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A/HRC/17/29/Add.1 - Office of the High Commissioner for Human

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1. counties of Hargita Covasna and Mures 800 000 Hungarians were reported to live in the Szeklerland region 84 It was reported that important decisions were taken by the Romanian State without adequate consultation and with the aim of keeping the Szeklerland region economically dependent on the central government as well as to change the ethnic composition of the area and to assimilate its Hungarian minority Strategies such as militarization of the region or the restructuring of the Romanian electoral system and shrinking the participation of a Hungarian political party in the national government were claimed to be part of a plan of marginalization and intimidation of the Hungarian community Languages planning policies and restrictions on access to the educational system for members of the Hungarian minority were allegedly a further attempt by the Romanian State to isolate the ethnic Hungarian inhabitants of Szeklerland 85 It was further alleged that language tests designed for native Romanian speakers restricted the possibility for Hungarian pupils to move to higher education The number of pupils educated in Hungarian is said to be 6 58 in kindergartens and 3 97 in high schools It was claimed that this explained the high number of Hungarian native pupils failing to continue their studies 86 It was reported that the Hungarian community was underrepresented in the Romanian higher education system Out of the 6 6 of the total Hungarian po
2. 1 8 According to information received proposed educational reforms in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture stipulated that all subjects previously taught in both Chinese Mandarin and Tibetan languages would in future be taught only in Chinese except for Tibetan language classes In addition the educational reforms would allegedly result in a Chinese only curriculum and that all textbooks would be in the Mandarin Chinese language only Under a policy of bilingual education in the regions lessons had previously been conducted in both languages and textbooks available in Tibetan and Chinese According to the information provided such reforms were underway and had already been implemented in some parts of the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture including Gansu province Reportedly no consultation had been held with the affected communities and under instruction from provincial authorities Tibetan teachers had been required to attend workshops on the change of the medium of instruction from Tibetan to Chinese 9 According to the information received such alleged restrictions on the use of the Tibetan language in schools would have a negative impact on those of Tibetan origin and the preservation and promotion of the Tibetan language generally Concerns related to the impact of the education reforms on the education outcomes as well as to access to their cultural heritage of children whose mother tongue language was Tibetan Those children had benefit
3. 20 Se alega que la sanci n de la Resoluci n 5443 conllevar a la desaparici n de la formaci n inicial de algunos t tulos de pregrado por ejemplo la formaci n de los educadores especiales y comunitarios los educadores rurales y campesinos y los pedagogos sociales y reeducativos Estos educadores tienen la responsabilidad de formar a las personas con limitaciones o capacidades excepcionales a los adultos a los grupos tnicos a los trabajadores rurales y campesinos y a los individuos que necesitan rehabilitaci n social de acuerdo con el T tulo HI de la Ley General de Educaci n 21 La informaci n llegada a mi atenci n indica que la formaci n de educadores sociales y especiales quedar a relegada a la educaci n superior terciaria la cual es una oferta opcional temporal y adicional a la formaci n docente preescolar primaria y secundaria Consecuentemente la Resoluci n 5443 convertir a a la formaci n de profesionales id neos para la educaci n de las poblaciones previamente mencionadas en una opci n y no en un deber de las instituciones universitarias 22 Seg n los informes recibidos la Resoluci n desfavorecer a la formaci n inicial de alta calidad de profesionales id neos de la educaci n para personas marginadas discriminadas y con debilidades manifiestas y de tal manera contraviene el derecho a la igualdad y a la protecci n especial de estas mismas personas Comunicaci n recibida 23 Mediante comunicaci n dat
4. JRC would be supplementing its educational programme with a type of therapy known as aversive therapy which would include electric shocks physical means of restraint and food rewards as measures to punish students and encourage change in behaviour 110 Electric shocks would be administered by a remote controlled device manufactured by the Centre referred to as Graduated Electronic Decelerator and it would be carried by students in a backpack with electrodes attached to the skin The electric shocks will be reportedly applied on the legs arms soles of their feet finger tips and torsos The intensity of the shocks would be such that they would produce blisters on the skin 17 A HRC 17 29 Add 1 18 111 The JRC would also use physical means of restraint also referred to as limitation of movement including shackles and isolation rooms Physical restraint would reportedly be used in combination with electric shocks In such instances children and young adults would be tied down while receiving the electric shocks Moreover it has been reported that JRC s staff practice mock assaults on students to provoke unacceptable behaviour which would then justify the use of electric shock treatment 112 According to the information received food rewards would also be used by the JRC to encourage behavioural change The Contingent and Specialized Food Programmes would imply the administration of the main meals of the d
5. in its student population and return its school buildings of which 82 per cent currently function on a double shift basis to single shift schools 80 As of September 2010 UNRWA has received approval from the Government of Israel to proceed with the building of only eight out of the 100 schools required Observation 81 The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the finalization of the report the Government has not transmitted any reply to his communication Romania Communication sent 82 On 3 August 2010 the Special Rapporteur on the right to education and the Independent Expert on minority issues sent a joint allegation letter to the Government of Romania concerning alleged discrimination against members of the Hungarian minority including in the Romanian education system in particular alleged attempts to disrupt the educational opportunities available to the Hungarian community in Szeklerland and the under representation of the Hungarian community in higher education 83 According to the information received The Hungarian national minority of Szeklerland a region in eastern Transylvania had been facing several forms of discrimination including denial of access to some of its economic social and cultural rights and attempts to assimilate them into the Romanian society The ethnic Hungarian minority which was said to number more than 1 5 million people was mainly concentrated in the 13 A HRC 17 29 Add 1 14
