Column or Capillary Tube EXAMPLES ABB Vista and 3100 Foxboro 931C Applied Automation Optichrome MAJOR VARIATIONS Almost every component of a GC is variable but all follow the same basic layout 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 24
28. f certain analyzers for the benefit of Bureau and Regional Office personnel responsible for conducting the audit activities From time to time the manual must be revised in order to include information for new analyzer types or to reflect changes in the audit procedures used by the Bureau and Regional Offices APPLICABILITY Personnel of the Bureau s Continuous Emission Monitoring Section and of the Regional Offices who are responsible for conducting quality assurance auditing procedures at facilities operating continuous emission monitoring systems will use this document as a guide to conducting the activities DISCLAIMER The policies and procedures outlined in this guidance document are intended to supplement existing requirements Nothing in the policies or procedures shall affect regulatory requirements The policies and procedures herein are not an adjudication or a regulation There is no intent on the part of the Department to give these rules that weight or defence This document establishes the framework within which DEP will exercise its administrative discretion in the future DEP reserves the discretion to deviate from this policy statement if circumstances warrant PAGE LENGTH 62 LOCATION Vol 02 Tab 39 274 0300 003 March 11 2000 CONTENTS Introduction Appendices Appendix A Generalized checklists for CEMSs and CSASs Appendix B Electronics checklists for analyzers Appendix C 274 0300 003 March
29. g Outputs Verify that one of the output VARIABLES is opacity OP what TYPE of signal V mA is being sent and what RANGE is set 100 00 VARS _ V mA RANGE 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 22 Servomex Models 1400B 1490 SERVOMEX Model s 1400B 1490 Model 1400B Oxygen Analyzer Observe the following indicator lights Flow Indication Steady red on alarm condition Cell Heater Blinking orange normal Constant orange or unlit alarm condition Verify the 4 20 mA output On back of instrument measure voltage on connector SK5 pin 5 negative and pin 12 positive The output should be according to the following formula in a calibration sample 96 full scale range X 16 4 Model 1490 Carbon Monoxide Analyzer Verify analyzer is not flashing 1999 on front panel display indicates off scale reading Verify the 4 20 mA output On back of instrument measure voltage at TP9 positive and TP4 negative The output should be according to the following formula ppm CO in a calibration sample ppm CO full scale range X 16 4 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 23 Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc Model 42 THERMO ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS INC Model s 42 The model 42 has eight Entry Push buttons on the lower right hand side that allow various analyzer functions to be set and adjusted Beneath the row of buttons are four thumbwheels tha
30. mount Model OPM 2000 ROSEMOUNT Model s OPM 2000 At the Control Room Unit display the following menus Data Menu Submenus AVERAGES Up to 12 different parameters may be averaged here in the following format AV 1 60 Parameter Value mg m Opacity extinction etc number of minutes average The important numbers here are the averaging periods set up for opacity These numbers are fed to the DAS and should meet our requirements for data handling VOLTS Four voltages are shown the important one being the V lamp reading This should be consistent with previous readings and sufficient to not cause an alarm below CURRENT VALUES Insure that Opacity and Trans add up to 100 note V stack DIAGNOSTIC Note the following Blower ON OFF Lamp ON OFF Alarm 1 ON OFF Alarm 2 ON OFF Alarm 3 ON ____ OFF Alarm 4 ON ____ OFF Calibrate Menu Submenus REFERENCE VOLTS These establish the minimum and maximum values possible 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 20 V stack 0 V Voltage value at 0 opacity V stack 1 V Voltage value at 100 opacity 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 21 LAST CAL TIME Self explanatory LAST CAL DATE Self explanatory Setup Menu Ratio of exit Ix diameter to monitor pathlength It diameter verify this by measurement or blueprints Time Current hour and minutes Date Month day and year Analo