6. protests had been described as peaceful and to date there had been no reports of clashes between demonstrators and police or arrests Response received 11 On 18 November 2010 the Government replied to the urgent appeal sent on 22 October 2010 The Chinese Government indicated that it had carefully looked into the matter referred to in the communication and wished to make the following reply 12 China s Constitution the Law on Regional National Autonomy the Education Law and the Law on the National Language and its Writing all contain clear provisions with regard to the teaching of written and spoken language The Chinese Constitution clearly stipulates that the language in common use throughout the country shall be popularized this is done because of the existence of many ethnic and local languages just as it is done in countries with numerous ethnic groups the world over The Chinese Constitution further stipulates people of all nationalities have the freedom to use and develop their own spoken and written languages while the Law on National Regional Autonomy and relevant local and autonomous legislation also contain provisions that are even more detailed and specific A HRC 17 29 Add 1 13 The vigorous development of education in minority languages through bilingual education in minority areas has long been one of China s policies Bilingual education in China has been developed extensively through more than a half cent
7. retenues sur traitement pour service non fait 42 En effet la qualit de fonctionnaire des directeurs d coles publiques leur impose de respecter les dispositions de la loi no 83 634 du 13 juillet 1983 modifi e portant droits et obligations des fonctionnaires et celles du d cret no 82 122 du 24 f vrier 1989 modifi relatif aux directeurs d cole dont les fonctions d finies l article 2 de ce d cret recouvrent pr cis ment la gestion administrative et p dagogique des l ves Cette jurisprudence constante du Conseil d Etat est bien entendu reprise par les tribunaux administratifs notamment dans deux r cents jugements en date du 3 d cembre 2009 du tribunal administratif d Orl ans no 0703052 et no 0702611 43 Ainsi un directeur d cole ne peut refuser de mettre en oeuvre une instruction individuelle manant de son autorit hi rarchique directe en l esp ce l inspecteur d acad mie directeur des services d partementaux de l ducation nationale IA DSDEN Ce principe constant a t pr cis dans un arr t du Conseil d Etat en date du 17 octobre 1962 Section Sieur Princeteau publi au recueil des d cisions page 556 44 Dans le d partement de l Is re Mmes Heurtier et Arthaud MM Didier Riallian et Duckit directeurs d cole ont re u un courrier en date du 9 novembre 2009 dans lequel l inspecteur d acad mie directeur des services d partementaux de l ducation nationale leur demandai
8. these cases or in some cases had been the aggressors Response received 89 On 1 October 2010 the Government of Romania replied to the joint allegation letter sent on 3 August 2010 90 The Government response explained that according to article 6 of the Romanian Constitution the State recognized and guaranteed the right of persons belonging to national minorities to the preservation development and expression of their ethnic cultural linguistic and religious identity Whilst strengthening the legal and institutional system for the protection of national minorities the Romanian authorities have also promoted concrete measures in the social cultural administrative educational judicial and mass media fields These special measures taking the shape of affirmative action were aimed at reducing any A HRC 17 29 Add 1 disadvantages and vulnerabilities by guaranteeing equality in the enjoyment of fundamental rights of all persons belonging to the 20 national minorities in Romania 91 The Government informed that according to the census of 2002 Hungarians represent 6 6 of the population being the largest minority group in the country The next census would take place in 2011 According to the census the Hungarians group included the identification of Szeklers and Csango The official data indicates that Hungarians are mainly concentrated in the counties of Harghita and Covasna It also indicated that a so called Szerkerland
9. with the exception of the Romanian language and literature It also informed that the school syllabi were elaborated for all minorities and they can benefit from textbooks in their languages All national exams graduation lower and upper secondary schools and university admittance can also be taken in the language of national minorities 99 The Government indicated that Education in Hungarian is provided in 19 different counties at the undergraduate and tertiary levels It provided detailed statistics regarding the number of units of the school network with teaching in Hungarian at all levels It concluded that the school network in Hungarian has dynamically developed but that the number of students had decreased because of the general democratic decline It also indicates that relevant authorities have to find solutions given the difficulty to maintain in certain cases separate classes for a small number of children It further indicated that 86 9 out of the total number of Hungarian pupils passed the high school enrolment examination and 84 06 passed the upper secondary school leaving examination in 2009 100 With regard to continuous education for teachers of minority language education units the Government indicates it remains under attention of authorities 35 continuing education courses were provided and 1959 Hungarian teaching staff received this type of training 101 With regard to higher education the Government stated that ther
10. 35 Cependant l enregistrement dans Base l ves ler degr de donn es relatives la nationalit de l l ve sa date d arriv e en France sa langue et culture d origine ainsi qu ses besoins ducatifs particuliers avait pu susciter dans l esprit de certains enseignants ou parents d l ves l inqui tude que l application soit utilis e d autres fins que la seule gestion des effectifs scolaris s 36 Deux d clarations modificatives sont intervenues les 19 f vrier 2008 et 3 d cembre 2008 pour tenir compte des craintes qui se sont exprim es l occasion de la mise en uvre exp rimentale de la version initiale de l application Base l ves ler degr Ces A HRC 17 29 Add 1 a inqui tudes n ont plus lieu d tre puisque toutes les donn es voqu es au paragraphe pr c dent ont t supprim es de la base 37 L application ainsi modifi e dans sa version d finitive conforme l arr t du 20 octobre 2008 a t g n ralis e fin 2008 l ensemble du territoire national 38 Cet arr t joint restreint les donn es enregistr es dans la Base l ves ler degr aux seuls l ments suivants l identification et les coordonn es de l l ve et de ses responsables l gaux ainsi que celles des autres personnes contacter en cas d urgence ou autoris es prendre en charge l l ve la sortie de l cole la scolarit de l l ve dates d in
11. United Nations A mrc 17 29 Add 1 SN General Assembl Distr General K y y 13 Mas 2011 gt English French Spanish only Human Rights Council Seventeenth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights civil political economic social and cultural rights including the right to development Report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to education Kishore Singh Addendum Communications sent to and replies received from States The present report is circulated as received GE 11 13206 Please recycle Oe A HRC 17 29 Add 1 Contents IL Paragraphs RE ATEO 1 6 Communications sent and replies from States 7 117 China People s Republic of sc henri ibn int tas apa 7 16 Colombia iii Rss 17 25 Frances hein maea iaa disnea rt Covent dvasteus dades dana di 26 67 Nid tt td castlanectedede dat detente 68 72 Irala 73 81 Romania inner iiinanete Bh hse Minna Bava cee vlan cobs nesters 82 107 United States of America see 108 116 Page DD a U WW W 12 12 13 17 A HRC 17 29 Add 1 IL Introduction 1 The present addendum to the report of the Special Rapporteur on the right to education contains on a country by country basis summaries of joint and individual letters of allegations and urgent appeals transmitted to States between 1st March 2010 and 29 April 2011 including communication sent by the previous mandate holder until 31 July 2010 as well as replies received be
12. ada del 21 de Octubre de 2010 el Gobierno contest a la comunicaci n enviada por el Relator Especial el 03 de Agosto de 2010 24 El Gobierno inform que el Ministerio de Educaci n Nacional reconociendo las implicaciones sociales y legales del art culo 3 de la Resoluci n 5443 en el 06 de agosto de 2011 expidi la Resoluci n 6966 la cual modifica la Resoluci n 5443 en su art culo 3 sobre denominaci n acad mica del programa y titulaci n y su articulo 6 relacionando con la practica pedag gica Observaciones 25 El Relator Especial agradece al Gobierno de Colombia por su respuesta France Communication envoy e 26 Le 23 avril 2010 le Rapporteur sp cial sur le droit l ducation conjointement avec la Rapporteuse sp ciale sur la situation des d fenseurs des droits de l homme et le Rapporteur sp cial sur les droits de l homme des migrants a envoy une lettre d all gation sur la situation de MM Claude Didier et R mi Riallan directeurs d coles dans le d partement de l Is re et de Mme Claudia Chiaramonti et de M Colin Sanchez directeurs d coles dans le d partement de Vaucluse ainsi que sur la mise en oeuvre du logiciel de A HRC 17 29 Add 1 donn es Base l ves premier degr au sein de l Education nationale MM Didier et Riallan ont fait l objet d une lettre d all gations envoy e au Gouvernement de votre Excellence par la Rapporteuse sp ciale sur la situation des d fenseu
13. adress es par les Rapporteurs sp ciaux n ont nullement t victimes de leur engagement pour la d fense des droits de l homme lesquels n taient nullement menac s Certains ont fait l objet de mesures comptable et administrative qui leur ont t appliqu es la suite de leur refus d accomplir les missions aff rentes leurs fonctions alors que les raisons qu ils mettaient en avant pour justifier cette abstention n taient nullement fond es au regard d une quelconque atteinte aux droits et libert s fondamentaux de la personne humaine D autres ont fait l objet d une mesure administrative classique en droit fran ais qui prend acte de leur refus d accomplir les missions aff rentes leurs fonctions Concernant le d p t de recours par les directeurs d cole concern s 55 Les directeurs d cole en cause dans le d partement de l Is re ont d pos des recours devant le tribunal administratif de Grenoble 56 A ce jour la seule d cision intervenue est l ordonnance en date du 9 juillet 2009 par laquelle le juge des r f r s a rejet la requ te de M Le Gall qui l avait saisi la suite de son retrait d emploi de direction En revanche la juridiction ne s est pas encore prononc e sur le fond 57 S agissant de la proc dure en cours devant le Conseil d Etat pr cit e le Conseil d Etat devrait effectivement se prononcer prochainement Le juge a proc d une enqu te la barre pour v rifier p
14. ar l agent de son service Une telle mesure entre dans le champ d application de l article 4 de la loi no 61 825 du 29 juillet 1961 portant loi de finances rectificative dont il r sulte que le traitement d un fonctionnaire peut tre r duit en l absence de service fait Elle est par ailleurs conforme a la jurisprudence constante du Conseil d Etat qui avait consid r dans un arr t du 14 novembre 1994 no 83880 in dit au recueil des d cisions que le droit 4 r mun ration des fonctionnaires est subordonn l ex cution d un service fait qu en l absence de service fait l autorit administrative tait tenue de suspendre le traitement de la personne concern e sans que cette d cision rev te le caract re d une sanction disciplinaire Dans deux arr ts r cents no 320035 du 16 d cembre 2009 et n 330073 du 17 mars 2010 in dits au recueil des d cisions le Conseil d Etat a rappel le caract re indivisible du trenti me du traitement mensuel appliqu en cas de service non fait par un fonctionnaire 47 Aucun retrait d emploi n a t envisag leur gard par l inspecteur d acad mie directeur des services d partementaux de l ducation nationale de l Is re pour les raisons suivantes Mme Artaud a fait savoir l autorit acad mique qu elle transmettait l inspecteur de l ducation nationale de sa circonscription les fiches de renseignements remplies par les responsables l gaux de se
15. ay into small portions of food that would be earned with the positive behaviour of the student during the meal Foods portions would be denied if students failed to behave during the meal Students under the contingent food programme are offered the possibility to make up for the meal at the end of the day while those under the specialized food programme will not be able to compensate the food they may have missed 113 The JRC s use of such methods as part of the aversive therapy to complement its educational programme has allegedly been reported to state regulatory bodies 114 Serious concern is expressed about the physical and mental integrity of the students residing at the Judge Rotenberg Centre who are children and young adults with mental disabilities In this connection serious concern is expressed about the use of electric shock therapy and physical means of restraint as part of the educational programme of the Centre and the fact that they can sometimes used in combination Moreover grave concern is expressed about the practice of food rewards to change behaviour which in some instances may lead to food deprivation Response received 115 By letter dated 28 06 2010 the Government of the United States of America acknowledged receipt of Joint Allegation Letter dated May 11 2010 regarding the Judge Rotenberg Center in Massachusetts which contains very serious allegations The United States Department of Justice has an op