31. nducting a Level II inspection Descriptions of the three other audits have also been included for reference It is recommended that prior to visiting a company to conduct an inspection or audit the company be contacted informed of the purpose of the visit and requested to have the necessary personnel and information available at the time of the visit Copies of the appropriate checklists may be forwarded to the company prior to visiting Any questions or comments related to the use or improvement of this manual would be greatly appreciated and should be directed to the Bureau of Air Quality Continuous Emission Monitoring Section 12th fl RCSOB Harrisburg Pa 17105 717 787 6547 Related environmental information is available electronically via the Internet Access the DEP Web Site at http www dep state pa us choose Information by Environmental Subject choose Air Quality 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page 1 LEVEL I EMISSIONS REPORT REVIEW CONDUCTED QUARTERLY The emissions reports are checked for general compliance in both format amp content against the requirements of the Recordkeeping and Reporting section of the Departments Continuous Source Monitoring Manual Both the company and the Regional Office are notified of any discrepancies requiring correction by the company The emissions reports are then processed through the CEM Data Processing System CEMDPS according to the procedures specified in the CEMDPS M
32. ne analyzer being tracked in Pennsylvania 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 5 Infrared Gas Filter Correlation ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Infrared Gas Filter Correlation COMMON NAMES IRGFC OPERATING PRINCIPLE Infrared light passes through the sample cell then through a filter cell filled with a high concentration of the gas of interest This filter is then exchanged for one containing none of that gas The differing levels of light absorption at a particular wavelength indicate the concentration The order of components may be rearranged Multiple gases can be measured with one analyzer by including various gas filters in the design INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Som en Detector IR Light 2 P of Source gt e d Filter Wheel Chopper EXAMPLES Thermo Environmental Instruments 41 amp 48 Perkin Elmer MCS 100 Servomex 1490 MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 6 Non Dispersive Infrared ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Non Dispersive Infrared COMMON NAMES NDIR OPERATING PRINCIPLE Sample gas is passed through a cell with clear windows at either end An infrared light source is filtered to allow only certain wavelengths to pass and they are projected through the cell The gas of interest absorbs these wavelengths and the intensity reaching a detector indicates the concentration INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Sample Sample in out IR Light
33. ng Value 00 _N A_ 07 10 hours 11 value 13 nominal value 33 hundredths 34 of entry 35 entry 36 entry 38 Hours 39 Minutes 51 2 69 Default N A 20 24 30 50 200 Description Normal Operating Mode High opacity alarm Auto Calibrate interval Zero Calibration nominal Span Calibration Current OPLR Current OPLR Month Current OPLR Day of Current OPLR Year of Current time of day Current time of day Opacity full scale output Zero Compensation 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 7 Lear Siegler Model RM 41 LEAR SIEGLER Model s RM 41 Internal Diameter at stack exit Lx Source of Information Internal Diameter at monitor location L Actual Measurement Ratio of Ly toL OPLR _ Blueprint Other Remote Control Unit Operate light illuminated Measurement Knob Position _ m TEE Opacity on meter Fault Lamps ON OFF Shutter Mu ces BIER BEER Reference DERE DL Window Over Range ____ Instrument Calibration Turn Measurement Knob to REFERENCE and record mA Turn Measurement Knob to 100 OPACITY Press the OPERATE CAL button on the control panel Record the opacity value on the meter and on the strip chart Turn Measurement Knob to COMP and record zero compensation or Turn Measurement knob to 100 OPACITY Press the ZERO SPAN button on the control panel Record the op
34. ng past the transducers The difference in times is used to calculate the velocity and with the stack dimensions allow calculation of the flow These units produce readings in Actual Cubic Feet per Minute ACFM on a wet basis In order to correct to standard conditions they must include a separate pressure sensor INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Transducer x NS X US M a Transducer EXAMPLES United Sciences Inc Ultraflow 100 SICK Optic Electronic Velos 500 MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 18 Vortex Flow ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Vortex Flow COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM EXAMPLES MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 19 Thermocouples ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Thermocouples COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE Two wires of different composition are joined at one end The Junction is placed in a heated environment and a voltage is measurable at the opposite ends This voltage is for the most part not linear to the temperature but can be graphed fairly accurately The composition of the wires determines what standardized type the thermocouple falls into i e type K is constructed of Chromel and Alumel type R of Platinum and Rhodium Those that use metal sheaths to protect the wires have the junction of the two wires isolated from it see diagram welded to it or protruding through it This will