16. ctions de directeur d cole la suite de leur refus d effectuer la saisie des donn es relatives leurs l ves dans la Base l ves 1 degr depuis la rentr e scolaire de septembre 2009 l inspecteur d acad mie directeur des services d partementaux de l ducation nationale du Vaucluse leur a inflig un bl me qui est une sanction disciplinaire pour refus persistant d appliquer les instructions de leur hi rarchie respectivement par d cisions des 10 d cembre 2009 et 2 avril 2010 53 Chacune de ces d cisions avait t pr c d e de courriers dans lesquels l autorit acad mique rappelait aux int ress s les obligations leur incombant au regard de cette saisie obligatoire telles quelles r sultent de la loi no 83 634 du 13 juillet 1983 modifi e L inspecteur d acad mie directeur des services d partementaux de l ducation nationale du Vaucluse qui est comp tent pour prendre cette sanction la prise en tenant compte du manquement manifeste des int ress s au devoir d ob issance hi rarchique pr vu l article 28 de la loi no 83 634 du 13 juillet 1983 pr cit e qui dispose que tout fonctionnaire doit se conformer aux instructions de son sup rieur hi rarchique sauf dans le cas o l ordre donn est manifestement ill gal et de nature compromettre gravement un int r t public ce qui n tait pas le cas en l esp ce 54 En conclusion les directeurs cit s dans les deux lettres
17. d opposition l enregistrement des donn es obligatoires pr cit es a t cart e pour viter de compromettre les finalit s assign es la Base l ves ler degr qui constitue un outil de pilotage des moyens allou s l enseignement du premier degr 62 A ce titre toutes les donn es caract re personnel enregistr es font l objet d une proc dure d anonymisation pr alablement au traitement statistique qui est mis en oeuvre au niveau des rectorats et des services centraux du minist re en vue d tablir en termes d effectifs des constats de rentr e et de pr visions pour la rentr e scolaire suivante Cette proc dure est conforme l article 6 de l arr t du 20 octobre 2008 63 Par ailleurs la conservation des donn es caract re personnel enregistr es n est nullement de trente cinq ann es comme l voque le rapport La dur e maximum de conservation de ces donn es n exc de pas en tout tat de cause le terme de l ann e civile an cours de laquelle l l ve n est plus scolaris dans le premier degr article 5 de l arr t du 20 octobre 2008 Concernant la scolarisation des enfants trangers 64 II convient de rappeler que la France accueille dans ses coles publiques tous les enfants pr sents sur le territoire national quelle que soit la situation de leurs parents au regard du droit au s jour 65 Les donn es caract re personnel enregistr es dans la Base l ves
18. e UNRWA has also been forced to resort to utilizing shipping containers as classrooms to accommodate additional students in particularly crowded areas 77 An estimated 40 000 Palestinian refugee children who are eligible to attend UNRWA schools are currently unable to either due to lack of available space or lack of schools within an appropriate distance UNRWA estimates that around 30 000 of these students enroll in Palestinian Authority or private schools many of which are even more overcrowded and in a worse state of physical disrepair than UNRWA schools An additional 10 000 refugee children cannot be accounted for in any formal education in Gaza and are therefore allegedly deprived of their right to education Many of these missing children reportedly are from families living in extreme poverty 78 The impact of increased overcrowding and worsening socio economic conditions is reportedly shown in UNRWA school results in Gaza with many students failing to achieve basic levels of numeracy and literacy In the 2010 unified examinations only 59 per cent and 47 per cent of fourth grade students passed their Arabic and mathematics exams respectively 79 UNRWA estimates a minimum of 100 new schools are required in order to meet the enrolment demands of the refugee children of Gaza and to return its schools to a single shift system The Palestinian Authority estimates that it would require 105 new schools in order to accommodate the growth
19. e were lines of study in Hungarian both in the public tertiary education system and the private one Within the University of Bucharest there is the Chair of Hungarology for those who wish to study Hungarian as a foreign language In June 2009 Sapientia University whose tuition is exclusively in Hungarian submitted a request for accreditation to the relevant state authorities By the end of 2009 several lines of study had been accredited During the 2007 2008 academic year 29 587 students studied in Hungarian within the public system of higher education They represented 5 71 of the total students in Romania 102 With regard to the allegation that language tests in Romanian restricted the possibility for Hungarian students to move to higher education the Government informed that even though the Romanian language was taught as a permanent subject during the whole period of schooling the system was still susceptible of improvements The inclusion of Romanian as a permanent subject was part of the constant dialogue between the authorities and the representatives of the national minorities In addition to State efforts in this area the Government said it was important that persons belonging to national minorities also worked towards avoiding linguistic isolationism or segregation on a linguistic basis 103 The Government added that as demonstrated by the indicator provided irrespective of certain aspects that could further be improved situatio
20. e wide range of issues encompassed by the right to education 4 Owing to restrictions on the length of documents the Special Rapporteur has considerably reduced the details of communications sent and received To the extent that his limited resources permit the Special Rapporteur continues to follow up on communications sent and to monitor the situation where no reply has been received or where questions remain outstanding 5 During the period under review the Special Rapporteur transmitted 7 communications to the Governments of 7 States China Colombia France India Israel Romania and United States of America 6 Five responses to these communications were received The Special Rapporteur regrets that some States failed to respond and thanks those which took the time and made the effort to provide replies which are reflected in the present report Communications sent and replies from States China People s Republic of Communication sent 7 On 22 October 2010 the Special Rapporteur on the right to education the Independent Expert in the field of cultural rights Special Rapporteur on Contemporary forms of racism racial discrimination xenophobia and related intolerance and Independent Expert on minority issues sent a joint urgent appeal to the Government of China regarding allegations relating to restrictions imposed on the use of the Tibetan language in schools in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of China A HRC 17 29 Add
21. en and ongoing investigation into possible violations of civil rights laws at the Judge Rotenberg Center When the investigation is completed the United States will be pleased to provide a response Observations 116 The Special Rapporteur would like to thank the Government for its reply
22. for the growth and development of minority students In Tibet and every autonomous Tibetan locality both Tibetan and Chinese are the languages of instruction in schools there are also where there is a need specialized Tibetan language schools where spoken and written Tibetan are used extensively The operation of bilingual schools is not intended to target any particular minority group nor is it intended to diminish the status of minority languages but rather enhances communication between all ethnic groups as well as the employment prospects and long term development of minority students It is also consistent with national legislation and in the interest of the masses 15 In October 2010 a few students from some schools in Qinghai held public demonstrations upon investigation it was determined that the main reason for the demonstrations was that the students had misunderstood the plan for reforming and strengthening bilingual education that had been proposed at the Qinghai education conference Following this incident the Qinghai provincial government and education authorities at all levels promptly met with students and teachers to publicize the State s minority education policy listening extensively to the views and opinions of teachers principals and students People from all ethnic groups as well as teachers and students gained a fuller understanding of the significance of bilingual education and the provincial government s pol
23. he same time the student population in UNRWA schools has risen dramatically both due to population growth and increased rate of transfers from Palestinian Authority schools where the quality of education and infrastructure is suffering significantly as a result of the occupation the blockade of Gaza and ongoing conflict Furthermore some 217 schools including 36 UNRWA schools and 60 kindergartens were damaged during the Israeli military s Operation Cast Lead between 28 December 2008 and 19 January 2009 76 At the start of the 2010 2011 school year UNRWA s student population in Gaza grew by 7 000 students to 213 000 In order to accommodate all of its students 90 per cent of UNRWA school buildings in Gaza are forced to operate on a double shift basis housing A HRC 17 29 Add 1 two separate schools with an average of around 1 000 pupils each With the increase of students at the commencement of the 2010 2011 school year even the double shift system has proven unable to accommodate the student population in UNRWA schools As a result for the 2011 2012 school year UNRWA will be forced to operate at least one to two rotating classes in each of its schools These students will not have an allocated classroom space and will only be able to learn in a classroom when their fellow students rotate out In some of UNRWA s classes three children are forced to sit at a desk built for two due to lack of available space and furnitur
24. icy in that area Today the matter has been resolved satisfactorily and the situation in the schools has quickly returned to normal Throughout these events no student who participated in the demonstration was arrested detained or charged with criminal acts Observations 16 The Special Rapporteur would like to thank the Government for its reply Colombia Comunicaci n enviada 17 El 3 de Agosto de 2010 el Relator Especial sobre el derecho a la educaci n env o una carta de alegaciones al Gobierno de Colombia sobre los impactos negativos causados por la Resoluci n 5443 sancionada por el Ministerio de Educaci n Nacional de Colombia el 30 de junio de 2010 Dicha Resoluci n define las caracter sticas de los programas de A HRC 17 29 Add 1 formaci n en Educaci n y determina que la formaci n en algunas modalidades de atenci n educativa a poblaciones espec ficas sea suministrada nicamente como postgrado opcional 18 De acuerdo con los informes recibidos El 30 de junio del corriente a o la actual Ministra de Educaci n Nacional Sra Cecilia V lez White firm la Resoluci n 5443 que en el Art culo 3 punto 4 resuelve que 19 Para las dem s modalidades de atenci n educativa a poblaciones se aladas en el T tulo MI de la Ley 115 de 1994 y en el Decreto 366 de 2009 o las normas que las sustituyan y en las dem s normas vigentes la formaci n de docentes se adelantar en programas de postgrado en educaci n
25. inority to social and economic opportunities available to the majority population 96 The education system for national minorities mirrors the general one It includes self standing educational units providing tuition exclusively in the mother tongue or bilingual educational units with departments in Romanian and in the language of national minorities The education system for national minorities benefits from qualified teachers who are in majority persons belonging to national minorities 15 A HRC 17 29 Add 1 16 97 The public education system is free of charge for all students The primary and secondary systems are organised in three different forms tuition in the mother tongue tuition partially in the mother tongue tuition in Romanian with the study of the mother tongue upon request Any pupil has the right to begin the study of his her mother tongue in any grade from the level of beginners or to join an existing more advanced study group after taking a language test 98 The Government informs that in schools providing education in languages of national minorities all subjects are taught on the mother tongue of pupils at primary level In the 8tn and 12 grades classes such as Romanian literature history and geography of Romania are provided in Romanian The Government also indicated that a draft law to be debated within Parliament proposes the study of all subjects in all grades in the undergraduate system in the mother tongue
26. ler degr sont donc strictement identiques pour tous les enfants nonobstant leur nationalit laquelle ne fait pas partie des donn es enregistr es dans l application 66 Par ailleurs l ensemble des donn es est transmis aux seuls destinataires pr vus dans cet arr t Ce n est que dans le cadre d une proc dure judiciaire que d autres personnes pourraient y avoir acc s sur r quisition du juge judiciaire Observations 67 Le Rapporteuse sp cial remercie le Gouvernement de sa r ponse 11 A HRC 17 29 Add 1 12 India Communication sent 68 On 15 July 2010 the Special Rapporteur on the right to education sent an allegation letter to the Government of India concerning the denial of the right to education to a disabled child 69 According to the information received Ms Devika Rotwan an 11 year old girl had been denied admission to the New English School a private school run by the Indian Education Society which feared that it would become a target of terrorist attack if she were admitted 70 It was reported that Ms Devika Rotwan was a key witness in the 2008 Mumbai terror attack trial She was injured in the cross fire during the incident at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus on the night of November 26 2008 71 The source mentioned that the newly enacted Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 prohibited any kind of denial on any ground The said Act ensured free and compulsory educa