35. rocarbon Kicker removal device upstream of the detector COMPONENTS DIAGRAM sample out sample UV in Lamp UV Detector pr o 214nm Filters EXAMPLES Thermo Environmental Instruments model 43 Western Research 721AT API model 152 MAJOR VARIATIONS Some models pulse the UV light in one chamber others have two chambers one for reference one for measurement 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 4 Ion Mobility Spectrometry ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE on Mobility Spectrometry COMMON NAMES None OPERATING PRINCIPLE Sample and carrier gas is forced through a membrane ionized by a weak radiation source and allowed to drift through an electrical field in a tube to a detector The different arrivals of the gas components are measured in time and intensity to produce a graph A microprocessor determines the concentration of Chlorine or Chlorine Dioxide and displays it on the front of the analyzer NOTE Several features help the analyzer to be specific the membrane is specially selected the polarity of the field can be biased the carrier gas can be doped to suppress interferants and the drift times of compounds are very specific INTERFERANTS Unknown COMPONENTS DIAGRAM sample Gas out Carrier Gas 63 Ni membrane E D xm Charged Grid Collector Plate EXAMPLES Environmental Technologies Group FP IMS MAJOR VARIATIONS This is the only Chlori
36. s inserted into the gas stream that has an exact size opening orifice Pressure is continuously measured on both sides of the plate That information plus the exact cross sectional area of the orifice is used to calculate the flow rate The pressure sensors are usually electronic INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM EXAMPLES MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 16 Thermal Mass Flow ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Thermal Mass Flow COMMON NAMES Hot wire anemometer OPERATING PRINCIPLE Gas molecules flowing past a heated wire carry away some of that energy The amount of current added to maintain a certain temperature in the wire is then related to the velocity of the gas flow Usually a temperature sensor next to the heated element provides feedback for controlling the temperature of the element One or multiple sensors can be installed INTERFERANTS COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Heated Element K y Temperature Probe Feedback Control EXAMPLES Kurz 455 amp EVA 4000 MAJOR VARIATIONS 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 17 Ultrasonic ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Ultrasonic COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE Two transducers are mounted on the stack on opposite sides at a 45 degree angle to the flow Ultrasonic pulses are alternately emitted and received by each The arrival time at the downstream unit is decreased while at the upstream unit it is increased due to the gas flowi
37. t are used to enter the values desired Only the STAT push button will be used at this time A series of 23 settings can be viewed by pushing the button an equal number of times Those settings listed below should be noted of pushes 1 2 10 11 12 13 14 16 20 Description Observed Normal Full PPB or Range NO PPM Range NO oe 4 Averaging time sec 2 10 300 sec Troubleshooting on off must be ON to continue Cooler Temperature C 3 C Converter Temperature _ 325 C Reaction Chamber Temp 2422 50 C NO zero correction 0000 220 lt 15 ppb NO zero correction lt 15 ppb NO span correction approx 1 000 NO balance factor approx 1 000 NO converter efficiency _ 1 11 1 96 102 Analog Zero Offset __ 1 Pressure temperature corr ___________ ON OFF 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 24 Thermo Environmental Instruments Inc Model 43B THERMO ENVIRONMENTAL INSTRUMENTS INC Model s 43B Similar to the model 42 described on the previous page the following list is the extended one past the first six or so normally accessible parameters Display Description Observed Normal b 0 000 Zero background correction ________ lt 0 030 ppm SF 1 000 Span Factor 2 22 1 000 Led oFF Ignore L 000 Lamp Voltage 0 02 lt 1200 V 00000 Lamp Intensity __ gt 10 000 Hz r c 00 0 Reaction Chamber temp __ approx 45