27. lusieurs points Une r ponse a par ailleurs t r cemment apport e deux m moires en intervention volontaire manant d organisations syndicales A HRC 17 29 Add 1 c d Concernant la compatibilit de l arr t du 20 octobre 2008 avec la loi n 78 17 du 6 janvier 1978 modifi e 58 L arr t du 20 octobre 2008 est un acte r glementaire qui respecte les exigences de la loi no 78 17 du 6 janvier 1978 59 Les seules donn es 4 caract re obligatoire qui sont enregistr es visent comme il a t dit plus haut assurer la gestion des l ves et tablir un suivi des effectifs dans l ensemble des coles Une notice d information annex e la fiche de renseignements est remise par le directeur d cole aux parents 60 S il est vrai que le ler alin a de l article 38 de la loi du 6 janvier 1978 permet aux personnes physiques de s opposer pour des motifs l gitimes 4 ce que des donn es qui les concernent fassent l objet d un traitement le dernier alin a de ce m me article pr voit que ce droit peut tre cart par une disposition expresse de l acte autorisant le traitement ce qui est le cas en l esp ce l article 9 de l arr t du 20 octobre 2008 dispose que le droit d opposition pr vu l article 38 de la loi du 6 janvier 1978 ne s applique pas au traitement pr vu par le pr sent arr t 61 La facult de permettre aux responsables l gaux des l ves d exercer leur droit
28. n which is also applicable to the education system for the majority of the population one could not assert that the right to all A HRC 17 29 Add 1 levels of education of persons belonging to the Hungarian minority was breached or impeded upon in Romania 104 With regard to allegations on the lack of support to some academic careers the Government highlights that existing universities provided education in the Hungarian language for a wide range of specialisation academic programmes which allowed for a fairly adequate variety of options In accordance with international recommendations in the field of tertiary education the Ministry for education had constantly pleaded for extending the multicultural educational structures aiming at a genuine intersection of cultures which is the opposite of a segregation model on ethnic lines 105 As a general rule specializations in the higher education system were created based on an estimated demand Given trends in the higher education and students preferred choices in terms of academic fields certain specializations had experienced cutbacks not only in the education system for national minorities but also in the national education system 106 The Government finally mentioned the special case of Babes Bolyai University which has developed a multicultural and multilingual educational programme The system set up by the University ensured complete education in Romanian Hungarian German a
29. nale pour demander un poste d enseignant en vue de la rentr e scolaire 2010 ce qu ils ont fait 49 La proc dure mise en oeuvre par l autorit acad mique respecte strictement les dispositions r glementaires fix es l article 11 du d cret du 24 f vrier 1989 pr cit qui dispose que les instituteurs nomm s dans l emploi de directeur d cole peuvent se voir retirer cet emploi par l inspecteur d acad mie directeur des services d partementaux de l ducation nationale dans l int r t du service apr s avis de la commission administrative A HRC 17 29 Add 1 10 b paritaire d partementale unique comp tente l gard des instituteurs et des professeurs des coles 50 La d cision de retrait de l emploi de direction MM Didier et Riallan est donc r glementairement fond e Elle ne constitue pas par ailleurs une mesure disciplinaire mais une mesure prise dans l int r t du service notion conforme la jurisprudence du Conseil d Etat arr t no 88993 du 27 janvier 1993 Ministre de l ducation nationale c Mlle Gaujac 51 Le cas de M Le Gall qui avait galement refus de renseigner la Base l ves 1 degr avait t r gl avant la rentr e scolaire de septembre 2009 dans les m mes conditions que ceux de MM Didier et Riallan 52 Pour ce qui concerne Mme Claudia Chairamonti et M Colin Sanchez affect s dans une cole classe unique et assurant les fon
30. pulation only 4 4 had access to higher education and only 1 6 wass allegedly allowed to study in its mother tongue Students were often obliged to study in the Romanian language given the low number of Hungarian teaching staff According to reports the Romanian Government had merged the Hungarian language Bolyai University with the Romanian language Babes University and as such eliminated almost entirely the possibilities of education in Hungarian language 87 It was also alleged that Hungarian language higher education was not adequately financed by the Romanian Government in many essential fields such as Engineering Sciences Veterinary Medicine or Agriculture Currently there were only two Hungarian language universities both entirely financed by the Hungarian State Given these restrictions a very limited range of academic subjects was taught In addition Hungarian courses were available at only three Romanian universities where the establishment of new Hungarian faculties had recently been impeded despite the overwhelming demands of the Hungarian staff 88 According to information received tensions between communities had been amplified by ethnic violence against Hungarians in Romania It was alleged that a succession of violent attacks had taken place in recent months in which Hungarians were attacked and verbally and physically abused allegedly for publicly speaking Hungarian It was alleged that the authorities disregarded
31. region is not recognized officially and there was also never any administrative territorial unit in the country with this name Thus no statistical data can be provided in connection to this region 92 The Government provided extensive information denying allegations of discrimination against minorities in the political life and administration both at national and local levels providing specific examples on the participation of Hungarian minorities in public affairs It also informed that public servants as well as the judiciary were able to communicate in minority languages when required It indicated that minorities participated in cultural life and that the Government deliberately promoted a climate of tolerance and mutual understanding With regard to alleged violence against Hungarians the Government replied that during the last decade discrimination against national minorities had not taken violent forms and provided extensive information about mechanisms to protect victims of discrimination 93 With regard to education the Government indicated that the legal framework of the national system encompassed provisions of the Constitution the Education Law no 94 1995 as amended other laws and governmental ordinances aw well as policy decisions issued by the Ministry of Education Research and Youth MERY One of MERY s priorities in the context of the last years reforms of education was the promotion and development of cultural dive
32. rs des droits de l homme le Rapporteur sp cial sur les droits de l homme des migrants et le Rapporteur sp cial sur le droit l ducation le 10 d cembre 2009 27 Selon les nouvelles informations re ues le 30 mars 2010 l issue d une r union de la Commission administrative paritaire d partementale MM Didier et Riallan auraient t d mis de leurs fonctions de directeurs d coles par l inspectrice d acad mie de l Is re suite a leur refus d enregistrer les l ves de leurs tablissements dans le fichier informatique Base l ves premier degr Il est all gu que leur refus serait motiv par le fait que la Base l ves premier degr cr e par l arr t du 20 octobre 2008 serait contraire au droit des enfants et de leurs familles au respect de leur vie priv e 28 Il est galement all gu qu un blame aurait t inflig Mme Chiaramonti et M Sanchez par l inspecteur d acad mie de Vaucluse pour les m mes motifs 29 Des craintes sont exprim es quant au fait que les retraits de postes de MM Didier et Riallan et les bl mes inflig s Mme Chiaramonti et M Sanchez soient li s leurs activit s non violentes de promotion et de protection des droits de l homme notamment du droit au respect de la vie priv e Des craintes sont galement renouvel es quant la conservation de donn es nominatives des l ves pendant une dur e de trente cinq ans et du fait que ces donn es pourraient
33. rsity in education 94 The general provisions combating discrimination in the education system were the following article 5 of the Law on Education which grants all Romanian citizens equal access to all levels and form of education and article 12 2 which establishes education can not be structured based on exclusive and discriminatory criteria such as ethnicity religion political or ideological affiliations Furthermore denying access of a person or a group of persons to the public or private education system based on race nationality ethnicity and other criteria constitutes a contravention The general provisions combating discrimination in the education system were the following article 5 of the Law on Education which grants all Romanian citizens equal access to all levels and form of education and article 12 2 which establishes education can not be structured based on exclusive and discriminatory criteria such as ethnicity religion political or ideological affiliations However the Government further informed that these provisions can not be interpreted as a restriction on the right of an educational institution to reject the application of candidates that do not meet the admission standards 95 All Romanian citizens regardless of their national or ethnic origin have the obligation to learn Romanian at school as it is the state official language This requirement is meant to facilitate the access to a person belonging to a national m
34. s l ves et Mme Heutier est admise faire valoir ses droits la retraite la rentr e scolaire de septembre 2010 Quant M Duckit les dispositions du d cret du 24 f vrier 1989 pr cit ne lui ont pas t appliqu es dans la mesure o il n est charg que d une seule classe et n avait pas t nomm dans un emploi de directeur l article 17 de ce d cret r servant une telle nomination aux instituteurs ou professeurs des coles assurant la direction des coles maternelles et l mentaires de deux classes et plus 48 Outre cette mesure comptable qui a concern les cinq directeurs pr cit s il est av r que le cas de MM Didier et Riallan respectivement directeurs d coles de deux et cinq classes a t soumis l examen de la commission administrative paritaire d partementale de l Is re CAPD qui s est tenue le 30 mars dernier en vue de se prononcer en raison de leur refus de remplir leurs obligations sur le retrait de leur emploi de directeur Pr alablement cette r union chacun des directeurs a t invite consulter son dossier individuel ce qu ils ont fait l un et l autre en pr sence d un repr sentant syndical et de leur avocat Compte tenu de l avis de la CAPD I autorit acad mique a inform les int ress s de sa d cision de proc der au retrait de leur emploi de direction et les a invit s participer la proc dure de changement d affectation de l ducation natio
35. s well as Jewish studies at all levels of academic study During the academic year 2009 2010 58 specialisations and 35 masters programmes were exclusively taught in Hungarian Besides each faculty has a secretary responsible for the Hungarian line of study who speaks the Hungarian language This multicultural system transformed the University into the largest and most complex university in Romania Its system has been evaluated positively by qualified international bodies OSCE High Commissioner on national minorities Salzburg seminar European University Association and was recommended internationally as model of organisation Since 1995 Babes Bolyai University has received no official complaints concerning instances of ethnic discrimination Observations 107 The Special Rapporteur would like to thank the Government for its reply United States of America Communication sent 108 On 9 May 2010 the Special Rapporteur on the right to education and the Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment sent a joint urgent appeal to the Government of the United States of America concerning the treatment suffered by children and young adults enrolled in the residential programme of the Judge Rotenberg Centre JRC The JCR located in Canton Massachusetts is an educational centre providing treatment to children and young adults with mental disabilities 109 According to the information received the
36. scription d admission et de radiation classe niveau cycle et les activit s p riscolaires garderie tudes surveill es restaurant et transport scolaire 39 Il convient de noter que la CNIL a d livr au minist re de l ducation nationale un r c piss tant pour la d claration initiale du traitement que pour les d clarations modificatives Elle a par ailleurs effectu plusieurs v rifications sur le fonctionnement de la Base l ves ler degr et fait figurer sur son site un mode d emploi tendant clarifier les informations qui circulent son sujet qu elle m me qualifie de plus ou moins exactes 40 Le Conseil d Etat devrait prochainement confirmer la l galit du traitement au moins dans sa version actuelle sur requ te pr sent e par une directrice d cole et un parent d l ve A ce titre il convient de noter que le juge des r f r s du Conseil d Etat a rejet la demande de suspension de l arr t cr ant le traitement Base l ves ler degr pr sent e par les deux m mes requ rants Observations sur les faits mentionn s Les mesures prises l gard des directeurs d cole 41 La France confirme que dans les cas o les directeurs d cole mis en demeure de renseigner la Base l ves ler degr ont persist dans leur refus de se conformer cette instruction l inspecteur d acad mie comp tent a pu prendre leur encontre des d cisions disciplinaires ou de
37. t de proc der la saisie dans la Base l ves ler degr des donn es relatives aux l ves de leur cole Ce courrier leur indiquait qu ils seraient remplac s pour leur permettre d effectuer cette mission et que l absence de saisie serait consid r e comme service non fait justifiant une retenue de salaire de cinq trenti mes Il convient de noter que A HRC 17 29 Add 1 ce courrier faisait tat de plusieurs courriers ant rieurs dans lesquels l inspecteur d acad mie avait d j rappel aux directeurs concern s les responsabilit s leur incombant au regard de la saisie obligatoire des donn es dans la Base l ves ler degr 45 Des lors que l inspecteur d acad mie directeur des services d partementaux de l ducation nationale de l Is re a transmis aux directeurs d cole concern s une lettre demandant de mettre jour la Base l ves ler degr pour une date d termin e et leur a indiqu son intention d engager une proc dure qui pouvait d boucher sur un retrait d emploi de directeur une telle lettre doit tre consid r e comme ayant le caract re d une mise en demeure de nature permettre une retenue financi re compter de l ch ance 46 S agissant de Mmes Artaud et Heurtier ainsi que de M Duckit ils ont uniquement fait l objet d une retenue sur leur traitement II s agit d une mesure purement comptable qui se borne tirer les cons quences de l inaccomplissement p