38. talysis ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Electrocatalysis COMMONNAMES Fuel Cell Zirconium Oxide Cell OPERATING PRINCIPLE A solid electrolyte commonly ZrO coated with platinum is maintained at approximately 850 deg C Sample gas is constantly flowed over one side while reference gas of high concentration is flowed over the other Ions move across the electrolyte in an attempt to reach equilibrium The voltage measured across the two sides and the partial pressure of the reference gas can be used to calculate the concentration of the sample gas INTERFERANTS Any gas combustible at or below 850 deg C will cause a false low reading for oxygen analyzers COMPONENTS DIAGRAM PROBE TIP Reference Gas 02 4 Reference Gas gt out 02 Platinum Zirconium Oxide 850 deg C EXAMPLES Monitor Labs model 1 5420 Dynatron model 401 Thermox WDG series MAJOR VARIATIONS Thermox models are extractive and have to be mounted on or very near the source to work properly Though most are for measuring oxygen insitu Westinghouse builds one that uses a Potassium Sulfate electrolyte to measure 50 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 2 Electrochemical Cell ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Electrochemical Cell COMMON NAMES OPERATING PRINCIPLE Sample gas enters the upper chamber where the gas of interest passes through a selectively permeable membrane Once through it diffuses across the electrolyte liqui
39. tate Tape 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Chemiluminescence ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE Chemiluminescence COMMON NAMES None OPERATING PRINCIPLE Light is produced in a chemical reaction which involves mixing NO with O to produce NO A particular wavelength band 600 900 is measured by a photo multiplier tube that produces a signal proportional to the concentration The reaction only works with NO so any NO in the sample must first be converted catalytically The O is generated inside the analyzer from dry air The NO to NO converter can usually be bypassed to allow measurement of only the existing NO This permits the calculation of NO and total NO in the sample NOTE Excess must be provided to the reaction chamber and sample flow must be carefully monitored in addition to the temperatures of the reaction chamber converter and catalyst INTERFERANTS Other NO molecules NO and Ammonia Ozone Generator COMPONENTS DIAGRAM Air Photo Multiplier Tube Sample P Converter Exhaust Y EXAMPLES API models 252 amp 200 Thermo Environmental Instruments models 42 amp IOAR MAJOR VARIATIONS Differences in ozone generators NO converters are common as are automatic switching methods between converters and bypasses Not as common is Dual Channel Analysis identical analyzers one with a converter the other without 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page C 1 Electroca
40. tch essen ae 5 1 position Verify the OPLR by measuring resistance across R6 on opacity card EE R6 resistance ohms Measured value 400 OPLR Compare previously calculated OPLR with that measured Replace opacity card and fuse Close control unit door 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 10 Lear Siegler Model CM50 LEAR SIEGLER Model s CM50 Remote Control Unit Indicator Lights ON OFF Hi Low Cal Temp Fault Range Indicator Range 2222 0 2 5 2222 0 10 CN 0 25 Alarm Indicator High Low Calibration Switch Low High Operate _ Meter Reading 006 Internal Span Values ______ Low High Verify by turning calibration switch to either Hi or Low position note both control units must have identical calibration switch settings Control Unit Power Indicator Light ____On Off Range Switch 0 2 5 0 10 0 25 Remote Calibration Switch Low High Auto Remote ____ Off Reference Gas Flow scfh Calibration Gas Flow scfh Temperature Fault Indicator Light On Off 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 11 Depress Temperature Fault Indicator note meter reading 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 12 Lear Siegler Model SM810 LEAR SIEGLER Status Lights SO NO Operational Zero Span Alert High System Fault Scanner Ref Operate Heater Request Cal METER SELECT knob position SO ON Ref Input __ Low 5 Model s SM81
41. ue 07 measurement 08 nominal Value 09 measurement 13 14 15 25 26 28 rate 45 46 47 Entering 12 in location 15 will allow access to location 16 99 Ly pathlength at stack exit L pathlength at monitor Fault Codes 1 2 Value Default _N A__ N A 20 24 10 10 100 2 N A N A N A Retroreflector air flow switch circuit open Transceiver air flow switch circuit open 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 5 Description Normal Operating Mode ALARM limit Auto Calibration interval Zero Calibration nominal Previous Zero Span Calibration Previous Span Power Supply check Fault Codes see below Unlock 16 99 Factor Units L L Factor Tenths Calibration Correction Clock seconds Clock minutes Clock hours Both weather cover air flow circuits open Main lamp intensity out of tolerance RAM did not survive a power outage Refresh required Scale or Bias error Software error 128 Software error Multiple fault codes are possible The number displayed will be the addition of all codes 274 0300 003 September 30 1999 Page B 6 LEAR SIEGLER Lear Siegler Model LS541 Model s LS541 Similar to the 1100M and MC2000 the only difference is in the assignment of switch location functions No Fault code list is available but it is probably similar to the other models Setti
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