38. ted from bilingual education that had enabled them to become proficient in both languages ensuring access to their own cultural heritage In addition concern existed that the new education policy will result in Tibetan teachers losing their jobs as the Tibetan language was phased out and became redundant in schools Secondary education was taught only in Mandarin and university entrance exams were conducted in Mandarin resulting in Tibetan students reportedly being put at a disadvantage Concerns had been expressed by community leaders regarding the long term negative affects of such education reforms on the preservation of the Tibetan language and Tibetan culture in the region if these reforms were to be put into practice 10 Allegedly owing to this decree on 19 October 2010 in Tongren Rebkong in Tibetan county in Malho Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai province thousands of Tibetan students had reportedly come out on the streets to protest against the education reforms and the inequality faced by the Tibetans Further student demonstrations had been reported on 20 October at various towns in the Hainan Tsolho in Tibetan Tibet Autonomous Prefecture in western Qinghai province according to sources Protesters were reportedly calling for equality between ethnic groups and for the Tibetan language to maintain its status as one of the two languages of instruction in the education system in the region s bilingual education In all cases the
39. tion to all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years Section 13 of the Act further prohibited any screening of children or their parents Observation 72 The Special Rapporteur regrets that at the time of the finalization of the report the Government has not transmitted any reply to his communication Israel Communication sent 73 On 07 October 2010 the Special Rapporteur on the right to education sent an allegation letter to the Government of Israel concerning the impact of the blockade by Israel on the school system in the Gaza Strip 74 According to the information received In June 2007 the Government of Israel imposed a blockade on the Gaza Strip generally only permitting items it defines as humanitarian into Gaza essentially food cooking gas fuel medicine and some other non food items In June 2010 the Government of Israel announced that it would ease the blockade on Gaza allowing additional consumable items entry into Gaza However construction materials continue to remain banned for import and are only permitted entry for international organizations on a project by project basis 75 The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine UNRWA provides basic services to Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip including elementary and preparation education Grades 1 to 9 to Palestinian refugee children Due to the blockade the UNRWA has been unable to build a single school in Gaza in over three years At t
40. tre utilis es pour la recherche des enfants de parents migrants en situation irr guli re ou pour la collecte de donn es sur la d linquance R ponse du Gouvernement 30 Dans une lettre en date du 9 juillet 2010 le Gouvernement a fourni les claircissements suivants 31 Rappel g n ral concernant la Base l ve ler degr et la protection des donn es pouvant tre consid r es comme sensibles 32 La Base l ves ler degr est un traitement de donn es caract re personnel dont la finalit est d assurer la gestion administrative et p dagogique des l ves du premier degr enfants g s entre 3 et 11 ans et de permettre apr s anonymisation un suivi acad mique et national des statistiques et indicateurs 33 Au niveau des coles maternelles l mentaires et primaires la gestion administrative et p dagogique des l ves recouvre leur inscription leur admission leur radiation leur affectation dans les classes leur passage dans une classe sup rieure 24 Le traitement Base l ves ler degr a fait l objet le 24 d cembre 2004 d une d claration aupr s de la Commission nationale de l informatique et des libert s CNIL conform ment l article 23 de la loi n 78 17 du 6 janvier 1978 modifi e relative l informatique aux fichiers et aux libert s avant son d ploiement titre exp rimental dans une centaine d coles de cinq d partements au cours de l ann e 2005
41. tween 15 April 2010 and 29 April 2011 Observations made by the Special Rapporteur have also been included where applicable 2 The Special Rapporteur receives information alleging violations of the right to education and related rights from national regional and international non governmental organizations as well as intergovernmental organizations The Special Rapporteur responds to information received and considered to be reliable on alleged violations of the right to education by writing to the State and others actors concerned either together with other special procedure mandates or alone inviting comment on the allegation seeking clarification reminding them of their obligations under international law in relation to the right to education and requesting information where relevant on steps being taken by the authorities to redress the situation in question The Special Rapporteur urges all States and other actors to respond promptly to his communications and in appropriate cases to take all steps necessary to redress situations involving the violation of the right to education 3 The Special Rapporteur recalls that in transmitting allegations and urgent appeals he does not make any judgement concerning the merits of the cases nor does he support the opinion of the persons or actors on behalf of whom he intervenes The Special Rapporteur draws attention to the fact that the issues reflected in this addendum are not representative of th
42. ury of effort and has been instituted in basic through tertiary education The State attaches a high degree of importance to the protection and transmission of minority languages in both their spoken and written forms In 2009 the State Council issued its views on the development of the cultural activities of ethnic minorities setting out a number of policy measures which included increasing Government investment in such activities giving priority to increasing the publication of materials in minority languages as well as the translation of minority languages and protecting and developing minority languages by promoting their standardization and their adaptation for use with electronic information technology 14 In September 2010 Qinghai Province held a province wide education conference at which the outline of the Provincial Plan for Medium term Educational Reform and Development 2010 2020 was presented one of the key elements of the Plan was strengthening and reforming bilingual education as a means of promoting education in minority areas The Plan called for the following in future bilingual education in Qinghai would emphasize the language in common use throughout the country while providing education in ethnic minority languages so that minority students would be proficient in their knowledge and use of both the language in common use in the country and their own minority language This is consistent with national legislation and necessary

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